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The spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012 Nikkei Smart City Week Yokohama 30 th October 2014 Tim Stonor Architect & Urban Planner スススススススススススススススススス ロロロロロロロロロロ / ロロロロロロロロロロ

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Tim Stonor's keynote at Nikkei Smart City Week 2014, Yokohama, Japan.

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Page 1: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

The spatial architecture of the SMART cityLessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City Week

Yokohama30th October 2014

Tim StonorArchitect & Urban Planner

スマートシティの空間アーキテクチャーロンドンオリンピック / パラリンピックの教訓

Page 2: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

What is a Smart City?スマートシティとは何か?

How can a Smart City be planned & governed?スマートシティを、どのように計画し、運営するか?

Where is the place for technology in the Smart City?スマートシティの、どこにテクノロジーが使われるか?

Part One The spatial architecture of the SMART cityパート1 スマートシティの空間アーキテクチャー

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Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

Part Two The UK Smart & Future City effortパート2 英国におけるスマートシティ、フューチャーシティへの取り組み

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Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

Part Three Lessons from London 2012パート3 ロンドンオリンピック / パラリンピックからの教訓

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Urban failure 都市の破綻

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

How people live 人々の営み

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Beware fanciful ideas 空想的な考えにはご注意を

Page 8: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Embrace the new science of cities新たな都市のサイエンスを受け入れて

Page 9: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Avoid introverted architecture 内向きの建築を避けて

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Plan at a human scale Construct an Urban BIM

Special project development guidelines

Primary routesLand use mixCommercial 30%Residential 65%Social Infrastructure 5%

FAR 4.5

Plot coverage (ground) 80 – 100%Plot coverage (upper) 50 – 75%

Building height 5 – 7

Secondary routesLand use mixCommercial 10%Residential 75%Social Infrastructure 15%

FAR 3.0

Plot coverage (ground) 70 – 80%Plot coverage (upper) 50 – 60%

Building height 4 – 5

Self organising development guidelines

Plot areaFAR60 - 99 sq m 1.0100 – 299 sq m 3.0300 – 599 sq m 4.0600+ sq m 5.0

都市版 BIM の構築ヒューマンスケールでの計画

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

The new art of urban data science

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y = .784x + 2.147, R-squared: .589

Spatial accessibility

Ped

estr

ian

mo

vem

ent

Spatial accessibility

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

y = 1.235x + 1.048, R-squared: .702

Veh

icle

mo

vem

ent

都市データ科学の新手法

空間アクセス性空間アクセス性

歩行

者量

自動

車量

Page 12: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Sense

Map

Analyse

React

Test

調 査

地図化

分 析

応 答

検 証

Page 13: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Sense

Map

Analyse

React

Test

S

M

A

R

T

調 査

地図化

分 析

応 答

検 証

Page 14: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

1. Focus on space 空間に着目する

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Space Syntax Spatial Layout Accessibility空間レイアウト面でのアクセス性スペースシンタックス

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Courtesy of The TLRN Central London Pedestrian Study by Atkins

80% retail located on 20% most spatially accessible streets8割の小売店舗はアクセス性上位2割の街路に立地している

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Trafalgar Square, London

Observe Explain

Forecast Deliver

ロンドン・トラファルガー広場

Page 18: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

Darwin, Australia ダーウィン市(オーストラリア)

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

Disconnected Layout Spatial Accessibility Score = 35

Connected layout

Spatial Accessibility Score = 75

Disconnected Layout Connected Layout  

Difference  

IRR 15% 18% 3%

NPV $1.6 billion $1.1 billion $0.5 billion

Real estate value analysis

内部收益率

現在価値

つながりの悪いレイアウト つながりの良いレイアウト 差異

つながりの悪いレイアウト つながりの良いレイアウト

不動産価値の分析

空間アクセス性指標 空間アクセス性指標

Page 20: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

2. Co-create between academia & industry学術研究と実務による共同での創造

University College London Space Syntax

Page 21: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

3. Focus on human outcomes 人間がつくる現象に着目する

Page 22: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows資源の流れについての都市のインパクトをモデル化する

Page 23: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows資源の流れについての都市のインパクトをモデル化する

Page 24: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

5. Model the impact of cities on the environment環境に関する都市のインパクトをモデル化する

Page 25: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

1. Focus on space 空間に着目する2. Co-create between academia & industry 学術研究と実務による共同での創造3. Focus on human outcomes 人間の結果に着目する4. Model the impact of cities on resource flows 資源の流れについての都市のインパクトをモデル化する5. Model the impact of cities on the environment 環境に関する都市のインパクトをモデル化する

Space Syntax Key lessons主要な教訓スペースシンタックス

Page 26: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Actions

Decisions

Consultations

Ideas for change

Uncertainties

People1.Behaviour2.Wealth3.Health4.Safety5.Cultural identity

Resources1.Materials2.Energy3.Finance4.Utilities supply5.Waste handling

Urban Form1.Spatial Form2.Physical Form- capacity- location- condition- value

v3

Environment1.Sun 2.Wind3.Rainfall4.Groundform5.Biodiversity

Data Mapping

Data Quantification

Map Urban Data Collective

Integrated platform for visualising performance dataHow is the place working?

