thiết kế kiến trúc.pptx

7/29/2019 thit k kin trc.pptx

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4.2.1 Thit k kin trc4.2.1.1 Khi nim

4.2.2.2 Cc bc thit k kin trc

4.2.1.3. Mt s m hnh kin trc

1)

Kin

trc

d liu

tp trung

2) Kin trc khch/dch v

3) Kin trc phn tng

4) Kin trc gi v tr li5) Kin trc lung dliu

6) Kin trc hng i tng


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4.2.1.1. Khi nim

Kin trc phn mm ch cu trc tng th ca mtphn mm v cch t chc qua cho ta mt s tchhp v mt khi nim ca mt h thng.

Thit k kin trc l qu trnh xc nh cc h conlp thnh h thng v khung lm vic iu khin vgiao tip gia cc h con vi nhau.

Modul l cc thtc,chcnng,thut ton v ccchng trnh con cu thnh mththng


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4.2.1.2. Cc bc thit k kin trc

1. Cu trc ha h thng: phn chia h thng thnh

cc h con (sub-system) c lp v xc nh trao ithng tin gia cc h con, xc nh cc giao din cachng.

2. M hnh ha iu khin: xc lp m hnh iukhin gia cc thnh phn khc nhau ca h thng c xc nh

3. Phn r thnh cc modul: phn r cc h conthnh cc modul


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4.2.1.3. Mt s m hnh kin trc

1. Kin trc d liu tp trung (data-centeredarchitectures).2. Kin trc khch/dch v (client-serverarchitectures)

3. Kin trc phn tng ( layered architectures).4. Kin trc gi v tr li (call and returnarchitectures)

5. Kin trc lung d liu (data flowarchitectures)

6. Kin trc hng i tng (object-oriented

architectures).


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1. Kin trc d liu tp trung

KHO D LIU

PHN MMKHACH

PHN MM

KHACH

PHN MMKHACH

PHN MMKHACH

PHN MMKHACH

PHN MMKHACH

PHN MM

KHACH

PHN MMKHACH


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1. Kin trc d liu tp trung (tip)

Cc h thng con phi trao id liu v lm vicvi nhau mt cch hiu qu. Vic trao i d liucthchin theo hai cch:Dliu chia scluCSDL trung tm hoc

kho d liu v c ttc cc h thng con truynhp.

Mih thng con bo tr CSDL ca chnh n vtruyn d liu mt cch tng minh cho cc hthng con khc.


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1. Kin trc d liu tp trung (tip)

u im Tin li cho chia s d liu ln

S c lp gia cc phn h

Nhc im Kh thay i cu trc d liu


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2. Kin trc khch/dch v (tip) V d: M hnh client/server ca h thng th vin

phim v nh

MAY KHACH 1 MAY KHACH 2 MAY KHACH 3 MAY KHACH 4

MNG BNG THNG RNG

SERVER

DANH

MC

SERVER

FIRM

SERVER

NH S

SERVER

WED


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2. Kin trc khch/dch v (tip)

M hnh kin trc client-server l m hnh hthngtrong h thng bao gmmt tphp cc servercung cpdchv v cc client truy nhp v sdngcc dchv.

Cc thnhphn chnh ca m hnh ny bao gm:Tphp cc server s cung cpnhngdchvc

thnh: in n,qun l dliuTp hp cc client truy nhp n server yu

cu cung cpdchv.H thngmng cho php client truy cp tidch

v m server cung cp


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2. Kin trc khch/dch v (tip)

u im Hiu qu s dng cao

D m rng thm dch v

D nng cpNhc im

S lng client c th tng gim m pha server

khng bit


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3. Kin trc phn tng

Tng li

Tng tin ch

Tng ng dng

Tng giao dinngi dng

Cc thnh phn


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3. Kin trc phn tng (tip)

M hnh phn lptchchthng thnh nhiulpv milp cung cpmttp cc dchv.

Mi lp c thc coi nhmt my tru tng

(abstract machine) m ngn ng ca my c nhnghabi cc dchv m lp cung cp.

M hnh phn lp h tr pht trin cc h thngcon theo kiutng vng nhiulp khc nhau.


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3. Kin trc phn tng (tip) V d:

M hnh OSI m t phng thc truyn tin Thngtin t mt ng dng trn h thng my tnh A s ixung cc lp thp hn, cui cng qua cc thit b vt

l n h thng my tnh B. Sau h thng B,thng tin s i t lp thp nht n cao nht - chnh lng dng ca h thng my tnh B. M hnh OSI c

phn cp thnh 7 tng: tng ng dng, tng trnh din,tng phin, tng giao vn, tng mng, tng lin kt dliu, tng vt l.


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3. Kin trc phn tng (tip)u im

H tr pht trin tng dn

D thay i ( thay i tng, thm tng)

Nhc im Vn v hiu nng

Kh thit k theo m hnh ny


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4. Kin trc gi-tr li Cc thtc con cspxp phn cp

Th tciukhinnmnhcacu trc phncp v di chuyndnxungdi.

