tong on amino axit
DESCRIPTION
ôn thi đại họcTRANSCRIPT
TI LIU N LUYN THI 2014 - 2015CHUYN AMINO - AXIT L THUYT
I. L thuyt aminoaxit trong cc thi cao ngCu 1(C.08): Cho day cac cht: C6H5OH (phenol), C6H5NH2 (anilin), H2NCH2COOH, C2H5COOH, C3H7NH2. S cht trong day tac dung c vi dung dich HCl la:
A. 4
B. 2
C. 3
D. 5.
Cu 2(C.09): Cho tng cht H2N-CH2-COOH, CH3-COOH, CH3-COOCH3 ln lt tac dung vi dung dich NaOH (to) va vi dung dich HCl (to). S phan ng xay ra la:
A. 3
B. 6
C. 4
D. 5.
Cu 3(C.09): Cht X co cng thc phn t C3H7O2N va lam mt mau dung dich brom. Tn goi cua X la:
A. metyl amino axetat
B. axit -amino propionic
C. axit -amino propionic
D. amoni acrylat.
Cu 4(C.09): Cht X co cng thc C4H9O2N. Bit:X + NaOH Y + CH4O
Y + HCl (d) Z + NaCl
Cng thc cu tao cua X va Z ln lt la:
A. H2NCH2CH2COOCH3 va CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOHB. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 va CH3CH(NH3Cl)COOHC. H2NCH2COOC2H5 va ClH3NCH2COOH
D. CH3CH(NH2)COOCH3 va CH3CH(NH2)COOH.
Cu 5(C.10): ng vi cng thc phn t C2H7O2N co bao nhiu cht va phan ng c vi dung dich NaOH, va phan ng c vi dung dich HCl ?
A. 3
B. 1
C. 4
D. 2.Cu 6(C.11): Cho cac dung dich: C6H5NH2 (anilin), CH3NH2, NaOH, C2H5OH va H2NCH2COOH. Trong cac dung dich trn, s dung dich co th lam i mau phenolphtalein la:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 3.
Cu 7(C.11): Hai cht nao sau y u tac dung c vi dung dich NaOH loang ?
A. ClH3NCH2COOC2H5 va H2NCH2COOC2H5
B. CH3NH3Cl va CH3NH2
C. CH3NH2 va H2NCH2COOH
D. CH3NH3Cl va H2NCH2COONa.
Cu 8(C.12): Cho cc cht hu c : CH3CH(CH3)NH2 (X) v CH3CH(NH2)COOH (Y). Tn thay th ca X v Y ln lt l
A. propan-2-amin v axit aminoetanoic
B. propan-2-amin v axit 2-aminopropanoic
C. propan-1-amin v axit 2-aminopropanoic
D. propan-1-amin v axit aminoetanoic.
Cu 9(C.12): Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. nhit thng, cc amino axit u l nhng cht lng.
B. Cc amino axit thin nhin hu ht l cc -amino axit.
C. Amino axit thuc loi hp cht hu c tp chc.
D. Axit glutamic l thnh phn chnh ca bt ngt.
II. L thuyt aminoaxit trong cc thi i hcCu 1(HKB.07): Cho cac loai hp cht: amino axit (X), mui amoni cua axit cacboxylic (Y), amin (Z), este cua amino axit (T). Day gm cac loai hp cht u tac dung c vi dung dich NaOH va u tac dung c vi dung dich HCl la:
A. X, Y, Z, T
B. X, Y, T
C, X, Y, Z
D. Y, Z, T.
Cu 2(HKB.09): Cho hai hp cht hu c X, Y co cung cng thc phn t la C3H7NO2. Khi phan ng vi dung dich NaOH, X tao ra H2NCH2COONa va cht hu c Z; con Y tao ra CH2=CHCOONa va khi T. Cac cht Z, T ln lt la:
