CNG CHI TIT MN HC LCH S NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM 1. Tn v thi lng mn hc Tn mn hc : Lch s Nh nc v Php lut Vit Nam Thi lng mn hc : 30 tit 2. V tr mn hc y l mn hc bt buc trong chng trnh o to i hc Lut, l mt trong nhng ni dung quan trng ca o to c nhn lut, nhm mc tiu gio dc ton din cho ngi hc. Mn hc ny c thit k hc sau cc mn : Trit hc Mc L nin, mn L lun v Nh nc v L lun v Php lut. V c th b tr hc vo bt k hc k no trong kha hc. 3. Mc tiu mn hc Sau khi hon tt chng trnh mn hc ny, ngi hc c th : + Nm bit c cc kin thc c bn v qu trnh ra i, tn ti v pht trin ca Nh nc v Php lut Vit Nam t ngun gc cho n cc giai on pht trin ca lch s. + So snh v phn tch c nhng quy nh v t chc v hot ng ca Nh nc cng nh ca php lut Vit Nam qua cc giai on pht trin ca lch s. + Nhn thc v l gii c nhng nguyn nhn dn n s hnh thnh, thay i ca nhng quy nh v t chc v hot ng ca Nh nc cng nh php lut Vit Nam qua cc giai on lch s. Trn c s , gp phn k tha v pht huy bn sc, vn ha php l ca dn tc. 4. Yu cu mn hc - i vi ngi hc : hc mn ny c kt qu cn phi c s tham gia y v nghim tc ca ngi hc, vic c cc ti liu c ging vin gii thiu trc v sau khi n lp cng ht sc cn thit. Trong cc bui ging v tho lun trn lp, ngi hc phi nm bt c cc ni dung c bn, cn c s trao i khi gp kh khn, ng thi khuyn khch tho lun, tranh lun v gii thch cc vn c c t ra ca mn hc. - i vi nh trng : trang b y cc ti liu cn thit phc v cho mn hc, m bo v c s vt cht cho vic ging dy. 5. Ni dung mn hc - Trong chng trnh o to c nhn lut ti trng i hc Cn Th, mn hc Lch s Nh nc v Php lut Vit Nam l mn hc nghin cu mt cch c bn qu1

trnh hnh thnh v pht trin ca b my Nh nc, php lut trong lch s Vit Nam cho n trc nm 1884. Ni dung mn hc c chia lm 7 bi, c th nh sau : 6. Phng php ging dy v nh gi mn hc - Ni dung v cc mc tiu ca mn hc s c lm r bng s kt hp ca cc phng php nh: phng php thuyt ging (nhm cung cp nhng thng tin, kin thc c bn, nn tng cho ngi hc) v phng php tho lun, tranh lun (nhm gip ngi hc kim tra li kh nng tip thu v pht trin kh nng nh gi, phn tch, so snh v lm vic nhm). Ngoi ra, cc bui thuyt trnh theo cc ti c gio vin nh hng s gip ngi hc c thm nhiu k nng v kin thc. - Trong qu trnh ging dy, ging vin s t ra cc cu hi di nhiu hnh thc khc nhau, nh: cu hi trc nghim gip ngi hc nh li nhng ni dung c bn ca bi, cu hi nhn nh gip ngi hc c th kim tra mc hiu bi ca mnh v cu hi tng hp, phn tch hay so snh gip ngi hc lm quen vi dng thi s lm trong kim tra cui mn hc - Mi hc phn gm ti thiu 2 phn nh gi trong cc phn: phn thc hnh, nh gi nhn thc, tho lun, chuyn cn, kim tra gia k, n, thi kt thc. Phn thi kt thc l bt buc phi c v chim t l khng di 50%. - Thc hnh 30 % - Kim tra gia k: 10% - Thi kt thc 60 % (t l khng di 50%)

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BI 1 S HNH THNH NH NC U TIN TRONG LCH S VIT NAM A. MC CH, YU CU y l ni dung gn lin vi kin thc l lun chung v s ra i ca nh nc. Gip ngi hc khng nh tnh ng n ca hc thuyt Mc xt v Nh nc, ng thi lm sng t nhng nhn t ng vai tr thc y dn n s ra i Nh nc Vit Nam. Cn nm c 2 vn sau: + Qu trnh pht trin ca cc nhn t dn n s hnh thnh nh nc u tin Vit Nam. + Xc nh, phn bit c nh nc trong trng thi ang hnh thnh v s hnh thnh nh nc. B. TI LIU NGHIN CU C lut Vit Nam v T php s din ging, V Vn Mu, Si Gn 1975, quyn th nht, tp mt, trang 8 - 125. Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, H Ni 2002, trang 3 - 34. Lch s cc nh ch chnh tr v php quyn Vit Nam, Phan ng Thanh Trng Th Ha, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1995, tp 1, trang 11 33. Lch s Vit Nam gin yu, Lng Ninh, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 2000, trang 15 63. Php ch s Vit Nam, V Quc Thng, T sch i hc Si Gn 1972, trang 39 42. C. NI DUNG C BN I. CC NHN T DN N S HNH THNH NH NC U TIN Bt ngun t giai on Phng Nguyn v c bit giai on ng Sn x hi Vit Nam c s chuyn bin v cc mt . 1. Chuyn bin v kinh t. + Nng nghip trng la nc chim v tr ch o, nng sut tng vt bc bt ngun t : - S thay th trong cng c lao ng trong nng nghip. - Chn nui, sn bn, nh c vn tn ti v pht trin.3

- Th cng nghip chuyn bin mnh m : * c ng, luyn st ng vai tr quan trng; * Cc ngh gm, dt, an lt, pht trin; * Thng nghip ra i. Nhn xt : nn kinh t c s chuyn bin c bn v mi mt. 2. Chuyn bin trong x hi. + Hn nhn v gia nh : * Ch ph h thay th cho ch mu h; * S xut hin ca gia nh nh, ch t hu ra i. + Cng x nng thn thay th cho cng x th tc. Cng x nng thn c xem nh tp on u tin ca nhng ngi t do; + Tha nhn quyn t hu nh v sn vt ca ngi lao ng, nhng khng tha nhn quyn t hu i vi t ai. + Phn ha x hi : cn c vo nhng ti liu kho c hc v hnh thc chn ct v ti sn chn theo ngi cht, x hi phn chia lm 3 tng lp: * Tng lp qu tc; * Tng lp nng dn cng x nng thn; * Tng lp n t. Nhn xt: s phn ha v a v v s hu cng c th hin r nt, nhng mc phn ha khng gay gt. 3. Yu t tr thy v chng ngoi xm + Nhu cu tr thy bt ngun t: * V tr a l; * Nng nghip trng la nc. + Nhu cu chng ngoi xm bt ngun t: * V tr a l; * Hin tng lch s tt yu - t v v m rng lnh th. Nhn xt: nhu cu tr thy v chng ngoi xm c ngha nh nhng yu t thc y x hi cn c s t chc, qun l ton cng ng v to tin cho s ra i ca nh nc. II. QU TRNH HNH THNH NH NC U TIN 1. Thi k Vn Lang nh nc trong trng thi ang hnh thnh - Giai on Phng Nguyn - Giai on ng u - Giai on G Mun - Giai on ng Sn + Thi gian bt u.4

+ Dn c : ngi Vit Lc Vit; + Lnh th: tng ng vi vng Bc B, Bc Trung B nc ta ngy nay v mt phn pha nam Qung ng, Qung Ty Trung Quc. + S chuyn ha quyn lc x hi sang quyn lc nh nc: * Qu tc th tc thnh nhng ngi qun l x hi; * Bng a v ca mnh qu tc th tc chim ot sn phm d tha ca cng ng. + T chc qun l x hi: hnh thnh lin minh cc b lc vo khong th k VII TCN, c th: * ng u l Hng Vng; * Chia nc lm 15 b, ng u mi b l Lc tng; Nc Vn Lang chia ra lm 15 b : 1.Vn Lang ( thuc Bch Hc, Ph Th) 2. Chu Din (thuc Sn Ty) 3. Phc Lc (thuc Sn Ty) 4. Tn Hng ( thuc Hng Ho - Tuyn Quang) 5. V nh ( thuc Thi Nguyn - Cao Bng) 6. V Ninh ( thuc Bc Ninh) 7. Lc Hi ( thuc Lng Sn 8. Ninh Hi ( thuc Qung Ninh) 9. Dng Tuyn ( thuc Hi Dng) 10. Giao Ch ( thuc H Ni - Hng Yn, Ninh Bnh) 11. Cu Chn ( thuc Thanh Ho) 12. Hoi Hoan ( thuc Ngh An) 13. Cu c ( thuc H Tnh) 14. Vit Thng ( thuc Qung Bnh, Qung Tr) 15. Bnh Vn (?) * Di b c cc cng x nng thn, ng u l B chnh. 2. Nh nc u Lc + Lch s hnh thnh nh nc u Lc: * Bt ngun t nhu cu chng gic ngoi xm: ngi Vit Lc Vit v ngi u Vit on kt li (thnh ngi u Lc) do Thc Phn ng u chng li cuc xm lc ca nh Tn nm 214 TCN; * Thc Phn thay th Hng Vng, lp nc u Lc nm 208 TCN. + T chc b my nh nc: * Thc Phn ln ngi Vua ly hiu An Dng Vng, ng Phong Kh xy thnh C Loa; * Di Vua c chc quan Lc hu; * Chia nc lm cc b do cc Lc tng ng u;

