toefl itp 19 juni 2
TRANSCRIPT
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THIS
IS
THE
COVER
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Section 1Listening Comprehension
In this section of the test, you will have an opportunity to demonstrate your ability tounderstand conversations and tals in En!lish" There are three parts to this section with
special directions for each part" #nswer all the $uestions on the basis of what is stated or
implied by the speaers in this test" %o not tae notes or write in your test boo at any
time" %o not turn the pa!es until you are told to do so"
Part A
Directions& In 'art #, you will hear short conversations between two people" #fter each
conversation, you will hear a $uestion about the conversation" The conversations and
$uestions will not be repeated" #fter you hear a $uestion, read the four possible answers
in your test boo and choose the best answer" Then, on your answer sheet, find the
number of the $uestion and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer
you have chosen"
Here is an e(ample"
On the recordin!, you hear&
In your test boo, you read& )#* He does not lie the paintin! either"
)+* He does not now how to paint"
)C* He does not have any paintin!s"
)%* He does not now what to do"
ou learn from the conversation that neither the man nor the woman lies the paintin!"
The best answer to the $uestion -.hat does the man mean/0 is )#*, -He does not liethe paintin! either"0 Therefore, the correct answer is )#*"
Sample Answer
+ %C
.#IT
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1" )#* The man should use a new
printer"
)+* The man2s printer is not set
up correctly")C* There is nothin! wron! with
the man2s printer
)%* She cannot help the man
ri!ht away
3" )#* He has spent a lot of money
on hiin! trips"
)+* He is too busy to spend time
outdoors on weeends")C* He would not lie to visit the
par"
)%* The woman should study
more durin! the weeend"
4" )#* The 5obs have already been
filled"
)+* The man should hand in his
application very soon")C* The man can start wor
today
)%* The man is not $ualified for
any on the 5obs"
6" )#* Tae a brea outside
)+* .rite a shorter paper
)C* Chan!e the li!hts in the
room)%* 7se a different computer
8" )#* She cannot discuss the
assi!nment with the man
today"
)+* She cannot lend her
maretin! boo to the man"
)C* She will be in maretin!
class tomorrow")%* She already handed in the
maretin! assi!nment
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9" )#* .ait for a friend
)+* :oo at the lunch menu
)C* ;et somethin! to eat
)%* Shop for !roceries
<" )#* He scheduled another
interview"
)+* He bou!ht a new suit for the
interview"
)C* He did not !o to the
interview"
)%* His interview was not
successful"
=" )#* The woman did not
remember her appointment"
)+* The woman needs to !et a
calendar"
)C* The man may not need a new
tie"
)%* She also needs air in her ties"
>" )#* She saw a nail in the man2s
tire"
)+* The man should not drive on
the tire"
)C* The man may not need a new
tire"
)%* She also needs air in her
tires"
1?" )#* He is very busy @riday
ni!hts"
)+* He has not seen his parents
for a lon! time"
)C* He is sorry that he missed
the dinner"
)%* He accepts the woman2s
invitation"
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11" )#* 'rofessor Campbell chan!ed
the conference time"
)+* He is plannin! to stay until the
conference is finished")C* He will not attend the concert"
)%* He will wait for the woman"
13" )#* He bou!ht it from a friend"
)+* He has not used it yet"
)C* He is disappointed with it"
)%* He lies the camera that came
with it"
14" )#* .hen the photo!raph was
taen
)+* .ho too the photo!raph
)C* .ho is picture in the
photo!raph
)%* .hether he wants the
photo!raph
16" )#* She was not able to find any
outside sources"
)+* She did not have any new ideas
about the topic"
)C* She misunderstood the
assi!nment"
)%* She already included many
outside sources"
18" )#* ;ive the woman more time to
write her paper
)+* Visit the woman in the hospital
)C* Refuse to accept the woman2s
paper
)%* :et the woman chan!e the
topic of her paper
19" )#* He never shops at the local
!rocery store)+* The woman should buy her
produce from the farm
)C* The !rocery store has hi!her
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$uality produce
)%* It is cheaper to buy ve!etables
at the farm
1<" )#* The woman should continue
drivin!"
)+* The y will arrive late for
dinner"
)C* He for!ot the reservations"
)%* He is not sure what is wron!
with the car"
1=" )#* She received her boos lastwee"
)+* She 5ust ordered her boos
yesterday"
)C* The man2s boo will probably
arrive soon"
)%* She will help the man place a
new order for his boos"
1>" )#* She does not a!ree with theman about the musical"
)+* She also en5oyed the sin!in! in
the musical"
)C* She is plannin! to see a
different musical"
)%* She would lie to see the
musical with the man"
3?" )#* +uy stamps at the post office)+* Aail the woman2s bills
)C* %rive to the woman2s house
)%* 'ic up a paca!e from the
post office
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31" )#* The woman can mae her call
tomorrow"
)+* There is a problem with the
woman2s telephone")C* The airline2s office are closed"
)%* He does not now what the
problem could be"
33" )#* She plans to interview the
man"
)+* The man2s interview was
satisfactory"
)C* She thins the man2s resume isfine"
)%* The man should revise his
resume"
34" )#* 'am wants to !et a 5ob in the
infirmary"
)+* 'am will come home from the
infirmary on the weeend"
)C* The woman should !et offwor early to visit 'am"
)%* The woman could !o to the
infirmary on the weeend"
36" )#* He does not lie the
appearance of the old
dormitories"
)+* It is difficult to !et a room in
the old dormitories")C* The woman should consider
the disadvanta!es of the old
dormitories"
)%* It more inconvenient to live in
the old dormitories"
38" )#* The library closed earlier than
she e(pected"
)+* She could not find a birthday present"
)C* She piced Bac up at the !olf
course"
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)%* The boostore did not have
what she was looin! for
39" )#* He has not played tennis in a
while"
)+* He does not now how to play
tennis"
)C* His tennis racet is broen"
)%* H e needs to rest before he
plays"
3<" )#* Tae both sweaters alon!
