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  TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC TÀI NGUYÊN VÀ MÔI TRƯỜNG

THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

BÀI BÁO CÁO : THỰC HÀNH HÓA ĐẠI CƯNG

! N"#$ VA %&'" (&)' *"+, "-'" *". '/"&0$ :  1 T23' H4-'/ 567'

  1 8&09 N/6;' N"< 56='"

  1 T23' T2>'/ T-&

  1 ?

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T'/ J&K$ Đ&K$ L-$ -& Đ&K$ *"+, "-'" Đ&K$ (0 %&'" (-*2* *+

  BÀI BÁO CÁO : THỰC HÀNH HÓA Ố

  PHA CH 8UNG 8QCH CHUSN Đ

! N& 6'/ *"+, "-'":

  Thí nghiệm : pha chế dung dịch – chuẩn độ 

1.Mục đích :

  1 P"W ,"X $* % 6'/ @," *Z "#W ,"[* /,\  1 ], J@'" '^'/ J 6'/ @," _'/ 9"` aX (- _'/ 9"

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1 86'/ @," HOd J$ Jw,\

186'/ @," NWOH

1 C"x *"@ 9"s'4L9"*WLs&'

j\ #hu$n %& ti'n hành thí nghiệm (à hiện t)*ng +u!n ,-t đ)*c! Thí nghiệm 1 + Điều chế 100m dung dịch !"#$% 1&\  1 C"6c' @ nE$L '

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1 8`'/ 9&9s* $L "z* D$L NWOH DM ,"4 (-4 ,,i %W6 J# ,"4 (-4 (-4 &'" J&'" $u, DEE$L\T")$ '* 6'/ @," HCOd EiEDNv6'/ t'" "t'" '#'i *W 9"}& a"„'/ '/Z'/ L{, '" *"s4 (Š'/ *2Š'i a"& '-4 6'/ @," *24'/

 t'" "t'" '#' $[* $-6 *"t '/Z'/\! iải thích hiện tượng phenolphtalein mất màu  Vt NWOH L- WŽb < ')' L-$ 6'/ @," 9"s'4L9"*WLs&' L- ,"[* ,"x *"@ $-6 a"„'/ $-6,"6K' %W'/ $-6 "^'/ (- ,"[* ,# 9H *Z f1 DE 9H\

 ! N^'/ J NWOH E\EDN ,# 9H h DiD\  ‚"& J# : OH1 h DE1DiD  M- OH1H€ h DE1Dd  H€ h DE1Dd : DE1DiD h EiEDj M

  N^'/ J H€  h EiEDj M

oi /i0i thích hiện t)*ng (à (i't ph)ng tnh h! hc :P"

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  HCOd € NWOH NWCOd € HOM- *W L•& ,# :

VHCOd \ CHCOd  h V NWOH \ C NWOH Vy& CHCOd  h EiED M (- C NWOH h EiEDjM

  T"s4 *". '/"&0$ *W J4 J

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  f\d C"6c' J L- %+ J4 *"K *.," ,rW 6'/ @," *"6, *"“ ,# '^'/ J J| &X* 9"}' u'/ $* *"K*.," v, J@'" 6'/ @," ,rW ,"[* ,# '^'/ J ,"

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  1 j '/ '/"&0$1 D JqW *"r *&'"1 D /& Jš '/ '/"&0$

  1 M J4 9H  1 Bt'" J@'" $u, DEE$L  1 B#9 ,W4 %6\

  n. H! ch"t  :1 86'/ @," HOd J$ Jw,  1 CHnOH DM  1 CHCOOH DM  1 NH DMj. #hu$n %& ti'n hành thí nghiệm (à hiện t)*ng +u!n ,-t đ)*c:  T2

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'"&0* J *F'/ L)' $* .* ')' *•4 2W %+ ,"6K' J'/ (t ( '* HOd EiDM

 Thực hành hóa đại cương Trang 8

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  € Ố'/ : ,"4 /&>* $s*L,W$ € /&>* HOd EiDM  Ÿ ‚X* ‡6} *". '/"&0$ :  Ố'/ D : a"„'/ ,# "&0' ** 9"s'4L9"*WLs&' € /&>* NWOH DM  € Ố'/ d : ,"4 /&>* $s*L,W$ € /&>* NWOH DM  Ÿ ‚X* ‡6} *". '/"&0$ :  Ố'/ : *Z a"„'/ $-6 ,"6K' %W'/ $-6 "^'/ͼ  Ố'/ d : a"„'/ ,# "&0' ** $s*L,W$ € /&>* '

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  1 Ố'/ D : a"& ,"4 *")$ D1 /&>* $s*L,W$ *"t 9"}' u'/ ,"6K' %W'/ $-6 J~ '"•*\ T&X9*"s4 L{, Jl6 *"t a"„'/ ,# "&0' ** 9"s'4L9"*WLs&'T")$ (-4 '/ *"u (-& *&'" *"K W$4'& ,L426W (- L{, Jl6 ,} '/ '/"&0$\

