thiết kế nhà máy sản xuất dầu lạc tinh chế

5/27/2018 Thi t k nh my sa n xu t d u la c tinh ch

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N TT NGHIP 1 SVTH:Nguyn Tin Hong

Thit knh my sn xut du lc tinh ch GVHD: Trn Xun Ngch

MU

Ngnh du thc vt Vit Nam l mt ngnh kinh tk thu t c vtr quan tr ngtrong nn kinh tqu c dn.

Cc sn phm ca n l ngun thc phm khng th thi u trong cc ba n

chnh.

Nhu cu du thc vt cng tng thay th cho m ng vt, cho nn vic y

mnh xut khu du thc vt s gp ph n mang li lng ngoi t ng k trong

cng nghip ha hin i ha n c ta.

Trong thc n ca ngi, du m l m t trong ba th th c n c b n v quan

trng khng ththi u c trong qu trnh hot ng sinh l trong cth . Nu thiu

cht bo trong cc m d tr c th s b suy nh c, khn ng lao ng gim st.

Cht bo l ngun cung cp nng lng ln ( 1g cht bo gii phng 9600calo) ln

gp 2 ln so vi gluxit, protit.

Cht bo c sd ng trong thc n cc d ng khc nhau xo, rn, trn rau

ti, bth c vt, bnh ko. Cht bo l loi thc n c gi tr dinh d ng cao hn

na n nh hng tt n tnh cht cm quan ca thc phm chbi n. Cht bo cn

l dung mi ha tan cc vitamin A, D, E gip cho cc qu trnh sinh hc trong c

th c thc hin.

c bit vph ng din sinh l th du lc cng nhcc lo i du khc nh u

nnh, vng. Chng c nhiu u vit hn m ng vt.

Vi mc tiu v tm quan trng trn th vic xy dng thm cc nh my sn

xut du lc tinh chl c n thit p ng nhu cu ngy cng tng ca thtr ngtrong nc v sn lng du lc cho xut khu. ng thi khai thc trit ngu n

nguyn liu lc trong nc.

Do vy vic thit knh my sn xut du lc tinh chvi nng sut 3000

tn du/nm l iu cn thit hin nay.


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CHNG I

LP LUN KINH TKTHUT

1.1 c im thin nhin

Vic chn a im phi ph hp vi quy hoch chung m bo s pht tri n

chung v kinh t a phng , phi gn ngun nguyn liu gi m gi thnh vn

chuyn, gim tht thot hao ht nguyn liu . c im th nh ng cng nh hng

rt ln n vic cung cp nhin liu cho nh my.

Nh my phi t gn ngun cung cp nng lng nh : in, hi, nc, gn

trc ng chnh m bo s ho t ng bnh thng v ch n ngun nhn

lc a phng. Nh my thit k c xy dng trn a bn huyn Sn Ha tnh

Ph Yn gn quc l 25.

V iu kin tnhin cc t nh MinTrung chu nh hng ca kh hu nhit i

gi ma, kh hu chia lm hai ma, ma ma v ma kh vi hng gi chnh l

hng ng nam, c im gp phn cho cy lc pht trina im xy dng nh my chn sau khi xem xt km t bng, cu to

t, dy chuyn cng ngh.

1.2 Vng nguyn liu

Nguyn liu lc cung cp cho nh my ly tcc tnh min trung nhHu ,Qung

Nam, Qung Ngi, Bnh nh, Ph Yn..

Bng cch n nh vng nguyn liu ngnh du thc vt mi c thgia t ng qui

m sn xut nng cao cht lng sn phm,tng sc mnh cnh tranh m r ng thtrng xut khu chc chn, bn vng ..Nghin cu tuyn chn lai to v nhp ni

ging mi c nng lng c nng sut cht lng tt, thc hin tt cc chnh sch

hp l v u t t ai, lao ng gi c thu mua, thu khuy n khch nng dn

u tpht tri n cy ly du.


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Vi chnh sch pht trin v chnh sch i mi ca nc ta nhhi n nay chc

chn cc tnh Min Trung scung c p v s l ng cng nhch t lng nguyn

liu lc cho nh my hot ng lin tc.

Hp tc ha

Nh my c sh p tc vi cc nh my trong vng vm t kinh t, k thu t

tng cng sd ng chung cc cng trnh in, nc, hi, cng trnh giao thng vn

ti, tiu th s n phm ph c a nh my gp phn gim vn u t, hgi thnh s n

phm rt ngn thi gian hon vn.

1.3Ngun cung cp in

in dng trong nh my vi nhiu mc ch cho cc thit bho t ng chiu

sng trong sn xut v dng trong sinh hot. Hiu in th nh my s d ng

220/380V. Ngun in cung cp cho nh my ly in t in quc gia thng qua

trm bin thc a khu vc v ca nh my.

ng thi nh my cng cn lp thm mt my pht in d phng m bo

sn xut lin tc khi c sc m t in.

1.4

Ngun cung cp hiHi dng trong nh my vi nhiu mc ch khc nhau :

Chng, sy bt nghin, gia nhit nc, thy ha, dng trong cc qu trnh:

Trung ha, ty mu, ty mi, vsinh thi t b. Do phi t l hi, nc phi

qua hth ng xl n c nh my.

1.5Ngun cung cp nhin liu.

Nh my dng nhin liu l du c mua ca cng ty xng du Ph Yn theo

hp ng, cung c p cho l hi, l t, du iezel, xng, nht cho my pht in

va t

1.6 Cung cp nc v xl

Nc l mt trong nhng nguyn liu cn thit ca nh my. Nc dng cho

nhiu mc ch khc nhau :

Cung cp cho l hi, dng pha long st trung ha, r a du, vsinh thi t b

v dng trong sinh hot


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Ty tng mc ch khc nhau m tng loi nc phi m bo cc ch tiu ha

hc, l hc v sinh hc nht nh. Nc phi qua hth ng xl n c nh my.

1.7 Thot nc v xl cht thi

Vic thot nc ca nh my phi c quan tm, nc thi ca nh my cha

nhiu cht hu c l mi tr ng thun li cho vi sinh vt pht trin gy nhim

cho mi trng sinh thi, nh hng n cng nhn vin nh my v khu dn c

chung quanh nh my. Nc ca nh my phi tp trung li xa x ng sn xut v

xl tr c khi ra sng

Trong qu trnh sn xut nhcng on trung ha ty mi, ty mu cn phi

thu hi cht thi, cht ra trnh tht thot ra ngoi nhm hn ch nhi m mi

trng. Mi loi cht thi cn phi c bin php x l ring. H th ng thot nc

ca nh my phi m bo thot nc tt, trnh ng lm nh hng n kt cu

xy dng

1.8 Cung cp nhn cng

Cng nhn c chn trong a bn huyn t n dng ngun nhn lc a

phng do gim u tnh , sinh hot cng nhn dn n gi thnh sn phm.i vi i ng lnh o nh my, tnh Ph Yn p ng y cc k s , c

nhn tt nghip tcc tr ng i hc trong cn c. c bit Hu, Nng, Thnh

PhH Ch Minh c ki n thc, nng lc nghip v lnh o v iu hnh nh

my tt

1.9 Giao thng vn ti.

Giao thng vn ti l mt vn quan tr ng l phng tin vn chuyn mt khi

lng nguyn vt liu xy dng nh my, cng nhv n chuyn sn phm i tiu

th. m bo cho s ho t ng lin tc nh my sd ng tuyn quc l 25.

Ngoi ra nh my phi c t ti nhm p ng nhu cu xut v nhp nguyn

liu nh my.

1.10 Tiu thsn phm.

Nh my sn xut du lc tinh ch t ti Sn Ha l nh my duy nht ca

min trung nn cha c nh my du thc vt no cnh tranh. Th tr ng tiu th


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rng ln c hai thnh ph Nng, Quy Nhn dn c ng c. ng thi sn

phm ca nh my l nguyn liu cn thit cung cp cho cc nh my thc phm

cc tnh ln cn.

Nng sut ca nh my

Vic thit kv xy d ng thm nh nh my sn xut du lc tinh chv i nng

sut 3000 tn du/nm l iu cn thit v ph hp vi tnh hnh khu vc min

trung hin nay.


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CHNG II

TNG QUAN VNGUYN LIU V SN PHM2.1. c im ca cy lc

Lc thuc h u nhng c th x p vo loi cy c v c ng l loi cy ngn

ngy (100 120 ngy) cy cao 50 70cm qu gip khng b tch, trong qu c m t

hoc hai ht. Nhng ht ny c bao bc bi lp vm ng gi l v l a.

c im sinh hc ca cy lc l sau khi th ph n qu s chui xu ng t v

pht trin trong t. Chng c trng nhi u loi t khc nhau t ng bng n

trung du min ni, nhng thch hp nht l loi t ti xp, m c iu kin

tho nc v thot nc nhanh nng sut 10 20 t /ha v cao hn.

Ngi ta chia qul c lm hai loi:

Loi quto v lo i qunh , loi quto c chi u di ln hn 1020mm, rng v

dy 7,5 13mm, kh i lng 1000 qu1300 2000g, kh i lng 1000 ht 400

750g v qu chi m t25 28% v h t chim 3 4% kh i lng qu.

2.2.

Qu trnh to du lc.Qu trnh to thnh du lipt d tr trong h t du xy ra khi ht chn cc hp

cht hu cv v c chuy n vo ht tcc ph n xanh ca cy, l v t thng qua

hr , t chuyn thnh cc cht dtr trong h t.

Qu trnh tng hp trong du, lc u to ra cc cht gluxit in hnh l tinh

bt. Sau ht chn dn nhng ht tinh bt schuy n thnh cc ht lipt.

Ngay t ngy u khi ht mi chn, trong mt s h t tinh bt ca tbo, bn

cnh tinh bt c mt t du chim ch .Gi a tinh bt v du c mt vng trung

gian cc sn phm ca tinh bt chuyn thnh du . Qu trnh bin i ny din ra

nhanh nht khu nhn t bo. giai on cui ca qu trnh, tinh bt trong cc t

bo ht du sbi n mt hon ton v chuyn thnh du.

Giai on u khi ht chn du c nhiu axt bo tdo. Sau lng axt bo t

do gim xung v hm lng triglixerit lin kt t hai hay ba nguyn t cacbon

di tc dung hai h enzim v i ngun cacbon l cc cht gluxt thin nhin.


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T cc s n phm phn t th p to ra axt bo c 16 nguyn t cacbon

(axitpanmitt). Sau mch axit bo sthm nguyn t cacbon, qu trnh t o thnh

triglixerit xy ra theo ba giai on.

1)

2)

3)

2.3. Thnh phn ha hc ca ht lc

Cc hp cht c trong lc rt phong ph i din cho hu ht cc hp cht nh:

+ lipit

+ cc hp cht khng bo, khng x phng ha

+ cc hp cht c nit

+ gluxit v dn xut ca chng

+ cc nguyn tkhong

1. Lipit

Lipit l cu tha h c quan trng, l thnh phn chnh ca ht lc hm lng

lipit chim 40,2 ; 60,7% cht kh trong thnh phn lipit ca ht lc gm c

triglixerit, photphatit v sp

CH 2 OCOR 2

CH 2 OH

CHOH

CH 2 OH

R1 COOH

CH 2 OCOR1

CH 2 OH

CHOH+ + H 2 O

CH2

OCOR1 CH

2OCOR

1

CHOH

CH 2 OH

R 2 COOH CHOH+ + H 2 O

CH 2 OCOR 1

CHOH

CH 2 OCOR 2

R 3 COOH

CH 2 OCOR1

CH 2 OCOR 2

CHOCOR 3 + + H 2 O


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a) Triglixerit:

L thnh phn ch y u (95: 98%) ca lipit quv h t du. Vc u to ha hc

triglixerit l trieste vi ba axit bo, chng c cng thc cu to.

Trong : R1,R 2, R3 l cc gc axit bo, thnh phn cu to triglixerit ca ht

lc chim phn ln cc axit bo khng no.