)+* Choose the warmer sweater
)C* 'ic the bri!htercolored
sweater )%* .ear a heavy coat instead of a
sweater
3=" )#* He would lie the woman to
reschedule the meetin!"
)+* He will meet the woman
briefly on @riday"
)C* The report will not be ready
until Thursday")%* The report was finished last
@riday"
3>" )#* His 5ob starts ne(t wee"
)+* He is ea!er to start his new
5ob"
)C* His professor was mistaen
about the 5ob"
)%* He believes the 5ob interview
went well"
4?" )#* Tae a shorter route
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)+* +uy new sun!lasses
)C* %rive on a different road
)%* Consider usin! Route 3<
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Part B
Directions& In this part of the test, you will hear lon!er conversations" #fter each
conversation, you will hear several $uestions" The conversations and $uestions will not be repeated"
#fter you hear a $uestion, read the four possible answers in your test boo and choose
the best answer" Then, on you answer sheet, find the number of the $uestion and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen"
Remember, you are not allowed to tae notes or write in your test boo"
.#IT
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41" )#* How to learn a second
lan!ua!e
)+* The importance of early
childhood education)C* 'hases of lan!ua!e
development in youn! children
)%* Aethods to help children
develop their vocabularies
43" )#* Their voice bo( is not
poisonin! correctly yet"
)+* Their hearin! is not !ood
enou!h yet")C* They do not yet have the
muscle control needed"
)%* Their brains are not yet
ade$uately developed"
44" )#* They are difficult for children
to pronounce"
)+* They occur in all lan!ua!e"
)C* They are amon! the firstsounds babies mae"
)%* They are sometimes used to
refer to housepets"
46" )#* .hen children learn to say
whole sentences
)+* In the first month of life
)C* .hen children start to !o to
school)%* .hen children learn to
associate sounds with meanin!
48" )#* The life of a wellnown
Canadian architect
)+* The architectural desi!n of a
museum
)C* The variety of museums in.ashin!ton, %"C"
)%* The chan!in! function of the
modern museum
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49" )#* +oth were desi!n by the same
architect"
)+* +oth are located in.ashin!ton, %"C"
)C* +oth feature similar e(hibits"
)%* +oth were built around a
central s$uare"
4<" )#* # classical temple
)+* # wellnown museum
)C* # modern office buildin!
)%* # natural landscape
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PART C
%irection& In the part of the test, you will hear several short tals" #fter each tal, you
will hear some $uestions" The tals and the $uestions will not be repeated"
#fter you hear a $uestion, read the four possible answers in your test boo and choose
the best answer" Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the $uestion and fill in
the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen"
Here is an e(ample"
On recordin!, you will hear&
Dow listen to a sample $uestion"
In your test boo, you read& )#* To demonstrate the latest use of computer
!raphics
)+* To discuss the possibility of an economic
depression
)C* To e(plain the worin!s of the brain
)%* To dramatie a famous mystery story
The best answer to the $uestion -.hat is the main purpose of the pro!ram/0 is )C*, -To
e(plain the worin!s of the brain"0 Therefore, the correct choice is )C*"
Dow listen to another sample $uestion"
In your test boo, you read& )#* It is re$uired of all science ma5or")+* It will never be shown a!ain"
)C* It can help viewers improve their memory sills"
)%* It will help with course wor"
The best answer to the $uestion -.hy does the speaer recommend watchin! the
pro!ram/0 is )%*, -It will help with course wor"0 Therefore, the correct choice is )%*"
Remember, you are not allowed to tae notes or write in your test boo"
C+
Sample Answer
%#
# + C# +
Sample Answer
.#IT
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4=" )#* To point out potential causes
of structural stress
)+* To describe an e(hibit from a
science museum)C* To e(plain elements that
appear in a buildin! he is
writin! about
)%* To su!!est information that
the woman should included
in her paper
4>" )#* Traditional views on the
purpose of a museum)+* Traditional values of Dative
#mericans
)C* Traditional methods of
construction
)%* Traditional forms of
classical architecture
6?" )#* How !rasshoppers find food
)+* How !rasshoppers fi!ht other insect
)C* How !rasshoppers
communicate with each other
)%* How !rasshoppers escape
from dan!er
61" )#* To correct a common
misunderstandin! about
!rasshopper )+* To help e(plain how well
!rasshop
per has
5umped"
)C* To compare the sie of
!rasshopper with that of
other insect"
)%* To show how $uicly
!rasshoppers respond to
dan!er
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63" )#* They detect the nerve
impulses transmitted to a
!rasshopper2s le!s"
)+* They sense how far!rasshopper can 5umped"
)C* They detect chan!es in air
pressure"
)%* They help a !rasshoppers
find food"
64" )#* The number of impulses
transmitted to the
!rasshopper2s le!s")+* The a!e f the !rasshoppers
)C* The number of sensory
or!ans the !rasshoppers has
)%* The sie of the nerves that
control walin!
66" )#* The advanta!es of an
economy based on farmin!