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* Cng vic cng x nng thn do B chnh v Hi ng cng x gii quyt. * T chc qun i chuyn nghip. III. PHP LUT + Php lut thnh vn cha tn ti, cc quan h trong cuc sng ch yu c iu chnh bng tp qun php, phong tc hay mnh lnh khu truyn ca nh Vua. D. CU HI N TP 1.Trnh by vai tr ca cc nhn t dn n s hnh thnh nh nc u tin trong lch s Vit Nam? 2.Trnh by ngun gc dn c v lnh th thi i Vn Lang u Lc? 3.Chng minh rng php lut thi i Vn Lang u Lc cha chu s nh hng ca php lut Trung Quc? 4.Thi gian ra i v tn ti ca nh nc Vn Lang 5.Tnh cht ca nh nc Vn Lang v u Lc.

BI 26

NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM GIAI ON BC THUC V U TRANH CHNG BC THUC (179 TCN 938) A. MC CH YU CU Trang b nhng kin thc v t chc b my nh nc ca cc chnh quyn h phng Bc qua tng thi k i vi nhn dn u Lc, gip nhn thc r bn cht ca cc kiu nh nc bc lt. + Ngi hc cn nm 2 vn c bn : - Cch thc t chc b my chnh quyn h qua tng giai on v chnh sch cai tr. - ngha cc nh nc t ch trong giai on ny. B. TI LIU NGHIN CU - Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, H Ni 2002, trang 35 64. - Lch s cc nh ch chnh tr v php quyn Vit Nam, Phan ng Thanh Trng Th Ha, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1995, tp 1, trang 35 - 67. - Lch s ch phong kin Vit Nam, Trn Quc Vng H Vn Tn, NXB Gio dc, H Ni 1960, tp 1, trang 17 210. C. NI DUNG C BN I. NH NC V PHP LUT CHNH QUYN H 1. T chc b my chnh quyn h (179 TCN 938) a) Giai on t nm 179 TCN n nm 40 + Nh Triu (179 TCN 111 TCN): thc hin chnh sch cai tr dng ngi Vit cai tr ngi Vit. - Chia nc ta thnh 2 qun: Giao Ch v Cu Chn, ng u mi qun l quan in s, gip vic c quan T tng ph trch lnh vc qun s. - Di qun nh Triu gi nguyn cch thc t chc chc c truyn ca ngi Vit, chia qun thnh cc b, ng u l cc Lc tng ngi Vit. + Nh Ty Hn (111 TCN 8) v nh Tn (8 23) : thc hin chnh sch ng ha ngu dn. - Nc ta l 3 trong s 9 qun thuc Chu Giao Ch1, ng u l quan Th s. - Gm 3 qun: Giao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam, ng u mi qun l quan Thi th, gip vic c quan s ph trch lnh vc qun s. - Di Chu l huyn, ng u l quan Huyn lnh ngi Vit.1

c hnh thnh t nm 106 TCN.

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+ Nh ng Hn (23 39) : c bn vn gi nguyn 3 cp chnh quyn a phng nh trc, nhng c s tng cng s lng quan li trong b my h. Nm canh ng (111 tr. Ty lch) nh Hn sai L Bc c v Dng Bc sang nh nh Triu, ly nc Nam Vit ( c phn t ca u Lc ) ri ci l GIAO CH B, v chia ra lm 9 qun, l : 1. Nam Hi ( Qung ng) 2. Thng Ng (Qung Ty) 3. Ut Lm (Qung Ty) 4. Hp Ph ( Qung ng ) 5. Giao Ch (vng Bc b) 6. Cu Chn (vng Thanh Ho - Ngh Tnh) 7. Nht Nam (t o Ngang n o Hi Vn) 8. Chu Nhai (o Hi Nam) 9. m Nh (o Hi Nam). b) Giai on t nm 43 n nm 544 + Nh ng Hn (43 220) : tip tc duy tr chnh quyn h 3 cp nh trc, nhng c mt s thay i: - Nm 203, triu nh i Chu Giao Ch thnh Giao Chu, ng u l quan Chu mc. - i vi huyn, thay cc vin Huyn lnh ngi Vit bng quan Huyn lnh ngi Hn. + Nh ng Ng, Ngy (220 265): c bn ging nh trc, nhng c giai on Giao Chu chia thnh 2 chu: Qung Chu v Giao Chu2. Lnh th nc ta gm 3 qun: Giao Ch, Cu Chn v Nht Nam trc thuc Giao Chu. + Nh Tn, Tng, T (265 502): c bn vn t chc theo chnh quyn 3 cp: chu qun huyn, ch yu ch c s thay i trong s phn chia cc qun, nh: - Nh Tn chia Giao Chu thnh 7 qun trong c 6 qun thuc lnh th ca nc ta. - Nh Tng chia Giao Chu lm 6 qun. - Nh T chia Giao Chu thnh 9 qun, trong c 7 qun thuc lnh th nc ta ngy nay. + Nh Lng (502 544): chia Giao Chu thnh 8 chu, trong c 6 chu thuc lnh th nc ta. c) Giai on t nm 603 n nm 938 + Nh Ty (603 618): chia nc ta thnh 6 qun t di s qun l trc tip ca triu nh. + Nh ng (618 905): thc hin chnh sch cai tr trn p bng v lc, tng cng qun s.2

Sau Qung Chu v Giao Chu li nhp li thnh Giao Chu nh trc.

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- Gi tn nc ta l An Nam h ph3, ng u l quan Tit s4. Nm 618 nh Tu mt nc; nh ng k nghip. n nm 62 vua Cao T nh ng sai Khu Ha lm i tng qun sang cai tr Giao Chu. Nh ng cai tr nc ta nghit ng. Nm K Mo (679) vua Cao Tng nh ng chia t Giao Chu ra lm 12 chu, 59 huyn v t An Nam h ph. Nc ta gi l An Nam khi u t y. GIAO CHU tc AN NAM H PH c 12 Chu 1. Giao Chu c 8 huyn (H Ni, Nam nh...). 2. Lc Chu c 3 huyn (Qung Yn, Lng Sn). 3. Phc Lc Chu c 3 huyn (Sn Ty). 4. Phong Chu c 3 huyn (Sn Ty). 5. Thang Chu c 3 huyn. 6. Trng Chu c 4 huyn. 7. Chi Chu c 7 huyn. 8. V Nga Chu c 7 huyn. 9. V An Chu c 2 huyn. 10. i Chu c 6 huyn (Thanh Ha) 11. Hoan Chu c 4 huyn (Ngh An) 12. Din Chu c 7 huyn ( Ngh An) - Di chia thnh cc chu, ng u l quan Th s. ( vng min ni cn t cc chu Ki mi). - Di chu l huyn, ng u l quan Huyn lnh. - Di huyn l hng, chia lm i hng v tiu hng. - Di hng l x, chia lm i x v tiu x. II. PHP LUT THI K H CA CHNH QUYN PHNG BC. (179 TCN 938) Cc quan h trong thi k ny c iu chnh ch yu bng lut tc ca ngi Vit v lut php ca phong kin Trung Hoa. + Php lut hnh s: trng tr cc ti phm ch yu nhm phc v li ch ca chnh quyn h. - Nhm ti chng chnh quyn h: trng tr thng tay nhng lnh t ngha qun v u b khp vo ti phn lon, hnh pht ph bin l t hnh hay lu. - Nhm ti phm lin quan n chc v : ti tham nhng, tham , nhn hi l, - Nhm ti v kinh t: ti mua bn, tng tr sn vt qu, mui, st, n t t nhn, + Php lut dn s : c 2 hnh thc s hu rung t: - S hu ti cao ca Hong Trung Quc.3 4

