thiết kế hệ scada dùng wincc

8/12/2019 Thit k h SCADA dng WinCC

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TRNG AI HOC BACH KHOA TP.HCM

KHOA IEN-IEN T

NGANH IEU KHIEN T ONG******

e tai:

TThhiieettKKeeHHeeSSCCAADDAADDuunnggWWiinnCCCC

GVHD: ThayPHAN NGUYEN PHUC QUOC.SVTH : TRAN TH AN.MSSV : 49700018.

Nien Khoa 1997-2002.


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Li cam n

Li au tien em chan thanh cam n thay Phan Nguyen PhucQuoc a trc tiep hng dan; cung cap tai lieu, thiet b va tao moiieu kien e em hoan thanh tap luan van nay.

Em xin gi li cam n en tat ca cac thay co giao bo monieu Khien T ong, cung nh cac thay co khoa ien-ien Tthi gian qua a truyen at va trang b cho em ay u kien thcchuan b cho luan van tot nghiep.

Tuy a co gang nhieu nhng do thi gian co han, tap luanvan nay se khong tranh khoi sai sot, em xin quy thay co va oc giathong cam bo qua. Em xin tiep nhan moi y kien.

Ngi thc hienSinh vien

Tran Th An


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MUC LUC

Li m au.

PHAN 1: PLCS7-300 ...................................................................... 1Chng 1: Gii thieu ......................................................................................... 2I. Tong quan ve bo ieu khien lap trnh c.............................................. 2

1. Bo ieu khien lap trnh c ....................................................................... 22. ieu khien noi cng va ieu khien lap trnh c .................................... 23.

Quet chng trnh tuan hoan va anh cac qua trnh .................................... 3a. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan .................................................................. 3b. Anh cac qua trnh ................................................................................... 3

II. Cau truc va phan chia bo nh ..................................................................... 41. Cac module cua PLC S7-300 ....................................................................... 4

a. Module CPU ............................................................................................ 4b. Module m rong ...................................................................................... 5

2. Kieu d lieu va phan chia bo nh .............................................................. 6a.

Kieu d lieu ............................................................................................ 6b. Phan chia bo nh ..................................................................................... 6

c. Tam a ch toi a cho cac vung nh ..................................................... 73. Cau truc chng trnh .................................................................................. 8

a. Lap trnh tuyen tnh ............................................................................... 8b. Lap trnh co cau truc .............................................................................. 8

Chng 2: Ngon ng lap trnh S7-300 ........................................................ 11I. S dung cac o nh va cau truc thanh ghi trang thai............................... 11

1. a ch o nh ................................................................................................ 11a. Phan ch ................................................................................................. 11b. Phan so ................................................................................................... 12

2. Cau truc thanh ghi trang thai ...................................................................... 12II. Cac lenh va phep toan ................................................................................. 16

1. Lenh nap chuyen ......................................................................................... 162. Cac lenh tac ong vao RLO va o nh ...................................................... 163. Cac lenh tac ong vao hai thanh ghi ACCU1 va ACCU2 ......................... 17

a. Nhom lenh ao v tr bytes ..................................................................... 17b. Nhom lenh tang giam ............................................................................ 17


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c. Nhom lenh dch chuyen .......................................................................... 18d. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen ...................................... 20e. Nhom lenh chuyen oi so dau cham ong sang so nguyen ................ 20f. Nhom lenh so sanh ............................................................................... 21g. Nhom lenh so hoc ................................................................................. 22

4. Cac lenh ieu khien logic va ieu khien chng trnh .............................. 23a. Cac lenh ieu khien logic ...................................................................... 23b. Cac lenh ieu khien chng trnh ......................................................... 25

5. Bo nh thi Timer ...................................................................................... 29a. Chc nang Timer ................................................................................... 29b. Cac v du bang gian o cho tng loai Timer ........................................ 30

6. Bo em Counter ......................................................................................... 33a. Chc nang Counter ................................................................................ 33b. V du minh hoa ....................................................................................... 34

Chng 3: Thc thi chngtrnh .............................................................35I. Hoat ong cua CPU ..................................................................................... 35

1. Cac vung nh CPU ...................................................................................... 352. Cat chng trnh vao CPU .......................................................................... 363. nh ngha cac vung nh gi ...................................................................... 36

a. S dung RAM khong boc hi ................................................................ 37b. at cau hnh d lieu cat trong RAM ..................................................... 38c. S dung pin backup e gi d lieu ....................................................... 38

4. Hoat ong cua CPU ..................................................................................... 39a. Chu ky quet ........................................................................................... 39b. Cac che o hoat ong ............................................................................ 39c. Cac che o hoat ong khac ................................................................... 41

II. Cac khoi logic .............................................................................................. 421. Cac khoi to chc OB .................................................................................... 422. Cac ham va cac khoi ham ........................................................................... 483. Cac khoi he thong ........................................................................................ 484. Cac khoi cua cac CPU cua PLC S7-300 ..................................................... 495. Thc thi chng trnh trong OB1 ................................................................. 49

a. Hoat ong cua OB1 ................................................................................ 49b. D lieu cuc bo trong OB1 ...................................................................... 50c. Thong tin Start up ................................................................................... 50d. Lp u tien va chng trnh ngat .......................................................... 51


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PHAN 2: LAP TRNH WINCC ....................................54Chng 1: Control Center ..........................................................................55I. Noi dung cua Control Center ...................................................................... 56

1. Chc nang .................................................................................................... 56a. Nhiem vu cua quan ly d lieu ............................................................... 56b. Nhiem vu cua Control Center ............................................................... 56

2. Cau truc ........................................................................................................ 573. Soan thao ...................................................................................................... 584. Cac thanh phan cua project trong Control Center ..................................... 58

a. May tnh ................................................................................................. 59b. Quan ly tag ............................................................................................. 59c. Cac kieu d lieu ..................................................................................... 63d. Soan thao ................................................................................................ 65

Chng 2: Cac thanh phan soan thao ...................................................66I. Alarm Logging .............................................................................................. 66

1. Chc nang ..................................................................................................... 66a. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging CS ......................................................... 66b. Nhiem vu cua Alarm Logging RT .......................................................... 66

2. Khai quat ve Alarm Logging ...................................................................... 66a. Thong bao ............................................................................................... 66b. Thu tuc thong bao ................................................................................... 67c. Cau truc mot thong bao ......................................................................... 67d. To chc cac thong bao ........................................................................... 68e. Hien th cac thong bao trong che o run timer ..................................... 68

II. Tag Logging ................................................................................................... 691. Chc nang ..................................................................................................... 69

a. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging CS .............................................................. 69b. Nhiem vu cua Tag Logging RT.............................................................. 69c. Thc hien Tag Logging .......................................................................... 70d. Cac kieu d lieu ...................................................................................... 70e. Cac phng phap lu tr d lieu qua trnh ........................................... 71

2. Cau truc cua Tag Logging CS ..................................................................... 75a. Timers ..................................................................................................... 75b. Achives ................................................................................................... 75c. Trends ..................................................................................................... 77d. Tables ...................................................................................................... 77


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III. Graphic Designer ......................................................................................... 771. Chc nang .................................................................................................... 772. Cau truc......................................................................................................... 77

a. Palette oi tng ..................................................................................... 78b. Tab Property ....................................................................................... 81c. Tab Event ............................................................................................ 81

IV. Global Scripts ................................................................................................ 821. Gii thieu ..................................................................................................... 822. Cac ham d an ............................................................................................. 833. Cac ham chuan ............................................................................................ 84

a. Cac ham chuan co san trong he thong ................................................... 84b. Cac ham chuan la chon ....................................................................... 86

4. Cac ham noi ................................................................................................. 86V. Report Designer ............................................................................................95

1. Gii thieu ...................................................................................................... 952. Bao cao ......................................................................................................... 96

a. Bao cao trong page layout ...................................................................... 97b. Bao cao trong line layout ...................................................................... 98

3. Ket noi Report Layouts vi cac ng dung ................................................. 98a. Chon d lieu e phan hoi tai lieu ......................................................... 98b. Chon d lieu cho cau hnh on-line ........................................................ 102

PHAN 3: NG DUNG HE SCADA VAO HE THONGPHA TRON HOA CHAT ...............................103

Chng 1: He thong Scada .........................................................................104I. Gii thieu he Scada ...................................................................................... 104

II. Cac ac tnh chnh cua he thong Scada hien ai ...................................... 107

Chng 2: Thc hien chng trnh ..........................................................110I. Gii thieu ve he thong pha tron .................................................................. 1101. Gii thieu tong quat .................................................................................... 1102. Hoat ong cua he thong .............................................................................. 110

II. Tao cac giao dien ket noi bang WinCC .................................................... 1141. Cac tags va nhom tag a tao trong chng trnh ........................................ 1142. Cac giao dien cho chng trnh .................................................................. 116

a. Man hnh chnh ...................................................................................... 116b. Man hnh Gii thieu ........................................................................... 117c. Man hnh Thong tin ............................................................................. 118d. Man hnh ieu khien ......................................................................... 119


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e. Man hnh Mo hnh .............................................................................. 120f. Man hnh Xem d lieu ........................................................................ 121g. Man hnh Thu thap ............................................................................. 122h. Man hnh o th .................................................................................. 123i. Man hnh Thong bao ........................................................................... 124

III. Lap trnh cho he thong bang Simatic S7-300 ........................................... 1251. ac tnh thiet b ........................................................................................... 125

a. Cau hnh ................................................................................................. 125b. Cap ket noi MPI ..................................................................................... 126

2. Gii thieu chng trnh ............................................................................... 127a. Cac khoi s dung trong chng trnh .................................................... 127b. Phan lap trnh .......................................................................................... 127

Chng 3: Ket qua thc hien va hng phat trien e tai .......................1281. Ket qua thc hien ........................................................................................ 1282. Hng phat trien e tai ................................................................................ 128


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NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN HNG DAN

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NHAN XET CUA GIAO VIEN PHAN BIEN

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Luan Van Tot Nghiep Phan 1

PPHHAANN11PLC S7-300


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Chng 1: GGiiiiTThhiieeuu

I. TONG QUAN VE BO IEU KHIEN LAP TRNHC.

1. Bo ieu khien lap trnh c.Bo ieu khien lap trnh c (Programmable Logic Controller), goi tat laPLC, la bo ieu khien cho phep thc hien linh hoat cac thuat toan ieu khien so

thong qua ngon ng lap trnh e trao oi thong tin vi cac PLC khac hoac vimay tnh. Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien c lu trong bo nh cua PLC didang cac khoi chng trnh (khoi OB, FB hoac FC) va c thc hien lap theochu ky cua vong quet (scan).

