Topics:Adjectives and the nouns they qualify

Adjectives of color and defect

The Definite Article

Sun Letters and Moon Letters

Adjectives that qualify definite nouns

04/19/23 1Arabic Language MCMC 2007

ل�م ق�د�يد ج�

ط�ال�ب د�يد ج�

An new pen a new student

Examples:

04/19/23 2Arabic Language MCMC 2007

ة ي�ار� س�د�يد�ة ج�

ط�ال�ب�ة د�يد�ة ج�

an new car a new student

Masculine:

Feminine:

ص�غ�ير� �ير� �ب ك �ي غ�ب ذ�ك�ي ق�د�يم� ج�د�يد�Small Big, large Dull Bright Old New

Translate into English:

اع�ة 3 - س�ة . ك�بير�

س 2 - د�ر.د�يد. ج�

- ك�ت�اب 1. د�يم ق�

ل 6 ج5 - ر�. ك�ب�ير

ة 5 ف� - غ5ر.د�يد�ة. ج�

- د�ار 4ة. غ�ير� ص�

ة 9 س� د�ر< - م5ة. د�يم� ق�

- ط�ال�ب 8. Bب�ي�غ

- ب�ن.ت 7ة. غ�ير� ص�

ة 12 ل�يف� - خ�. ك�ب�ير

ة 11 ي�ار� - س�د�يد�ة. ج�

د 10 ج� - م�س.. د�يم ق�

د�يق 15 - ص�د�يد. ج�

ب�ع 14 - إ�ص.ة. غ�ير� ص�

- دار 13ة. د�يم� ق�

When referring to a person, ير�� �ب means “long ق�د�يم� means “old” while كstanding.”

�م�ين� ث ض�ع�يف�

ق�و�ي �ظ�ي نف�

و�س�خ� ف�ق�ير� �ي غ�ن

Expensive Weak Strong Clean Dirty Poor Rich

A rich teacher (m&f) A poor teacher. A weak student (f).

A strong Caliph. A small, new school. A big, expensive desk.

A dirty chalkboard. An old watch. A clean room.

An old, dirty A rich mother. A dirty window.

A weak chair. A small hand. A big ear.

A smart missionary. A strong sun. A clean face.

An old friend. A poor, weak girl. A small car.

Translate into Arabic:

This is a new student. = د�يد ذ�ا ط�ال�ب ج� ه�

04/19/23 5Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Translate into Arabic: 1. This is a strong, old table.

2. That is a small, new chair.

3. This is a smart student (m&f).

4. That is a strong window.

5. This is a smart, new doctor.

6. That is an old friend (m&f).

7. This is a weak door.

8. That is an old school.

9. This is a rich man.

10. That is a poor woman.

11. This is a dirty room.

12. That is a rich merchant.

A doctor �ي ط�بب�

A merchant �اج� تر�

Exercise: point to the following objects and say in Arabic: “This is a … ...” using an adjective to describe it.

Correct the following sentences.

ة 1 س� د.ر� ذ�ل�ك� م� ذ�ه� د�ار ك�ب�ير و� - ه�ة. غ�ير� ص�

أ�ة ذ�ك�ي�ة.2 ر� ذ�ل�ك� ا�م. ل غ�ب�ي�ة و� ج5 ذ�ا ر� - ه�د�يد3 ت�ل.ك� ج� د�يم و� ة ق� ط�ر� - ت�ل.ك� م�س.

. ك�ت�ابة 4 ي�ار� ذ�ا س� م�يل و�ه� اع�ة ج� ذ�ا س� - ه�

ة. ب�يح� ق�ة5 س� د�ر< ذ�ا غ�ب�ي�ة - ذ�ل�ك� م5 ذ�ك�يB و�ه�

ط�ال�ب�ة.ة 6 ت�ل.ك� ك�ب�ير� ة ب�ن.ت و� غ�ير� - ذ�ل�ك� ص�

أ�ة. ر� ا�م.

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Here is a list of common adjectives:

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�ع�يد� ب ق�ر�يب� �ب� غ�ائ ح�اض�ر� خ�ف�يف� �ق�يل� ثFar Near Absent Present Light Heavy

Iق� ض�ي ع� و�اس� �ان� ب �ح ج�اع� Oش خ�يص� �ر �م�ين� ثNarrow Wide Cowardly Brave Cheap Expensive

�م� ال �س UسOو م�كر�

�ه�د� ت UجOم يط� �ش� ن غ�ر�يب� �اف�ع� ن

Whole Broken Hardworking Active Strange Useful

�يح� ق�ب ج�م�يل� �ط�يئ� ب ر�يع� �س ق�ص�ير� ط�و�يل�Ugly Beautiful Slow Fast Short Long, tall

ح�ار �ار�د� ب Iئ� ي �س ح�س�ن� ص�عUب� هUل� �سHot Cold Bad Good Hard Easy

ح�ام�ض� �ذ�يذ� ل مOر Uو� ل Oح �ت� �ائ ب ج� �ط�ازSour Delicious Bitter Sweet Stale Fresh

Tanwīn shows that a noun is indefinite. Tanwīn is dropped

when the definite article ( is present, leaving one Damma (أ�ل.