C giai on gi l An Nam tng qun ph, Trn Nam h ph. Ty theo tng giai on c tn gi khc, nh: Kinh lc s, Tng qun Kinh lc s,

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- S hu t nhn: cc ch s hu ch yu l nhng quan li v a ch ngi Hn. III. CHNH QUYN C LP T CH 1. Chnh quyn Hai B Trng (40 43) Hai B Trng xng Vng, ng M Linh. Vi mt thi gian c lp ngn ngi (40 - 43), Hai b Trng cha c iu kin xy dng mt b my chnh quyn vng chc. 2. Nh nc Vn Xun (544 602) Nm 544, L B ln ngi Vua, ly tn hiu l L Nam , t quc hiu l Vn Xun. T chc b my nh nc thi L Nam cn n gin. ng u l Hong , gip vic cho Hong c 2 Ban vn v v. 3. Chnh quyn h Khc: (905 930) Nm 905, Khc Tha D xa b b my cai tr ca chnh quyn h. Nm 907, Khc Tha D mt, con l Khc Ho ln thay. Khc Ho chia a phng thnh 5 cp hnh chnh: l ph chu gip x. X c x quan ng u gm mt Chnh lnh trng v mt T lnh trng. Mi gip c mt Qun gip ph trch chung v mt Ph tri gip trng nom vic thu thu. C nc lc by gi c tng cng 314 gip. 4. Chnh quyn Dng nh Ngh (931 937) Dng nh Ngh gi chc Tit s c 6 nm (931 - 937). Do vy v c bn, ng vn gi nguyn cc cp chnh quyn nh trc. CU HI N TP 1. Thng qua cch thc t chc b my nh nc, chnh quyn h thc hin chnh sch ng ha mt cch mnh m, hy phn tch nhn nh trn? 2. Hy chng minh rng: nh ng t chc c b my h hon ho nht trong thi k Bc thuc nc ta? 3. Trnh by t chc b my chnh quyn h nc ta t nm 179 TCN n nm 937? 4. Phn tch ngha ca chnh quyn t ch thi k Hai B Trng (40 43) 5. Phn tch ngha ca chnh quyn t ch thi k L Nam (544 603) BI 3 NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM GIAI ON NG INH TIN L (939 1009) A. MC CH, YU CU

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+ Trang b kin thc chung v Nh nc v Php lut giai on u tin ca thi k c lp t ch sau mi th k Bc thuc. y l thi k cc th lc phong kin chun b cc iu kin cho s pht trin lu di ca Nh nc phong kin sau ny. +Cn nm c 2 vn : - Cch thc t chc b my nh nc. - S xut hin ca vn bn php lut. B. TI LIU NGHIN CU Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, H Ni 2002, trang 77 100. Lch s cc nh ch chnh tr v php quyn Vit Nam, Phan ng Thanh Trng Th Ha, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1995, tp 1, trang 69 83. Lch s ch phong kin Vit Nam, Trn Quc Vng H Vn Tn, NXB Gio dc, H Ni 1960, tp 1, trang 213 261. C. NI DUNG C BN T CHC B MY NH NC y l giai on cng c nn c lp dn tc v bc u xc lp nh nc trung ng tp quyn 1. Nh Ng (939 965) + Nm 939 Ng Quyn xng Vng, ng C Loa. + t trm quan, ch nh triu nghi phm phc. + Chia c nc ra lm L Ph Chu Gip X. 2. Triu inh (968 980) a) T chc chnh quyn trung ng Nm 968, inh B Lnh ln ngi Hong , ly hiu i Thng Minh Hong , nin hiu Thi Bnh. Quc hiu i C Vit, ng Hoa L. + Quy nh quan vn, v trong triu: - nh quc cng: vin quan u triu, tng ng T tng sau ny. - h ph s s: trng coi vic hnh n, xt x. - Thp o tng qun: ng u 10 o qun trong c nc. - y: trng coi vic qun i. - Chi hu ni nhn: trng coi vic tun phng cung cm. - Tng thng: phong cho v s ng u Pht gio. - Tng lc: cng Tng thng trng coi vic Pht gio. - Sng chn uy nghi: phong cho o s trng coi o gio.

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b) T chc chnh quyn a phng Xut hin n v hnh chnh o. n v hnh chnh c s l x, ng u c mt Chnh lnh trng v gip vic l mt T lnh trng. 3. Tin L (980 1009) a) T chc chnh quyn trung ng Nm 980, Thi hu Dng Vn Nga cng tng s tn L Hon lm Vua, hiu L i Hnh. + Tin hnh t chc quan li: - i tng qun qun s: l vin quan u triu, ng u cc quan li khc. - Thi s: l quan i thn trong triu, c chc nng t vn cao cp cho nh vua. - Thi y: L quan v, di chc tng qun. - Nha ni ch huy s: cng l mt v quan v. b) T chc chnh quyn a phng L Hon i 10 o thi inh thnh cc cp L Ph Chu. Di chu l gip v cui cng l cp x. PHP LUT THI NG INH - TIN L + Tp qun php vn c xem l ngun lut c bn iu chinh cc quan h trong x hi. Tp tc, l lng c truyn c l vn cn c duy tr nhm iu chnh trong mt s lnh vc. + Php lut thnh vn tn ti - nm 1002 L i Hnh cho nh lut lnh. + Hnh pht mang tnh nhc hnh v ty tin, nh: b k phm ti vo vc du, cho h n tht, rc ma trn u nh s, NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM THI K L TRN H (1010 1407) MC CH, YU CU + y l giai on m u cho s hng thnh ca ch qun ch chuyn ch trung ng tp quyn trong lch s Vit Nam, c bit l trong cch thc t chc b my nh nc v hot ng ban hnh php lut. + Cn nm c cc vn sau: - T nhng thay i trong chnh tr, kinh t, vn ha, x hi n s cng c v pht trin nn qun ch trung ng tp quyn thi L Trn H. - S ra i v pht trin ca nhiu b lut, ch nh php lut trn c s chu nh hng ca php lut Trung Hoa v cc phong tc, tp qun ngi Vit.

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TI LIU NGHIN CU Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, NXB Cng an nhn dn, H Ni H Qu Ly, Nguyn Danh Phit, Vin s hc NXB Vn ha thng tin, H Ni 1997. Lch s cc nh ch chnh tr v php quyn Vit Nam, Phan ng Thanh Trng Th Ha, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1995, tp 1, trang 84 339. Lch s ch phong kin Vit Nam, Trn Quc Vng H Vn Tn, NXB Gio dc, H Ni 1960, tp 1, trang 262 476. Qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin php lut v s hu Vit Nam, Nguyn Huy Anh, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1998, trang 19 22. Th ch chnh tr, hnh chnh v php quyn trong ci cch H Qu Ly, Trng Th Ha, NXB Chnh tr quc gia, H Ni 1997. X hi nh L nhn di kha cnh php lut, Nguyn Hu Chu Phan, Sng Chnh Tng Th 1971. NI DUNG C BN I. B MY NH NC L TRN H y l giai on cng c v pht trin nh nc phong kin trung ng tp quyn. Nh L (1010 - 1225) : 1. L Thi T (1010 - 1028 ) 2. L Thi Tng ( 1028 - 1054) 3. L Thnh Tng (1054 - 1072) 4. L Nhn Tng ( 1072 - 1127) 5. L Thn Tng (1127 - 1138) 6. L Anh Tng ( 1138 - 1175) 7. L Cao Tng (1176 - 1210) 8. L Hu Tng (1211 - 1225) 9. L Chiu Hong (1225 ) 1. T chc B my Nh nc thi nh L a) T chc b my nh nc trung ng Giai on L - Trn H, hnh thc chnh th qun ch c tng cng cao hn trc. + ng u l Vua, nm trong tay ton b quyn lc: ban hnh php lut, thc thi php lut, gi quyn xt x ti cao; ng u qun i, ngoi giao, chnh sch thu,... + Quan i thn5: gm c5

Trong s cc quan i thn s chn ra mt ngi ng trn tt c cc quan li khc, vai tr ging nh T tng ca Trung Hoa. Ty theo tng giai on s c tn gi khc nhau, nh: Ph quc Thi y, Kim hiu Bnh chng s,

