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TheUnitedStatesinWWI
Chapter12,Sec6ons1,2,3,&4
TheSides• TheAlliedPowers– France– GreatBritain– Russia– Belgium
• TheCentralPowers– Germany– Austria‐Hungary
– Bulgaria– O=omanEmpire
• TheFenceRiders– Spain– Switzerland(nosurprise)
– ScandinavianCountries
– Netherlands
WorldWarI:BeforeAmerica• BytheLmetheUnitedStatesenteredthewar,ithadbeenragingfor3years.
• Europeancountrieshadfoughtthemselvestoatrenchstalemate.
• Thiswasawarnobodywaspreparedfor.– IndustrializedWarfaremadethisthebloodiestwartodate.
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TheUnitedStatesS6rs• TheUnitedStatesNeutralitywastestedmulLpleLmesbeforefinallyenteringthewar.– U‐boatWarfare–PerceivedviolaLonofSussexPledge.
– SinkingoftheLusitania– ZimmermanNote– RussianRevoluLon(REDSCARE!!!)
It’sOfficial…NowWhat?• TheU.S.wasnotpreparedtofightsuchawar.– Marineswerespreadoutacrosstheworld.(MainlyCentralAmerica)
– Only100,000meninuniform(Pershingfeltweneededatleast1million.)
• Selec6veServiceActof1917–conscripted3millionmentofightintheAmericanExpediLonaryForce(AEF).
We’reHere!Whydoeseveryonelooksodown?• U.S.soldierswerefreshandreadyforba=le.ThereEuropeanallieswerehaggardandwarweary.
• PershinginsistedhissoldiersstayseparatefromtheirEuropeanallies.– Feltthedefensive(trench)mentalitywouldinfectthesoldiers.
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TheAmericansSaveParis• ThenewRussiangovernmentmakespeacewithGermany.– Closestheeasternfront.
• GermanymountsoffensivetoParis.
• MarineCorpsstopsGermansatBelleauWoodandChateau‐Thierry.– “Wedignotrenchestofallbackon.TheMarineswillholdwheretheystand.”
TheCentralPowersCollapse• TheO=omanEmpireandBulgariamaketheirownpeaceagreementswithAllies.
• Austria‐Hungarysplintersasvariousgroupsdeclareindependence.
• Alone,GermanysuesforpeaceasthefighLngstartstopourintotheirlands.– ArmisLcesignedonat5AMonNovember11,1918inarailroadcar.
TheWaratHome• AmericansenthusiasLcallyboughtLibertyBondstohelpfinancethewar.
• ThegovernmentsetupasystemofraLoningtokeepfromwasLngvaluablefoodstuffs.– Prince‐Controlsalsohelpedkeepthepricesontheseraregoodsfromsoaring.
• DaylightintroducednaLonwideduringWWItosavevaluablefuelresources.
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ScaredofEveryone• Americans’fearofGermanyspiesledtoaseriesofnamechanges.– Hamburger=SalisburySteak
– GermanSheppard=PoliceDog
– Sauerkraut=LibertyCabbage
That’sonegoodlookingSalisburySteak
Sedi6onandImprisonment• CongresspassedtheEspionageActof1917.– Madeitillegalspeakrebellion.(SediLon)
– Manypeoplewerejailed.
• Vigilanteslynchedandhorsewhippedsocialistswhotheyfeltweretryingoverthrowthegovernment.
TimetoTalk• WiththeArmisLceinplace,PresidentWilsonwenttoEuropeastheheadoftheU.S.delegaLon.– Wilsonhadgrandplanstomakepeacefinal.
– However,heonlytookoneRepublicaninthedelegaLon.• TheRepublicanscontrolledtheU.S.Congress.
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Wilson’sPlansforLas6ngPeace• ReducetraderestricLonbetweencountriesandreducemilitary.
• Self‐DeterminaLonforethnicgroupsfromAustria‐Hungary.
• Formapermanentagencywherecountriescouldworktogethertoresolvedisputespeacefully.(LeagueofNaLons)
• Wilsondidnotintendtotakespoilsfromthelosersandhopedtheothercountrieswouldnoteither.
WilsonFails• Wilson’splansforlasLngpeacefailedbecauseofangryEuropeanalliesandRepublicans.– EuropeancountriesinthewarwantedtopunishGermany.• WantedtocarveupGermany’scolonies.
• DemandedReparaLonsfortheWar.– AsWilsonpredictedthis
wasnotforgo=enbytheGermans.
– CongressionalRepublicansdidn’twanttheU.S.tobeapartoftheLeagueofNaLonsbecauseitwouldcommitU.S.tomorewars.
U.S.atTheEndofTheWar• WilsontriedtodrumupsupportfortheTreaty.– Hasamassivestroke.
• CongressdoesnotraLfyapeacetreatywithGermanyandAustria‐HungaryunLlOctober1921.