A. CH3NH2 va NH3
B. C2H5OH va N2
C. CH3OH va CH3NH2D. CH3OH va NH3.
Cu 3(HKB.10): Hai hp cht hu c X va Y co cung cng thc phn t la C3H7NO2, u la cht rn iu kin thng. Cht X phan ng vi dung dich NaOH, giai phong khi. Cht Y co phan ng trung ngng. Cac cht X, Y la:
A. vinyl amoni fomat va amoni acrylat
B. amoni acrylat va axit 2-amino propionic
C. axit 2-amino propionic va amino acylat
D. axit 2-amino propionic va axit 3-amino propionic.
Cu 4(HKB.11): Cho 3 dung dich co cung nng mol: (1) H2NCH2COOH, (2) CH3COOH, (3) CH3CH2NH2. Day xp theo th t pH tng dn la:
A. (1), (2), (3)
B. (3), (1), (2)
C. (2), (3), (1)
D. (2), (1), (3).
Cu 5(HKB.12): Alanin c cng thc l
A. C6H5-NH2
B. CH3-CH(NH2)-COOH
C. H2N-CH2-COOH
D. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH
Cu 6(HKA.08): Phat biu khng ung la:
A. Trong dung dich, H2N-CH2-COOH con tn tai dang ion lng cc H3N+-CH2-COO-.
B. Amino axit la hp cht hu c tap chc, phn t cha ng thi nhom amino va nhom cacboxyl
C. Hp cht H2N-CH2-COOH3N-CH3 la este cua glyxin
D. Amino axit la nhng cht rn, kt tinh, tan tt trong nc va co vi ngot.
Cu 7(HKA.08): Co cac dung dich ring bit sau:
C6H5-NH3Cl (phenyl amoni clorua), H2N-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, ClH3N-CH2-COOH,
HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOH, H2N-CH2-COONa. S lng cac dung dich co pH < 7 la:
A. 2 dung dich
B. 4 dung dich
C. 5 dung dich
D. 3 dung dich.
Cu 8(HKA.11): S ng phn amino axit co cng thc phn t C3H7O2N la:
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4.
Cu 9(HKA.11): Dung dich nao sau y lam quy tim chuyn mau xanh?
A. Dung dich glyxin
B. Dung dich alanin
C. Dung dich lysin
D. Dung dich valin.
Cu 10(HKA.12): Dung dch cht no sau y lm qu tm chuyn thnh mu hng?
A. axit -aminoglutaric
B. Axit , -iaminocaproic
C. Axit -aminopropionic
D. Axit aminoaxetic.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
TI LIU N LUYN THI 2014 - 2015CHUYN AMINO - AXIT BI TP
Dng 1: XTP hn hp, tnh lng cht
Cu 1(C.12): Cho 14, 55 gam mui H2NCH2COONa tc dng hon ton vi dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch X. C cn ton b dung dch X, thu c bao nhiu gam mui khan?
A. 16,73 gam
B. 25,50 gam
C. 8,78 gam
D. 20,03 gamCu 2(HKB.10): Hn hp X gm alanin va axit glutamic. Cho m gam X tac dung hoan toan vi dung dich NaOH (d), thu c dung dich Y cha (m + 30,8) gam mui. Mt khac, nu cho m gam X tac dung hoan toan vi dung dich HCl, thu c dung dich Z cha (m + 36,5) gam mui. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 112,2
B. 165,6
C. 123,8
D. 171,0.
Cu 3(HKB.12): Cho 21 gam hn hp gm glyxin v axit axetic tc dng va vi dung dch KOH, thu c dung dch X cha 32,4 gam mui. Cho X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thu c dung dch cha m gam mui. Gi tr ca m lA. 44,65
B. 50,65
C. 22,35
D. 33,50Cu 4HKA.10): Cho 0,15 mol H2NC3H5(COOH)2 (axit glutamic) vao 175 ml dung dich HCl 2M, thu c dung dich X. Cho NaOH d vao dung dich X. Sau khi cac phan ng xay ra hoan toan, s mol NaOH a phan ng la:
A. 0,50
B. 0,65
C. 0,55
D. 0,70.
Cu 5(HKA.10): Hn hp X gm 1 mol amino axit no, mach h va 1 mol amin no, mach h. X co kha nng phan ng ti a vi 2 mol HCl hoc 2 mol NaOH. t chay hoan toan X thu c 6 mol CO2, x mol H2O va y mol N2. Gia tri x, y tng ng la:
A. 8 va 1,0
B. 8 va 1,5
C. 7 va 1,0
D. 7 va 1,5.
Cu 6(HKA.12): Hn hp X gm 2 amino axit no (ch c nhm chc COOH v NH2 trong phn t), trong t l mO : mN = 80 : 21. tc dng va vi 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 30 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Mt khc, t chy hon ton 3,83 gam hn hp X cn 3,192 lt O2 (ktc). Dn ton b sn phm chy (CO2, H2O v N2) vo nc vi trong d th khi lng kt ta thu c l
A. 20 gam.
B. 13 gam.
C. 10 gam.
D. 15 gam.Dng 2: X CT ca mt amino axitCu 1(C.08): Trong phn t amino axit X co mt nhom amino va mt nhom cacbonyl. Cho 15,0 gam X tac dung va u vi dung dich NaOH, c can dung dich sau phan ng thu c 19,4 gam mui khan. Cng thc cua X la:
A. H2NC4H8COOH
B. H2NC3H6COOH
C. H2NC2H4COOH
D. H2NCH2COOH.
Cu 2 (C.11): Amino axit X co dang H2NRCOOH (R la gc hidrocacbon). Cho 0,1 mol X phan ng ht vi dung dich HCl (d) thu c dung dich cha 11,15 gam mui. Tn goi cua X la:
A. alanin
B. glyxin
C. phenyl alanin
D. valin.
Cu 3(HKB.09): Cho 0,02 mol amino axit X tac dung va u vi 200 ml dung dich HCl 0,1M thu c 3,67 gam mui khan. Mt khac 0,02 mol X tac dung va u vi 40 gam dung dich NaOH 4%. Cng thc cua X la:
A. H2NC3H5(COOH)2
B. (H2N)2C3H5COOH
C. H2NC2H3(COOH)2
D. H2NC3H6COOH.Cu 4(HKA.07): -amino axit X cha mt nhom NH2. Cho 10,3 gam X tac dung vi axit HCl (d), thu c 13,95 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu tao thu gon cua X la:
A. H2NCH2COOH
B. H2NCH2CH2COOH
C. CH3CH2CH(NH2)COOH
D. CH3CH(NH2)2COOH.
Cu 5(HKA.09): Cho 1 mol amino axit X phan ng vi dung dich HCl (d), thu c m1 gam mui Y. Cung 1 mol amino axit X phan ng vi dung dich NaOH (d), thu c m2 gam mui Z. Bit m2 m1 = 7,5. CTPT cua X la:
A. C4H10O2N2
B. C4H8O4N2
C. C5H11O2N
D. C5H9O4N.Dng 3: Bai toan v amino este
Cu 1(HKB.09): Este X (co khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t mt ancol n chc (co ti khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) va mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phan ng ht vi 300 ml dung dich NaOH 1M, thu c dung dich Y. C can Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 26,25
B. 27,75
C. 24,25
D. 29,75.Cu 2(HKB.11): Cht hu c X mach h co dang H2N-R-COOR (R, R la cac gc hidrocacbon), phn trm khi lng nit trong X la 15,73%. Cho m gam X phan ng hoan toan vi dung dich NaOH, toan b lng ancol sinh ra cho tac dung ht vi CuO (un nong) c anehit Y (ancol chi bi oxi hoa thanh anehit). Cho toan b Y tac dung vi mt lng d dung dich AgNO3/ NH3, thu c 12,96 gam Ag kt tua. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 4,45
B. 5,34
C. 3,56
D. 2,67.
Cu 3(HKA.07): t chay hoan toan mt lng cht hu c X thu c 3,36 lit khi CO2, 0,56 lit khi N2 (cac khi o ktc) va 3,15 gam H2O. Khi X tac dung vi dung dich NaOH thu c san phm mui H2N-CH2-COONa. Cng thc cu tao thu gon cua X la:
A. H2N-CH2-COO-C3H7
B. H2N-CH2-COO-CH3C. H2N-CH2-CH2-COOH
D. H2N-CH2-COO-C2H5.
Dng 6: X CTCT ca hp cht C, H, O, N khi bit CTPT.