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* Tam thi: Thi s Thi ph Thi bo. * Tam thiu : Thiu s Thiu ph Thiu bo. * Thi y, Thiu y, Bnh chng s. + Cc c quan chuyn mn: * Hn lm vin: ng u l quan Hn lm hc s, chc nng son tho chiu, biu cho nh Vua. * Khu mt s: ng u l quan T s, gip vic c Hu s, chc nng cng nh Vua bn bc cng vic triu chnh thuc lnh vc dn s. * Quc t gim: ng u l quan T nghip, chc nng trng coi vic hc hnh, thi c v qun l Vn Miu. + Mt s cc chc quan khc: * Quan vn: nh T, Hu Gin ngh i phu; Vin ngoi lang; * Quan v: nh thng, Nguyn sy, i Tng, Thng tng, * Chc quan v o: Quc s, Tng thng, Tng lc,Tng chnh, b) T chc chnh quyn a phng + Chia c nc thnh 24 l v 2 tri (Hoan chu v i chu). ng u l l Thng phn, ng u tri l Ch tri. + vng ng bng, l c chia thnh ph, ng u ph c quan Tri ph, gip vic c quan Phn ph6. vng min ni, l c chia thnh cc chu, ng u c quan Tri chu. + n v hnh chnh cp c s l x, ng u l X trng. 2. T chc b my Nh nc triu Trn H Nh Trn ( 1225 1400 ) 1. Trn Thi Tng ( 1225 - 1258 ) 2. Trn Thnh Tng ( 1258 - 1278 ) 3. Trn Nhn Tng ( 1279 1293 ) 4. Trn Anh Tng ( 1293 1314 ) 5. Trn Minh Tng ( 1314 1329 ) 6. Trn Hin Tng ( 1329 1341 ) 7. Trn D Tng ( 1341 1369 8. Trn Ngh Tng ( 1370 - 1372) 9. Trn Du Tng ( 1372 1377 ) 10. Trn Ph ( 1377 1388 ) 11 Trn Thun Tng ( 1388 1398 ) 12. Trn Thiu ( 1398 1400 ) a) T chc b my Triu nh trung ng + Thi Thng Hong v Vua.

6

C ti liu gi l Phn ph.

14

+ Cc quan i thn7: * Tam thi: Thi s Thi ph Thi bo. * Tam thiu : Thiu s Thiu ph Thiu bo. * Tam t: T T m T khng. * Thi y, Thiu y v Phiu k tng qun. + Cc c quan chuyn mn: * Ng s i: ng u l quan Ng s i phu, chc nng kim tra hot ng ca i ng quan li trong b my nh nc, gm 3 vin nh: i vin St vin in vin. * Tn nhn ph: do quan i tn chnh ng u, c chc nng son gia ph cho nh Vua. * Ging ng v: ni o to v quan. * T thin gim: ph trch vic lm lch, thin vn thi tit. + Cc Vin: * Thm hnh vin: l c quan xt x cao nht. * Tam ty vin: coi vic hnh ngc, giam gi phm nhn. * Quc hc vin: cng vi Quc t gim chuyn o to s t. * Khu mt vin: tham gia bn bc chnh s v qun l cm v qun. * ng vn vin8: xem xt, phng ch tra hi i vi nhng ti nhn c mc n nng nht. * Quc s vin: c chc nng chp s cho triu nh. b) T chc chnh quyn a phng + Giai on t nm 1226 n 1396: - Chia c nc thnh 12 l, ng u l quan An ph chnh s, gip vic c quan An ph ph s. - min ng bng, l chia ra thnh ph, ng u l quan Tri ph. min ni, l chia thnh chu, ng u l quan Chuyn vn s9. - Di ph, chu l x, ng u l Chnh s gim, gip vic c cc quan X s, X gim. + Giai on t nm 1397 n 1400: - Chia c nc thnh cc l, ng u l quan An ph s, gip vic c quan An ph ph s. - Di l l ph, ng u l quan Trn ph s, gip vic c quan Trn Ph ph s.7

Cng la chn mt vin quan trong s quan i thn ng u hng quan li, ging nh thi nh L. 8 Sau i thnh inh y vin. 9 Sau i thnh Thng phn.

15

- Di ph l chu, ng u l Thng phn, gip vic c quan Thim phn. min ni gi l chu Ki Mi do cc tc trng, t trng ng u. - Di chu l huyn, ng u l quan Lnh y, gip vic c quan Ch b. - Di huyn l x, ng u l quan Chnh s gim. II. PHP LUT 1.Hot ng ban hnh php lut + B lut: Nh L ban hnh B Hnh th (1042). Nh Trn ban hnh: Quc triu thng ch10(1230); Quc triu thng l11 (1230); Hong triu Ngc ip (1267); Cng vn cch thc (1290); Hong triu i in (1341); Hnh lut th (1341). + Cc vn bn php lut n hnh. 2.Mt s ni dung php lut c bn a) Php lut hnh s + Cc nguyn tc: * Mi vi phm php lut u b trng tr bng hnh pht. * Chuc ti bng tin. * Truy cu trch nhim hnh s lin i. + Hnh pht: * Ng hnh: xuy, trng, , lu v t. * Hnh pht khc : - C tnh nhc hnh: cht chn, tay; thch ch vo mt, vo tay; bt v con ngi phm ti lm n t; - Lin quan n ti sn : pht tin, tch thu ti sn; - Lin quan n chc v : ging cp, bi chc i vi quan li; + Mt s ti phm c th: * Ti thp c: ti mu phn; ti mu bn; ti mu i nghch; ti c nghch; ti bt o; ti i bt knh; ti bt hiu; ti bt mc; ti bt ngha; ti ni lon. * Cc nhm ti phm khc: Lin quan n trt t nh nc. Lin quan n tnh mng, sc khe, ti sn v nhn phm ca ngi dn. b) Php lut dn s10 11

Cn c gi l Quc triu hnh lut. Cn c gi l Kin Trung thng l.

16

+ Ch nh quyn s hu: ch yu l s hu rung t, gm: * Rung t ca nh Vua rung quc kh; * Rung t phong cho qu tc, nh cha; * Rung t cng ca nhn dn lng x; * Rung t t hu. + Ch nh hp ng kh c: * Kh c on mi hp ng mua t bn on; * Kh c in mi hp ng mua bn tm. CU HI N TP 1. Trnh by t chc b my thi L (1010 1225)? 2. Trnh by t chc b my thi Trn - H (1226 1407)? 3. Trnh by t chc chnh quyn a phng thi L Trn H (1010 1407)? 4. Phn tch nhng c im trong t chc b my nh nc thi L Trn H (1010 1407)? 5. Phn tch cc ni dung c bn ca php lut hnh s? 6. Phn tch cc ni dung c bn ca php lut dn s? 7. Hy nu quan im i vi nhn nh sau: php lut L Trn H c lc th hin tnh nhn o v bn cht x hi rt cao nhng c lc t ra h khc, d man? 8. T tng pht gio c nh hng nh th no i vi php lut thi k L Trn H?

BI 4: NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM THI K NH L (1428 1527) MC CH, YU CU Mc ch: y l thi k tip tc cng c v pht trin ch phong kin trung ng tp quyn, cng vi s pht trin rc r ca h thng php lut phong kin Vit Nam v mi mt. Ch r nhng u vit v nhng hn ch ca php lut phong kin, lm c s cho vic tip thu mt cch c chn lc nhng tinh hoa ca h thng php lut ny. - Cn phi nm c 2 vn c bn sau:17

Nhng thay i, ci cch v xu hng pht trin ca b my nh nc phong kin. Nhng thnh tu ca hot ng xy dng php lut t th k XV n th k XVIII. Ni dung c bn ca Quc triu hnh lut v Quc triu khm tng iu l. TI LIU NGHIN CU Ch s hu rung t v kinh t nng nghip thi L S th k XV, Phan Huy L, NXB Vn S a, 1959. Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, NXB CAND, H Ni 2002, trang 151 - 204. H t tng L, Nguyn Duy Hinh, Tp ch nghin cu lch s s 6/1996. L triu quan ch, Vin s hc, NXB Vn ha thng tin, H Ni 1997. Mt s suy ngh v Quc triu Hnh lut, Trn Trng Hu, Tp ch nh nc v php lut s 4/1992. Mt s vn bn php lut Vit Nam t th k XV n XVIII, Vin nh nc v php lut, NXB Khoa hc x hi, H Ni 1994. Quc triu Hnh lut, NXB Tp. HCM 2003. S sng to ca hot ng lp php thi L th k XV qua vic quy nh hnh pht, Phm Th Ngc Huyn, Tp ch khoa hc php l Trng H Lut Tp.HCM s 1/2001. Tnh nhn vn ca php lut nh L th k XV (1428 1497), Phm Th Ngc Huyn, c san khoa hc php l Trng H Lut Tp.HCM s 2/2000. NI DUNG C BN I. B MY NH NC THI L S (1428 1527) 1. L Thi T (1428-1433 ) : 2. L Thi Tng (1434-1442): . 3. L Nhn Tng (1443-1459): 4. L Nghi Dn (1459-1460) : 5. L Thnh Tng (1460-1497): 6. L Hin Tng (1497-1504): . 7. L Tc Tng (1504) : 8. L Uy Mc (1505-1509. 9. L Tng Dc (1510-1516): 10. L Chiu Tng (1516-1522) : . 11. L Cung Hong (1522-1527 1. T chc chnh quyn trung ng18