Opportunities & Constraints

Creation of Conceptual Options

React Urban Strategy

Integrated urban policy and practiceWhat are the opportunities for change?

Test Urban Forecast Model

Scenario testing & performance forecastingHow will performance be affected by change?

Simulation & Optimisation of Options

Development of Preferred Option

UnderstandingsAnalyse Urban Performance Model

Integrated urban diagnostics: spatial analyticsWhy does the place work the way it does?

Urban Diagnosis

Issues, Objectives & Principles

SMART STEPSUSER INTERFACES

Decision groups

Data out

DATA INPUTS

1

2

3

4

5

6

Space Syntax © 2014

Sense

Health Wealth Happiness

Dat

a in

人 都市構造 資源 環境

Behaviour change

不確実性

理解

改善案

協議

決断

実行

調 査

地図化 都市データの収集

分 析 都市機能モデル

応 答 都市戦略

検 証 都市予測モデル

Integrated  統合型Urban      都市Model     モデル

マッピング

定量化

都市の診断

課題・方向性

機会・制約

コンセプト案

シミュレーション・最適化

計画案の決定

健康 豊かさ 幸福

行動変化

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Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン     迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Page 28: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン     迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Page 29: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン     迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Page 30: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン     迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Page 31: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorSpatial layout as critical infrastructure

IGEBC UK SeminarSpace Syntax © 2014

Spatial Accessibility

High

Low

Spatial masterplanning Rapid design development & testing空間マスタープラン     迅速なデザイン検討と評価

Page 32: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

英国貿易投資総省

英国研究会議

学術機関

製造、建設、コンサルティング、公益事業

の各業界

未来都市、交通システムカタパルトの運動

各省庁のスマートシティ部門

英国のスマートシティ戦略

イノベーティブUKプログラム

英国の都市・市民

ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省

未来都市フォーサイト・プロジェクト

各専門家団体・組織

英国規格協会オープンデータ協会

Page 33: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

英国貿易投資総省

英国研究会議

学術機関

製造、建設、コンサルティング、公益事業

の各業界

未来都市、交通システムカタパルトの運動

各省庁のスマートシティ部門

英国のスマートシティ戦略

イノベーティブUKプログラム

英国の都市・市民

ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省

未来都市フォーサイト・プロジェクト

各専門家団体・組織

英国規格協会オープンデータ協会

Page 34: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

The Future of Cities Foresight ProjectOverview

Project aimProvide central and local

government with an evidence base to support decisions in the short term which will lead to positive outcomes for cities in the long term.

Spatial scalesUK system of cities and city

systems.

Time horizons2040, 2065.

未来都市フォーサイト・プロジェクト概要

プロジェクトの目的国、地方の政府の意思決定を支えるエビデンスを提供することを通じて、将来的に、より良い街をつくることを目指す。

対象範囲英国各都市の都市システム

計画対象期間2040年、 2065年

Page 35: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

1. In which locations, and in what numbers, are people going to live, work and take leisure?

2. What forms of movement will exist to connect people together?

3. What flows of resources will need to occur - for example with energy, water and waste – to support human behaviour patterns?

4. What technologies will exist to support these interactions?

5. What impacts will these have on the natural environment?

6. How will future places be funded?

7. How will decisions be made to address each of these questions?

The Future of Cities Foresight ProjectKey urban policy questions

どの「場所」に、どれだけの「数」の人口が住み、働き、訪れるのか?

どのような「移動」が、人々を結びつけるのか?

人々の行動を支えるため、どのような「資源」(エネルギー、水、ゴミ)の流れが必要か?

これらによって、自然環境に対してどのような「影響」があるのか?

これからできる場所は、どのように「資金供給」されるのか?

これらの問いへの答えは、どのように「決定」されるのか?

都市戦略についての主要な問い

Page 36: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Future Cities/Transport Catapult/Demonstrators

Professional Institutes

UK Research Councils

UKTISmart Cities

Innovate UK Cities Programme

UK Cities & Citizens

Manufacturing, Construction, Consulting & Utilities Industries

Academic Institutions

British Standards/ Open Data Institute

GO-Science ForesightFuture of Cities

Smart Cities Ministerial ForumGovernment Depts.