Bng II-1: thnh phn cc axt bo ca lc.

b) Photpholipit:

Hm lng Photpholipit trong ht lc dao ng t 0,7 2,5% so v i lng lipit

trong ht. Cu to cc photpholipit l cc glixerit c thay thb ng mt, hai gc

axit photphorit vi nhm thX no .

Tn Axt Bo K Hiu Thnh Phn %

Axt - oleic C18:1 5063

Axit - linoleic C18:2 1333

Axit- palmitic C16:0 611

Axit- Stearic C18: 0 26

Axit- linolenic C18:3 2023

CH 2

CH 2 OCO

OCO

R1

R 2

R 3

CH OCO

CH2OP

CH

CH2

OCO

R1

R2

OX

OH

O

OCO


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Trong : X l nhm th

Nu X l hidr th photpholipit l photphatit

Nu X l ru amin colin th photpholipit l lexitin

c) Sp:

Sp c trong lc vi tl r t nh(d i 2,5 3% so v i khi lng qu) phn

ln sp c trong vqu , v ht, trong ht rt t. Vc u to ha hc sp l este ca

axit bo mch cacbon di c 24 26 nguyn t cacbon v r u mt v hai chc.

Trong : R1: gc ru

R2: gc axit bo

2. Hp cht khng bo khng x phng ha

Nhng hp cht khng bo khng x phng ha l nhm hp cht hu c c

cu to c trng khc nhau, tan ht trong du v cc loi dung mi ca du khi

tch du nhng cht ny stheo d u ra khi ht v lm cho du c mu sc, mi v ring bit

3. Hp cht c cha nit

Cc cht cha nit bao g m cc protin, cc sn phm ca s t ng hp hay

phn ct cha hon ton nhcc baz nit, cc alcaloit. Trong cc cht ny protein

cha

90 95% t ng s cc ch t cha nit, protein ca lc phn ln l globulin chim

97% tng lng protein

Bng -2 : Thnh ph n cc axit amin trong ht lc

(% theo tng protein trong ht)

Tn axitamin Thnh phn % Tn axitamin Thnh phn %

Arginin 9,9 izolxin 3,0

Valin 8,0 Histidin 2,1

Lxin 7,0 Xistin 1,6

R1CH2OC = O

R2


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Phenylalanin 5,4 Treonin 1,5

Treonin 4,4 Methionin 1,2

Lizin 3,0 Triptophan 1,0

Protein ca lc c tm axit amin khng thay th so v i chtiu c a F.A.O

ra. V hm l ng cc axit amin khng th thay th trong thnh ph n protein thc

phm th protein ca lc c bn axit amin c s l ng thp hn tiu chun.

4. Gluxit

Trong ht lc lng gluxit tnhin ch y u l xenlulo v hemixenlulo to nn

thnh tbo c a cc m thc vt. Hm lng cc gluxit khc khng nhiu. Tinh bt

trong ht lc chim 311% so vi cht kh ca ht, c trong thnh phn tbo c a

ht

5. Cc nguyn tkhong

Cc nguyn t khong c trong h t lc khng nhiu (1,894,26% so vi cht

kh ca ht) ch y u l nguyn t photpho, kali, canxi, magi, photpho oxit, kali

oxit, magi oxit chim n 90% so vi tng lng tro chung.Bng -3:Hm lng v thnh phn ha hc ca ht lc (% theo cht kh ca ht)

2.4. Cc sn phm khi khai thc du lc

1.Du th.

Du sau khi p gi l du th trong du th cn nhiu tp cht v c, cc mnh

tbo, photphatit, cc axit bo t do, ch t mu, mi v v. Chng trong d u vi

nhiu dng khc nhau nh dung d ch keo, huyn ph. Tp cht ny c trong

Thnh phn ha hc Hm lng % cht kh

Lipit 40,260,7%

Protein(NX6,25) 20,037,2%

Xenlulo 1,24,9%

Tro 1,84,6


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nguyn liu v sinh ra trong qu trnh cng nghdo cc ph n ng ha hc to

nn.

2.Du tinh ch

Du tinh ch l d u sau khi qua tinh luyn. Du lc tinh ch c mu vng

sng hoc vng xanh, trong sut khng c mi v.

Do du lc cha phn ln trigilyxerit ca cc axit bo khng no, cha nhiu ni

i nn rt db xi ha khi ti p xc vi khng kh, nh sng. V vy b o qun

tt du lc cn bo qun trong cc chai, thng kn v ti mu .

3.Kh du

Kh du lc sau khi p l ngun nguyn liu lm thc n cho con ngi nh

lm bt thc phm, sn xut nc chm v lm thc n cho gia sc.


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CHNG III : CHN V THUYT MINH QUY

TRNH CNG NGH3.1. Chn quy trnh cng ngh.

Quy trnh cng nghl y u tquan tr ng quyt nh n cht lng sn phm,

hiu qukinh t , chi ph u t, gi thnh sn phm. Trong sn xut du lc tinh ch

quy trnh cng nghph i m bo nhng yu cu sau:

+ Tch du c nhiu nht

+ Du v kh du c cht lng tt nht.

+ Hiu qukinh t cao nh t.

Trong cng nghkhai thc d u c hai phng php chy u l phng php p

v phng php trch ly. Mi phng php u c nhng u v nhc im nht

nh so vi phng php p th phng php trch ly c nhiu u im hn v:

+ Tch c trit l ng du c trong nguyn liu, hm lng du c

trong kh du chcn l i khong 11,8%.

+ C khn ng ckh ha tri t nh m nng cao nng sut lao ng, hiusut thit bv gi m nh iu kin lao ng ca cng nhn.

i vi nc ta hin nay do ngun dung mi cn dng cho trch ly cn him v

t tin. Vic nghin cu p dng phng php ny cn gp nhiu kh khn, trnh

c a cn bkhoa h c kthu t cn thp, trang thit bnhi u v phc tp kh vn

hnh. Hn na nng sut ca nh my thit kch a phi l ln. V thvi c sd ng

phng php p l hp l.

Phng php p l phng php dng ngoi lc tc dng ln khi nguyn liu

tch d u ra khi nguyn liu .C hai phng php :Phng php p mt ln v

phng php p hai ln.Phng php p hai ln c u im nh:

+D u thu c c mu sc v cht lng tt hn.

+ Kh du t cht lng cao hn.

+ Hiu qul y du cao hn.

Du sau khi p db bi n i, kh bo qun do cn phi tinh luyn.


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Qua phn tch trn trong sn xut du lc tinh chti ch n phng php p hai

ln. Dy chuyn sn xut du lc tinh ch theo ph ng php p hai ln nhsau:

Nguyn liu

Lm sch Tp cht

Bo qun

Tch v bc

Lc nhn

Nghin

Chng

Kh du Ip sb Du th I N hin

p kitDu th II Kh du

Xl

Bo qun

Lng Cn lng

Gia nhitHi gin

Lc Du thCn lc

Thuho C n photphatitNc

Trung ho Cn x phngXt, nc mui

Ra, sy

Ty mut, than hot

Ly tm B t, than

Ty mi Hi dowthernHi qu nhit

Chit chaiCht bo qun

Sn phm

V


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3.2. Thuyt minh quy trnh cng ngh.

1. Nguyn liu.

Nguyn liu c thu mua tnhi u vng khc nhau thuc cc tnh min Trung.

Ring vng xa, nguyn li u c vn chuyn bng t hoc bng tu la cn cc

vng gn c ththu mua t i nh my.

2. Thu nhn.

Nguyn liu sau khi a v nh my c tin hnh cn v phn loi tng l

hng.Do nguyn liu thu mua t nhi u ni khc nhau nn cht lng, tnh cht,

trng thi ca khi ht khc nhau, nn cn phi phn loi nguyn liu v tk t qu

phn loi c m t phng php bo qun, sn xut ring cho tng l hng. V vy

nhn vin phi c trnh chuyn mn. Nguyn li u thu mua cn phi kh, sch

khng bm c mt, hh ng. Ti ni thu mua phi b tr cn t ng cn l ng

nguyn liu nhp vo nh my.

3. Lm sch.

Mc ch: Tch cc tp cht c hi ra khi lc trc khi a vo sn xut.

Nhng tp cht thuc nhm v c, t, . Khng ch lm b n sn phm m cngy hh ng bo mn my trong qu trnh chbi n. Tp cht hu c, rc... lm tng

m, tng vi sinh vt hot ng. V vy lm sch ht l mt yu cu rt quan trng

trong bo qun ht.

Thit blm s ch l my lm sch bng sng lin hp, cui sng t nam chm

in tch cc t p cht kim loi

4. Bo qun.

Lc sau khi kh mt phn em i sn xut ngay phn cn li a vo bo

qun. Nhim v quan tr ng trong bo qun l gign ch t lng vn c ca ht, hn

chcc qu trnh h h ng xy ra. Lc a vo bo qun phi c m t6 7%,

nhit trong kho b o qun khng qu 2527 oC.

Trong qu trnh bo qun phi thng xuyn theo di kim tra k p thi xl

cc sc x y ra, ngn chn , hn chk p thi mc, mt. Kho bo qun c sc cha


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b o m cho nh my hot ng trong thi gian 5 ngy. Kho xy dng ni cao

ro, dthot n c chng m.

5. Tch v bc v.

Mc ch :

+ Tng cht lng du, m bo cht lng du tt, trong, mu sng

+ To iu kin cho vic nghin nhn c ddng, t n nh mong

mun.

+ Gim tn tht trong sn xut v bn thn v c tnh ht d u cao.

Ngoi ra v l n i tp trung nhiu cht mu, cn phi l ni tp trung cc

cht dinh dng nhng d pht sinh ra mi, v hi kht. N u khng tch v tr c

khi p di nh hng ca nhit cao, trong qu trnh ch bi n cht mu s tan

mnh vo du lm cho du khi thot ra c mu sm hn.

6. Nghin.

Mc ch:

+ Ph vc u trc tbo nguyn li u cha du d u ddng thot ra. B t

cng nhcc t bo ch a du cng c gii phng.+ To iu kin thun li cho vic chbi n sau ny, bt cng nhth s

khuch tn ca hi nc v struy n nhit cng c hiu qu, rt ng n c thi

gian chng sy

+ To cho bt c kch thc ng u, t bt sau khi chng sy c cht

lng ng u, khi p du thu c trit .

Nu kch thc bt nghin qu nh khi ch ng sy bt khng x p,

nc tip xc khng trit s lm vn c c, dn n hiu qul y du thp. V th

cn chn kch thc bt nghin thch hp nht l 1mm.

7. Chng sy.

Mc ch:

+T o iu kin cho bt nghin c sbi n i vtnh ch t l hc, tc l lm

thay i cc tnh cht vt l ca phn ho nc, phn bo lm cho bt c tnh cht


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n hi hoc t mi lin kt gia du v thnh phn ho nc, khi p du ddng

thot ra.

+ Lm cho nh t ca du trong nguyn liu gim, khi p du dthot ra.

+ To cho mt sthnh ph n khng c li bin i tnh cht ban u

chuyn thnh cc cht c li cho cht lng thnh phm c bit l kh du.

+ Lm bc hi mt phn cht gy mi, cht c di nh hng ca hi

nc v nhit cao.

Bt chng sy vm t tnh cht phi ph hp vi iu kin lm vic ca my p,

m bo hiu sut ly du cao nht. Mun vy bt chng sy phi c tnh cht do,

c tnh n hi v xp.

ch ng sy bt nghin c hai ch : chng sy t v chng sy kh. Ch

ch ng sy t c nhiu u im hn, v trong qu trnh chng sy t c qu

trnh lm m bt nghin n m thch hp sau sy bt t ti m thch hp

cho s lm vi c ca my p. Phng php ny to iu kin thun li cho cc

thnh phn ca bt nghin bin i n mc ti a thch hp. V thta ch n ch

chng sy t, chng sy theo ch ny c hai giai on.Giai on lm m.

Dng nc v hi nc trc tip nng m ca bt ln n m ph hp

vi str ng nph n ho nc ca bt nghin.

Giai on sy kh.