a) Thi k u L S (1428 1460) + Vua: ch trng xy dng nh nc phong kin chnh th qun ch trung ng tp quyn trn nn tng nguyn tc tn qun quyn ca Nho gio. + Quan i thn: gm - T, Hu Tng quc; - i Hnh Khin; - Tam T: T , T m, T khng; - Tam Thi: Thi s, Thi ph, Thi bo; - Tam Thiu: Thiu s, Thiu ph, Thiu bo. + C quan gip vic nh Vua - chc nng vn phng: - Thng Th Tnh: ng u Thng Th Lnh; chc nng lin lc vi cc Thng Th cc B. - Mn H Tnh: ng u Tri T S; chc nng gi n tn ca nh Vua, chuyn lnh Vua xung cc quan. - Trung Th Tnh: ng u Trung Th Lnh; chc nng a li khuyn, kin cho Vua trong cc vic quan trng ca triu nh. - Ni Th Tnh: ng u Tri; chc nng trng nom, qun c cng vic trong cung. - Hn Lm Vin: ng u Hn Lm in Hc S; chc nng son tho chiu biu (ch, co, chiu ch) cho nh Vua. - B Th Gim: ng u B Th Gim Hc S; chc nng trng coi th vin ca nh Vua. + Cc B: - B Li: ng u Thng Th v ph l T, Hu Th Lang; chc nng qun l ton b i ng quan li trong c nc. - B L: ng u Thng Th v ph l T, Hu Th Lang; chc nng ph trch l nghi, t t, l gio phong kin. - Ng tin tam cuc: bao gm Cn Th, Chi Hu v Hc S; chc nng l c quan trng coi v vic binh ca nh Vua nh th B Binh. + C quan chuyn mn gip vic nh Vua: - Chnh S Vin: ng u Chnh S Vin Thng Th; chc nng gip Vua xem xt cc cng vic quan trng. - Ni Mt Vin: ng u Ni Mt Vin Chnh S; chc nng gip Vua bn bc cng vic c mt trong triu. - Quc S Vin: ng u Tu son; chc nng chp s ca triu nh. - Quc T Gim: ng u T Tu; chc nng o to nho s v trng coi Vn Miu.19

- Thi S Vin: ng u Thi S Lnh; chc nng trng coi, sp xp cc bi v trong vic cng t. - Ng S i: ng u Ng S i Phu; chc nng gim st quan li, gim st vic thi hnh php lut. - nh y Ty: ng u nh y, chc nng tra hi nhng n h trng m c iu nghi ng. - Ng Hnh Vin: nhim v trng coi hnh n, gm 5 vin: Thm Hnh, T Hnh, Hu Hnh, Tng Hnh v T Hnh. b) T sau ci cch L Thnh Tng (1460 1527) + Vua: ch trng xy dng nh nc phong kin chnh th qun ch trung ng tp quyn cao , trn nguyn tc: - Tng cng quyn lc ca nh Vua; - Hn ch quyn lc i vi cc c quan, quan li - T chc c ch kim tra, gim st hot ng ln nhau gia cc c quan. + Quan i thn gm : - Tam Thi: Thi s, Thi ph, Thi bo (Chnh nht phm); - Tam Thiu: Thiu s, Thiu ph, Thiu bo (Chnh nh phm). - Thi y, Thiu y. + C quan gip vic nh Vua - chc nng vn phng: - Hn lm vin: ng u l quan Tha ch (Chnh t phm); chc nng phng mnh Vua khi tho mt s loi vn th (biu, chiu, ch,). - ng cc vin: ng u l quan ng cc i hc s (Tng t phm); chc nng ch yu l sa cha cc vn bn do Hn Lm Vin son tho. - Trung th gim: ng u l quan Trung th gim x nhn (Chnh lc phm); chc nng ph trch bin chp d tho vn bn chnh thc trnh ln Vua ban hnh. - Hong mn tnh: ng u l quan Hong mn th lang (Tng tam phm); chc nng: gi n ca nh Vua. - B th gim: ng u l quan B th gim hc s (Tng ng phm); chc nng trng coi th vin ca Vua. + Lc B : l nhng c quan qun l trong mt ngnh, lnh vc nht nh; ng u mi B l quan Thng th (Tng nh phm), di c quan T, Hu Th lang (Tng tam phm) gip vic. - Mi B c t chc thnh : * Thanh li ty c quan ph trch cng vic chuyn mn: ng u l quan Lang trung (Chnh lc phm), di c quan Ngoi lang (Tng lc phm) gip vic.20

* T v snh c quan ph trch cng vic vn phng: ng u l quan T v (Tng bt phm). + Gm c Lc B, c th: - B L: chc nng thc hin l gio phong kin; gm 190 ngi v Nghi tit Thanh li ty12. - B Li: chc nng qun l ton b i ng quan li trong c nc; gm 80 ngi v Thuyn kho Thanh li ty. - B H: chc nng qun l rung t, t thu, kho, nhn khu, lng ca quan li v qun lnh trong c nc; gm 100 ngi v 2 Thanh li ty: chi v Bn tch Thanh li ty. - B Hnh: chc nng trng coi hnh php, xt x v ngc tng; gm 190 ngi v 4 Thanh li ty: Thanh hnh, Thn hnh, Minh hnh v Tng hnh Thanh li ty. - B Cng: chc nng trng coi cng vic xy dng cung in, ng x, cu cng, v qun l cng xng, th thuyn ca Vua; gm 190 ngi v 2 Thanh li ty: Doanh thin v Cng trnh Thanh li ty. - B Binh: chc nng qun l v qun s; gm 130 ngi v 2 Thanh li ty: V kh v Qun v Thanh li ty. + Lc Khoa: l c quan ph trch gim st, kim sot hot ng ca Lc B; ng u mi Khoa l quan cp s trung (Chnh tht phm), di c quan Cp s trung (Chnh bt phm) gip vic. C th: - L Khoa gim st B L; - Li Khoa gim st B Li; - H Khoa gim st B H; - Cng Khoa gim st B Cng; - Hnh Khoa gim st B Hnh; - Binh Khoa gim st B Binh. + Lc T: l nhng c quan c chc nng trng coi nhng cng vic m Lc B khng qun l ht c; ng u mi T l quan T khanh (Chnh ng phm), di c quan Thiu khanh (Chnh lc phm) gip vic. C th: - i l t: xem xt li nhng n nng x, ri gi kt qu qua B Hnh tu ln xin quyt nh nh Vua. - Thi bc t: trng nom xe, nga ca Vua v Hong tc. - Thi thng t: thi hnh th thc l nghi, m nhc v trng coi n th th a. - Quang lc t: cung cp, kim tra n ung trong cc bui t l, yn tic triu nh.12

Nghi tit Thanh li ty: theo L triu quan ch, tr.31; nu theo Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam l Nghi ch Thanh li ty.

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- Hng l t: t chc cc bui xng danh cho tn khoa Tin s; lo nghi l n khch qu ca Vua; ph trch an tng quan to trong triu. - Thng bo t: gi vic ng n vo quyn thi ca th sinh trong k thi Hi. + C quan chuyn mn gip vic nh Vua: - Ng s i: chc nng kim sot i ng quan li, gim st vic thc hin php lut; ng u l quan ng s (Chnh tam phm), di l quan Ph ng s (Chnh t phm). - Tn nhn ph: ph trch cng vic bin chp gia ph ca Hong tc, tin c ngi trong Hong tc cho B Li, xt x kin tng trong tn tht; ng u l quan Tn nhn lnh (Chnh tam phm), di c quan T, Hu Tn chnh (Tng tam phm) gip vic. - Thng chnh ty: ph trch chuyn t cng vn, ch d ca Vua xung dn v ngc li; ng u l quan Thng chnh s (Tng t phm). - Quc t gim: ph trch gio dc v o to s t trong c nc, trng coi Vn Miu; ng u l quan T tu (Tng t phm), di c quan T nghip (Tng ng phm) gip vic. - Thi y vin: ph trch chm sc sc khe ca nh Vua v quan li, qun l y dc trong c nc; ng u l quan i s (Chnh ng phm), di c quan Vin s (Tng ng phm) gip vic. - T thin gim: chc nng lm lch, d bo thi tit, d bo vic lnh d tu ln nh Vua; ng u l quan T thin lnh (Chnh lc phm), di c quan im th (Tng lc phm) gip vic. - Quc s vin: chc nng ghi chp v bin son s ca Vng triu; ng u l quan Tu son (Chnh bt phm), di c quan Bin lc (Tng bt phm) gip vic.n v hnh chnh a phng quan ng u Hnh khin