PLC chu yeu bao gom module CPU, cac bo x ly va bo nh chng trnh,cac module xuat/nhap (I/O module), he thong bus va khoi nguon cap ien.

He thong tuyen (system bus): la tuyen e truyen cac tn hieu, gom nhieung tn hieu song song:

Tuyen a ch (address bus): chon a ch tren cac khoi khac nhau.Tuyen d lieu (data bus): mang d lieu (th du t IM ti OM).Tuyen ieu khien (control bus): chuyen, truyen cac tn hieu nhth va ieu khieu e ong bo cac hoat ong trong PLC.

2.ieu khien noi cng va ieu khien lap trnh c.ieu khien noi cng (Hard_wired control)

Trong cac he thong ieu khien noi cng, cac tiep iem cam bien, cacen, cac cong tac,...c noi vnh vien vi cai khac. Do o khi muonthay oi lai he thong th phai noi day lai bo ieu khien, vi he thongphc tap th viec lam lai nay khong hieu qua va ton kem.

ieu khien lap trnh c (Programmable control)Tuy nhien trong cac he thong ieu khien lap trnh c th cau truc

cua bo ieu khien va noi day th oc lap vi chng trnh. ieu nay co


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ngha la cac bo ieu khien chuan co the s dung. Th du: cac tiep iemcam bien va cac cuon day ieu hanh tren may cong cu c noi trc tiepvao cac au noi cua bo ieu khien.

Chng trnh nh ngha hoat ong ieu khien c ghi trc tiep vaobo nh cua bo ieu khien (bo nh chng trnh) vi s tr giup cua bolap trnh hoac mot may vi tnh.

Ta co the thay oi chng trnh ieu khien bang cach thay oi noidung cua bo nh bo ieu khien, ngha la bo nh chng trnh, con phannoi day ben ngoai th khong b anh hng. ay chnh la mot trong caciem thuan li quan trong nhat cua bo ieu khien lap trnh c.

3. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan va anh cac qua trnh.a. Quet chng trnh tuan hoan:

Thi gian e cho mot lan quet qua tat ca cac phat bieu c liet ke trongchng trnh c goi la thi gian quet (scan timer).

Mot chu ky quet gom co 4 giai oan sau: Chuyen d lieu t cong vao ti I. Thc hien chng trnh. Chuyen d lieu t Q ti cong ra. Truyen thong va kiem tra noi bo.

Thi gian quet nay tuy thuoc vao so lenh trong chng trnh va tuy theotng loai PLC.

Neu s dung cac khoi chng trnh ac biet co che o ngat, v du nhkhoi OB40, OB80,..., chng trnh cua cac khoi o se c thc hien trong vongquet khi xuat hien tn hieu bao ngat cung chung loai. Cac khoi chng trnh nayco the c thc hien tai moi thi iem trong vong quet ch khong b go ep laphai trong giai oan thc hien chng trnh.

b.Anh cac qua trnh: Anh qua trnh nhap PII(Process Input Image)

Sau khi bat au thi gian theo doi quet, cac trang thai tn hieu cuatat ca cac ngo vao so trong PLC c quet (do) va c a vao boem anh qua trnh nhap PII cho en khi bat au chu ky quet ke tiep.Trong luc quet chng trnh ke tiep (c bat au bang cach goiOB1), cac trang thai tn hieu cua cac ngo vao c lay t anh qua

trnh PII nay.


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Anh qua trnh xuat PIQ (Process Output Image)Neu trong mot chu ky quet, cac trang thai tn hieu c thiet lap

cho mot hay nhieu ngo ra, th trc het chung phai c em trongqua trnh xuat PIQ. Khi chng trnh c quet en phat bieu cuoi(BE) cua khoi to chc OB1, noi dung cua anh qua trnh xuat PIQ cchuyen en cac module xuat.

Anh qua trnh xuat/nhap la vung RAM noi ma moi v tr bo nhc gan cho moi ngo vao so va ngo ra so.

Cac thuan li:Viec em cac trang thai nhap va xuat trong cac anh qua trnh bao am la

cac tn hieu vao ma thay oi trong chu ky quet khong the co hieu ng tren chuoichc nang.

Hn na, viec em cac trang thai tn hieu cua cac ngo vao va cac ngo ragiam thi gian quet khi truy cap vao bo nh d lieu he thong can t thi gianhn nhieu truy cap trc tiep vao cac modules xuat/ nhap.

II. CAU TRUC VA PHAN CHIA BO NH.1. Cac module cua PLC S7-300.e tang tnh mem deo trong ng dung thc te ma o phan ln cac oi

tng ieu khien co so tn hieu au vao, au ra cung nh chung loai tn hieuvao/ra khac nhau ma cac bo ieu khien PLC c thiet ke khong b cng hoa vecau hnh. Chung c chia nho thanh cac module. So cac module c s dungnhieu hay t tuy thuoc vao tng bai toan, song toi thieu bao gi cung phai comot module chnh la module CPU. Cac module con lai la nhng module

nhan/truyen tn hieu vi oi tng ieu khien, cac module chuyen dung nhPID, ieu khien ong c...Chung c goi chung la module m rong.

a.Module CPU:Module CPU la loai module co cha bo vi x ly, he ieu hanh, bo nh,

cac bo nh thi, bo em, cong truyen thong... va co the co mot vai cong vao raso. Cac cong vao ra so co tren module CPU c goi la cong vao ra onboard.


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Trong ho PLC S7-300 co nhieu loai module CPU khac nhau. Chung cat ten theo bo vi x ly co trong no nh module CPU312, module CPU314,module CPU315...

Nhng module cung s dung mot loai bo vi x ly, nhng khac nhau vecong vao/ra onboard cung nh cac khoi ham ac biet c tch hp san trong thvien cua he ieu hanh phuc vu viec s dung cac cong vao ra onboard nay sec phan biet vi nhau trong ten goi bang them cum t IFM (IntergratedFunction Module). Chang han module CPU312 IFM, module CPU314...Ngoai racon co loai module vi hai cong truyen thong nh module CPU315-DP.

b.Module m rong:Module m rong co 5 loai chnh: PS(Power Supply): Module nguon nuoi. Co 3 loai: 2A, 5A, 10A. SM (Signal Module): Module m rong cong tn hieu vao/ra, bao

gom: DI(Digital Input): Module m rong cac cong vao so. DO(Digital Output): Module m rong cac cong ra so. DI/DO: Module m rong cac cong vao/ra so. AI (Analog Input): Module m rong cac cong vao tng t. AO(Analog Output): Module m rong cac cong ra tng t. AI/AO: Module m rong cac cong vao/ra tng t.

IM (Interface module): Module ghep noi. ay la loai modulechuyen dung co nhiem vu noi tng nhom cac module m rong laivi nhau thanh mot khoi va c quan ly chung bi mot moduleCPU. Cac module m rong c ga tren mot thanh rack. Tren moirack co the gac toi a 8 module m rong (khong ke moduleCPU va module nguon nuoi). Mot module CPU S7-300 co the lamviec trc tiep c vi nhieu nhat 4 racks va cac racks nay phaic noi vi nhau bang module IM.

FM(Function Module): Module co chc nang ieu khien rieng, vdu nh module ieu khien ong c bc, module ieu khien ongc servo, module PID, module ieu khien vong kn,...

CP(Communication Module): Module phuc vu truyen thong trongmang gia cac PLC vi nhau hoac gia PLC vi may tnh.


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2. Kieu d lieu va phan chia bo nh.a.Kieu d lieu:

Trong mot chng trnh co the co cac kieu d lieu sau: BOOL: vi dung lng 1 bit va co gia tr la 0 hay 1. BYTE:gom 8 bit, co gia tr nguyen dng t 0 en 255. WORD: gom 2 byte, co gia tr nguyen dng t 0 en 65535. INT: co dung lng 2 byte, dung e bieu dien so nguyen t -

32768 en 32767. DINT: gom 4 byte, bieu dien so nguyen t -2147463846 en

2147483647. REAL: gom 4 byte, bieu dien so thc dau phay ong. S5T: khoang thi gian, c tnh theo gi/phut/giay/miligiay. TOD: bieu dien gia tr thi gian tnh theo gi/phut/giay. DATE : bieu dien gia tr thi gian tnh theo nam/thang/ngay. CHAR: bieu dien mot hoac nhieu ky t (nhieu nhat la 4 ky

t).

b.Phan chia bo nh:CPU S7-300 co 3 vung nh c ban:

Vung nh he thong(system memory): (RAM trong CPU) lu trd lieu hoat ong cho chng trnh cua ta: I(Process Input Image): Mien bo em cac d lieu cong vao

so. Trc khi bat au thc hien chng trnh, PLC se oc gia

tr logic cua tat ca cac cong au vao va cat gi chung trongvung nh I. Thong thng chng trnh ng dung khong octrc tiep trang thai logic cua cong vao so ma ch lay d lieucua cong vao t bo em I.

Q(Process Output Image): Mien bo em cac d lieu cong raso. Ket thuc giai oan thc hien chng trnh, PLC se chuyengia tr logic cua bo em Q ti cac cong ra so. Thong thngchng trnh khong trc tiep gan gia tr ti tan cong ra ma chchuyen chung vao bo em Q.


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M:Mien cac bien c. Chng trnh ng dung s dung vungnh nay e lu tr cac tham so can thiet va co the truy nhapno theo bit (M), byte (MB), t (MW), t kep (MD).

T (Timer): Mien nh phuc vu bo nh thi bao gom viec lutr cac gia tr thi gian at trc (PV-Preset Value), gia trem thi gian tc thi (CV-Current Value) cung nh gia trlogic au ra cua bo thi gian.

