torvild aakvaag bjarne aamodt olav …...torvild aakvaag bjarne aamodt olav aarna lars-eric aaro...

A n n ua l r e p o rt

TORVILD AAKVAAG BJARNE AAMODT OLAV AARNA LARS-ERIC AARO TEODOR AASTRUP KENT ABBÅS ENNO ABEL EGIL ABRAHAMSEN JONAS ABRAHAMSSON ERIK AGERMAN GUNNAR AGFORS CARLOS AUGUSTO LIRA AGUIAR CHRISTOPHER AHLBERG INGA-BRITT AHLENIUS LENNART AHLGREN GÖRAN AHLSTRÖM KRISTER AHLSTRÖM KRISTINA AHLSTRÖM ESKO AHO MATTI ALAHUHTA HORST ALBACH ANN-CHRISTINE ALBERTSSON PER-ÅKE ALBERTSSON EVA-LENA ALBIHN MARCUS ALDÉN UNO ALFREDEEN HENRIK ALFREDSSON BERT ALLARD THOMAS ALLARD STURE ALLÉN GUNNAR ALMGREN ANDREAS ALSÉN KRISTINA ALSÉR OLLE ALSHOLM LEO ALTING JAVIER ALVAREZ VARA JOHNNY ALVARSSON LOUIS AMÉEN JOAKIM AMORIM PIA ANDERBERG ARNE ANDERSSON BENGT ANDERSSON BERTIL ANDERSSON BJÖRN ANDERSSON BRITT-INGER ANDERSSON CURT ANDERSSON EVERT ANDERSSON GÖRAN ANDERSSON INGER ANDERSSON INGVAR ANDERSSON JOHAN ANDERSSON LARS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON MATS ANDERSSON PATRIK ANDERSSON ROLAND ANDERSSON ROLF ANDERSSON RUNE ANDERSSON SIV ANDERSSON SVEN-ERIK ANDERSSON SÖREN ANDERSSON THOMAS ANDERSSON TOMAS ANDERSSON ÅKE E ANDERSSON ROBERT ANDREEN PETER ANDREKSON CARL-GUSTAF ANDRÉN SVEN G ANDRÉN INGEGERD ANNERGREN KARIN ANNERWALL PARÖ MARKUS ANTONIETTI ULLA ANTONSSON JEANETTE ANTTILA MARIA ANVRET MASAHIKO AOKI KARIN APELMAN GUNILLA ARHÉN ANTTI ARJAS JOHN ARMSTRONG CHRISTEL ARMSTRONG-DARVIK SIGNHILD ARNEGÅRD-HANSEN ROAR ARNTZEN BERTIL ARONSSON LARS AROSENIUS FREDRIK ARP GÖRAN ARVIDSSON OLOF ARWIDI MICHAEL ASHBY LEIF ASP OLA ASPLUND PETER AUGUSTSSON JÖRGEN AXELSSON ANNA AXELSSON WÅLLBERG SVEN AXSÄTER ROLF BACK LARS BACKSELL SIGVARD BAHRKE CLAES BANKVALL DEAN BANNON SERGIO BARABASCHI JOHN S BARAS FRITZ BARK PERCY BARNEVIK ANDERS BAUDE CLAES-GÖRAN BECKEMAN DAVID BEJKER MONICA BELLGRAN CHARLOTTE BENGTSSON EWERT BENGTSSON JENS BENGTSSON NILS BENGTSSON ARNE BENNBORN MATS BENNER CARL BENNET CARL BENNET BENGT BERG CAROLINE BERG LARS BERG YLVA BERG MARTIN BERGDAHL SVEN-GUNNAR BERGDAHL BO BERGGREN THOMAS BERGLIN LARS BERGLUND KARL BERGMAN LARS BERGMAN MATS BERGMAN ROBERT BERGMAN CLAS BERGSTRÖM HANS BERGSTRÖM LENNART BERGSTRÖM PER-OLOV BERGSTRÖM STEN BERGSTRÖM VILLY BERGSTRÖM LARS BERN LARS BERTMAR KLAUS BIEDERMANN ARTHUR BIENENSTOCK LENNART BILLFALK JEAN-PIERRE BIRAT HÅKAN BIRKE MARIE BJELKSÄTER HANS BJUR GUNNAR BJURSELL STEN BJURSTRÖM ERIK BJÖRCK ANDERS BJÖRGERD TOMAS BJÖRK ANDERS BJÖRKLUND STIG BJÖRKMAN HANS BJÖRNSSON ERICH BLOCH ANDERS BLOM STINA BLOMBÄCK HENRIK BLOMQUIST CARL-HUGO BLUHME KLAUS BOCK KENNETH BODIN CONNY BOGENTOFT ORIOL BOHIGAS GUARDIOLA ERIK BOHLIN HOLGER BOHLIN NILS BOHLIN STAFFAN BOHMAN ANDERS BOMAN PÄR BOMAN INGRID BONDE HENRIK BORELIUS GUNNAR BORG GUNILLA BORGEFORS CARL BORREBÆCK HILTJO BOS ERIK BRANDSMA PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM HJALMAR BRISMAR GUNNAR BROCK HANNA BRODDA LEIF BRODÉN ANNETTE BRODIN RAMPE CHARLOTTE BROGREN PER BROMAN BENGT BROMS TORBJÖRN BRORSON KARL BROTZMANN BILL BROX NILS BRUNSSON PEGGY BRUZELIUS DAN BRÄNDSTRÖM RUNAR BRÄNNLUND ANDERS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS BRÄNNSTRÖM MAGNUS BRÄNNSTRÖM HANS-JÖRG BULLINGER SONAT BURMAN-OLSSON HÅKAN BUSKHE KARIN BYMAN ANNA BÜNGER BRITT-MARIE BYSTEDT STIG BYSTEDT GÖRAN BÄCKBLOM FREDRIK BÄCKHED JAN BÄCKLUND PER-OVE BÄCKSTRÖM URBAN BÄCKSTRÖM LARS BÖRJESSON SOFIA BÖRJESSON SANTIAGO CALATRAVA LARS CALMFORS SUSANNA CAMPBELL JAN CARLÉN EMELIE CARLEÖ COLIN CARLILE HEIDI CARLSÉN CARL-ERIC CARLSON MARTIN CARLSON ULF CARLSON E H ROGER CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON GÖRAN CARLSSON JAN OLOF CARLSSON JAN-OTTO CARLSSON JANNE CARLSSON MÅRTEN CARLSSON SUNE CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON TOMAS CARLSSON THOMAS CARLZON MICHEL CARPENTIER GÖRAN CARS BRYAN CARSBERG CHRISTIAN CASPAR TORD CEDELL KLAS CEDERWALL TORSTEN CEGRELL JÖRGEN CENTERMAN VINTON G CERF ROBERT CHABBAL TAO SOON CHAM ICHIRO CHIBATA ATTILA CHIKÁN SOON DAL CHOI JOHAN CHRISTENSON KUNMO CHUNG TORD CLAESON BRIAN CLARK P. JOHN CLARKSON CHRISTIAN CLAUSEN MÅNS COLLIN PETER COLLIN PONTUS CORNELIUS ANDERS CRAFT EDWARD F CRAWLEY INGEMAR CROON PAUL CRUTZEN BARBARA CZARNIAWSKA MAGNUS DAGERSKOG ANDERS DAHL ÅSA DAHL GÖRAN DAHLBERG BO DAHLBOM CLAES DAHLBÄCK JOHN DAHLFORS ERIK DAHLQUIST STEN DAHLQVIST HANS DALBORG HANS G DANIELMEYER ALRIK DANIELSON PER-ERIK DANIELSSON HELEN DANNETUN MAT DARVENIZA PER DAVIDSSON ETIENNE DAVIGNON CARLO DE BENEDETTI ISABELLA DE FEUDIS PONTUS DE LAVAL THIERRY DE MONTBRIAL CLAES DE NEERGAARD CARLOS DE OLIVEIRA PEIXOTO PER DELSING JOHAN DENNELIND BENGT DENNIS JAN DERNESTAM GEORGIA DESTOUNI MARIANNE DICANDER ALEXANDERSSON ULF DINKELSPIEL PIA DJUPMARK MARIA DOLLHOPF CARL DOUGLAS GUSTAF DOUGLAS DUNCAN DOWSON PETER DOYLE JAMES R DRAKE BRITT-MARIE DROTTZ SJÖBERG ANNA DUBOIS STEN DYBECK HANS DYRVOLD BJARNE DÄCKER CHRISTOPHER ECKERBERG RALPH EDEBO URBAN EDENSTRÖM PER-OLOF EDIN BERTIL EDLUND KRISTINA EDSTRÖM BO EDVARDSSON GUNNAR EDWALL BO EGARDT MARIE EHRLING MARIE EHRLING EERO EHRNROOTH GEORG EHRNROOTH HENRIK EHRNROOTH CHRISTIAN EKBERG ANDERS EKBLOM JOHAN EKESIÖÖ BÖRJE EKHOLM BÖRJE EKHOLM DAN EKLUND KLAS EKLUND ANNE-MARIE EKLUND LÖWINDER JAN-OLOF EKLUNDH BO EKMAN THOMAS EKMAN ANNA EKSTRÖM ÅKE EKSTRÖM EMAD EL-SHARKAWI THOMAS ELDERED LENNART ELFGREN BENGT-OLOF ELFSTRÖM GUNNAR ELIASSON JONAS ELIASSON PER-JONAS ELIÆSON MONIKA ELLING HÅKAN ELMQVIST ARNE ELMROTH PEJE EMILSSON SVEN-OLOF ENFORS SVERRE ENG SVEN ENGBLOM STEFAN ENGDAHL PETER ENGLUND MATZ ENGMAN BJÖRN ENGQUIST DAG ENGSTRÖM OLOF ENGSTRÖM PETER ENGSTRÖM LARS ENGWALL MATS ENGWALL HANS ENOCSON OLLE ENSTAM DITTE ERBING ENE ERGMA BERNT ERICSON HAMPUS ERICSSON HÅKAN ERICSSON K ANDERS ERICSSON MAGNUS ERICSSON STIG ERICSSON TORSTEN ERICSSON VERONICA ERICSSON-LAKSO ANNELI ERIKSSON CAJ ERIKSSON HÅKAN ERIKSSON LARS-ERIK ERIKSSON LENNART ERIKSSON MIKAEL ERIKSSON OLOF ERIKSSON PER ERIKSSON PER-OLOF ERIKSSON STAFFAN ERIKSSON LENA ERIXON CHARLOTTE ERKHAMMAR PEKKA ERKKILÄ SVEN ERLANDER GUNNAR ERLANDSSON BIRGIT ERNGREN WOHLIN BENGT ESKILSON SAEID ESMAEILZADEH LENNART EVRELL ULF EWALDSSON INKEN FABER GÖRAN FAGERLUND PER FAHLÉN BO FAHLIN CHARLES FAIRHURST KERSTIN FALCK THOMAS FALK ANNIKA FALKENGREN ANNA FALL PETER FALLENIUS WEITANG FAN YVES FARGE HARRY FAULKNER HANS JÜRGEN FEDERSEL KJELL-OLOF FELDT ANDREY MIKHAILOVICH FINKELSTEIN MARTIN FISCHER HELLMUT FISCHMEISTER BO W FJELKNER HARRY FLAM ANDERS FLODSTRÖM NIKLAS FLYBORG STAFFAN FOLESTAD HANS FOLKESSON OTTO FORGACS HANS G FORSBERG CBE KARIN FORSEKE STURE FORSÉN CHRISTER FORSGREN JACK FORSGREN ERIC FORSSBERG JOHAN FORSSELL EVA FORSSELL-ARONSSON VLADIMIR FORTOV GRETA FOSSUM ULRIKA FRANCKE ULRIKA FRANCKE HARRY FRANK KJELL FRANK SIGBRIT FRANKE TORSTEN FRANSSON PATRIC FREDELL LENNART FREDENBERG KERSTIN FREDGA OWE FREDHOLM PAM FREDMAN BILLY FREDRIKSSON HASSE FREDRIKSSON ÅKE FREDRIKSSON STIG FREYSCHUSS STIG FRIBERG PER ERIK FRICK JONAS FRISÉN HÅKAN FRISINGER TAGE FRISK TOMAS FROM JAN FRYK ÖSTEN FRÅNBERG ULLA-BRITT FRÄJDIN-HELLQVIST TORE FRÄNGSMYR LASZLO FUCHS CHRISTER FUGLESANG TAKAHIRO FUJIMOTO VIIVEKE FÅK PATRIK FÄLTSTRÖM EVA FÄRNSTRAND STEFAN FÖLSTER FRODE GALTUNG STEN GATENBECK PAUL GATENHOLM ANDRAS GEDEON ERNST GEIJER ULRIK GELIUS GÖRAN GELLERSTEDT TRYPHON GEORGIOU MAGDALENA GERGER HÅKAN GERGILS DARIUSH GHATAN IVAR GIAEVER JAMES GIBBONS MICHAEL GIBBONS ERIC GIERTZ KERSTIN GILLSBRO ANDREA GISLE JOOSEN CRISTINA GLAD SERGEI GLAVATSKIH JOHAN GLENNMO KRISTINA GLIMELIUS THOMAS GLÜCK MARY GOOD MALIN GRAFFNER NORDBERG SVEN GRAHN MARKUS GRANLUND LARS GRANLÖF CLAES-GÖRAN GRANQVIST ERIC GRANRYD OVE GRANSTRAND MARIANNE GRAUERS INGMAR GRENTHE SALVATORE GRIMALDI HERMANN GRIMMEISS GÖRAN GRIMVALL MAGNUS GROTH ROBERT W GRUBBSTRÖM ANDERS GRUDÉN ANDERS GRUFMAN PER GRUNEWALD LENNART GRÅNÄS PER-ERIC GRÄNS ANDERS GRÖNLUND BINGLIN GU CHUNYUAN GU SIGMUNDUR GUDBJARNASON PETER GUDMUNDSON WACLAW GUDOWSKI JOHAN GULLICHSEN LARS GUNNARSSON LEI GUO FREDRIK GUSTAFSSON JAN-ÅKE GUSTAFSSON LARS GUSTAFSSON LEIF GUSTAFSSON LENA GUSTAFSSON STEN GUSTAFSSON ANNICA GUSTAVSON STIG GUNNAR GUSTAVSON SÖREN GYLL PEHR G GYLLENHAMMAR JAN GÅNGE JESPER GÖRANSSON JON HAAG BACHARUDDIN JUSUF HABIBIE MARIE HAFSTRÖM ERIK HAGERSTEN ANDERS HAGFELDT JÖRGEN HAGLIND SVANTE HAGMAN TONY HAGSTRÖM MAGNUS HALL MAGNUS HALL ULF HALL ANDERS HALLBERG ANNA HALLBERG BO HALLBERG PER HALLBERG TOMAS HALLÉN KRISTJAN HALLER PER HALLIUS BENGT HALLSTRÖM BENGT HALSE EVA HALVARSSON YLVA HAMBRAEUS BJÖRLING GUNNAR HAMBRAEUS EVA HAMILTON EVA HAMILTON KARL-OLOF HAMMARKVIST ANDERS HAMSTEN MICHAEL HANSEN INGEMAR HANSSON ROBERT HANSSON SVEN OVE HANSSON VEIKKO HARA MAGNUS HARDMEIER SARA HARMENBERG MILTON HARRIS GÖRAN HARRYSSON DESMOND HARTFORD NILS HARTLER MARIS HARTMANIS HYOE HATAKEYAMA BO HEDBERG TORBJÖRN HEDBERG ANDERS HEDENSTEDT BO HEDFORS BO S HEDSTRÖM JENS HEED INGRID HEGBOM EKMAN LARS HEIKENSTEN LARS-ÅKE HELGESSON PER HELLMAN MAGNUS HENREKSON HENRIK HENRIKSSON JENS HENRIKSSON HANS HENTZELL ANTTI HERLIN ANNE-MARIE HERMANSSON SVEN HERNBERG ERIK HERNGREN JOHAN HERNMARCK WOLFGANG A. HERRMANN HANS HERTZ KLAS HESSELMAN KERSTIN HESSIUS OLA HILDINGSSON DAVID HILL FREDRIK HILLELSON MATS HILLERT PER HILLSTRÖM LARS IVAR HISING FOLKE HJALMERS PER HJELM SIGRUN HJELMQUIST MATS HJERPE THOMAS HJERTBERG SOPHIA HOBER THOMAS HOFVENSTAM BERT-INGE HOGSVED PETTER HOLLAND KARL-JOHAN HOLM LENNART HOLM BENGT HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMBERG KRISTER HOLMBERG LENNART HOLMBERG GUNNAR HOLMDAHL GRY HOLMGREN HAFSKJOLD JAN HOLMGREN BERTIL HOLMLUND CARIN HOLMQUIST BJARNE HOLMQVIST PETER HOLMSTEDT BENGT HOLMSTROM HANS HOLMSTRÖM TORBJÖRN HOLMSTRÖM ALAIN HONNART MIA HORN AF RANTZIEN HANS HORNUNG LARS HULTKRANTZ LARS HULTMAN BENGT HULTQVIST HANS HENRIK HUSS WILLIAM A HUSTRULID BEVIS HUTCHINSON BENGT NIPPE HYLANDER STAFFAN HÅKANSON CARINA HÅKANSSON HÅKAN HÅKANSSON YNGVE HÅLAND BJÖRN HÄGGLUND STURE HÄGGLUND OLLE HÄGGSTRÖM LARS HÖGBERG ERIK HÖGLUND INGEMAR HÖGLUND BERTIL HÖK FREDRIK HÖRSTEDT FREDRIK HÖÖK KRISTINA HÖÖK THOMAS IDERMARK ANDERS IGEL JAAKKO IHAMUOTILA YUKIO IMANISHI KAZUO INAMORI MARTIN INGVAR LARS IRSTAD ALF ISAKSSON EVA ISAKSSON ÅKE IVERFELDT JAN-OLOF JACKE BO JACOBSON CARL-OLOF JACOBSON PETTER JACOBSSON ROLAND JACOBSSON ULF JAKOBSSON ANDERS JANSSON INGRID JANSSON ARVYDAS JANULAITIS HENRY JARLSSON PÅL JARNESS DAVID JARVIS PETER JENNERGREN TORSTEN E JENSFELT ARNE JERNELÖV ÅKE JERNQVIST ESPRIÚ JAVIER JIMENEZ BENT JOHANNESSON ROLF JOHANNESSON THOMAS JOHANNESSON INGE JOHANSEN ANITA JOHANSSON ANN LOUISE JOHANSSON BERNT JOHANSSON BÖRJE JOHANSSON CARL-JOHAN JOHANSSON GUNN JOHANSSON GUNNAR L JOHANSSON GÖRAN JOHANSSON HANS JOHANSSON HANS E JOHANSSON HASSE JOHANSSON HENRIK JOHANSSON HÅKAN JOHANSSON JAN C JOHANSSON JAN-OLOV JOHANSSON JERKER JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON LEIF JOHANSSON OLLE JOHANSSON SVENOVE JOHANSSON ULF J JOHANSSON PETER BERGHSEY JOHNSEN ANTONIA AX:SON JOHNSON PONTUS JOHNSON VIVECA AX:SON JOHNSON TOM JOHNSTONE PEDER JONSSON LARS JONUNG HENRIK JORDAHL LARS G JOSEFSSON LEIF JOSEFSSON STAFFAN JOSEPHSON FRANÇOIS JUILLET CLAES-ROBERT JULANDER BO JUNGNER TAPANI JÄRVINEN GUNILLA JÖNSON HÅKAN JÖNSSON PÄR JÖNSSON ANNA KADEFORS ARNE KAIJSER MARTTI M KAILA VAHID KALHORI TERJE KALLAND PER KALLSTENIUS KARIN KALOCZY MATTI KANKAANPÄÄ CHARLES KAO JAN-ÅKE KARK HANS KARLANDER NILS KARLSON ARNE KARLSSON CHRISTER KARLSSON JAN-ÅKE KARLSSON LENNART KARLSSON JOHAN KARLSTRÖM URBAN KARLSTRÖM BENGT KASEMO KOJI KATO JOAKIM KENNEDY LÁSZLÓ KEVICZKY MARIA KHORSAND TOR KIHLMAN LISELOTT KILAAS MERVYN KING ANDERS KINNANDER KOUTA KINOSHITA TÖIVE KIVIKAS BENGT KJELL JONAS KJELLSTRAND PEDER KLEPPE GERT KNUTSSON SVEN KNUTSSON JUAN KIAT KOH ERIK KOLLBERG DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT GERHARD KREYSA TORBJÖRN KRONANDER WOLFGANG KROPP ANN KRUMLINDE HERMANN KRÄMER URBAN KRÖNSTRÖM UDAY KUMAR ANDERS KUPSU JUHANI KUUSI MIRJA KVAAVIK BARTLEY SVEN KVARNSTRÖM LARS KYLBERG TOMAS KÅBERGER PER KÅGESON BO KÅGSTRÖM ERLAND KÄLLÉN BO KÄLLSTRAND JONAS KÖHLIN ANNE L’HUILLIER PIERRE LAFFITTE FREDRIK LAGERGREN SVEN TORBJÖRN LAGERWALL

CONTENTS

IVA in brief ................................................................................................................................................................. 4Sustainable development .................................................................................................................................. 8Information and communication technology ......................................................................................18Economics and enterprise ............................................................................................................................. 28Energy ........................................................................................................................................................................ 40Education and research ................................................................................................................................... 50Annual Meeting .................................................................................................................................................... 64IVA Documentation 2015 ...............................................................................................................................71

»The Academy’s mission is to promote the engineering and economic sciences and the development of industry for the benefit of society«

IVA’s statutes, §1

ÖVERL IGGARE

IVA is the world’s oldest academy of en-gineering sciences and H.M. the King is its patron.

The Swedish members – just over 900 in number – are assigned to one of twelve divisions that focus on various fields within engineering, economics and society. IVA also has close to 300 international members.

IVA’s network consists of decision-mak-ers and experts from business and industry, academia and public administration. The network is enriched by the knowledge and experience of its members and IVA’s Busi-ness Executives Council.

The Business Executives Council has more than 230 member companies and organisations. It gives the Academy a firm footing in the business community and is a source of long-term funding.

The Academy is independent and is finan ced through project grants, business community contributions, Government grants and income from the Conference Centre. In 2015 IVA’s turnover was SEK 92 million.

IVA’s activities have a global perspective and important aspects include external analysis, study trips and collaboration with other engineering sciences academies.

IVA recognises important achievements in natural sciences, engineering and eco-nomics through awards, scholarships and medals. The Academy also initiates acti-vities that subsequently become spin-off organisations.

IVA’s Conference Centre is one of Stock-holm’s most frequented meetingplaces. Every year around 40,000 people participate in meetings, seminars and activities there.

I VA IN BR IEF

Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences (IVA)

IVA is formed as a royal academy.

Gustaf Dalén is the first member.

Johannes Ruths receives IVA’s

first Great Gold Medal. Inventor Gustaf Patrik de Laval is awarded

IVA’s first commemorative

medal.

The Sjögren Library

containing more than

10,000 books is donated to IVA.

The collection includes the first edition of Newton’s

Principia.

IVA initiates Svetskommis

sionen (The Swedish Welding

Commission).

Tekniska museet (Swedish National

Museum of Science and Technology),

founded by Torsten Althin, moves from

IVA’s loft to its current premises in Stockholm’s Gärdet

district.

1936

1931

1928

1924

1919

ÖVERL IGGARE

IVA’s Business Executives Council is

formed under the name

IVA’s Indus-trial Council. Today it has

more than 230 member

companies and public sector

organisations.