Giai on sy kh l giai on to cho bt nghin c tnh n hi cao, du linh

ng bng cch sy bt bng hi gin tip nng nhi t c a bt ln lm bin i

cc thnh phn n mc ti a thch hp.

Ch tiu c trng cho ch s y l mc lm m bt giai on u, nhit

ch ng sy, thi gian chng sy. Ta chn ch ch ng sy

+ Mc lm m : 9 10%

+ Nhit ch ng sy : 90 105 oC

+ Thi gian chng sy : 45 80pht

+ m ca bt sau khi chng sy :4 5%


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8. p sb.

Mc ch:

Tch mt lng ln 87 90% d u ra khi nguyn liu to iu kin thun li

p ki t du , kh du I sau khi ra khi my p sb d ng mnh khng ph hp

cho vic p kit du nu khng c xl. Trong qu trnh p do pht sinh ma st

nn nhit s t ng v du sb oxi ha, h n ch s bi n i ha hc ny v

m bo hiu sut ly du cn phi p du hai ln. Sau khi p sb xong ta c hai

loi sn phm.

Kh du I: Cha mt lng du ng k, kh du c thnh phn dinh

dng cao, db vi sinh v t xm nhp, ht m v hp phmi m nh.Do

vy cn phi nghin v em vo p kit ngay

Du p I : C m thp, c mi thun khit ca du lc, mu vng

ti hoc vng thm.

9. Nghin ba:

Mc ch:

+T o iu kin thun li cho qu trnh p kit du, kh du I sau khi ra khimy p sb d ng mnh khng ph hp cho vic p kit du nu khng c x

l. Cc mnh kh du I c hnh dng v kch thc khng ng u do khng

th em cn nh b ng cc my cn trc cho d c ng knh c l n cng khng

cun vo khe gia cc trc c, do vic nghin nh kh d u I chc th th c

hin tt trn my nghin ba

10. p kit.

Mc ch:

+Tch h t lng du cn li trong kh du.

1. Kh du II: sau khi p xong em ra lm ngui, nghin v ng bao

2. Du p II:c nhp chung vi du p sb a i lng.

11. Xl kh du :

Kh du sau khi p rt db h h ng nn cn phi x l v b o qun m

bo cht lng kh du. Vic xl kh d u sau khi p gm cc bc


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+ Lm ngui kh d u nhanh chng gim xung nhit bnh th ng.

+ Xay nghin thnh bt d dng s d ng v tch tp cht st.

+ ng bao v a vo bo qun.

12. Lng du.

Mc ch:

Mc ch ca qu trnh lng du l tch loi tp cht c trong du nh: mnh

bt, cc tp cht c h c.Trong qu trnh lng du th, yu t quan tr ng nht nh

hng n qu trnh lng l nhit . Khi nhit t ng, nh t ca du gim lm

tng vn tc ri tdo c a tp cht nhng khi nhit qu cao s lm tan cc ch t

kt tv lm gi m tc l ng cn, hn na, du lc rt db oxi ha nn c n phi

chn nhit thch h p. Ta chn ch l ng nhsau.

Nhit : 30 60 oC .

Thi gian lng: 2 gi.

13. Gia nhit.

Mc ch: lm gim nh t ca du to iu kin cho qu trnh lc tip

theo.Qu trnh gia nhit c tin hnh trong thit bgia nhi t kiu ng chm, du

c nng nhit ln 55 60 oC. Sau du c ua i lc.

14. Lc du.

+ Dng phng php lc nng l qu trnh tch du nng ra khi tp cht khng

tan trong du.Qu trnh lc du c thc hin trn my lc khung bng.nhi t

cao qu trnh lc nhanh, nh t du gim, mt s t p cht tan trong du lm lc

du khng sch.Thng lc du hai ln, lc nng v lc ngui

Du sau khi lc c bm a i thy ha, cn cn lc thu c chuyn trl i

phn xng p thu h i du trong cn.

15. Thy ha.

Mc ch.

Tch ra khi du cc cn ho nc nh photphatit, protein...y u t quan tr ng

trong qu trnh thy ha l lng nc v nhit ti n hnh. Qu trnh thy ha


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tin hnh trong thit bhnh tr y hnh cn c lp bph n gia nhit, ng xon rut

g v cnh khuy. Vic xc nh ch th y ha cn tin hnh phng th nghi m.

Qu thy ha c tin hnh theo trnh tsau.

Cho du vo thit b th y ha sch, nng nhit d u ln theo yu cu 50

60oC lin tc khuy nhnhng trong su t qu trnh nng nhit sau phun u ln

mt du mt lng nc c nhit b ng nhit c a du. Lc ny cn khuy

mnh hn 60 70 vng/ pht t ng cng xc sut va chm gia nc v cc

thnh phn ho nc trong du. Lng nc cho vo thng 35% so v i lng

du, tip tc khuy thm 10 15 pht k t khi phun h t lng nc cn thit v

nng nhit c a du thm 5 7% n a v l ng tnh trong mt gi. Qua van y

tho cn thy ha vo b x l thu h i photphatit du, c gil i ti n hnh

trung ha.

Xl c n photphatit.

Cn photphatit thu c sau khi lng c thnh phn ch y u l photphatit cn

xl ti p tc thu h i photphatit thc phm v tin hnh theo trnh tsau.

+Cho c n vo ni y cn, nng nhit ln 90 95 oC khuy u v rcln mt t ht mui, sau thi gian lng 2 3gi h n hp phn thnh 3 lp. Lp trn

cng l u cho quay trl i thit bth y ha. Lp gia l dch photphatit vi

m khong

40 50% d u trung tnh 24 30%. L p di l lp nc mui thi ra ngoi.

+ Dch photphatit tip tc em sy kh n m 4% nhi t 80 85%

ri ng trong bnh mu kn sau c a vo kho bo qun.

16. Trung ha.

Mc ch:

+ Tch axit bo tdo ra kh i du.

Axit tdo trong d u l mt trong nhng tp cht lm cho du km phm cht.

Khi lng axit bo tdo trong d u vt qu phm vi cho php khng nhng gy tr

ngi cho du vo mc ch thc phm m cn hn chm c ch k thu t khc. Ty


20/123



thuc vo mc ch s d ng ca du l thc phm hay k thu t m chn phng

php tch axit bo tdo nh m t ch s axit quy nh ca du sau tinh ch.

Vic tch axit bo tdo ra kh i du phi m bo theo yu cu sau:

+ Tc nhn a vo c khn ng phn ng nhanh chng vi axit bo tdo

khng tc dng vi du trung tnh.

+ Hn hp phi nhanh chng phn lp v phn lp trit .

+ Du trung tnh ln trong cn d dng tch ra b ng cc phng php n

gin.

+ Khng to thnh dung dch nh t ng bn.

Thc tkhng t c yu cu v tc nhn trung ha thng tc dng vi du

trung tnh gy tn hao du, phn ng vi axit bo t do v tc nhn trung ha l

khng hon ton. V vy sau trung ha vn cn axit bo tdo.

Nhng tc nhn trung ha thng dng tch axit bo t do trong s n xut

thng p dng cc phng php nh ph ng php trung ha bng kim NaOH,

Na2CO3, NaHCO3.

Du lc sau khi thy ha thng c chs t 5 7mg KOH nn ta ch n phngphp trung ha vi nng NaOH 105g/l c tin hnh nhsau:

+Khu y lin tc v nng du ln nhit 50 oC tip theo khuy mnh hn v

phun ln mt du dung dch kim vi nng 105g/l. sau khi phun h t lng kim

tip tc phun ln mt du dung dch mui n nng 8 10%, l ng nc mui

vo khong 20 30l/t n du. Khi phun ht lng nc mui khuy chm dn v

ngng khuy lc cn to thnh c chc tch ra khi du. Trc khi l ng nng

nhit d u ln 60oC thi gian lng 6h. qua van y tho cn vo thit b thu h i

du, cn du c bm qua thit b r a sy.

17. Ra v sy du.

1. Ra du.

Mc ch:

+Tch c n x phng v cn thy ha cn st li trong du sau khi lng

cng on trung ha.


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+ Cn x phng cn li trong du sau cng on trung ha ch y u l nhng

ht x phng c kch thc b, cc mng x phng .

Qu trnh ra du c tin hnh nhsau:

Du trong ni ra c khuy nh v nng nhi t ln 90 95% ti p theo

phun u dung dch mui n tr ng thi si nng 8 10% so v i khi lng

du. Tho cn v nc mui ra du cn li trong ni tip tc cng on sy.

2. Sy du.

Mc ch:

+ Tch nc v khng kh ra khi du.

Du sau khi ra c m vo khong 1%. tch n c trong du phi dng

phng php sy chuy n lng nc trong du ttr ng thi lng sang trng thi

hi bay ra ngoi.

Du lc trong thnh phn cu to c hm lng axit khng no cao, nhi t

cao li tip xc vi khng kh nn rt ddng b oxi ha lm cho d u sm mu.

V th c n sy trong iu kin chn khng nhm h th p nhit bay h i ca

nc hn ch c soxi ha c a du. Sy chn khng cn hn chs tro b t doth i k u ca qu trnh sy khng kh trong du bc ln rt mnh, lm cho du

tro ra khi ni. Qu trnh sy du c tin hnh theo trnh tsau.

Va sy va to chn khng v nng nhi t ln kh ng chnhi t s y

90 95% trong iu kin p sut chn khng 30 60 mmHg.

Sy n khi no m khng c bt li ti ni ln v mt du phng lng th

ngng sy.Du sau khi sy c m ti a 0,2%, chs axit nh h n 0,4mg KOH

hm lng x phng nhh n 0,01%.

18. Ty mu.

S c m t cc cht mu trong du lm cho du c mu sc, lm gim gi tr

cm quan ca du cng nhs n phm thc phm c sd ng du.

Mt s ch t mu cn c tnh c. Vic tch cht mu ra khi du l vn c n

thit.


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Qu trnh ty mu c tin hnh theo phng php hp ph v i tc nhn hp

ph l t v than hot tnh.

To chn khng trong thi t b l ng cht hp ph kho ng 3 5% theo tr ng

lng du v tl than v t hot tnh l 1:2. Gid u nhi t 90 95 oC trong

iu kin p sut chn khng 50 60 mmHg v khu y 50 90 vng/ pht trong

thi gian 20 30 pht. Sau tng tt p su t trong ni n p sut kh quyn ri

dng khuy, hn hp du ln cht hp ph c a i tch cht hp ph.

19. Ly tm.

Mc ch:

Tch tp cht hp ph ra kh i du sau khi ty mu. Qu trnh ly tm c tin

hnh trn my ly tm siu tc iu kin nhit 75 80 oC, cht hp phtch ra

c a i xl ti s d ng, cn du c a i ty mi.

20. Khmi.

Mc ch:

Tch hp cht c mi ra khi du nhm tng tnh cm quan ca du. Cht gy

mi c thc s n trong nguyn liu hoc do cng on sn xut trc mang vonh:mi than, t hot tnh trong cng on ty mu. Hu ht chng tan trong du,

t tan hoc khng tan trong nc, khi chng ct vi nc chng s cu n theo hi

nc ra ngoi.

Gia triglixerit v cc phn t h p cht gy mi c nhit si chnh l ch

nhau. tch h p cht mi c tin hnh theo phng php chng ct. nhi t

cao du lc c thb oxi ha, b th y phn to thnh cc hp cht gy mi mi v

du t s m mu, khi chng ct cn tin hnh nhi t th p trong thit b chn

khng .

Trong sn xut vic to chn khng cng g p nhiu kh khn v phc tp.

V vy t ng cng khn ng bc hi cc cht mi rt ngn thi gian chng ct.

m bo cht lng du v hiu qukinh t ch nn t o p sut chn khng bng

thit bTuy-e hi nc.


23/123



Du trong ni khmi c gia nhit n nhit 220 235 0C bng hi du

dowthern.

Hi nc sc vo ty mi cn bo m cc c tnh sau:

+ Khng c mi v l trnh khng kh l t vo lm nh hng chn khng

v gy ra nhng bin i vch t lng du .

