Tr xanh ng chai GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Hi

Tr xanh ng chai GVHD: Nguyn Thanh Hi

I. Gii thiuT xa, tr xanh c xem nh mt thn dc i vi sc kho con ngi. N va tng sc khng, gi c th kho mnh, chng li cc tc nhn gy bnh, va gim stress, gip tinh thn sng khoi, minh mn v kch thch suy ngh sng to. Ngoi ra, tr xanh cn ngn nga bnh vim khp v ung th rt hiu qu. Vi nhng li ch k trn, cy ch ang c pht trin bn vng vi nhng vng trng ch ni ting nh: Ph Th, Lm ng, Thi Nguyn, Lai Chu... v sn phm tr Vit Nam cng c xut khu sang nhiu nc trn th gii. Ti Vit Nam, cc sn phm t cy ch cng ang rt c a chung nh: tr kh (tr xanh, tr en, tr ), tr ha tan, tr ng chai...c bit sn phm tr xanh ng chai ang rt ph bin hin nay. Tr xanh ng chai c nhng tnh cht nh: c ng chai pet nh gn, ph hp vi mi la tui, c hng v thm ngon d chu, v vy sn phm ny rt thun tin khi i du lch, chi th thao, i picnic, lm vic ti vn phng, n ung ti nh hng, v trong gia nh. Bn cnh , cc nh sn xut sn phm tr xanh ng chai khng ngng nghin cu v pht trin a dng ha sn phm, v to nn mt bc t ph mi i vi dng sn phm ny l tr xanh ng chai c gas. Sn phm ny thch hp vi i tng l nhng bn tr nng ng, sng to v y nhit huyt. Nhng iu trn mang li mt thng ip y ha hn cho ngnh sn xut nc gii kht nc ta vi mc tiu ngy cng pht trin v vn xa hn trong tng lai khng ch Vit Nam m trn ton th gii.1. Mt s sn phm tr ng chai trn th trng hin nayCh xut hin vi nm tr li y, nhng sn phm tr xanh ng chai hin ang rt ph bin trn th trng Vit Nam. Hng lot cc sn phm tr xanh ln lt ra i nh: Tr xanh 0 ca cng ty Tn Hip Pht, Tr xanh C2, tr xanh 100,....

Hnh 1 : Tr xanh 0

Hnh 2: Tr xanh 100 v tr xanh JCha2. Phn loiC nhiu cch phn loi sn phm tr xanh ng chai2.1 Phn loi theo cc thnh phn b sungTr xanh ng chai truyn thng: khng b sung ng, cc hng liu,... ch c s dng mt s cht bo qun.

Hnh 3: Tr xanh Aya Hawk, mt dng sn phm tr xanh ca Nht Bn, trong thnh phn ch c nc, tr v mt s cht bo qun. Tr xanh ng chai gii kht: c b sung ng, cc loi hng liu v mt s thnh phn khc...Bao gm mt s loi: B sung cc loi hng v cc thnh phn dinh dng khc du, nho, chanh, mt ong, tho dc...

Hnh 4: Tr xanh C2 hng chanh, cam, du, o v tr Dr Thanh (b sung cc loi tho dc) C b sung gas hoc khng c gas:

Hnh 5: Tr xanh c gas Ikun2.2 Phn loi theo hnh dng bao bCc sn phm tr xanh c th ng trong cc dng nh: chai Pet (360ml, 500ml...), chai thy tinh, lon thic hoc hp giy.

Hnh 6: Cc dng bao b sn phm2.3 Theo tn cc quc gia sn xutNgoi cc sn phm tr Vit Nam, cn c cc sn phm tr xanh ng chai Trung Quc, Nht Bn, Thy in...

Hnh 7: Sn phm tr xanh ng chai ca Thy in

Hnh 8: Sn phn tr xanh ng chai ca Nht Bn

Hnh 9: Sn phm tr xanh ng chai ca Trung QucII. Nguyn liu 1. Tr kh

Hnh 10: Tr kh nguyn liuL ch kh s dng l loi l ch xanh c qua qu trnh ln men? v c khong di 10% lng tanin trong nguyn liu b oxy ha. Dch trch ca tr xanh c mu xanh cm non hoc xanh nh vng, hng thm, v cht v ng ni r nhng c hu v ngt. Sn phm ch xanh c nh gi qua cc ch tiu ha l, bao gm: m Hm lng cht kh ha tan Hm lng polyphenol Hm lng caffeine Hm lng khong Hm lng ch cm, ch vnCn da vo tnh cht cm quan, ch xanh thng c phn ra thnh 6 loi:Bng 1 : Phn loi sn phm tr xanhTn loi chNgoi hnhMu ncHngV

c bitMu xanh t nhin, cnh ch di, xon u non, c tuytXanh, vng trong sngThm mnh t nhin thong cmm du c hu v ngt

