tr log b e o i atuan u n ap i g - warungeo gunung...
TRANSCRIPT
PENDAHULUAN 1X
Berisi tentang latarbelakang, bumi, batuan beku dan
batuan gunung api, dan kedudukan di bidang geologi
TATAAN TEKTONIK 2X
Berisi tentang tektonik global, regim tektonik, dan
peranannya dalam magmatisme dan volkanisme
GENERASI MAGMA 2X
Berisi tentang magmatisme, diagram fase
KLASIFIKASI 2X
Klasifikasi magma atau afinitas magma
Rock Forming Mineral 1X
Kimia Mineral Pembentuk Batuan 1X
Petrologi Batuan Intrusi Dangkal 2X
Petrologi Batuan Gunung Api 2X
Alterasi Batuan Gunung Api 1X
Rock-forming mineral, any mineral that forms igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks and that typically, or
solely, forms as an intimate part of rock-making processes. In
contrast are those minerals that have a limited mode of
occurrence or are formed by more unusual processes, such
as the ores of metals, vein minerals, and cavity fillings. Also,
some precipitates and secondary minerals are not properly
classified as rock-forming minerals; these form at a later time
than the original rock and tend to destroy its original
character. Some mineralogists limit the rock-forming minerals
to those that are abundant in a rock and that are usually
called essential minerals, a definition implying that they are
those most significant in studying the rock-making processes.
The six minerals olivine, quartz, feldspar, mica,
pyroxene and amphibole are the commonest rock-forming minerals and are used as
important tools in classifying rocks, particularly
igneous rocks. Except for quartz, all the minerals listed are actually mineral groups.
silicate[sil-i-kit, -keyt]
noun
1.Mineralogy. any of the largest group of mineral compounds,
as quartz, beryl, garnet, feldspar, mica, and various kinds of clay,
consisting of SiO2 or SiO4 groupings and one or more metallic ions,
with some forms containing hydrogen. Silicates constitute well
over 90 percent of the rock-forming minerals of the earth's crust.
2. Chemistry. any salt derived from the silicic acids or from silica.
Mineralogically, silicate minerals are divided according to structure of
their silicate anion into the following groups:
•Nesosilicates (lone tetrahedron) – [SiO4]4−, e.g. olivine.
•Sorosilicates (double tetrahedra) – [Si2O7]6−, e.g. epidote, melilite group.
•Cyclosilicates (rings) – [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. tourmaline group.
•Inosilicates (single chain) – [SinO3n]2n−, e.g. pyroxene group.
•Inosilicates (double chain) – [Si4nO11n]6n−, e.g. amphibole group.
•Phyllosilicates (sheets) – [Si2nO5n]2n−, e.g. micas and clays.
•Tectosilicates (3D framework) – [AlxSiyO2x+2y)]x−, e.g. quartz, feldspars, zeolites.
Note that tectosilicates can only have additional cations if some of the
silicon is replaced by a lower-charge cation such as aluminium. Al for Si
substitution is common.