the yin and yang of plants medicinal uses & philosophy of plants in chinese culture the yin and...
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The yin and yang of plants
Medicinal uses & philosophy of plants in Chinese culture
Jer-Ming Hu
Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
National Taiwan University本著作除另有註明外，採取創用CC「姓名標示－非商業性－相同方式分享」台灣 3.0版授權釋出
Unless noted, the course materials are licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-
NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Taiwan (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0)
Introduction to the biodiversity of TaiwanIntroduction to the biodiversity of Taiwan
YANG YIN
front backoutside insidemoving still
up downwarmth cold
Five phases theory
Heart
Small intestine
Kidney
Urinary bladder
Generating Interaction
Overcoming Interaction
Wiki Benoît Stella alias User:BenduKiwi
yin
Lung
Large intestine
Spleen
Stomach
Liver
Gall bladder
yang
Tongue Diagnostics
Normal Qi Deficiency Heat Damp Retention
Blood Stasis
Qi StagnationDamp Heat Yang Deficiency
Yin Deficiency
BloodDeficiencyNational Taiwan University Jer-
Ming Hu
NASA World Wind JAVA SDK
Traditional Chinese medicine ( 中醫 )
Kampo漢方医学
Hangul한의학
zhōng yī中醫
VCTđông y
Wiki User: Itsmine
2000
1000
AD 0
Shen-Nong ben cao ( 神農本草 )-252 plant species
Ben cao jing ji zhu ( 本草經集注 ) by Tao Hong-Jing ( 陶弘景 )Tang ben cao ( 唐本草 ) by Ching Su ( 蘇敬 )
500
659
1578 Ben cao gang mu ( 本草綱目 ) by Li Shi zhen ( 李時珍 )-1095 plant species (58%)
Wiki Uploader: Snowyowls
Properties of Chinese herbs
Four qi (si-qi 四性 )Cold (yin), cool, warm, hot (yang), and neutral
Five flavors (tastes, wu-wei 五味 ) - effectsPungent - vitalizing; activating bloodSweet - tonifying or harmonizingSour - astringent or consolidatesBitter - dispelling heat; detoxifyingSalty - softening or purging
General categories of Chinese medicines
Tonifying qi ( 補氣 )Treating deficiency of qiGinseng, shouwu, wolfberry,
Tonifying (nourishing) yang (heat) ( 補陽 )Tonifying (nourishing) yin (cold) ( 補陰 )Resolving stasis (activate blood) ( 去瘀活血 )Clearing heat ( 清熱 )Tonifying blood ( 養血 )
WHO traditional medicine terminology in western Pacifics
Flickr SqueakyMarmot
Wiki FloraFarm GmbH / Katharina Lohrie
Ginseng (Panax ginseng)
• Member of aralia family (Araliaceae)• Containing ginsenoside (steroid
glycosides)• Used as adaptogen, aphrodisiacs
Wiki Scanned and processed by Mariluna
Hoshouwu (Fallopia multiflora) 何首烏
• Member of buckweed family (Polygonaceae)• It is said to be able to rejuvenate the body
Wiki FanghongWikimedia Commons Badagnani
Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Camphor fungus
• Camphor fungus (Antrodia camphorata) is thought to have anti-cancer activities
• Only grown on Bull’s camphor tree, which is rare and endemic to Taiwan (IUCN status: EN)
• ~USD$17000 or more per kg.
Flickr plj.johnny
Taitung Forest District Office, Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan
Source: http://www.forest.gov.tw/ct.asp?xItem=56571&ctNode=2323&mp=350 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:• Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.• Forestry Bureau ( 行政院農業委員會林務局臺東林區管理處 ) 著作權聲明
Caterpillar fungus ( 冬蟲夏草 )• Caterpillar fungus (yartsa gunbu in Tibetan) is a result of relationship between fungus
Cordyceps and the larva of the ghost moth, which lives only on Tibetan Plateau.• Nourishing yang, tonifying lung• A famous Chinese medicine claimed to have anti-tumor, anti-viral activities.
Wiki Uploader: Rafti Institute
http://www.springerlink.com/content/27j742782615320g/
Winkler. 2008. Economic Botany. Vol. 62. pp. 291-305
Picasa Felix Wayne
Herbs tonifying yang
Cynomorium songaricum (Suo-yang, Cynomoriaceae)
-Invigorates kidney
Epimedium brevicornu (yi-yang-huo, Berberidaceae)• Active ingredient: icariine
Plant Photo Bank of China
Picasa Yibing Wu
Plant Photo Bank of China
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=177635 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=38020 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Herbs tonifying yangEucommia ulmoides (duzhong 杜仲 , sole member of Eucommiaceae)
• Eucommia tea is popular for reducing weight
Flickr jennyhsu47
Wiki Sten Porse
Flickr Ordinary daily life of yoshinokichi
Herbs tonifying ‘yin’
Solomon’s seal (Huangjing, Tiger’s ginger, Polygonatum sibiricum, lily family)• Nourish spleen and lung• It is said to have anti-aging feature
Plant Photo Bank of China Plant Photo Bank of China
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=532856 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=55589 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum & L. chinense)
• It is traditionally used in cardiovascular and vision-related diseases, and believed to have anticancer and immunomodulatory properties.