OPMu xanh t nhin, cnh ch di, xon tng i uVng xanh sngThm t nhin, tng i mnhCht m, du d chu

PMu xanh t nhin, cnh ch ngn hn OP, tng i xon thong cngVng sngThm t nhinCht tng i du, c hu v

BPMu xanh t nhin, mnh nh hn ch P, tng i non uVng tng i sngThm t nhin, t c trngCht tng i du, c hu

BPSMu vng xanh xm, mnh nh tng i u, nh hn BPVng hi mThm va thong hng giCht hi xt

FMu vng xm, nh hn tng i uVng mThm nhCht m xt

2.NcNc l nguyn liu quan trng trong cng nghip sn xut thc ung do nc chim mt t l cao hn rt nhiu cc hp cht ha hc khc c trong sn phm. Cc nh sn xut thng dng nc ngm sn xut nhng sn phm thc ung pha ch.Cht lng nc c nh gi qua ba nhm ch tiu sau y:- Ch tiu cm quan: quan trng nht l c, mu, mi v v.- Ch tiu ha l: bao gm cng, kim, tng cht kh, oxy ha, dn in, hm lng cc cation v anion c trong nc. sn xut thc ung dng pha ch, ngi ta s dng nc c cng cng thp cng tt. Thng thng cng ca nc sau khi x l khng c vt qu 1mg ng lng / lt.- Ch tiu vi sinh: gm c cc chi tiu c bn nh tng s vi khun hiu kh, Coliforms tng s, Coliform phn ...Hin nay c nhiu phng php c s dng x l nc nguyn liu:- Phng php vt l : lng, lc, phn ring bng membrane, in thm tch, x l nhit, x l chn khng, x l bng tia UV... - Phng php ha hc: da trn c s khoa hc ca cc phn ng trao i, phn ng oxy ha, x l bng acid hoc kim, x l bng cc cht c ch vi sinh vt...- Phng php ha l: kt lng, trao i ion, hp ph...Ty thuc vo cht lng ngun nc u vo m mi nh my s t xy dng quy trnh x l nc sao cho ph hp. Nu ngun nc u vo c cht lng tt, t b ln cc tp cht v c, hu c v vi sinh vt th quy trnh x l nc s n gin v t tn chi ph x l.3. Cht to v ngtCht ngt c s dng ch yu trong ngnh cng nghip thc ung l ng saccharose. Saccharose c thu nhn t ma hoc c ci ng. Thng thng ngi ta s dng saccharose dng tinh th v c tinh sch cao. ng saccharose tinh luyn c hm lng saccharose khng thp hn 99,8%, m khng qu 0,05%, hm lng tro v mu phi thp hn 0,03%.Ngoi ra, cc nh sn xut cn c th s dng nhng loi ng khc nh:- ng nghch o: l hn hp glucose v fructose vi t l mol l 1:1. ng nghch o c sn xut t saccharose, s dng xc tc l acid (acid citric, tartaric, lactic hoc phosphoric) hoc ch phm enzyme invertase.- Syrup giu fructose (high fructose syrup): c 3 loi syrup thng phm vi hm lng fructose ln lt l 42%, 55% v 90% so vi tng lng cht kh ca syrup. Cc thnh phn cn li trong syrup l glucose v mt t cc loi oligosaccharide khc. Syrup giu fructose sn xut t tinh bt. Ngi ta s dng hai nhm ch phm enzyme xc tc phn ng chuyn ha: enzyme thy phn tinh bt thnh glucose ( alpha - amylase v glucoamylase) v enzyme chuyn ha mt phn glucose trong dch thy phn thnh fructose (glucoisomerase).