)+* Reasons farmers continuedusin! river transportation
)C* The role of cotton in the
7nited States Economy
)%* Improved methods of
transportin! farm corps
68 )#* The new technolo!y used to
builds roads
)+* The ability to transport !oodsover land
)C* The trade in !rain and cotton
)%* The linin! of smaller local
roads into one lon! road
69 )#* Reduced char!es for
transportin! farm products
)+* Re$uired payment from
vehicles that used their roads)C* Aade repairs to older roads
)%* Installed streetli!hts on the
roads connectin! ma5or cities
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6<" )#* To describe the main parts of
the first airplane
)+* To compare the desi!ns of
two comple( machines)C* To illustrate an important
aspect of the invention
process
)%* To e(plain how inventors
loo for inspiration
6=" )#* Inventin! somethin! useful
can brin! financial rewards"
)+* Contests are sometimes usedto motivate inventors"
)C* Early contributors to an
invention are seldom
acnowled!e
)%* Studyin! history has led to
technolo!ical breathrou!hs"
6>" )#* It wei!hed si!nificantly less"
)+* It was less resistant to rust"
)C* It could withstand hi!her
temperatures"
)%* It used more technolo!y from
ship buildin!"
8?" )#* They made them sli!htly
wider")+* They made them out of a
denser material"
)C* They twisted them in two
places"
)%* They made their tips thinner"
This is the end of Section 1.
Stop work on Section 1.
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STO' STO' STO' STO'
STO'
Do NOT red or work on n! other section of the test.
The s"per#isor wi$$ te$$ !o" when to %e&in work on Section '.
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Section 2Structure and Written Epression
This section is desi!ned to measure your ability to reco!nie lan!ua!e that isappropriate for standard written En!lish" There are two types of $uestions in this
section, with special directions for each type"
Structure
Directions& Fuestions 118 are incomplete sentences" +eneath each sentence you will
see four words or phrases, mared )#*, )+*, )C*, and )%*" Choose the one word or
phrase that best completes the sentence" Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of
the $uestion and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen"
Eample !
;eysers have often been compared to volcanoes
they both emit hot li$uids from below Earth2s surface"
)#* despite
)+* because
)C* in re!ard to
)%* as a result of
The sentence should read, -;eysers have often been compared to volcanoes because
they both emit hot li$uids from below Earth2s surface"0 Therefore, you should choose
)+*"
Eample !!
%urin! the early period of ocean navi!ation, any
need for sophisticated instruments and techni$ues"
)#* so that hardly
)+* when there hardly was
)C* hardly was
)%* there was hardly
The sentence should read, -%urin! the early period of ocean navi!ation, there was
hardly any need for sophisticated instruments and techni$ues"0 Therefore, you should
choose )%*"
Dow be!in wor on the $uestions"
Time& 38 minutes
Sample Answer
%C#
+
Sample Answer
C %#
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1" , the son of an impoverished
farmer, was born on :on! Island"
)#* The poet was .alt .hitman
)+* .hen the poet was .alt.hitman
)C* The poet .alt .hitman
)%* That the poet was .alt
.hitman
3" in pronunciation that
Canadian En!lish asserts its
distinctiveness, and it has done
from earliest times")#* 'rimarily is
)+* 'rimarily has
)C* It is primarily
)%* There has primarily
4" Sta!ecoaches reached their
!reatest importance in the 7nited
States in the nineteenth century,
when paved roads made travel"
)#* was $uicer and more
comfortable
)+* $uicer and more comfortable
)C* for bein! $uicer and more
comfortable
)%* $uicer and more comfortable
to be
6" Colla!en and elastin, of the
sin2s connective tissue, are
composed of protein fibers"
)#* the chief components are
)+* the chief components that
)C* are the chief components
)%* the chief components
8" In the early ei!hteenth century,
Ohio !rew from a virtual
wilderness to become of the
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early states had been in 1<<9"
)#* most than more populous
)+* more populous than most
)C* more than more populous
)%* populous most than more
9" #lthou!h in the nature as
two atoms that are held to!ether
by chemical bonds, most elements
occur as sin!le atoms"
)#* some elements that e(ist
)+* that e(istence of some
elements)C* some elements e(ist
)%* some elements e(istin!
<" The femur, or thi!hbone, is
in the human body"
)#* the bone is lon!est
)+* the lon!est bone that
)C* the lon!est bone
)%* that of which the lon!est bone
=" .hile flies are fre$uently
observed assembled in !reat
numbers, they are not social insect
termites, bees, and ants are
social"
)#* sense that
)+* that is the sense
)C* in the sense that
)%* is the sense
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>" Raccoons can live in a variety of
habitats, they favor mature
forest areas with water readily
available")#* that
)+* such as
)C* why
)%* but
1?" +usinesses loo to maretin! and
mareters to solve a small number
of important problems "
)#* can be faced)+* that they face
)C* are facin! them
)%* of which they face
11" On attainin! ma(imum sie,
by drawin! itself out and dividin!
into two dau!hter amoebas, each
receivin! identical nuclear
materials")#* the reproduction of the
amoebas
)+* the amoeba, which
reproduces
)C* reproducin! the amoeba
)%* the amoeba reproduces
13" #lthou!h the hu!e ice masses
!laciers move slowly, theyare a powerful erosive force in
nature"
)#* call them
)+* are called
)C* to call
)%* called
14" 'ortrait prints were the first
reproductions of #merican paintin!s widely distributed
in the 7nited States"
)#* were
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)+* that which
)C* that bein!