+ Hi nc phi trung tnh .

+ Phi l hi qu nhit (230 260 0C ) m bo nhi t ch ng ct. Nu

hi c nhit qu th p, sng ng ttrong d u lm cho du km cht lng.

Thi gian kh mi 120 pht. D u sau khi khmi c lm ngui xung nhit

50 55 oC v i chit chai bo qun.

21. Chit chai.

Du tinh ch c rt vo cc chai dung tch 500ml, 1000ml, 2000ml bng my

chit rt

22. Bo qun du.

Du c a vo bo qun trc khi a i tiu th, kho bo qun du phi

sch s, kh ro v thong mt.Cc ch tiu c a du lc tinh ch.

+ Chs axit [0,4 mg KOH

+ Cn ch c, cn x phng: khng c

+ m v cht db c hi 100 oC [0,15%

+ Mu sc : vng sng hoc vng xanh

+ mi v: khng c.

+ trong c a du sau khi lng 20 oC trong 24h trong sut.

+ Nhit bng chy c a du khng thp hn 234oC.


24/123



CHNG IV

CN BNG VT LIUch n thit b cho ph h p, tnh c hiu sut lm vic cng nhs n phm

ca nh my, l p kho ch sn xut th trc tin phi tnh cn bng vt liu, v

thta ph i lp biu s n xut .

4.1. Lp biu sn xut.

1. Biu sca, sthng sn xut.

Nh my sn xut du lc tinh chho t ng theo sngy quy nh trong nm

m bo hiu qukinh t .

Nh my ch ngh s n xut vo nhng ngy l, tt ch nh t v cthng 9 i

tu li thit bmy mc. Nh ng thng cn li u hot ng 3 ca lin tc.

Bng IV - 1 : Biu thi gian sn xut trong nm

Thng 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Thi giansn xut

x x x x x x x x x x x

2. Biu sngy / sca sn xut.

Sngy trong n m :365 ngy

Sngy ngh i tu : 30 ngy

Sngy ngh l , tt, ch nh t : 55 ngy

Sngy s n xut : 365 - (30 + 55) = 280 ngy

Sca s n xut : 280. 3 = 840 ca

Sgi s n xut : 840. 8 = 6720 gi.

Nng sut ca nh my: 428,4466720

10.3000 3= kg du /gi

4.2. Tnh cn bng vt liu.

1. Cc thng skthut ban u.

+ Hm lng v qu : 28% so v i lng qu


25/123



+ Hm lng nhn : 72% so vi lng qu

+ Hm lng du ca nhn : 50% so vi lng cht kh

+ m bt nghin :5%

+ m bt sau khi chng : 9%

+ m bt sau khi sy : 4%

+ Hm lng du trong kh du I:20% so vi lng cht kh

+ Hm lng du trong kh du II: 5% so vi lng cht kh

+ m du sau khi p 1%

+ m du sau khi sy 0,2%+Chs axit c a du th 5mg KOH

+Nng sut nh my 3.000 tn du/nm

Bng IV-2 Mc hao ht cc cng on tnh theo % so vi khi lng

STT Cng onHao ht % so vi

khi lng nguyn liu

1 Phi sy , lm sch 1,5

2 Bo qun 1,0

3 Bc v 1,5

4 Nghin cn 1,5

5 Chng sy 0,5

6 p sb 0,5

7 Nghin ba 0,5

8 p kit 0,5

9 Lng 1,0

10 Gia nhit 0,5

11 Lc 1,0

12 Thy ha 2,0

13 Trung ha 2,0


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14 Ra sy 1,5

15 Ty mu 1,5

16 Ly tm 1,0

17 Ty mi 1,0

18 Chit chai 0,5

19 Thnh phm 0,5

2. Tnh cn bng vt liu

cho vi c tnh ton ddng v thu n li ta tnh cho 1000 kg nguyn liu/h1.Lng nguyn liu thu nhn vo nh my 1000 kg/h

2.Lng nguyn liu em i phi sy,lm sch

985100

)5,1100(1000 =

kg/h

3.Lng nguyn liu em i bo qun

15975100

01100985 ,

),(=

kg/h

4.Lng nguyn liu em bc v

522960100

5110015975 ,

),(, =

kg/h

5.Lng nhn em nghin cn

202681100

51100

100

72522960 ,

),(, =

kg/h

6.Lng bt nghin em chng sy

795677100

50100202681 ,

),(, =

kg/h

Lng m trong bt nghin

88933,100

5677,795 = kg/h

Gi lng m thm vo khi chng l a sau khi ch ng t m l 9 %


27/123



Ta c:100

9

795677

88933=

+

+

a,

a,

a = 29,794 kg/h

Gi lng m bay ra khi sy l b sau khi s y t m l 4%

Ta c100

4

795677

88933=

+

+

ba,

ba,

b = 36,853 kg/h

7.Lng bt chng sy em vo p sb

382667100 501008533679429795677 ,,),,,( =+ kg/h

8.Lng du p sb

Gi Bx l lng bt chng sy em vo p sb

Bx = 667,382 kg/h

Lng cht kh(cd u) trong bt chng sy

XX B.k

100

4100 =

h/kg,,.kX

686640382667100

4100=

=

Lng du trong bt chng sy

XX k.D100

50=

686640

100

50,.D

X= = 320,343 kg/h

Gi lng du p sb l X

ra l ng du cn li trong kh du I l.

h/kg).Xk(X 100

20

Ta c phng trnh cn bng du khi p sb

XX D).Xk(X =+

100

20


28/123



h/kg,,.,.

X 25724080

68664020343320100=

=

9.Lng kh du I em nghin ba

100

50100

100

257240257240382667

100

501001

,).

,,,(

,%)..XXB(

X

=

= 422,599 kg/h

Trong X.1% :lng m chuyn vo du

10.Lng bt nghin kh du I a vo p kit

h/kg,,

., 486420100

50100599422 =

11.Lng du p kit c

Ta c phng trnh cn bng m khi p sb

DYXXX W.XW).XB(W.B +=

XB

X.WW.BW

X

DXX

Y

=

Trong

WY: m ca kh du I(%)

BX: Lng bt chng sy BX= 667,382 kg/h

X : Lng du p sb c X = 240,257 kg/h

WX: m bt chng sy WX= 4%

WD: m du sau khi p WD= 1%

257240382667

12572404382667,,

%.,%.,WY

=

05690257240382667

010257240040382667,

,,

,.,,.,=

=

W Y= 5,96%

Gi BYl l ng bt nghin kh du I em i p kit

BY=420,486

Lng cht kh(cd u) trong bt nghin kh du I


29/123



Y

Y

Y B.W

K100

100 =

h/kg,,, 56396486420100

965100 ==

Lng du trong bt nghin kh du I

YY K.D100

20=

h/kg,,. 3127956396100

20==

Gi Y l lng du p kit cL ng du cn li trong kh du II l

Yy D).YK( =100

5

95

5100 YY K.D.

Y

=

h/kg,,.,.

6156295

56396531279100=

=

12.Lng kh du II sau khi p kit

100

501001

,%)..YYB(

Y

100

50100

100

16156261562486420 ,

).,,,( =

h/kg,459355=

Trong Y.1% : lng m chuyn vo du

13.Lng du em i lng

100

0110061562257240

100

01100 ,),,(

,)YX(

+=

+

h/kg,843299=

14.Lng du em i gia nhit

h/kg,,

., 344298100

50100843299 =


30/123



15.Lng du em i lc

h/kg,,

., 36295100

01100344298 =

16.Lng du em i thy ha

h/kg,,

., 453289100

0210036295 =

17.Lng du em i trung ha

h/kg,,

., 664283100

02100453289 =

18.Lng du a vo cng on ra sy

h/kg,,

., 409279100

51100664283 =

19.Lng du em vo ty mu

h/kg,

,

., 218275100

51100

409279 =

20.Lng du em vo cng on ly tm

h/kg,,

., 466272100

01100218275 =

21.Lng du em khmi

h/kg,,

., 741269100

01100466272 =

22.Lng du em chit chai

h/kg,,

., 392268100

50100741269 =

23.Lng du thnh phm

h/kg,,

., 05267100

50100392268 =


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4.3. Tnh nguyn vt liu ph

1. Lng nc cn dng thy ha(3% so vi khi lng u)

h/kg,., 6848100

3453289 =

2. Lng NaOH kthut cn dng trung ha

a

f.

,

.D.AK

1156

40=

Trong :

A : Chs axit c a du cn trung ha A = 5mgKOH

D : Lng du cn trung ha D = 283,664 kg/h

40; 56,11: Khi lng phn tNaOH v KOH

f : Hs ki m df= 1,15

a : tinh khi t ca NaoH k thu t a = 0,92

h/kg,,

,.

.,

.,.K 2641

920

151

10001156

406642835==

3. Lng dung dch NaOH cn dng trung ha.1000

.ddK

k

=

Trong :

k : Lng NaOH k thu t cn dng trung ha

k = 1,264 kg/h

: N ng dung d ch kim = 105 g/l

: Kh i lng ring ca NaOH 50 oC = 1,105 kg/l

h/kg,,..,

kdd

302131051105

10002641==

4. Lng dung dch mui 10% dng tng cng kh nng lng cn x

phng(30 lt/tn du)

h/l,,.

MNacl

50981000

66428330==


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5. Lng dung dch mui nng 10% dng ra ln u(10% so vi

khi lng du)

h/l,., 942710010409279 =

6. Lng nc trng thi si dng ra(2 ln mi ln 10% so vi khi

lng du)

h/kg,.,. 88255100

104092792 =

7. Lng cht hp thcn dng ty mu(3% so vi khi lng du)

h/kg,., 2578100

3218275 =

Trong bao gm c than ho t tnh v t hot tnh vi t l 1:2.L ng than

hot tnh cn dng h/kg,., 75223

12578 = .

Lng t hot tnh cn dng.

h/kg,., 50553

2

2578 =

Trn cs tnh cho 1000 kg nguyn liu/h ta lp c bng tng kt tng

ng vi nng sut nh my 3000 tn du/nm

Bng IV-3 : Tng kt cn bng vt liu

Tnh theo nng sut nh my kg/h

STT Cng onTnh cho

1000 kg/h Nguyn liu

v du

Nguyn vt

liu ph

1 Thu nhn 1000 1671,718

2 Phi sy, lm sch 985 1646,642

3 Bo qun 975,15 1630,175

4Bc v

V qu

960,522

268,946

1605,721

449,601


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5 Nghin cn 681,202 1138,770

6

Chng sy

Lng m thm vo

Lng m bay ra

677,796

29,794

36,853

1133,083

49,807

61,607

7

p sb

Du p I

Kh du I

667,382

240,257

422,599

1115,674

401,641

706,466

8

p kit

Bt nghin kh du I

Du p II

Kh du II

420,486

62,615

355,459

702,934

104,674

594,227

9 Lng 299,843 501,252

10 Gia nhit 298,344 498,747

11 Lc 295,36 493,758

12Thy ha

Nc nng

289,453

8,684

483,883

14,517

13

Trung ha

Dung dch NaOH

Nc mui

283,664

13,302

8,509

474,202

22,236

14,224

14

Ra sy

Nc mui

Nc si

279,409

27,94

55,257

467,088

46,707

92,373

15 Ty mu 275,218 460,082

16 Ly tm 272,466 455,482

17 Ty mi 269,741 450,926

18 Chit chai 268,392 448,671

19 Thnh phm 267,05 446,428


34/123



CHNG V

CN BNG NHIT5.1. Cng on chng sy.

A.Phn chng.

1. Nhit vo QVA

a. Nhit do bt chng sy mang vo Q1

Nhi t do du mang vo.

QD= M D.CD.t

Trong :

MD:l ng du trong bt nghin

Theo bng V-4 lng bt chng sy l 1133,083 kg/h trong lng m chim

5% v hm lng du trong bt nghin chim 50%

M D= 1133,083. hkg/214,538100

50.

100

95=

CD: Nhi t dung ring ca du CD= 0,5kcal/kg.

t : nhit vo c a bt nghin t = 26oC.

