thiet lap cong thuc sai so

GV: Trn Thin c

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CH : Trc khi chch hng ngh c k hng dn s dng sau: - tm hiu k cc bc lm hn th xin mi c bi vit v hai b kp thit lp sai s.

- Trong y ch thit lp sai s tng i ch khng c thit lp sai s tuyt i nn nu mun thit lp sai s tuyt i th t sng nh.

- i vi mt s trng tr trng BKHN c th khng quan tm n sai s ca hng s nn ti Bc 3: Bin i rt gn cc bn c th tng thng vo st rc cng c.

- Ch cn g chm na Chc mi ngi c th c v hiu c nhng g trong y ^_^

Bi 1 Lm quen vi cc dng c o di v khi lng = Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: = 14 Bin i rt gn: = + + = + + 3 Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: = 14 + + 3 = 14 + + 3 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn ni th d lm mi kinh.

= = =

= + 3

Bc 4: Gii quyt hu qu bng cch thay d , y ta thy khng cn ly gi tr tuyt i na v cc s nhn vi d v dD u dng ri (tr khi n m th ly o du li l xong). Tm li ta c = = + " = # Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: $ = % = % Bc 2: Vi phn tan phn hai v: $ = % = %

GV: Trn Thin c


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Bc 3: Bin i rt gn $$ = %%

Bc 4: Thay d thnh v y ch i lng nhn vi dV mang du m nn nh i du mt ci l xong. = "" = ## + = '( )(*+ Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: = 4 2 2 = 4 + 2 2 + Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: = 4 + . . + = 4 + . . + Bc 3: Bin i rt gn ni th d lm mi kinh.

= + 2 2 + 2 2 +

= + 22 2 22 2 +

Bc 4: Thay d thnh v y ch i lng nhn vi dd mang du m nn nh i du mt ci l xong. = + (( )( + ()( )( ) + ++ = + ( + ))( )( + ++

Bi 2 Xc nh mmen qun tnh ca bnh xe v lc ma st trc 1#2 = #3+ +(+ + +( Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: 456 = %7 . + . = % + 7 + . + . Bc 2: Vi phn tan phn hai v: 456 = 8% + 7 + . + .9 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn nhn ci v phi thy chong vng. 456456 = %% + 77 + 1212 1+21+2 cng thc tnh vi phn ring ta c: 12 = 121 1+ 122 2 = 12 1+2 = 1+21 1+ 1+22 2 = 1+2 456456 = %% + 77 + 1212 1+21+2 = %% + 77 + 2.. .. + 2.. .. Bc 4: Thay d thnh . Vn cn li l nm hai s nhn vi vi dh1 v dh2

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ta phi xem du m th no cn i cho chun. T bi th nghim ta thy h1 > h2 nn chc chn ng tng nhn vi dh2 kiu g cng m ri i du lun. Tm li ta c

= 1#21#2 = ## + 33 + (+(++( +(( + (++(+( +(( chc cng khng khc sch l my nh?

: = #3. +(++ + +( . . 2

. = % + 7 + . + . + 2> + 2 4 Bc 2: Vi phn tan phn hai v: = = % + 7 + 2 1 1 + 2 + 2> + 2 4 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn too terribly!!! == = %% + 77 + .. + . + . + 2>> + 2 == = %% + 77 + .. + . 2 + . + . + 2>> + 2 == = %% + 77 + 1 + . ?.. 2 + . @ + 2 >> + hoa ht c mt @@ Bc 4: Thay d thnh . i tng nhn vi dh1 mang du m y nh i du lun. Tm li ta c: :: = ## + 33 + + + +( ?++(+( + (+ + +(++ @ + (

GV: Trn Thin c


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Bc 4: Thay d thnh . i lng nhn vi dT < 0 i du lun. Tm li ta c

= 33 = (. + AA + (. BB

Bi 4 Xc nh bc sng v vn tc truyn m trong khng kh bng phng php cng hng sng dng

v = .f Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: F = G. 4 = G + 4 Bc 2: Vi phn tan phn hai v: F = G + 4 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: FF = GG + 44 Bc 4: Thay d thnh . Cc i lng nhn vi d v df u dng khng cn quan tm. Tm li ta c: HII = HJJ + H11

Bi 5 Xc nh h s nht ca cht lng theo phng php Stokes

K = $ $.7L18D 1 + 2.4 Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v:

K = N $ $.7L18D 1 + 2.4 O = $ $ + 2 + 7 + L 18 D 1 + 2.4

Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: K = $ $ + 2 + 7 + L 18 D 1 + 2.4 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn:

KK = $ $$ $ + 2 + 77 + LL DD 1 + 2,4 1 + 2,4 KK = $ $$ $ + 2 + 77 + LL DD

2,4 2,4 . .1 + 2,4 KK = $ $$ $ + ())) + 77 + LL DD (, )) + (. ) + 2,4 . + 2.4

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KK = $ $$ $ + 77 + LL DD + (+ (, )))). + (. ) + 2,4 . + 2.4 KK = $ $$ $ + 77 + LL DD + 1 + 2.4 ?2 + 2,4 + 2,4 . @ Bc 4: Thay d thnh . i du mt s ch m bo s hng nhn vi vi phn ca tng bin lun dng. Tm li ta c:

= QQR = S" + S"" " + S33 + STTU + SAA + + (. )R '( + (. )R*S))R + (. )R S Vi c luyn @@

Bi 6 Xc nh t s nhit dung phn t kh Cp/Cv ca cht kh V = WW +

Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: X = YY Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: X = 8Y Y 9 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: XX = YY Y Y = YY Y Y = YYY + Y Bc 4: Thay d thnh . i lng nhn vi dH < 0 i du lun. Tm li ta c. VV = +WWW + + +W + = +W+W+WW +

Bi 7 Xc nh cc i lng c bn trong chuyn ng quay ca vt rn

Z = %72 Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: Z = %72 = % + 7 + 2 Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: Z = % + 7 + 2 = % + 7 + 2 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: ZZ = %% + 77 + Bc 4: Thay d thnh . Tm li ta c. ZZ = %% + 77 +

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Bi 8 Xc nh m-men qun tnh ca cc vt rn i xng Nghim li nh lut Steiner-Huygens

: = [ B((

Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: = = \ 22 = ] + 2 22 2 Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: = = ] + 2 22 2 = ] + 2 22 2 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: == = \\ + 2 2 Bc 4: Thay d thnh v i du thnh phn dnh lu ti ch d. Tm li ta c. == = \\ + 2 + 2

Bi 9 Kho st s phn cc nh sng Nghim li nh lut Malus ^ = _à.b Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: c = _à2b = 2ln_àb Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: c = 2ln_àb Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: cc = 2 afbb_àb = 2>gbb Bc 4: Thay d thnh v ng tan c th dng hoc m ty theo gi tr ca gc nn tt nht cho ln tn ta nht ng vo trong du gi tr tuyt i l tha h cm no b ci. Tm li ta c. ^^ = (|

GV: Trn Thin c


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= o0o0 + D1D1 DD D1 + D1D D1 = o0o0 + DD1D1D D1 DD D1 Bc 4: Thay d thnh v du ca h s nhn vi dL r rng l m cmnr. Tm li ta c. lmlm = lnln + AAAA A + AA A = lnln + AA+AAAA A sm = sn. AA Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: tp = t0. D1D1 = t0 + D1 D1 Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: tr = 't0 + D1 D1 * = t0 + D1 D1 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: trtr = t0t0 + D1D1 D1D1 Bc 4: Thay d thnh v du ca h s nhn vi D r rng l m cmnr. Tm li ta c. smsm = snsn + AA + AA

Bi 11 Xc nh in tr in dung bng mch dao ng tch phng dng n neon uu = un

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y = C zb2{022=122E = z 2b 2{0 2 2=1 2 Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: y = 'z 2b 2{0 2 2=1 2*= z 2b 2{0 2 2=1 2 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: yy = zz 2bb 2{0{0 2 2=1=1 2 Bc 4: Thay d thnh v dung chiu i lin hon du ta c: uu = ww + (kk + (xnxn + (jj + (:: + ())

Bi 16 Xc nh bc sng nh sng bng giao thoa vn trn Newton

J = |}~ l Bc 1: Logarit npe hai v: G = fo = + ln f o y (k i) thc ra chnh l 1 hng s nn ta khng cn quan tm, v k v i u c xc nh chnh xc khi ta quan st qua knh hin vi. Cn th loi m khng c c ni ng gi tr k v i th ta khng chp v p tay ton tp lun. Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: G = + ln f o = + ln f o Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: GG = + + o (thnh phn ln f b x l l do n l hng s) Bc 4: Thay d thnh v dng chiu i lin hon du ta c: HJJ = H|| + H}} + Hll

Bi 17 Kho st c tnh diode v transitor Khng c cng thc thit lp nn khng cn care lm g

Bi 18 Kho st hin tng bc x nhit Kim nghim nh lut Stefan-Boltzmann Kh Nam Cng. V sao th xin mi nghin cu bo co mu

Bi 19 Xc nh thnh phn nm ngang ca t trng tri t |n = .n . :

GV: Trn Thin c


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= 4. 107 . =>7 = 4 107 + + = >7 = 4 107 + + + = >7 Ch nu trng m khng yu cu xc nh sai s ca hng s th khng cn phi lm bc tch ra m c nguyn c cm my bc sau ta tiu dit gn. Bc 2: Vi phn ton phn hai v: 0 = 4 107 + + + = >7 Bc 3: Bin i rt gn: 00 = + + == >7>7 = + + == _`a2>7 = + + == af_`a = + + == 2af2 Bc 4: Thay d thnh v i du mt s thnh phn chng i ta c: 00 = + + == + + 2af2 Hoc trong trng hp khng yu cu tnh n sai s ca hng s 00 = + == + + 2af2 y khng gn du gi tr tuyt i vo af2 v gc chng ta ch kho st trong tm t 0 n 90 . Bonus thm cho cu tr li v sao sai s li nh nht khi = 45. D thy thnh phn sai s 2af2 nh nht khi mu s ln nht tc l thng af2 phi bng 1 ng vi = 45. Cc thnh phn cn li nh N, I, D th u l cc thng s c fix sn ri nn khng cn quan tm.

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