Chrysanthemum wolfberry tea
Wiki User: Topjabot
Flickr FotoosVanRobin
Flickr redpolkadot
• The cultivation of wolfberry in China is over 2 million acres.
• One of the many recognized ‘superfruit’
Flickr ckngai123 Flickr ruifipieggio
Herbs with ‘hot/warm’ property
Siler (fang-feng 防風 , Saposhnikovia divaricata)• Pungent tastes, warm• Treating cold symptoms
Plant Photo Bank of China Plant Photo Bank of China
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=17777 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Source: http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=788247 This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) ，根據著作權聲明與中華人民共和國著作權法第22條，本資料庫係以合理使用方式利用本件作品
Herbs with ‘cold’ property
Mint (Mentha haplocalyx)• Pungent, cold• Promote sweating to release the exterior
Mint tea is said can ease stomach discomfort
Flickr Zanthia
Picasa Sian Liu
Wikispecies Doronenko
Tonifying (nourishing) blood
Di huang (Rehmannia glutinosa 地黃 )• Raw di-huang ( 生地 )• Reduce heat• Treating yin deficiency• Processed di-huang ( 熟地 )• Enrich yin• Active ingredient: rehmannioside, aucubin
Dried Rehmanniae radix
Wiki Schizhao Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan
Formulas: compound medicine
The principlesSovereign
Principal curative action
MinisterHelp strengthen the principal action
AssistantTreats the combined syndrome, relieves secondary symptoms
CourierDirects action to the affected meridian/channel or site
Prohibited combination18 antagonisms, 19 incompatibilities
Famous compound formulasSiwu tang (four substance soup 四物湯 )
Dong quai (Angelica sinensis) Chinese peony
(Paeonia lactiflora)
Szechuan lovage rhizome (Chuan xiong,
Ligusticum wallichii)
Di huang (Rehmannia glutinosa 地黃 )
Wiki Ulf Eliasson
Wiki SchizhaoFlickr Christabelle‧迴紋針
Picasa Sian Liu
Photo by National Taiwan University Jer-Ming Hu
Famous compound formulas
Nin Jiom Per Pa Koa ( 川貝枇杷膏 )
Fritillary: bitter, cold; moisten lung
Loquat leaf: bitter, cold; moisten lung and suppress coughing
京都念慈菴 Photo by Wiki Cybergoth Wiki User: Oldie
Flickr tanakawho
Famous compound formula
Seirogan ( 正露丸 ), a Taiko pharmaceutical drug• Treating loose stool and diarrhea• Ingredient:• Wood creosote
Seirgoan ( 正露丸 ) Photo by Flickr LiuTao
http://www.seirogan.co.jp/tc/products/seirogan/truth/smell.htmlhttp://www.seirogan.co.jp/tc/products/seirogan/truth/color.html
Gambir (Uncaria gambir, Rubiaceae)• Anti-diarrheal
Phellodendron bark (Phellodendron amurense, Rutaceae)• Anti-diarrheal or bitter tasting stomachic• Treatment of bruises or sprains (externally)
Glycyrrhiza (licorice, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Fabaceae)• Analgesic or antispasmodic agent,
and expectorant
Citrus unshiu peel (Citrus unshiu, Rutaceae)• Stomach medicine
Wiki Kurt Stüber
Yin and yang of daily food
Chili pepper Pungent, hot
Ginger Pungent, warm
Pumpkin Sweet, warm
Cabbage Sweet, neutral
Celery Sweet, cool
Spinach Sweet, cool
Bamboo shoot Sweet, cold
Cherry Sweet, warm
Guava Sour, warm
Apple Sour, sweet, neutral
Orange/Tangerine Sweet, sour, cool
Banana Sweet, cold
Flickr ezezfun
Watermelon•Cool
Flickr Abura Yu
National Taiwan University Jer-Ming Hu
Mint herb tea
Flickr Jimmy.White
Flickr xamous
Picasa 曾坤發
Aiyu (Ficus pumila)
National Taiwan University Jer-Ming Hu
National Taiwan University Jer-Ming Hu
Wiki User: takoradee
Wiki Onlymyself65536
Starfruit (carambola, Averrhoa carambola)• Origin in tropical Asia• Sweet, sour, cold• Nourishing lung• Contains oxalic acid, therefore harmful to the ones
with kidney failure
Flickr JimmyHsu / 毛導
Drinks preventing ‘cold’, promoting ‘heat’
Ｇ inger tea
National Taiwan University Jer-Ming Hu
Flickr ting0308
Ｇ inger tea + Sweet Potato
Flickr Patricia W.