2. T chc chnh quyn a phng a) Thi k u L S (1428 1460) oL Ph - Trn

Tri Ph Trn Ph

Chu

Tri Chu (Thim phn)

Huyn

Tun st (Chuyn vn s)

X Ch thch: cp trn v cp di lnh o

X quan 22

b) Thi k L Thnh Tng (1460 1527)Tha ty Ph Trung o - X Tam Ty ty Ph Don (Chnh ng phm) Ph Tha chnh s (Tng tam phm) Tng binh s (Chnh t phm) Hin st (Chnh lc phm)

Hin ty

Tri Ph (Tng lc phm)

Huyn - Chu X Ch thch: cp trn v cp di lnh o

Tri Huyn Tri Chu (Tng tht phm) X quan

3. Ch quan li + Tc v: t giai on Vua L Thnh Tng, tc v c chia lm 3 loi c bn13: - Tc: gm 6 bc chnh Vng, Cng, Hu, B, T v Nam; phong di 2 dng l truy phong v l m phong. - Phm: theo ch cu phm, mi phm chia thnh Chnh v Tng. C th phm chia lm 18 bc t Chnh nht phm n Tng cu phm. - T: chia lm 24 t, c th: * Quc Cng, Qun Cng, Hu, B, T v Nam tng ng 6 bc t 24 t xung 19 t; * Vi 18 bc t Chnh nht phm n Tng cu phm tng ng 18 bc t 18 t xung 1 t;13

Tc v c quy nh trong Hong triu quan ch 1471

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* Dn thng v t. + Quyn li vt cht: bao gm 2 loi ch yu l lng bng v rung t c ban cp. Nm 147414 Vua L Thnh Tng nh l qun in v lc in xc nh r li bng lc ca cc quan li. - Lc in: l cch thc ban cp rung t cho tng lp qu tc, quan li t hm t phm tr ln lm bng lc. - Qun in: l cch phn phi rung t cng lng x da vo th bc trong x hi, p dng cho quan li t hm ng phm15 tr xung cho n + Tuyn dng: theo cc hnh thc sau - Nh Vua b nhim tn tht v cc cng thn lm quan; - Quan li tin c ngi hin ti lm quan bo c; - Tin c con chu quan li lm quan m sung; - Khuyn khch ngi hin ti t tin c mnh lm quan16; - Tuyn dng nhng ngi thi trong thi c lm quan khoa c. + Kho hch: l hnh thc nh gi kh nng ca quan li nhm thng ging chc cho tng xng, theo 2 hnh thc: - S kho: 3 nm mt ln, tin hnh st hch chuyn mn v t cch thanh lim, cn mn. - Thng kho: 9 nm mt ln, Ban Ch kho s xem xt li tt c cng vic v t cch ca quan li, a ra nhn xt ri trnh ln nh Vua, B Li v Ng s i quyt nh. II. PHP LUT 1. Hot ng xy dng php lut + Tnh hnh php lut t th k XV n XVIII + Thnh tu ca hot ng xy dng php lut + Cc vn bn l sn phm ca hot ng php in ha v tp hp ha php lut: - Quc triu hnh lut. - Quc triu khm tng iu l. - Thin nam d h tp. - Hng c thin chnh th. - Quc triu th kh th thc. - Quc triu chiu lnh thin chnh. - L Triu hi in.14 15

n nm 1477 L Thnh Tng nh r li l bng lc cho quan trong ngoi. Nu quan hm tam phm, t phm no in lc cn t, th cng c ban cp theo lc in. 16 c p dng vo thi Vua L Thi T

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2. Quc Triu Hnh Lut A) B cc ca Quc triu Hnh lut B) Ni dung ch yu ca Quc triu Hnh lut 1. Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut hnh s + Nhng nguyn tc c bn: - Nguyn tc v lut bt hnh. - Nguyn tc chuc ti bng tin. - Nguyn tc v trch nhim hnh s. + Ti phm : - Quan im v ti phm. - Cc nhm ti phm c th: * Ti thp c. * Nhm ti xm phm an ton v tnh mng, sc khe v quyn lc ca nh Vua. * Nhm ti xm phm an ninh quc gia, trt t an ton ch x hi phong kin. * Nhm ti xm phm trt t cng cng, trt t qun l nh nc phong kin. * Nhm ti xm phm tnh mng, sc khe con ngi. + Hnh pht: - Quan im v hnh pht. - Cc loi hnh pht: * Ng hnh. * Nhng hnh pht ngoi ng hnh. 2. Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut hn nhn gia nh + Mt s ch nh c bn trong lnh vc hn nhn gia nh. - Ch nh kt hn. - Ch nh ly hn. - Ch nh quan h nhn thn gia v v chng. - Ch nh quan h nhn thn gia cha m v con ci. - Ch nh quan h nhn thn gia cc thn thuc khc. 3. Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc dn s + Quy nh lin quan n s hu: - Cc hnh thc s hu rung t. - Nhng quy nh v s dng v bo v rung t cng. - Nhng quy nh bo v rung t t v cc loi v rung t. + Cc loi hp ng v rung t: - Hp ng mua bn rung t. - Hp ng cm c rung t. - Hp ng thu rung t.25

+ Cc quy nh v tha k: - Tha k theo di chc. - Tha k khng c di chc (tha k theo php lut). 4. Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut t tng + Thm quyn, thi hn v trnh t t tng ca cc cp chnh quyn a phng. + Mt s th tc t tng: - Th tc n kin, n t co. - Th tc tra kho. - Th tc x n. - Th tc bt ngi. - Th tc giam gi, thi hnh n. Nhn xt : nhng nt c sc ca Quc Triu Hnh lut + Tnh nhn vn: - Php lut bo v quyn con ngi. - Php lut bo v li ch ca thn dn trm h, bo v li ch ca cng ng, trt t tr an, pht trin sn xut. + Tnh dn tc: + Th hin phng php lm lut: nhng quy nh ca php lut khng ging, hoc khng c trong php lut phong kin Trung Hoa, c th: - V hnh thc. - V ni dung. + Php lut phn nh nhng iu kin kinh t chnh tr x hi i Vit th k XV. CU HI N TP 1. Trnh by t chc v chc nng ca cc c quan t php v gim st thi k nh L (1428 1527)? 2. Trnh by nhng ci t trong b my nh nc thi k Vua L Thnh Tng (1460 1527)? 3. Trnh by cch thc t chc b my nh nc trung ng thi k u L S (1428 1459)? 4. Trnh by cch thc t chc b my nh nc trung ng thi k nh L (1428 1527)? 5. So snh b my nh nc trung ng thi k nh Trn (1226 1400) vi nh L (1428 1527)? 6. Trnh by qu trnh ci t chnh quyn a phng thi k Vua L Thnh Tng (1460 1527)?26

7. Hy lm sng t i vi nguyn tc bo m s tp trung quyn lc ca nh Vua v khng tp trung qu nhiu quyn hnh vo mt c quan trong cch thc t chc b my nh L (1428 1527)? 8. Trnh by ch nh hnh pht v cc nguyn tc ca ch trng tr trong php lut hnh s thi k nh L (1428-1527)? 9. Trnh by ch nh v mt s loi ti phm c th ca php lut hnh s nh L (1428-1527)? 10. Trnh by ch nh hp ng trong php lut dn s thi k nh L (1428-1527)? 11. Trnh by ch nh tha k trong php lut dn s thi k nh L (1428-1527)? 12. Trnh by ch nh kt hn trong php lut hn nhn gia nh thi k nh L (1428-1527)? 13. Trnh by ch nh chm dt hn nhn v ch nh mi quan h nhn thn trong gia nh thi k nh L (1428-1527)? 14. Trnh by ch nh quan h ti sn gia v v chng, gia cha m v cc con trong php lut thi k nh L (1428-1527)?