4–5

JANUARY FEBRUARY MA

RCH

APR

IL MAY JNUE JULY AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

O

CO

TBER

N

OV

EMBE

R

DEC

EMBE

R

Meetings in Stockholm Meetings around the country

Division meetings Assembly of the Academy

Business Executives Council Project and Programme Council meetings

IVA North, South and West

Meetingplace for an impact on society

IVA’s twelve divisions, projects, the Business Executives Council and

regional sections arranged many more than 100 meetings throughout Sweden in 2015. All of the meetings are free-of-charge and open to all. Through its projects – which are based on a

scientific approach – IVA has an impact on the development of society.

IVA’s first President Axel R. Enström of

the National Board of Trade, resigns after 21

years as President.

IVA opens its first interna-tional office in New York.

The office subsequently moves to Washington

D.C. signally the start of Sveriges Tekniska Attachéer

(Sweden’s Engineering Attachés), a programme

with offices all around the world. The programme

continues through Tillväxtanalys (Swedish Agency for

Growth Policy Analysis).

IVA initiates the Swedish

section of the entrepreneur

network Con-nect. Christer

Zetterberg is the first head of the

network.

IVA creates Power Circle, a professional

organisation for the electric

power industry. Stig Göthe is its first chairman.

Lena Treschow

Torell is the first women to be presi-dent of IVA.

Prince Daniel is appointed as an

honorary member of the Academy.IVA’s Student

Council is formed.

IVA initiates the Laboratory

for Surface Chemistry.

IVA’s Chairman heads the Royal

Technology Mis-sion (RTM). The

destination of the first mission – which includes

H.M. the King – is California.

Boeing and Sili-con Valley are visited. RTMs

have taken place on a regular

basis ever since.

H.M. the King officially opens the Wallenberg

Auditorium at the Conference Centre.

In 1941 IVA is one of the founders of

Tekniska nomenklaturcentralen

(Swedish Centre for Terminology,

TNC).

1983

1963

1946

1940

19502001

1997

20062015

2008

1984

6

PRES IDENT ’ S COMMENTS

Independent bridge-builder at the forefront

Society’s challenges are tangible. Climate change, environmental problems and ma-jor refugee streams are some of the things

we need to deal with both globally and nation-ally.

But these challenges carry with them oppor-tunities to develop innovations and new enter-prises.

Other forces are shaping our future as well; research and technical development are among them.

We are beginning to really see the trans-formative effects of digitalisation. The digital, connected society is evolving rapidly. We need to handle it with care; otherwise we might find ourselves in a new IT bubble and waste billions in the process. Many of the enterprises that did not survive the IT bubble had business models that would perhaps have been successful today. But then, fifteen years ago, neither the technology nor the users were mature enough.

Fortunately, the necessity of sustainable de-velopment, resource efficiency and the circular economy is at the centre of the public debate.

IVA, under the sound leadership of our Chair-man Leif Johansson, could not be more engaged in all of these changes and opportunities.

Our rOle as an independent arena for bridge-building between the academic, busi-ness and political spheres and society in gen-eral has always been an important one. Today it is perhaps more significant than ever.

Our core values of quality, excellence, independ-ence and being at the forefront are incorporated in everything we do. I feel proud that we are living up to our values in the best possible way.

The dedication and talent of the Academy’s members coupled with the know-how and ex-

pertise of the important decision-makers in our Business Executives Council help bring strong legitimacy to IVA. Our projects and pro-grammes are based on a solid foundation and the quality is assured in every conceivable way.

This gives credibility to our project results.One of our projects, Attractiveness for Sustain-

able Growth, has delivered its final report, and it does not pull any punches. The impact of the report has been great, and responsible for it is a united Steering Committee of big names with Carl Bennet at the helm. The project’s commu-nication phase is now under way with a particu-lar focus on the four “top gun” teams working on themes identified by the project. Concentrated initiatives relating to sustainable textiles, smart urban homes, digital healthcare and computer games are showing us new ways to work. They are also potential successful areas of excellence for Sweden.

Our projects have topical themes and take on the most important questions to find the best possible answers. Resource Efficient Business Models is one example. Among other things, it is study-ing material flows in important sectors to find a way to achieve a more circular economy.

Anders Narvinger is Chairman of the Steer-ing Committee.

The Innovation in the Forest Industry project was launched in 2015 to identify ways of reinforcing the Swedish forest industry’s position as a global leader. This is yet another example of IVA’s efforts to forge new paths towards a sustainable growth economy. Olof Persson is the project’s Chairman.

Another project launched in 2015 is Good Cities of the Future. Its objective is to help ensure that a growing population has attractive environments in which to live and work. Gabriel Urwitz is Chairman of the project’s Steering Committee.

Our members provide valuable input, not only for our projects, but also in the activities of our twelve divisions. Seminars at a high level – both in terms of content and participants – are a distinguishing feature. The Academy’s trans-sectoral programme councils explore issues that spark curiosity and that could be the focus of future projects. This broad-based approach en-hances the Academy. The Programme Council for Africa has concluded its work. But its mem-bers are carrying on the effort under the leader-ship of Ivan Öfverholm. We salute that!

The Business execuTives cOuncil , chaired by Eva Hamilton from 2016, attracts top names from the business community to attend stimulating breakfast meetings. Erik Lautmann, Chairman for five years until the end of 2015, ensured that the Council’s activi-ties can reach new heights and take place in more places around the country. That makes the whole of IVA stronger.

Organising seminars and meetings far away from Stockholm gives us more and wider per-spectives. All sections of IVA are aware of the importance of a regional presence.

All of this makes me truly optimistic about the future. IVA will be an important arena long after our centennial celebration in 2019.

Björn O. Nilsson, President, IVA

ÖVERL IGGARE

SUSTAINABLE DE VELOPMENT

There is an ever-growing population on our planet. Population growth and other global societal challenges require sustainable development. Resources must be used efficiently and be renewable. IVA runs projects to promote sustainability work in Sweden and internationally.

10


Sustainability deeply rooted in Swedish forest industry

Sustainable development is no passing trend; it is an essential foundation for a bright future. To make it a reality, we

need smart solutions and to use resources sen-sibly. The smartest thing would of course be to use resources that are not finite.

Managed properly, the forest is one such non-finite source of raw materials, and more and more people are realising its possibilities.

Forest officer Carina Håkansson is Director General of the Swedish Forest Industries Fed-eration. A sustainability approach is nothing new to Carina.

“I’ve lived and breathed forestry for almost 35 years. Managing felling in a sustainable way and ensuring that forest products are environ-mentally sound is second nature throughout the forest industry. So for us, sustainability is obvious,” she says.

Other industries have realised it more re-cently.

“For me, a sustainable society is one that meets today’s needs without destroying things for the next generation. There are several di-mensions: the economy, environment and so-cial sustainability.”

Climate and environmental problems are

global. The earth’s population is increasing and more and more people are demanding a better standard of living. This makes it a real challenge to create the necessary economic growth in a sustainable way.

“That doesn’t mean we don’t have to aim for global sustainable growth. The resources – what we extract from the ground, such as met-als – will eventually run out. We therefore need a circular economy to handle the challenges. We need to be much better at that.”

The swedish fOresT indusTry has been doing its part for well over 100 years.

“The forest is renewable. Products made from the forest can be recycled over and over. News-paper, for example, can circulate seven times before finally being turned into bioenergy.”

Sweden, Canada, the USA and Finland are the world’s leading exporters of paper, pulp and sawn wood products. It’s clear that the Swed-ish forest industry is actively helping to reduce global climate change.

“But there is still more forest in Sweden now than ever before. That’s because we never ex-tract more wood than regrowth permits. The industry is dimensioned for that.”

ABOUT CARINA HÅKANSSON

Carina Håkansson is a forest officer and has been Director General of the Swedish Forest Industries Federation since 2013. For almost 20 years she has held various management positions at forest company Stora Enso. She has also served as CEO of energy company Dalakraft.

Carina Håkansson is a member of the Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry. In 2015 she was elected as a member of IVA’s Division VIII Forest Technology. She is a member of the Steering Committee for the Innovation in the Forest Industry project.

»There is still more forest in Sweden now than ever before. That’s because we never extract more wood than regrowth permits.«

MEETINGS: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

12


Wood products bind carbon dioxide and the carbon is stored until it becomes energy. Then the climate gas emissions are absorbed by the growing forest. Making very long-last-ing products of wood is therefore a good idea. Houses are a climate-friendly example. In the past, large multi-dwelling buildings were, on the other hand, few and far between.

“That’s because we weren’t al-lowed to build large wooden build-ings before we joined the EU. Now we have learnt how to do it and around 10 percent of these build-ings are now made of wood. Several companies are preparing their pro-duction operations for this. I think that’s fantastic and it’s creating jobs in parts of the country where they are badly needed.”

Sometimes people – mainly those outside the forest industry – express the opinion that the industry is slow to evolve and not particu-larly interested in innovative new possibilities. According to Carina Håkansson, that is just a preconceived notion.

“The industry may seem conservative be-

cause forestry has an 80-year perspective. And with paper-making machinery costing four to five billion kronor, you can’t change direction that easily. But progress in forestry, in the in-dustry and on the environmental side has been very rapid and in some areas, dramatic.”

The traditional forest-based products, which create substantial net export income for Sweden, will remain a core part of the for-est industry. But new products are being de-veloped. BillerudKorsnäs’ food cartons are one example. The rectangular cartons take less space on shop shelves, are lighter than tins and reduce the transport volume because they are rectangular rather than cylindrical. SP Techni-

cal Research Institute of Sweden has produced a protein that can be used as fish food. Testing is now under way to turn the fish food into a commercial reality.

“Anything you can make from oil, and more, you can make out of wood. Oil and wood have

carbon as a common denominator.”

develOping mOre prOducTs from biological raw materials is the objective of bioinnovation, one of the national strategic innovation areas. The vision for 2050 is a Swe-den transformed into a bioeconomy. Around 60 stakeholders are partici-pating. The Government is footing 50 percent of the bill and the private

sector the other half. Biofuels and electric vehicles could make

road transport fossil-free. But grants for devel-oping fuel from forest residues have perspec-tives that are far too short-term, according to Carina Håkansson. Developing and producing a product for filling stations will be expensive.

“Nature created numerous stages in the production of oil. To do it for wood, we have

25 March – StockholmThe path to resource-efficient industrySeminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project and Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

25 September – StockholmPathways to 2050 – How to be even more resource-efficientSeminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project

30 September – MalmöGood Cities of the Future – Is the Greater Copenhagen area one of them?Seminar – Division III Building and Construction and IVA South

20 October – GothenburgSustainable enterpriseBreakfast meeting – IVA West and the Business Executives Council with Michael Treschow

21 October – StockholmCircular economy and resource efficient business models (with the Environmental Objectives Council)Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project

3 November – StockholmSustainable leadership for SodexoBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Azita Shariati, CEO Sodexo Sweden and Denmark

»For me, a sustainable society is one that meets today’s needs without destroying things for

the next generation.«

13

to do everything ourselves. There are no exist-ing large production facilities and building the first large-scale ones will be very costly.”

But politicians across the political spectrum understand the great potential of the forest as a raw material resource for a future fossil-free bioeconomy. The Alliance government launched a national forest programme and the current Government has picked up where it left off. The Government’s Innovation Council has identified the forest as a future resource.

“The knowledge exists and a lot is happen-ing, but we need concrete action now.”

iT is nOT just forest industry players and politicians who have understood that the

forest can be an excellent asset for new prod-ucts; many other stakeholders want this green resource as well. Tourism and leisure are ob-vious ones, but the chemicals, automotive, technology and food industries are also look-ing at the opportunities. The traditional for-est industry may even have competition for its raw material.

“The way the forest industry reacts to this is critical. The board of the Swedish Forest In-dustries Federation has formulated its vision stating that the forest industry is driving growth in the global bioeconomy. The ambi-tion exists in the traditional forest industry.”

But it is not just up to the industry, politi-cians and the research community to ensure

that Sweden becomes a bioeconomy. As con-sumers, we can actually have a big influence on how fast the transformation takes place.

“Everyone wants green products. Swedish organic food for example. But our behaviour doesn’t always match what we say. The links between brain, hand and wallet are hard to influence. Obviously I hope that grocery cus-tomers actively choose a paper bag because they know it’s made from renewable raw ma-terials,” says Carina, who represents an indus-try that is practicing what it preaches – the forest industry is Sweden’s biggest producer and user of bioenergy and its processes are already 97 percent fossil-free. Others should follow suit.

14


An educational initiative in a car park in Almedalen showed that it is possible to reduce food waste.

The Resource Efficient Business Models project used unusual tactics at its seminar. Partici-pants were skilfully shown how to prepare food and drinks from things that would otherwise have ended up in the bin. Audience members were also given inspiring examples of concrete resource efficiency initiatives by businesses and public authorities.

Anders Narvinger is Chairman of the Steer-ing Committee for Resource Efficient Business Models.

“Schnippeldisco was started by food activists in Germany who wanted to show that it is pos-sible to do something about food waste,” he said.

One third of the food produced globally ends up in the bin instead of in people’s stom-achs. The food thrown away would be enough to feed all of the hungry people in the world – four times over.

There are many areas where resource waste could be drastically reduced. Examples from participating companies and public authori-

ties show that a lot can be achieved if we think along new lines.

Fashion company Filippa K invests in sus-tainable clothes. Wardrobes do not need to be overfilled if garments are produced using good fabrics and can be combined.

Public authorities could also help improve resource efficiency by providing information. If people knew that making a single cup of coffee requires 140 litres of water, maybe they would not brew more than they actually need.

Kerstin Cederlöf, Deputy Director Gen-eral of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency pointed out that it is possible to change old habits. Participants who would like meat on their plate can tick a box on their registration form – the opposite of how it usually works.

Major sectors, like real estate, can also make changes. In cooperation with the company Kompanjonen, property company Vasa kronan is making sure that before a building is demol-ished or remodelled, as much of the materials in things like windows and doors as possible are saved instead of being thrown away. And are then sold for a decent profit.

Schnippeldisco aims to cut food waste

ABOUT RESOURCE EFFICIENT BUSINESS MODELS – GREATER COMPETITIVENESS

The objective of the project is to promote new business models that have built-in resource efficiency. An analysis group is working on control mechanisms and incentives. The project’s five work groups are divided by sector.

Based on the work groups’ results and on other studies, political recommendations will be drafted for the period up to 2020. They will include an industry vision of how Sweden can be more competitive in a future with finite resources.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Anders Narvinger.

The project timeframe is 2014–2016.

Anders Narvinger and Björn Stigson.

Ingrid Petersson.

15

Fast track to good cities of the future

Sweden’s cities are growing. The big ones the most. Attractive urban environments offering services, education and culture

attract more people and businesses. But there is a downside: a housing shortage, segregation, crammed public transit and snail-pace traffic jams on streets and roads are a few examples.

The objective of IVA’s Good Cities of the Future project is to provide a growing popula-tion with attractive environments.

“We shouldn’t just look at big cities, but try to determine how shrinking regions can be-come good environments for people to live in as well,” says Staffan Eriksson, Project Manager.

It is not all that easy to define what a good city is, but one distinctive feature is that people do not leave because they are unhappy there.

“A good city is sustainable – economically, environmentally and socially. Things should work well for everyone, regardless of their age or where they’re from.”

The project is studying various geographical areas – both newly built districts and housing complexes built in the ‘60s and ‘70s – to find out what leads to successful development.

Public transit and other forms of travel are among the things under particular scrutiny.

“Public transit needs to be well-structured and run smoothly. But it is expensive, so more people need to use it to keep the costs down in relative terms and really help to reduce the num-ber of cars on the roads, as well as emissions.”

One way to influence this is to change the location of bus stops. They could be made more inviting and even be meetingplaces for people. According to Staffan Eriksson, new technology makes this entirely possible. He also points out that Gothenburg now has a bus stop inside a library.

“Electric vehicles are changing the possibili-ties radically.”

Addressing the planning and decision pro-cesses for social development in a broad sense is one of the main tasks for the project partici-pants.

“Politicians and civil servants who are re-sponsible for social development have key roles to play. Decision-makers in industry should benefit from our conclusions,” says Staffan Eriksson.

ABOUT GOOD CITIES OF THE FUTURE

The project objective is to help provide a growing population with attractive environments in which to live and work.

The project has four work groups:

The Urbanisation Drivers and Obstacles group is responsible for ensuring the project has a foundation in new and relevant research.

The Upward Development Spirals group’s task is studying actual districts in a number of regions.

The Future Flows in Sustainable Cities group is taking a visionary approach to explore technical, social and logistics flows.

The Planning and Decision Processes group is studying how new discoveries and plans can be best used.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Gabriel Urwitz of Segulah and the other members are representatives for all relevant areas in society.


16

Over 35 percent of Swedish net exports come from the forest industry. The renewable forest is also a natural part

of the fossil-free bioeconomy of the future.But the world-leading Swedish forest indus-

try is suffering from low profitability, which is making it difficult to create resources for investments in things that could be effective innovations.

Innovation in the Forest Industry is a new IVA project aimed at determining how to strengthen the status of this industry inter-nationally.

Mats Johnson is Project Director. He has many years of experience in turning forest re-search discoveries into profitable business.

“The forest industry is good at a lot of things, but there are no simple solutions for improving its innovative capacity,” he says.

This will require more than research and technology inventions.

“Goals and visions are easy to create. It’s achieving them that’s the problem. New busi-ness models are essential for innovation to take place – for new technology or new products to reach a wide market.”

It is hard for the forest industry to man-age this on its own. The continued success of the industry is important for society as a

whole. Forest companies provide a lot of jobs and are often located a good distance from the big cities.

“Help and support from universities and the Government are needed. It’s important to find new sources of funding and entrepreneurs. In-novative environments that attract smart peo-ple are essential.”

There is great potential at the intersection of different sectors of industry. Industrial cooperation across sector lines is one way to achieve renewal. Whole new industries could start to see the light of day.

If this is successful, Sweden’s forests will be a trump card in the transition from coal and oil to a green economy. European countries outside the Nordic region have not realised the potential of the forest.

“In Europe the forest is regarded as wild na-ture with no real benefit to society.”

Mats Johnson thinks that IVA’s project needs to focus on the long and the short term.

“We can help to determine what the main obstacles are for development in the forest in-dustry and what the government can do. It’s also important to create awareness about the possibilities. So the project is aimed at politi-cians, researchers and the industry itself – and not just the today’s forest industry,” he says.

New business models to grow the forest

ABOUT INNOVATION IN THE FOREST INDUSTRY

The purpose of the project is to identify how Sweden’s forest industry, by taking an increasingly large role in a transition to a bioeconomy, can reinforce the sector’s world-leading position. The project’s work groups are tasked with answering questions in three areas:

• How can the forest industry best develop its current value chains and help to create new ones?

• How can the industry, funders and researchers work together to promote a higher level of innovation and potential products of the future?

• How can forest raw materials make a bigger contribution to the energy system and to the built environment?

The project’s goal is to urge academic, industrial and political players to move towards a renewed and strengthened commitment to forest-based products.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Olof Persson.



17

For chemical companies the time it takes from lab to commercial reality can be as long as for pharmaceuticals. I-Tech,

a company formed in 2000 by researchers at Chalmers University of Technology and the University of Gothenburg, has developed a non-toxic and environmentally sound boat hull paint. In autumn 2015 the paint was ap-proved for use within the EU. Funding was provided by Mistra.

The active ingredient in the innovative paint called Selektope is medetomidine. The substance has been used for years in veterinary medicine as an anaesthetic for dogs and cats.

As an ingredient in hull paint it has a differ-ent function. Quite simply, it scares away bar-nacles, the most common type of crustacean that attach themselves to boat hulls. It does this without harming the barnacles.

Existing paints that contain large amounts of copper kill the small crustaceans and the copper eventually ends up in the sea.

Lena Lindblad is research director and one of the company’s founders.

“It took three years to prepare all of the nec-essary documentation and then six years and SEK 50 million before the paint was approved in Europe,” she said at an IVA seminar.

Lena Lindblad pointed out that the long process from development to approval re-quires owners that can take a really long-term perspective.

Small companies that want to develop an innovation may need other types of expertise and equipment than they have. This is what AstraZeneca’s Biohub in Mölndal offers. I-Tech is one of the companies that has taken advan-tage of that opportunity.

obs of the future, green conversion and global cooperation are a few of the issues that Kris-tina Persson, Minister for Strategic Develop-

ment and Nordic Cooperation are mulling over.“But I’m an optimist. We are leading in areas

like entrepreneurship. The level of education in our country is relatively high and corrup-tion is non-existent,” she said at a seminar in Almedalen arranged by IVA’s Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project.

Transforming the job market is not the task of one minister alone. Kristina says that eight or nine ministers will be involved.

“The vision of full employment is attaina-ble. But to get there we need broad cooperation on social insurances and taxes. Green transfor-mation and a circular economy will bring more jobs.”

It is important for Sweden to be attractive in a global perspective. Attractiveness needs to be improved locally, regionally and nationally.

“Removing national boundaries as far as possible is also important for an export nation like Sweden. We need to promote affirmative policies. Policies simply have to keep up with development,” said Kristina Persson.

Green transformation and globalisation test Swedish attractiveness

Long road to market for chemical industry innovations

Kristina Persson.

Lena Lindblad.

ÖVERL IGGARE

INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Automation, artificial intelligence and digitalisation are fundamentally changing the game for individuals, businesses and society. The consequences are as revolutionary as when society was electrified. IVA is describes some aspects of this transformation.

ÖVERL IGGARE

18–19

ÖVERL IGGARE

20

INFORMATION AND COMMUNIC AT ION TECHNOLOGY

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Smart humanoid robot the workmate of the future

Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is in-vesting in a robot butler. In 2018 one in five texts will be written by robots. IBM

is making its humanoid robot smarter and AI is out-competing the middle class. All of this was grabbed from the headlines of Ny Teknik magazine in January 2016. Before Christmas a robot was wrapping gifts in Media Markt’s TV commercial. Robots are clearly red hot right now.

Last year a major Swedish investment in re-search in autonomous systems (AS), artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics was announced. Danica Kragic Jensfelt is a robotics professor at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and one of the researchers who will turn the government funding into concrete research results.

“We can rebuild the world with ones and zeros,” she says at exactly 1111100, i.e. on 11 Janu-ary at eleven o’clock on the dot. What could be more binary than that?

“The best time of the year.”

Ones and zerOs cannot, of course, solve eve-rything on their own. Computers, data, soft-ware and sensors of different kinds are needed if robots are to achieve anything in the physical world. And researchers and programmers are the ones who combine and develop the compo-nents to make efficient physical machines, like robots or other autonomous systems.

Industrial robots have been around for a long time. Ford introduced the first one in the automotive industry at the beginning of the 1960s and the term robot itself was coined by the Čapeks brothers in the 1920s.

“In the past, robots in car manufacturing plants were pre-programmed. It was a closed system where the robots did their work with-out humans needing to be present,” said Danica Kragic Jensfelt.

Now robot development is instead about integrating physical machines with human activity in normal environments.

“In the past a robot was really a big arm that performed very precise movements. Now Honda and Sony have developed humanoids and they’re also found in research labs.”

Until a few years ago computers and sensors did not have sufficient capacity for autono-mous systems controlled by artificial intelli-gence to be constructed.

“We need data from numerous sensors. The systems must be able to take into account all of the ‘noise’ from the huge amount of data. In some ways sensors are like human senses, and robots need to be able to interpret information before turning it into action.”

When a robot interacts with a human it first needs to understand human speech and to make itself heard. These are good charac-teristics for robot workers in factories of the future. In a multi-year project funded by the

ABOUT DANICA KRAGIC JENSFELT

Professor Danica Kragic Jensfelt has a PhD in robotics. She has been a guest researcher at Columbia University and Johns Hopkins University in the USA. Since 2008 she has served as Vice Dean of the School of Computer Science and Communication at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) and is now Director of the Centre for Autonomous Systems at the same university.