C(Counter): Mien nh phuc vu bo em bao gom viec lu trgia tr at trc (PV-Preset Value), gia tr em tc thi (CV-Current Value) va gia tr logic cua bo em.

PI (I/O External Input): Mien a ch cong vao cua cacmodule tng t. Cac gia tr tng t tai cong vao cua

module tng t se c module oc va chuyen t ong theonhng a ch.

PQ (I/O External Output): Mien a ch cong ra cua cacmodule tng t. Cac gia tr tng t tai cong ra cua moduletng t se c module oc va chuyen t ong theo nhnga ch.

Vung nh nap (load memory): (RAM trong CPU, cong themEEPROM co san trong CPU hoac the EEPROM gan them) la

vung nh cha chng trnh cua ta bao gom tat ca cac khoichng trnh ng dung OB, FB, FC, cac khoi chng trnh trongth vien he thong c s dung (SFB, SFC) va cac khoi d lieuDB. Toan bo cac khoi chng trnh va cac khoi d lieu namtrong RAM se b xoa khi tac ong xoa bo nh CPU memoryreset (MRES).

Vung nh lam viec(word memory): (RAM trong CPU) cha cacban sao cua cac phan t chng trnh ang c CPU thc thi.Nh cac khoi DB ang c m, khoi chng trnh (OB, FB, FC,SFB, SFB) ang c CPU thc hien va phan bo nh cap phatcho nhng tham so hnh thc e cac khoi chng trnh nay traooi tham tr vi he ieu hanh va vi cac khoi chng trnh khac(local block). Tai mot thi iem nhat nh vung work memorych cha mot khoi chng trnh duy nhat.

c.Tam a ch toi a cho cac vung nh: Vi I, Q, PI, DB, DI va L:


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Tam a ch toi a cho bit: 0.0 en 65535.7Tam a ch toi a cho byte: 0 en 65535Tam a ch toi a cho word: 0 en 65534

Tam a ch toi a cho double word: 0 en 65532

Vi bo nh bit M:Tam a ch toi a cho bit: 0.0 en 255.7Tam a ch toi a cho byte : 0 en 255Tam a ch toi a cho word: 0 en 254Tam a ch toi a cho double word: 0 en 252

3. Cau truc chng trnh.Ta phai luon luon lap trnh khoi OB 1 e cho PLC quet tuan hoan chng

trnh e thc thi.Co hai kieu lap trnh: lap trnh tuyen tnh va lap trnh co cau truc.

a.Lap trnh tuyen tnh (liner):Toan bo chng trnh ieu khien nam trong mot khoi trong bo nh. Loai

hnh cau truc tuyen tnh nay phu hp vi nhng bai toan t ong nho, khong

phc tap. Khoi c chon phai la khoi OB 1, la khoi ma CPU luon quet va thchien cac lenh trong no thng xuyen, t lenh au tien en lenh cuoi cung vaquay lai t lenh au tien.

b. Lap trnh co cau truc (structured) :Trong PLC Siemens S7 to chc theo cac khoi ma co the lap trnh c

vi tng nhiem vu rieng. Loai hnh cau truc nay phu hp vi nhng bai toanieu khien nhieu nhiem vu va phc tap. PLC S7-300 co 4 loai khoi c ban:

OB


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Khoi to chc OB(Oganization block) : Khoi to chc va quan lychng trnh ieu khien.

Khoi ham chc nang FB (Function block) : La loai khoi FCac biet co kha nang trao oi mot lng d lieu vi cac khoichng trnh khac. Cac d lieu nay phai c to chc thanh khoid lieu rieng co ten goi la Data block .

Khoi ham(Function) : Khoi chng trnh vi nhng chc nangrieng giong nh mot chng trnh con hoac mot ham.

Khoi d lieu(Data block) : Khoi cha cac d lieu can thiet ethc hien chng trnh. Cac tham so khoi do ta t at.

Ngoai ra con co cac khoi he thong nh : SFB, SFC, SDB.Toan bo cac khoi chng trnh con c quan ly mot cach thong nhat bi

khoi OB1. Chng trnh trong cac khoi c lien ket vi nhau bang cac lenh goikhoi, chuyen khoi. Tng nhiem vu ieu khien con co the c chia thanh nhngnhiem vu nho va cu the hn na, do o mot khoi chng trnh con cung co thec goi t mot khoi chng trnh con khac. Nhng tranh khong bao gi motkhoi chng trnh con lai goi en chnh no.

Khi thc hien lenh goi mot khoi con, he ieu hanh se: Chuyen khoi con c goi t vung load memory vao vung word

memory. Cap phat cho khoi con mot phan bo nh trong word memory e

lam local block. Cau truc local block c quy nh khi soan thaocac khoi.

Truyen cac tham tr t khoi me cho bien hnh thc IN, IN-OUT cualocal block.

Sau khi khoi con thc hien xong nhiem vu va ghi ket qua didang tham tr au ra cho bien OUT, IN-OUT cua local block, heieu hanh se chuyen cac tham tr nay cho khoi me va giai phongkhoi con cung local block ra khoi word memory.

OB FB FC SFB

FB FB SFC


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So cac lenh goi long nhau phu thuoc vao tng chung loai module CPUma ta s dung. Neu so lan goi khoi long nhau ma vt qua con so gii han chophep, PLC se t chuyen sang che o STOP va set c bao loi.

Ta co bang so sanh kha nang lap trnh cua cac PLC SIMATIC S7-300 nhsau: ( CPU 312 IFM ... CPU 315-2 DP)

Khoi CPU 312IFM

CPU 314 IFM CPU 313/314/315 CPU 315-2 DP

OB 3 13 13 14FB 32 128 128 128FC 32 128 128 128DB 63 127 127 127SFC 25 36 36 (CPU 315:37) 40SFB 2 7 - -

Bang 1.1: so sanh kha nang lap trnh cua cac PLC SIMATIC S7-300.

FB s dung cungvi DB

(instance)


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Chng 2: NNggoonnNNggLLaappTTrrnnhhSS77--330000

I. S DUNG CAC O NH VA CAU TRUC THANHGHI TRANG THAI.1.a ch o nh.a ch o nh gom phan ch va phan so.

a.Phan ch: ch v tr va kch thc o nh. M: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 bit. MB: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 1 byte. MW: ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 2

bytes. MD:ch o nh trong mien cac bien c co kch thc la 4 bytes. I: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 bit trong mien bo em cong vao

so. IB: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 byte trong mien bo em cong

vao so. IW: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 t trong mien bo em cong

vao so. ID: ch o nh co kch thc la 2 t trong mien bo em cong

vao so. Q: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 bit trong mien bo em cong ra

so. QB: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 byte trong mien bo em cong

ra so. QW: ch o nh co kch thc la 1 t trong mien bo em cong

ra so.


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QD: ch o nh co kch thc la 2 t trong mien bo em cong raso.

T: ch o nh trong mien nh cua bo thi gian Timer. C: ch o nh trong mien nh cua bo em Counter. PIB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte thuoc vung peripheral

input. PIW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t thuoc vung peripheral input. PID: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t thuoc vung peripheral input. PQB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte thuoc vung peripheral

output. PQW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t thuoc vung peripheral

output. PQD: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t thuoc vung peripheral

output. DBX: ch o nh co kch thc 1 bit trong khoi d lieu DB. DBB: ch o nh co kch thc 1 byte trong khoi d lieu DB. DBW: ch o nh co kch thc 1 t trong khoi d lieu DB. DBD: ch o nh co kch thc 2 t trong khoi d lieu DB.

b.Phan so:Ch a ch cua byte hoac bit trong mien nh a xac nh.Neu o nh a c xac nh thong qua phan ch la co kch thc 1 bit th

phan so se gom a ch cua byte va so th t cua bit trong byte o c tach vinhau bang dau cham.

V du: I 1.3M 100.5Q 124.7

Neu o nh a c xac nh la 1 byte, t hoac t kep th phan so se laa ch byte au tien trong mang byte cua o nh o.

V du: DIB 15MD 46

2.Cau truc thanh ghi trang thai.Khi thc hien lenh , CPU se ghi nhan lai trang thai cua phep tnh trung gian

cung nh cua ket qua vao mot thanh ghi ac biet goi la thanh ghi trang thai(status word). Cau truc cua thanh ghi trang thai:

215... ...29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20


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BR CC1 CC0 OV OS OR STA RLO /FC

Bit /FC (first check)

Bit 0 cua thanh ghi trang thai c goi la bit kiem tra au tien (/FC). Moilenh kiem tra trang thai tn hieu cua /FC cung nh trang thai tn hieu cua toanhang. Neu bit /FC =0, lenh cat ket qua kiem tra trang thai tn hieu vao bit RLOva at bit /FC len 1. Qua trnh nay c goi la kiem tra au tien (first check) hayquet lan th nhat (first scan).

Neu bit /FC =1 th lenh ket hp ket qua do mc cua toan hang hien taivi RLO trc o e tao ra RLO mi.

Chuoi lenh logic luon luon ket thuc bang lenh xuat (S,R hay =), lenhnhay lien he vi RLO, hoac mot trong cac lenh long nh A(, O(, X(, AN(, XN(;

cac lenh nay reset bit /FC ve 0.

RLO (Result of Logic Operation): ket qua cua phep toan logic.Bit 1 cua STW c goi la RLO, bit nay cha ket qua cua lenh logic tren

bit hoac so sanh so hoc.Ta co the at RLO khong ieu kien len 1 bang lenh SET va xoa RLO

khong ieu kien ve 0 bang lenh CLR. Bit RLO cung co lien quan en cac lenhnhay co ieu kien.

Hnh1.1: hieu ng cua trang thai tn hieu bit /FC tren cac lenh logic.

Bit STA (status)Bit STA cha gia tr cua bit ma ta ang tham chieu. Trang thai cua lenh

bit ma truy cap oc bo nh (A, AN, O, ON, X, XN) luon luon bang gia tr cua bit


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ma lenh nay kiem tra (do mc). Trang thai cua lenh bit ghi vao bo nh (S, R, =)bang gia tr cua bit ma lenh ghi vao; neu khong co xay ra ghi th no bang gia trcua bit no tham chieu. Bit STA khong co y ngha vi cac lenh bit ma khong truy

cap bo nh, cac lenh nh vay at bit STA len 1. Bit nay khong b kiem tra bilenh, no ch c dien dch khi th chng trnh.