at the end. Since .ل�أ begins with Hamzatul Wasl, it is elided

when it comes after any word and is written as: ٱ

ب�ن.ت ل�د و�A girl A boy

04/19/23 9Arabic Language MCMC 2007

ل.ب�ن.� أ

ت5

ل�د5 �ل.و� أ

The girl The boy

ع. ال.م�ة5 ر�ف�

definite

ة5 الن�ك�ر�indefini

te

ة5 �ل.ع�ال�م� أة5 ل�يف� ل.خ� ٱو�

ة5 ف� �ل.غ5ر. أل.ب�اب5 ٱو�

mي س� �ل.ك5ر. أك.ت�ب5 ل.م� ٱو�

�ل.ك�ت�اب5 أل�م5 ل.ق� ٱو� mأل5م �ب5 و� ٱأ�أل. ل�د5 �ل.و� أ

ل.ب�ن.ت5 ٱو�

Moon Letters 5ي�ة ر� م� وف5 ال.ق� ر5 ال.ح5

ة5 ، ر� ج� ة5 ، أ�لش� ور� mلس�لد�ار5 ، أ�أ�لنmور5 أ�لط�ال�ب5 �لل�ي.ل5 ، أ ، أ

�ب5 ، �ل.ب�اب5 ، أ�أل. د5 ، أ م. �ل.ح� أيل5 �ل.ف� �ل.ع�ي.ن5 ، أ ة5 أ �ل.ك�ل�م� ، أ

04/19/23 10Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Sun Letters 5ي�ة م.س�� وف5 الش� ر5 ال.ح5

If .ل�أ comes before a Moon Letter, its Lam is pronounced with a sukoon.

If .ل�أ comes before a Sun Letter, its Lam is assimilated into the letter.

Read the following words with the definite article.

ر�ي خ�ط�ة

ح�ص�ان

م� ج�ل

ث�ل.ج ت�اج ب�اب ر.أ�

ض Map Horse Camel Ice, snow Crown Door Earth

صح.ن

شم.س

ا س�ع�ة

ي. ز�ت

أ. ر�س

ذ�ئ.ب د�ار

Plate Sun Watch Oil Head Wolf house

ر م� ق� رأ. ف� غ5ب�ا

ر ع5ل.ب�ة

ظ�ف.ر

ط�ف.ل

ض�Bب

Moon Mouse Dust Box Nail Child Lizard

ي�د د� و�ر.ة

ب�ة ه� ن5ور ك.ت� م�ب

ل5ع.ب�ة ك�ل.ب

Hand Rose Gift Light Desk Toy dog

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The adjective that qualifies a definite noun must be definite.

اع�ة5 الس�د�يد�ة5 ال.ج�

اع�ة س�د�يد�ة ج�

ال.ك�ت�اب5 د�يد5 ال.ج�

ك�ت�اب د�يد ج�

the new watch a new watch the new book a new book

Read and translate the following:

ة5 يف� ف� ائ�د�ة5 ال.خ� ال.م�يل5 يm الث�ق� س� ال.ك5ر. و�

خ5 ال.ك�ت�اب5 ال.و�س�ة5 ة5 الن�ظ�يف� اس� ال.ك5ر� و�

ة يص� خ� اع�ة ر� س�ين�ة ة ث�م� ي�ار� و�س�

يل5 ال.ك�ب�ير5 ال.ف�غ�ير5 ال.ك�ل.ب5 الص� و�

The new pen and the old ruler The stupid teacher (m & f)

A tall house and a short tree A big door and a small window

The smart student (m & f) The clean, new school

A cheap, old car and a small key The expensive watch04/19/23 12Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Since proper nouns are definite, their نعت must be definite. Eg.

ي.ن�ب5 ز�ذ�ك�ي�ة

ي.ن�ب5 ز�الذ�ك�ي�ة5

ي.د ز�ك�ب�ير

ي.د ز�ال.ك�ب�ير5

Zaynab is smart. The smart Zaynab Zayd is old. The old Zayd

04/19/23 13Arabic Language MCMC 2007

ف5 ي5وس5ال.ك�ر�يم5

ى م5وس�اع5 ج� mالش

م�ان5 ل5ق.ك�يم5 ال.ح�

ن�ب�يل�ة5 ة5 غ�ير� الص�

ي�ة5 آس�ة5 اب�ر� الص�

ة5 اط�م� ف�اء5 ر� ه. الز�

The rich Uthman. Uthman is rich. Aisha is generous.

The generous Aisha. Maryam is brave. The brave Maryam.

The hardworking Khadija. Khadija is hardworking.

Translate:

Such adjectives have a distinct masculine form ( ع�ل5 (أ�ف.

and a distinct feminine form (5ء�ع.ال which does not end ,(ف�

with ة. Also, they do not take Tanween.

Masc.ف� ص.

أ�ر5

ر� أ�ز.ق5

و� س.أ�

د5أ�خ.ر5 ض�

م� أ�ح.ر5

�ب.ي� أض5

Fem.ف. ص�اء5 ر�

ق� ر. ز�اء5

و. س�د�اء5

ض. خ�اء5 ر�

ر� م. ح�اء5

ب�ي.ض�اء5

Meaning yellow blue black green red white

Masc. أ�ع.م�ى

أ�ع.ر�ج5

ص�أ�

mم�ب.ك� أم5

م� س.أ�

ر5

Fem.ي� ع�م.اء5

ع�ر.اء5 ج�

ا م� ص�ء5

ا ب�ك.م�ء5

م. س�اء5 ر�

Meaning blind lame deaf dumb brown

04/19/23 14Arabic Language MCMC 2007

Oاء ��د�ة� خ�ضUر ه�ذ�ه� م�ائ Oر��حUم ه�ذ�ا ق�م�يص� أ

Oر�م Uس� ق� أ �ذ�اك� و�ر Oاء�Uض �ي ة� ب �هUر ��لUك� ز ت

Oاء�ق Uر ��اف�ذ�ة� ز ه�ذ�ه� ن Oد�و Uس� ه�ذ�ا ح�ص�ان� أ

This is a yellow door. That is a green chair.

This is a yellow ruler. That is a white desk.

This is a red car. That is a blue pen.

Read and translate the following sentences.

04/19/23 15Arabic Language MCMC 2007