Q D= 538,214. 0,5.26 = 6996,787 kcal/h.

Nhi t do m trong bt nghin mang vo

QN= C N.MN.t

Trong :

CN: nhi t dung ring ca nc 26oC

CN= 0,99885 kcal/ [VII - 165]

M N= 100

5.083,1133 = 56,654 kg/h

Q N= 26.56,654.0,99885 =1471,37 kcal/h

Nhi t do cht kh (khng du ) trong bt nghin mang vo.

Qk= M k.Ck.t.

Trong :

Mk : lng cht kh (khng du ) trong bt nghin mang vo.


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Mk= 1133,083 - 538,214 56,654 = 538,215 kg/h

Ck: nhit dung ring ca cht kh (khng du )

Ck=2

gp cc +

Trong :

Cp : nhi t dung ring ca protit Cp= 0,5 kcal/kg.

Cg : nhi t dung ring ca gluxit Cg = 0,32 kcal/kg.

C k=2

32050 ,, += 0,41 kcal/kg.

Q k= 538,215.0,41.26 = 5737,361 kcal/h

Vy : Q1 = Q D+ Q N + Q k

Q1 = 6996,787 + 1471,310 + 5737,361 = 15676,768 kcal/h

b.Nhit nc lm m mang vo.

Q2 = N 1.CN1.tN1

Trong :

N1= l ng nc lm m (kg/h)Lng nc thm vo khi chng (A =49,807 kg/h, xem bng V - 4) do hi

nc trc tip v nc nng chng cung cp vi t l 1:1

N 1=2

807,49

2=

A= 24,903 kg/h [VII - 165]

CN1: nhi t n c lm m

CN= 1,00208 kcal/kg. , tN1= 75oC

Q 2 = 24,903.1,00208.75 = 1871,610 kcal/hc. Nhit do hi nc trc tip mang vo.

Q3 = H 1.i

Lng hi nc trc tip a vo bng lng lm m nhng v trong thc t

hi nc khng ngng t hon ton nn ch n h s d c a hi nc l 1,5 ln so

vi l thuyt.

H1= 1,5 . N 1= 1,5 .24,903 = 37,354 kg/h

i : nhit lng ring ca hi nc 132,9 0C


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i = 655,5 kcal/h [VII - 313]

Q 3= 37,354.655,5 = 24485,874 kcal/h

d.Nhit do khng kh mang vo

Q4 = M kk.Ckk.t

Trong :

Mkk: lng khng kh em vo khi chng.

Mkk= 1,6.h

kk

p

P.w

ph: p su t hi trong tng chng, chn ph = 0,6 at

pkk = 1- ph= 1- 0,6 = 0,4 at

w : lng hi tha.

w = H1- N1= 37,354 - 24,903 = 12,451 kg/h

M kk = 1,6.60

40

,

,. 12,451 = 13,281 kg/h

Ckk: nhi t dung ring ca khng kh 26oC

Ckk= 0,239 kcal/kg. [VII - 204]

Q 4 = 13,281.0,239.26 = 82,528 kcal/h

e. Nhit do hi nc gin tip a vo.

Q5 = H 2.i = H2.655,5kcal/h

Trong :

H2: l ng hi nc gin tip cn thit trong phn chng kg/h

Vy : QVA= Q 1+ Q 2+ Q 3 + Q4+ Q 5

= 15676,768 + 1871,610 + 24485,874 + 82,528 + 655,5. H2

= 42116,78 + 655,5.H2

2. Nhit ra QRA.

a.Nhit do bt chng mang ra. (Q1)

+ Nhit do du trong bt chng mang ra

QD = MD. CD.t

Trong : MD:L ng du c trong bt nghin MD= 538,214 kg/h


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CD: Nhi t dung ring ca du CD= 0,5 kcal/kg.

t : Nhit c a bt chng t = 80oC

Q D= 538,214.0,5.80 = 21528,56 kcal/h

+ Nhit do nc trong bt chng mang ra

QN = MN. CN.t

Trong :

MN:L ng nc trong bt chng.

MN= 56,654 + 49,807 = 106,461 kg/h

CN: nhi t dung ring ca nc 80oC

CN= 1,00294 kcal/kg. [VII - 165]

Q N= 106,461. 1,00294.80 = 8541,919 kcal/h

+ Nhit do cht kh (khng du) trong bt chng mang ra.

QK = MK. CK.t.

= 538,215.0,41.80 = 17653,452 kcal/h

Vy : QN = Q D+ Q N+ Q K

= 21528,56 + 8541,919 + 17653,452= 47723,931 kcal/h

b.Nhit do hi tha mang ra.

Q2= w. i = 12,451.655,5 = 8161,630 kcal/h

c. Nhit do khng kh mang ra.

Q3 = Mkk. Ckk.t.

Trong :

Ckk: nhi t dung ring ca khng kh 80oC.

Ckk= 0,241kcal/kg. [VII - 204]

Q3= 13,281.0,241.80 = 256,057 kcal/h

d.Nhit do nc ngng mang ra

Q4 = H2. cn.tn.

Trong :

H2: l ng hi ngng t kg/h


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cn : nhit dung ring ca nc p su t vo 3at nhit h i 132,9oC

cn= 1,0183 kcal/kg.

tn : nhi t c a nc ngng tn = 132,9oC

Q4 = H2.1,0183. 132,9 = 135,33. H2kcal/h

e. Nhit tn tht.

Q5= 0,03. Q 5= 0,03. 655,5.H 2= 19,665.H 2kcal/h

Vy : QRA= Q N+ Q 2+ Q 3+ Q 4+ Q 5

= 47723,931 + 8161,630 + 256,057 + 135,33.H2+ 19,655.H 2

= 56141,618 + 154,995.H2

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit cho phn chng

QVA= Q RA

42115,78 + 655,5. H2 = 56141,618 + 154,995. H 2

H 2= 28,021 kg/h.

Vy lng hi gin tip trong phn chng l 70,666 kg/h.

B. Phn sy.

1. Nhit vo (QVB)a.Nhit do bt chng mang vo.

Q6= Q 1= 47723,931 kcal/h

b.Nhit do nc gin tip cung cp.

Q7= H 3.i = H3.655,5 kcal/h

Vy QVB= Q 6+ Q 7

= 47723,931 + H3.655,5 kcal/h

2. Nhit ra (QVB).

a.Nhit do bt chng mang ra.

Nhit du trong bt chng mang ra.

QD= M D.CD.t

Trong :

t :Nhit ra c a bt chng sy. t = 100oC.

Q D= 538,214.0,5.100 = 26910,7 kcal/h


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Nhit do nc trong bt chng sy mang ra.

QN= M N.CN.t

Trong :

MN: L ng nc trong bt chng sy kg/h

(B = 61,607 kg/h bng V - 4)

M N= 56,654 + 49,807 - 61,607 = 44,854 kg/h.

CN: nhi t dung ring ca nc 100oC.

CN= 1,00763kcal/ [VII - 165]

Q N= 44,854.1,00763.100 = 4519,623 kcal/h

Nhit do cht kh (khng du) trong bt chng mang ra.

QK= M K.CK.t

= 538,215.0,41.100 = 22066,815 kcal/h.

Vy : Q8= Q D+ Q N+ Q K.

= 26910,7 + 4519,623 + 22066,815 = 53497,138 kcal/h

b.Nhit do nc bc hi mang ra.

Q9= B.r

Trong :

B : Lng m bc hi trong qu trnh sy B = 61,607 kg/h

r : Nhit ha hi ca nc 80 oC , r = 551,2 kcal/h [VII - 312]

Q 9 = 61,607.551,2 = 33957,778 kcal/h

c. Nhit do nc ngng mang ra

Q10 = H 3.cn. tn.

= H3.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H3 kcal/h

d.Nhit tn tht

Q11 = 0,03.Q 7= 0,03.655,5.H 3= 19,665.H 3

Vy : QRB= Q 8 + Q 9 + Q 10+ Q 11

= 53497,138 + 33957,778 + 135,33.H3 + 19,665.H 3

= 87454,916 + 154,995.H3 kcal/h

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit cho phn sy.


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QVB= Q RB

47723,931 + 655,5.H3 = 87454,916 + 154,995.H 3

H 3 = 79,381 kg/h

Vy lng hi cn dng trong cng on chng sy

H1 + H 2+ H 3= 37,354 + 28,021 + 79,381

= 144,756 kg/h.

5.2. Cng on lng.

Du a vo lng cn c nhit 26 oC trong qu trnh lng c tin hnh

40oC

1. Nhit vo QVC

a.Nhit do du mang vo.

Q6= D 1.cD.t

D1: lng du vo cng on lng D1= 501,252 kg/h

CD= 0,5kcal/kg.

t1= 26oC

Q 6= 501,252.0,5.26 = 6516,276 kcal/hb.Nhit do hi gin tip cung cp.

Q7= H 4.i = H4.655,5 kcal/h

Vy : QVC = Q6+ Q 7 = 616,576 + 655,5.H 4

2. Nhit ra QRC.

a.Nhit do du mang ra

Q8= D 1. cd.t2.

t2 : Nhi t ra c a du t2 = 40oC

Q 8= 501,252.0,5.40 = 10025,04 kcal/h

b.Nhit do nc ngng mang ra.

Q9= H 4.cn.tn

Q 9= H 4.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H4 kcal/h

c. Nhit tn tht

Q10 = 0,03.H 7= 0,03.H 4.i = 0,03.655,5.H4= 19,665.H 4kcal/h


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Vy : QRC= Q 8+ Q 9+ Q 10

= 10025,04 + 135,33.H4+ 19,665.H 4

= 10025,04 + 154,995.H4

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit qu trnh lng.

QVC= Q RC

6516,276 + 655,5.H 4= 10025,04 + 154,995.H 4

H 4 = 7,01 kg/h.

5.3. Cng on gia nhit

Du tthi t b l ng sang thit bgia nhi t, nhit gi m xung cn 35

o

C. Qutrnh gia nhit c tin hnh 60oC.

1. Nhit vo QVD.

a. Nhit do du mang vo.

Q11 = D 2.cD.t3

D2: l ng du a vo thit b gia nhi t kg/h

D2= 498,747 kcal/h

t3 = 35 oC Q 11= 498,747.0,5.35 = 8728,072 kcal/h

b.Nhit do hi gin tip cung cp.

Q12 = H 5.i = 655,5.H5kcal/h

H5: l ng hi nc cn thit gia nhi t kg/h

Vy ; QVD= Q 11+ Q 12= 8728,072 + 655,5.H 5

2. Nhit ra QRD


Q13 = D 2.cD.t4

t4 = 60oC nhit ra c a du

Q 13 = 498,747.0,5.60 = 14962,41/h

b.Nhit do nc ngng mang ra

Q14 = H 5.cn.tn

Trong : Lng nc ngng bng lng hi nc a vo


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cn: nhi t dung ring ca nc ngng

cn = 1,0183 kcal/kg.

tn = 132,9 oC

Q 14= H 5.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H5 kcal/h

c. Nhit tn tht.

Q15 = Q 12.0,03.H5.i = 0,03.655,5.H5= 19,665.H5kcal/h

Vy : QRD= Q 13+ Q 14 + Q 15

= 14692,41 + 135,33.H5+ 19,665.H 5

= 14692,41 + 154,995.H5

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit ca qu trnh gia nhit.

QVD= Q RD

8728,072 + 655,5.H 5= 14692,41 + 154,995.H 5

H 5 = 11,916 kg/h

5.4. Cng on thy ha.

Du sau khi lc vo thng cha nhit gi m dn do nhit c a du a

vo thng thy ha l 26o

C. Qu trnh thy ha c tin hnh 50o

C nhit c anc dng th y ha 50oC

1. Nhit vo QVE.

a.Nhit do du mang vo

Q12 = D 3.cD.t5

D3: L ng du vo cng on thy ha

D3= 483,883 kg/h

t5: Nhit vo c a du

Q12 = 483,883.0,5.26 = 6290,479 kcal/h

b.Nhit do nc mang vo.