  Ÿ ‚X* ‡6} *". '/"&0$ :  1 Ố'/ D : *"s4 ,," *&X' "-'" *". '/"&0$ *"t 6'/ @," ,# $-6 "^'/ J$\  1 Ố'/ : 6'/ @," ,# $-6 "^'/ J$ (- %W6 a"& ,"4 *")$ (-& *&'" *"K W$4'& ,L426W (-L{, Jl6 *"t 6'/ @," ,"6K' %W'/ a"„'/ $-6\

iải th@ch th@ nghiAm : ‚"& ,"4 *")$ 9"s'4L9"*WLs&' (-4 NH *"t 9"s'4L9"*WLs&' *"r 9"7'

*•4 2W Wv&*i J^'/ *"ƒ& 4 %+ 4v& "#W (- %+ *," '

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B&K6 &;' *"s4 J^ *"@ :

T"s4 aX* ‡6} J^ *"@i -& *4' J| @ *.'" %W&i J'/ L” 2W '^'/ J 9H 9"}& *F'/ 3' *"s4 '^'/ J*"t aX* ‡6} (’ J^ *"@ $y& Jz'/\ N/6)' '"7' ,rW '"#$ ‰' JX' *.'" *4' %W& : 1 T24'/ ‡6 *2t'" ,"6c' Ji aX* ‡6} ,"6c' J ,"

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  ‚"}4 %* ,, X6 * }'" ",\d\ Dụng cụ :  1 C7' 9"7' *.,"1 9&9s* $Li 9&9s* n$Li D 9&9s* DE$L

  1 j '/ '/"&0$  1 Bt'" J@'" $u, DEE$Li t'" J@'" $u, nE$L  1 D ,, DEE$Li D ,, nE$L\  1 D /& Jš '/ '/"&0$

  1 D X J&l6 '"&0*  1 D X9 J&0'  1 B#9 ,W4 %6\n. H! ch"t  :

  1 NWO Ei M  1 86'/ &," HOd EiM  1 HCOd EiDN  1 ‚M'Od EiEnN

  1 ‚ C2 Od EiDM  1 ‚ C2 Oo EiDMj\ #hu$n %& ti'n hành thí nghiệm (à hiện t)*ng +u!n ,-t đ)*c:  T2

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  ,k 8`'/ Dinon / HCOd\HO JK J&l6 ,"X nE $L HCOd EiDN  k 8`'/ Eien / ‚M'Od J&l6 ,"X nE $L ‚M'Od EiEnN  sk 8`'/ difn / ‚ C2 Od J&l6 ,"X nE $L ‚ C2Od EiDM  ¤k 8`'/ oin / ‚ C2 Oo J&l6 ,"X nE $L ‚ C2 Oo EiD M\ 56W J&l6 ,"X ,, 6'/ @," *"t 6'/ @," Wi, a"„'/ ,# "&0' *

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  Đ&l6 a&0' JK 9"}' u'/ L- 9"}& *&X9 vz, (- (W ,"•$ (-4 '"W6\ T3' % (W ,"•$ ,-'/ Ly' *"t 9"}' u'/ v} 2W ,-'/ '"W'"i *u, L- a"& *W *F'/ '^'/ J *"t $* J ,, ,"[* *F'/ L)'i a"} 'F'/(W ,"•$ /&†W ,, *F'/ ')' 9"}' u'/ v} 2W '"W'" "b'Thí nghiệm 2 : Inh hưJng ca nhiAt độ đến tLc độ phản ;ng\ 8`'/ 9&9s* L[ (-4 '/ '/"&0$ *"u '"[* $L 6'/ @," ‚M'Od EiEn Ni (-4 '/ '/"&0$ *"u"W& $L 6'/ @," Wv&* 4vWL&, EiD N (- $L 6'/ @," HOd EiM\

Đ *Z *Z 6'/ @," *Z '/ '/"&0$ *"u (-4 '/ '/"&0$ *"u '"[*\ Đ4 *"ƒ& /&W' ,rW *".'/"&0$ 9"Š'/ EEC \ T

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Thí nghiệm 3 : ¡'" ",i "* HOd DMi *Z $-6 (-'/ W' J36 ,"6K' %W'/ $-6 ,W$ "b'%4 (y& '/ '/"&0$ D (- \  Ố'/ d ,"4 *")$ n /&>* NWOH DMi '/ '/"&0$ *Z $-6 (-'/ ,"6K' %W'/ $-6 ,W$ Lm*"b' %4 (y& '/ '/"&0$ D (- \iải th@ch hiAn tượng :  T24'/ 6'/ @," &4' ,24$ ,# ,7' _'/ :  C2Od1  € H€  C2 Oo1 € HO86'/ @," 2[* '"• ,}$ (y& %+ *"W J& 9H ,rW 6'/ @,"\ T24'/ $„& *2

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 ‚ C2 Od *^' *•& *24'/ $„& *2

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  1 B&X* Ja – kh?  