Bit ORBit can co khi s dung lenh O e thc hien AND-trc -OR. Ham AND

cha cac lenh sau: A, AN, A(, AN(, ) va NOT. Bit OR cho thay cac lenh ma ham

AND c thc thi trc o a cho gia tr 1. Bat c lenh x ly bit khac reset bitOR.

Bit OV (Overflow)Bit OV co chc nang bao loi. No c at len 1 bang lenh toan hoc hay

lenh so sanh dau cham ong sau khi loi xay ra (tran, phep toan khong hp le, sodau cham ong khong hp le). Bit nay c at theo ket qua cua lenh toan hocke hay lenh so sanh ke.

Bit OS (stored overflow bit)Bit OS c at cung vi bit OV khi co loi xay ra. Bi v bit OS van gila 1 sau khi a kh loi, no cha trang thai bit OV va cho thay co loi hay khongco loi xay ra mot trong cac lenh c thc thi trc o. Cac lenh sau reset bitOS: JOS (jump after stored overflow), cac lenh goi khoi, va cac lenh ket thuckhoi.

Ma ieu kien CC1 va CC0CC1 CC0 Giai thch

0 0 Ket qua =00 1 Ket qua 0

Bang 1.2: CC1 va CC0 sau lenh toan hoc, khong co tran.

CC1 CC0 Giai thch

0 0 Tran dai tr am trong +I va +D


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0 1 Tran dai tr am trong *I va *DTran dai tr dng trong +I, -I, +D, -D, NEGI va NEGD

1 0 Tran dai tr dng trong *I, *D, /I va /D

Tran dai tr am trong +I, -I, +D, -D1 1 Chia cho 0 trong /I, /D, va MOD

Bang 1.3: CC1 va CC0 sau lenh toan hoc so nguyen, co tran.

CC1 CC0 Giai thch0 0 Tran di

0 1 Tran dai tr am1 0 Tran dai tr dng1 1 So dau cham ong khong hp le

Bang 1.4: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh toan hoc dau cham ong, co tran .

CC1 CC0 Giai thch0 0 ACCU 2 =ACCU 1

0 1 ACCU 2 ACCU 11 1 ACCU 1 hay ACCU 2 la so dau cham ong khong hp le

Bang 1.5: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh so sanh.

CC1 CC0 Giai thch0 0 Bit va dch ra la 0

1 0 Bit va dch ra la 1Bang 1.6: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh dch va xoay .

CC1 CC0 Giai thch0 0 Ket qua = 01 0 Ket qua 0

Bang 1.7: CC1 va CC0 sau cac lenh logic tren word.


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Bit BR (Binary Result)Bit BR tao lien ket gia x ly cac bit va cac word. ay la phng tien

hu hieu e dien dch ket qua cua phep toan tren word nh ket qua nh phan vaa ket qua nay vao chuoi logic nh phan. Vi cach nhn nay, bit BR bieu dienbit bo nh ben trong may ma RLO cat vao trc khi mot phep toan word lamthay oi RLO, e cho RLO kha dung lan na sau khi phep toan tiep tuc chuoilogic bit b ngat.

Bit BR tng ng vi ngo ra cho phep (ENO = enable output) cua hopLAD. Ta nen s dung lenh SAVE e cat RLO vao bit BR theo cac tieu chuansau:

Cat bit RLO =1 vao bit BR cho trng hp ma FB hay FC cthc thi khong co loi.

Cat bit RLO =0 vao bit BR cho trng hp ma FB hay FC cthc thi co loi.

Ta nen lap trnh cac lenh nay cuoi FB hay FC e chung la cac lenhcuoi cung c thc thi trong khoi.

II. CAC LENH VA PHEP TOAN.1.Lenh nap chuyen.Cac lenh nay dung e trao oi thong tin bang byte, word hay double word

gia cac module nhap va xuat, PII va PIQ, bo nh thi, bo em va c, cac khoid lieu (DB).

D lieu thng khong c trao oi trc tiep ma luon luon thong quathanh ghi tch luy ACCU. No la thanh ghi trong bo x ly va c dung nh boem (buffer).

Dong i thong tin nh sau: Nap (LOAD) t bo nh nguon vao ACCU. Chuyen (TRANSFER) t ACCU en bo nh ch.

Trong PLC co 2 thanh ghi: ACCU1 va ACCU2, moi thanh ghi co chieudai 2 word.

Chu y: Load va Transfer trc tiep khong qua PII va PIQ:

L PIBT PQW

Vi P la viet tat cua Peripheral (ngoai vi).


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Cac lenh Load va Transfer trc tiep ch co the lap trnh bang dangSTL (ngoai tr cac toan hang cua Timer, Counter va cac lenh sosanh).

2.Cac lenh tac ong vao RLO va o nh. SET: lenh ghi logic 1 vao RLO. CLR: lenh ghi logic 0 vao RLO. NOT: lenh ao gia tr cua RLO. S: lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 1 vao o nh. R: lenh gan co ieu kien gia tr logic 0 vao o nh. FP :lenh phat hien sn len.

Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien ce ghi nhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cua vongquet trc. Tai moi vong quet lenh se kiem tra: neu toan hang co gia tr 0 vaRLO co gia tr 1 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khac th ghi 0, ong thichuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trongmot vong quet khi co sn len trong RLO.

FN : lenh phat hien sn xuong.Toan hang la a ch bit I, Q, M, L, D va c s dung nh mot bien c

e ghi nhan lai gia tr cua RLO tai v tr nay trong chng trnh, nhng cua vongquet trc. Tai moi vong quet lenh se kiem tra: neu toan hang co gia tr 1 vaRLO co gia tr 0 th se ghi 1 vao RLO, cac trng hp khac th ghi 0, ong thichuyen noi dung cua RLO vao lai bien c. Nh vay RLO se co gia tr 1 trongmot vong quet khi co sn len trong RLO.

SAVE : lenh chuyen gia tr cua RLO vao BR. Va mot so phep tnh c ban.

3.Cac lenh tac ong vao 2 thanh ghi ACCU1 vaACCU2.a.Nhom lenh ao v tr bytes:

POP: lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU2 vao ACCU1. PUSH: lenh chuyen noi dung cua ACCU1 vao ACCU2. TAK: lenh ao noi dung cua 2 thanh ghi ACCU1 va ACCU2. CAW: lenh ao noi dung 2 bytes cua t thap trong ACCU1. CAD: lenh ao noi dung cac bytes trong ACCU1.


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INVI: lenh ao gia tr cac bits trong t thap cua ACCU1 INVD: lenh ao gia tr cac bits cua ACCU1.

b.Nhom lenh tang giam : INC : lenh tang noi dung thanh ghi ACCU1.

Toan hang la so nguyen 8 bits. Lenh thc hien phep cong gia byte thapcua t thap trong ACCU1 vi toan hang. Ket qua c ghi lai vao byte thap cuat thap cua ACCU1.

DEC : lenh giam noi dung thanh ghi ACCU1.Toan hang la so nguyen 8 bits. Lenh thc hien phep tr byte thap cua t

thap trong ACCU1 cho toan hang. Ket qua c ghi lai vao byte thap cua tthap cua ACCU1.

c.Nhom lenh dch chuyen: RLD [n]: lenh xoay tron cac bits cua ACCU1 theo chieu trai. RRD [n]: lenh xoay tron cac bits cua ACCU1 theo chieu

phai.

Lenh co the co hoac khong co toan hang. Neu toan hang bang 0 th lenh

tng ng vi lenh NOP.

RLDA: lenh xoay tron ACCU1 theo chieu trai 1 bit. RRDA : lenh xoay tron ACCU1 theo chieu phai 1 bit.

Bang 1.8: tom tat cac lenh xoay bit.


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Hnh 1.2: xoay ACCU1 qua trai 3 bit.

Th du: xoay phai word kep.L +3L MD10RRDT MD20

Hnh 1.3: xoay ACCU1 phai 3 bit.


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Hnh 1.4: xoay trai 1 bit qua CC1.

SLW []: dch trai cac bits trong t thap cuaACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 15 ay vao CC1.

SLD []: dch trai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0c ghi 0, bit 31 ay vao CC1.

SRW []: dch phai cac bits trong t thap cuaACCU1. Bit 0 c ghi 0, bit 15 ay vao CC1.

SRD []: dch phai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0c ghi 0, bit 31 ay vao CC1.

SSI []: dch phai cac bits trong t thap cuaACCU1. Bit 0 ay vao CC1, bit 15 ghi lai gia tr cu.

SSD []: dch phai cac bits cua ACCU1. Bit 0ay vao CC1, bit 31 ghi lai gia tr cu.

d.Nhom lenh chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen:Bang sau tom tat cac lenh chuyen oi BCD va so nguyen (dang STL):

Lenh Y ngha Chc nangBTI BCD sang so

nguyenoi so BCD trong word thap cua ACCU1 sang songuyen 16 bits

BTD BCD sang songuyen kep

oi so BCD trong ACCU1 sang so nguyen kep 32bits

ITB So nguyen sangBCD

oi so nguyen 16 bits trong word thap cuaACCU1 sang so BCD

ITD So nguyen sang

so nguyen kep

oi so nguyen 16 bits trong word thap cua

ACCU1 sang so nguyen kep 32 bits


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DTB So nguyen kepsang BCD

oi so nguyen kep 32 bits trong ACCU1 sang soBCD

DTR So nguyen kep

sang so thc

oi so nguyen kep 32 bits trong ACCU1 sang so

dau cham ong IEEE 32 bits (so thc)

Bang 1.9: chuyen oi so BCD va so nguyen.

e.Nhom lenh chuyen oi so dau cham ong 32 bits sang songuyen 32 bits:

Ta co the s dung bat ky mot trong cac lenh sau e chuyen oi so daucham ong IEEE 32 bits trong thanh ghi ACCU1 thanh so nguyen kep (cac lenh

khac nhau ve cach lam tron) va ket qua c cat ACCU1.