Danica Kragic Jensfelt is a member of the board of FAM, the Wallenberg Foundation’s holding company. She is also a member of the Royal Academy of Science (KVA) and in 2015 was elected into IVA's Division II Electrical Engineering.

»In the past a robot was really a big arm that performed very precise movements. Now Honda and Sony have developed humanoids and they’re also found in research labs.«

ÖVERL IGGARE

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Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, Danica Kragic Jensfelt will find ways for robots and humans to work together in production environments.

“The robot will take care of the monotonous tasks and it will, for ex-ample, watch how human performs tasks.”

But these machines can do more than that. When connected to the internet they can also entertain their human colleagues with things that in-terest them.

“I think that workplaces will be more fun in the future.”

Autonomous systems will change the job market in many occupations. Drivers are one example. The idea of convoys of lor-ries without drivers – except for the one at the front – is not science fiction. And in Tokyo robot taxis will transport people around at the 2020 Olympics.

Computers are better than people at com-paring and analysing large amounts of data. If legal texts and all of the rulings are in the

cloud, we will probably need fewer lawyers. Robots can also be very useful in healthcare.

“AI systems can deliver a synthesis of differ-ence events that generate large data volumes.

Systems that independently write simple sports commentary already exist.”

sO JOurnalisTs can also look forward to increased competition for their jobs. Perhaps researchers will even have robots as colleagues. It’s not unthinkable according to Danica Kragic Jensfelt.

A research robot could have access to all the

knowledge that exists in a certain field and, using statistical models, look for connections that would otherwise be hard to find.

“In biotechnology, where people don’t use mathematics all that much, advanced software could perhaps help to find unexpected relationships in the over-all data volume.”

But if a robot is to perform surgical procedures on a person, the operations need to be 100-percent successful.

“No one would agree to it if the robot only gets it right 99 percent of the time.”

Before robots through AI can re-ally start interacting with humans

in daily situations, at work or in the home, a lot of research still needs to be done. The ma-chine must, for example, understand what we are saying to it. And we don’t even understand all human capabilities ourselves yet.

“People understand irony. The tone of voice and facial expression of the person talking make it easy. We connect experience and what we know about the person who is being ironic.”

»Human intelligence enables us to make decisions in

situations where we don’t have all the information. AI is when computers do the same thing.«


MEETINGS: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

23

Getting machines to understand irony is no easy task for a scientist. And more concrete items – like a cup – how do we explain what that is to a machine?

“In the future robots will understand and learn from their mistakes.”

Danica Kragic Jensfelt is one of the re-searchers who will head one of the projects within the giant Wallenberg Autonomous Systems Program or Wasp. Her project will deal with perception, learning and verification in interactive autonomous systems. Basically, they are developing the ability of robots to learn and adapt their behaviour.

“Wasp is a very important programme for Sweden. Our top universities are involved. In addition to research, we are going to create edu cation programmes for an entirely new type of engineer based on interactions with companies. The overall goal is to create ma-chines that exist to serve humans.”

Swedish research on how robots will inter-act with humans is still fairly limited in an international comparison. But Sweden is one of the leaders in areas such as control engineer-ing. Sweden also has substantial expertise in interaction and localisation engineering.

“But we can’t compare ourselves to MIT or Berkeley. German Fraunhofer is also a lot big-ger than the Swedish research environment. We need big labs.”

In concrete terms, robotics researchers use maths and modelling to create algorithms that can get physical machines to perform various tasks. Algorithms are tested using data from sensors – theory, models and trial and error until everything works satisfactorily.

“To develop a system that can park a car, it’s important to find a model that works quickly. It can’t take half an hour to park a car.”

The A in artificial intelligence means “non-human.” A calculator counts faster than the human brain. But it is not intelligent.

“Human intelligence enables us to make deci-sions in situations where we don’t have all the information. AI is when computers do the same thing. With sensors and the internet of things they can tell us that we are about to run out of milk in the fridge and need to buy more. The system can even be designed to order the milk automatically. Although this might not be a good idea if the family is about to go on holiday.”

danica Kragic JensfelT is certain that machines in the future will take decisions, something that has so far been reserved for humans.

Take self-driving cars as an example. They are good because they can improve the flow of traffic and will certainly result in fewer vehi-cles being needed for transportation.

But what happens if something unexpected

happens? Volvo has said that it will take re-sponsibility for its cars, but how will the cars react in a complicated traffic accident?

“Let’s say you’re alone in your car, but the car coming towards you has a family inside and the automatic systems in the cars are not able to avoid the collision. Which car should drive into the ditch so that the other one will be OK? Our human decisions are rarely about doing what is best thing overall. When people make these decisions they tend to save them-selves. Machines will make critical decisions on a different basis.”

“These are sensitive issues because they deal with ethics and morals. That is why behav-ioural scientists and philosophers are involved in AI research as well. We are discussing things we had no idea needed to be addressed.”

Perhaps the consequences of robots being hacked into will also be on the agenda for dis-cussion.

And far into the future, robots will be able to clone themselves. Because robots will be able to design and build the same things that we build.

“As a researcher I’m responsible for what we programme into a robot. It is supposed to work exactly the way we want it to. The programme therefore needs to contain ‘warning instruc-tions’ like those on physical products,” says Danica Kragic Jensfelt.

12 February – StockholmAutonomous systems – New possibilities!Seminar – IVA’s Big Data Programme Council

17 February – LuleåBig data – What is it and what can it do for society?Seminar – Big Data Programme Council and IVA North

17 March – StockholmLife’s building blocks and big data – The way to a better world?Breakfast meeting with Mathias

Uhlén arranged by IVA's Division X Biotechnology.

6 May – StockholmIs personal integrityconsistent with a safe society?Seminar – Division XII Information Technology

16 September – LuleåThe impact of digitalisation – From Swish to rhinocerosesSeminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, Norrlandsfonden and IVA’s Business Executives Council

25 November – StockholmThe third machine revolution – What will the consequences be for society?Seminar – Division II Electrical Engineering


24

Doubling the number of games and inter active entertainment companies in Sweden, quadrupling the number

of employees and doubling the percentage of women. These there are the shared goals for 2020 of some of Sweden’s leaders in the games industry.

The Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth pro-ject gathered experts to start working in one of the project’s “top gun teams” in mid-April. To reach the 2020 goal, state funding, a business development programme for game entrepre-neurs and more investment in creative subjects in schools are needed. The games industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world and Sweden is among the ten largest exporters. Today the Swedish games industry consists of around 170 companies with 2,500 employees, 16 percent of whom are women. To-gether they have created games that are being played by more than 700 million people.

The growth potential in the industry is great, as are the opportunities to strengthen Sweden’s position as a global video game mag-net. High costs, a housing shortage and insuf-ficient government funding are highlighted as some of the main challenges for the industry.

The difficulty finding the right talent is also a challenge.

“We need to introduce coding in schools, just like sports and crafts. We need to let children enjoy being creative with code,” says Fredrik Nyström, head of PR at Dreamhack.

Today creative excellence is the hardest thing to find.

“It’s quite easy for us to find programmers, but it’s hard to find creative talent, like light-ing technicians, animators and visual effects experts. We often have to recruit from out-side Sweden, which makes it challenging to retain employees in the long term,” said Björn Johnsson, COO of Dice.

Sweden the new Hollywood for the games industry

25

A letter no longer means as much as it used to. They are dwindling in num-ber. The volume of packages, on the

other hand, is growing rapidly. Postnord wants to take advantage of this trend to be the lead-ing logistics and communications company in the Nordic region.

Yes, 25 million Nordic residents and busi-nesses still get letters in their letter boxes – last year as many as 5.3 billion. That may seem like a lot, but in fact the volume has declined since 2000 by 60 percent in Denmark and 40 percent in Sweden.

Still, Håkan Ericsson, CEO of Postnord since 2013, is quite optimistic about the future for the Danish-Swedish company.

“We want to be the leading logistics and com-munications solutions company in the Nordic region,” he said at a breakfast meeting at IVA.

The increasing volume of e-commerce is the key. Last year 120 million packages were sent by post to recipients in the Nordic coun-tries. Postnord is already the largest player in this segment. e-commerce in Sweden in 2014 reached almost SEK 50 million. That is ten times more than a decade earlier.

But the transition for the company, which dates back to the 1600s, is a tough one.

One strategy is to offer e-commerce com-panies comprehensive solutions. That means shipping, managing returns, target group analy sis and directing marketing support.

“Sometimes a letter to the right target group in combination with digital advertising yields the best result for e-commerce companies.”

Consumers who shop online can increas-ingly determine how they want their purchase delivered. Facilitating this trend is also a prior-ity for Postnord.

An e-package means so much to the post office

Håkan Ericsson.

27

Royal flash visit

to Ludvika

H.M. the King visited ABB’s High Power Laboratory in Ludvika. In the giant, ultra-high-voltage

(UHV) test centre, he got to fire off a flash to test an 800 kV transmission. The visit to the electric power company in Dalarna was part of IVA’s Royal Technology Tour. The 2015 destinations were Dalarna and Västmanland. The delegation, consisting of business leaders, researchers and public sector representatives, also participated in seminars during the two-day field trip.

In Ludvika they also visited regional de-velopment company Samarkand and the STRI testing facility. On day two the del-egation headed to Västerås. The programme there included Mälardalen University and train technology company Bombardier. One in five trains in the world have propul-sion systems that come from the Västerås plant. H.M. the King and the rest of the delegation were curious and showed great interest in Bombardier’s operations.

ABOUT IVA’S ROYAL TECHNOLOGY TOUR

The Royal Technology Tour, which studies business and research in various parts of Sweden, set off for the fifth time in 2015. The destinations were Dalarna and Västmanland. Past missions have visited Borås-Gothenburg, Småland and Kiruna-Luleå.

The Royal Technology Tour involves two days of field trips and seminars. Joining H.M. the King are individuals from the private and public sectors and from academia. The 2015 delegation was led by IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson.

NE T WORKS & E XCHANGE

ÖVERL IGGARE

ECONOMICS AND ENTERPR ISE

There is a more positive attitude towards entrepreneurs today. More young people see starting their own enterprise as a possibility. New interactions between small enterprises and big corporations are leading to innovative solutions. The challenge for Sweden is to retain its big corporations and help more small businesses to grow. Sweden’s attractiveness could be better. IVA is working on this.

ÖVERL IGGARE

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Entrepreneurs’ idea and initiatives are building our prosperity

The public debate should be based on facts, not opinions. And researchers needed to be part of the discussion.

This is what Pontus Braunerhjelm says – and he practices what he preaches. Numerous articles by him have been published in daily newspapers and scientific journals and he is the author of a number of books.

Pontus Braunerhjelm is an economist with a particular interest in entrepreneurship and international issues.

Appropriately, he is Research Director at the Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum and Head of the Department of Industrial Eco-nomics and Management at the Royal Insti-tute of Technology (KTH). According to the university website, this is where science and technology meet management and economics.

“But IVA is a good forum for that as well,” he says.

This professor of entrepreneurship’s involve-ment does not stop at research and writing. Governments of various colours have appoint-ed him to head committees more than once. The Globalisation Council is one example. The now ongoing Entrepreneurship Committee is another.

Do all of these government commissions and committees have any real impact?

“Yes they do. But sometimes it takes a long time. A lot of political groundwork is needed before the speaker can bring down the gavel.”

frOm Time TO Time there is what Pontus calls an “open window” when a proposal can be rushed through. But the results of the ur-gent refugee issue now being examined will not be on the table until 2017. That is a little perplexing. The suspicion that government commissions can be a way to, at least for the moment, set aside difficult issues is not entirely irrelevant.

What is definitely relevant – not just for economists but for all of us – is the Swedish economy. Are the coffers empty or are they be-ing filled?

“The economy is in good shape. Govern-ment funding to take care of refugees is one thing that, at least in the short term, has stimulated the economy. In the longer term it will depend on how successfully they are in-tegrated.”

“Swedish industry has taken advantage of international opportunities. And domestic consumption is high. Success in Germany is also an important factor. Sweden is doing well in relation to other innovation-driven coun-tries.”

But Norway may be the f ly in the export ointment if low oil prices persist.

There are also other less positive aspects worth paying attention to, according to Pon-tus Braunerhjelm.

“In other small innovative countries, such as the Netherlands and Switzerland, the number

ABOUT PONTUS BRAUNERHJELM

Pontus Braunerhjelm is an economics professor and Head of the Department of Industrial Economics and Management at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH).

He has previous served as Deputy Director of the Research Institute of Industrial Economics and the Centre of Business and Policy Studies (SNS). Pontus is Research Director at the Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum and has been its Managing Director since 2014.

Several Swedish governments have appointed him to head government committees/councils. The Government’s Globalisation Council and the ongoing Entrepreneurship Committee are two examples.

In 2009 he was elected into IVA’s Division XI Education and Research Policy. He is a member of the Steering Committee for the Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project and he became Vice Chairman of IVA in January 2016.

»Modern growth is built on knowledge, education and research – but essentially on individuals.«

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of employees in key industries like pharmaceu-ticals and telecom is rising. The reverse is true in Sweden. Why is that?

The fact that multinational companies want to be close to their big markets is one explanation. But another troublesome reason could very well be that the talent advanced companies need in order to expand is in short supply in Sweden.”

After all, a lot has happened since IVA in 1997 ran the “Ljusåret” (Lightyear) project aimed at placing entrepre-neurship and innovation on the agenda. At that time is was almost an insult to be called an entrepre-neur or business owner.

“Since then attitudes have evolved in the right direction. And a number or real super-entrepre-neurs have emerged in Sweden. Niklas Zennström is one example. And some have become wealthy without offending anyone. The vi-sion of an entrepreneur is clearly radically different now.”

zennsTröm’s sKype is just one example of a successful new enterprise. Spotify and Klarna are also on the list. But none of these new companies intends to mass-employ labour.

The policy-makers have not really kept up. Pontus Braunerhjelm thinks the political pro-cess is sluggish.

“Tax levels and structures are putting the brakes on enterprises that want to expand. Labour market regulations, such as LAS (Act on Security of Employment), are a problem. We need the same ground rules as the coun-tries we are competing with.”

When the IT bubble burst about a decade and a half ago many investors had shares that became worthless, but they were still taxed at their initial value.

“Politicians don’t have great tools to sup-port growing enterprises. Employee stock options are a good example of something that can keep payroll taxes down for companies in need of specialist expertise.”

Compared to enterprises in other inno-vation-driven countries, new, small Swedish companies are not good at internationalisa-tion. On the other hand, more and more com-

panies are starting to see themselves as born global.

“In general small businesses in Sweden have low growth ambitions. They are simply not that inclined to employ people. On the plus side, they have f lat organisations and struc-tures. An efficient public sector is also an asset. Corruption is low and the natural environment is clean. Together this makes a good quality of life possible. But companies are not very bold.”

access TO venTure capital is not what is keeping small businesses from expanding. There is plenty to go around. Except at the point a compa-ny’s growth is about to really take off.

“But if companies don’t want to grow, the demand for venture capital will be fairly low.”

Research on entrepreneurship could be a helpful tool to support growth in small entrepreneur-run businesses.

“We can contribute insights on what people can learn from success

stories and about which institutions and regu-lations are important. Above all we can con-stantly reinforce the fact that it is individuals who are the most important component in growing companies and growth in general. Everything starts with an idea from a person. Take Steve Jobs: It’s his fault that we’re all walking around with our faces pointing to the ground.”

»We are just at the beginning of a big restructuring process.

Many companies in the IT bubble had the right idea but

their timing was off. Now the technical possibilities are

finally available.«


MEETINGS: ECONOMICS AND ENTERPRISE

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Ingvar Kamprad is another obvious example of the power of a one-person idea.

“Many people have nice things to say about entrepreneurs. But in practice the situation is not as good. Modern growth is built on knowledge, education and research – but essentially on individuals. Companies, including the big ones, are made up of indi-viduals.”

People need jobs to go to. Automation, ro-bots and artificial intelligence machines as well as international competition may lead to big changes in the labour market.

But Pontus Braunerhjelm does not predict mass unemployment.

“Despite past transformation in areas such as off-the-peg clothing, manufacturing and shipbuilding, the number of jobs has in-creased. Intelligent machines will not replace huge amounts of jobs, instead they will create new types of jobs. More programmers will be needed.”

Software will find its way into more and more areas. A company in Hong Kong has elected an artificial intelligence tool to its board of directors.

“Telephone inventor Graham Bell said that people could now sit at home and work. We have always underestimated the power of new technology to create jobs.”

3D printers can lead to re-industrialisation of old industrial nations. That could affect the

global economy. Proximity, short series and customisation.

“We are just at the beginning of a big re-structuring process. Many companies in the IT bubble had the right idea but their timing was off. Now the technical possibilities are fi-nally available.”

Increased mobility between regions is also impacting the job market. Innovation and en-trepreneurship increase when people relocate often. Research shows that companies in the cities people are moving into are the winners. Companies that lose employees will actually be winners too, although to a lesser extent.

“Matching on the job market will quite sim-ply get better.”

Innovation is the key concept in all of this. But an innovative idea is not innovation.

“An innovation must be able to be linked to something that is of value to the economy in some way. The traffic roundabout is an exam-ple of an innovation.”

No value, no innovation. A new business model might be an innovation. Or people dis-covering a need they didn’t realise they had.

designing sysTems TO generate innovation can in itself be innovative.

“For policy-makers an innovation system is a nice idea. They like creating systems. At first there was no word for entrepreneurship when people talked about it. There were no incen-

tives for innovation either. This reflects the differences between economic theories about what drives growth.”

The classic school of thought assumes that monetary, financial and structural policies lead to growth. Others think that an idea in a person’s head is the most important thing. That is what brings growth.

Regardless of how economic growth is cre-ated, one thing is certain: Nothing other than sustainable growth is acceptable.

“Sustainable growth is not created by re-placing your kitchen every three years. Con-sumption of fewer but more expensive prod-ucts provides the desired result. Increased consumption of environmentally sound ser-vices, such as culture and the experience in-dustry’s offering, also has positive, sustainable economic effects.”

Owning Things is increasingly being ques-tioned. The circular economy means having access to a thing without owning it.

“The sharing economy is creating new busi-ness models. So is material circulation, i.e. re-cycling. But how do we recycle products made from new materials like graphene? Do we have the expertise for that?”

Pontus will get back to us with an answer to that. The circular economy and its conse-quences are among the issues he is looking into on behalf of the Government.

20 January – GothenburgWill Sub-Saharan Africa be the next economic miracle?Seminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council in cooperation with IVA West

29 January – StockholmIncreased Regional AttractivenessSeminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth

10 March – StockholmAvicii – a Swedish export successBreakfast meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Execu-tives Council with Avicii co-founder, Ash Pournouri

21 May – StockholmBreakfast meeting with Sonat Burman-Olsson, CoopBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council

20 October – StockholmLocal competitiveness in a globalised world – What are the success factors?Seminar – IVA and ESBRI

18 November – StockholmInnovative chemical engineering companies – What do they need to do to be world class?Hearing – Division IV Chemical Engineering, IKEM and SISP

ÖVERL IGGARE

PEOPLE PROVIDING INSPIRATION UNDER PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOWSHIP PROGRAMME

Niklas Adalberth, Melker Andersson, Kenneth Bengtsson, Staffan Bohman, Marie Bredberg, Mia Brunell Livfors, Susanna Campbell, Alessandro Catenacci, Jacob de Geer, Daniel Ek, Saeid Esmaeilzadeh, Olof Faxander, Lina Gebäck, Stina Honkamaa Bergfors, Elin Kling, Filippa Knutsson, Sebastian Knutsson, Kristina Lindhe, Monica Lindstedt, Lisa Lindström, Martin Lorentzon, Håkan Lundstedt, Alan Mamedi, Susanne Najafi, Bert Nordberg, Anna Omstedt Lindgren, Lena Patriksson Keller, Fredrik Persson, Karl-Johan Persson, Mikael Schiller, Sebastian Siemiatkowski, Johan Skarborg, Cristina Stenbeck, Anna Stenberg, Anders Sundström, Filip Tysander, Hans Vestberg, Renée Voltaire, Gunilla von Platen, Caroline Walerud, Carl-Gustaf Wachtmeister, Nami Zarringhalam and Niklas Zennström.

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Niklas Zennström, Gunilla von Platen, Lisa Lindström and Filip Tysander.

Round table conversation with Prince Daniel, Johan Skarborg and Marcus Wallenberg.

Monica Lindstedt, Melker Andersson and Renée Voltaire.


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Karlskrona 21 September

The Prince inspires the young to entrepreneurship

IVA’s Wallenberg Auditorium was packed on the occasion of the second Prince Daniel’s Day of Entrepreneurship. Around

one hundred invited young entrepreneurs from the whole of Sweden gathered to be inspired by some of Sweden’s super-entrepreneurs.

Conversations and networking took place in IVA’s corridors, rooms and all available spaces during the day. And there were of course round table discussions and farewell speeches for the first group of mentor/mentee pairs who had been working together for two years. Seven new pairings were presented on the stage. A two-year journey has begun for these entrepreneurs. They all have relatively new companies, but ones which are estab-

lished in a market and are aiming for growth and development.

The project was launched in January 2013 in Västerås and is now in its third year. The first year a total of seven events took place around the country. In 2014 six school and university visits were arranged and the Entrepreneurship Day was premiered. In 2015 the ambitions grew: a total of nine visits took place from Östersund in the north to Karlskrona in the south.

The project is assisted by about 40 entre-preneurs and business leaders who act as men-tors. In 2015 several new names were added, including Lisa Lindström (Doberman), Stina Honkamaa Bergfors (United Screens) and Saeid Esmaeilzadeh (Serendipity).

ABOUT PRINCE DANIEL’S FELLOW SHIP AND ENTREPRE-NEURSHIP PROGRAMME

The purpose of the programme is to encourage young people to be entrepreneurs. The programme gathers entrepreneurs and business leaders to provide inspiration and mentorship. They bring their experience and knowledge to upper secondary schools and universities where they meet young people and inspire them to become entrepreneurs and mentor selected candidates under the project’s mentoring programme to become successful business leaders.

Prince Daniel is Honorary Chairman. Marcus Wallenberg has been Chairman of the Steering Committee since 2015.

Kalmar 2 December

Östersund 21 May

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Investment company Investor does not need a new strategy, but rather a refined struc-ture for its operations. This was emphasised

by Johan Forssell at an IVA breakfast meeting. He has worked for Investor for the past 20 years, serving as President and CEO since 2015.

The company’s new structure has three parts: key holdings of large listed companies, the investment company EQT and wholly owned companies under the name Patricia Industries.

Johan Forssell would like to see the number of wholly owned companies grow. Traditional

risk capital ownership with an exit timeframe of just a few years is not his value creation model.

“We buy to own and manage for decades. Building up the portfolio with wholly owned companies generates cash flow,” he said.

Investors’ CEO believes in active ownership. Serving on boards is a tool for that.

“Through the boards we can make sure that companies have the right CEO and goals. But we don’t tell them how to solve a problem. That’s the responsibility of executive manage-ment,” said Johan Forssell.

Tourism and agriculture can generate growth far away from fast growing metropolises. There is great potential.

But poor infrastructure and regulations de-signed for big business are putting the brakes on growth.

Big cities are the places that mainly attract foreign tourists. But there are exceptions.

Close to eight out of ten guests at the Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi are from other countries.

“Now we’re enclosing the hotel inside a structure so that it can be there in the sum-mer months as well,” said Yngve Bergkvist at an IVA Business Executives Council seminar.

A solar cell park will generate the electricity needed to keep the hotel ice cold.