Thngc p dng cho cc hthngtunt.

5


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5. Ki n trc lu ng d liu (thi t khng chc nng)

Kin trc lungdliul mt cch tipcnthitkphn mm trong bn thit k c phn giithnh mtb cc nth tc ngln nhau, minth c mtchcnngc xc nh r rng.

Kin trc lungdliusdng:

Cc biu dng d liu (m n m tvicx ldliu logic),

Cc lccu trc (ch ra cu trc caphnmm

M t PDL ( m tthitk chi tit).


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Biu dng d liuCc k php thng dng:

1. Cc hnh chnht gc ty:biudinmt phpbindi dngdliu vo thnh dng dliu

2. Cc hnh chnht:biudinmt kho dliu

3. Cc hnh trn:biudin giao tc cangi dng vihthng(cung cp thng tin vo hoc thu thp thng tin ra)

4. Cc mi tn: chhng dng dliu5. Cc t kha and v or

6. Mt khuyn trn ni cc dng dliu

Php

bini

input output

Kho d liu

Giaotc


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Biu dng d liu (tip)

c nhng

Kim trathanh ton

Lp giy

nhc t.ton

Lp han

Tm ti

khon TTn hng Giy nhc

Ha dn

Phiu thanhton

V d: h thng x l n hng


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Lc cu trc

Lc cu trc ch ra cu trc cc thnh phntheo thbccah thng. Ngha l cc phn tca

biu dng d liu c th c thc hin nh thno vit cch l mtthbcca cc nvchngtrnh.


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Lc cu trc (tip)

Mi thnh phn chc nng cbiu dinbng

mt hnh chnht. Thbc ny c trnh by bngcch ni cc hnh chnhtvi cc ng. Thng tinvo v thng tin ra cho mt thnh phncchbicc mi tn c gn tn. Mt mi tn vo mt hpngm ch thng tin vo cn mi tn ra t mt hpngm ch thng tin ra. Cc kho d liucchbicc hnh ch nht gc ty v cc thng tin vo t

ngi dng cchbi cc khuyn trn. Sau ny, trnh nhm cc k php dng trongbiu dng dliungi ta dng khitrbiudinkho dliu v hnh bnh hnhbiudin thng tin vo.


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T in d liu

Tindliu c ch trong vicbo tr hthng,v trong qu trnh thit k. Vi mi li vo cminh nh trongbiuphi c mtli vo tindliu cung cp thng tin vkiu,chcnngdliu, v

mt l do cbn cho vic n vo.. Cc tind liuni cc m t thitkkiubiu v cc m tthitkkiuvnbn:

M t thit kkiu biu

M t thit kkiu biu

Tin d

liu

i i


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u, nhc i m ca ki n trclung d liu

u im D hiu

Cc cm t x l c th s dng li

D thy c tun t x l tun t hay song songNhc im

nh dng d liu chung


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6. Kin trc hngitng Kin trc hngitng l da trn vic che dutrng tin nhn hphnmmnh l b cc i tngtc vi nhau ch khngphi lb cc chcnngnhcch tipcnchc nng.

Cc i tng c mt trng thi c che du vcc php ton trn trng thi . Thitk l biu thcc dchvc yu cu cng vinhnghtrc

cung cpbi cc itng c tng tc vi n.


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6. Kin trc hng i tng (tip)V d : Cc i tng trong qun l h thng ha n


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Ba c trng ca kin trc hng i tng

1.

Khng c vng d liu dng chung. Cc itng lin lc vi nhau bng cch trao i thng boch khng phi cc bin dng chung.

2. Cc i tng l cc thc th c lp, d thay

i v rng tt c cc trng thi v cc thng tin biudin ch nh hng trong phm vi chnh i tng thi. Cc thay i trong biu din thng tin c th

c thc hin khng cn s tham kho ti cc itng h thng khc.3. Cc i tng c th phn tn, c th hot ng

tun t hoc song song.


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C s ca thit k kin trc hngi tng

C s ca thit kkin trc hng i tng l cclp. Lp l mt tru tng m t ca mt nhm svt. i tng ca mt lp l mt thc th ca lp .

Thit k ca mt lp bao gm:

Cu trc d liu (thuc tnh)

Hm, th tc (chc nng) Giao din (cc chc nng ca i tng)


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u, nhc im ca kin trc i tng

u im

1. Dbo tr v cc itng l clp.

2. Cc i tng l cc thnh phn dng licthch hp (do tnh clpca chng ).

3. C mt vi lp h thng thc hinphn nhquan h r rng gia cc thc th c thc (chnghn nh cc thnh phnphn cng ) vi cc i

tngiukhin n trong hthng.

Nhcim

Kh th hi i t h t

thiết kế kiến trúc.pptx

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