Tng quan ti liu - Cy thuc.docx

III/ Tng quan ti liu1. Mt s bi thuc khng vim, chng d ng1.1 Cha mn nhtGiai on vim nhim:Bi 1: thuc p ti ch: l hoa cc trng gi nt vi mui, p vo mn nht.Bi 2:C khc khc40gQu k sao vng20gSc ung ngy 1 thang.Bi 3:Kinh gii 8gKim ngn20gK u nga16gTh phc linh12gC xc12gVi voi12g en sao40gCam tho dy 8gBi 4: Gii th thang gia gim: cha mn nht vo ma hThch cao 8gKim ngn12gLin kiu12gm trc dip12gXch thc12gL sen16gSt cao thm: Hong lin 12g, Hong cm 12g, Chi t 12gTiu tin ngn, thm Xa tin t 12gTo bn thm i hong 4g.Giai on ha m:Bi 1: thuc p cho v m: Rc ry, L xoan, Mui. T l nh nhau, gi nh, trn u, ngy p 2 ln.Bi 2: thuc ungKim ngn hoa20gLin kiu12gHong cm12gB cng anh16gTrn b 6gGai b kt12gCam tho 4gGiai on v m: ra sch, thay bng cho ln da.1.2 Cha inh ruBi 1:B cng anh80gHoa v l cc80gGi nt, lc ly nc ung, b p ti ch.Bi 2: ng v tiu c m gia gimKim ngn hoa40gCc hoa20gLin kiu20gT hoa a inh40gNu st cao, ming kh, to bn, nc tiu , mch nhanh, ti ch sng au nhiu, thm: Hong lin 8g, Hong cm 12g, Chi t 12g, an b 12g, Thch cao 40g.Bi 3: Huyn sm20gSinh a12gThch cao40gKim ngn40gB cng anh40gTo gic thch16gan sm12g2. Kim ngnTn khc: nhn ngTn khoa hc: Lonicera japonica Thumb.2.1 Thc vt hcCy leo bng thn qun, cnh non c lp lng bao ph gm lng n ngn v lng tuyn c cung, sau nhn, mu hi , c vn. L mc i, hi dy, hnh mi mc hoc tri xoan, di 4 - 7 cm, rng 2 - 4 cm, gc trn, u nhn. L nhn tr mt di v trn cc gn. Cung l di 5-6 mm, c lng bao ph. Cm hoa mc k cc l tn cng, theo kiu xim 2 hoa. L bc ging l con hnh mi mc, l bc con trn, lng tha mp. i 5 rng mnh, i khi khng di bng nhau, c lng bao ph. Trng hoa ban u c mu trng, sau chuyn sang vng; lng mn, lng tuyn ngoi. Hoa Kim Ngn c ng trng 1,5-2 cm, mi 1,5-1,8 cm. 5 ch nh th ra ngoi, inh hng trng, ch nh nhn, bao phn nh lng. Bu nhn. Qu hnh cu, mu en. Ma hoa bt u t thng 3, kt thc vo thng 5; ma qu t thng 6 n thng 8.Trong ng y s dng n hoa Kim ngn sp n, phi hay sy kh. C th dng thn, cnh c thu hi quanh nm.Mt s loi kim ngn thng b nhm ln: - Kim ngn: Lonicera japonica Thunb.- Kim ngn lng: Lonicera combodiano Pierre ex Danguy.- Kim ngn ln : Lonicera confusa DC.- Kim ngn hoa to: Lonicera macratha DC.Chi Lonicera Vit Nam n nay pht hin c 10 loi, tt c u c dng lm thuc. Ngun gc: ng Nam , Trung Quc, Triu Tin, Nht Bn. Ti Vit Nam: Qung Ninh, Cao Bng, Lng Sn, Bc Giang, H Tnh.2.2 Thnh phn ha hc [Dc liu hc ; cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam]Trong n hoa Kim ngn c acid chlorogenic v cc ng phn nh: acid crytochlorogenic, acid neochlorogenic v cc acid isochlorogenic a, b, c (3.4-, 3,5-, 3,6- v 4,5-di-O-cafeoyl quinic). Hm lng acid chlorogenic c th ln ti 6%.Cc flavonoid trong n hoa: rutin, luteolin-7-O--D-galactosid, lonicerin (luteonlin-7-O--D-hesperidosid) vi hm lng cao nht, v mt s flavonoid khc.Ngoi ra, n hoa Kim ngn cn c