Bi 5 NH NC V PHP LUT PHONG KIN VIT NAM THI K NI CHIN PHN LIT TH K XVI XVIII MC CH, YU CU Gip thy c cch thc phn chia quyn lc, t chc b my nh nc gia Vua L v Cha Trnh ng trong v Cha Nguyn ng ngoi, phn nh thc trng x hi th k XVI XVIII. Cn nm c cc vn sau: T chc b my nh nc ng trong - ng ngoi. S sng to c o th hin qua Quc triu khm tng iu l, c bit trong lnh vc php lut t tng TI LIU NGHIN CU Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, NXB CAND, H Ni 2002, trang 205 242; 306 318.27

C lut Vit Nam lc kho, V Vn Mu, Si Gn 1970, Quyn 2, trang 501 - 545. Mt s vn bn php lut Vit Nam t th k XV n XVIII, Vin nh nc v php lut, NXB Khoa hc x hi, H Ni 1994. Php ch s, V Quc Thng, T sch H Si Gn 1972. NI DUNG C BN T CHC B MY NH NC T chc b my nh nc ng ngoi a. T chc chnh quyn trung ng + Vua v Cha + Cc chc quan v c quan gip vic cho Vua L: - Mt s chc quan: Tam thi ( Thi s, Thi ph, Thi bo); Tam thiu ( Thiu s, Thiu ph, Thiu bo.) Tam t ( T , T m, T khng ). - Thi y, Thiu y, - Hn lm vin; ng cc vin;Trung th gim; - Lc B; + Cc c quan lm vic trong Ph cha: + Ng ph Ph liu: - Quan vn: ng u l quan Tham tng, gip vic c quan Bi Tng. Hai chc quan ny c gi l quan Ph liu. - Quan v: Cha Trnh chia ra 5 ph. ng u mi ph c quan T, Hu c. X - Trn Tam Ty + Lc phin: gm Li Phin B Phin H Phin chnh Phin Hnh Phin Tha Binh Tha ty Cng Phin. ng u mi phin l quan Tri phin (tng nh phm) v gip vic c s quan Ph Tri phin (tng tam phm) u do Vua L b nhim. - T chc mi phin c 3 loi c quan ch yu sau: c quan vn phng ph ty Trn th trch cng vic giy t; c quan ph trch ti chnh v c quan ph trch cng vic chnh ca Phin . Hin ty Hin st b. T chc chnh quyn a phngPh

Tri Ph Tri Huyn Tri Chu X trng

Huyn - Chu X

Ch thch: cp trn v cp di lnh o

28

T chc chnh quyn Cha Nguyn ng trong a) Giai on t 1600 1744 + T chc b my Nh nc trung ng: - Cha Nguyn l ngi ng u b my nh nc chnh dinh v t ra tam ty Chnh dinh, gm: * Ty x sai: ng u l quan tri, gip vic c quan K lc. * Ty tng thn: ng u l quan Cai b. * Ty lnh s: c quan Nha y ng u. - Bn chc quan mi lm t tr i thn, gm ni t, ngoi t, ni hu, ngoi hu. + T chc chnh quyn a phng c 4 cp : Dinh - Ph - Huyn - X. b) Giai on 1744 1777 + T chc chnh quyn trung ng: - Cha Nguyn ng u b my Nh nc. * Quan t tr i thn. * B: ng u l quan Thng th, ph chc l quan T, Hu Th lang. Gm c 6 B: B Li, B H, B Binh, B Hnh, B Cng, B L. + T chc chnh quyn a phng:

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Dinh - Trn

c Trn th

Ph

Tun ph

Huyn

Tri huyn

X

X quan

Ch thch: cp trn v cp di lnh o

III. PHP LUT 1. Hot ng xy dng php lut th k XVI - XVIII 2. Quc Triu Khm Tng iu L - Hnh thc ca Quc Triu Khm Tng iu L: V nm ban hnh ca B lut. V b cc ca B lut. - Ni dung ch yu ca Quc Triu Khm Tng iu L: Thm quyn t tng ca cc cp chnh quyn: Ph, Huyn. Tha ty, Hin ty. Cc c quan kinh : Ng s i, Lc Phin Lc B, Ph Cha, Ph tn nhn. Mt s th tc trong t tng. Th l vic kin; Thi hn xt x; Cch thc x n. S kim sot cng vic xt x ca cc cp. A. CU HI N TP

30

1. So snh t chc b my nh nc triu nh Vua L vi Ph Cha Cha Trnh giai on th k XVI XVIII? 2. Trnh by t chc b my nh nc ca Cha Nguyn ng trong (1600 1777)? 3. Nu v phn tch thm quyn gii quyt cc v n quy nh trong Quc triu khm tng iu l? 4. Hy trnh by nhng ni dung c bn v th tc gii quyt cc v vic theo quy nh trong Quc triu khm tng iu l? 5. Phn tch c ch kim sot hot ng xt x c quy nh trong Quc triu khm tng iu l? 6. Hy chng minh rng Quc triu khm tng iu l l mt hin tng php l c o trong lch s php lut phong kin Vit Nam?

BI 6 NH NC V PHP LUT VIT NAM THI K NH NGUYN (1802 1884) MC CH, YU CU Gip thy c y l thi k pht trin cao ca ch qun ch trung ng tp quyn giai on nh Nguyn hng thnh Vit Nam. Cn nm c cc vn sau:

31

S pht trin trong t chc b my nh nc trung ng v chnh quyn a phng triu Nguyn. Nhng c im, ni dung c bn ca php lut nh Nguyn, c bit c th hin thng qua B Hong Vit Lut L. A. TI LIU NGHIN CU Gio trnh Lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam, H Lut H Ni, NXB CAND, H Ni 2002, trang 319 482. T chc b my nh nc ca triu Nguyn, Bang, NXB Thun Ha 1997. T chc c quan trung ng thi Nguyn S (1892 1847), Nguyn S Hi, NXB Si Gn 1962. C lut Vit Nam v t php s din ging, V Vn Mu, Si Gn 1975, Quyn th 2. C lut Vit Nam lc kho, V Vn Mu, Si Gn 1970, Quyn th 1, 2. B. NI DUNG C BN I. B MY NH NC THI NGUYN (1802 1884) 1. T chc chnh quyn trung ng + Vua : triu Nguyn thc hin ch tp quyn c tn cao , hn ch s phn chia quyn lc. - Nm gi tuyt i quyn lp php, hnh php v t php; qun i, thu, ngoi giao, - Hong thn khng c Vua giao nhim v khng c can d triu chnh. - t l t bt ngha l: khng lp Hong Hu, T tng, Thi T v Trng Nguyn. - Hn ch ti a vic phong tc v cao cho thn tc, quan li. - Hn ch quyn hnh thi gim, hu thn trong cung. + Hi ng nh thn17: c nh gi l hnh thc tp trung dn ch trong khun kh ch qun ch truyn thng. + Quan i thn: gm - T tr triu nh: * Cn Chnh in i hc s; * Vn Minh in i hc s; * V Hin in i hc s; * ng Cc i hc s. - Ph chnh i thn. + Cu khanh:17

T sau ci cch Minh Mnh i tn thnh Hi ngh triu thn.

32

* Thng th Lc B; Ng s; i l t khanh; Thng chnh s. + Ni cc18: c quan vn phng ca nh Vua, gm: * Thng Bu To; K Ch To; Th To; Biu B To. + C mt vin : chc nng t vn ti cao qun s; son tho cng vn quan trng vn mnh triu nh;. Chia thnh: Nam chng kinh v Bc chng kinh, do cc quan C mt i thn v C mt hnh tu qun l. + Lc B: gm 6 b, ng u mi b l quan Thng th (Chnh nh phm), di c quan T, Hu Tham tri (Tng nh phm) v T, Hu Th lang (Chnh tam phm) gip vic. Mi b t chc thnh : * n ty Trc x; * Thanh li ty. + B Li: chc nng qun l ton b i ng quan li trong c nc; cc Thanh li ty gm: - Kim bin ty; Vn tuyn ty; - Trng t ty; Phong in ty. + B H: ph trch thu thu, kho tng, inh in, tin t, thu chi ngn kh,; cc Thanh li ty gm: - Kinh trc ty; Lng c ty; Nam k ty; - Bc k ty; Thng lc ty; Thu hng ty. + B L: ph trch l nghi, triu hi, khoa c, ngoi giao,; cc Thanh li ty gm: Nghi vn ty; Nhn t ty; Tn hng ty;Th ng ty. + B Binh: chc nng tuyn lnh, qun l v qun s; cc Thanh li ty gm: - Kinh k ty; Trc tnh ty; V tuyn ty;Kho cng ty; Kim duyt ty. + B Hnh: chc nng trng coi hnh php, xt x v ngc tng; cc Thanh li ty gm: - Kinh chng ty; Trc c ty; - Nam him ty; Bc him ty. |+ B Cng: ph trch cng trnh, th thuyn, ng x, lng tm, cc Thanh li ty gm: Quy ch ty; Doanh thin ty; Tu to ty. + B Hnh l c quan t php v gim st c Tam php ty bao gm - i l t: nhim v phc thm n, n t hnh hon quyt; n tham hi l, bc hip dn,; ng u l quan i l t khanh (Chnh tam phm). - st vin: gi nhim v gim st hnh chnh v t php; t chc: * T, Hu ng s (Chnh nh phm); * T, Hu ph ng s (Tng nh phm); * Cp s trung (Chnh ng phm);18

Thi Vua Gia Long gi l Tam ni vin; nm 1820 Vua Minh Mnh i thnh Vn th phng; nm 1829 i thnh Ni cc.