Hnh 11: Sn phm HFS thng mi4. Cht to v chuaTrong cng nghip sn xut thc ung, cc acid hu c c s dng to v chua cho sn phm. Ngoi chc nng to v, acid hu c cn c tc dng c ch vi sinh vt, gp phn ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. Ph bin nht l acid citric, tartaric v malic. Trong cng nghip sn xut tr xanh c gas, ngi ta c th s dng acid phosphoric. Acid citric (C6H8O7)

Hnh 12: cng thc cu to acid citricNgun gc: acid citric c nhiu trong nhm tri cy c mi, c bit trong tri chanh nn c gi l acid chanh.Sn xut: hin nay ta sn xut acid citric bng phng php ln men vi sinh vt, s dng Aspergilus niger. Hm lng acid citric thu c trong dch ln men c th ln n ti 130kg/ m3.Acid citric l cht to v chua thch hp cho sn phm tr xanh ng chai ni ring v sn phm cc loi nc gii kht pha ch ni chung. Acid citric s lm cho sn phm c v chua tng t nh nc p t tri cy c mi. Ngoi ra, acid citric c tc dng c ch s pht trin ca vi khun, v nm mc ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm.Ch tiu acid citric dng trong thc phm:Tn ch tiun v oMc quy nh

Hm lng acid citricTro Ch Arsen Sulphate (%)(%)mg/kgmg/kg(%)Khng thp hn 99,5%Khng vt qu 0,05Khng vt qu 10Khng vt qu 3Khng pht hin

Acid malic (C4H6O5):

Hnh13: Cng thc cu to acid malicAcid malic c v chua gt. Tinh th acid malic c kh nng ht m cao hn so vi cc acid hu c khc v ha tan rt tt trong nc. Trong t nhin acid malic c nhiu trong tri to nn c gi l acid to.Trong sn xut thc ung, acid malic c s dng chnh pH v to v chua, n cn c s dng chng cc phn ng ha nu v c tc dng tng h vi mt s cht chng oxy ha.Ngy nay, acid malic c tng hp bng phng php ha hc v ln men.Acid tartaric (C4H6O6)

Hnh 14: Cng thc acid tartaricAcid tartaric c v chua gt v ha tan tt trong nc. Cng gin nh acid malic, acid tartaric cng c tc dng chnh pH, to v v chng qu trnh oxy ha.Hin nay, acid tartaric c sn xut bng phng php trch ly b nho hoc tng hp t vi sinh vt. 5. Cht to hngCc nh sn xut thc ung hu ht u s dng cc ch phm hng to ra nhng hng v c trng t nhin cho mi loi sn phm. Cc ch phm hng c th t nhng nguyn liu t nhin hoc nhng nguyn liu tng hp. Cc loi hng tri cy thng c b sung vo trong thc ung nh: cam, chanh, to, du rng, ... Hm lng cc cu t d bay hi v to mi trong sn phm tr thng rt thp, trung bnh 10-15mg/kg.Ch phm hng s dng trong sn xut thc ung chia thnh 3 nhm: Nhm tan trong du Nhm tan trong nc Dng hn hp ca c hai nhm trnCu t to nn mi c trng mt s loi tri cy:Cu tMi Tri cy

2-trans-4-cis decandienoicethyl ester LL

BenzaldehydeHnh oHnh o, anh o, mn

Neral geranial Chanh Chanh

1 (p-hydroxyphenyl)-3-butanonePhc bn tPhc bn t

6. Cht c ch vi sinh vtTrong cng nghip thc phm c bit l trong ngnh sn xut thc ung, ngi ta s dng cc cht c ch vi sinh vt kh ph bin nhm mc ch ko di thi gian bo qun sn phm. Cc cht c ch vi sinh vt thng dng bao gm: nhm cht hu c v nhm cht v c. Nhm cht hu c gm c acid sorbic v mui sorbate, acid benzoic v mui benzoate, paraben... Nhm cht v c th c sulfite v kh carbon dioxide...7. Carbon dioxideCarbon dioxide CO2 c trong mt s loi nc khong thin nhin. Ngy nay xut hin loi sn phm tr xanh c gas c bo ha CO2. Kh CO2 s gp phn to nn mi v c trng cho sn phm. Ngoi ra, CO2 cn tham gia vo phn ng H2CO3 = CO2 +H2O, y l phn ng thun nghch, phn ng ny thu nhit nn lm cho nhit nc tr khi ung vo h xung nn ta cm gic mt lnh, nht l ma h, gip cho c th c gii kht.Hm lng CO2 trong bnh cha CO2 nguyn liu khng c thp hn 99,8%, hm lng nc trong CO2 nguyn liu khng ln hn 0,1%.CO2 c thu nhn t qu trnh ln men ca vi sinh vt hoc t phn ng t du DO.

III. Quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai1. Quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai (cc nh my ti Vit Nam)1.1. S quy trnh

Lc Nu syrup Syrup Gia nhitGia NcRt nngGia nhitPhi trnLc tinhLc thLy Trch ly Tr kh

B

Hng liu, acid hu c cht bo qun, mu thc phm

Chnh pH

Chai Pet chu nhitAcid hu c, mui kim

Tit trng

ng np, dn nhn

Bo n

Tr ng chai

1.2. Qu trnh nu syrup Syrup l mt dung dch ng c nng cht kh cao v thng dao ng trong khong 63-65% ( khi lng). Syrup c th sn xut t saccharose hoc t tinh bt. Quy trnh sn xut syrup t nguyn liu saccharose n gin hn nhiu so vi quy trnh sn xut saccharose t tinh bt. Tuy nhin, gi thnh syrup t saccharose s cao hn.Sn xut syrup t saccharose Hin nay, cc nh my thng s dng nguyn liu saccharose dng tinh th. Khi ha tan saccharose vo nc ta s c syrup saccharose. Trn thc t, cc nh cng ngh thng s dng nhit trong qu trnh chun b syrup v qu trnh ny c gi l nu syrup. Nhit cao gip cho s ha tan ng sacchrose vo trong nc din ra nhanh v d dng.Mc ch: ng nht dch syrup: do gia nhit nn c ng nht cao An ton: trong ng c cha t bo vi sinh vt v qu trnh nu s tiu dit vi sinh vt trong ng. Kt hp s dng than hot tnh tng trong, ngoi chc nng hp ph mu, mi, than hot tnh cn ng vai tr l cht tr lc cho vic lc trong dch ng. Kt hp s dng cnh khuy v gia nhit dch syrup hon lu, t trong thch hp. Nghch o ng (85-90C). Qu trnh nghch o ng c nhng u im trong cng ngh sn xut thc ung nh: Tng ngt cho syrup. Tng hm lng cht kh cho syrup. n nh cht lng syrup, ngn nga hin tng ti kt tinh ng. Tng cng kh nng c ch h vi sinh vt c trong dch syrup. Thng s k thutLng than hot tnh s dng: 0,5% i vi ng RS v 0,16-0,2% i vi ng RE tnh theo trng lng. thc hin qu trnh nghch o ng, chng ta c hai loi xc tc l: xc tc acid v enzyme invertase.Xc tc acidThng s dng xc tc acid citric: 0,3%, 85C, 180 pht, hiu sut thy phn 81%. Ngoi ra, c th s dng mt s cc loi xc tc khc nh:Acid tartaric: 0,2%, 85C, 180 pht, hiu sut thy phn 86%. Tuy nhin t s dng v gi thnh cao.Acid v c H3PO4: 0.065%, 85C, 180 pht, hiu sut thy phn 90%, ch s dng cho nc gii kht c gas v CO2 s lm t i v the, cht ca H3PO4.Xc tc ezyme:Ngun gc ch phm: nm men Saccharomyces Cerevisiae.Enzyme invertase: pH= 4,5; Topt= 55C; [E] = 0,1%m v 0,2%m; thi gian 120 pht, hiu sut thy phn 98% v 97%.S dng invertase c nh: Tng hiu qu sn xut.C th s dng enzyme cho hiu sut cao v khng cn gia nhit nhng gi thnh mcS chuyn ha ng: ti pH acid yu (5,5-6,5) v nhit 80C ng sacchrose chuyn thnh ng hon nguyn trong mi trng nc theo phn ng:C12H22O11 + H2O C6H12O6 + C6H12O6(saccharose) (glucose)(fructose)Sn phm dch syrup cha hn hp cc mono v disaccharide. Cc thng s ca qu trnh c th thay i ty thuc vo tng nh my.S chuyn ha xy ra ngay c khi cha cho acid, nhng t v chm. N xy ra nhiu nht khi bt u cho acid vo trong qu trnh nu trong gii hn nhit 75-90C. S chuyn ha cng hon ton, cht lng syrup cng cao.Cc qu trnh c bn xy ra khi nu syrupS ha tan ng trong nc: ha tan ca ng ph thuc vo nhit ca nc, trn c s thng thng ngi ta thng dng nc 60C ha tan ng v ha tan ng ngay trong thit b nu kt hp vi cc loi tp cht (bt, cn). Sau gia nhit un tip cho ti khi si v chuyn ha nc ng thnh syrup.S keo t v kt ta cc tp cht: tr mt s loi ng cao cp, cn a phn ng dng trong sn xut cn ln kh nhiu tp cht khc nhau, cng cc tp cht ca nc, chng thng l: Cc dng protid, cc cht hu c khc,: trong qu trnh nu do tc dng ca nhit , pH chng b kt ta v thng ni ln theo bt. V vy, yu cu k thut trong qu trnh nu l vt ht bt v mt s t dng ht l lng. Cc cht cn khng tan ln trong ng, nc: thng thng chng cng b bt cun theo.Ti u ha cc thng s qu trnh: nhit , pH, p sut, nng ng ban u. Thit bThng dng bng cc ni nu bng ng hay bng thp khng r c cnh khuy lin tc, c lp v o cha hi nc. Dung tch ni ty theo cng sut thit k v sn xut thc t, thng t 1-4m3.