Q13 =222 NNN

t.C.D

Dn:L ng nc a vo thy ha. Dn = 14,517, t n= 50oC

Cn: nhi t dung ring ca nc 50oC, cn= 0,99919 kcal/kg.

Q13 = 14,517. 0,99919.50 = 725,262 kcal/h


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c. Nhit do hi gin tip cung cp.

Q14 = H 6.i = 655,5.H6kcal/h

Vy : QVE= Q 12 + Q 13 + Q 14

= 6290,479 + 725,262 + 655,5.H6

= 7015,741 + 655,5.H6

2. Nhit ra QRE.


Q15 = (D 3- MC 1 ).C D.t6

Trong :

t6: Nhi t ra c a du t6= 50oC

Gi MC1l ng cn photphatit thu c sau thy ha, hao ht trong cng on

thy ha 2% ring lng cn chim 0,2%

Vy : MC1= hkgD /967,0100

2,0.883,483

100

2,0.3 ==

Q 15 = (483,883 - 0,967).0,5.50 = 12072,880 kcal/h

b.

Nhit do nc mang raQ16 = Q 13= 725,262/h

c. Nhit do cn photphatit mang ra

617 11t.C.MQ

CC=

Trong :

t6: Nhit ra c a cn photphatit t6 = 50oC

1CC : Nhit dung ring cn photfatit 50

1,C

C = kcal/kg.

Q 17 = 0,967.0,5.50 = 24,175 kcal/h


Q18 = H 6.cn.tn

Q 18 = H 6. 1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H6kcal/h

e. Nhit tn tht

Q19 = 0,03.Q 14= 0,03.655,5.H 6 = 19,665.H6

Vy : QRE = Q 15 + Q 16 + Q 17+ Q 18+ Q 19


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= 12072,880 + 725,262 + 24,175 + 135,33.H6+ 19,665.H 6

= 12822,317 + 154,995.H6

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit ca qu trnh thy ha

QVE= Q RE

7015,741 + 655,5.H 6= 12822,317 + 154,995.H 6

H 6 = 11,601 kg/h.

5.5. Cng on trung ha.

Du sau khi thy ha c nhit 50 oC tin hnh trung ha nhi t 60 oC

1. Nhit vo QVF

a.Nhit .

Q20 = D 4.cD.t7

Trong :

D4: L ng du vo cng on trung ha D4= 474,202kg/h

t7 : Nhi t vo c a du t7 = 50oC

Q 20 = 474,202.0,5.50 =11855,05 kcal/h

b.Nhit do dung dch kim mang vo

Q21 = K dd. cdd. tdd

Trong :

Kdd: L ng dung dch kim dng trung ha. K dd = 22,236 kg/h

cdd: Nhi t dung ring ca dung dch kim NaOH nng 105g/l 50oC

cdd= 0,94 kcal/kg. [VII - 175]

Q 21 = 22,236.0,94.50 = 1045,092 kcal/h

c. Nhit do nc mui mang vo.

Q22 = M 1.CM.tM

Trong :

M1 : l ng nc mui mang vo theo nng sut nh my

M1 = 14,224.1,054 =14,992 l/h [B ng IV - 4]

1,054 :khi lng ring NaCl 10%


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CM: nhi t dung ring ca nc mui nng 10%

t M= 102oC , CM= 1,0096 kcal/h.

Q22 = 14,992.1,0096.102 = 1543,874 kcal/h.

d.Nhit do hi nc gin tip cung cp.

Q23 = H 7.i = 655,5.H7kcal/h

Trong :

H7: l ng hi gin tip cn thit trong cng on trung ha kg/h

Vy : QVF= Q 20+ Q 21 + Q 22 + Q 23

= 11855,05 + 1045,092 + 1542,874+ 655,5.H7

= 14444,016 + 655,5.H7

2. Nhit ra QRF

a.Nhit do du mang ra.

Q24 = D 5.cD.t8

Trong :

D5= D 4- MC 2

MC2 : l ng cn x phng thu c sau khi trung ha, hao ht du l 1,5%so vi lng du a vo.

MC2= hkgD /113,7202,474.100

5,1.

100

5,14 ==

D 5 = 474,202 - 7,113 = 467,088 kg/h.

t8 : nhi t ra c a du t8= 60oC

Q 24 = 467,088.0,5.60 = 14012,64 kcal/h.

b.Nhit do nc mui mang ra.

Q25 = M 1.CM.t8= 14,992.1,0096.60 = 908,155 kcal/h

c. Nhit do cn x phng mang ra

Q26 = 822 t.C.M CC

Trong :

2CC : Nhit dung ring ca cn x phng .

2CC = 0,65 kcal/kg.


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Q 26 = 7,113.0,65.60 = 277,407 kcal/h


Q27 = H 7.cn.tn

= H7.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H7kcal/h

e. Nhit tn tht

Q28 = 0,03.Q 23= 0,03.655,5.H 7 = 19,665 kcal/h.

Vy QRF= Q 24+ Q 25 + Q 26 + Q 27+ Q 28

= 14012,64 + 908,155 + 277,407 + 19,665.H7+ 135,33.H 7

= 15198,202 + 154,995.H7

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit ca qu trnh trung ha.

QVF= Q RF

14444,016 + 655,5.H 7= 15198,202 + 154,995.H 7

H 7 = 1,506kg/h

5.6. Cng on ra sy.

A. Ra du.

Du t thi t b trung ha vo thi t b r a sy nhit gi m xung cn 55o

C.Qu trnh ra du bng nc v nc mui u tin hnh 90 oC.

1. Nhit vo QVG


Q16 = D 6.CD.t9

Trong :

D6: L ng du vo cng on ra sy D6= 467,088 kg/h

t9 : Nhi t vo c a du. t9= 55 oC

Q 16 = 467,0188.0,5.55 = 12844,92 kcal/h

b. Nhit do nc mui mang vo.

Q17 = M 2.CM.tM

Trong :

CM: Nhi t dung ring ca nc mui nng 105 g/l C M=1,0096 kcal/kg

M2: L ng mui dng r a nhi t 90o

C, M2= 46,707 kg/h.


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Q 17 = 46,707.1,0096.90 = 4243,984 kcal/h

c. Nhit do nc ra mang vo.

Q18 =333 NN

t.C.N

Trong :

3NC : Nhi t dung ring ca nc nhi t 90 oC

3NC = 1,00502 kcal/kg.

N3: L ng nc dng r a mang vo N3 = 92,373 kg/h

Q 18 = 92,373.1,00502.90 = 8355,304 kcal/h

d. Nhit do hi nc gin tip cung cp.

Q19 = H 8.i = H8.655,5 kcal/h.

Trong :

H8: L ng hi nc cn thit cho qu trnh ra du kg/h.

Vy : QVG= Q 16 + Q 17 + Q 18 + Q 19

= 12844,92 + 4243,984 + 8355,304 + 655,5.H8

= 25444,208 + 655,5.H8

2. Nhit ra QRG.

a. Nhit do du mang ra.

Q20 = D 6.CD.t10

Trong :

t10 : Nhi t ra c a du. t10 = 90oC

Q 20 = 467,088.0,5.90 = 21018,96 kcal/h

b. Nhit do nc mui mang ra.Q21 = M 2.CM.t10

Q 21 = 46,707.1,0096.90 = 4243,984 kcal/h

c. Nhit do nc ra mang ra.

Q22 = 103 3 t.'C.N N

Trong :

3N'C : Nhi t dung ring ca nc nhi t 90

o

C


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3N'C = 1,00526 kcal/kg.

Q 22 = 92,373.1,00526.90 = 8355,304 kcal/h

d. Nhit do nc ngng mang ra.

Q23 = H 8.cn.tn= H 8.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H8kcal/h.

e. Nhit tn tht.

Q24 = 0,03.Q 19 = 0,03.655,5.H 8= 19,665.H 8kcal/h.

Vy : QRG= Q 20+ Q 21 + Q 22+ Q 23+ Q24

= 21018,96 + 4243,984 + 8355,304 + 135,33.H8 + 655,5.H 8

= 33618,248 + 154,995.H8 kcal/h.Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit qu trnh ra du

QVG= Q RG

25444,208 + 655,5.H 8= 33618,248 + 154,995.H 8

H 8= 16,331kg/h

B. Sy du

Qu trnh ra du tin hnh trong cng thit b, do nhit c a du sau khi

ra cng l nhit c a qu trnh sy. Nhit sau khi r a l 900C, qu trnh sy

c tin hnh 95 0C.

1. Nhit vo QVH


Q25 = D 7.CD.t11

Trong :

Lng du v cng on ra sy : D = 467,088 kg/ht11 : Nhi t vo c a du. t11 = 90

oC

D7 = D - M A(l ng m trong du l 1%)

MA= 467,088. 670,4100

1= kg/h

D 7 = 467,088 - 4,670 = 462,418 kg/h

Q 25 = 462,418.0,5.90 = 20808,81 kcal/h


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b. Nhit do m mang vo.

Q26 = M A.CD.t11

Trong : MA= 4,670

CD: nhi t dung ring ca nc 900C

CD= 1,00526 kcal/kg.

Q'26= 4,67.1,00526.90 = 442,516 kcal/h

c. Nhit do hi nc gin tip cung cp

Q27 = H 9.i = 655,5.H9

Vy : QVH= Q 25+ Q 26+ Q 27

= 20808,81 + 442,516 + 655,5.H9

= 21251,326 + 655,5.H9

2. Nhit ra QRH


Q28 = D 7CD.t12

Trong :

t12 : Nhi t ra c a du. t12 = 95o

C Q 28 = 462,418.0,5.95 = 21964,855 kcal/h

b. Nhit do m trong du mang ra.

Q29 = D 7.CD.t12

V du sau khi sy c m 0,2%

Nn: MA = 934,0100

2,0.088,467 = kg/h

153,466934,0088,467//7 ==D kg/h

Q 29 = 466,153.0,5.95 = 22142,267 kcal/h

c. Nhit do m mang ra thhi.

Q30 =///7 . hhD r

Trong :

D7: L ng m ca du mang ra khi sy

D7= D' - D' = 466,153 - 462,418 = 3,735 kg/h


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rhh: Nhi t ha hi ca m 145oC, rhh= 509,6 kcal/kg/h [VII - 312]

Q 30 = 3,735.509,6 = 1903,356 kcal/h


Q31 = H 9.cn.tn= H 9.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H9kcal/h.

e. Nhit tn tht.

Q32 = 0,03.Q 27 = 0,03.655,5.H 9= 19,665.H 9kcal/h.

Vy : QRH= Q 28+ Q 29 + Q 30+ Q 31+ Q32

= 21964,855 + 22142,267 + 1903,356 + 135,33.H9+19,66.H 9

= 46010,478 + 154,995.H9 kcal/h.

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit qu trnh sy du

QVH= Q RH

21251,326 + 655,5.H 9= 46010,478 + 154,995.H 9

H 9= 49,468 kg/h

Vy lng hi nc cn thit cho qu trnh ra sy

H8+ H 9 = 16,331 + 49,468 = 65,799 kg/h.

5.7. Cng on ty mu.

Du t thi t b t y mu nhit gi m xung cn 90oC qu trnh ty mu c

tin hnh 95 oC

1. Nhit vo QVI

a.Nhit do du mang vo.

Q29 = D 8.CD.t13

Trong :

D8: L ng du vo cng on ty mu D8 = 460,082 kg/h

t13 : Nhi t vo c a du. t13 = 90oC

Q 29 = 460,082.0,5.90 = 20703,69 kcal/h

b.Nhit do than hot tnh mang vo.

Q30 = M T.CT.tT

Trong :

CT : Nhi t dung ring ca ca hot tnh CT = 0,2066 kcal/kg/h. [VII - 8]


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MT: L ng than dng t y mu MT= 10,501 kg/h.

tT : Nhi t c a than hot tnh tT= 26oC

Q 30 = 4,601.0,2066.26 = 24,714 kcal/h

c. Nhit do t hot tnh mang vo.

Q31 = M d.Cd.td

Trong :

Md: L ng t hot tnh dng t y mu.

