Nama: Nim:Prodi:

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http://kimiaade.blogspot.com/2015/03/sejarah-terbentuknya-unsur-unsur.htmlhttp://nuryantahachemistry10.blogspot.com/2012/04/logam-golongan-8-viii-b_25.htmlhttp://osmium-wb-24863.gatotkaca.my.id/id1/pengetahuan-2323/Hs_23288_osmium-wb-24863-gatotkaca-id.htmlhttps://erwantoindonesia.wordpress.com/2012/06/29/makalah-besi-rutenium-dan-osmium/

Salah satu ciri logam transisi adalah di mana unsur-unsur tersebut mempunyai lebih dari satu bilangan oksidasi. Contohnya, pada senyawa vanadium diketahui mempunyai bilangan oksidasi mulai -1 pada V(CO)6- hingga +5 pada VO43-. Bilangan oksidasi maksimum pada logam transisi baris pertama sama dengan jumlah elektron valensi seperti titanium (+4) dan mangan (+7) namun berkurang pada unsur-unsur selanjutnya. Pada baris kedua dan ketiga ada ruthenium dan osmium dengan bilangan oksidasi +8. Pada senyawa seperti [Mn04]- dan OsO4, unsur logam transisi memperoleh oktet yang stabil dengan membentuk empat ikatan kovalen. Bilangan oksidasi terendah ada pada senyawa Cr(CO)6 (bilangan oksidasi nol) dan Fe(CO)42- (bilangan oksidasi -2) di mana aturan 18 elektron dipatuhi. Senyawa tersebut juga merupakan kovalen. Ikatan ion biasanya terbentuk pada bilangan oksidasi +2 atau +3. Pada senyawa yang terlarut, ion tersebut biasanya berikatan dengan enam molekul air yang tersusun secara oktahedral.