Cu 1(C.07): Hp cht X co cng thc phn t trung vi cng thc n gian nht, va tac dung vi axit va tac dung vi kim trong iu kin thich hp. Trong phn t X, thanh phn phn trm khi lng cua cac nguyn t C, H, N ln lt la 40,449%; 7,865% va 15,73%; con lai la oxi. Khi cho 4,45 gam X phan ng hoan toan vi mt lng va u dung dich NaOH (un nong) thu c 4,85 gam mui khan. Cng thc cu tao cua X la:
A. CH2=CHOONH4
B. H2NCOO-CH2CH3
C. H2NCH2COO-CH3
D. H2NC2H4COOH.
Cu 2(HKB.08): Cho 8,9 gam mt hp cht hu c X co cng thc phn t C3H7O2N phan ng vi 100 ml dung dich NaOH 1,5M. Sau khi phan ng xay ra hoan toan, c can dung dich thu c 11,7 gam cht rn. CTCT cua X l:
A. HCOOH3NCH=CH2
B. H2NCH2CH2COOH
C. CH2=CHCOONH4
D. H2NCH2COOCH3.Cu 3(C.09): Cho 1,82 gam hp cht hu c n chc, mach h X co cng thc phn t C3H9O2N tac dung va u vi dung dich NaOH, un nong thu c khi Y va dung dich Z. C can Z thu c 1,64 gam mui khan. CTCT cua X la:
A. HCOONH3CH2CH3
B. CH3COONH3CH3
C. CH3CH2COONH4
D. HCOONH2(CH3)2.
Cu 4(HKA.07): Cho hn hp X gm hai cht hu c co cung cng thc phn t C2H7NO2 tac dung va u vi dung dich NaOH va un nong, thu c dung dich Y va 4,48 lit hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai khi (u lam xanh giy quy m). Ti khi hi cua Z i vi H2 bng 13,75. C can dung dich Y thu c khi lng mui khan la:
A. 16,5 gam
B. 14,3 gam
C. 8,9 gam
D. 15,7 gam.
Cu 5(HKA.09): Hp cht X mach h co cng thc phn t la C4H9NO2. Cho 10,3 gam X phan ng va u vi dung dich NaOH sinh ra mt cht khi Y va dung dich Z. Khi Y nng hn khng khi, lam giy quy m chuyn mau xanh. Dung dich Z co kha nng lam mt mau nc brom. C can dung dich Z thu c m gam mui khan. Gia tri cua m la:
A. 9,4
B. 9,6
C. 8,2
D. 10,8.
n thi H: B quyt ca Th khoa trng Y, khoa trng Dc
(GDVN) - u Th Thu, c gi c thnh tch ng n: Th khoa H Y H Ni vi 29,5 im ng thi l khoa H Dc H Ni vi 28,5 im.
Mi hai nm lin Thu t danh hiu hc sinh gii sut sc. Nm hc lp 2 v lp 5 Thu t danh hiu hc sinh gii tnh hai mn vn ton. Lp 9 Thu t gii 3 hc sinh gii ha, gii nh hc sinh gii ton. Trong hai nm lin tip lp 11 v 12 Thu lin tc ginh gii nht mn ton.