Md= 9,201 kg/h

Cd: Nhi t dung ring ca t hot tnh, Cd = 0,2197 kcal/kg.

td : Nhi t c a t hot tnh td= 26oC

Q 31 = 9,201.0,2197.26 = 52,557 kcal/h

d.Nhit do hi nc gin tip cung cp.

Q32 = H 10.i = H10.655,5 kcal/h.

Trong :

H10: L ng hi nc dng cung c p nhit

Vy : QVI= Q 29+ Q 30 + Q 31 + Q 32= 20703,69 + 24,714 + 52,557 + 655,5.H10

= 20780,961 + 655,5.H10

2. Nhit ra QVI


Q33 = D 8.CD.t14

Trong :

t14 : Nhi t ra c a du. t14 = 95oC

Q 33 = 460,082.0,5.95 = 21853,895 kcal/h

b. Nhit do hot tnh mang ra.

Q34 = M T.CT.t14

Q 34 = 4,601.0,2066.95 = 90,303 kcal/h

c. Nhit do t hot tnh mang ra.

Q35 = M d.Cd.t14= 9,021.0,2197.95 = 192,038 kcal/h.


52/123




Q35 = H 10.cn.tn = H 10.1,0183.132,9 = 135,33.H10kcal/h.

e. Nhit tn tht.

Q37 = 0,03.Q 32= 0,03.655,5.H 10 = 19,665.H 10kcal/h.

Vy : QRI = Q 33+ Q 34+ Q 35 + Q 36+ Q37

= 21853,895 + 90,303 + 192,038 + 135,33.H10+ 19,665.H 10

= 22136,236 + 154,995.H10

Ta c phng trnh cn bng nhit qu trnh ty mu

QVI = Q RI

20780,961 + 655,5.H 10= 22136,236+ 154,995.H10

H 10 = 2,707 kg/h

Bng V - 1. Bng tng kt cn bng nhit

STT Cng on Lng hi tiu hao kg/h

1 Chng sy 144,7562 Lng 7,01

3 Gia nhit 11,916

4 Thy ha 11,601

5 Trung ha 1,506

6 Ra sy 65,799

7 Ty mu 2,707

Tng lng hi tiu hao 245,295


53/123



CHNG VI

TNH V CHN THIT B6.1. Schv p du.

1. My lm sch nguyn liu.

Nng sut cn thit (kg/h) : 1646,642

Chn my sng qut STC-40, c tnh k thu t nhsau [VII - 143]

Nng sut kg/h : 6000

Tc tr c quay v/p : 460

Cng sut cn thit KW :

i vi sng : 1

i vi qut : 1,7

Khn ng lm sch %

Tp cht ln hn ht : 96,2

Ct, bi, su mt : 85

Kch thc my

Di R ng Cao = 1500 11002800

S l ng (ci) : 1

2. My bc v.

Nng sut cn thit : 1605,721 kg/h

Chn my bc v l c c trc xt v h th ng phn loi bng kh ng v sng

phn loi c c tnh k thu t nhsau: [IX - 160]

o Nng sut kg/h : 5000

o Kch thc trc xt (mm)

ng knh trc : 275

Chiu di trc : 1000

o ng knh mt li cong (mm): 300

o S vng quay c a trc xt (v/p): 430

o S dao ng ca sng phn loi trong mt pht : 450


54/123



o S vng quay c a trc qut (v/p) : 1030

o Kch thc lsng (mm) : 20

o Kch thc my (mm) :

Di R ng Cao = 1620 15002000

Cng sut ng c in (KW) : 6

o Khi lng (kg) : 1500

o S l ng my (ci) : 1

3. My nghin nhn.


Chn my nghin hai i trc c bm t trc nhn vi cc c tnh k thu t sau

[IV - 124]

o Nng sut (kg/h) : 2500 kg/h

o Kch thc trc nghin (mm)

ng knh : 450

Chiu di : 1500

o Kch thc my (mm) Di R ng Cao = 1500 13501500

o Cng sut ng c in (KW) : 12


4. Ni chng sy bt nghin.

Nng sut cn thit 1133,083 kg/h

Chn ni chng 6 tng ca my p sb FP - 75 do c ch t o, vi cc c

tnh kthu t sau: [IV - 99]

Nng sut (kg/h) : 5000 kg/h

o Cng sut ng c in (KW) : 19

o ng knh ca tng (mm) : 2200

o Chiu cao bn trong mi tng (mm): 330

o Kch thc ca chuyn nguyn liu (mm): 200200

o Tc tr c khuy (vng/pht): 21 23


55/123



o Ap sut hi lm vic (Mpa) : 0,5

o Kch thc ni (mm)

ng knh : 2200

Chiu cao : 3000

o S l ng (ci) : 1

5. My p sb.


Chn my p sb FP - 75 do c cht o, vi cc c tnh kthu t sau:

[IV - 106]

o Nng sut (kg/h) : 1250 kg/h

o S ng n cp : 4

o Chiu di lng p (mm) : 1167,5

o ng knh trong cc ngn (mm)

o I : 250

o II : 200

o III : 220o IV : 240

o Cly khe c n cc ng n (mm)

o I : 2,0

o II : 1

o III : 0,45

o IV : 0,45

o S vng quay c a trc vt (vng/pht) : 24 26

o Cng sut ng c in (KW): 10

o Kch thc my (mm) :

Di R ng Cao = 2850 10401610


6. My nghin kh du I



56/123



Chn my nghin ba - 1M v i cc c tnh kthu t sau:

o Nng sut (kg/h) : 2000

o Cng sut ng c(KW) : 23

o Vn tc vng ca cc ba (m/s) : 70

o ng knh u ba (mm) : 500

o Tc quay c a trc my (v/p) : 2750

o Br ng bung nghin(mm) : 390

o Kch thc my (mm) :

DiRngCao = 15004002620

o S l ng (ci) : 1

7. My p kit.


Chn my p kit EP do c cht o c c tnh k thu t sau: [I - 113]

o Nng sut (kg/h) : 2500

o S ng n (cp) : 4

o Chiu di lng p (mm) : 1033,5o ng knh v chiu di cc ngn (mm)

o I : 180 v 177,5

o II : 158 v 267,5

o III : 174 v 270

o IV : 190 v270

o Kch thc (mm)

DiR ngCao = 2820 1680 1650

o Cng sut ng c in (KW): 16

o S l ng (ci) : 1

8. My nghin kh du II.


Chn my nghin ba - 1M (gi ng my nghin kh du I)


57/123



9. Gu ti nguyn liu.


Chn gu ti loi I c c tnh k thu t sau: [X - 110]

Nng sut (kg/h) : 5500

Chiu rng gu (mm) : 100

Tm vi gu (mm) : 110

Chiu cao gu (mm) : 132

Chiu cao ming gu (mm) : 66

Gc nghing thnh gu () : 4 Gc xc () : 41o 30

Dung tch gu (l) : 0,81

Khi lng gu (kg) : 0,48

Vn tc b ph n ko (m/s) : 1,5

Chiu cao nng (mm) : 3000

Cng sut ng c in (KW) : 1,28

Sl ng (ci) : 1

10. Gu ti nhn.


Chn gu ti ht loi I c c tnh k thu t sau: [X - 110]



Tm vi gu (mm) : 110 Chiu cao gu (mm) : 132


Gc nghing thnh gu () : 4

Gc xc () : 41o 30




58/123






Sl ng (ci) : 1

11. Gu ti bt nghin nhn.




Chiu cao tm bng (mm): 150 Chiu rng gu (mm) : 135

Tm vi gu (m) : 125




Gc xc () : 41o 30






Sl ng (ci) : 1

12. Gu ti kh du INng sut cn thit 706,466 kg/h




Tm vi gu (m) : 110



59/123





Gc xc () : 41o 30






Sl ng (ci) : 113. Gu ti bt nghin kh du I.





Tm vi gu (m) : 110




Gc xc () : 41o 30






Sl ng (ci) : 1

14. Gu ti kh du II.


Chn gu ti loi I c c tnh k thu t nhgu t i kh du I

Sl ng (ci) : 1


60/123



15. Gu ti bt nghin kh du II


Chn gu ti loi I c c tnh k thu t nhgu t i kh du II

Sl ng (ci) : 1

16. Bng ti kh du II.


Chn bng ti nm ngang c c tnh kthu t sau: [X - 118]


Chiu di b

ng t

i (mm) : 3000

Chiu rng tm bng (mm): 500

Vn tc chuyn ng tm bng (m/s) :1,2


Sl ng (ci) : 1

17. Vt ti kh du I.


Chn vt ti nm ngang vi c tnh k thu t sau: [X - 118]


Svng quay tr c vt (v/p): 77

ng knh ngoi ca cnh vt (mm): 250

Chiu di vt ti (mm) : 1100

Cng sut ng c in (KW) : 0,718 Sl ng (ci) : 1

18. Bng ti v.

Chn bng ti nm ngang c c tnh kthu t sau: [X - 118]


Chiu di bng ti (mm) : 3000

Chiu rng tm bng (mm): 500


61/123



Vn tc chuyn ng tm bng (m/s) :1,2


Sl ng (ci) : 1

6.2. Tinh chv chit chai.

1.Bcha du sau khi p.

Lng du sau khi p 506,315 kg/h

m bo cho qu trnh sn xut c lin tc cn phi xy dng mt b

cha du

Thtch m

t b

ch

a d

u trong 3 gi

s

n xu

t

=

.

mV

Trong :

: Kh i lng ring ca du = 911kg/m 3

: H s ch a y = 0,85

m : Lng du sau khi p

396,185,0.911315,506.3 mV ==

Bxy d ng bng xi mng c trng men vi kch thc sau.

Di R ng Cao = 1,1 1,1 1,96

Trong tng gch men c bdy : 0,1 m

2.Thit blng.

Lng du vo lng 501,252 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca du = 911kg/m 3 [I - 28]

Tng thi gian qu trnh lng 3gi

Hs ch a y ca thit bl ng chn 0,75

Dung tch thit bl ng

32,275,0.911

252,501.3mV ==


62/123



Thit b c d ng hnh tr, y hnh chp, gc cn y = 60 o, ng knh

D = 1m

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 1.sin60o= 0,866 m

Dung tch on cn

322

226,04

1.14,3.

3

866,0

4..

3m

DHV CC ===

Dung tch on tr

Vt= V - V C= 2,2 - 0,226 = 1,974 m3

Chiu cao on tr

mD

VH tt 51,2

1.14,3

974,1.4

.

.422

===

Chiu cao thit b l ng

H = Ht+ H C= 2,51 + 0,866 = 3,376 m

qu trnh s n xut lin tc chn 2 thit bl ng

3.

Thit bgia nhit.Chn thit bgia nhi t kiu ng chm


Nhit vo c a du 35oC

Nhit d u ra 600C

Nhit n c ngng 132,9oC

Tnh din tch bm t truyn nhit

t.K

QF

=

Trong : Q = D.CD.t

D = 498,747 kg/h

CD: Nhi t dung ring ca du

CD= 0,5 kcal/kg. = 0,5.4,18.1000 J/kg. = 2090 J/kg

t = 60 - 35 = 25oC


63/123



758,72383600

25.2090.747,498==Q w

K : Hs truy n nhit.K = 46,8. 3 2w (cng th c nghim)

w : Vn tc dng chy ca du trong ng chn w = 0,5 m/s.

K = 46,8 . 48,295,03 2 = w/m 2.

221 ttt

+=

Trong : t1= 132,9 - 60 = 72,9

o

Ct2= 132,9 - 35 = 97,9

oC

4852

997972,

,,t =

+=

Vy : 2875,248,29.4,85

758,7238

.m

Kt

QF ==

=

Chn kch thc ng truyn nhit nhsau:

Chiu cao h = 1,2 mng knh trong dt= 0,05 m

ng knh ngoi dn= 0,052 m

ng knh trung bnh ca ng truyn nhit

mdd

d nttb 051,02

052,005,0

2 =

+=

+=

S ng truyn nhit 9,14

2,1.051,0.14,3

875,2

..