Lenh Y ngha Chc nangRND Lam tron Lam tron so c chuyen oi en so nguyen

gan nhat. Neu phan phan so gia ket quachan va le th se chon ket qua chan

RND+ Lam tron thanh songuyen kep ln hn

Lam tron thanh so nguyen nho nhat ma lnhn hay bang so cham ong

RND- Lam tron thanh songuyen kep nho hn Lam tron thanh so nguyen ln nhat ma nhohn hay bang so cham ongTRUNC Bo phan le Ch lay phan nguyen cua so cham ong

Bang 1.10: chuyen oi so dau cham ong 32 bits sang so ngyen 32 bits.

Hnh 1.5: tom tat cac lenh chuyen oi va lam tron.

f.Nhom lenh so sanh:Dung e so sanh cac cap gia tr so sau:


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Hai so nguyen 16 bits. Hai so nguyen kep (32 bits). Hai so thc (dau cham ong IEEE 32 bits).

CPU se so sanh gia tr so ACCU1, neu ket qua ung no se tra veRLO=1, neu sai th RLO=0.Vi so nguyen 16 bits th no da tren so sanh word thap cua ACCU2 vi

word thap cua ACCU1.Dang lenh so sanh nh sau:

op datatypevi op(operator = toan t) co the la:

So sanh op

Bang nhau ==Khong bang Ln hn >Nho hn =Nho hn hoac bang ACCU1 1 0 JN, JPACCU2=ACCU1 1/0 0/0 JPZ

ACCU2


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Vi so nguyen kep 32 bits: co cac lenh thc hien cong (+D),tr (-D), nhan (*D), chia (/D). Lay ACCU2 +,-,*,/ vi ACCU1,ket qua lai vao ACCU1.

Vi so thc: co cac lenh thc hien cong (+R), tr (-R), nhan(*R), chia (/R). Lay ACCU2 +,-,*,/ vi ACCU1, ket qua lai vaoACCU1.

Cac lenh toan hoc m rong tren so thc:Tat ca cac lenh sau eu thc hien phep toan vi oi so vao ACCU1 va

ket qua cat ACCU1. ABS: lay tr tuyet oi. SQRT: tnh can bac hai (square root) x1/2 SQR: tnh bnh phng (square) x2 LN:tnh logarithm t nhien ln(x) EXP: tnh ham mu ex SIN: tnh sin(x) COS: tnh cos(x) TAN:tnh tg(x) ASIN:tnh arcsin(x) ACOS: tnh arccos(x) ATAN: tnh atctg(x)

4.Cac lenh ieu khien logic va ieu khien chng trnh.a.Cac lenh ieu khien logic:

Ta co the s dung cac lenh jump (bat au bang J) va loop e ieu khienre nhanh trong mot khoi chng trnh. a ch cho lenh jump va loop la nhannhay en trong chng trnh (label).

Co cac lenh ieu khien logic sau: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien: JU, JL. Lenh nhay co ieu kien theo RLO: JC, JCN, JCB, JNB. Lenh nhay co ieu kien theo BR hoac OV/OS: JBI, JNBI, JO,

JOS. Lenh nhay theo ma ieu kien CC0, CC1: JZ,JN, JP, JM, JMZ,

JPZ, JUO. Lenh ieu khien lap vong: LOOP.


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Nhan nhay en trong khoi chng trnh e anh dau nen chuyen ieukhien logic ti (ni re nhanh en). No co chieu dai toi a la 4 ky t, va ky tau phai la ch, sau no phai co dau hai cham.

Cac lenh nhay khong ieu kien: Lenh nhay khong ieu kien JU: lenh nay ngat luong ieu

khien bnh thng va nhay en nhan c ch sau JU. Lenhnay c thc hien bat chap ieu kien nao.

Lenh nhay theo danh sach JL: (giong lenh case hayswitch trong cac ngon ng lap trnh khac).

Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da vao RLO: JC nhan: nhay en nhan neu RLO=1 con ngc lai th thc

hien lenh ke. JCN nhan: nhay en nhan neu RLO=0 con ngc lai th

thc hien lenh ke. JCB nhan: neu RLO=1 th gan tr RLO vao BR va nhay

en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. JNB nhan: neu RLO=0 th gan tr RLO vao BR va nhay

en nhan, con ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke.

Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da theo BR hay OV/ OS:Theo ieu kien cua BR:

JBI nhan: neu BR=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai ththc hien lenh ke.

JNBI nhan: neu BR=0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai ththc hien lenh ke.Chu y:cac lenh JBI va JNBI reset cac bit OR va FC trongSTW ve 0 va set bit STA len 1.

Theo ieu kien OV:

JO nhan: neu OV=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai ththc hien lenh ke.

Theo ieu kien OS:

JOS nhan: neu OV=1 th nhay en nhan, con ngc lai ththc hien lenh ke.Lenh nay reset bit OS ve 0.


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Cac lenh nhay co ieu kien da theo CC1 va CC0:Dang lenh: J nhanVi cac ieu-kien la :

Z(zero): neu ket qua la 0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc laith thc hien lenh ke. N(not zero): neu ket qua la khac 0 th nhay en nhan, con

ngc lai th thc hien lenh ke. P (positive): neu ket qua >0 th nhay en nhan, con ngc

lai th thc hien lenh ke. M (minus = negative): neu ket qua


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Tham so hnh thc (formal parameter): la tham so ma ten va kieu dlieu cua no c gan va khai bao khi tao khoi. Sau o khi viet chng trnh thSTEP7 t ong liet ke tat ca cac tham so hnh thc.

Khi o ta phai gan cac tham so that (actual parameter) cho cac thamso hnh thc. Tham so that la tham so la ham va khoi ham s dung trong lucchay chng trnh. Tham so that phai co cung kieu d lieu vi tham so hnh thctng ng gan cho no.

Goi ham va khoi ham bang CALL:Ta co the s dung lenh CALL e goi cac ham (FC) va khoi ham (FB),

lenh nay goi FC hay FB do ta ch ra va c thc thi bat chap RLO hay bat ky

ieu kien nao khac.Khi ta goi khoi ham FB th ta phai cung cap khoi d lieu instance cuc bo.Khoi d lieu instance cha tat ca cac bien tnh va cac tham so that cua khoiham.

Khi ta goi khoi ham th lenh CALL chep lai mot trong cac muc sau vaokhoi d lieu instance cua khoi ham, phu thuoc vao kieu d lieu cua tham so thatva vao khai bao cua tham so hnh thc (IN, OUT, IN-OUT):

Gia tr cua tham so that. Pointer ch en a ch cua tham so that. Pointer ch en L stack cua khoi goi ma o gia tr cua thamso that a c em.

Goi FB vi DB instance va cac tham so khoi:Viec goi co the xay ra mot khi cac chi tiet sau a c a vao luc

CALL: Ten cua khoi ham. Ten cua khoi d lieu instance va Cac tham so.

Lenh goi s dung a ch tuyet oi hoac a ch ky hieu.Goi tuyet oi: CALL FBx, Dby (cac tham so truyen);Goi bang ky hieu: CALL fbname, datablockname (pass parameters);Vi fbname= ten ky hieu cua khoi

datablockname= ten ky hieu cua khoi d lieu

Goi ham va khoi ham bang CC va UC:Dang lenh: CC addr(conditional call: goi khi RLO=1)

UC addr(unconditional call: goi bat chap RLO)

Chu y: khong c s dung DB instance vi CC va UC.


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Addr co the la a ch trc tiep hay la a ch gian tiep bo nh (memoryindirect address).

Lam viec vi chc nang MCR:MCR dung e tao hay ngat luong nang lng (ng dan ien). Cac lenh

sau b anh hng bi MCR la: lenh gan (=), lenh SET va RESET bit (S, R) valenh chuyen d lieu T (dung byte, word, double word). S phu thuoc cua chungtheo MCR c cho theo bang 1.12.

Trang thai tn hieucua MCR

= S hay R T

0 Ghi 0 Khong ghi (ngha

la toan hangkhong oi)

Ghi 0

1 Thc thi bnhthng

Thc thi bnhthng

Thc thi bnhthng

Bang 1.12: cac lenh phu thuoc MCR.

Cac lenh cai at MCR MCRA: kch hoat vung MRC (A= Activate) MCRD: bo kch hoat vung MCR (D= Deactivate) MCR(: cat RLO vao ngan xep MCR, bat au vung MCR )MCR: lay lai RLO, ket thuc vung MCR

Chu y: khong bao gi s dung lenh MCR cho thiet b an toan hay capcu!

Anh hng cua MCRA va MCRDTrong vung MCR neu goi 1 ham th ham o khong b anh hng cua

vung MCR, muon ham co vung MCR th ta phai tao them. Hnh 1.6 cho thay anhhng cua vung MCR.

Cai at MCRCac lenh sau bat hay tat chc nang MCR:

Cat RLO trong ngan xep MCR, bat au MCR: MCR( Lay lai RLO< ket thuc MCR: )MCR

Nh vay, ta phai luon luon co cap MCR( va )MCR; he thong cho pheplong cac cap MCR( va )MCR va toi a la 8.


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Hnh 1.6: kch hoat va bo kch hoat vung MCR.

Cac lenh ket thuc khoi BEU va BECLenh Y nghaBE Ket thuc khoi (block end).

Khoi hien hanh c ket thuc bat chap RLO.Quet chng trnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi.BE luon luon la phat bieu cuoi cung trong khoi.

BEU Ket thuc khoi khong ieu kien (unconditional).Khoi hien hanh c ket thuc bat chap RLO.

Quet chng trnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi.


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BEC Ket thuc khoi co ieu kien conditional).Khi RLO=1 th khoi hien hanh c ket thuc va quet chngtrnh c tiep tuc lenh ngay sau lenh goi khoi.

Khi RLO=0 th khong thc hien ket thuc khoi va cho RLO=1sau o thc hien lenh ke lenh nay.

Bang 1.13: tom tat cac lenh ket thuc khoi.