)%* to be
16" Only after bein! released throu!h
the weatherin! of continental
rocs into the oceans by the
streams"
)#* that carried chemical
elements
)+* were the chemical elements
carried
)C* when the chemical elementswere carried
)%* carried chemical elements
18" 'i!eons are swift, powerful flyers
with lar!e fli!ht muscles in their
chest, and their feathers are stiffer
and smoother of most other
birds"
)#* of those)+* those are
)C* those
)%* than those
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Written Epression
%irections& In $uestions 196? each sentence has four underlined words or phrases" The
four underlined parts of the sentence are mared )#*, )+*, )C*, and )%*" Identify the oneunderlined word or phrase that must be chan!ed for the sentence to be correct" Then, on
your answer sheet, find the number of the $uestion and fill in the space that corresponds
to the letter of the answer you have chosen"
Eample !
;uppies are sometimes call rainbow fish due to the
# +
bri!ht colors of the males" C %
The sentence should read, -;uppies are sometimes called rainbow fish due to the bri!ht
colors of the males"0 Therefore, you should choose )#*"
Eample !!
Servin! several term in the 7nited States Con!ress,
# +
Shirley Chisholm became a respected political fi!ure" C %
The sentence should read, -Servin! several terms in the 7nited States Con!ress, Shirley
Chisholm became a respected political fi!ure"0 Therefore, you should choose )+*"
Dow be!in wor on the $uestions"
C+
Sample Answer
%
Sample Answer
+ C %#
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19" 7nited States #uthor :ouis may #lcott2s classic Little Women drew on hers own
home circumstances, the heroine Bo bein! a partial selfportrait
C %
1<" #lthou!h #lasa is the state in the 7nited States with the lar!est area, Te(as is the
# + C %
one that is divide into the lar!est number of counties
1=" #ll harmonies music that is not contrapuntal depends from the relationship of
# +
chords, which are either consonant or dissonant
C %
1>" The number of embroidery stitches, e(amples of which are find on survivin!
# + C %
linen samplers, !reatly increased in nineteenth century
3?" Independence political of newspaper became a common feature of 5ournalism
# + C %
in the 7nited States of the 1=6?2s and 1=8?2s
31" # deep cave is completely dar, has stable atmosphere, and had an almost
#
constant temperature
+ C %
33" .hen a ray of li!ht passes from one transparent medium, such as air, into other,
# + C
such as !lass, it is bent
%
34" Especially abundant prairie re!ions, the tumbleweed plant brea from its root at
# +
maturity, dries into a rounded tan!le of branches, and rolled lon! distance with
C %
the wind
36" The international Aonetary @und was created in a effort to stabilie e(chan!e rates
# + C
without interferin! with the healthy !rowth of trade %
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38" The ma5ority of children in the 7nited States attend elementary and secondary
schools
# +
in their nei!hborhoods that are primarily fundin! by local and state ta(es C %
39 The Aily .ay ;ala(y includes the Sun, its planets, and rest of the solar system"
# + C
alon! with billions of stars and other ob5ects"
%
3<" Some of the earliest mechanical devices were desi!ned to raise water from
# +
streams for the irri!ate of corps"C %
3=" #ll porcupines are essential nocturnal and are primarily plant eaters"
# +
C %
3>" Auch of the early European colonists in Dorth #merica remared on the
# + profusion of birds, animal, and fish
C %
4? The #merican oolo!ist %ian @ossey conducted field studies of wild !orillas that
#
disproved old beliefs that !orillas were violence and a!!ressive
+ C %
41 Henry @ord2s application of the assemblyline techni$ue in manufacturin! resulted
# +in the first massproduced car within reach of people with incomes avera!e
C %
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43" Aassive !ains in computer speed, power, and reliably have been lar!ely due
# +
to advances in silicon technolo!ies and manufacturin! processes
C %
44" #lthou!h there are various other sources, a !reat deal of heat comes directly from
# +
the Sun and accounts for the e(ist of life on Earth
C %
46" .hen touched, the eys on a piano activate the mechanism that throws
# +
feltcovered hammers a!ainst the strin!s in the piano case, produced sound
C %
48" The conspicuous differences between plants or animals first led biolo!ist to create a
#
formal division of all life in two in!doms, 'lantae and #nimalia
+ C %
49" The male cicada sounds is made by specialied structures on the abdomen and
# + C
which apparently serves to attract females
%
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4<" #stronomers use photo!raphy and si!htin! telescope to study the motions of all off
# + C %
the bri!ht stars and many of the faint one
4= Tree sparrows have three different call relatin! to fli!ht and live in colonies may
# +
consist of as many as a hundred birds
C %
4>" The art of decoratin! tepees, clothin!, and moccasins with bird feathers and
porcupine
# + C
$uills was a very ancient and sacred Cheyenne women2s crafts%
6?" 'ublished in 1>3=, Aar!aret Aeads Coming Of Age in Samoa was reported on the
first of seven culture in the South 'acific re!ion where she studied certain aspects
of childhood
This is the end of Section '.
If !o" finish %efore ti(e is c$$ed) check !o"r work on Section ' on$!.
STO' STO' STO' STO'
STO'
Do NOT red or work on n! other section of the test.
The s"per#isor wi$$ te$$ !o" when to %e&in work on Section *.