?[ '/ '/"&0$  € Ố'/ D ,"4 $L 6'/ @," Wv&* HOd DM € (-& "•* a’$\  € Ố'/ ,"4 $L 6'/ @," C6Od  € $* J&'" %{*\   Hiện t)*ng +u!n ,-t đ)*c (à gi0i thích hiện t)*ng  :  € '/ D ,# "&0' ** a". H %&'" 2W*2)' l $w* ®'\

  € '/ ,# "&0' *

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 Thí nghiệm 2 : &ột ch8t OBa c> t@nh o=i h>a OBa c> t@nh kh?  ?[ '/ '/"&0$ :

  € Ố'/ D : D$L 6'/ @," ‚M'Od DM € /&>* HOd DM € D$L ‚NO  € Ố'/ : D$L 6'/ &," ‚I DM € /&>* HOd  DM € D$L ‚NO  Hiện t)*ng +u!n ,-t đ)*c (à gi0i thích hiện t)*ng  :

Ố'/ '/"&0$ D : 6'/ @," @ $[* $-6 (- *2Œ ')' *24'/ %6*\P"

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D f d f

f f d

Đ '"W'" Wv&* *24'/ '/ '/"&0$ (-4 t'" '#' (- J4 *"ƒ& /&W'i JK )' t'" '#' JX' a"&,"6K' %W'/ $-6 Jˆ, %†W\Mết quả : Dk D 9"z* k d /&7

  ĐK v, J@'" , 9"}' u'/ *"s4 NWO  *W , J@'" '^'/ J HOdi *F'/ 3' '^'/ J

 NWO\ T". '/"&0$ Di '^'/ J NWO L- vi '^'/ J HOd  L- i *"ƒ& /&W' §* L- *Di Œ *".

'/"&0$ i '^'/ J NWO L- vi '^'/ J HOd L- i *"ƒ& /&W' L- *i$ (- ' L- , 9"}'

u'/ *W ,#:

T, J 9"}' u'/ ,rW 6'/ @," NWO :

(D h §C k §*D h a\v$'  i ( h §C k §* h a\v$'  T24'/ J# :

*D k * h $  L4/ *D k *  h $ L4/

$ h L4/ *D k * k L4/  h L4/ jE : d k L4/ h Eif\

V , 9"}' u'/ *"s4 NWO L- Eif\

Thí nghiệm 5 : Rác định FNc phản ;ng thSo !"#$%

 C"6c' @ '/ '/"&0$ J+'/ HOd (- t'" '#' J+'/ NWO (- HO  *"s4 }'/ :

TTỐ'/ '/"&0$

V$L HOd Eid MBt'" "t'" '#'

V$L NWOd EiDM V$L HO

D d f f

f f d

Đ '"W'" Wv&* *24'/ '/ '/"&0$ (-4 t'" '#' (- J4 *"ƒ& /&W'i JK )' t'" '#' JX' a"&,"6K' %W'/ $-6 Jˆ, %†WMết quả : Dk D /&7 k f /&7  ĐK v, J@'" , 9"}' u'/ *"s4 *W , J@'" '^'/ J NWOi *F'/ 3' '^'/ J

HOd\ T". '/"&0$ Di '^'/ J HOd L- vi '^'/ J NWO  L- i *"ƒ& /&W' §* L- *Di Œ *".

 Thực hành hóa đại cương Trang 19

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'/"&0$ i '^'/ J HOd L- vi '^'/ J NWO L- i *"ƒ& /&W' §* L- *i$ (- ' L- , 9"}'

u'/ *W ,#:

 T, J 9"}' u'/ ,rW 6'/ @," HOd (D h §C k * Dh a\v$'  i ( h §C k * h a\v$'  *D k * h $  L4/ *D k *  h $ L4/

$ h L4/ *D k * k L4/  h L4/ D : f k L4/ h EiDn\V , 9"}' u'/ *"s4 HOd L- EiDn\o\T0 6i c7u h8i :  o\D P"}' u'/ 4v& "#W a"“ L- L- 9"}' u'/ *24'/ J# ,# %+ *"W J& % 4v& "#W ,rW ,,'/6)' * % 4v& "#W ,Š' />& L- , 4v& "#Wi $u, 4v& "#Wi *2•'/ *"& 4v& "#W \  1 C"[* 4v "#W L- ,"[* '"' sLs,*24'\  1 C"[* a"“ L- ,"[* ,"4 sLs,*24'

  1 + 4v "#W L- L- ‡6 *2t'" ,"4 sLs,*24'  1 + a"“ L- ‡6 *2t'" '"' sLs,*24'\  o\k 56W 9"