If the tourist industry is to grow, it needs to be easy to get to and from destinations outside big cities. This was pointed out by Skistar’s CEO Mats Årjes.

Simplified regulations, less bureaucracy and investment in rural infrastructure are among the things that will make that easier, accord-ing to Maud Olofsson, Chairman of Visita, the industry association for the Swedish hospital-ity sector.

Agriculture and food are also industries that are generating growth outside big cities.

Although rural industries have great po-tential, there are some challenges as well. A study by Boston Consulting shows this. A lot of businesses are starting up but are finding it hard to grow. Profitability is normally lower than for big city companies. Rural businesses also find it harder to secure funding to develop inno vations.

The way to generate growth beyond big cities

He buys to own and manage for decades

Yngve Bergkvist, Maud Olofsson, Mats Årjes and Cecilia Schelin Seidegård.

Johan Forssell.


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Businesses and society need to become more attractive and competitive. Swe-den therefore needs to use its strong

ability to cooperate across party lines and other boundaries. These were the words of Minister for Enterprise and Innovation Mikael Damberg when he received a report describing key factors to increase attractive-ness and competitiveness.

The report was produced by the project At-tractiveness for Sustainable Growth for which Carl Bennet is Chairman. The report contains an eight-point agenda for the future and is based on proposals in areas that will determine Swe-den’s future competitiveness.

Johan Carlstedt, Project Director. What happens now?

“The next stage is to push the proposals and follow up to see if they are being implemented. We intend to continue focusing on education,

talent supply, infrastructure, taxes linked to welfare and on efforts to create a more innova-tion-friendly public sector. We also hope that the report can be used by others to discuss these issues which are critical to our future.”

What format will your work take?“It will be a combination of seminars, hear-

ings and round table discussions. We are also in direct contact with the Riksdag, government and ministries.”

In the spring you presented a report un-der the heading “Mobilisation to Increase Regional Attractiveness.” Does the pro-ject still have a regional perspective?

“Absolutely. In spring 2016 we will report on the work of our four top gun teams, who are addressing the issue of how to use differ-ent resources – especially those from the public sector innovation support system – to support

an area that has the potential to be developed into an area of excellence. We will also address the question of how Sweden should market its strengths, in particular the areas of excel-lence we are working on. We believe that we need market research that is far more target-oriented.”

The project will conclude in 2016. What are you hoping to have achieved by then?

“A number of things. We will have helped raise awareness about the attractiveness issue, which is increasingly important in a globalised world. We will also take the temperature in a number of areas to see if Sweden is on the right path to be more competitive. And we will have put the spotlight on what is required of innova-tive environments where areas of excellence can be developed. We will also have initiated efforts to tailor the way Sweden is marketed to really promote the emerging areas of excellence.”

Eight points that will determine Sweden’s attractiveness

ABOUT ATTRACTIVENESS FOR SUSTAINABLE GROWTH

The purpose of the project is to increase awareness about what new international competition resulting from globalisation means for Sweden. It will also address the issue of how Sweden can attract capital, talent and, in particular, foreign investment.

There are seven focus areas: education, research, infrastructure, business climate, housing and living environment, culture and the public sector.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Carl Bennet.


Mikael Damberg and Carl Bennet.

HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD

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Lauded progress blogger extolls the virtue of taking it slowly

Blogger and Dagens Nyheter (DN) jour-nalist Anders Bolling is receiving IVA’s new award for scientific journalism:

the Hans Bergström Award. He is not one for headlines. Anders Bolling extolls the virtue of taking it slowly in his thoughtful Framstegs-blogg (Progress Blog) at dn.se.

“My blog is about breaking the journalistic dramaturgy which is based on the idea that the news is negative. Instead I try to describe what is actually happening in the world. His blog was born from a book project published in 2009 called Apokalypsens gosiga mörker (The Apocalypse’s Comfy Darkness).

The book is a lot about a dilemma in the media which Anders calls “selling all the mis-ery in the world cheaply.” This is why problems often become news. It is easy to create head-lines from conflicts and black and white per-spectives. To make sure you are first you almost have to write about the problems before they have actually happened.

Journalists often sell misery cheaply and an-ticipate problems.

“That’s why there’s so much use of ‘threat of,’ ‘risk for’ and ‘could be’ in the headlines,” he says.

He wanted to continue focusing on this af-ter the book and started his own blog. But not

many people were reading it at first. In autumn 2011 the Progress Blog became part of dn.se. He has written a total of 150 blog posts. When the eye-catching headlines are forgotten and the alarm has stopped sounding, he uses statistics and graphics to search for an alternative view of the world. It could be a report from Unicef telling us that child mortality in the world has fallen by 50 percent over the past 20 years. Or that the deserts are no longer growing as much as the experts had predicted.

“These facts might be obvious to anyone following these issues. That’s why they’re only afforded a short paragraph. When I see these brief news items, I try to dig deeper to find any ‘signs of light’,” says Anders.

The Jury was headed by Professor Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA, and consisted of associate professor in political science, Hans Berström, former Editor-in-Chief for Dagens Nyheter and long-time head of Science Radio (Vetenskapsradion) honorary Doctor of Medi-cine Jan-Olov Johansson, publicist and honor-ary PhD Mats Svegfors, former Editor-in-Chief of Svenska Dagbladet and CEO of Sveriges Radio and Professor Lena Treschow Torell, former President and Chairman of IVA.

ABOUT THE HANS BERGSTRÖM AWARD

IVA’s award for scientific journalism – the Hans Bergström Award – was instituted to recognise a scientific approach in the media and for excellent journalism in science, technology, innovation and entrepreneurship – in a tradition of informing, educating, explaining in detail, integrity and a belief in the future. The nomination is open and anyone working in the media as well as the general public can suggest candidates for the award.

The amount awarded is SEK 100,000.

ÖVERL IGGARE

ENERGY

More renewable energy and increasing the use of electricity as an energy carrier are key for a fossil-free society. Extremely low oil prices and the capacity tax on Swedish fossil-free electricity production are challenging the possibility of transformation. Electricity Crossroads is creating insights on and providing proposals for the electricity system of the future.

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ENERGY

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Energy is a key issue for society as a whole, especially since the beginning of the last century. Without a secure

and adequate supply of energy there would be a short supply of jobs, prosperity and faith in the future. Not a lot has changed over the past 100 years. Except, of course, that the kinds of energy and technology are different now, and the climate and the environment have entered the equation. We are aware of the importance of sustainability and the possibilities the fledg-ling sharing economy can offer – both in Swe-den and globally.

Like the rest of us, politicians and business-es have a responsibility and an opportunity to ensure that the society of the future is built on sustainable foundations.

Research, innovation and technical ingenu-ity are not sufficient as tools to make that hap-pen. Development must incorporate sustain-able values – and people who turn them into practical applications.

In 2015 CEO of ABB Sweden, Johan Söder-ström, received the Sustainable Leadership Award from the Swedish Association for Sustainable Business. He is Chairman of Teknikföretagen and also a member of the board of the Confederation of Swedish Enter-prise. He is ranked one of Sweden’s top envi-ronmental powerhouses. Uppsala University has granted him an honorary doctorate and in

2012 he was named Årets Västeråsare (Västerås Citizen of the Year).

It makes sense that Johan Söderström – both personally and as head of ABB – is in-volved in developing a sustainable society.

“But I’m only one member of a team. I’m fortunate enough to be able to work with extremely talented colleagues in a company where sustainability is always at the top of the agenda. The more we do the more we learn, and it’s important to always be humble and work on getting better. ABB’s culture and val-ues, which focus on sustainability, health and safety, ethics and the environment etc., fit well into this. Our products, systems and service solutions make a difference in these areas,” he says.

aBB is One of the world leaders in transport-ing and efficiently using electricity as an en-ergy carrier. More electricity produced from fossil-free sources is an important factor in keeping climate change in check.

“But new energy will not solve the entire climate problem. The climate issue is part of a much broader environmental one. It has, for example, a lot to do with access to clean air and water. We need to reduce emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere and oceans. Companies everywhere in the world need to take their full responsibility for this.”

Swedish industry gearing up for electric traffic on the roads

ABOUT JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM

Johan Söderström has an MSc in Engineering and has been CEO of ABB Sweden since 2011. He has held several executive positions within ABB where he has worked since 1986.

Johan is the Chairman of Teknikföretagen and Vice Chairman of the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise. He has an honorary doctorate from Uppsala University and in 2015 received the Sustainable Leadership Award from the Swedish Association for Sustainable Business. Johan has been a member of IVA Division II Electrical Engineering since 2013.

»It’s not possible to say whether the scale of electricity production in the future will be large or small. It will be a combination, depending on the local conditions. Consumers will be producers.«

ENERGY

MEETINGS: ENERGY

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In Sweden electricity is largely produced without any input of fossil fuels. But too many cars on the roads have petrol or diesel in their tanks. Johan Söderström therefore sees the benefits of electrifying the transport sector.

“We need to develop vehicles so that Swe-den, with brands like Scania, Volvo, Autoliv, Ericsson, ABB and many others, is at an ad-vantage. We need to drive development from hybrid cars to purely electric ones.”

unfOrTunaTely, There is a catch 22 for electric cars. The price is too high at the same time as the charging infrastructure is poor.

“In Norway and the Netherlands they have come much farther. Electric cars are heavily subsidised in Norway. Perhaps better subsidies are necessary in the short term to speed up de-velopment.”

The CEO of ABB Sweden would like to see more electric company cars. But long driving distances and a lack of charging stations is the spanner in the works for that ambition.

Fully electric commercial vehicles are also something we will have to wait for. But partial solutions, such as electricity from overhead lines, like for trains, or electrified strips on roads are being tested.

Electric city buses are already a reality.

“Big investments are being made in our cities. In Gothenburg the first electric bus route was launched last summer. They have even tested an indoor bus stop there, inside a library.”

Johan Söderström points out that Gothen-burg’s sustainable electric buses are the result of collaboration involving numerous parties – the municipality, businesses, universities and government agencies.

“Large trans-sector partnerships are Swe-den’s recipe for success. I’m optimistic about this trend. This is a good thing for Sweden and it gives us good export opportunities.”

Naturally, ABB is involved in developing charging infrastructure – both conventional technology and inductive.

Running vehicles of all kinds on electricity is the way to a climate-smart future. But the electricity needs to be produced in a way that guarantees a constant and reliable supply.

Swedish electricity production is essentially fossil-free.

“The low price combined with the capacity tax is a problem. If nuclear power disappears too soon it will be difficult to guarantee a re-liable supply and producing electricity may result in more climate gases. Swedish nuclear power is safe and reliable.”

Johan Söderström hopes that the Govern-

ment and the Energy Commission will act quickly and that the relevant industrial com-panies with have a say. Secure basic energy is essential and wind power is hardly a suitable option in this context.

“Right now we have good power reserves. But energy production that is more intermit-tent will make us dependent on other coun-tries and our international ties will be more important.”

ABB is developing products and systems for all conceivable production technologies. But Johan Söderström believes that in Sweden hydro power is the greenest source.

“If we can preserve the biological diversity surrounding hydropower, it is the best option for basic energy. We are going to live up to that.”

We could get electricity from water in more of Sweden’s rivers. Wave power, for which pilot products are currently under way on the west coast, is one alternative. Underwater currents and tides are other potential energy sources.

wind pOwer, parTicularly the offshore kind, is an obvious component in the technol-ogy mix that will make sure electricity keeps coming out of the two holes in the wall.

“A lot of improvements could be made to offshore wind power. Floating power plants, instead of those fixed to the seabed, are be-ing discussed in Norway and elsewhere. And they’re good at wind power in Denmark. This could be a successful Nordic initiative.”

But land-based wind power will, of course, still be around in the future.

The sun is clearly the ultimate energy source.

Subsidies have given a strong boost to solar in Germany.

“Many people were against solar energy sub-sidies, but it has at least resulted in cheap and reliable solar panels, and energy production from the sun has been growing the fastest in recent years globally. Where it’s suitable, the sun is a fantastic sourse of electricity.”

One area that is suitable is North Africa. There, ABB is involved in Desertec, a project that would give the countries in the region and in Europe a big dose of green energy.

“Unfortunately this has not developed as far

17 March – StockholmWhat will determine Sweden’s future electricity usage – current status and forecastsSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

14 April – StockholmImpact of new technology on electricity usageSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

15 April – GothenburgNatural gas, biogas and LNG – important for West Sweden’scompetitiveness!Seminar – IVA West

19 May – StockholmEnergy policy crossroadsSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

25 August – StockholmRenewable energy – international trends and challengesSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project in cooperation with the Swedish Energy Agency

13 October – MalmöHeadwinds for wind power – perspective from VestasBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Anders Runevad, Vestas

45

as we had hoped. Political unrest in the region has made it much more difficult.”

anOTher, mOre specTacular solar en-ergy project, Solar Impulse, shows more prom-ise. Last year the solar plane completed a major portion of a planned around-the-world trip us-ing only solar energy.

“When Solar Impulse was presented ABB, with our CEO Ulrich Spiesshofer leading the way, quickly decided that the company should be involved. It’s a groundbreaking project that shows the potential of solar energy and it’s pro-viding tremendous inspiration about what’s possible. We hope to see the plane landing in Sweden one day.”

Regardless of how energy is used, more collaboration between European countries would be a good way of en-suring access to renewable energy.

“The development headed by Gunnar Asplund with his colleagues at ABB in Ludvika to transfer high voltage di-rect current and his vision of connected grids, are slowing advancing in Europe and parts of Africa.

Nordlink, a powerful direct current cable between Norway and Germany, is about to be built. It will give Germany hydropower, a good source of balance power.

“It’s a good thing that the connections are increasing. It’s creating the conditions for

Europe to investment more in wind power production where the wind blows the most and in solar energy in areas with the strongest sunshine.”

Stored energy will also play an important role in moving energy – on a small scale and a large scale in time rather than geographically.

This will simplify the use of solar and wind. Johan Söderström is certain that many new

powerful transmission networks will be built around the world. But at the opposite end of the spectrum, microgrids will also be very im-portant in countries without a power grid.

“So it’s not possible to say whether the scale of electricity production in the future will be large or small. It will be a combination, de-

pending on the local conditions. Consumers will be producers.”

And grids will be smarter. Who hasn’t heard about smart grids?

“They’re already quite good. But distribu-tion plants are being developed as well as con-trol systems for them. IT solutions will make it

possible to match supply with demand.” Several pilot projects for this are be-

ing run in Sweden. No matter how energy is produced

or how smart and well-developed a grid is, it is still wise to economise with the resources. Using energy efficiently is the trend right now.

“The Nordic paper industry is prob-ably the best in the world at energy ef-ficiency solutions and is working all the time on improvements. It’s the same in the mining industry. But industries around the world could do more. If all pumps, compressors and fans had en-ergy efficient engines with regulated rotational speed, we could save as much

energy as was produced in the whole of the EU in 2013. That would be good for the climate.”

“The equipment of the future in the indus-try and in grids will of course be connected to the internet. Smart sensors will keep track of how they’re doing and send alerts when it’s time for maintenance or upgrades,” says Johan Söderström, who sees ABB becoming more ori-ented towards software and service.

»The low price combined with the capacity tax is a

problem. If nuclear power disappears too soon it will be difficult to guarantee

a reliable supply and producing electricity may

result in more climate gases.«

46

Fuel cells for fossil-free transport

Participants at a seminar in March ar-ranged by IVA in cooperation with the Chemical Society of Japan, Japan

Society for the Promotion of Science, Sweden-Japan Foundation and the Embassy of Japan learnt about Toyota’s plans for its fuel cell vehicles (FCV).

Koichi Kojima is responsible for the compa-ny’s fuel cell programme. The expectations are high that Toyota will take a leading role in the

world in FCV development, just as the car giant did with its hybrids. The technology is still at the heart of Toyota’s investment in the future.

“It’s hard to know what will be the fuel of the future. That’s why we’re studying and ex-ploring various alternatives at Toyota,” he said.

Fuel cells have advantages at medium and long distances: They have high energy density, can be quickly refuelled and there are no car-bon emissions.

Toyota is working on lowering manufactur-ing costs for its fuel cell vehicle, Mirai, and has given free access to almost all of the patent licenses for the important fuel cell technology found in it. 5,680 patents – including for stacks, tanks and control systems – were released in January 2015 until 2020. The reason is simple:

“We want to help boost the market to pro-mote the construction of more hydrogen fuel-ling stations,” said Koichi Kojima.

Large-scale hydropower is the biggest los-er in terms of taxes, fees, subsidies and exceptions. Small, solar units connect-

ed to the grid are the big winners, according to a study from Electricity Crossroads carried out by Erica Edfeldt and Niclas Damsgaard of Sweco. They have worked out how seven poli-tically legislated taxes, fees and subsidies will actually affect Swedish electricity production.

Calculated per kWh, the net effect will be a cost of nine öre (SEK 0.09) for large-scale hydro power. On the other hand, small-scale solar, which also delivers electricity to the grid, will receive SEK 1.67 in support for every kWh.

“There are big variations in the effects of government taxes and fees on different types of electricity production,” said Erica Edfeldt when the study was presented.

Small-scale solar energy is the winner in taxes and subsidies

ABOUT ELECTRICITY CROSSROADS

The project is preparing reports and analysis to inform Sweden’s energy policy and drive the energy debate, incorporating new perspectives. The project consists of the Steering Committee and five work groups. Bo Normark is Chairman of the Steering Committee. The project period for Electricity Crossroads is 2014–2016.

Niclas Damsgaard, Jan Nordling and Erica Edfeldt.

47

Hopeful about

renewable energy

Adnan Amin, Director-General of

the International Renewable En-ergy Agency (IRENA), talks about

the explosive development in renewable en-ergy in recent years. He believes it is possible to reach the UN goal of double the amount of renewable energy by 2030.

“After many years of discussion about clean energy, we have been seeing a real revo-lution globally over the past five to six years. Despite the decline in the global economy, renewable energy sources continue to grow,” says Adnan Amin, who visited Sweden and IVA in August.

IRENA has more than 170 member na-tions. The organisation was founded in 2009 for the purpose of promoting renew-able energy in various ways.

“We are seeing more and more examples in the world, particularly in developing countries where the cost of producing elec-tricity from renewable energy sources is in many cases lower or on a par with conven-tional types of energy,” says Adnan Amin.

The climate issue is a major challenge for the whole world. Renewable energy has a key role to play in reducing global carbon emissions. Up to now much effort has been put into the electricity side – the propor-tion of renewable electricity production has exceeded 30 percent.

In Sweden the situation for renewable energy is good, according to Adnan Amin, thanks, among other things, to a deregu-lated electricity market and various stimu-lus packages. He hopes that Sweden in the future will be part of an EU-wide energy union.

ENERGY

Adnan Amin.

48

Innovative Bavaria inspires

At the beginning of the autumn

the Industrial Research Commit-tee (IRC) went on its annual trip

abroad, this time to Munich and Heidelberg in southern Germany.

During a well-planned week the thirteen delegates managed to visit ten or so loca-tions, the first ones in the company of Swe-den’s new Ambassador to Germany, Lars Danielsson. On the agenda was a chance for the group to learn more about Germany’s well-developed institute system at Fraun-hofer, test small-scale innovation in prac-tice at a microbrewery, take a guided tour through the 10 sq km site of chemicals com-pany BASF and experience creative start-up environments at UnternehmerTUM (Tech-nical University of Munich).

The discussions following each visit were lively and the participants left with many impressions as they returned to their respec-tive workplaces.

ABOUT IRC

The Industrial Research Committee (IRC) consists of 15 individuals who are actively involved in R&D and innovation. They are elected for a three-year period.

The IRC has been taking an annual week-long field trip to another country since the committee was formed in 1970. The first trip was to the east coast of the USA, in 2014 the Committee travelled to USA’s west coast and in 2015 the destination was southern Germany.

Peter Holmstedt is Chairman for the period 2014–2016.


49

The potential for growth in Sub-Saha-ran African nations has improved sig-nificantly, according to Sweden’s for-

mer Minister for Finance, Anders Borg, who spoke at a seminar arranged by IVA’s Africa Programme Council. The growth rate is 6–7 percent annually.

“By 2050 40 percent of all young people in the world will be in Africa. Africa is part of our future and can be an engine for Europe.”

Raw materials are still very important to the economies of African nations.

“Africa will attract low-wage industries such as the textile industry. The conditions will be tough, but this will drive more development.”

Anders Borg said he can see a path towards

democratisation. The number of conflicts has in fact gone down since the 1990s.

“The heads of the central banks have done a good job in sorting out the macro-economy of the countries and there have been many inter-national direct investments in infrastructure.”

There are numerous reasons for the positive trend. Agricultural reform is one factor. A sig-nificant increase in the use of mobile phones and telecommunication is another. In 2000 2 percent of the population had mobile phones. Eleven years later the figure was 50 percent.

“Farmers can use their mobiles to look up the market price for their products so that they don’t just have to accept any price of-fered,” says Anders Borg.

In spring 2015 IVA was one of five academies to help found the Algerian Science and Technology Academy (Asta).

IVA took part in the selection process for Asta’s first members. Out of just over 430 can-

didates, 46 were considered the most quali-fied to be the new academy’s first members. Academia, business and industry, homeland and diaspora are all represented among the 46 members, 22 of whom are women.

The head of the delegation was Catherine Brechignac, Permanent Secretary of the French Academy of Sciences, who handed over the list of names to Algeria’s Minister for Edu-cation and Research.

Algeria’s academy joins the international network

Africa can be the engine for growth in Europe

Anders Borg.

ÖVERL IGGARE

EDUC ATION AND RESE ARCH

A supply of talent is crucial for Sweden’s growth. Our universities are under new pressure. They will have an important role to play in the lifelong learning of their students. The skillsets that new arrivals bring with them to Sweden must be put to good use – fast. IVA is focusing on future-oriented issues relating to talent supply and research.

ÖVERL IGGARE

50–51


52

Digitalisation requires new skills and univer-sities with a strong international reputation

A tremendous social transformation is not only knocking at the door, it has more than one foot inside the door of

the mass-producing industrial society that has been the norm until – well, just recently. Of this, Ulf Ewaldsson, Group CTO and Head of Technology and Research at Ericsson, is cer-tain.

“We’re already dependent on, or even con-trolled by, our smartphones,” he says.

But it is more than the ubiquitous mobile phones that have opened his eyes to the huge transformation going on.

“We’ve talked about the information soci-ety for decades. The World Wide Web and the internet came in the 1990s. The new economy turned everything upside down. At that time people grossly overestimated the possibilities of technology. But now the information soci-ety is about to be implemented. And there will be consequences – big ones.”

he predicTs ThaT it will be dramatic for all industrial companies – regardless of sector. There are several reasons why society is about to enter a new phase, but not since the indus-trial revolution at the end of the 1700s has

technology played such a big role in the way society is developing.

Digitalisation, cloud-based applications, data centres, fast broadband, mobility and at-titudes to it are driving this development.

“It’s leading to a gigantic skills transforma-tion in the same way as mass production cre-ated the consumer society.”

When society becomes dependent on cloud-based solutions for more and more things, such as medical journals, the need for relevant and robust infrastructure increases.

“We need to mobilise our collective national capacity in order to manage this. The universi-ties of technology have an important mission here. And the Government’s mandate for edu-cation and research must be aligned with this.”

One essential component in the informa-tion society is knowledge. A good citizen is one armed with knowledge. Without knowledge, information is meaningless. If we look up the word carbon in Wikipedia, we can read that carbon is an element with atomic number six. What good is that information without knowledge?

“It’s a mistake to believe that Google can replace lifelong learning. Schools need to give

ABOUT ULF EWALDSSON

Ulf Ewaldsson, MSc Eng, started at Ericsson in 1990. Since 2012 he has served as Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer, a job that has included overseeing Ericsson’s 5G development.