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NO TEST MATERIAL ON THIS PAGE
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Section "Reading Comprehension
Directions& In this section you will read several passa!es" Each one is followed by
several $uestions about it" @or $uestions 18?, you are to choose the one best answers,
)#*, )+*, )C*, or )%*, to each $uestion" Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of
the $uestion and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have
chosen"
#nswer all $uestions followin! a passa!e on the basis of what is stated or implied in that
passa!e"
Read the followin! passa!e&
Line
5
The railroad was not the first institution to impose re!ularity on society, or to draw
attention to the importance of the precise timeeepin!" @or as lon! as merchants
have set out their wares at daybrea and communal festivities have been celebrated,
people have been in rou!h a!reement with their nei!hbors as to the time of the day"
The value of this tradition is today more apparent than ever" .ere it not for public
acceptance of a sin!le yardstic of time, social life would be unbearably chaotic& the
massive daily transfers of !oods, services, and information would proceed in fits
and startsG the very fabric of modern society would be!in to unravel"
Eample !
.hat is the main idea of the passa!e/
)#* In modern society we must mae more time for
our nei!hbors"
)+* The traditions of society are timeless"
)C* #n accepted way of measurin! time is essential
for the smooth functionin! of society"
)%* Society 5ud!es people by the times at which they
conduct certain activities"
The main idea of the passa!e is that the societies need to a!ree about how time is to be
measured in order to function smoothly" Therefore, you should choose )C*"
Eample !!
In line 8, the phrase -this tradition0 refers to
)#* the practice of startin! the business day at dawn
)+* friendly relations between nei!hbors)C* the railroad2s reliance on time schedules
)%* people2s a!reement on the measurement of time
The phrase -this tradition refers to the precedin! clause, -people have been in rou!h
a!reement with their nei!hbors as to the time of day"0 Therefore, you should choose )%*"
Time& 88 minutes
Sample Answer
%# +
C+
Sample Answer
%#
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Dow be!in wor on the $uestion"
#uestions 1$%
Line
5
10
15
20
25
In preindustrial Europe, clothin! for everyday wor was made from whatever rawmaterials were available, mostly linen and wool" +oth sheep2s wool and the fla(
from which linen was made were spun into thread and woven into cloth at home,
and used to mae various articles of clothin! as well as bedcovers and curtains for
doors and windows" The surplus was sold either throu!h itinerant merchants or at
town marets and fairs" The weavin! of linen yarn remained lar!ely a rural
occupation until it was superseded by industrial mass production" The main! of
woolen cloth since the Aiddle #!es had been concentrated in towns, which were
also importin! and preparin! a new raw material from #sia& cotton" Thread madefrom cotton, was !iven to cotta!e worers to be woven into cloth on their own
home looms, !ivin! the rural te(tile industry a considerable boost" +ut in the
ei!hteenth century, factory massproduction be!an to compete with the handlooms,
and in the nineteenth century effectively replaced them
The main! of cloth into articles of clothin! was also undertaen by tailors, who
had multiplied in the towns since the Aiddle #!es as independents artisans" Tailor
made dresses, trousers, smocs, cloas, and capes were replacin! the rou!hly
prepared sins and furs that had formerly served as protection a!ainst inclement
weather, thou!h in remote rural areas these remained everyday wear much lon!er
than in the towns" In this respects , as in so many others, the towns were the
pioneersG in the towns, bucles, leather belts, and buttons replaced the strin!s and
clothbands that had been used to fasten clothin!" Stocin! and leather shoes came
into fashion, replacin! footwrappin!s and wooden clo!s" :eather shoes were
already widely worn in rural areas in the ei!hteenth century, when the farmers were
main! the !reater profits, thou!h they only became common as everyday wear
durin! the nineteenth century
1" The passa!e support which of the
followin! statements about cotton/
)#* It was stron!er than fla(
)+* It did not ori!inate in Europe
)C* It was e(tremely difficult to
weave
)%* It was preffered over wool by
residents of rural areas3" The word -articles0 in line 6 is
closest in meanin! to
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)#* items
)+* sies
)C* re$uirements
)%* measurements
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4" .hat did the weavers do with their
surplus material/
)#* They e(ported them to #sia"
)+* They sold them locally")C* They stored them for later use
)%* They used them to mae
decorations to sell in the cities
6" The word -concentrated0 in the line =
is closest in the meanin! to
)#* unnown
)+* stren!thened)C* failin!
)%* centered
8" In what way rural te(tile industry
!iven a considerable boost/
)#* Industrialist moved their factories
to rural areas"
)+* Its products !ained popularitywith city dwellers
)C* Aassproduction techni$ues freed
worers from difficult tass
)%* It be!an to weave cotton cloth as
well as linen cloth"
9" .hy does the author mention -sins
and furs0 in line 1</
)#* To compare clothin! made by an
artisan with factorymade
clothin!
)+* To su!!est that clothin! made
from cloth was inferior
)C* To described characteristic that
affected the durability of clothin!
)%* To e(plain how clothin! fashions
were chan!in!
<" The word -formerly0 in line 1< is
closest meanin! to
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)#* seriously
)+* previously
)C* carefully
)%* reasonably
=" .hat was the author mean by statin!