1- Thn thit b 2- Lp v o 3- Motor4- Cnh khuy 5- Ca np saccharose 6- Ca tho syrupHnh 15: Thit b nu syrup Nguyn tc hot ngCho nc vo ni vi lng xc nh, cho hi nc vo gia nhit ng thi khi ng h thng khuy. Khi nhit nc khong 60C cho ng qua phu nhp liu. Khi nhit dung dch khong 80C ta cho than hot tnh vo. Cho acid ( chun b sn di dng dung dch 40-50%) . Gi nhit 80-85C trong iu kin khuy o qu trnh chuyn ha ng v hp th cc cht trong dung dch bi than hot tnh xy ra tt.Nu syrup HFS ( high fructose syrup) t tinh btTrong cng nghip sn xut thc ung, t nguyn liu tinh bt ngi ta c th sn xut ra cc loi syrup khc nhau nh: glucose, maltoseDng syrup cha hn hp glucose v fructose c s dng ph bin nht hin nay thng c gi l syrup giu fructose (High fructose syrup-HFS).

Quy trnh sn xut:

NcTinh bt

Cht chnh pHCht xc tcThy phn

Tinh sch syrup glucose glucose

C c chn khng

Ha chtChun b syrup cho qu trnh ng phn

Cht xc tcChuyn ha mt phn glucose thnh fructose

Tp chtTinh sch syrup giu fructose

C c chn khng

Lm ngui

Rt sn phm

Syrup giu fructose

Qu trnh nu syrup HFS t tinh bt c th chia lm 2 giai onGiai on I: Qu trnh thy phn tinh btMc ch ca qu trnh thy phn tinh bt l chuyn ha ton b lng nguyn liu thnh ng glucose. Hiu sut ca phn ng thy phn tinh bt cng ln th hiu sut thu hi sn phm cui cng s cng cao. Do , thy phn tinh bt thnh ng glucose l mt trong nhng qu trnh quan trng nh hng quyt nh n hiu qu kinh t ca quy trnh sn xut.Thy phn tinh bt gm 3 bc: H ha, dch ha v ng ha.H ha: trn tinh bt vi nc vi mt t l nht nh to huyn ph tinh bt. Gia nhit huyn ph tinh bt, cc ht tinh bt s trng n, tng kch thc v th tch.Dch ha: Sau giai on h ha tinh bt, nu chng ta tip tc gia nhit hn hp ln n 100C hoc cao hn th s phn t amylose v amylopectin t ht tinh bt b khuch tn ra ngoi dung dch s cng tng. Kt qu l cc si amylose v amylopectin c gii phng chuyn t dng lin kt trong cu trc ht tinh bt sang dng t do.ng ha: l qu trnh chuyn ha tinh bt thnh ng. Nu s dng xc tc l acid HCl, qu trnh ng ha s xy ra nhit cao v p sut cao. Cn khi s dng xc tc l ch phm enzyme glucose amylase, trc tin ta cn lm ngui hn hp sau giai on dch ha v nhit thch hp enzyme xc tc, sau mi b sung enzyme vo.Ta c th s dng ch phm -amylase chu nhit ( Termamyl-Novo) dch ha tinh bt v gluco-amylase (AMG-Novo) ng ha to sn phm glucose. Hiu sut chuyn ha tinh bt thnh glucose 97-98%. Hoc c th s dng ch phm gluco-amylase c nh (s dng - amylase) : bnh phn ng lin tc v hiu sut chuyn ha 90-93%. Gn ch phm ln ct, sau khi chuyn ha ta em ng tinh sch.Giai on II: Chuyn ha mt phn glucose thnh fructose bng ch phm enzyme (t bo c kh nng tit enzyme) c nh glucose-isomerase .Tinh sch syrup glucose: mc ch ca qu trnh tinh sch l loi b tt c tp cht, c bit l protein, lipid, cht muNgi ta c th s dn mt s phng php sau: Phng php ly tm. Phng php lc. Phng php x l bng than hot tnh. Phng php trao i ion.C c chn khng: tng nng cht kh (45-50%), p sut 30