5.Bo nh thi Timer.a.Chc nang Timer:

Cac cong viec can ieu khien can nhieu chc nang Timer khac nhau.PLC SIMATIC S7 cho ngi s dung mot so timer vi cac chc nang khac nhau.Mot word 16 bits (timer word) trong vung d lieu he thong c gan cho mottrong cac timer.

Timer tao nen mot chc nang phc tap vi cac ngo vao va ngo ra sau:

Ngo vao Start: timer c bat au vi s thay oi tn hieu t0 len 1 (RLO) ngo vao Start cua no. Thi gian va hoatong cua timer phai c lap trnh ngay sau hoat ong quetieu kien bat au.

Ngo vao Reset: tn hieu ngo vao Reset (RLO=1) lam dngtimer. Thi gian hien hanh c at ve 0 va ngo ra Q cua timerb xoa ve 0.

Cac ngo ra so: gia tr thi gian that s co the oc c t haingo ra so BI (so nh phan) va BCD (so thap phan).

Ngo ra nh phan: trang thai tn hieu cua ngo ra nh phan Q cuatimer phu thuoc vao chc nang timer c lap trnh.

Thi gian tre c khai bao vi timer bang mot gia tr 16 bits gom 2thanh phan:

o phan giai vi n v la ms. Mot so nguyen (BCD) trong khoang 0 en 999, goi la PV.

Vay, thi gian tre =o phan giai* PV.

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0


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Hnh 1.8: gian o xung cho timer SD.

Timer SS ( Retentive on delay timer): tre theo sn len conh.

Hnh1.9: gian o xung cho timer SS.

Timer SP(Pulse timer): timer tao xung khong co nh.


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Hnh 1.10: gian o xung cho timer SP.

Timer SE(Extended pulse timer): timer tao xung co nh.

Hnh 1.11: gian o xung cho timer SE.

Timer SF(Off delay): timer tre theo sn xuong.


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Hnh 1.14: nap gia tr counter vao ACCU1 dung lenh LC.

b.V du minh hoa:

Hnh 1.15: v du ve cac lenh Counter.


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Chng 3: TThhccTThhiiCChhnnggTTrrnnhh

I. HOAT ONG CUA CPU.1.Cac vung nh CPU.

CPU S7-300 co 3 vung nh c ban: Vung nh he thong. Vung nh nap . Vung nh lam viec.

Bo nh lam viec cua CPU cung cung cap bo nh tam (bo nh d lieu cucbo hoac L stack) ma c cap phat cho chng trnh khi mot khoi con c goi.Khi khoi o con tch cc, th bo nh cuc bo con c duy tr, ta co the ghi dlieu vao L stack (thay v vao DB hay bo nh bit). D lieu nay ch hp le khikhoi o ang tch cc; khi mot khoi mi c goi th L stack c cap phat lai.

Hnh 1.16: cac vung nh trong cac CPU cua PLC S7-300.

Ngoai ra, CPU con s dung cac thanh phan sau e x ly chng trnh:

Hai thanh ghi tch luy 32 bits (ACCU1 va ACCU2) dung e lamcac toan hang trong cac lenh nap, chuyen, so hoc va dch.


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Hai thanh ghi a ch 32 bits (AR1 va AR2) c dung lam pointere nh a ch gian tiep thanh ghi.

Hai thanh ghi khoi d lieu 32 bits (DB va DI) cha a ch cua DBang c m (tch cc). Moi lan ta co the m 2 DB: mot lam khoid lieu DB va mot lam khoi d lieu DI.

T trang thai 16 bits (STW) cha trang thai cua cac lenh khi thcthi trong chng trnh nh RLO,OV (overflow), OS (overflowstored), CC1 va CC0 (CC=condition code) va BR (binary result).

2.Cat chng trnh vao CPU.Cac phan t cua chng trnh:

Chng trnh gom cac phan t sau: Cac khoi logic: cha cac lenh, ky hieu va chu thch. Cac khoi d lieu: cha d lieu, ky hieu va chu thch.

STEP7 lu tr cac phan t nay trong cac oi tng khac nhau trong cautruc file tren a cng cua thiet b lap trnh.

Tai xuong (download) cac thanh phan chng trnh:Khi ta download chng trnh, ch co cac lenh, d lieu va thong tin can equan ly va e bien dch lai c chep vao vung nh nap trong CPU (xem hnh

1.16).

CPU chep chng trnh (lenh va d lieu) t bo nh nap vao bo nh lamviec. Viec nay c thc hien khi ta tai chng trnh xuong CPU va (trongtrng hp ma chng trnh cua ta c cat vao EEPROM cua bo nh nap) saukhi reset bo nh (MRES). Cac phan t cua chng trnh ma khong can e chaychng trnh van gi trong bo nh nap; cac DB c tao bi chng trnh

(bang cach dung SFC) c cat vao ch bo nh lam viec. T bo nh lam viec,chng trnh cua ta truy cap cac vung nh khac.

3.nh ngha cac vung nh gi (retentive).Khi mat nguon ien hoac reset bo nh (MRES), bo nh CPU (bo nh

nap, bo nh lam viec va bo nh he thong ong), tat ca d lieu cat trong vungnay b mat. Cac CPU S7 cho phep s dung cac cach sau e gi chng trnh vad lieu cua no:


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Ta co the gi chng trnh bang cach dung EEPROM (dung the bonh hoac co san trong CPU [tuy CPU]).

Ta co the gi d lieu cu the trong vung RAM khong boc hi (non-volatile).

Ta co the gi tat ca cac d lieu c cat trong bo nh nap, bo nhlam viec va cac phan cua bo nh he thong bang cach s dung pinbackup.

Hnh 1.17: nap chng trnh vao bo nh CPU.

a.S dung RAM khong boc hi:CPU S7 cung cap vung RAM khong boc hi (xem hnh 1.18).


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Hnh 1.18: vung nh khong boc hi.Neu ta a cat chng trnh trong EEPROM cho bo nh nap, ta cung co

the gi mot so d lieu (khi mat nguon hoac khi CPU t STOP sang RUN) bangcach at cau hnh lng d lieu sau se c cat trong vung RAM khong boc hi:

Thong tin c cat vao DB (ch hu dung neu ta cung a catchng trnh vao EEPROM cua bo nh nap).

Cac gia tr cua timer va counter. Thong tin c cat bo nh bit.

b.at cau hnh d lieu cat trong RAM:Ta ch ra cac vung nh gi retentive khi ta at cau hnh CPU va I/O(dung ng dung S7 Configuration trong phan mem STEP7).Bang sau cho thay lng bo nh ma co the c at cau hnh trong vung

RAM khong boc hi. Ta khong the gi nhieu hn lng d lieu cho CPU cu the.

Vung nh So lng Mac nhien Mo taBo nh bit 0 en 256 16 So byte cua nh bit c giTimer 0 en 128 0 So timer c giCounter 0 en 64 8 So counter c gi

So DB 0 en 127 1 Ta xac nh so lng vung DB (ma cothe mot phan cua DB) c gi vacung cap 3 word sau (byte) cho moi DBc gi:

Word 1: DB so may (1 en 127). Word 2: a ch offset cua DB (0

en 8191). Word 3: chieu dai vung trong

DB cu the c gi (0 en

65535 bytes).

Bang 1.14: cac vung nh gi (vi CPU 314).

c.S dung pin backup e gi d lieu:Vi pin backup, bo nh nap va bo nh lam viec c gi khi b mat

nguon . No cat cac chng trnh cua ta (cac OB, FB, FC va DB). Neu ta at cauhnh bat c timer nao, counter nao hoac bo nh bit trong RAM khong boc hi th

thong tin nay cung c gi.


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che o STOP, CPU nap cau hnh, at I/O vat ly vao trangthai ban au c nh ngha trc, va khong thc thi chng

trnh ngi s dung. che o START UP, CPU thc hien cac tac vu sau:

Thc thi khi ong lai ay u (s dung OB100) (Completerestart):

- Xoa i cac phan khong gi cua bo nh bit, bo nhtimer, va bo nh counter; xoa cac ngan xep ngat vangan xep khoi; bo tat ca cac bao ong qua trnh lutr va bao ong chan oan; va (oi vi khi ong laiay u) xay dng cac danh sach a ch va cac bang

anh I/O.- Nap cac tham so module vao cac module.

oc cau hnh I/O va so sanh trang thai that cua I/O vat lyvi cac trang thai mong muon.

che o RUN, CPU thc thi chng trnh ngi s dung , capnhat I/O, x ly bat c bao ong nao, va thc hien bat c tac vux ly loi nao.

che o HOLD, thc thi chng trnh b dng va ta co thekiem tra chng trnh ngi s dung tng bc. Ch co the coche o HOLD khi ta ang kiem tra bang thiet b lap trnh.

Trong tat ca cac che o nay, CPU co the truyen thong bang giao tiep MPI

Hnh 1.20: thay oi che o hoat ong cua CPU.

c.Cac che o hoat ong khac:Neu CPU khong san sang hoat ong th no mot trong cac che o sau:


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OFF, nguon ien b mat hay b tat. H hong, ngha la co loi. e kiem tra xem thc s co phai b

h hay khong th chuyen CPU sang STOP va tat nguon ien

va roi m lai lan na. Neu CPU khi ong th oc cac vungnh dung cho chan oan, neu khong khi ong c th co lephai thay the PLC khac.

Tham khao Mo ta1 Khi nguon ien c a vao CPU, CPU che o STOP.2 Khi cong tac (hoac thiet b lap trnh) chon RUN hay RUN-P,

CPU vao che o START UP.3 Chuyen ve che o STOP khi :

Phat hien co loi trong khi khi ong. CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet b

lap trnh). Lenh STOP c thc thi trong OB khi ong. Lenh truyen thong STOP c thc thi.

4 CPU chuyen sang che o HOLD khi en iem ngat trongchng trnh khi ong.

5 CPU chuyen sang che o START UP khi iem ngat trongchng trnh khi ong a c at va lenh EXIT HOLD a

c thc thi.6 CPU tr ve che o STOP khi:

CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet blap trnh).

Lenh truyen thong (t xa) STOP c thc thi .7 Neu khi ong thanh cong th CPU chuyen sang RUN.8 CPU chuyen sang lai che o STOP khi:

Phat hien bat c loi nao trong che o RUN va OBtng ng khong c nap.

