the urban traffic environment and the risk of child pedestrian injury: a case-crossover approach
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The urban traffic environment and the risk of child pedestrian injury: a case-crossover approach. Epidemiology March 1995, volume 6 number 2 學生:董瑩蟬. Purpose. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
The urban traffic environment and the risk of child pedestrian
injury: a case-crossover approach
Epidemiology March 1995, volume 6 number 2
學生:董瑩蟬
Purpose
• This paper investigated child pedestrian’s accident at crossover approach. And quantify the effect of traffic volume and speed for the child pedestrian injury.
Reference
• The child pedestrian has high injury rate for all accidents. (Rivara, 1990)
• There were many injury occurred on the school-home for children. (Joly et a., 1991)
• The previously study used the traffic volume and speed to investigate child injury on the weekday. (Roberts et al.,1994)
Method
• Subjects– Age from 5 to 15 years– 151 injured and 148 agreed participated this
study.
• Data collect between January 1, 1992 and January 1, 1994
• They used interview collect children data with the parents.
Method
• Measure bi-directional traffic volume and mean vehicle speed for all roads using vehicle.
• Data collect over 3-hour on the school day starts.
• They using the Mantel-Haenszel method.• Data compared the volume different and s
peed different that effect pedestrian and motor vehicle collision.
Result
• The 148 agreed to participate in this study.
• 46 cases were occurred on the school-home journey.– 31 boys and 15 girls– 33 children age less than 9 years, and 13
children age more than 9 years.– 16 were occurred on the way to school, and
30 to home.
Result
• Between pedestrian injury risk and high traffic volume has strong associations, and the same result at high speed.
• There were strong associations between pedestrian injury and both boy and girl. And the same result for older and younger.
Result
• At high speed situation, there was 10.59 associated between the relative risk and high traffic volume.
• At low speed situation, there was 3.55 associated between the relative risk and high traffic volume.
• At high traffic volume situation, there was 4.19 associated between the relative risk and high vehicle speed.
• At low traffic volume situation, there was 3.21 associated between the relative risk and high vehicle speed.
Discussion
• This identification of environmental risk factors for child pedestrian injury. (Maclure, 1991)
• Another study found that the strong risks for high traffic volume remained after stratification by vehicle speed. (Murtay et al.,1993)