Cc v l Khng

Mi khng mong mun sau khi acid haKhng

Acetaldehyde, max ppm800

Clo, max Cl ppm50

Arsenic, max As ppm1

Copper, max Cu ppm1.5

Qu trnh lcLc syrup phi thc hin trng thi nng.Mc ch: Tch ht cc hp cht c hc nh rc, t . Tng trong dch syrup.Phng php lc Lc th: s dng mng lc ca ra ca thit b nu syrup. Lc tinh: s dng my lc khung bn.Thng s k thut:S dng bt tr lc (diatomit): dch ng sau khi nu c nht cao, cc ht rn tp cht c hm lng, kch thc v tc lng trong dch ng rt nh. V vy, ta s dng bt tr lc tng tc lc, gim tc bt vi lc.Thi gian lc: khong 1 giKhi nhit dch ng nh hn 75C, m van hi trc tip tng nhit dch ng.Thit b: My lc khung bn

Hnh 16: My lc khung bnThit b gm mt dy khung v bn ghp lin vi nhau, gia khung v bn c t vi lc. Mi khung v bn u c rnh dn huyn ph.Nguyn tc hot ng: dch ng di tc dng ca p sut 5-6 at c y vo cc rnh ca khung ri vo khong trng bn trong khung. Ban u dch ng c bm tun hon tri cht tr lc ln b mt lc. Dch ng sch s xuyn qua lp vi lc ri chy theo cc rnh trn b mt bn, cui cng tp trung rnh nm ngang pha di v theo van i ra ngoi. B c bm vo b mt vi v ngy cng dy ln cho ti khi khong trng ca khung vi cha y b, lc dch ng khng chy c na (v tr lc b qu ln), ngng cung cp dch ng v tin hnh ra b.Trong qu trnh lc c 15-20 pht nn ly mu kim tra mt ln nhm pht hin kp thi s lng b lc (lc dch ng b c do ln than v bt tr lc).Lm ngui v bo qunSau khi lc, nc ng c bm i lm lnh h nhit xung 26-28C.Mc ch Trnh s ngng t nc trong bn cha lm vi khun xm nhp. Hn ch tn tht, gi c hng thm khi pha ch. Chun b cho qu trnh phi trn to sn phm.Mt khc, thi gian dch ng i trong thit b lm ngui khong 45 giy. Khong thi gian rt ngn , dch ng c h nhit t 80C (sau thit b lc) xung 26-28C. V vy, lm ngui nhanh dch ng sau khi nu v lc l mt khu quan trng nhm m bo cht lng v sinh cu dch ng thu c.Thng s k thutDch ng thu c gi l siro trng hay siro trung tnh c cha trong cc bn c n cc tm tiu dit vi sinh vt hoc phng v trng: yu cu kn, c th xng hi vo dit vi sinh vt. Dch ng phi t cc ch tiu sau: Dng ngoi: trong sut, mu vng rt nht. Cm quan: mi thm ca ng, khng c mi mt ma. Nhit sau khi ra khi thit b lm ngui: 26-28C. Baume: 35-36. Tng s vi sinh vt hiu kh < 50KL/ ml, khng c nm men. ng RE v RS phi c nu v cha ring tng loi.Thit b:Trao i nhit dng bn mng hoc ng lng ng.