Longan & red dates tea
Longan (Dimocarpus longan, Sapindaceae)
Red dates (Ziziphus jujuba, Rhamnaceae)
Picasa Art Vogel
Flickr lumei
Wiki DryPot
Different properties in bean families
Cold/cool Neutral
mung bean
tofu
urad
bean sprout
soybean
broad beansoy milk
Wiki Sanjay Acharya
Wiki User: Sanjay Ach
Picasa Rosa Aleida Restrepo Becerra
Flickr stu_spivack
Different parts of plants can have different properties
Coconut ‘meat’ (solid endosperm): neutral
Coconut ‘milk’ (liquid endosperm): warm
Flickr EtherH
Wiki Wikimol
Different ways of preparation can change property
Fresh leaf Partial oxidation
Full oxidation
Green tea
Oolong tea
Black tea
• Unwilted and unoxidized• Sweet, cold
• Wilted, bruised, partially oxidized• Sweet, neutral to cool
• Wilted and fully oxidized• Sweet, warm
Wiki Uploader: lateasquirrel
Flickr shihwy1
Wiki W.A. Djatmiko (Wie146)
Durian (Durio, Malvaceae)• “King of fruits”• Sweet, hot• Indescribable smell...
Neutralizing the effects of yin and yang
Wiki User: Markalexander100
Wiki User: BorgQueen
Wiki User: KayEss
Purple mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana)• “Queen of fruits”• Sweet, cold
Enokitake (enoki)
Garland chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum coronarium)
Napa cabbage
Hot top
Flickr Ray YuFlickr Ray Yu
Flickr The Boreka Diary Flickr xx3734
Practical example: categorizing a ‘cold’ (flu)
Cold fluSymptoms: stuffed nose, sneezing, coughing, chilling feels, less feverSuggested
Ginger drinks with brown sugar
Don’t eat: pear, tangerineHot flu
Symptoms: high fever, sore throat, coughingSuggested
Mint/mulberry tea
Chrysanthemum tea
Watermelon juice
Other coughing drinks
Sugarcane tea• Drink in hot• Sometimes with ginger
Citrus tea• Drink in hot
Flickr PipperL
Picasa 和碩睿親王
Flickr tenz1225
Flickr *嘟嘟嘟 *
Final words
Plants have different nature (cold/hot)Food nature can vary due to different preparationKnow your body nature before consuming food
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This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 ) http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=177635 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:• Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.• 中國植物圖像庫版權申明 : http://www.plantphoto.cn/copyright.aspx
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This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 )http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=38020 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:• Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.• 中國植物圖像庫版權申明 : http://www.plantphoto.cn/copyright.aspx
若用于教学目的时使用本站图片需完整保留本站图标，不得故意遮挡、剪裁修改图片、水印及图标。Wiki Sten Porsehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Eucommia-ulmoides.JPG2011/12/11 visited
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若用于教学目的时使用本站图片需完整保留本站图标，不得故意遮挡、剪裁修改图片、水印及图标。
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This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 )http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=55589 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:• Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.• 中國植物圖像庫版權申明 : http://www.plantphoto.cn/copyright.aspx
若用于教学目的时使用本站图片需完整保留本站图标，不得故意遮挡、剪裁修改图片、水印及图标。Wiki User: Topjabothttp://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Illustration_Lycium_barbarum0.jpg2011/12/11 visited
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This work is from the website of “Plant Photo Bank of China” ( 中國植物圖像庫 )http://www.plantphoto.cn/tu.aspx?id=788247 It is used subject to the fair use doctrine of:• Articles 52 & 65 of Taiwan Copyright Act.• 中國植物圖像庫版權申明 : http://www.plantphoto.cn/copyright.aspx
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This work is from the Committee on Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Health, Executive Yuan http://ccmp.gov.tw/meun_1_content.asp?aaa=8The original source is from Executive Yuan ( 行政院 ), so this work is used subject to the fair use doctrine of: •Articles 50 of Taiwan Copyright Act. •行政院著作權聲明 : 本院網站上所刊載以本院名義公開發表之著作，即著作人為本院者，在合理範圍內，得重製、公開播送或公開傳輸；利用時，並請註明出處。
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