CPU b oi sang STOP bang cong tac (hoac thiet blap trnh).

Lenh STOP c thc thi trong OB khi ong. Lenh truyen thong STOP c thc thi.

9 CPU chuyen sang che o HOLD khi en iem ngat trongchng trnh khi ong.

10 CPU chuyen sang che o RUN khi iem ngat a c atva lenh EXIT HOLD a c thc thi.


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Bang 1.15: thay oi cac che o hoat ong (mo ta cac iem trong hnh 1.20).

II. CAC KHOI LOGIC.STEP7 cho cac khoi khac nhau e cha chng trnh va d lieu ma

chng trnh s dung. Da vao yeu cau cua mnh ma ta co the cau truc chngtrnh bang cac khoi logic (cac khoi to chc, khoi ham va ham).

1.Cac khoi to chc OB.Cac khoi to chc OB la giao tiep gia CPU S7 va chng trnh. Ta co the

cat toan bo chng trnh vao OB1, ma lap lai lien tuc, hoac ta co the cat chngtrnh trong cac khoi logic khac va s dung OB1 e goi cac khoi nay luc thch

hp. Ngoai OB1, he ieu hanh co the goi cac OB khac e ap ng cac s kiencu the.

Moi CPU S7 cha mot bo cac OB (moi CPU khac nhau) ma ta co the laptrnh. Cac OB khac nhau thc hien cac chc nang nhat nh:

OB1: lap vong chng trnh chnh (lap vong lien tuc). OB10 (Time of Day Interrupt): ngat thi gian trong ngay, bat au

chay thi iem (c lap trnh nhat nh) ac biet.

OB20 (Time Delay Interrupt): ngat tr hoan, chng trnh trongkhoi nay c thc hien sau mot khoang thi gian delay co nh. OB35 (Cyclic Interrupt): ngat tuan hoan, lap lai sau khoang thi

gian cach eu nhau c nh trc (1ms en 1 phut). OB40 (Hardware Interrupt): ngat cng, chay khi phat hien co loi

trong module ngoai vi. OB80 (Cycle Time Fault): loi thi gian chu trnh, thc hien khi

thi gian vong quet vt qua thi gian cc ai a nh . OB81(Power Supply Fault): thc hien khi CPU phat hien thay co

loi nguon nuoi. OB82(Diagnostic Interrupt): chng trnh trong khoi nay c goi

khi CPU phat hien co s co t module I/O m rong. OB85(Not Load Fault): c goi khi CPU thay chng trnh ng

dung co s dung che o ngat nhng chng trnh x ly tn hieungat lai khong co trong khoi OB tng ng.

OB87(Communication Fault): thc hien khi co loi truyen thong. OB100 (Start Up Information): thc hien mot lan khi CPU chuyen

trang thai t STOP sang RUN.


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OB101 (Cold Start Up Information_ch co CPU S7-400): thchien mot lan khi cong tac nguon cua CPU chuyen trang thai tOFF sang ON.

OB121 ( Synchronous Error): c goi khi co loi logic trongchng trnh. OB122 (Synchronous Error): c goi khi co loi module trong

chng trnh.

He ieu hanh ghi thong tin cu the vao 20 bytes au cua cac bien tam(temp) vi moi OB. STEP7 cung cap cac bien tam nay trong bang khai bao biencho OB. Chng trnh co the oc thong tin nay e ap ng cac s kien khacnhau trong CPU. Ta co the oi ten cac bien tam nay neu ta muon, nhung khong

nen ghi bat c d lieu nao vao cac bien tam nay: STEP7 ghi vao cac bien naymoi lan OB bat au chay, va bat c d lieu nao ma ta cat o se b mat. Ta cothe them cac bien khac cho OB sau 20 bytes au nay.

Bang 1.16: local block cua khoi OB10.


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Bang 1.20:local block cua khoi OB80.



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2.Cac ham va cac khoi ham.Ta co the e toan bo chng trnh trong OB1. Nhng e co the viet

chng trnh c dai hn va co cau truc, ta s dung cac khoi logic. STEP7 chothem 2 loai khoi logic:

Khoi ham FB (function block): la khoi logic ma co vung nh kethp vi no. FB can co them bo nh dang khoi d lieu tnh huonginstance. Cac tham so ma a vao FB va mot so d lieu cuc bo(cac bien tnh) c cat trong DB tnh huong; d lieu cuc bokhac (cac bien tam) c cat trong L stack. D lieu cat trong DBtnh huong c gi nguyen khi FB hoan tat thc thi; d lieu trongL stack khong c gi lai khi FB hoan tat.

Ham (FC): la khoi logic ma khong co vung nh ket hp: FC khongcan DB tnh huong. Cac bien cuc bo cua FC c cat trong Lstack; nhng d lieu nay khong c gi lai khi FC hoan tat thcthi.

3.Cac khoi he thong.CPU S7 cho cac khoi c nh ngha :

Khoi ham he thong SFB (System function block): la khoi hamc tch hp trong CPU S7. Ta co the goi SFB t chng trnh; vnhng SFB la mot phan cua he ieu hanh, ta khong can phai napchung vao nh mot phan cua chng trnh. Tng t vi FB, SFBcan DB tnh huong. Ta phai tai DB nay xuong CPU nh mot phancua chng trnh.

Ham he thong SFC (System function): ham c lap trnh trc match hp san trong CPU S7. Ta co the goi SFC t chng trnh; v

nhng SFC la mot phan cua he ieu hanh, ta khong can phai napchung vao nh mot phan cua chng trnh.

Khoi d lieu he thong SDB (system data block): vung nh cuachng trnh c tao bi cac ng dung STEP7 khac nhau e chad lieu can e ieu hanh PLC. Th du: ng dung S7Configuration cat d lieu cau hnh va cac tham so lam viec khactrong cac SDB, va ng dung Communication Configuration taocac SDB ma cat d lieu thong tin toan cuc c chia xe gia cacCPU khac nhau.


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4.Cac khoi cua cac CPU cua PLC S7-300.Khoi So lng Kch thc toi a Ghi chu

312 IFM 314IFM

313314315

315-2DP

312IFM

313,314314 IFM315315-2 DP

OB 3 13 13 14 B giihan biRAM

8 KBFB 32 (0-31) 128 (0-127) 8 KB

FC 32 (0-31) 128 (0-127) 8KBDB 63 (1-63) 127 (1-127) 8 KB 0 danhrieng

SFC 25 36 36 (37vi 315)

40 -

SFB 2 7 - - -

Bang 1.26: cac khoi cua cac CPU.

5.Thc thi chng trnh trong OB1.He ieu hanh cua CPU S7 lien tuc lap lai thc thi OB1; khi OB1 hoan tat

thc thi cua no, he ieu hanh cho OB1 chay lai. He ieu hanh cung goi OB1 khiOB100 (thong tin Start up) hoan tat. Ta cung co the s dung OB1 e goi cackhoi ham FB khac hoac cac ham FC, hoac ta co the cha tat ca chng trnhtrong OB1; tuy nhien e thc thi chng trnh cua ta th phai tai xuong CPU.

a.Hoat ong cua OB1:OB1 lap lai lien tuc, khi no hoan tat thc thi, no lai bat au thc hien lai.

OB1 co o u tien thap nhat trong cac OB; tat ca cac OB khac co the ngat viecx ly OB1. Cac s kien sau co the lam cho he ieu hanh goi OB1:

Ghi nhan thc thi OB1 (thong tin start up) a hoan tat. Ghi nhan thc thi OB1 (chu ky trc ) a hoan tat.

Klhi OB1 hoan tat thc thi, he ieu hanh ghi thanh ghi PIQ ra cac modulexuat ngoai vi va gi bat c d lieu toan cuc nao. Trc khi cho bat au lai OB1;he ieu hanh cap nhat bang PII va nhan bat c d lieu toan cuc nao cho CPU.


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STEP7 cho thi gian chu ky toi a mac nhien la 150ms cho OB1. Ta cothe sa oi gia tr nay, hoac ta co the s dung ham he thong (SFC) e khi onglai timer canh gi (cho phep chng trnh hoan tat thc thi cua no). Neu chng

trnh cua ta vt qua thi gian chu ky toi a cho OB1 th he ieu hanh goi OB80(loi do thi gian chu ky); neu ta khong lap trnh OB80 th CPU i vao che oSTOP.

b.D lieu cuc bo cho OB1:Ta co bang 1.27 cho thay cac bien tam c khai bao trong bang khai

bao d lieu cua OB1. Chung la 20 bytes au d lieu ma c cat trong L stackco lp u tien 1. Ta co the sa oi cac thong so nay bang cong cu S7

Confuguration cua STEP7. Th du bien OB1_MAX_CYCLE (thi gian chu kytoi a) tnh theo ms co tr mac nhien la 150ms va tam gia tr at c t 1ms ti60 000ms (6s).

Bang 1.27: cac bien cuc bo cua OB1.

c.Thong tin Start up:STEP7 cho OB100 e a vao ac tnh start-up cho CPU. He ieu hanh

goi OB100 moi khi CPU i t STOP sang RUN.Ta co the cat chng trnh trong OB100 e cho cau hnh theo y muon

hoac cac tham so lam viec khi start up.Bang 1.28 mo ta cac bien tam c khai bao trong bang khai bao bien

cua OB. Ta co the dung cong cu S7 Configuration e at cau hnh ac tnhcua CPU.


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Ngi ta thng s dung OB100 e thiet lap cac tham so ban au chochng trnh nh: tao cac trang thai ban au, cac d lieu khi ong, cho pheptimer,...v.v.

Ten hnh thc Kieu Gia tr va y nghaOB100_EV_CLASS Byte B#16#13OB100_STRTUP Byte Che o goi OB100:

B#16#81 = c goi khi chuyen tSTOP sang RUN.

B#16#82 = c goi t ong khichuyen t STOP sang RUN hoac khichuyen t OFF sang ON va CPU vanang trang thai RUN.