-the towns were the pioneers0 in line
1>/
)#* Innovations usually appeared in
towns first
)+* :ife in the towns was difficult
durin! the Aiddle #!es
)C* 'eople were mi!ratin! from ruralareas to towns
)%* Silled tailors could only be
found in towns
>" The word -they0 in line 36 refers to/
)#* leathers shoes"
)+* rural areas"
)C* farmers)%* profits
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#uestions 1&$2&
Line
5
10
15
20
25
The clay used by Colonial #merican potters was earth that came from ancients
rocs and was lar!ely aluminum silicate" Its fine particles, each only five thousandths
of a millimeter in sie, made it tend to stic to!ether and also made it easy to shape
when wet" aolin is white clay, but most clay is colored by some mineral impurity&
red, yellow, tan, !ray, or blue" The proportions of their elements mae some clays
produce harder pottery than others and hardness can also be improved by what the
potters add to their clay
ColoniaG potters found that the clay they du! was full of unwanted matter such as
pebbles and the remains of old leaves and roots" Their first 5ob was to clean it" If they
were not too particular about the $uality of the clay, they could use a device to push it
throu!h an iron sieve" They would then mi( it in a -plu! mill"0 If the clay had to beclean for main! !ood pots, it was mi(ed with a lot of water, floatin! ve!etable
impurities were simmed of, and the -clay soup0 poured off, leavin! the pebbles
behind in the tub" #llowed to stand, the clay would settle and the potter could remove
most of the e(cess water"
'ure clay will crac when it is heated, so the potters -tempered0 it by mi(in! in a
si(th part, or even a fifth part, of clean sand while the clay was still $uite soupy" @or
the latter and harder stoneware, they added both sand and powdered flint" The e(tra
water in the clay needed to be removed throu!h evaporation, often hasrened by heat"Then, when the mass has thicened, it was !athered into lumps and stored for wees
in a damp cellar to cure" #fter the time in the cellar, the clay stil had air bubbles in it"
Stron!armed apprentices beat it thorou!hly with clubs until the bubbles were !one"
#t this point, the clay was $uite wet and soft and was ready to be modeled into mu!s,
cups, pots, or whatever the potters desired"
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1?" .hat is the passa!e mainly about/
)#* .hat different types of clay
were used by Colonial #merican
potters")+* .hat pottery styles were used in
Colonial #merica"
)C* How Colonial #merican potters
prepared clay for pottin!
)%* How preparation of clay has
chan!ed since the #merican
Colonial period
11" #ccordin! to the passa!e, wet natural
clay can easily be shaped because of
the
)#* minerals it contains
)+* small sie of its particles
)C* proportions if its elements
)%* ran!e of its colors
13" It can be inferred from the passa!e thataolin clay is white because of its
)#* moisture contents
)+* hardness
)C* lac of minerals
)%* a!e
14" The word -it0 in line > refers to
)#* clay
)+* matter
)C* 5ob
)%* $uality
16" The word -particular0 in line 1? is
closest in meanin! to
)#* hurried
)+* sillful
)C* #ctive
)%* concerned
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18" #ccordin! to the passa!e, all of the
followin! were steps taen in the
cleanin! process to mae hi!h$uality
clay for !ood post ECE'T
)#* 'ushin! the clay throu!h an iron
sieve
)+* Ai(in! the clay with lar!e
$uantities of water
)C* Cleanin! off floatin! ve!etable
matter
)%* 'ourin! out the watery clay
The +"estions for this pss&e contin"e on the ne,t p&e.
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19" #ccordin! to the passa!e,
temperin! eep clay from
)#* cracin!
)+* hardenin!")C* +ecome lumpy"
)%* +ecome soupy
1<" The word -hastened0 in line 1> is
closest meanin! to
)#* limited
)+* accelerated
)C* Created)%* terminated
1=" #ccordin! to the passa!e, the
:#ST thin! to be removed from
the clay durin! its preparation was
)#* waters
)+* lumps
)C* flint particles
)%* air bubbles
1>" The word -modeled0 in line 34
most liely refers to
)#* heated
)+* hardened
)C* framed
)%* formed
3?" .hich of followin! best describes
the or!aniation of the passa!e/
)#* %etails lead to a !eneraliation
)+* Steps in a process are
described
)C* # statements is followed by
e(amples
)%* Two sides of an issues arediscussed
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Section * contin"es.
T"rn the p&e nd red the ne,t pss&e.
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#uestions 21$"&
Line
5
10
15
20
25
In the early seventeenth century, when En!lish speain! communities were first
established in the north #merican colonies, every person spelled as he or she pleased"
En!lish ortho!raphy, lie style or contents, e(presses the whim and personality of the
writer or the printer" It was not until the early ei!hteenth century that the principal
+ritish authors all spelled pretty much alieG and not until %r" Bohnson2s %ictionary
)1<88* that +ritish writers possessed a standard that nearly all of them accepted"
The most influential #merican writers on En!lish was Doah .ebster" The colossal
popularity of his spellersJthey had sold over 9? million copies before the end of the
nineteenth centuryJwas both a symptom and a symbol of the importance accorded to
lan!ua!e" .ebster2s #merican spellin! boo, -containin! an easy Standard of
'ronunciation,0 appeared in1<=4, but the demand it met had lon! been thereIn En!lish speain! communities in #merica there flourished a ritual or !ame that
popularied the effort to mae -proper0 speech accessible to all" This was the spellin!
bee" In this public ceremony, contestants too turns attemptin! to correctly spell
increasin!ly difficult words" The competition illustrated that there was no secret to
speain! or writin! the most -correct0 lan!ua!e of the community" The spellin! bee
was already familiar, especially amon! En!lish speain! residents of Dew En!land,
at the time of the .ar of Independence" #s early as 1<8?, +en5amin @ranlin had
proposed public competitive !ame of spellin!G by the latter half of the ei!hteenthcentury, spellin! matches had become well established in the schools" #mon! En!lish
speain! people livin! in rural communities and on the western frontier, where the
spellin! was especially valued as a symbol of education, the institution too on a new
life in the nineteenth century"
Emphasis on -rules0 f proper speain! and writin! profoundly influenced the whole
attitude toward pronunciation amon! En!lish speain! #mericans" It e(plains what is
still perhaps the most importance distinction between +ritish and #merican
pronunciation, the #merican tendency towards -spellin! pronunciation"0 Very early,
#mericans be!an tryin! to discover how a word -ou!ht0 to be pronounced by seein!
how it was spelled" This seemed to provide a ready standard of pronunciation in a
land without a cultural capital or a rulin! intellectual aristocracy
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31" .hat does the passa!e mainly
discuss/
)#* The importance of spellin!
bees)+* %ifferences between +ritish
and #merican spellin!