iridoid (loniceracetalid A, B, swerosid, centaurosid v secoxylognin), saponin triterpen, v mt s carotenoid.Nm 2007, ti phng th nghim Y hc Trung Hoa hin i, thuc i Hc Dc Trung Quc ti Nam Kinh, Trung Quc, ngi ta phn lp, nh tnh v nh lng c 13 hot cht thin nhin mang hot tnh sinh hc t n hoa Kim Ngn (Flos lonicerae). l: chlorogenic acid (1), caffeic acid (2), loganin (3), sweroside (4), secoxyloganin (5), rutin (6), hyperoside (7), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (8), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (9), lonicerin (10), 4,5-di-O-caf feoyl quinic acid (11), 3,4-di-O-caffeoyl quinic acid (12) v centauroside (13). (Hnh 1) [Qian, Zheng-Ming, et al. "Simultaneous qualitation and quantification of thirteen bioactive compounds in Flos lonicerae by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and mass spectrometry." Chemical and pharmaceutical bulletin 55.7 (2007): 1073-1076.]Hnh 1: Cu trc ha hc ca 13 hp cht c trong n hoa Kim Ngn.

2.3 Tc dng dc l [Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam ; Dc liu hc]Tc dng khng khun: nc sc hoa Kim ngn c tc dng c ch rt mnh i vi t cu khun, trc khun thng hn, trc khun l Shiga. Nc sc c tc dng mnh hn cc dng bo ch khc. Nc sc l Kim ngn cng c tc dng tng t.Tc dng trn chuyn ha cht bo: Kim ngn tng cng chuyn ha cht bo, c tc dng ngn cn s tch t m bng.Tc dng trn ng huyt: kim ngn c tc dng tng ng huyt trn th, tc dng ko di 5 - 6 gi.Tc dng chng chong phn v: nghin cu trn chut lang, chut lang c ung nc sc hoa kim ngn, sau ghi gy chong, s lng v tnh cht cc dng bo nim mc rut t thay i, lng histamin phi tng ng chut lang bnh thng.c tnh: c tnh thp, nghin cu trn chut nht trng, c cho ung nc sc hoa kim ngn lin tc 7 ngy vi liu gp 150 ln liu iu tr cho ngi, chut vn sng binh thng, gii phu cc b phn khng thy c thay i c bit.Swerosid trong Kim ngn hoa c chng minh c tc dng bo v gan.2.4 Tnh v - cng nng, cng dng [Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam ; Dc c truyn]Theo ng y, kim ngn c v ngt, hi ng, tnh mt, khng c, vo 4 kinh: tm, ph, v v t.Cng nng ch tr theo ng y: thanh nhit gii c, thanh nhit gii biu, lng huyt ch huyt, gii c st khun.Cng dng: Dng ring hay phi hp cha mn nht, my ay, l nga, ban si, t, l, ho do ph nhit. iu tr cc vim nhim ng h hp trn (nh vim amydan, vim hng, ...), thp khp, vim mi d ng v cc bnh d ng khc. Trung Quc, kim ngn c dng h st, lm d tiu v tr l. Hoa phi kh cn dng li tiu. Da trn tc dng tng cng chuyn ha cht bo, kim ngn c ng dng trong bnh tng lipid mu. Nc ct n hoa kim ngn c dng tim iu tr bnh nhim khun.Ch , cn trng khi dng: Nhng ngi t b h hn khng thc nhit, hoc ra m hi nhiu khng nn dng. Nhng trng hp mun nht c m v lot khng nn dng. Mt s ngi ung Kim ngn b tiu chy, ch cn gim liu hoc ngng ung l ht.2.5 Dc liu kim ngn hoa [Dc in Vit nam 4]N hoa c ln mt