Hnh 17: Thit b trao i nhit dng bn mng v ng lng ngCu toNc lnh i bn trong ng hoc trong khong gia ca bn, cn dch ng i bn ngoi. Do hin tng dn nhit v i lu nhit v dn nhit, nc lnh s nng dn ln v dch ng s ngui i. tng hiu qu gii nhit ngi ta b tr 2 dng nc v dch ng i ngc chiu nhau. Thit b bo qun syrup v phng v trng: Thit b v trng kn v c th xng hi vo v trng cc b phn trong thit b. Thit b phi chu c p sut v nhit cao. 1.3. Qu trnh trch lyMc ch: Khai thc, trch ly cc hp cht c trong l tr: polyphenol, hng v, mu sc. To cho sn phm c mu sc mi v c trng.Cc bin iS thay i cc thnh phn trong hai pha trch ly. Cc hp cht ha hc s t l tr ha tan vo trong nc.Ha hc: trong qu trnh trch ly c th xy ra mt s phn ng ha hc: nh oxy ha cc hp cht polyphenol.Cm quan: cu trc l tr thay i, mu sc hng v ca dch trch ly c to thnhCch thc hinCho tr vo nhng bn cha ln, bm nc gia nhit vo bn tin hnh qu trnh trch ly.Nhit ca nc 80-90C, y l nhit thch hp trch ly cc hp cht trong l tr, nu nhit qu cao s to v ng nhiu cho sn phm.Thi gian trch ly: 30 pht, thi gian trch ly ko di c th xy ra mt s phn ng ha hc khng mong mun. Mt khc, thi gian ko di c th khng mang li hiu qu kinh t cao.T l tr trch ly: 5g/lThit b:

Hnh 18: Thit b trch ly kiu thng quay1.4. Lc thMc ch: Loi b phn ln xc tr ra khi dch tr. m bo tinh khit ca dch tr theo yu cu sn xut. To iu kin cho qu trnh lc tinh tip theo.Bin i:Ch yu xy ra cc bin i v vt l: Khi lng dch tr gim Xc tr v cn bn c loi b Nc tr tr nn trong hnHa hc, ha l: khng c xy ra bin i ng k.Thit b: loi b xc tr ta s dng thit b lc khung bn

Hnh 19 : M hnh thit b lc khung bnNguyn l hot ng:Trong qu trnh lc, xc tr s c gi li nh mt lp vt liu lc (giy lc hoc mng bn thm). Chiu cao lp xc tr ny tng theo thi gian v to thnh mt lp bnh lc c tc dng nh mt lp mng lc mi lm tng cht lng ca qu trnh lc. lc hiu dng ph thuc vo kch c xc tr v chiu cao ca lp bnh lc. Vt liu lc ban u c tc dng gi v to thnh bnh lc. Bn trong vt liu lc khng xy ra qu trnh tch gi, c ngha l cc tiu phn nh hoc c lu trn lp bnh lc hoc c chui qua. Dch lc ban u khng trong sut v cc tiu phn nh chui qua vt liu lc. Ch khi no cc ht cht rn kt t li thnh cc l rt nh trn vt liu lc th cht lng lc mi tt c. Song y lp xc tr gi li cng to ra mt s cn tr ca dng chy khi lc. cn tr tng theo chiu cao ca lp bnh lc. Mun m bo tc lc nhanh, ngi ta phi tng s chnh lch v p sut qua mng v n mt chiu cao bnh lc nht nh no phi ngng qu trnh lc li ly lp xc tr ra.1.5. Lc tinhMc ch: Loi b phn cn cn st li ca dch tr tng trong cho dch tr. Loi b mt lng vi sinh vt c trong nc tr. Qu trnh lc tinh cng loi b mt protein ha tan, pectin trnh cho vic c dch tr sau thi gian bo qun, gim cht lng sn phm.Bin i: Vt l: mu sc nc tr trong hn do b, cc tp cht b loi b. Ha hc: mt s thnh phn thay i khng ng k. Sinh hc: nhng vi sinh vt c kch thc ln b gi liPhng php thc hin:Thit b

Hnh 20: Thit b lc chn khng kiu bng cao su phng loi DUThit b lc chn khng kiu bng cao su phng loi DU l thit b nh sc y ca chn khng ph p m thc hin vic phn li cht rn lng, trn kt cu, b tr phng hng ca chiu di c th thc hin cc thao tc lc lin tc, lm sch, ht kh, ti sinh. Thit b gm c cc u im nh: hiu qu lc cao, kh nng lc sn lng ln, hiu qu lm sch tt, thnh phn nc ca bnh lc thp, thao tc linh hot v.v Ngoi ra, ta c th s dng thit b siu lc vi h thng cc l nh, mng lc dy gi li b, cn bn v vi sinh vt.