)C* The standardiation of En!lish
spellin!
)%* The relationship between
spellin! and pronunciation
33" +efore the ei!hteenth century in
Dorth #merica, En!lish speain!
people spelled accordin! to
)#* the latest fashion
)+* personal taste
)C* the rules in %r" Bohnson2s
%ictionary
)%* the standard established in a
!eo!raphical re!ion
34" It can be inferred from the passa!e
that %r" Bohnson2s %ictionary
included
)#* all possible spellin!s of
En!lish words
)+* standardied spellin! of words
in En!lish
)C* rules for both spellin! and
pronunciation of En!lish
words
)%* both +ritish and #merican
spellin! for new words in
En!lish
36" The word -colossal0 in line = is
closest meanin! to
)#* enormous
)+* disappointin!
)C* profitable
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)%* temporary
38" The word -it0 in line 11 refers to
)#* the popularity of .ebster2sspellers
)+* the nineteenth century
)C* .ebster2s #merican Spellin!
+oo
)%* an easy standard of
'ronunciation
The +"estions for this pss&e contin"e on the ne,t p&e.
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The fo$$owin& +"estions re %sed on
the pss&e on p&e *'.
39" #ccordin! to the passa!e, noah
.ebster2s wor was influential
because it
)#* introduced new words into
#merican En!lish
)+* included ideas of spellin!
!ames)C* surpassed %r" Bohnson2s boo
in $uality
)%* filled a need that already
e(isted
3<" The word -effort0 in line 16 is
closest in meanin! to
)#* attempt)+* stren!th
)C* difficulty
)%* re$uirement
3=" .hy was the -spellin! bee0 in line
1< important/
)#* it demonstrated that everyone
could learn correct lan!ua!e)+* it provided opportunities to
discuss variation in spellin!
)C* it helped each community
decide on proper
pronunciation
)%* it encoura!ed cooperation
rather than competition
3>" The word -profoundly0 in line 38is closest in meanin! to
)#* similarly
)+* mostly
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)C* previously
)%* deeply
4?" .hich of the followin! statements
best describes -spellin! pronunciation0 in the fourth
para!raph/
)#* correct spellin! and
pronunciation are determined
by the aristocracy
)+* the spellin! of a word
determines how it is
pronounced
)C* british rules are used for
pronunciation, but not for
spellin!
)%* the rules for pronunciation
are separate and distinct
from the rules for spellin!
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Section * contin"es.
T"rn the p&e nd red the ne,t pss&e.
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#uestions "1$'1
Line
5
10
15
20
25
Aoltin! is one of the most involved processes a bird2s annual life cycle"
Dotwithstandin! preenin! and constant care, the marvelously intricate structure of a
bird2s feather inevitably wears out" #ll adults bird molt their feathers at least once a
year, and upon close observation, one can reco!nie the frayed, ra!!ed appearance of
feathers that are nearin! the end of their useful life" Two distinct processes are
involved in moltin!" The first step is when the old, worn feathers is dropped, or shed"
The second is when a new feathers !rows in its place" .hen each feathers has been
shed and replaced, than the molt can be said to completed" This, however, is an
abstraction that often does not happen& incomplete, overlappin!, and arrested molts
are $uite common
Aolts re$uires that a bird find and process enou!h protein to rebuild appro(imatelyonethird of its body wei!ht" It is not surprisin! that a bird in heavy molt often seems
listless and unwell" +ut far from bein! random, molt is controlled by stron!
evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration" ;enerally,
molt occurs at the time of least stress on the bird" Aany son!birds, for instance, molt
in late summer, when the hard wor of breedin! is done but the weather is still warm
and food still plentiful" This why the woods in late summer often seem so $uite, when
compared with the e(uberant choruses of sprin!s
Aolt of the fli!ht feathers is the most hi!hly or!anied part of the process" Somespecies, or e(amples, be!in by droppin! the outmost primary feathers on each side )to
retain balance in the air* and wait until the replacement feathers are about onethird
!rown before sheddin! the ne(t outermost, and so on" Others always start with the
innermost primary feathers and wor outward" et other species be!in in the middle
and wor outward on both sides" Aost ducs shed their win! feathers at once, and
remain fli!htless for two or three wees while the replacement feathers !row
41" The passa!e mainly discusses how
)#* birds prepare for breedin!
)+* bird feathers differ from
species to species
)C* birds shed and replace their
feathers
)%* birds are affected by
seasonal chan!es
43" The word -Dotwithstandin!0 inline 3 is closest In meanin! to
)#* despite
)+* because of
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)C* instead of
)%* re!ardin!
44
)#* informally
)+* re!ularly
)C* carefully
)%* eventually
46" It is possible to identify a bird that
is ready to molt by
)#* the appearance of this its
feathers
)+* its body sie
)C* its pattern of flyin!
)%* the $uality of its son!
48" In statin! in line = -This, however,
is an abstraction,0 the author means
that the two steps of moltin! are
)#* difficult to understand
)+* part of a lar!er process
)C* often not completed
)%* similar to other processes
49" The word -random0 in line 13 is
closest in meanin! to
)#* unfortunate
)+* unusual
)C* unobservable
)%* unpredictable
4<" The word -optimal0 in line 14 is
closest in meanin! to
)#* slow
)+* fre$uent
)C* best
)%* early
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4=" .hich of the followin! is DOT
mentioned as a reason that
son!birds molt in the late summer/
)#* fewer predators are in the
woods
)+* the weather is still warm
)C* the son!birds have finished
breedin!