s hoa phi hay sy kh ca cy Kim ngn (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) v mt s loi khc cng chi nh L. dasystyla Rehd.; L. confusa DC. v L. cambodiana Pierre, h Kim ngn (Caprifoliaceae).2.5.1 M t N hoa hnh ng hi cong queo, di 1 5 cm, u to, ng knh khong 0,2 0,5 cm. Mt ngoi mu vng n nu, ph y lng ngn. Pha di ng trng c 5 l i nh, mu lc. Bp mnh u n s thy 5 nh v 1 vi nhy. Mi thm nh, v hi ng. Hoa n di t 2 5 cm, trng chia thnh 2 mi cun ngc li. Mi trn x thnh 4 thy, mi di nguyn. Nh v vi nhy thng th ra ngoi trng hoa.2.5.2 Bt Bt mu vng nu nht, c mi thm nh. Ht phn hnh cu, ng knh 53 - 62 m, mu vng, c 3 l rnh ny mm r, b mt c nhiu gai nh, tha. Lng tit gm 2 loi: Lng tit u hnh chy cu to bi 20 30 t bo v lng tit u hnh cu gm khong 10 t bo. Lng che ch n bo cng gm 2 loi: Mt loi thnh dy, nhn hoc c nhng chm li nh, mt loi thnh mng, vt li rt r. Mnh biu b cnh hoa c lng tit, lng che ch.3. Xuyn Tm LinTn khc: Cng cngTn khoa hc: Andographis paniculata (Brum.f.) Ness. 3.1Thc vt hc [cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam tp 2]Cy tho, sng hng nm, cao di 1m. Thn vung, mc thng ng, chia nhiu t, phn nhiu cnh nhn. L mc i, cung ngn, phin l hnh mc, di 3 - 10 cm, rng 1 - 3 cm, gc thun u nhn di, 2 mt nhn, mt trn mu lc sm. Cm hoa mc k l v u cnh thnh chm tha. Hoa mu trng im hng; i c 5 rng nh, u, c lng; trng hp phn di thnh ng hp, hnh tr c lng, phn trn loe ra chia 2 mi, mi trn hp di, mi di x 3 thy rng, u nhn, nh 2, nh hng trng; bu 2 . Qu nang, hp, thun di khong 1,5 cm, lng min tha, ht hnh trn. Ma hoa: thng 9 - 12; ma qu: thng 1 - 2. Vit Nam, xuyn tm lin c trng ch yu min Bc.Thu hi: c cy, c th thu hi quanh nm, tt nht l trc khi cy ra hoa.3.2 Thnh phn ha hc [Dc liu hc ; Cy thuc v ng vt lm thuc Vit Nam]Xuyn tm lin cha 2 nhm hot cht chnh l diterpen lacton v flavonoid.Cc diterpen lacton: cc dn cht chnh bao gm andrographolid, neoandrographolid, andrographisid. Hm lng andrographolid l l 2,6%, thn 0,1-0,4%; sau khi ra hoa, hm lng trong l ch cn di 0,5%. AdrographolidNeoandrographolidNgoi ra cn 1 s diterpenlacton khc vi hm lng thp: isoandrographolid, 14-epiandrographolid, 14-deoxy andrographolid, 14- deoxy-11-oxo andrographolid, andrograpanin, andropanosid, 14-deoxy-12-methoxy andrographolid, 12-epi-14-deoxy-12-methoxy andrographolid, 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydro andrographolid (andrographolid D), 14-desox andrographolid 19--D-glucosid, homoandrographolid, 6'-acetyl neoandrographolid, andrographosterol v mt terpenoid bt thung vi 23 carbon l 14-deoxy-15-isopropyliden-11,12-didehydroandrographolid. Trong cy cn c cc diterpen dimer l bisandrographolid A, B, C and D.Trong mi trng nui cy m t cc b phn khc nhau ca Xuyn tm lin, thy xut hin 3 cht sesquiterpen lacton mi: paniculid A, B, C, nhng khng c andrographolid.