33

* Gim st ng s (Chnh ng phm). + C quan gip vic nh Vua, Hong tc: - Tn nhn ph: ph trch gii quyt cc vn lin quan n hong tc; ng u l quan Tn nhn lnh (Cc phm), di c quan T, Hu Tn chnh (Chnh nht phm) gip vic. - Thi y vin: gi nhim v chm sc sc khe cho nh Vua, hong tc v quan li; ng u l quan Vin s (Chnh t phm). - Thi bc t: ph trch nghi v, xe nga trong hong cung; ng u l quan T khanh (Tng tam phm). - Hn lm vin: ph trch son tho chiu, sc, ch, co ca Vua; biu ca quan li; vn th ngoi giao, vn bia,; ng u l quan Chng vin hc s (Chnh tam phm). + Cc c quan chuyn mn khc (giao thng, vn chuyn, qun l kho bi) - Ty to chnh: ph trch vn chuyn hng ha, lng thc, kh gii, qun gii bng ng bin; ng u l quan Chnh s (t hm Chnh nh phm tr ln). - Ty bu chnh: ph trch vn chuyn cng vn, a n quan li; ng u l quan Ch s (Chnh lc phm). - Ty thng chnh: ph trch tip nhn, phn loi v thuyn chuyn cng vn, giy t; ng u l quan Thng chnh s (Chnh tam phm). - Ni v ph: ph trch gi kho ca nh Vua; ng u l quan Th lang (Chnh tam phm). - Thng trng: ph trch thc, go, tin ca Vua; ng u l quan Th lang (Chnh tam phm). - V kh: ph trch gi kho qun kh; ng u l quan Th lang (Chnh tam phm). - Mc thng: ph trch gi kho g kinh thnh; ng u l quan Lang trung (Chnh t phm). + C quan vn ha gio dc - Quc s qun: ph trch bin chp s sch triu Nguyn; ng u l quan Tng i (Cc phm). - Quc t gim: ph trch gio dc trong c nc; ng u l quan T tu (Chnh t phm), di c quan Tu nghip (Tng t phm) gip vic. - Khm thin gim: gi nhim v lm lch, d bo thin vn, kh hu,; ng u l quan Gim chnh (Chnh ng phm). - Vin tp hin: ph trch ging dy o tr nc cho Vua, quan; ng u l quan Ging quan (mang hm nht hay nh phm). - Thng bo t: ph trch ng n quyn thi Hi; ng u l quan Thng bo khanh (Chnh tam phm).34

- Hng l t: ph trch xng danh tn khoa tin s thi nh, ng u l quan Hng l khanh (Chnh t phm). + C quan ph trch l nghi. - Thi thng t: c trch v i l ca nh nc, ng u l quan T khanh (Chnh tam phm). - Quang lc t: ph trch kim tra l vt, c bn t l; ng u l quan Ch s (Chnh lc phm). 2. T chc chnh quyn a phng a) Giai on u thi Nguyn (1802 1830)Triu nh TW

Bc Thnh

Gia nh Thnh

Thnh

Tng Trn

Trn

Trn - Dinh

Trn

Trn

Trn Th

Ph Huyn - Chu Ch thch: Cp trn v cp di Lnh o Triu nh TW

Tri Ph Tri Huyn Tri Chu

Tnh

Lin Tnh Tnh

Tng c Tun Ph

b) Giai on t sau ci cch nm 1831-1832

Ph

Tri Ph

II. PHP LUT THI NGUYN (1802 1884) Huyn - Chu Tri Huyn Tri Chu 1. Hot ng ban hnh php lut + B lut : in hnh l B Hong Vit Lut L. + Hi in: in hnh l B Khm nh i Nam Hi in s l. Tng Cai Tng 2. Mt s ni dung c bn ca B Hong Vit Lut L X L Trng a) Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut hnh sCh thch: Cp trn v cp di Lnh o 35

+ Nguyn tc c bn: - Nguyn tc v lut bt hnh; - Nguyn tc chiu c; chuc ti bng tin; - Nguyn tc v trch nhim hnh s; - Nguyn tc trong p dng php lut; + Ti phm: - Quan im v ti phm. - Mt s nhm ti phm: * Ti thp c. * Nhm ti lin quan n ch quan chc, qun l hnh chnh. * Nhm ti lin quan n l nghi triu nh. * Nhm ti lin quan n tnh mng, sc khe, ti sn, nhn phm, danh d ca ngi dn v cc quy nh lin quan n php lut t tng. * Nhm ti lin quan n quy nh v hn nhn, h tch, in trch, thu. * Nhm ti lin quan n lnh vc qun s, cung cm, bin gii. * Nhm ti lin quan n kho bi, iu, cu ng + Hnh pht : - Ng hnh: Xuy Trng Lu T. - Cc hnh pht khc. b) Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut dn s - Ch nh s hu. - Ch nh hp ng. - Ch nh tha k. c) Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut hn nhn gia nh + Ch nh kt hn: * iu kin kt hn. * Trng hp cm kt hn. + Ch nh ly hn. * Duyn c ly hn * Ly hn t ngi v * Thun tnh ly hn. + Ch nh v cc mi quan h nhn thn trong gia nh: * Quan h gia v v chng. * Quan h gia ng b, cha m v con ci. * Quan h vi ngi tn trng. * Quan h gia anh ch em. * Quan h nui con nui. d) Nhng quy nh trong lnh vc php lut t tng36

+ Quy nh v thm quyn v trnh t t tng. + Quy nh v tha kin, th l. + Quy nh v tra kho. + Quy nh v xt x. + Quy nh v bt gi. + Quy nh v thi hnh n C. CU HI N TP 1.Trnh by quyn lc ca cc Vua triu Nguyn (1802-1884)? 2.Trnh by t chc v thm quyn cc B trong thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 3.Trnh by t chc v thm quyn ca cc c quan t php v gim st thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 4.Trnh by t chc v thm quyn ca cc Nha phc v Hong cung trong thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 5.Nu v phn tch nhng ci cch trong t chc b my nh nc thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 6.Trnh by ni dung, ngha ci cch trong t chc chnh quyn a phng thi k Vua Minh Mnh (1820-1840)? 7.Trnh by cch thc t chc chnh quyn a phng thi k nh Nguyn (1802 1884)? 8.Trnh by nhng c im ca php lut nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 9.Trnh by ni dung ca nhng nguyn tc trong lnh vc php lut hnh s thi k nh Nguyn (1802 1884)? 10. Trnh by nhng nhm ti phm c th c quy nh trong Hong Vit Lut L? 11. Trnh by ch nh php lut tha k thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? T , hy nu nhng im khc bit c bn so vi thi k nh L (1428 1527)? 12. Trnh by ni dung ch nh kt hn ca php lut nh Nguyn (18021884)? 13. Trnh by ch nh hp ng trong php lut dn s thi k nh Nguyn (1802-1884)? 14. Trnh by nhng quy nh c bn trong lnh vc php lut t tng thi k nh Nguyn (1802 1884)? ----------------------------------

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Ti liu tham kho thm : + V Th Phng. Lch s Nh nc v Php lut Vit Nam t ngun gc n trc Cch mng thng Tm 1945 NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1990. + Vin Lut hc. S tho lch s nh nc v php lut Vit Nam (t Cch mng thng Tm n nay) NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1983. + nh Gia Trinh. S tho lch s nh nc v php quyn Vit Nam (t ngun gc n th k XIX) NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1968. + o Duy Anh t nc Vit Nam qua cc i NXB S hc - H Ni 1964. + + Ng S Lin v cc s thn triu L i Vit s k ton th (4 tp) NXB Khoa hc X hi 1967 1968. + Phan Huy L Trn Quc Vng H Vn Tn - Lng Ninh Lch s Vit Nam tp Thng tin NXB H v GDCN - H Ni 1991. - Thi i Hng Vng (lch s, kinh t, chnh tr, vn ho) NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1976. - Tm hiu x hi Vit Nam thi L Trn NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1981. - Th k X . Nhng vn lch s NXB Khoa hc X hi - H Ni 1983. ---------00--------

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