UK Smart & Future Cities Strategy

英国貿易投資総省

英国研究会議

学術機関

製造、建設、コンサルティング、公益事業

の各業界

未来都市、交通システムカタパルトの運動

各省庁のスマートシティ部門

英国のスマートシティ戦略

イノベーティブUKプログラム

英国の都市・市民

ビジネス・イノベーション・技能省

未来都市フォーサイト・プロジェクト

各専門家団体・組織

英国規格協会オープンデータ協会

Page 37: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Copyright © 2012 BSI. All rights

reserved.

oExisting standards mapped onto smart city model

✓ Mostly Technical: “What”

needs to be done to implement

✓ Some Process: “How” actions and steps to be taken to implement

✓ Few Strategic: “Why”planning and management

guidance

www.bsigroup.com/smartcitymapping

Mapping smart city standardsスマートシティ標準化の見取り図

ほとんどが、技術的に「何を」すべきかについて

いくつかは、プロセスとして「どのように」実現すべきかについて

計画や運営についての戦略としての「なぜ」という部分は少ない

Page 38: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Copyright © 2012 BSI. All rights

reserved.

ISO Advisory Group on

Smart Cities ISO/TC 268Sustainable

developmentin

communities

Strategic

Process

Technical

CurrentISO work

CurrentCEN work

ISO/IEC JTC1Study

Group onSmart Cities

IECSystems

EvaluationGroup on

Smart Cities

CENCENELEC

ETSICo-

ordinationGroup onSmart &

Sustainable,Cities &

Communities

CurrentIEC work

CurrentITU work

ISO/TC 268/SC 1Smart Community

Infrastructure

ITU-T Focus Group on

Smart,Sustainable

Cities

BSI Lead

International smart city standardisation activities スマートシティに関する標準化の国際的な動き

戦略論

プロセス論

技術論

国際電気通信連合

英国規格協会が主導

国際電気標準会議

欧州標準化委員会

国際標準化機構

Page 39: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

London 2012 ロンドン オリンピック・パラリンピック 2012

Page 40: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Design Panels

1. Quality Review Panel

2. Built Environment Access Panel

デザインパネル(委員会)

質的評価委員会

周辺環境アクセス委員会

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 41: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

London 2012 Creating a piece of city 都市の一角を創造する

Page 42: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Addressing deprivation 貧困問題の解消

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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A tear in London’s fabric ロンドンの都市繊維の裂け目

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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A park to stitch between west and east 東西を縫い合わせる公園

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 45: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

The London 2012 site ロンドン オリンピック・パラリンピックの会場

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 46: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Transport connectivity 公共交通の接続性

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 47: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

The Olympic Fringe public

realm programme

Underway since 2005

オリンピック会場周辺公共領域プログラム

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 48: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Tim StonorIntegrated Urbanism Space Syntax © 2014

London 2012 Conceptual Spatial Masterplan概念的な空間マスタープラン

Page 49: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Games time 大会開催中

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 50: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Games time 大会開催中

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Games layout 会場のレイアウト

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 52: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

10/09/11

Retained venues 存続する競技会場

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Buildings frame the Park 建物が公園の領域を規定する

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Post-Games layout (Transformation) 終了後のレイアウト(転換)

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

Page 55: Tim Stonor_The spatial architecture of the smart city_141030

Marshgate Wharf

Chobham Manor

Pudding Mill

East Wick

Sweetwater

Legacy Masterplan レガシー(遺産)のマスタープラン

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Accessibility & connectivity are critical アクセスとつながりが最重要

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Pedestrian routes 歩行者ルート

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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East London Green Grid

Cycle routes 自転車ルート

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Connecting to East London’s vibrant communitiesConnecting to local communities 地域コミュニティーをつなぐ

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Fostering local centres 地域の中心地区を発展させる

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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North Park

Canal Park

South Park

Three distinctive parks 特色ある公園

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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North Park 北公園

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Canal Park 運河公園

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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South Park 南公園

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Housing 居住地区

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Learning from London’s traditions ロンドンの伝統から学ぶ

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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From Media Centre to Digital Creative Districtメディアセンターから、デジタル創造地区へ

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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The GreensA planting palette consistent with the Parklands

Design quality at every scale あらゆるスケールでのデザイン的な質

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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London Legacy Development Corporation

• a landowner

• a investor/developer

• an estate manager

• a planning authority

ロンドンレガシー開発公社

地権者

出資者、ディベロッパー

不動産マネージャー

計画立案機関

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Interim uses 暫定的な土地利用

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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Interim uses 暫定的な土地利用

London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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London Legacy Development Corporation © 2014

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@Tim_StonorThe spatial architecture of the SMART city Lessons from London 2012

Nikkei Smart City WeekSpace Syntax © 2014

www.spacesyntax-japan.com

Seiji TakamatsuManaging Director