Cc flavonoid: 3.3 Tc dng dc lTc dng kch thch min dch, chng vim: hot cht chnh c th l andrographolid. Trong m hnh gy ph bn chn chut cng trng vi caragenin, l xuyn tm lin (cao nc hm) cho chut ung vi liu 51,4 mg/100g th trng. c tc dng chng vim tng t nh tc dng ca 10 mg phenylbutazon / 100g chut. Andrographolid vi liu 100 hoc 300 mg/kg cng c hot tnh chng vim v c ch ng k ph chn chut gy bi caragenin, kaolin v nystatin. nghin cu v min dch, cao cn cho chut cng trng gy st bng men bia ung c hot tnh h st r rt. Andrographolid cng c tc dng h st trn chut cng trng, tuy nhin tc dng khng mnh bng. Ngoi ra Xuyn tm lin cn c tc dng gim au, c chng minh trong cc nghin cu trn chut.Xuyn tm lin c tc dng c ch cc chng vi khun: Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella shigae v Mycobacterum tuberculosis. Xuyn tm lin dng liu cao v ko di c tc dng gim s to khng th. Xuyn tm lin c th nghim lm sng v tc dng iu tr vim ph qun cp v mn. i vi vim ph qun mn (a s l ngi ln), kt qu tt gn 80% trng hp, ho v khi lng m gim, s ngy ho khc trong mi t t i, khong cch gia cc t vim xa hn. Mt s trng hp thy bt tc ngc, kh th. i vi vim ph qun cp, ch yu l tr em, thi gian lnh bnh rt ngn hn v i vi tr thng b nhiu t tin trin trong nm, nu dng thuc trong c thi gian bnh thng (d phng bng ung 10 ngy trong thng), cc t vim cp tr nn tha hn. Trong iu tr lao phi, so snh vi cng thc IPS (INH, pyrazinamid, streptomvcin trong 3 thng), cng thc IPP (trong vin Panilin bo ch t xuyn tm lin thay cho streptomycin) v cng thc ISP (trong Panilin thay pyrazinamid), c p dng iu tr cho bnh nhn lao phi cho nhng kt qu tng t.Tc dng iu tr vim ng h hp trn, d phng cm lnh: Xuyn tm lin c tc dng iu tr cm st, vim hng - amidan, c chng minh trong cc th nghim lm sng. Trong th nghim khc, cc hc sinh nh c ung trong 3 thng, mi ngy 2 vin cao xuyn tm lin c tiu chun ha, c nhm placebo so snh, xuyn tm lin c tc dng lm gim t l hc sinh b cm lnh; iu ny cho thy thuc c tc dng d phng cm lnh.Tc dng bo v gan: nghin cu trn cho chut nht trng, andrographisid v neoandrographoisid c tc dng bo v c ngha chng s nhim c gan gy bi carbon tetraclorid. Andrographolid cng c tc dng bo v gan chng thng tn gan gy bi galactosamin v paracetamol chut cng trng, gy tng tit mt, chng mt; lm tng kh nng sng ca t bo gan trong th nghim thi tr xanh trypan v hp th oxy. Andrographolid lm bnh thng ha nhng tr s bin i ca GOT, GPT v phosphatase kim t bo gan v huyt thanh. Andrographolid c tc dng mnh hn silymarin, mt thuc bo v gan c bit r.Tc dng h huyt p: cao nc th xuyn tm lin, v cc phn on n - butanol v nc gy gim ng k huyt p ng mch chut cng trng Sprague - Dawly gy m. C ch tc dng c th do gim nng men chuyn angiotensin lu hnh v gim mt s gc t do trong thn.Tc dng h tr iu tr cc bnh v tim mch: cao xuyn tm lin lm gim bt ng k hp l ng mch chu do va x gy bng ch n giu cholesterol th. Do xuyn tm lin c vai tr quan trng d phng ti pht hp sau to hnh mch vnh, thng l 30 - 40%. ch c nhi mu c tim thc nghim, cao nc hn ch s pht trin ca thiu mu cc b c tim khu tr v c tc dng bo v r rt i vi thiu mu cc b c tim c th hi phc Tim tnh mch cao