Ulf is a member of the Board of Lund University and of the European Cloud Partnership Steering Board. He has been a member of Division XII Information Technology since 2015 and is a member of the Steering Committee for Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth.

»Universities will be in contact with their graduates throughout their professional lives to offer them the latest knowledge.«

ÖVERL IGGARE

53

54

us basic knowledge. You can’t surf to get that. Fact-based knowledge is essential.”

Since the amount of information available is rapidly and constantly growing, the need for more knowledge is also increasing.

Universities will need to have very long re-lationships with their students to satisfy that need.

“Universities will be in contact with their graduates throughout their professional lives to offer them the latest knowledge.”

ulf ewaldssOn dOes not believe for a minute that university cam-puses will disappear and be replaced by MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses).

“No, that form of education will not tear down any campuses. Stu-dents want to belong to a class where they’re physically present. And people learn a lot during coffee breaks as well. It’s in the many physical meetings in a stimulating educational environment that ideas for the next start-up or research project are born. On the contrary, MOOCs can attract more people to attend university.”

Ericsson’s CTO believes that Swedish uni-versities provide a high calibre education.

“From a quality perspective, new engineer-ing graduates have a good education. But more businesses are now realising that they need to recruit engineering graduates. One problem

is that too few women want to become engi-neers. The information society needs them. It’s dange rous for the technology transformation and development to be unisex. It’s important for universities to attract more women to their engineering programmes.”

Ericsson’s goal is to have a workforce with 30 percent female employees no later than 2020. Diversity is a competitive advantage and a leadership issue.

Diversity is more than a question of gender. The knowledge and skills possessed by immi-grants and refugees are resources that Sweden is missing out on.

“Here in Sweden we are essentially forcing people who have a foreign education to do it all over again before they can start to work. That’s totally wrong. Nurturing the skills brought into this country is really important. Perhaps they could take a couple of supplemen-tary courses, but Swedish industry needs the engineers entering the country.”

The qualification validation process takes

far too long at the moment. Knowledge is a perishable item in the information society.

Ulf Ewaldsson thinks that Swedish higher education works well but, as we all know, good can always be better.

“We should look more closely at education systems in other countries. Education and re-search are connected. It is an excellent idea for skilled researchers to be teachers as well. That’s the case at Stanford. The ability to inspire and

communicate the very latest in tech-nology is an important skill. Research should not be an isolated activity.”

Swedish research is doing well in an international perspective. Investments in things like graphene in Gothen-burg, and MAX IV and ESS in Lund are good examples. National arenas are a forum where academia and industry can join forces to generate interdisci-

plinary development. More of these arenas are needed.

“Sweden has a tradition of research around our big industries. We need to build on that. At the same time, we should be proud of the technical development we have achieved. But research grants are all too often broken up into small snippets.”

One dimension is lacking from the Swedish research arsenal – cyber defence research.

“China and the USA are investing a lot in this. In Europe we’re probably a bit naive when it comes to cyber technology. Sweden

»It’s a mistake to believe that Google can replace lifelong

learning. Schools need to give us basic knowledge.«


MEETINGS: EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

55

has a great opportunity right now to create a national cyber technology initiative.” Cyber defence is at least as important as other, more physical, defence capabilities.

The ability to transform is important for a country or business that wants to remain at the forefront. Ericsson is a successful and long-standing example. Partnering with universities and other companies is a success factor.

“We have strategic agreements with all the universities of technology. In these agreements we describe what we need. I wish this was ap-plied on a national level.”

But for a big corporation conducting re-search, not everything is solved by external collaboration. Ulf Ewaldsson is CTO for more than 10,000 researchers and developers in Sweden. Overseas there are even more and the company’s R&D budget is over SEK 30 billion. But it is not only brilliant engineers that have Ulf as their top boss.

“Behavioural scientists have an obvious role in our organisation as well. Moral and legal is-sues related to the information society need to be resolved. The world needs to be more hu-mane. What happens if self-driving cars crash? This is also an issue for academic research.”

Not even a research giant like Ericsson has the ambition to discover and develop every-

thing from scratch. This culture was created back during the company’s first years in exist-ence. Manufacturing of Swedish telephones began just two years after Alexander Bell’s tele phone patent was filed. And things went well, to say the least.

“Using technology developed by others and industrialising it on a large scale is part of Ericsson’s culture. We are good at com-mercialising. A cluster of small businesses and universities around big corporations is a good model. We live in symbiosis with small enterprises around us. Everything is connected much more now than before.”

That includes the relationship between goods and services. In the mass consumption society – which Ulf Ewaldsson believes is on the way out – a manufacturer produced, for ex-ample, a BBQ grill. It was marketed and sold. End of story.

“But think about how little time you actual-ly spend grilling on the grill you own. Now pos-sessions are becoming less significant. It isn’t as important to own them anymore. The shar-ing economy and servicification will take over. People will buy a service instead of a thing.”

Robot vacuum cleaners can serve as an ex-ample. The buyer of one of these is actually paying for the vacuuming service.

“The trend will affect the whole of society. Self-driving cars shared with others will result in fewer vehicles on the roads. In the past peo-ple bought a new product before the old one was worn out. But soon washing machines or microwave ovens will be connected to the web. It will be possible for their software to be up-dated to upgrade the machines in a flash.”

Digitalisation is also creating huge amounts of data. With the internet of things, all meas-urement data and all industrial control can become digital data. With ones, zeros and soft-ware it is possible to achieve almost anything.

“The technology is already cheap and can help us improve resource efficiency. In agricul-ture, simple sensors can tell us exactly when fields need to be fertilised.”

Ulf Ewaldsson believes that the information society can optimise the use of resources. The word “economy” will revert back to its original meaning: economising with resources.

Mobility with 5G and putting more and more things up in the cloud are essential.

“Ericsson is running numerous 5G projects. In 5G for Sweden we’re working in cooperation with ABB, Boliden, Scania and others to see how it will impact their businesses.”

ThaT The swedish telecom giant really believes in cloud-based solutions is clearly evi-dent, if nothing else, by the company’s SEK 7 billion investment in three data centres – one in Linköping, one in Rosersberg outside Sig-tuna and the third in Montreal, Canada.

“That’s our cloud. It’s where our engineers, regardless of where they are in the world, will be able to test software. The data centres will be hubs for our software development. I see them as a consequence of the acquisitive so-ciety winding down and the trend of sharing resources.”

So 5G is the foundation for the information society, but Ulf Ewaldsson doesn’t want to prophecy about what will come next.

“6G perhaps? I’m just happy to be part of everything that’s happening right now. And IVA has a role to play as an arena where differ-ent stakeholders can gather. The Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project, which I’m part of, is an obvious example of this.”

4 May – StockholmHas Sweden got a university policy?Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy – Participants including Helene Hellmark Knutsson, Minister for Higher Education and Research

5 May – UmeåHow the university and the business community can work together to strengthen the Umeå regionSeminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA North, Norrlandsfonden and Göran Sandberg

12 May – StockholmCollaboration – How does it impact research and researchers?Seminar – The Young Academy of Sweden and IVA

6 October – StockholmSweden – Attractive enough for private research facilities?Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council in preparation for the forthcoming research bill

24 November – StockholmHow can we develop research to solve society’s problems?Seminar – Research Outlook project

56

KI researchers made the longest journey

Pedro Réu, a doctoral candidate at

Karolinska Institutet (KI), was the winner of the tenth and final round

of Vinnova’s Mentor4Research programme. In 2015 close to 71 researchers from Swed-

ish universities took part in the programme. 70 percent of them were born outside Swe-den and the nine finalists represented seven nationalities.

The aim of Mentor4Research is to give researchers commercialisation experience and know-how. Almost all of the 2015 final-ists talked in their brief presentations for the jury and audience about their plans to start a business one day.

When Mentor4Research started in 2005 seven researchers took part. Ten years on, there were 71 researchers and the same num-ber of mentors. A total of 400 researchers have learnt more about the business world. Rolf Skoglund has been Chairman of the project throughout the decade.

“For the researchers, the importance of commercialising their research has definite-ly increased. Understanding how research can be useful is important.”

In 2016 the programme will have a differ-ent format. It will be linked locally to the university in the area. IVA will continue to be involved to guarantee the quality of the programme and organise the annual finale.

“We have created a solid process that I hope will continue to be used in the future. This model is too good to end up on the shelf,” says Rolf Skoglund.

MENTOR4RESEARCH WINNERS

2006: Aatto Laaksonen, Stockholm University2007: Caroline Olgart Höglund, KI2008: Åsa Wheelock, KI2009: Daniel Lundin, Linköping University2010: Lars Sävendahl, KI2011: Ulrica Almhöjd, University of Gothenburg2012: Galia Pozina, Linköping University2013: Moa Fransson, Uppsala University2014: Pernilla Videhult Pierre, KI2015: Pedro Réu, KI


2014

2011

2008

2013

2010

2007

2012

2009

2006

2015

ÖVERL IGGARE

57

Students in Sweden’s engineering pro-grammes who have completed an in-ternship under the Tekniksprånget

programme have an advantage. They consider themselves highly motivated to study and the drop-out rate is lower than for other degrees.

“That’s what our surveys show,” says Alex-andra Ridderstad, Project Manager for Tekniksprånget since February 2015.

A lower drop-out rate means gains – includ-ing financial ones – for both the university and society in general. And more engineers are needed in a technology-driven country like Sweden. The 250 employers offering intern-ships and mentoring through Tekniksprånget have realised that.

“In 2015 we increased the focus on creating a strong regional foothold for the project. Now Tekniksprånget is in 120 locations in Sweden.”

The project offers more than internship placements. Students at the upper secondary schools visited often know little about the businesses in their local area.

“Our school visits have showed us that stu-dents don’t know about the opportunities lo-cal businesses are offering. That’s why we ask past interns to go back to their school and talk about it.”

An internship can open their eyes to a part of the job market they did not know existed.

“Just over nine out of ten young people have no idea about the technology needs and oppor-tunities that exist in the public sector. After an internship at a public authority, the same number of students say that they can imagine being employed there.”

And this might also be an extra bonus for public sector employers. The 19–21 year olds that Tekniksprånget targets want to be in-volved and change society.

“Companies in big cities with big, well-known brands may receive the most applica-tions, but we are seeing young people getting involved in social issues as well. Employers who can’t describe how their business benefits so-ciety should probably pay attention, because young people are calling them out.”

According to Alexandra Ridderstad, em-ployers and interns alike are happy with the impact Tekniksprånget is having. The model could therefore be used as a component in the Government's Snabbspår (Fast track) initiative. The idea is to make it easier for new arrivals to get established in the job market.

“The Swedish Association of Graduate Engi-neers and employer association Pakta want to see if Tekniksprånget’s model can work for new arrivals with an engineering education. That’s why we’ve launched Jobbsprånget. At this point it’s a pilot project,” says Alexander Riddarstad.

ABOUT TEKNIKSPRÅNGET

Tekniksprånget is being run by IVA at the request of the Government to increase interest among young people in applying to study for an engineering degree.

Tekniksprånget is an internship programme for upper secondary school graduates under the age of 21 who have the qualifications to apply for an engineering degree.

The internships last for four months and interns are paid SEK 13,500 a month.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Jan-Eric Sundgren. Alexandra Ridderstad took over as Project Manager in February 2015.

Inspiring engineering internships at 120 locations

58

About 60 people from the municipal authority, the university and the pri-vate sector gathered for discussion

and networking at a meeting hosted by IVA North, IVA’s Business Ex-ecutives Council and Norrlands-fonden on 5 May.

The speaker was Göran Sand-berg, Executive Director of the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Founda-tion. He is one of the most powerful play-ers in Swedish research and former Vice-Chan-cellor of Umeå University. The theme was how the university and business community can work together to strengthen the Umeå region.

“In Sweden we regard universities as inno-vation factories,” said Göran Sandberg. “But I

think we should use Stanford as a role model. Their most important products are

not companies, but mature and talented students.”

After the presentation there was a lively debate. Is Umeå Uni-

versity capable of attracting re-searchers to the extent that bigger

universities can? Can the region compete for capital on the same terms? That the stu-dents are Umeå’s engine was something many agreed on. But how can we make sure that they stay in the city after they graduate?

The Research Outlook project has looked at the backgrounds of members of uni-versity boards. International compari-

sons have been made and opinions have been gathered and compiled. Changes from 2007 to 2013 have been analysed. The study was pre-sented at an IVA seminar in Almedal.

The number of members with a private sec-tor background has increased, while the num-ber of politicians has gone down. This trend is the strongest at the newer universities. At the older ones, like Uppsala and Lund, no big dif-ference was noted.

Although there are fewer politicians on the

boards, the chairmen usually have a public-sector background.

The overall conclusion of the study is that the boards work relatively well.

Cecilia Schelin Seidegård is Chairman of the University of Gothenburg’s board.

“Although I used to have a negative opin-ion about it, today I think it’s a good idea to have more people from outside. In a board a lot depends on the chairman. We are, after all, talking about a big institution that has to be governed. But it’s not such a bad idea to have politicians on the board; they can help with government contacts,” she said.

Peter Nygårds is the Chairman of Mid Swe-den University. He thinks the chairman is the one tasked with shaping the university’s mission.

“The total number of board members is more than on company boards. That’s why people aren’t always that used to being on a board,” he said.

According to Thomas Strand, a member the Riksdag (S) and of the Education Committee, a chairman should be a driving force and the board members need to work as a team.

“But just because someone is a politician it doesn’t disqualify them from holding a board position,” he said.

More business people on university boards

Umeå should use Stanford as a role modelABOUT RESEARCH OUTLOOK

Research Outlook is focusing on a few issues at a time with the aim of providing concrete ideas and proposals for prioritised measures. With the help of in-depth studies, the research policy debate will be advanced in a constructive way.

The Chairman of the Steering Committee is Gunnar Svedberg.


Thomas Strand, Peter Nygårds and Cecilia Schelin Seidegård.

59

The job market needs

more than technical expertise

Engineers with good technical exper-

tise are essential for society as a whole. But that is not the only thing needed

in the future according to Carola Lemne, General Director of the Confederation of Swedish Enterprise, who spoke at a seminar in Almedalen arranged by Tekniksprånget. Globalisation is one reason. People need to learn how to learn and never stop.

“But are our universities really equipped for lifelong learning?” she wondered.

Roger Mörtvik is State Secretary at the Ministry of Education and Research.

“It’s not just about formal education. Ex-pertise is a changing thing and social skills etc. are also needed,” he said.

According to him there is no real short-age of engineers. But there is a matching problem in the job market; employers are not finding new employees with the right skills. The new four-year technical pro-gramme at upper secondary schools will, however, make it easier for companies to re-cruit people with an appropriate education.

But the shortage of engineers is still a problem. Engineers are a key component in the public sector as well.

“We need to recruit around 12,000 engi-neers. Technical skills are needed through-out the field of community planning. They’re needed in the digitalisation of the welfare system as well,” said Håkan Sörman, Director General of SKL (Swedish Associa-tion of Local Authorities and Regions).


Carola Lemne.

60

Meetings in Almedalen

A brand new project, seminars and

lively discussions were offered by IVA during the Almedal Week.

But the most upbeat, practical and educa-tional event was perhaps the premiere of the Academy’s Restfest (Waste Fest). During the popular Schnippeldisco, IVA’s Resource Efficient Business Models project showed how raw material waste can be significantly reduced. Under expert guidance, the par-ticipants prepared delicious dishes made from leftovers and food waste. At a packed seminar a new project called Innovation in the Forest Industry was launched. The Elec-tricity Crossroads project presented scenarios for future electricity use as well as a debate with politicians on how their decisions will affect future electricity use. Education and research were also analysed in depth at two IVA seminars. And of course there were op-portunities to mingle and enjoy the pleas-ant atmosphere with plenty of guests and a tasty meal made from local produce. All this in a garden overlooking the Baltic Sea with the sun setting over the rooftops.

ABOUT ALMEDAL WEEK

Almedal Week 2015 had as many visitors as in 2014, the “super-election year.” The organisers estimated that 35,000 unique visitors took part during the week.

IVA has participated in Almedal Week since 2009. By arranging seminars and meetings the Academy has an impact and strengthens its own networks. Topical issues are addressed and discussed, particularly those relating to IVA’s projects. Many IVA members take part in activities arranged by other organisations as well.


Cecilia Schelin Seidegård.Olof Sandberg.

Rickard Nordin, Cecilie Tenfjord-Toftby and Maria Weimer.

Günther Mårder and Anna Bünger.

Dinner and conversation in the garden.

Pam Fredman. Michael Jacob.

Roger Mörtvik.Cilla Benkö.

Bo Diczfalusy. Maria Sunér Fleming.

Peter Gudmundson. Peter Nygårds, Gunnar Svedberg and Eva Krutmeijer.

Kristina Persson.Kristina Sundin Jonsson, Carola Lemne and Håkan Sörman.

ÖVERL IGGARE

62

IT cluster attracted the Student Council

Cooperation, bonding exercises and a visit to Google’s European headquar-ters in Dublin were on the agenda

when IVA’s Student Council had its tradi-tional kick-off conference in autumn 2015. It was Dublin’s IT cluster that attracted the Stu-

dent Council to visit Google where the topics discussed included what it is like when your biggest customers are also your biggest com-petitors, what makes the business climate in Dublin so good, and which challenges and op-portunities increased mobile use brings. The

Student Council was given an introduction to the Google spirit and a tour of the offices. Each of the floors has a different theme, with every-thing from swimming pools and swing sets to a policy of a maximum distance of 50 metres to the nearest café.

Scholarships provide inspiration abroad

Eighteen young academics shared SEK 1.8 million when the Hans Werthén Foundation awarded

the 2015 scholarships. Since the fund was established in 1990, a total of 398 scholarships for a combined SEK 47 million have been awarded. The scholarships are to be used for study abroad. Industrialist Hans Werthén believed that international experience is important.

Fields of study have included cell factories, cancer, reliability of human-machine mobile communication, ultra-sound technology to diagnose stroke and healthcare system management.

Intuitive 3D gesture interaction recognised

Shahrouz Yousefi, Senior Lec-turer at the Department of Media Technology, Linnaeus University,

received the Chester Carlson Research Award in 2015 for his intuitive 3D ges-ture interaction work. He has developed technology that uses hand gestures in 3D as a way to communicate with mobile entities.

The award goes to young, promising information science researchers and is administered by Xerox and IVA. It was established in 1985 to commemorate Chester Carlson who is of Swedish descent and who laid the foundation for the Xerox company.

Royal fund awards 14 scholarships

King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anni-versary Fund for Science, Tech-nology and the Environment

was created in connection with H.M. the King’s 50th birthday. The board of the fund, which is chaired by the King, awarded 14 scholarships in 2015 at the Royal Palace of Stockholm. Four schol-arship recipients were nominated by IVA: Gustav Berggren, Romain Bordes, Natalia Ferraz and Niclas Svensson. The initiative for the fund came from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Royal Swedish Academy of Agricul-ture and Forestry and IVA to promote research and technology development.

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No two days are the same

At IVA’s Conference Centre everyone helps out.

“We circulate the tasks at hand. In this way we learn how everything works and work is fun. The person who takes a reservation stays in contact with the cus-tomer throughout the process,” says Anna-Karin Friskopps, one of the team members.

According to Anna-Karin, everyone pitching in like this is different to how it works at other conference centres. And there are other things that make IVA’s Con-ference Centre unusual as well.

“Few other facilities have an organisation like IVA with its highly respected brand be-hind them. That alone gives us a stamp of quality.”

The facility’s high quality is also con-firmed by the highest rating – five crowns – awarded by Svenska Möten, a conference centre member organisation.

IVA’s many open seminars attract visitors who, while being treated to a good dose of knowledge, also get to experience a centrally located and unique conference facility.

“It works in two ways. Our external cus-tomers come into contact with IVA.”

The customers represent education, public administration, various organisa-tions and big listed companies. Everyone is welcome to the diverse meeting facilities at Grev Turegatan 16 in Stockholm.

“We have everything here from the ultra-modern Wallenberg Auditorium to our stylish Banquet Hall. Our rooms are main-tained continuously and upgraded to the latest furnishing trends.”

The customers clearly enjoy what the centre offers. Many come back on a regular basis. And the comments commonly received are: warm and friendly, pleasant atmosphere and attractive and modern rooms.


ÖVERL IGGARE

ANNUAL MEE T ING

On 23 October IVA members and guests assembled for the Academy’s Annual Meeting. This was the 96th Annual Meeting, an event steeped in tradition which concludes with a gala banquet and dancing at Stockholm City Hall.

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Princess Sofia and Leif Johansson, Eva Johansson and Prince Carl Philip, Helene Hellmark Knutsson and Björn O. Nilsson.

Maria Strømme.

Leif Östling, Björn O. Nilsson, Prince Carl Philip and Johan Weigelt.

Johan Weigelt and Cecilia Weigelt.

Sonat Burman-Olsson and Mats Olsson. Kristina Alsér and Jan Alsér.

Anna Stradner and Peter Schurtenberger.

Maria Östberg Svanelind and Peter Larsson.

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Medals, mingling

and dinner

The celebration of IVA’s 96th Annual Meeting was a festive occasion from start to finish. First speeches, gold

medals and commemoration in Stockholm Concert Hall; then a cocktail reception, dinner and dancing at City Hall.

Leif Johansson, Chairman of IVA, de-scribed what makes Sweden attractive in his speech in Stockholm Concert Hall. He began with the two global corporations for which he serves as chairman: Astra Zeneca and Ericsson.

“At Astra Zeneca we have just concluded an important initiative to attract 250 non-Swedish researches to Mölndal. And at Ericsson in Kista we have employed several hundred researchers from more than 30 na-tions,” he said.

In his speech, Leif Johansson highlighted the fact that researchers move to Sweden be-cause they find it attractive here.

Björn O. Nilsson, IVA’s President, pre-sented the annual summary of “Progress in Science and Technology” in which he men-tioned the Research Bill to be presented by Research Minister Helene Hellmark Knutsson in 2016. The research community in Sweden is debating what should be priori-tised. There are plenty of opinions.

But Björn O. Nilsson noted that most people at least agree that only good research should be rewarded. His surprise guest, Pro-fessor Johan Rockström, said that sustain-ability is the path to prosperity and the key to increased attractiveness.

ANNUAL MEE T ING

Helena Stålnert Svensson and Åke Svensson.

Lina Bertling Tjernberg and Oscar Tjernberg.

Karin Markides and Konstantin Markides.

Princess Sofia, Prince Carl Philip, Lena Treschow Torell and Michael Treschow.

Mary Walshok.

ANNUAL MEE T ING

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In December 1956 meteorologist Carl-Gustaf Rossby became the first Swede to be on the cover of Time Magazine.

Featuring a Swede as the top scientist in this field was remarkable bearing in mind that the USA was the world-leader in meteorology at the time. But in fact most of the leading meteorologists in the US and the world had at some point been students or colleagues of Rossby. He had also founded some of the world’s foremost meteorological institutions. A half century or so after his death, one of the most significant Swedish scientists of the 20th century had almost been forgotten. He lends his own name to the term Rossby waves – the most powerful waves in the atmosphere, which he identified and for which he devel-oped the mathematic formula. His name also lives on in the term Rossby diagram and the so-called Rossby parameter used in weather

forecasts. There is also the SMHI Rossby Centre in Norrköping. Rossby was also interested in the sig-nificance of greenhouse gases in global warming and took part in the dis-cussions that led to the beginning of carbon di-oxide measurement at the Mauna Loa observatory in Hawaii in 1957. This was where the now so familiar Keeling Curve was created. This ser-rated curve is an iconic confirmation of the systematic rise in CO2 levels. Theoretically the greenhouse effect had been known about since the 1800s. One of Rossby’s predecessors at Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius, had presented convincing evidence back in 1896 showing that changes in CO2 compo-sition would result in rising temperatures. Arrhenius’ ideas were largely forgotten and the general conception for more than half a century was that humans did not have the power to impact anything as great as the planet or its climate.