===

hd

FN

tb

ng

Chn s ng theo tiu chun 19 ng, 2 vng

ng knh trong ca thit b.

D = t(2.no+ 1)

Trong :

t : Bc ng .

t = 1,2dn = 1,2.0,052 = 0,0624 m

no: S vng trn n o= 2


64/123



D = 0,0624.(2.2+1) = 0,312m

Chn chiu dy ca thp lm vthi t b = 6 mm = 0,006m

ng knh ngoi ca thit bgia nhi t

Dn= D + 2. = 0,312 + 2.0,006 = 0,324m

Chn chiu dy vnh mt bch l 50mm

Vy ng knh ca np thit bgia nhi t l

Dn= D n+ 2.0,05 = 0,324 + 2.0,05 = 0,424m

Chiu cao thit b H = h 1+ h 2+ h 3

Trong :h1: Chi u cao ng truyn nhit h1= 1,2m

h2v h 3l chi u cao on gp trn v on gp di

Chn h1= h 2= 200mm = 0,2m

Vy H = 1,2 + 0,2 + 0,2 = 1,6m

Sl ng : 1ci

4.Thit blc.

Lng du vo cng on lc 493,758 kg/h

911

758,493kg/h = 0,541m3/h

Chn my lc khung bn

000053423

cBBg

c tnh kthu t

Nng sut : 3m3/hS l ng bn : 45

Kch thc bn : 365360

Din tch bm t lc : 6 m2

Ap sut lm vic : 0,25Mpa

Cng sut ng c : 2,8KW

Kch thc thit b(mm)


65/123



Di R ngCao = 1750 780 1225

S l ng : 1ci

5.Thit bthy ha trung ha.

Lng du vo cng on thy ha : 483,883 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca du : 911 kg/m3

Thi gian thy ha 3gi, thi gian trung ha 9 gi

Hs ch a y thit b : 0,7

Khi lng ring ca kim l : 1099 kg/m3

Khi lng ring ca nc mui: 1045 kg/m3

3084,59.1045

224,14

1099

236,22

911

883,483mV =

++=

V = 5,084 m3

Chn thit bth y ha trung ha D = 1,5m, gc cn y 60o

Thit bc d ng hnh tr, y chp, ng knh 1,5m, gc y 60o

Tnh chiu cao on cn

HC = D.sin = 1,5.sin60o

= 1,29mDung tch on cn.

2 21,29 1,5. . .3,14. 0,76

3 4 3 4C

C

H DV = = = m3

Dung tch on tr

Vt= V - V C= 5,084 -0,76 = 4,324m3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2.4 4,324.4 2,448

. 3,14.1,5t

tVH mD

= = =

Chiu cao thit b th y ha, trung ha

H = HC + H t= 1,29 + 2,448 = 3,738 m

qu trnh s n xut c lin tc, chn hai thit b th y ha, trung ha

6.Thit bra sy.


Thi gian ra sy : 3gi


66/123



Khi lng ring ca du: 911 kg/m3

Hs ch a y ca thit b: 0,7

3

467,088 46,707 .3911 1045

2,3880,7

V m

+ = =

Chn thit br a sy c ng knh D = 1m v gc cn y 60o

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 1.sin60o= 0,866 m

Dung tch on cn

2 230,866 1. . .3,14. 0,226

3 4 3 4C

C

H DV m= = =

Dung tch on tr

Vt = V - V C = 2,388 - 0,226 = 2,162m3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.2,1622,754

. 3,14.1t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thit b r a sy

H = HC + Ht= 0,866 + 2,754 = 3,62m

qu trnh s n xut c lin tc chn 2 thit br a sy

7.Thit bty mu.


Thi gian ty mu : 1gi


Lng than cn dng t y mu: 2,752 kg/h

Lng t cn dng t y mu: 5,505 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca than: 1600 kg/m3

Khi lng ring ca t : 1300 kg/m3

Hs ch a y ca thit b: 0,7

Dung tch ca thit b


67/123



3

460, 082 2, 752 5, 505.1

911 1600 13000,730

0,7V m

+ + = =

Chn thit bt y mu c ng knh D = 1m v gc cn y 60o

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 0,8.sin60o= 0,692m

Dung tch on cn

230,692 1. . .3,14. 0,181

3 4 3 4C

C

H DV m= = =

Dung tch on tr Vt = V - V C = 0,692- 0,181 = 0,511m

3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.0,5111,017

. 3,14.0,8t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thit b t y mu

H = HC + Ht= 1,017 + 0,692 = 1,709m

qu trnh s n xut c lin tc chn 2 thit bt y mu

8.My ly tm.


Dung tch : V=455,482/0,911=495,089( l/h)

ng knh ng : 150 mm

Tc quay c a ng c : 13500 v/p

Cng sut ng c in : 7 KW

Kch thc : 600800 1000

Chn mt my ly tm siu tc

9.Xitec cha du sau ly tm.

Lng du sau ly tm : 450,926 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca du : 911 kg/m3

Chn hs y ca xitec : 0,7

Vy dung tch ca xitec


68/123



3450,926 0,707911.0,7

V m= =

Chn xitec cha du sau khi ly tm c ng knh a = 1m, b = 0,6mChiu di (L) ca xitec cha du sau khi ly tm

V = .a.b.L

L =0,707

0,411. . 3,14.1.0,6

V

a b= = m

Sthi t b: 1ci

Tnh v chn tng tta c bng sau:

Thit b M du (kg/h) t (h) V (m3) a (m) b (m) L (m) SL

Xitec cha du sau gia

nhit

493,758 1 0,774 1 0,6 0,411 1

10. Thit bty mi.

L

ng du vo kh

mi: 450,926 (kg/h)

Chn thit bt y mi c dng hnh tr ng, bn trong c b tr ng xon rut g,

y c ng phun hi trc tip bn trong thit b, ngoi ra cn c mt ng lu thng

gi a.

Gis t ng thi gian khmi l 6h.

Hs ch a y:0,8.

Dung tch thit b:

V =3

450,926.6 3,670,92.10 .0,8

= (m 3)

Thtch ch m cu:

)4

.3(6

. 22 dhh

VCC +=

Chn: d = 1,5 (m); h = 0,4 (m)

Vy:


69/123



=CCV 2

23,14.0,4 1,5(0,4 3. )6 4

+ = 0,436 (m3)

Thtch tr :Vtr= V - 2.V CC= 3,67 - 2.0,436 = 2,79 (m

3)

Suy ra chiu cao H l:

4. 4.2,792,37

. 3,14.1,5trVHd

= = = (m)

11. Xitec cha du sau ty mi.



Chn hs ch a y : 0,7

Vy dung tch ca xitec cha du

3448,671 0,703911.0,7

V m= =

Chn xitec cha du sau khi ty mi c ng knh a = 1m, b = 0,6m

Chiu di (L) ca xitec cha du sau khi ty mi

V = .a.b.L

L =0,703

0,411. . 3,14.1.0,6

Vm

a b= =

Sl ng : 1ci

12. My chit rt.


446,428490,041 /0,911 l h=

Chn chai s d ng c dung tch: 500 ml = 0,5lt

Schai dng ch a du:490,041

980,082 /0,5

chai h=

c tnh kthu t:

Nng sut : 1000 chai

Cng sut : 12 KW


70/123



Svan chi t : 16

Kch thc my (mm): Di R ng Cao = 3100 2500 2500

Sl ng my : 1ci

13. Thng cha nc nng dng thy ha.

Lng nc nng dng th y ha: 14,517 kg/h

Thi gian thy ha : 12 gi

Khi lng ring ca nc nng 50 oC: 998,07 kg/m3 [VII - 11]

Hs ch a y ca thng cha nc nng : 0,7

Dung tch ca thng cha

314,517.12 0,249998,07.0,7

V m= =

Chn thng cha c dng thn tr y cn ng knh D = 0,5m v gc y

60o

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 0,5.sin60o= 0,433m

Dung tch on cn2 2

30, 433 0,5. . .3,14. 0,0283 4 3 4

CC

H DV m= = =

Dung tch on tr

Vt = V - V C = 0,249 - 0,028 = 0,221m3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.0,2211,126

. 3,14.0,5

tt

VH m

D

= = =

Chiu cao thit b

H = HC + Ht= 1,126 + 0,433 = 1,559m

Sl ng 1ci

14. Thng cha dung dch NaOH trung ha.

Lng dung dch NaOH trung ha: 22,236 kg/h

Thi gian thy ha, trung ha : 12 gi

Chn thng cha c dng thn tr y cn ng knh D = 0,6m v gc y 60o


71/123



Khi lng ring ca NaOH c nng 105g/l =1,105kg/l

Hs ch a y ca thng cha: 0,7

Dung tch ca thng

322,236.12 0,3441,105.0,7.1000

V m= =

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 0,6.sin60o= 0,519m

Dung tch on cn

2 230,519 0,6

. . .3,14. 0,0483 4 3 4C

C

H D

V m= = =

Dung tch on tr

Vt = V - V C = 0,344 - 0,048 = 0,296m3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.0,2961,047

. 3,14.0,6t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thng cha nc.

H = HC + Ht= 1,047 + 0,519 = 1,566m

Sl ng 1ci

15. Thng cha nc ra.

Lng nc dng r a : 92,373 kg/h

Thi gian ra : 8 gi

Khi lng ring ca nc si 100 oC: 958,38 kg/m3 [VII - 12]

Chn thng cha nc c dng thn tr, ng knh D = 0,8m v gc cn y60o


Dung tch ca thng

392,373 .8 1,101958,38.0,7

V m= =

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 0,8.sin60 o= 0,69m


72/123



Dung tch on cn

322

1204

80143

3

690

43 m,

,.,.

,D..

HV C

C

===

Dung tch on tr

Vt = V - V C = 1,101 - 0,12 = 0,981m3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.0,9811,952

. 3,14.0,8t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thng cha nc nng

H = HC + Ht= 1,952 + 0,69 = 2,642m

Sl ng 1ci

16. Thng cha nc mui.

Lng nc mui dng trong cng on trung ha: 14,224 kg/h

Lng nc mui dng trong cng on ra: 46,707 kg/h

Thi gian trung ha : 12 gi

Thi gian ra : 12 gi

Khi lng ring ca nc mui c nng 10% =1,042kg/l

Chn thng cha nc mui c dng thn tr, D = 1m v gc cn y 60o


Dung tch ca thng

314,224 .12 46,707.12 1,0021,042.0,7.1000

V m+

= =

Chiu cao on cnHC= D.sin = 1.sin60

o= 0,866m

Dung tch on cn

2 230,866 1. . .3,14. 0,226

3 4 3 4C

C

H DV m= = =

Dung tch on tr

Vt = V - V C = 1,002 - 0,226 = 0,776m3

Chiu cao on tr


73/123



2 2

4. 4.0,7760,988

. 3,14.1t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thng cha nc muiH = HC + Ht= 0,998 + 0,886 = 1,854m

Sl ng 1ci

17. Bunke cha t v than hot tnh dng ty mu.

Lng t hot tnh : 2%.460,082= 9,2 kg/h

Lng than hot tnh : 1%.460.082 =4,6 kg/h

Khi lng ring ca than : 1600 kg/m3

Khi lng ring ca t : 1300 kg/m3


Dung tch cha lng than v t dng cho mt ca sn xut : 8gi

Dung tch thng cha than

34,6 .8 0,0321600.0,7

V m= =

Chn thng cha than c dng hnh tr, ng knh D = 0,2m v gc cn y

60o

Chiu cao on cn

HC= D.sin = 0,2.sin60o= 0,16m

Dung tch on cn

2 230,16 0,2. . .3,14. 0,002

3 4 3 4C

C

H DV m= = =

Dung tch on tr Vt = V - V C = 0,032 - 0,002 = 0,03m

3

Chiu cao on tr

2 2

4. 4.0,030,955

. 3,14.0,2t

t

VH m

D= = =

Chiu cao thng cha

H = HC + Ht= 0,955 + 0,16 =1,115m

Dung t

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