chit flavon t r xuyn tm lin cho ch, c tc dng lm tng tng hp PG 12, c ch sn sinh thromboxan A2, kch thch tng hp adenosin monosphosphat vng tiu cu, ngn cn s ngng tp tiu cu, v do d phng s to thnh cc huyt khi v s pht trin nhi mu c tim.Tc dng trn h tiu ha: Cao xuyn tm lin c hot tnh chng tiu chy. Cc diterpen andrographolid v neoandrographolid phn lp t cao cn c hot tnh khng tit mnh i vi tit dch gy bi toxin rut ca Escherichia coli. Andrographolid c tc dng chng lot chut cng trng. Ngoi ra, apigenin 7,4 - di - O - methyl - ether (mt flavonoid) c tc dng chng lot d dy gy thc nghim chut lang v chut cng trng; c ch c th do hot tnh chng tit v tc dng bo v nim mc d dy. Cao cn thn r xuyn tm lin c tc dng dit giun a in vitro. Ngoi ra, cao cloroform c tc dng li tiu.Xuyn tm lin c tc dng c ch s nhn bn ca nhiu loi t bo ung th, kch thch s bit ha t bo gip chng li bnh ung th. Cc diterpen c cho l thnh phn chnh c tc dng. Andrographolid c tc dng mnh hn deoxyandrographolid v neoandrographolid trn human leukemia HL-60 v nhiu dng t bo khc.Nc sc xuyn tm lin vi mt dung treo cha t bo H9 v virut HIV (virut ny c ly ra t t bo H9 b nhim HIV mn tnh). Sau 4 ngy nhit m, ngi ta thy xuyn tm lin c hot tnh khng HIV, lm gim t l t bo b nhim virut so vi i chng. Dn cht dehydroandrographolid succinic acid monoester t andrographolid c tc dng c ch su vi khun gy suy gim min dch ngi (HIV) in vitro.Cao hm l tim phc mc cho chut nht trng c LD50: 71,1 mg/kg th trng (c tnh cp). Xuyn tm lin vi liu 20, 200 v 1.000 mg/kg hng ngy cho chut cng trng c trong 60 ngy, khng gy c tnh mn tnh trn tinh hon chut, vi vic nh gi bng theo di trng lng c quan sinh sn, m hc tinh hon, phn tch siu cu trc t bo Leydig v nng testosteron. 3.4 Tnh v - cng nng, cng dngTheo ng y, xuvn tm lin c v rt ng, tnh hn, vo 4 kinh: ph, can, t.Cng nng ch tr theo ng y: thanh nhit gii c, thanh trng ch l, thanh ph - ch khi - li hu hng, thanh nhit to thp - s can - tit nhit.Cng dng: Xuyn tm lin c dng tr l cp tnh, vim d dy, vim rut, cm mo, pht st, vim hng, vim amian, vim phi, rn c cn. cha vim ming, vim hng, dng vi l nhai ngm. Dng ngoi, cha l nga rm sy, sng ty, nhim trng ngoi da, vt thng, rn cn. Trong y hc Trung Quc, xuyn tm lin c dng diu tr cm cm vi st, vim hng, vim thanh qun, lot ming, lot li; ho cp tnh hoc mn tnh, vim rut kt, a chy, l, nhim khun ng tit niu vi tiu tin kh v au; mn nht, l lot, rn c cn. Cn dng cha bnh do Leptospira. R v l xuyn tm lin c dng ph bin trong y hc c truyn n , v nhiu vng ng Nam , Trung M v vng Carib; thng c dng lm thuc tr rn v su b cn. Nc hm hoc nha t l v nt c dng tr st, ban da nga v lm thuc b. Nc sc l hoc r dc dng tr au d dy, ly, bnh st do Rickettsa, bnh t, cm, vim ph qun, lm thuc ty giun v li tiu. Cn c dng lm thuc p cha sng chn, bnh bch bin v tr. Vin hon hoc thuc hm c dng iu tr ri lon kinh nguyt, kh tiu, tng huyt p, thp khp, bnh lu, v kinh, bnh gan v vng da. n , ngi dn dng cha ho g, st rt. Xuyn tm lin cng c dng trong thnh phn ca phng thuc c truyn n cha rng tc. Nepal ngi dn dng tr p xe.Ch : v thuc rt ng, khng nn dng thi gian di, gy nh hng ti tiu ha.