Carl-Gustaf Rossby spent much of his ca-reer on military motivated meteorology in the US and his research continued to play an important role in security policy even after he returned to his old homeland, Sweden, in 1947. In the 1950s he developed a programme in Stockholm that would help to make the Swedish capital a world hub for computerised climate modelling and research. IPCC Chair-man Bert Bolin was one of Rossby’s students.

Rossby died suddenly and unexpectedly of a heart attack, literally at his desk in August 1957. He was restlessly active to the very end.

In many ways he was a phenomenon; at once a formidable idea factory, a mighty one-man institution who literally set the atmosphere of an entire planet in motion, and a strong team player who surrounded himself with original and talented researchers with whom he could discuss his many ideas and who in particular had the ability to test them in many and long theoretical computations. They were also test-ed in the BESK computer in Stockholm, the ENIAC computer in Pennsylvania and even-tually in the new computer in Princeton. But in all of this frenzy of creativity and research, he was also a reserved, sometimes mysterious figure who left few clear clues about the things he was intensely involved in.

The pOrTrayal Of Carl-Gustaf Rossby in the 2015 Commemorative Booklet (and sum-marised here) was written by Professor Sverker Sörlin.

Swedish meteorol-ogist set the atmo-sphere’s powerful waves in motion

Sverker Sörlin

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Honorary Doctor of Engineering Leif Östling for his extraordinary achievements as a business leader and CEO of Scania which, under his leadership, developed into a world-leading heavy commercial vehicle company. His strategic leadership is based on conviction, sound knowledge and many years of experience. It is characterised by an integrated approach, consistency and great confidence in his colleagues.

Professor Gert Wingårdh for his many years of excellence as an architect and creator of numerous praised and award-winning buildings in Sweden and abroad. For several decades he has had a strong influence on Swedish architecture and is an important role model for Sweden’s architects of today and tomorrow.

Professor Mikael Eriksson for his groundbreaking and crucial work developing scientific profiles, concepts and technology for synchrotron rings at the research facilities MAX I, II, III and MAX IV (2016). Based on advanced, multidisciplinary research, he has found innovative solutions, and designed and implemented high-tech designs with untested technology for broad scientific applications.

Professor Mary Walshok for her groundbreaking achievements in promoting research-based, innovation-driven enterprise. She has developed concepts and processes for the renewal of industry in various regions, including San Diego. In 1985 she started CONNECT at UC San Diego, a concept that was subsequently established in Sweden. The concept links entrepreneurs with capital and expertise at an early stage.

2015 GOLD MEDALLISTSFor “outstanding achievements in the Academy’s focus areas,” IVA awarded its Great Gold Medal to Leif Östling, Honorary Doctor of Engineering. The 2015 recipients of the three Gold Medals were Mary Walshok, Gert Wingårdh and Mikael Eriksson.

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PR IME M IN ISTER PAYS A V I S ITManuel Valls, the Prime Minister of France, paid a flying visit to Sweden in September for discussions with the Swedish Government. But the Prime Minister also found time to give a speech about growth and innovation in Europe at a well-attended IVA seminar. The Wallenberg Auditorium was packed with leading figures from Sweden’s business community, organisa-tions and the political sphere. Accompanying Manual Valls were several French government officials and politicians. A number of European am-bassadors located in Stockholm were also represented in the Wallenberg Auditorium. The host was IVA’s Chairman Leif Johansson.

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THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEEChairman Leif Johansson (Div. VI) Chairman 2012–2017Anders Nyrén (Div. IX) Vice Chairman 2014–2016Marie Ehrling (Div. VI) Vice Chairman 2013–2015Pam Fredman (Div. XI) Vice Chairman 2015–2017Maria Strømme (Div. VII) Vice Chairman 2015–2017Erik Lautmann (Div. VI) Business Executives Council Chairman 2013–2015Björn O. Nilsson (Div. X) President 2008–2017

THE ADVISORY COUNCILThe Advisory Council includes the Chairman of the Academy, the chair-men or vice chairmen of the Academy’s divisions, chairmen of the regional networks and the President. The Secretary to the Academy as well as the chairmen of the Business Executives Council and the Industrial Research Committee are also called upon to attend meetings.

Leif Johansson, Chairman Björn O. Nilsson, President Johan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy

Division chairsUlf Södergren (Div. I)Karl Bergman (Div. II)Åsa Söderström Jerring (Div. III)Hans-Jürgen Federsel (Div. IV)

Karin Larsson (Div. V)Eric Giertz (Div. VI)Jan-Eric Sundgren (Div. VII)Elisabet Salander Björklund (Div. VIII)Michael G:son Löw (Div. IX) Inger Andersson (Div. X)Christina Ullenius (Div. XI)Ylva Hambraeus Björling (Div. XII)

Chairmen of IVA’s regional sectionsGöran Carlsson, IVA NorthKar-Erik Årzén, IVA SouthRolf Andersson, IVA West

Chairmen of the IVA’s Business Executives Council and committees Erik Lautmann, Business Executives CouncilPeter Holmstedt, Industrial Research Committee (IRC)

IVA MEMBERSDetails about the Academy’s members are included in the register of members, 2015–2016.

As of 31 December 2015, IVA had 925 Swedish members and 263 international members. For deceased members, the year they were elected is included in brackets.

IVA Documentation 2015

Secretary to the Academy Johan Weigelt with the Executive Committee: Erik Lautmann, Pam Fredman, Maria Strømme, Leif Johansson, Anders Nyrén, Marie Ehrling and Björn O. Nilsson.

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Elected Swedish membersCEO Johnny Alvarsson (Div. VI)Director Lars Andersson (Div. IV)Professor Fredrik Bäckhed (Div. X)CEO Tomas Carlsson (Div. III)Vice-Chancellor Helen Dannetun (Div. XI)Professor Anna Dubois (Div. VI)Chief Information Security Officer Anne-Marie Eklund Löwinder (Div. XII)Professor Mikael Eriksson (Div. VII)Senior Vice President Ulf Ewaldsson (Div. XII)Professor Sergei Glavatskih (Div. I)Professor Anders Hamsten (Div. X)Director General Carina Håkansson (Div. VIII)Professor Fredrik Höök (Div. VII)Dr Tom Johnstone (Div. I)Associate Professor Henrik Jordahl (Div. IX)Professor Danica Kragic Jensfelt (Div. II)Professor Uday Kumar (Div. III)CEO Hans Lindberg (Div. IX)Director Johan Malmquist (Div. VI)Associate Professor Sven Mattisson (Div. II)CEO Ola Månsson (Div. III)CEO Christer Norström (Div. XII)Michael E Persson D.Eng (Div. IV)Vice-Chancellor Karin Röding (Div. XI)Professor Peter Schurtenberger (Div. IV)Journalist Johan Schück (Div. IX)Professor Erik Serrano (Div. VIII)Professor Lars Strannegård (Div. IX)Professor Rikard Söderberg (Div. I)

Professor Anna-Karin Tornberg (Div. VII)Chairman Peter Wallenberg Jr (Div. XI)Professor Pär Åhlström (Div. VI)

Elected international membersProfessor Göran RoosProfessor Tomoko M. NakanishiPresident CEO Dag MejdellProfessor Dr Markus AntoniettiChairman of the Board Henrik EhrnroothPresident Chairman Chunyuan Gu

Deceased membersProfessor Hans L. Zetterberg (Div. VI, 1988)Lars-Eric Janson D.Eng (Div. III, 1985)Gunnar Engman MSc Eng (Div. VI, 1987)Gunnar Sohlenius PhD (Div. I, 1982)Lars Norberg MSc Eng (Div. I, 1974)Peter Wallenberg Bachelor of Laws (Div. VI, 1974)Professor Arnis Treimanis (International member, 1994)Arne Rohdin MSc Eng (Div. II, 1977)Professor Karl-Erik Larsson (Div. VII, 1980)Professor Carl Djerassi (International member, 1984)Professor Börje Steenberg (Div. VIII, 1959)Professor Jan Remröd (Div. VIII, 1989)Professor Jan Rydberg (Div. VII, 1983)Karl Evert Flinck MSc Eng (Div. X, 1963)Vice President George H Weyerhaeuser Jr (International member, 2003)Dr Gunter Spur (International member, 1991)Isidor Andersson MSc (Div. III, 1986)

Some members of the Advisory Council. Standing, from left: Ylva Hambreus, Erik Lautmann, Karl-Erik Årzén, Hans-Jürgen Federsel, Jan-Eric Sundgren, Leif Johansson, Rolf Andersson, Anders Ekblom, Christina Ullenius, Ulf Södergren, Peter Holmstedt and Magnus Breidne. Seated, from left: Elisabet Salander Björklund, Karl Bergman, Åsa Söderström-Jerring, Björn O. Nilsson, Marie Hafström, Johan Weigelt and Staffan Boman.

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Tore Daun MSc (Div. VI, 1988)Roland Widmark (Div. V, 1983)Professor Sven-Erik Johansson (Div. IX, 1984)Kalevi Numminen D.Eng (International member, 1986)Gunnar Engström MSc Eng (Div. II, 1967)Matti Otala D.Eng (International member, 1990)Director Rolf Lindholm (Div. VI, 1985)Ragnar Fast Lic Eng (Div. I, 1992)Bertil Berg Engineer (Div. V, 1992)Professor Jon Bing (International member, 2007)Professor Pekka Jauho (International member, 1975)Professor Nathan Rosenberg (International member, 1991)Per Svedberg MSc Eng (Div. II, 1976)Lars-Erik Nordström MSc Eng (Div. I, 1981)Professor Endel Lippmaa (International member, 1992)Director Per Olofsson (Div. VI 1999)

IVA DIVISIONS

Division I – Mechanical EngineeringChief Technology Officer Ulf Södergren, Chairman 2012–2015CEO Per Grunewald, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Professor Monica Bellgran Vice- Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Ingrid JanssonNumber of members: 88

Division II – Electrical Engineering Karl Bergman D.Eng, Chairman 2014–2016Professor Lars Nielsen, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Vice President Birgitta Resvik, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Secretary: Johan PerssonNumber of members: 49

Division III – Building and ConstructionÅsa Söderström Jerring MSc Bus & Econ, Chairman 2013–2015Professor Peter Collin, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Associate Professor Anna Kadefors, Vice Chairman 2013–2015Secretary: Staffan ErikssonNumber of members: 71

Division IV – Chemical EngineeringAssociate professor Hans-Jürgen Federsel, D.Eng, Chairman 2014–2016Heije Westberg PhD, Vice Chairman 2013–2015Professor Lennart Bergström, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Jan WestbergNumber of members: 66

Division V – Mining and MaterialsProfessor Karin Larsson, Chairman 2015–2017CEO Per Storm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Gert Nilson D.Eng, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Johan PerssonNumber of members: 66

Division VI – ManagementProfessor Eric Giertz, Chairman 2013–2015Special Commissioner Marie Hafström, Vice Chairman 2013–2015Senior Advisor Sven Löfquist, Vice Chairman 2013–2015Secretary: Lotta ThörnNumber of members: 128

Division VII – Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering SciencesProfessor Jan-Eric Sundgren, Chairman 2014–2016Professor Hjalmar Brismar, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Professor Sophia Hober, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Maria DollhopfNumber of members: 95

Division VIII – Forest TechnologyDirector Elisabet Salander Björklund, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Professor Paul Gatenholm, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Ola Hildingsson, D.Eng h.c., Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Hampus LindhNumber of members: 53

Division IX – Economics CEO Michael G:son Löw, Chairman 2013–2015 Chairman Anders Lindberg, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Staffan Bohman, MSc Bus. & Econ., Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Hampus LindhNumber of members: 104

Division X – Biotechnology Inger Andersson, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Björn Odlander, MD, Vice Chairman 2014–2016CEO Anders Ekblom, Vice Chairman 2013–2015Secretary: Maria DollhopfNumber of members: 61

Division XI – Education and Research PolicyProfessor Christina Ullenius, Chairman 2015–2017President Maria Khorsand, Vice Chairman 2012–2015Director of Social Policy Peter Larsson, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Martin WikströmNumber of members: 76

Division XII – Information TechnologyChairman Ylva Hambraeus Björling, Chairman 2014–2016Professor Anders Lansner, Vice Chairman 2014–2016Research Director, Staffan Truvé, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Secretary: Linda OlssonNumber of members: 59

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REGIONAL SECTIONS

IVA NorthGöran Carlsson (Div. V), Chairman 2015–2017Lars-Eric Aaro (Div. V), Vice Chairman 2015–2017Johan Sterte (Div. IV), Vice Chairman 2015–2017Johan Persson/Lennart Elfgren (Div. III), Secretary

IVA SouthKarl-Erik Årzén (Div. II), Chairman 2013–2015Göran Harrysson (Div. X), Vice Chairman 2015–2017Lena Neij (Div. III), Vice Chairman 2012–2016Anna Lindberg, Secretary

IVA WestRolf Andersson (Div. IV), Chairman 2011–2015Malin Persson (Div. XI), Vice Chairman 2014–2015Håkan Simonsen, Vice Chairman 2015–2017Svante Svensson (Div. X), Secretary 2013–2015

Members of IRCChairman: Peter Holmstedt, Research Institutes of Sweden (Div. I) 2014–2016Charlotte Andersson, LKAB 2014–2016Emil Görnerup, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise 2014–2016Lars G.J. Hammarström, Karolinska Institutet and Glionova 2015–2017Karin Ifwer, Vattenfall AB 2015–2017Michael Jacob, Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and Communications 2014–2016Joakim Jeppsson, Skanska Sweden 2013–2015Monica Ringvik, AB Volvo 2015–2017Olle Steffner, BillerudKorsnäs 2014–2016Katarina Stetler, Scania 2015–2017Maria Stjerndahl, AkzoNobel 2013–2015Galina Shubina, Schibsted Media Group 2015–2017Andreas Sundblom, AkzoNobel 2013–2015Bo Svedberg, Ecoloop 2014–2016Daniel Taube, SKF 2013–2015Marie Wall, VINNOVA 2013–2015Secretary: Maria Dollhopf, IVA

BUSINESS EXECUTIVES COUNCIL243 companies, government agencies and organisations were members of the Business Executives Council in 2015. They were represented by 243 members, 113 alternates and 313 contact persons.

Executive BodyChairman: Erik Lautmann (Div. VI), 2013–2015Vice Chairman: Eva Hamilton (Div. VI), 2015–2017Vice Chairman: Pia Sandvik (Div. XI), 2015–2017Mernosh Saatchi, 2014–2016Jonas Wiström (Div. VI), 2014–2016Lars Stugemo (Div. VI), 2015–2017Magdalena Gerger (Div. VI), 2015–2017

Johan Öberg, 2015–2017Kristina Alsér (Div. I), 2015–2017

From the Office of the AcademyCamilla Koebe, Vice President Business and Communications Monica Krutmeijer, Business Executives Council

Regional representatives 2015 (adjunct members)Håkan Simonsen, IVA WestKerstin Lindell, IVA SouthThomas Nilsson, IVA NorthLars Lindblom, Samarkand

MEETINGS

19 January – StockholmExchange for Innovation – Sweden and Sub-Saharan Africa StockholmProgramme Council for New Markets Africa

20 January – GothenburgWill Sub-Saharan Africa be the next economic miracle?Seminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council in cooperation with IVA West

21 January – StockholmField trip to GoogleField trip – Division XII Information Technology

26 January – StockholmResistance to antibiotics – a tangible threat to societySeminar – Division X Biotechnology arranged in cooperation with Swed-ish Research Council Formas

29 January – StockholmBreakfast meeting with the Business Executives Council and Carola Lemne, Confederation of Swedish EnterpriseIVA’s Business Executives Council

29 January – StockholmIncreased Regional AttractivenessSeminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project

29 January – GothenburgThe Scandinavian 8 million city. High-speed train Oslo–Gothenburg–CopenhagenSeminar – Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA)and IVA West

5 February – StockholmWood – An important engine for development of the Swedish forest industrySeminar – Division VIII Forest Technology

5 February – StockholmInnovation and eHealth at homeSeminar – IVA’s Africa Programme Council for eHealth

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11 February – LundSkåne in Africa – how to do business in an emerging marketSeminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa and IVA Syd

12 February – StockholmField trip to Sandvik CoromantField trip – Division III Building and Construction

12 February – StockholmAutonomous systems – New possibilities!Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Big Data

17 February – LuleåWhat is it and what can it do for society?Seminar – Big Data and IVA North

19 February – StockholmCrossroads for SwedenSeminar – Collaboration between the three projects: Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth and Electricity Crossroads

24 February – GothenburgDesign Thinking – a new way of working with innovationSeminar – IVA West

3 March – StockholmSwedish Coast Guard, Roxtec AB and Eriksberg Vilt & Natus ABField trip – Division VI Management

5 March – StockholmFrom green chemistry to sustainable productionSeminar – Division IV Chemical Engineering

9 March – StockholmFuel-Cell VehiclesSeminar – IVA, Chemical Society of Japan, JSPS, SJF and the Embassy of Japan

10 March – StockholmAvicii – a Swedish export successBreakfast meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Executives Council with Avicii co-founder, Ash Pournouri

12 March – LundNew potential but unknown materialsSeminar – IVA South

17 March – StockholmLife’s building blocks and big data – the way to a better world?Breakfast meeting with Mathias Uhlén arranged by IVA Division X Biotechnology

17 March – StockholmWhat will determine Sweden’s future electricity usage – current status and forecastsSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

18 March – StockholmElectricity in Italy, the UK and SpainSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

24 March – StockholmReplacement Models in HealthcareSeminar – Division XII Information Technologyand IVA’s Programme Council for eHealth

25 March – StockholmThe path to resource-efficient industrySeminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project and Swedish Environmental Protection Agency

25 March – GothenburgBig data – What is it and what can it do for society?Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Big Data and IVA West

26 March – StockholmThis is how to attract young talent! Meet Anna Dyhre, employer branding expertNetwork meeting – Tekniksprånget programme

26 March – StockholmVehicle Aerodynamics for Performance and Efficiency through Physical ModellingSeminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences

9 October – LuleåAfrica’s mineral resources – What can Norrland do?Seminar – IVA North

14 April – StockholmImpact of new technology on electricity usageSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

14 April – StockholmWinter Olympics in Stockholm – Economical sound or madnessSeminar – Division IX Economics

15 October – GothenburgNatural gas, biogas and LNG – important for West Sweden's competitiveness!Seminar – IVA West

16 April – StockholmForest industry value chains – research and innovation to generate more valueSeminar – Division VIII Forest Technology and Royal Swedish Academy of Agriculture and Forestry (KSLA)

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16 April – StockholmAfrican mineral resources – How can Sweden contribute?Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa

21 April – StockholmPostNord’s transformation – from letters to logistics and communicationBreakfast meeting with Håkan Ericsson – IVA’s Business Executives Council

21 April – GothenburgWest Sweden has its sights on the starsField trip to RUAG Space AB – IVA West

28 April – LundThe combustion engine – a faithful servant that still deliversField trip and seminar – IVA South

28 April – StockholmAfrica’s time is now – seminar with Anders BorgSeminar – IVA’s Programme Council for Africa

4 May – StockholmHas Sweden got a university policy?Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy

5 May – LundDivision IV – field trip to LundField trip – Division IV Chemical Engineering and IVA South

5 May – Stockholm3D printing – Industrial challenges opportunitiesSeminar – Division I Mechanical Engineering and Division Mining and Materials

5 May – Tollered, LerumHydropower helped with industry expansionField trip – IVA West and NAV

5 May – UmeåHow the university and the business community can work together to strengthen the Umeå regionSeminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA North, Norrlandsfonden and Göran Sandberg

6 May – StockholmIs personal integrity consistent with a safe society?Seminar – Division XII Information Technology

6 May – LuleåVattenfall and the future energy marketSeminar – IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA North and Norrlandsfonden and Magnus Hall

7 May – StockholmUrbanisation’s drivers – What role do service companies play?Seminar – Division VI Management

8 May – GothenburgInfrastructure investment – What’s the overall picture?Seminar – IVA West

12 May – StockholmElectricity upon request – customer in focus?Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project

12 May – StockholmCollaboration – How does it impact research and researchers?Seminar – The Young Academy of Sweden and IVA

12 May – StockholmChallenges for modern materials technologySeminar – Division V Mining and Materials

19 May – StockholmEnergy policy crossroadsSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

19 May – GothenburgEfficient electricity supply in the future – Can thorium-based nuclear reactor play a role?Seminar – IVA West

21 May – StockholmBreakfast meeting with Sonat Burman-Olsson, CoopBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council

21 May – KirunaBuilding good cities of the future – when you can start from scratchSeminar – Division III Building and Construction and IVA North

26 May – StockholmBreakfast meeting with Niklas Prager, CEO MedivirSeminar – Division X Biotechnology.

26 May – StockholmCommunication: Technical and Commercial Challenges in the FutureSeminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences

27 May – GothenburgCars that talk to each otherSeminar – IVA West

27 May – StockholmHas Sweden got good drinking water?Seminar – Division X Biotechnology

1 June – StockholmQuality journalism in a media crisisSeminar – Division XII Information Technology(in conjunction with the Assembly of the Academy)

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2 June – StockholmChallenges for the Financial Supervisory AuthorityField trip – Division IX Economics

10 June – StockholmRecipharm – an entrepreneur to the stock marketBreakfast meeting with Lars Backsell – IVA’s Business Executives Council

29 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Innovation in the Forest IndustrySeminar – Innovation in the Forest Industry project

29 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Electricity usage – how policy can have an impactSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

29 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Can increased technical expertise improve Sweden’s innovative capacity?Seminar with the Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth projectand Tekniksprånget

29 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Schnippeldisco for improved resource efficiencyResource Efficient Business Models project

30 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Increased Swedish attractiveness and competitiveness– How can policy-makers help?Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project

30 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Electricity usage in the futureSeminar – Electricity Crossroads, Sustainable Innovation, Siemens and Swedegas

30 June – VisbyAlmedalen: Should all universities do the same thing?Seminar – Division III Building and Constructionand project Research Outlook project

18 August – StockholmBetter financing solutions for innovative and growing enterprisesSeminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project

21 August – StockholmLaunch of new energy storage studySeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

25 August – StockholmRenewable energy – international trends and challengesSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project in cooperation with the Swedish Energy Agency

25 August – LundField trip to Medicon VillageField trip – IVA South

27 August – StockholmFuture electricity system will solve environmental problems – and create new onesSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

2 September – StockholmCollaboration between universities and industry – today and in the futureSeminar – In connection with the Assembly of the Academy

3 September – TrollhättanTrollhättan Falls – the start for new production technologyField trip – IVA West

7 September – StockholmElectricity production – current situation and potentialSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

7 September – StockholmFuture media landscapeSeminar – Division XII Information Technology

8 September – StockholmA Year as Energy MinisterSeminar – Division II Electrical Engineering

14 September – StockholmForest biotechnology – How will the future of forestry be affected by the advances in biology and genetics?Seminar – Division VIII Forest Technology

15 September – GothenburgHow can we secure a supply of future talent?Seminar – Tekniksprånget project

15 September – StockholmMultifunctional composite materials for energy storage in structural load pathsSeminar – Division V Mining and Materials

16 September – LundField trip to MAX IV lab in LundField trip – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences.

