the young astronomer’s -...

The Young Astronomer’s

Briefcase

小天文学家的工具箱

Rosa M. Ros

International Astronomical Union, Com. 46

Technical University of Catalonia, Spain

国际天文联合会—第46专委会，加泰罗尼亚理工大学（巴塞罗那，西班牙）

Goals本节学习目标

Understand the importance of careful

observations 理解仔细观察的重要性

Understand the use of various instruments

through student construction of the

instruments 通过学生自己制作工具这一过程，使其理解如何运用各种工具

The Young Astronomer’s

Briefcase小天文学家的工具箱

All instruments built

and organized in a

box 制作箱里的所有工具

Components of the kit 工具类型 “Ruler to measure angles”量角器

Simplified quadrant象限式地平高度测量仪

Simple horizontal goniometer方位角测量仪

Planisphere 活动星图

Map of the Moon 月图

Spectroscope 分光镜

Equatorial Clock 赤道式时钟

Red Light Flashlight 红光手电

Compass 指南针

Wristwatch 手表

Paper, pencil, camera …纸、铅笔、相机等

1- “Ruler to measure angles“

测量角度的尺子 To provide the angular

distance between two

stars 用于测量两颗星间的角度

Simple to use if we do

not want to use

coordinates. 简单易用，无需从坐标推算

1-“Ruler to measure angles”

测量角度的尺子

“What is the distance

(radius R) needed to

obtain a device which is

equivalent to 1 º to 1 cm?”

–R为多大，1度对应于1

厘米？

2pR cm 1 cm

---------- = --------

360º 1º

R = 180 / p = 57 cm

1-“Ruler to measure angles“

测量角度的尺子

To build: We set a string length of 57 cm to a

non-flexible ruler 用一根57厘米长的绳子和一把尺子

1-“Ruler to measure angles“

测量角度的尺子 How to use: We observe

with the end of the

string almost touching

our eye (on the cheek

below the eye) 绳子的一端在眼睛下面的脸颊

With string stretched:

1cm = 1 degree 此时尺子上的一厘米对应一度

2- Simplified quadrant

简化地平仪 To get the altitude of

the stars. 测量天体的地平高度

Work in groups of

two students: one

looking through the

viewfinder and

another making

readings. 两人一起

工作，一人瞄准天体，另一人读取数值

2 - Simplified quadrant (gun type)

简化地平仪（枪式） Rectangular piece of cardboard (approx. 12x20 cm). 长方纸板

Two round hooks on the upper side 两个圆形钩子


简化地平仪（枪式） If you see the object through the two hooks, the

string indicates the altitude above the horizon. 下垂的绳子指示地平高度


简化地平仪（枪式） a straw with a carton located across the hooks is an

excellent viewfinder for measuring the altitude of

the sun by projecting the image onto a piece of

white cardboard. 也可以用一根吸管，把透过吸管的阳光投射在纸上，可用来测量太阳的地平高度。

ATTENTION:

NEVER LOOK

DIRECTLY AT

THE SUN! 太阳不可直视

3- Simple horizontal goniometer

简易方位角测量仪

To determine the

azimuth of the stars 用于测量天体的方位角

You need to use a

compass to align the

instrument in the

North-South direction.

需要用指南针确定南北


简易方位角测量仪

Cardboard 12x20 cm纸板

Using 3 “needles” can

make two directions

3根针定向

Read the angle between

them 读出方位角数值


简易方位角测量仪 To measure the azimuth

of a star must place the

origin of the semicircle in

the North-South direction.

使用南-北方位作为基准

Azimuth is the angle from

the North-South line

through the center of the

circle and the direction of

the star通过量角器可以测出方位角

4- Planisphere 活动星图

To learn what are

the constellations

visible in our

latitude known the

date and time of

observation

已知日期、时间、纬

度，可以知道哪些星座会出现在天空。


Constellations disc

photocopied

on white

用复印的星盘


Inside an pocket

whose cut-out area

depends on the local

latitude 将星盘放入一个根据当地纬度做出的口袋


Rotate the

disk until it

matches the

date and time

of

observation

旋转星盘至指

定的日期和时间

5- Moon map 月图

To locate maria, craters, and ridges

可找出月海、环形山、山脉

5- Moon map 月图

Start by

identifying the

maria

从认识月海开始

5- Moon map 月图

Continue to

identify other

features.

然后再找其它的月貌特征

6- Spectroscope 简易光谱仪

To display

the spectrum

of sunlight

展示阳光的光谱

6- Spectroscope 光谱仪

Paint inside the box

black将盒子内涂黑

Cut longitudinally

to look at the

spectrum within the

box 在黑子的长端切出一个观察槽

6- Spectroscope 简易光谱仪

Paste a piece of CD on the

bottom inside the box (with

the recorded area facing up)

在盒子底部粘上一小片光盘

Close the box leaving only a

slit open in the area opposite

the viewer. 然后稍微打开盒子，露出一条小缝隙

7- Equatorial clock 赤道式时钟

To determine the time

确定时间

You need to use a

compass to align the

instrument in the North-

South direction. 需用指南针确定南北

HORIZON AND

SUNDIAL

WORKSHOP

8 Flashlight (red light) 红光手电

To illuminate the maps before looking at real sky at night

用于读星图

Light can annoy observations

You can attach"cellophane" red to the light with adhesive

9- Compass 指南针

to align

different tools

与不同工具

混合使用

10- Wristwatch and...手表和其它

everything else ...

notebook

pencil or pen

camera

...

Conclusions 结论

Is appropriate that students make their own instruments, and use them in their organized briefcase 学员们能否会正确制作并使用工具箱里的工具

With this activity, students: 通过本项活动，学员们可以： gain confidence in the measures; 通过测量获得自信

take responsibility for their own instruments; 对自己的仪器负责

develop their creativity and manual skills; 开发自我的动手能力和创造性

understand the importance of systematic data collection;了解系统地数据采集的重要性

facilitate their understanding of more sophisticated instruments; 增加他们对更为精密的仪器的理解

recognize the importance of observation with the unaided eye, both in history and now. 让他们理解历史上和现在，用肉眼观测的重要性

Thank you very

much

for your attention!

谢谢大家！

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