)%* food is still available
4>" The word -others0 in line 3? refers
to
)#* ducs
)+* sides
)C* species
)%* fli!ht feathers
6?" Some birds that are moltin!
maintain balance durin! fli!ht by
)#* constantly preenin! and carin!
for their remainin! feathers
)+* droppin! fli!ht feathers on
both sides at the same time
)C* ad5ustin!, the an!le of their
fli!ht to compensate for lost
feathers
)%* only losin! onethird of their
feathers
61" The authors discusses ducs in
order to provide an e(ample of
birds that
)#* !row replacement feathers that
are very lon!
)+* shed all their win! feathers at
one time)C* eep their innermost feathers
)%* shed their outermost feathers
first
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#uestions '2$(&
Line
5
10
15
20
25
The atmosphere of Venus is $uite different from ours" Aeasurements taen from the
Earth show a hi!h concentration of carbon dio(ide in the atmosphere of Venus" In
fact, carbon dio(ide maes up>9 percent of Venus atmosphereG nitro!en maes up
almost all the rest" The Earth2s atmosphere, by comparison, is mainly nitro!en, with a
fair amount of o(y!en as well" Carbon dio(ide maes up less than ?"1 percent of the
terrestrial atmosphere"
The surface pressure of Venus atmosphere in >? times hi!her than the pressure of
Earth2s atmosphere, as a result of the lar!e amount of carbon dio(ide in the former"
Throu!hout Earth2s history, carbon dio(ide on Earth has mi(ed with rain to dissolve
rocsG the dissolved roc and carbon dio(ide eventually flow into the oceans, where
they precipitate to form new terrestrial rocs, often with the help of lifeforms" If thiscarbon dio(ide were released from the Earth2s rocs, alon! with the other carbon
dio(ide trapped in seawater, our atmosphere would become as dense and have as hi!h
a pressure as that of Venus" Venus, sli!htly closer to the Sun than Earth and thus
hotter, had no oceans in which the carbon dio(ide could dissolve or life to help tae
up the carbon
#lso, Venus had probably lost almost all the water it ever had" Since Venus is closer
to the Sun than the Earth is, its lower atmosphere was hotter even early on" The result
was that more water vapor went into its upper atmosphere, where solar ultravioletrays broe it up into hydro!en and o(y!en" The hydro!en, a li!ht !as, escaped easilyG
the o(y!en has combined with other !asses or with iron on Venus2 surface"
Studies from the Earth show that the clouds on Venus are primarily composed of
droplets of sulfuric acid, with water droplet mi(ed in" Sulfuric acid may sound
stran!e as a cloud constituent, but the Earth too has a si!nificant layer of sulfuric acid
droplets in its stratosphere" However, the water in the lower layers of the Earth2s
atmosphere, circulatin! because of the weather, washes the sulfur compounds out o
these layers, whereas Venus has sulfur compounds in the lower layers of its
atmosphere in addition to those in its cloud"
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63" .hat does the passa!e mainly
discuss/
)#* #tmospheric differences
between Venus and Earth)+* How Venus lost the water it
once had
)C* The influence of the Sun on
Venus
)%* # comparison between the
upper and lower
atmospheres on Venus
64" The phrase -the former0 in line =
refers to
)#* the surface pressure
)+* Venus2 atmosphere
)C* Earth2s atmosphere
)%* # result
66" The word -eventually0 in line 1? is
closest in meanin! to
)#* in the past
)+* first
)C* ultimately
)%* occasionally
68" #ccordin! to the passa!e, what
cause Venus2 hi!h surface pressure
)#* %issolvin! rocs
)+* @re$uent heavy rain
)C* Its distance from the sun
)%* The composition of its
atmosphere
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The +"estions for this pss&e contin"e on the ne,t p&e.
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The fo$$owin& +"estions re %sed on
the pss&e on p&e *-.
69" .hy does author be!in the
sentence in lines 1113 with the
pharase -If its carbon dio(ide were
released from Earth2 rocs,K0/
)#* To present a situation that is
contrary to fact
)+* To convince readers that a
certain process is harmless
)C* To describe an event that too
place lon! a!o
)%* To e(plain what is liely to
happen in the future
6<" The word -trapped in line 14 is
closest in meanin! to
)#* cau!ht
)+* transported
)C* lacin!
)%* involved
6=" The passa!e su!!est that which of
the followin! helps e(plain why
Earth has ept most of its water/
)#* Earth2 surface contains only
small amount of iron
)+* Earth2 are always been cooler
than Venus
)C* Earth now has hi!her amounts
of carbon dio(ide than it used
to have
)%* EarthLs atmosphere has never
completely bloced sulfuric
acid droplets
6>" #ccordin! to the passa!e, what
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happened to o(y!en on Venus/
)#* Aost of it was absorbed into
rocs"
)+* It was released from water andthen combined with other
substance
)C* It chemically combined with
hydro!en to form atmospheric
water
)%* It has been slowly replacin!
carbon dio(ide in Venus2
upper atmosphere
8?" The word -constituent0 in line 36
is closest in meanin! to
)#* type
)+* alternative
)C* product
)%* component
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This is the end of Section *.
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STO' STO' STO' STO'
STO'
If !o" finish %efore the ti(e is c$$ed)
check !o"r work on Section * on$!.
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