16 September – LuleåEffects of digitalisation – from Swish to RhinocerosesSeminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, Norrlandsfonden and IVA’s Business Executives Council

17 September – StockholmWelfare sector – growth sector that engages peopleBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council

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18 September – StockholmActing together for Europe, Growth and Innovation – High-level event with the French Prime Minister Manuel VallsSeminar – Jointly arranged by IVA and the Embassy of France in Stockholm

21 September – GothenburgWe believe in Gothenburg! Media and image of GothenburgSeminar – IVA West

22 September – GävleSystembolaget – from criticism to praiseSeminar – Cooperation Norrlandsfonden, IVA North and IVA’s Business Executives Council

24 September – StockholmThe expansion that went wrong – Can’t manufacturing companies handle export-driven growth?Seminar – Division VI Management and Division I Mechanical Engineering

25 September – StockholmPathways to 2050 – How to be even more resource-efficientSeminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project

25 September – StockholmSweden’s future power grid – workshop on obstacles and solutionsSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

28 September – StockholmNot everyone can be an engineer or teacher – but more should be given the chanceSeminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy

28 September – SkellefteåNatural resources, geopolitics and leadershipSeminar – Jointly arranged by Norrlandsfonden, IVA North and IVA’s Business Executives Council with Lennart Evrell, CEO of Boliden.

29 September – StockholmField Trip to Stockholm School of EconomicsField trip – Division IX Economics

30 September – MalmöGood Cities of the Future – Does this exist in the Greater Copenhagen area?Seminar – Division III Building and Construction and IVA South

30 September – StockholmHow can we attract the engineering heroes of the future?Seminar – IVA’s Student Council

1 October – GothenburgHow can we attract the engineering heroes of the future?Seminar – IVA’s Student Council and IVA West

6 October – StockholmInvestor – from rock drills to healthcareBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Johan Forssell, President of Investor

6 October – StockholmSweden – Attractive enough for private research facilities?Seminar – IVA’s Programme Council in preparation for the forthcoming research bill

7 October – GothenburgeHealth – Digital tools for better healthSeminar – IVA’s Programme Council for eHealth

13 October – MalmöHeadwind for Wind Power – perspective from VestasBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Anders Runevad, President of Investor

13 October – StockholmBiohacking and the connected human bodySeminar – Division X Biotechnology

14 October – GothenburgField trip to Volvo Cars in GothenburgField trip – Division XII Information Technology

15 October – StockholmNew technology for new teaching methods – Is education keeping up?Seminar – Division VII Basic and Interdisciplinary Engineering Sciences

19 October – LuleåAfter Facebook – the next step to improve attractiveness and competitivenessSeminar – Jointly arranged by IVA North, IVA’s Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project and Norrlandsfonden

20 October – GothenburgSustainable enterpriseBreakfast meeting – IVA West and IVA’s Business Executives Council with Michael Treschow

20 October – StockholmLocal competitiveness in a globalised world – What are the success factors?Seminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project and ESBRI

20 October – StockholmTransforming Business Through Research – Chester Carlson Research Award 30 yearsSeminar – IVA and Xerox

21 October – StockholmTaxes and subsidies for electricity production – new studySeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

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21 October – StockholmCircular economics and resource efficient business models (with the Environmental Objectives Council)Seminar – Resource Efficient Business Models project

22 October – StockholmScience and Society Forum: 3D Printing – Beyond the Tipping Point?Seminar – Science and Society Forum 2015

22 October – MalmöThe transformational IT and its disruptive effectsSeminar – IVA South

26 October – GothenburgChalmers Ventures – Innovation System 2.0Seminar – IVA West

3 November – StockholmPresentation of Programme Council for Africa’s final reportSeminar – Division V Mining and Materials

3 November – StockholmSustainable leadership for SodexoBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Azita Shariati, CEO Sodexo Sweden and Denmark

3 November – StockholmThe future forest industry – What could Sweden learn from Japan?Seminar – IVA, JSPS, SJF and the Embassy of Japan

4 November – StockholmKey factors to make Sweden more attractiveSeminar – Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project

5 November – StockholmAre universities offering the right programmes?Seminar – Division XI Education and Research Policy

9 November – StockholmCompetition for the sustainable forestSeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

9 November – StockholmTowards a competitive low carbon economy – Paris 2015A seminar with the International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, IIIEE and the IVA projects Electricity Crossroads and Resource Efficient Business Models

10 November – StockholmInnovative leadership in the forest industrySeminar – Division VIII Forest Technology

11 November – LuleåA Cosmic Journey – from the Big Bank to infinitySeminar – IVA North and Norrlandsfonden

11 November – GothenburgUniverseum – playing to generate knowledgeField trip – IVA West

12 November – GothenburgThe role of the banks in a society in rapid transitionLunch meeting arranged by IVA’s Business Executives Council, IVA West and Bankmannasällskapet i Göteborg (association of bankers)

12 November – StockholmTheme Diversity – Come and be inspired!Seminar – Tekniksprånget project

12 November – StockholmMentor4Research 2015Final Day – Mentor4Research project

16 November – LundProgress in Science and Technology 2015Seminar – IVA South

18 November – LuleåMarian Radetzki – Oil market in transitionSeminar – IVA North

18 November – StockholmInnovative chemical engineering companies – What do they need to do to be world class?Hearing – Division IV Chemical Engineering, IKEM and SISP

19 November – StockholmInnovation – What can Sweden learn from Germany?Seminar – IRC at the Assembly of the Academy

24 November – StockholmHow do we develop research to solve society’s challenges?Seminar – Research Outlook project

25 November – StockholmThe third machine revolution – What will the consequences be for society?Seminar – Division II Electrical Engineering

26 November – StockholmGrowth – not just in big cities – Annual Meeting of the Business Executives CouncilThe Business Executives Council’s Annual Meeting in cooperation with IVA’s Division VI Management.

26 November – GothenburgField trip – SKF and Wingquist LaboratoryField trip – Division III Building and Construction

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27 November – StockholmThe Built Environment of the Future – This is how the living environments of the future are builtSeminar – Division III Building and Constructionand the Good Cities of the Future project

30 November – StockholmRussia’s economy – a nightmare or future opportunity?Seminar – Division IX Economics in cooperation withthe Swedish/Russian Chamber of Commerce

1 December – LuleåProgress in Science and Technology 2015Seminar – IVA North and Norrlandsfonden

2 December – GothenburgResearch and sport provide new recipe for successSeminar – IVA West

8 December – StockholmField trip at CSC, KTHDivision XII Information Technology

8 December – GothenburgProgress in Science and Technology 2015Seminar – IVA West

10 December – StockholmAstraZeneca is investing in SwedenBreakfast meeting – IVA’s Business Executives Council with Pascal Soriot, CEO AstraZeneca

15 December – StockholmScenarios for future electricity use – new special studySeminar – Electricity Crossroads project

17 December – StockholmEnergy Scenarios – What can we learn from New Zealand?Seminar – Electricity Crossroads project

STEERING COMMITTEES FOR IVA’s PROJECTS

Attractiveness for Sustainable GrowthChairman: Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (Div. XI)Tomas Billing, NordstiernanPontus Braunerhjelm, Swedish Entrepreneurship Forum (Div. XI)Charlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI)Ulf Ewaldsson, Ericsson (Div. XII)Pam Fredman, University of Gothenburg (Div. XI)Carola Lemne, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise (Div. VI)Martin Lorentzon, SpotifyBjörn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X)Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional Growth

Eva Nordmark, TCOJohan Rockström, Stockholm Resilience CentreAnders Sundström, Swedbank (Div. VI)Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (Div. VI)Karl-Petter Thorwaldsson, Swedish Trade Union Confederation (LO)Project Manager: Johan Carlstedt, IVA

Energy Book/Aspects of EnergyChairman: Bengt Kasemo (Div. II)Gerd Bergman, Science & Technology for All (NTA)Magnus Breidne, IVAHarry Frank (Div. II)Eric Giertz (Div. VI)Dick Hedberg, Energy Committee, KVAChrister Sjölin (Div. IV)Project Manager: Elin Vinger Elliot, IVA

Good Cities of the FutureChairman: Gabriel Urwitz, Segulah Advisor (Div. IX) Magnus Breidne, IVAJohan Celsing, Johan Celsing ArkitektkontorAnders Egelrud, Fortum SwedenMattias Tingvall, VattenfallUlrika Francke, Tyréns (Div. III)Kerstin Gillsbro, Jernhusen (MR)Gunilla Glasare, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and RegionsEmma Gretzer, Swedish Research Council FormasAnders Hall, Swedish National Police BoardStaffan Helgesson, Creandum Advisor SwedenArne Kaijser, KTH (Div. VI)Christer Larsson, Malmö CityIngalill Berglund, CEO Atrium LjungbergEva Nygren, Swedish Transport Administration (Div. III)Peter Nygårds, Swedbank (Div. III) Per Strömberg, ICA GruppenÅsa Söderström Jerring (Div. III)Project Manager: Staffan Eriksson, IVA

Innovation in the Forest IndustryChairman: Olof Persson (Div. VI)Lars Berglund, KTH (Div. V)Ingrid Bodin, PreemMagnus Breidne, IVA Magnus Hall, Vattenfall (Div. VIII)Carina Håkansson, Swedish Forest Industries Federation (Div. VIII)Per Lindberg, BillerudKorsnäs (Div. VIII)Sara Mazur, Ericsson (Div. XI)Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional GrowthLennart Rådström, (Div. VIII)Birgitta Sundblad, Innventia (Div. VIII)Peter Wågström, NCCJohan Öberg, BCGProject Manager: Mats Johnson, IVA

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Mentor4ResearchChairman: Rolf Skoglund, ID Invest (Div. XII)Magnus Breidne, IVABjörn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X)Jan Sandred, VINNOVA (adjunct member)Project Manager: Anders Gezelius, Strategize

NTA DigitalChairman: Anders Ynnerman, Linköping University (Div. XII)Marja Andersson, Science & Technology for All (NTA)Caroline Ankarcrona, Marcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial FoundationBengt Gustafsson, Uppsala UniversityElisabet Nihlfors, Uppsala UniversityDan Larhammar, Uppsala UniversityBritt Lindahl, Kristianstad UniversityStaffan Truvé, Interactive Institute (Div. XII)Gunilla Svingby, Malmö UniversityProject Manager: Johan Persson, IVA

Prince Daniel’s FellowshipHonorary Chairman: HRH Prince DanielChairman: Marcus Wallenberg (Div. VI)Carl Bennet, Carl Bennet AB (Div. XI)Karolin A. Johansson, The Royal CourtJohan Skarborg, Academic WorkJohan Weigelt, IVAProject Manager: Johan Weigelt, IVA

Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater CompetitivenessChairman: Anders Narvinger (Div. II)Senior Advisor: Björn Stigson, Stigson & PartnersKenneth Bengtsson, SystembolagetLeif Brodén (Div. VIII)Charlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI)Åke Iverfeldt, MistraHenrik Lampa, H&MErik Lautmann IVA Business Executives Council (Div. VI)Lars-Erik Liljelund, SEIMartin Lundstedt, Scania (Div. I)Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X)Gunilla Nordlöf, Swedish Agency for Economic and Regional GrowthMaud OlofssonJohan Skoglund, JMThomas Sterner, University of GothenburgÅke Svensson, Teknikföretagen (Div. I)Maria Ågren, Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyProject Manager: Caroline Ankarcrona, IVA

TekniksprångetChairman: Jan-Eric Sundgren, AB Volvo (Div. VII)Tomas Billing, NordstiernanHelen Dannetun, Linköping UniversityBörje Ekholm, Investor (Div. IX)Lena Gumaelius, Vetenskapens Hus (House of Science), KTHTobias Krantz, Confederation of Swedish Enterprise

Peter Larsson, Swedish Association of Graduate Engineers (Div. XI)Camilla Modéer, IVA (Div. XI)Björn O. Nilsson, IVA (Div. X)Anders Nyrén, Industrivärden (Div. IX)Håkan Sörman, Swedish Association of Local Authorities and Regions (Div. VI)Project Manager: Alexandra Ridderstad, IVA

Research OutlookChairman: Gunnar Svedberg (Div. IV)Magnus Breidne, IVACharlotte Brogren, VINNOVA (Div. XI)Andreas Göthenberg, STINTLars Hultman, Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research, SSF (Div. V)Åke Iverfeldt, MistraBirgitta Palmberger, Swedish Energy AgencyMalin Persson, Accuracy Ingenjörs- och Konsultbyrå (Div. XI)Ingrid Petersson, Swedish Research Council Formas (Div. X)Lars Rask, Knut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationMadelene Sandström, Knowledge Foundation (Div. XI)Ewa Ställdal, ForteEva Åkesson, Uppsala UniversityProject Manager: Martin Wikström

Electricity CrossroadsChairman: Bo Normark, Power Circle (Div. II)Lina Bertling Tjernberg, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)Erik Brandsma, Swedish Energy AgencyMagnus Breidne, IVARunar Brännlund, UMU (Div. IX)Mikael Dahlgren, ABBAnders Ferbe, IF MetallHåkan Feuk, E.ONMats Gustavsson, BolidenKjell Jansson, SwedenergyJohan Kuylenstierna, SEIUlf Moberg, SVKPeter Nygårds, Swedbank (Div. III)Birgitta Resvik, Fortum (Div. II)Andreas Regnell, VattenfallGunilla Saltin, SödraMaria Sandqvist, TeknikföretagenMaria Suner Fleming, Confederation of Swedish EnterpriseUlf Troedsson, SiemensProject Manager: Jan Nordling, IVA

PROGRAMME COUNCIL

Big DataChairman: Gösta Lemne (Div. XII)Pontus Johnson (Div. II)Jonas KjellstrandDaniel Langkilde (Student Council)Secretary: Johan Persson

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eHealthChairman: Ylva Hambraeus Björling (Div. XII)Bo Edvardsson (Div. VI)Hans Hentzell (Div. XI)Martin Ingvar (Div. XI)Secretary: Hampus Lindh

Energy PerspectivesChairman: Bo Normark (Div. II)Per Kågeson (Div. IX)Gert Nilson (Div. V)Gunilla SaltinLars Strömberg (Div. I)Secretary: Elin Vinger Elliot

New Markets/AfricaChairman: Ivan Öfverholm (Div. II)Peje Emilsson (Div. IX)Magnus Ericsson (Div. V)Mia Horn af Rantzien (Div. IX)Ann Louise Johansson (Div. VII)Margareta Norell Bergendahl (Div. I)Secretary: Joakim Rådström

DISTINCTIONS, SCHOLARSHIPS AND AWARDS

Medal CommitteeChairman: Arne Kaijser (Div. VI), members 2010, Chairman 2014Marianne Treschow (Div. VII) 2011–2015Karl-Olof Hammarkvist (Div. IX) 2012–2015Camilla Modéer (Div. XI) 2014–2016Krister Holmberg (Div. IV) 2014–2016Lars Strömberg (Div. I) 2014–2016Marie Schrewelius Arwidson (Div. VIII), new member 2015–2017Anders Ekblom (Div. X), new member 2015–2017

MedalsThe Academy’s Great Gold Medal was awarded to Honorary Doctor of Engineering Leif Östling for his extraordinary achievements as a business leader and CEO of Scania which, under his leadership, has developed into a world-leading heavy commercial vehicle company. His strategic leadership is based on conviction, sound knowledge and many years of experience. It is characterised by an integrated approach, consistency and great confidence in his colleagues. The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Mikael Eriksson for his groundbreaking and crucial work developing scientific profiles, con-cepts and technology for synchrotron rings at the research facilities MAX I, II, III and MAX IV (2016). Based on advanced, multidisciplinary research, he has found innovative solutions, and designed and implemented high-tech designs with untested technology for broad scientific applications. The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Mary Walshok for her groundbreaking achievements in promoting research-based,

innovation-driven enterprise. She has developed concepts and processes for the renewal of industry in various regions, including San Diego. In 1985 she started Connect at UC San Diego, a concept that was subsequently established in Sweden. The concept links entrepreneurs with capital and expertise at an early stage. The Academy’s Gold Medal was awarded to Professor Gert Wingårdh for his many years of excellence as an architect and creator of numerous praised and award-winning buildings in Sweden and abroad. For several decades Gert Wingårdh has had a strong influence on Swedish architec-ture and is an important role model for Sweden’s architects of today and tomorrow.

Hans Werthén FoundationIn 2015 18 scholarship recipients – seven women and eleven men – shared a total of SEK 1.8 million. The funds are primarily to be used for study in other countries. The recipients will study in Australia, USA, Germany, Czech Republic, the Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. The Foundation was established in 1990 in honour of Hans Werthén PhD for his lifework as an engineer and business leader.

Mentor4ResearchThe winners of the 2015 Mentor4Research, M4R and a scholarship of SEK 100,000 are Pedro Réu, PhD student in cell and molecular biology at Karolinska Institutet. He won for having the longest development journey during the programme. Mentor4Research is run by IVA and financed by VINNOVA. The purpose of the programme is to give researchers a bet-ter network of contacts in industry and help them realise the commercial potential of their research.

Stockholm Industry Water AwardStockholm Industry Water Award 2015 went to the Colorado-based US company CH2M. The company won the award for developing and refining methods to cleaning water and for increasing public acceptance of reusing water. CH2M has forged a path for applying social science research to better understand the underlying factors why people reject the idea of drinking reused water and what can be done to change that. The award goes to an enterprise that contributes to sustainable water management by reducing consumption and environmental impact. The award was established in 2000 by the Stockholm Water Foundation in cooperation with IVA and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development. It is administered by the Stockholm International Water Institute (SIWI).

King Carl XVI Gustaf 50th Anniversary FundThe Purpose of the Fund is to promote research, technical development and enterprise that contribute to the sustainable use of natural resources and the preservation of biodiversity. In 2015 the Fund distributed four scholarships of SEK 100,000 and six of SEK 85,000. The candidates are nominated by individuals who are members of IVA and/or active in research and enterprise. The scholarship recipients are announced on HM The King’s birthday and presented at a reception at the Royal Palace.

IVA’s Scientific Journalism Award – Hans Bergström AwardThe price was established based on a donation from IVA member Hans Bergström and is to promote a scientific approach in the media.

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The amount awarded is SEK 100,000. The 2015 award was presented to journalist Anders Bolling, Dagens Nyheter, at the Assembly of the Academy in June 2015. In conjunction with this there was a panel discussion with the Editor-in-Chief of Dagens Nyheter Peter Wolodarski and Cilla Benkö of Sveriges Radio. Journalists, communications specialists and the general public can nominate candidates. Authors, writers and journalists can be nominated, and the nominees can be individuals or an entire editorial staff or team of reporters.

Wallenberg Academy FellowsWallenberg Academy Fellows is a career programme where the most promising researchers in natural sciences, social sciences and the humanities receive resources for long-term development of their ventures. The programme was created by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation in close cooperation with five royal academies and sixteen Swedish universities. In 2015 nine Wallenberg Academy Fellows were announced. The grants total between SEK 5 and 9 million per researcher over a five-year period.

RESPONSES TO COMMISSION REPORTSIn 2015 IVA commented or expressed an opinion on the following proposals and reports for consideration:

Ministry of CultureRoadmap to Digitalize Terrestrial Radio in Sweden (SOU 2014:77)

Ministry of the Environment and EnergyFinal commission report from the Smart Grid Coordination Council – Plan for efficiency (SOU 2014:84)

Ministry of the Environment and EnergyNational Board of Housing, Building and Planning’s proposed strategy for the environmental quality goal: A Good Built Environment(M2014/2798/Mm)

Ministry of Health and Social AffairsThe Medical Products Agency’s report on the Government remit on homeopathic medicines (S2013/8560/FS)

Ministry of the Environment and EnergyCommission report for Swedish Energy Agency’s report on sea-based wind power M29015/2349/Ee

Ministry of the Environment and EnergyCommission report on proposal for Swedish application of almost zero energy buildings M2015/2507/Ee

Ministry of Enterprise, Energy and CommunicationsReport: A fund structure for innovation and growth (SOU 2015:64)

Ministry for Foreign AffairsCommission reports: Stricter export controls on military materials (SOU 2015:72) and Sanction exchange – more efficient sanctions in export control (SOU 2014:83) UD2015/1023/NIS

Ministry for Education and ResearchCommission report on report from Leadership Commission (U2014:11)(U2015/03779/UH)

Ministry of the Environment and EnergyCommission report: Proposal for overhaul the EU’s trading system for the period 2021–2030 M2015/03246/Kl

PUBLICATIONS

IVA-M seriesIVA-M 454: Mobilisation to increase regional attractiveness. A background report from IVA project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth project 2015, 48 pp.

IVA-M 455: Resource Efficiency – Facts and Trends Towards 2050. A report from IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2015 36 pp.

IVA-M 456: Hans Werthén – One of Sweden’s most prominent industrial-ists, A pamphlet produced by the Hans Werthén Fund at IVA, 2015, 16 pp.

IVA-M 457: Mobilisation to increase regional attractiveness – A background report from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2015, 48 pp.

IVA-M 458: Commemorative Booklet, A Tribute to the Memory of Carl-Gustaf Rossby (1898–1957), 2015, 68 pp.

IVA-M 459: Key factors to make Sweden more attractive and competitive. Report from IVA’s project Attractiveness for Sustainable Growth, 2015, 80 pp.

IVA-M 460: Resource Efficiency – Pathways to 2050. A report from the IVA project Resource Efficient Business Models – Greater Competitiveness, 2015, 52 pp.

IVA-M 461: Future electricity use. A project report from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 52 pp.

IVA-R-seriesIVA-R 481: Do Swede’s universities have the boards they deserve? IVA project Research Outlook, 2015, 16 pp.

IVA-R 482: Energy Storage – Electricity storage technologies. A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 36 pp.

IVA-R 483: Electricity production in Sweden. A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 24 pp.

IVA-R 484: Taxes and subsidies for electricity production – special study. A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 28 pp.

IVA-R 485: Scenarios for future electricity use, A study from IVA project Electricity Crossroads, 2015, 28 pp.