Sinh ra v ln ln trn mnh t H Tnh, Thu l c gi thch nhc dn gian su lng, hn hu. Gia nh Thu m xng sn xut ko cu ti gia mang tn thng hiu hai c con gi Nguyt v Thu. Thu khng ch l mt c gi hc siu m cn l th lm cu rt gii.
u Th Thu, c hc sinh ngho vt kh
Tm cch gii hay trong mn toni vi bn thn u Th Thu, trong qu trnh hc bn ch trng n vic h thng kin thc, thc hnh nhiu c cch gii hay.
V mn ton, Thu cho rng: y l mn hc c l thuyt tng i t nhng nht thit phi nm chc l thuyt. Khi c xong sch Thu lm bi tp p dng lun. Thu bt m, hc gii ton th cng lm nhiu bi nng cao cng tt. Nu gp bi tp kh Thu c th xem hng dn gii, sau tm bi tp tng t lm li cho nhuyn. Sau qu trnh lm bi tp s tch ly nhiu to thnh sng to, tm ra cch gii mi, cch gii hay.
Trong giai on u n tp, Thu tp trung n theo tng ch bng cch hc k l thuyt, cng thc, dng bi tp. Khi , Thu thy c mi lin quan kin thc gia cc ch vi nhau, s ngm su v nh lu. Trc khi thi i hc 2 thng, Thu luyn tp cc bi thi tng hp c lng thi gian lm bi v c ci nhn bao qut chng trnh hn. Khi lm cc thi, bn thn Thu s tng kt c cc dng l thuyt v bi tp, bit r cu trc cng nh trng tm ca ca B Gio dc v o to.
Thu lu : Mn ton l mn t lun, v vy cn trnh by ra nhp hoc c tng trong u trc mt bi tp kh. Khng nn lm vi vng, cha chc chn s gy ra tm l cng thng, lng tng cho mi th sinh
Hc ha: Bm my tnh thn tcChia s v phng php hc ha, Thu cho rng: V mn ha, iu ct yu l phi nm r l thuyt trc khi lm bi tp.
Vi Thu, mn ha s c rt nhiu con s v vy cn... bm my tnh thn tc. Bi vic bm my tnh nhm ln s gy rt nhiu rc ri cho th sinh khi lm bi. Thu chia s, theo Thu hc Sch gio khoa l cha v thi ngy cng kh.
B quyt hc tt ca Thu l tm sch hay, su tm nhiu thi th i hc qua cc nm hc. iu ny gip cc bn th sinh hc sao cho ng hng, bit c dung lng kin thc v cn chnh thi gian hc tp cho ph hp.
Theo Thu th khng c phng php hc tp no tt nht ngoi thc t hc ca mi ngi. iu quan trng l phi thc s say m hc tp. C say m, mi ngi hc khng ngng ngh, khng bit mt mi.
Thc s yu thch mn sinh sau k thi tt nghip
Theo Thu khng c phng php hc tp no tt nht bng thc t hc ca mi ngi
Thu tm s: T nh em ao c tr thnh bc s gii v hi em thy nhiu ngi ngho ni thn qu b bnh nhng khng c tin cha tr. Do em quyt tm hc tht gii u vo trng i hc Y lm bc s cu ngi.
Thu ch thc s yu thch mn Sinh sau k thi tt nghip th nhng c bn t 9,5 im cho mn hc ny. Vi Thu, mn sinh l mn c lng l thuyt ln nht nn cn phi c hiu v nh lu. Khi lm bi thi trc nghim nn lm bi d trc ly vn sau mi lm n nhng cu kh. Thu lu cc bn th sinh trnh tnh trng bi d lm mt nhiu thi gian, bi kh lm t thi gian.
Trc khi thi i hc khong 1 tun Thu khng dnh thi gian lm thi v bi tp m c li SGK cc phn l thuyt mnh cha chc chn. Trong phng thi, Thu cho rng thi gian rt hn hp v th cn lm cu no chc cu , thi gian xem li bi thi c khi vt nhanh qua lm mt c hi t im cao.
_1401686279.unknown
_1402984948.unknown
_1403939117.unknown
_1401776555.unknown
_1402473365.unknown
_1401686238.unknown