The Complete Guide To The TOEFL GuidePBT Edition

Structure Section 1

Lesson 23: Missing or incomplete Prepositional Phrases. A prepositional phrase consists of a preposition (in, at, with, for, until. and so on) followed by a noun phrase or pronoun, which is called the prepositional object. Prepositional phrases often describe relationships of time and location, among others. * In the autumn, maple leaves turn red. * Beacon Hill is one of the most famous neighborhoods in Boston. * 'With luck, there won't be any more problems. * This house was built by John's grandfather.

Often, prepositional phrases come at the beginning of sentences, but they may appear in other parts of the sentence as well. The correct answer for this type of item may be a preposition, its object, or both, as well as other parts of the sentence. You may see prepositions in distractors, especially before the subject of a sentence. Remember, the object of a preposition cannot correctly be the subject of a sentence, as in these examples:

* In the autumn is my favorite season. * Without a pencil is no way to come to a test.

Directions: Choose the one option -(A), (B), (C), or (D)- that correctly completes the sentence, and then mark the appropriate blank. The first one is done as an example.

1. Dynamite is ordinarily detonated ______ called a blasting cap. ______ (A) a device is used ______ (B) that a device ______ (C) with a device ______ (D) the use of a device

2. ______ seed of a flowering plant is covered by a dense protective coat. ______ (A) On each ______ (B) Each ______ (C) Each of ______ (D) That each

3. ______ 1900 there were some 300 bicycle factories in the United States, and they produced over a million bicycles. ______ (A) In ______ (B) Because in ______ (C) It was in ______ (D) That in4. A thick layer of fat called blubber keeps whales warm even ______ coldest water. ______ (A) although the ______ (B) in the ______ (C) the ______ (D) of the

5. ______ the United States, the general movement of air masses is from west to east. ______ (A) Across ______ (B) To cross ______ (C) They cross ______ (D) It's across6. The bark of a tree thickens ______ ______ (A) with age ______ (B) it gets older ______ (C) as older ______ (D) by age

7 A substance that is harmless to a person who has no allergies can cause mild to serious reactions in a person ______ allergies. ______ (A) has ______ (B) which having ______ (C) can have ______ (D) with

8. In 1886 a number of national unions formed the American Federation of Labor ______ _______(A) Samuel Gompers was its leader _______(B) under the leadership of Samuel Gompers _______(C) which, under Samuel Gompers' leadership _______(D) Samuel Gompers led it

9. Harmonicas, autoharps, and kazoos ______ folk instruments. ______ (A) are examples ______ (B) for example ______ (C) are examples of ______ (D) as examples of

10. ______ charming shops and restaurants, Old Town is the most picturesque section of Albuquerque. ______ (A) With its ______ (B) Its ______ (C) Because its ______ (D) For its

11. ______, such as banking and travel, in which computers are not a convenience but a necessity. ______ (A) Where some industries ______ (B) In some industries ______ (C) Some industries ______ (D) There are some industries12. One of the oldest large suspension bridges still ______ today is the George Washington Bridge between New York City and Fort Lee, New Jersey. ______ (A) uses ______ (B) is used ______ (C) the use of ______ (D) in use