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OMBUDSMANJustice of the Supreme Administrative Court Erik Nymansson

AUDITORSAnki Bystedt, appointed by the GovernmentKarl-Olof Hammarkvist (Div. IX)Lars-Gunnar Mattsson (Div. VI)Peter Ekberg, Authorised Public AccountantJan Palmqvist, Authorised Public Accountant

INVESTMENT COMMITTEEChairman: Anne-Marie Pålsson (Div. IX)Hans Dalborg (Div. IX)Irma Rosenberg (Div. IX)Björn O. Nilsson, President of IVA (Div. X)Lotta Thörn, CFO IVA

FUNDING FOR IVA’s ACTIVITIESImplementation of the Academy’s projects is made possible by external funding. A sample of the companies, public authorities and foundations who contributed funds in 2015: ABBAtrium LjungbergBillerud-KorsnäsSwedish Energy AgencyE.ONErik Johan Ljungberg’s Education FundForteFormas

FortumHandelsbankenIngvar KampradJernhusenKnut and Alice Wallenberg FoundationMinistry of Enterprise, Energy and CommunicationsNordeaPreemRegion SkåneSCASEBSwedish National Agency for EducationThe Knowledge FoundationMistra – Foundation for Strategic Environmental ResearchSwedish Postcode FoundationSwedish Foundation for Strategic ResearchMarcus and Amalia Wallenberg Memorial FoundationSveaskogSvenska Kraftnät (Sweden’s national grid)SwedenergyConfederation of Swedish EnterpriseSwedish Construction Federation (BI).Swedish Association of Local Authorities and RegionsSwedegasSwedbankSödra SkogsägarnaTeknikföretagenThe Hans and Barbara Bergstrom FoundationSwedish Agency for Economic and Regional GrowthTyrénsVattenfallVINNOVAÅngpanneföreningens forskningsstiftelse

EMPLOYEES

Björn O. Nilsson, PresidentMonica Krutmeijer, Assistant to the President

Academy, staff and internationalJohan Weigelt, Secretary to the Academy, Executive Vice PresidentMaria DollhopfIngrid JanssonJohan Persson

ProjectsMagnus Breidne, Vice President ProjectsRickard AnderssonCaroline AnkarcronaKarin BymanJohan CarlstedtStaffan ErikssonMats JohnsonCaroline Linden

Hampus LindhJan NordlingMonica SannerblomElin Vinger ElliotGustaf WahlströmMartin Wikström

TekniksprångetAlexandra Ridderstad Wachtmeister, Project ManagerLinus BrandinUlrica GiltzeEva GlaumannTina Hemlin KäckeAnnie JohanssonMimmi JonssonNina RudbeckJohanna TheanderElisabet Welinder

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Business and CommunicationsCamilla Koebe, Vice President Business and CommunicationsPelle IsakssonHenrik LagerträdAnna LindbergLars NilssonLinda OlssonJoakim RådströmPär RönnbergJan Westberg

Finance, IT and AdministrationLotta Thörn, CFOLena AndersonJakob BjarnasonBarbara ErikssonSandra IvarssonMarika Thunberg PeterssonDiana Wilhelmsson

Property and Conference CentreLars Fog, Property ManagerLennart Ohlsson

IVA Conference CentreCharlotta Svedberg, Conference DirectorBritta AulioSherry BenzonAnn ClaussonAnna-Karin FriskoppsAnki FrykmanRobert KomakechMalin KratzLisa Wiklund

Björn O. Nilsson Lars FogCamilla Koebe Lotta ThörnMonica Krutmeijer Johan Weigelt Magnus Breidne

© Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, 2016P.O. Box 5073, SE-102 42 StockholmTel: +46 (0)8 791 29 00Fax: +46 (0)8 611 56 23E-mail: [email protected]: www.iva.se

ISSN: 1100-5645ISBN: 978-91-7082-913-0

Project Management: Jan Westberg, Gustaf WahlströmTexts: Lars Nilsson, Pär Rönnberg, Jan WestbergLayout: Pelle IsakssonPrinted by: Exakta

Photos: Mattias Edwall, Peter Knutson, Lars Pehrson/SvD/TT, Daniel Roos, Pär Rönnberg, Elin Vinger Elliot, Volvo Cars, Gustav Mårtensson, Scania, Solar Impulse | Revillard | Rezo.ch, Maria Dollhopf, Lund University, Martin Vinger Elliot, Jacob Karström, André de Loisted

RUNE LAGNEBORG CHRISTINA LAMPE-ÖNNERUD JOHAN LANDFORS JOHAN LANDFORS EMANUEL LANDSBERGER HENRIK LANGE JOHAN LANGE HÅKAN LANS ANDERS LANSNER HANS JØRGEN LARSEN ALLAN LARSSON GUNNAR LARSSON HANS LARSSON JAN LARSSON KARIN LARSSON KÅRE LARSSON LARS A LARSSON LARS G LARSSON MATS LARSSON PETER LARSSON PETER LARSSON STIG LARSSON STIG-GÖRAN LARSSON ULF LARSSON YNGVE LARSSON THOMAS LAURELL ERIK LAUTMANN KI JUN LEE YUAN TSEH LEE NILS LEFFLER BO LEHNERT BERTHOLD LEIBINGER MATS LEIJON MARTIN LEIMDÖRFER CAROLA LEMNE GÖSTA LEMNE BO LENERIUS RONNIE LETEN HANS LEVANDER CHRISTOFER LEYGRAF MOFANG LI WELLS LI JAN OLOF LIDEFELT SVEN LIDIN FINN LIED KLAUS LIESEN BERT LILJA JAN-OLOV LILJENZIN OTTO LIN JAN-OLOF LIND LOTTA LIND GÖRAN LINDAHL LENNART LINDAU ASSAR LINDBECK ANDERS LINDBERG BENGT LINDBERG KERSTIN LINDBERG GÖRANSSON HANS LINDBERG HELENA LINDBERG PER LINDBERG ULF LINDBERG GÖRAN LINDBERGH LARS LINDBLOM BERTIL LINDE BO LINDELL KERSTIN LINDELL KARL-AXEL LINDEROTH GEORG LINDGREN HANS LINDGREN INGVAR LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN MATS LINDGREN HAMPUS LINDH LOUISE LINDH BJÖRN LINDMAN JOHAN LINDMAN LEIF LINDMARK ELISABETH LINDNER ANDERS LINDQUIST EVA LINDQVIST GUNNAR LINDQVIST MARTIN LINDQVIST PER-ARNE LINDQVIST SVANTE LINDQVIST ANDERS LINDROTH ANNA LINDSTEDT COATES BO S LINDSTRÖM KATARINA LINDSTRÖM MIKAEL LINDSTRÖM MÅRTEN LINDSTRÖM TOM LINDSTRÖM BO LINDVALL PER-ERIK LINDVALL LUDWIK LISZKA INGEMAR LITZELL JOHAN LIU LENNART LJUNG LARS LJUNGDAHL CAMILLA LJUNGGREN LOTTA LJUNGQVIST KARIN LJUNGSTRÖM SVEN-OLOF LODIN RON LONG ERLING LORENTZEN AMORY B. LOVINS QIANG LU VILHJÁLMUR LUDVIKSSON FREDRIK LUNDBERG JAN M LUNDBERG MAGNUS LUNDBERG NICKLAS LUNDBLAD ERIK LUNDGREN JOHAN LUNDGREN NILS LUNDGREN ULF LUNDGREN GÖRAN LUNDIN STEFAN LUNDMARK GUDMAR LUNDQVIST PER LUNDQVIST ULF LUNDQVIST MARTIN LUNDSTEDT BO LUNDSTRÖM INGEMAR LUNDSTRÖM RUNE LUNDSTRÖM STELLAN LUNDSTRÖM GÖRAN LUNDWALL LENNART LÜBECK ANDERS LYBERG SVEN LÖCHEN BENGT LÖFKVIST SVEN LÖFQUIST CARL-GUSTAV LÖNNBORG PER LÖTSTEDT MICHAEL G:SON LÖW JAN LÖWSTEDT PER-OLOF LÖÖF GERO MADELUNG CLAES MAGNUSSON DAVID MAGNUSSON TORBJÖRN MAGNUSSON GÖRAN S. MALM ANDREAS MALMBERG JOHAN MALMQUIST MARTIN MALMSTEN EVA MALMSTRÖM JONSSON ROBERT MALPAS KARIN MARKIDES ANDERS MARTIN-LÖF SVERKER MARTIN-LÖF JAN MARTINSSON BO MATTIASSON SVEN MATTISSON LARS-GUNNAR MATTSSON OVE MATTSSON ULF MATTSSON ÖRJAN MATTSSON JOHN MAYO KIRAN MAZUMDAR-SHAW SARA MAZUR SARAH MCPHEE CARVER A MEAD DAG MEJDELL ARNE MELANDER JUDITH MELIN ARNE MELLGREN LARS MELLGREN ALAIN MÉRIEUX MIRKA MIKES-LINDBÄCK MILLE MILLNERT ÅSA MINOZ FRANÇOIS MIQUEL KRISTINA MJÖRNELL ANDERS MOBERG CHRISTINA MOBERG CATHARINA MODAHL NILSSON CAMILLA MODÉER SARA MODIG HÅKAN MOGREN PER-ERIK MOHLIN PETER MOLDÉUS JOHAN MOLIN PER MOLIN MICHAEL MONONEN LEON MONTELL HELMUT MORITZ HANNA MOSS JAN MOSTRÖM OSAMU MOTOJIMA STAFFAN MOVIN INGEMAR MUNDEBO RUIZ EMILIO MUÑOZ EARLL M MURMAN ALEXANDER MYERS EGIL MYKLEBUST JAN-ANDERS MÅNSON OLA MÅNSSON ARNE MÅRTENSSON KAJ MÅRTENSSON YVONNE MÅRTENSSON MART MÄGI ERNA MÖLLER LARS NABSETH SOPHIE NACHEMSON-EKWALL TOMOKO M. NAKANISHI VENKATESH NARAYANAMURTI ANDERS NARVINGER JULIUS NATTERER TOMAS NAUCLÉR LENA NEIJ ROBERT M NEREM IVARS NERETNIEKS YRJÖ NEUVO KERSTIN NIBLAEUS MARTIN NICKLASSON TOMAS NICOLIN JENS NIELSEN JOHN RUNE NIELSEN LARS NIELSEN GERT NILSON ANN-MARIE NILSSON BJÖRN O. NILSSON ELISABETH NILSSON HANS NILSSON JÖRGEN NILSSON KRISTINA L NILSSON LARS-OLOF NILSSON LARSGUNNAR NILSSON LEIF NILSSON MIKAEL NILSSON NILS J. NILSSON OLLE NILSSON AINA NILSSON STRÖM SVEN-CHRISTER NILSSON THOMAS NILSSON ANNA NILSSON VINDEFJÄRD ANNA NILSSON-EHLE STEN NORDBERG BENGT NORDÉN WILLIAM D NORDHAUS BENGT NORDIN STIG NORDQVIST ANDERS NORDSTRAND LARS E NORDSTRÖM LARS G NORDSTRÖM MARGARETA NORELL BERGENDAHL SUSANNE NORGREN TORBJÖRN NORIN MALCOLM NORLIN BO NORMARK STAFFAN NORMARK MIKAEL NORR HANS NORRSTRÖM CURT NORSTEDT CHRISTER NORSTRÖM ALASTAIR NORTH LARS NYBERG THORSTEN NYBOM LARS NYBORG JONAS NYCANDER EVA NYGREN JAN NYGREN PETER NYGÅRDS CARL-ERIK NYQUIST ORVAR NYQUIST ANDERS NYRÉN STAFFAN NÄSSTRÖM BØRGE OBEL AGNETA ODÉN MIKAEL ODENBERG BJÖRN ODLANDER BJÖRN ODLANDER RAGNAR OHLSON LENNART OHLSSON JORMA OLLILA JAN OLLNER DAN OLOFSSON MAGNUS OLOFSSON PIERRE OLOFSSON GREGORY B. OLSON CURT G OLSSON HANS-OLOV OLSSON LINDA OLSSON M INGEMAR OLSSON MORGAN OLSSON OLLE OLSSON ULF OLSSON ULF OLSSON LENA OLVING LENA OLVING ROBERT ONSANDER VYTAUTAS OSTASEVICIUS LARS OTTOSON FREDRIK PALLIN JAN-OVE PALMBERG BENGT PALMÉR INGEGERD PALMÉR JUNI PALMGREN ANDERS PALMQVIST HOMAN PANAHI ANTON PANNENBORG DATTATRAY PARASNIS MALIN PARKLER BORIS PATON JOSEPH PAULRAJ AROGYASWAMI OLOF PAULSSON IMRE PÁZSIT BERTIL PEKKARI MAGNUS PENKER VIRGIL PERCEC MIKAEL PERDIN BERTIL PERSSON GÖRAN A PERSSON JAN-CRISTER PERSSON JOHAN PERSSON LENNART PERSSON MALIN PERSSON MATS PERSSON MICHAEL E PERSSON NILS-GÖRAN PERSSON OLOF PERSSON STEFAN PERSSON TORSTEN PERSSON INGRID PETERSSON PER-ERIK PETERSSON ANDERS PETTERSSON HENRI PIATIER GIORGIO PICCI MARIE-PAULE PILENI BYRON PIPES BERND PISCHETSRIEDER MADJIDI POOYA MARIA POPPEN WIKLANDER TOBIAS PORSERUD MICHAEL PORTER ASHKAN POUYA WILLIAM POWERS MARIKA PSON ANNE-MARIE PÅLSSON SVANTE PÄÄBO MARIAN RADETZKI LARS RAMQVIST KARL-GUSTAV RAMSTRÖM JUHA RANTANEN ANDERS RANTZER ANDERS RASMUSON JØRGEN RASSING FINN RAUSING HANS RAUSING SVEN-OLOV REFTMARK LAURE REINHART MAGNUS RENÉ LARS RENSTRÖM BIRGITTA RESVIK ANDERS RIETZ RUDOLF RIGLER PATRIK RIGNELL MATS G RINGESTEN ARNE RISBERG ROBERT O. RITCHIE JOHAN RITTNER HANS ROBERTSON JOHAN ROCKSTRÖM CLAS ROLANDER ASBJØRN ROLSTADÅS GÖRAN ROOS CARL WILHELM ROS SUNE ROSELL BJÖRN ROSÉN IRMA ROSENBERG BJÖRN ROSENGREN LARS-GÖRAN ROSENGREN HANS ROSLING JENS ROSTRUP-NIELSEN DAVID ROWCLIFFE EVA RUDBERG PER-ARNE RUDBERT HENRIK RUNNEMALM FREDRIK RUNNQUIST SVEIN RUUD NILS RYDBECK BENGT RYDÉN BO RYDIN FREDRIK RYDIN ANDERS RYLANDER ANNA RYOTT HANNU RYÖPPÖNEN LENNART RÅDSTRÖM KARIN RÖDING MIKAEL RÖNNHOLM AULIS SAARINEN MERNOSH SAATCHI PAUL SAFFO KARL-ERIK SAHLBERG KERSTIN SAHLIN MAURITZ SAHLIN ELISABET SALANDER BJÖRKLUND GUNILLA SALTIN AVELINO SAMARTIN JOSEPH SAMEC JONAS SAMUELSON LARS SAMUELSON JONAS SAMUELSSON ANN-SOFIE SANDBERG GÖRAN SANDBERG HANS SANDBERG OLOF SANDBERG JOHN SANDBLOM JOHAN SANDELL OLOF SANDÉN TOMAS SANDEN ANNA SANDER ÅKE SANDER ERIK SANDEWALL MADELENE SANDSTRÖM ROLF SANDSTRÖM PIA SANDVIK PHILIPPE SANSONETTI BJÖRN SAVÉN ANDERS SCHARP CECILIA SCHELIN SEIDEGÅRD DAVID SCHINDLER ROLAND SCHMITT ARWIDSON SCHREWELIUS OLA SCHULTZ-EKLUND PETER SCHURTENBERGER JAN-ÅKE SCHWEITZ LOUIS SCHWEITZER JOHAN SCHÜCK MELKER SCHÖRLING NILS-HERMAN SCHÖÖN HELÉN SEEMANN BAL RAJ SEHGAL ULRICH SEIFFERT YASUJI SEKINE SACHIO SEMMOTO ERIK SERRANO HOMI SETHNA EUGENE SHCHUKIN DAN SHECHTMAN JOHN SHEPHERD JOHAN SIBERG LENA-KAJSA SIDÉN CHRISTIAN SIEVERT HANS SIEVERTSSON DAG SIGURD OZIRES SILVA KERSTIN SIRVELL RUNE SIRVELL JOHAN SJÖ ANDERS SJÖBERG BERNDT SJÖBERG LENNART SJÖBERG SÖREN SJÖLANDER CHRISTER SJÖLIN LARS-INGE SJÖQVIST LARS SJÖSTEDT SVEN-ERIK SJÖSTRAND OLOF SJÖSTRÖM JOHAN SKOGLUND ROLF SKOGLUND MAGNUS SKOGLUNDH HARALD SKOGMAN INGRID SKOGSMO KENTH SKOGSVIK HANS SKOOG HÅKAN SKUTBERG ROLF SKÅR ANDERS SLETTENGREN ANDERS SNELL SARA SNOGERUP LINSE MICHAEL SOHLMAN EVELYN SOKOLOWSKI JIAN SONG METE SOZEN JAN-OLOF SPERLE ERICH SPITZ BJÖRN SPRÄNGARE LOTHAR SPÄTH YNGVE STADE KARI STADIGH ANITRA STEEN JONAS STEEN SVEN STEEN LARS STEHN STIG STENDAHL ERIK STENEROTH URBAN STENHEDE PER STENIUS BENGT STENLUND ANNIKA STENSSON TRIGELL PER STENSTRÖM OLOV STERNER JOHAN STERTE HÅKAN STILLE HELENA STJERNHOLM PETER STOICA MARCUS STORCH MINNA STORM PER STORM KJELL STRANDBERG LARS STRANNEGÅRD HANS STRÅBERG LARS STRÖMBERG MARCUS STRÖMBERG PER STRÖMBERG PETER STRÖMBÄCK FREDRIK STRÖMHOLM MARIA STRÖMME BO STRÖMQVIST DAG STRÖMQVIST LJOT STRÖMSENG LARS STUGEMO BENGT STYMNE JAN-ERIC STÅHL STEFAN STÅHL SANDBERG MARIE STÄLLVIK NAM PYO SUH CARL JOHAN SUNDBERG KAJSA SUNDBERG ÅSA SUNDBERG BIRGITTA SUNDBLAD LARS SUNDBLAD JAN-ERIC SUNDGREN BO SUNDQVIST ANDERS SUNDSTRÖM KARL-HENRIK SUNDSTRÖM TORBJÖRN SUNESON SUBRA SURESH WOJCIECH SUWALA CARL-HENRIC SVANBERG SUNE SVANBERG TINA SVANBERG-LUNDGREN BJÖRN SVEDBERG GUNNAR SVEDBERG TORD SVEDBERG MATS SVEGFORS HÅKAN SVENNERSTÅL CHRISTER SVENSSON JAN SVENSSON JONAS SVENSSON SVANTE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON ÅKE SVENSSON JAN SVÄRD BIRGITTA SWEDENBORG THOMAS SÄTMARK RIKARD SÖDERBERG STAFFAN SÖDERBERG ULF SÖDERGREN PATRIK SÖDERHOLM HANS TSON SÖDERSTRÖM ÅSA SÖDERSTRÖM JERRING JOHAN SÖDERSTRÖM LARS-OLOV SÖDERSTRÖM LENA SÖDERSTRÖM SVERKER SÖRLIN HÅKAN SÖRMAN PIRKKO TAMSEN CHRISTOFFER TAXELL TUULA TEERI GREG TEGART MICHAEL TENDLER CHRISTINA TENFÄLT BJÖRN TENGROTH HENRIK TENGSTRAND JAN TENGZELIUS PÁL TÉTÉNYI CLAES THEGERSTRÖM DIRK THOENES HANS THOMANN BERTIL THORNGREN TOMAS THORVALDSSON BENGT THULIN LARS H THUNELL HENRIK THUNMAN MIKAEL THUNVED LARS THYLÉN LOTTA THÖRN FREDRIK TIBERG PATRIK TIGERSCHIÖLD ANNE-MARIE TILLMAN AZUSA TOMIURA JAN TORIN ANNA-KARIN TORNBERG HARALD TORNINGER ANNA TORNINGER-PEMBE LARS TORSTENSSON LINUS TORVALDS HAMADOUN I. TOURÉ MARIANNE TRESCHOW MICHAEL TRESCHOW LENA TRESCHOW TORELL ULF TROEDSSON STEN TROLLE JAMES TRUCHARD STAFFAN TRUVÉ GÖRAN TUNHAMMAR ANTHONY TURNER KYÖSTI TUUTTI MARGARETA TÖRNQVIST VILMOS TÖRÖK JAN UDDENFELDT INGRID UDÉN MOGENSEN MATHIAS UHLÉN BJÖRN UHRENIUS ANDERS ULFVARSON ANDERS ULLBERG CHRISTINA ULLENIUS ANDERS ULLMAN SVEN ULLRING JONAS UNGER JAAK URMI HANS URSING HEINRICH URSPRUNG GABRIEL URWITZ JAMES UTTERBACK HÅKAN VALBERG ANNA VALTONEN HENDRIK VAN BRUSSEL CEES VAN LEDE MARC VAN MONTAGU FRANK VANG-JENSEN NILS-GÖSTA VANNERBERG ANDERS VEDIN BENGT-ARNE VEDIN EVGENY VELIKHOV JÖRGEN VESSMAN CECILIA VIEWEG GÖSTA VIKING JURGIS VILEMAS ALEXANDER VON GABAIN GUNNAR VON HEIJNE CASPER VON KOSKULL ERIK VON SYDOW HANS VON UTHMANN TOM VON WEYMARN MATTI VUORIA ULF WAHLBERG TORBJÖRN WAHLBORG BJÖRN WAHLROOS JANE WALERUD ANDERS WALL JAN WALLANDER HARRIET WALLBERG JACOB WALLENBERG PETER WALLENBERG JR MARCUS WALLENBERG SVEN WALLGREN AMELIE WALLIN MARY WALSHOK ALEXANDRA WALUSZEWSKI YU-ZHU WANG CHRISTER WANNHEDEN AGNETA WARGSJÖ PER-OLOF WEDIN PÄR WEIHED PETER WEISS SVEN WEJDLING GERT WENDROTH HÅKAN WENNERSTRÖM DAN WERBIN ANDERS WERME GUNNAR WESSMAN HEIJE WESTBERG JAN WESTBERG ULF WESTBERG MARGARETA WESTER LARS WESTERBERG BARBRO WESTERHOLM PER-HÅKAN WESTIN HENRIK WESTLING HÅKAN WESTLING PER WESTLUND ALBERT WESTWOOD GUNNAR WETTERBERG JAMES A WEYHENMEYER CLAUS WEYRICH STEFAN WIDEGREN EVA WIGREN EVA WIGREN HANS WIGZELL CLAS WIHLBORG HANS WIJERS OLLE WIJK JAN WIKANDER STEN WIKANDER ÖRJAN WIKFORSS MARTIN WIKLUND MARTIN WIKSTRÖM SOLVEIG WIKSTRÖM ÅKE WIKSTRÖM ANNE MARIE WILHELMSEN CLAES WILHELMSSON KRISTINA WILLGÅRD ANNA WILSON ROLAND WIMMERSTEDT FREDRIK WINBERG GERT WINGÅRDH PERNILLA WINNHED GREGORY WINTER MARCO WIRÉN HERBERT WIRTH JONAS WISTRÖM JONAS WISTRÖM ARNE WITTLÖV HENNING WITTMEYER CLAES WOHLIN LARS WOHLIN SVANTE WOLD MICHAEL WOLF ROLF WOLFF LARS WOLLUNG BJÖRN WOLRATH EUGENE WONG JOHAN WOXENIUS JISONG WU SIEGFRIED ZHIQIANG WU LARS WÅGBERG PETER WÅGSTRÖM KLAS WÅHLBERG PETER WÅLLBERG PETER WÅLLBERG TORGNY WÄNNSTRÖM GUANHUA XU KUANGDI XU RONGLIE XU HAJIME YAMASHINA SHUNPEI YAMAZAKI IVAN YATES JUHA YLÄ-JÄÄSKI ANDERS YNNERMAN NAOYA YODA HIROYUKI YOSHIKAWA GERMAN ZAGAINOV IVO ZANDER JENS ZANDER UDO ZANDER RICHARD NEIL ZARE NIKLAS ZENNSTRÖM LARS H ZETTERBERG JI ZHOU INGEGERD ÅGREN JOHN ÅGREN SVEN ÅGRUP PÄR ÅHLSTRÖM ANNIKA ÅHNBERG BENGT ÅKESSON KARL-ERIK ÅRZÉN SIVBORG SUSANNE ÅS NILS G ÅSLING CHRISTER ÅSLUND NILS ÅSLUND MONICA ÅSMYR IRMA ÅSTRAND LARS ÅSTRAND JAN ÅSTRÖM KARL JOHAN ÅSTRÖM JOHAN ÖBERG ÅKE ÖBERG HALLVARD ØDEGAARD IVAN ÖFVERHOLM FREDRIK ÖHRN INGEMAR ÖHRN LARS ÖJEFORS PER ANDERS ÖRTENDAHL GUSTAF ÖSTBERG JAN-OVE ÖSTENSEN JERRY ÖSTER LEIF ÖSTLING LARS ÖSTMAN

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