OB100_PRIORITY Byte 27 (th t u tien)OB100_OB_NUMBR Byte 100 :la ch so cua khoi OB100.OB100_RESERVED_1 Byte D trOB100_RESERVED_2 Byte D trOB100_STOP Byte Ma hieu nga71t lam cho CPU chuyen ve

trang thai STOP.OB100_STRT_INFO Dword Thong tin ve viec thc hien che o khi

ong.OB100_DATE_TIME Date_And_

TimeThi iem OB100 bat au c thchien.

Bang 1.28: cac bien tam trong OB100.

d.Lp u tien va chng trnh ngat: Cac lp u tien (pripority classes)

CPU S7 cho cac lp u tien cho moi OB lien he. Cac OB nay cho phep tatao ra cac chng trnh (hoan tat vi cac lenh goi FB va FC) ma thc thi nhng

thi iem cu the hoac ap ng vi nhng s kien ac biet nh phat hien loi. Davao lp u tien cua OB, cac chng trnh nay co the ngat x ly cac khoi trongchng trnh. Lp u tien vi o u tien cao nhat chay au tien; neu co nhieuhn mot OB c goi bi he ieu hanh th trc het OB vi lp u tien cao nhatc thc thi, con cac OB khac theo sau theo th t u tien.

Loai OB Mo ta Lp u tienOB1 Bat au chay khi ket thuc chu ky 1 (thap nhat)


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Chng trnh chnh trcOB10 en OB17Ngat TOD

Bat au chay ngay thang vathi gian a c lap trnh

2

OB20 en OB23Ngat tre S dung cung vi SFC32 (bat aungat tre) chay sau thi gian trhoan at trc (theo ms)

Tng ng 3 en 6

OB30 en OB38Ngat tuan hoan

Chay theo chu ly lap trnh trc(t 1ms en 1 phut)

Tng ng 7 en15

OB40 en OB47Ngat cng

Bat au chay khi phat hien baoong qua trnh t module ngoai vi

Tng ng 16 en23

OB80 en OB87Cac loi khong ong bo

Bat au chay khi phat hien loichan oan module hoac co loi

time-out

u tien cao nhat26 (hoac 28 trong

khi start up)OB100OB start up

Bat au chay khi CPU chuyen tSTOP sang RUN

27

OB121, OB122Cac loi ong bo

Bat au chay khi phat hien loi laptrnh (OB121) hoac loi truy cap(OB122)

Cung u tien viOB b ngat

Bang 1.29: cac OB va lp u tien cua no.

Ngat (interrupt) thc thi chng trnhBi v OB1 can cho tat ca cac chng trnh, OB1 nam trong lp u tien

thap nhat. ieu nay lam cho bat ky OB nao khac c phep ngat viec x lychng trnh chnh. Khi tat ca cac ngat a c x ly xong, OB1 tiep tuc thc thi iem b ngat.

Khi CPU phat hien s kien bat au vi OB co lp u tien cao hn OBang c thc thi th viec ngat xay ra cuoi lenh ang c x ly. He ieuhanh cat toan bo ngan xep thanh ghi cho khoi ngat. Thong tin nay c lay tr

lai khi he ieu hanh thc thi tiep khoi b ngat.OB ngat thc thi khoi co lp u tien khac co the goi cac ham (FC) va cac

khoi ham (FB) khi can. So lan goi long nhau phu thuoc vao CU. Th du CPU cothe long en 8 lenh goi moi lan.

Cat d lieu cho chng trnh b ngatKhi he ieu hanh phat hien mot s kien bat au cho chay oi vi OB co

u tien cao hn lp u tien ang c thc thi th no cat thong tin hien hanh

trong cac thanh ghi tch luy va cac thanh ghi vao ngan xep ngat (I stack).


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PPHHAANN22LAP TRNH WINCC


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Chng 1: CCoonnttrroollCCeenntteerr

V tr cua Control Center trong he thong WinCC:Control Center ac trng cho lp cao nhat trong he thong Win CC. Tat ca

cac moduls cua toan bo he thong WinCC eu c bat au t ay.Noi dung cua Control Center gom co:

Chc nang Cau truc Cac editor chuan

WinCCla giao dien gia ngi va may moc trong thiet ke t ong :WinCC la he thong trung tam ve cong nghe va ky thuat c dung eieu hanh cac nhiem vu cua man hnh hien th va he thong ieu khien trong tong hoa san xuat va qua trnh. He thong nay cung cap cac modul chc nangthch ng trong cong nghiep ve: hien th hnh anh, thong iep, lu tr va baocao. Giao dien ieu khien manh, viec truy cap hnh anh nhanh chong, va chcnang lu tr an toan cua no am bao tnh hu dung cao.

Ngoai cac chc nang he thong, WinCC con m ra cac giao dien cho cac

giai phap cua ngi s dung, nhng giao dien nay khien chung co the tch hpWinCC vao cac giai phap t ong hoa phc tap va toan cong ty. Viec x ly dlieu lu tr c tch hp bang cac giao dien chuan ODBC va SQL. Viec themvao cac oi tng va cac tai lieu cung c tch hp bang OLE2.0 va OLECustom Controls (OCX). Cac c che nay lam cho WinCC tr thanh mot bo phanam hieu va de truyen tai trong moi trng Windows.

WinCC da vao he ieu hanh 32 bit MS-Windows 95 hay MS-WindowsNT. Ca hai eu co kha nang ve thc hien a nhiem vu, am bao phan ng

nhanh chong vi viec x ly ngat va o an toan chong lai s mat d lieu bentrong mc o cao. Windows NT con cung cap cac chc nang e tao ra s antoan va phuc vu nh mot nen tang cho hoat ong cua cac servers trong he thongWinCC nhieu ngi s dung. Chnh phan mem WinCC cung la ng dung 32 bitc phat trien vi cong nghe phan mem hng oi tng va hien ai nhat.


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I. NOI DUNG CUA CONTROL CENTER.

1.Chc nang.

Control Center cha tat ca cac chc nang quan ly cho toan he thongWinCC. Trong Control Center, ta co the at cau hnh va khi ong module run-time.

a.Nhiem vu cua quan ly d lieu:Quan ly d lieu cung cap anh qua trnh vi cac gia tr cua tag. Tat ca cac

hoat ong cua quan ly d lieu eu chay tren mot background (nen).

b.Nhiem vu cua Control CenterCac nhiem vu chnh cua Control Center:

Lap cau hnh hoan chnh. Hng dan gii thieu viec lap cau hnh. Thch ng viec an nh, goi, va lu tr cac projects. Quan ly cac projects. Co kha nang noi mang cac chc nang soan thao cho nhieu

ngi s dung trong mot project. Quan ly phien ban. Dien ta bang o th cua d lieu cau hnh. ieu khien va at cau hnh cho cac hnh ve/ cau truc he

thong. Thiet lap viec cai at toan cuc. at cau hnh cho cac chc nang nh v ac biet.

Tao va soan thao cac tham khao an cheo. Phan hoi tai lieu. Bao cao trang thai he thong. Thiet lap he thong ch. Chuyen gia run-timer va cau hnh. Kiem tra che o/ mo phong/ tr giup thao tac e at cau

hnh d lieu, bao gom dch hnh ve, mo phong tag, hien thtrang thai, va tao thong iep.


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2.Cau truc.Control Center co cac cau truc nh sau:

Control Center Tm hieu WinCC trong Control Center.Giao dien o hoa cho cau hnh di moi trng Windows 95 vaWindows NT. Quan ly d lieu.Cung cap anh qua trnh vi cac gia tr cua tag.Truyen d lieu ma quan ly d lieu a nhan t cac he thong tong.

Cac module chc nang He thong o hoa (Graphic Designer)

Hien th va ket noi qua trnh bang o th. Viet chng trnh cho cac thao tac (Global Scrips)

Tao mot d an ong cho cac yeu cau ac biet. He thong thong bao (Alarm Logging)

Xuat cac thong bao va hoi ap. Lu tr va soan thao cac gia tr o lng (Tag Logging)

Soan thao cac gia tr o lng va lu gi chung trong thigian dai.Soan thao d lieu hng ngi s dung va lu gi chungtrong thi gian dai.

He thong bao cao (Report Designer)Bao cao trang thai he thong.

Phan hoi tai lieu:

oi vi Control Center, viec in ra mot he thong nh san co trong ReportDesigner e phan hoi tai lieu. Tat ca cac may tnh , tags, va cac ket noi a cnh hnh eu c in ra bang print job hay hien th tren man hnh.

Cac kieu d lieu d an c xuat ra bang cach phan hoi tailieu:

May tnh: ten va kieu may tnh (Server hay Client). Tag management: ten tag, kieu d lieu, ket noi , kenh. Ket noi: ket noi, n v va tham so.


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3.Soan thao.Editor dung e soan thao va ieu khien mot project hoan chnh. Cac bo

soan thao trong Control Center:

Chng trnh soan thao Giai thchAlarm Logging(Bao ong)

Nhan cac thong bao t cac qua trnhe chuan b, hien th, hoi ap, va lutr cac thong bao nay.

User Administrator(Quan ly ngi dung)

Viec ieu khien truy nhap s cho phepcho cac nhom va ngi s dung.

Text Library(Th vien van ban) Cha cac van ban tuy thuoc ngon ngdo ta tao ra.Report Designer(Bao cao)

Cung cap he thong bao cao c tchhp ma ta co the s dung e bao caod lieu, cac gia tr qua trnh hien hanhva a lu tr, cac thong bao hien hanhva a lu tr, he thong tai lieu cuachnh ngi s dung.

Global Scripts

(Viet chng trnh)

Cho phep ta tao cac d an ong tuy

thuoc vao tng yeu cau ac biet. Bosoan thao nay cho phep ta tao cac hamC va cac thao tac co the c s dungtrong mot hay nhieu projects tuy theokieu cua chung.

Tag Logging X ly cac gia tr o lng va lu trchung trong thi gian dai.

Graphics Designer(Thiet ke o hoa)

Cung cap cac man hnh hien th va ketnoi en cac qua trnh.

4.Cac thanh phan cua project trong Control Center.Mot project gom cac thanh phan sau:

May tnh. Quan ly tag. Kieu d lieu. Soan thao.


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a.May tnh

thiết kế hệ scada dùng wincc

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