Hnh 21: H thng lc1.6. Qu trnh phi trnMc ch: Trn dch tr c trch ly vi cc thnh phn khc nh: syrup, acid hu c, hng, cc cht bo qun, v mt s thnh phn ph khc to sn phm.Nhng bin i: qu trnh phi trn ch yu l xy ra cc bin i v vt l v ha l. Cc bin i khc v ha hc, cm quan cng c xy ra nhng khng ng k. Bin i v vt l: Dch tr s c phi trn vi cc thnh phn khc nn hn hp sau khi phi trn s c s thay i v khi lng ring.Ngoi ra cc ch tiu khc v vt l cng s thay i nh: xy ra s khuch tn phn t, s thay i v t trng, im ng c Bin i v ha l: Qu trnh phi trn s lm thay i v cht kh ca hn hp. Brix ca dch tr l 1Bx. Brix ca dch syrup trc khi phi trn l 66Bx. Brix ca hn hp tr sau khi phi trn l 9Bx. Ngoi ra, mt s bin i v cm quan nh: mu sc, hng v ca hn hp sau khi phi trn s thay i, c v ngt v hng thm.Cch thc hinKhi pha ch, cc nguyn liu rn phi ha tan trong nc to dung dch ng nht. Hng liu phi c ha tan v ng trong bnh y kn np.Tuyt i pha ch theo cng thc, chnh xc v tin hnh sch s.Qu trnh phi trn phi c tin hnh theo th t nh. Khng ng thi cho hai cht vo cng mt lc, trn cc thnh phn c hm lng ln trc, cc cht c hm lng nh hn cho vo sau. Cc cht d bay hi cho vo sau. Th t pha ch: V sinh thit b phi trn. Bm dch syrup Cho my khuy hot ng. Hiu chnh nng dch syrup 66Bx. Cc thnh phn khc trc khi phi trn phi qua thit b lc. Thm nc cho lng theo cng thc. Tip tc khuy trn 15 pht. Ly mu th hm lng ng, acid, mu Khi cc ch tiu ha l u t th ly mu kim tra vi sinh. Ngng khuy. Khi sn xut tip nn khuy li 30 pht t ng nht.Thng s k thut T l cc thnh phn: ph thuc vo tng nh sn xut ring. Nhit : qu trnh phi trn thng din ra nhit thng hoc nhit thp trnh tn tht cc cu t hng. Nng cht kh ca sn phm: 9Bx. Cc ch tiu cm quan: sn phm c mu vng sng, trong, v ngt, chua va phi, c v ng hi cht, v hng thm ca tr.

Hnh 22:Thit b phi trn

1.7. Chnh pHMc ch: lm tng thi gian bo qun cho trBin i: Ha hc: pH ca dung dch tr gim (khong pH=4) Sinh hc: mt lng vi sinh vt cn st li b c ch Cm quan: tr c v chua, gt.Phng php thc hin:Dng cc thit b iu chnh pH t ngTa c th s dng acid citric hoc acid malic iu chnh pH ca sn phm.

Hnh 23: Thit b iu chnh pH1.8. Thanh trngMc ch: tiu dit v c ch mt phn vi sinh vt, tng thi gian bo qun sn phmBin i:Ha hc: Nhit s lm xy ra mt s phn ng ha hc trong nguyn liu nh phn ng caramen, phn ng phn hy mt s hp cht ha hc nh vitamin C, cc hp cht mu...Sinh hc: s lng vi sinh vt gim.Ha l: Cc ch tiu ha l thay i nh nhit , nht, ha tan.Cch thc hin: V sn phm c pH thp pH= 4 nn ch cn ch thanh trng 80C, 15 giy. Nu thi gian thanh trng lu s lm thay i mt s tnh cht trong nguyn liu v tn km chi ph. Ngoi ra c th s dng ch tit trng UHT( 135-140C, 3-5s), vi ch x l nhit ny th cht lng sn phm s tt nhng chi ph gi cao nn rt t cng ty p dng.

Hnh 24: Thit b thanh trng1.9. B sung CO2i vi mt s sn phm c b sung CO2 nh Ikun th sau khi thanh trng ta s lm ngui dch tr (trong iu kin v trng) sau b sung CO2Mc ch: a dng ha sn phm, v gip gii kht, d s dng. Bo qun: to mi trng ym kh.Bin i: ch yu v mt ha l: CO2 c hp th vo nc tr.Cc yu t nh hng: Nhit : nhit tng tc ha tan CO2 vo nc cng gim, nhng nu nhit qu thp s gy ra s kt tinh ng v kt ta mt s protein ha tan lm sn phm c p sut tng tc ha tan CO2 vo nc cng tng, nhng nu p lc qu cao s khng an ton cho thit b. Nng cht tan thp sn phm d bo ha CO2. Thi gian bo ha trong mt gii hn nht nh th mc bo ha CO2 cng tng theo.Phng php thc hin: S dng thit b sc kh CO2 vo nc tr trong iu kin v trng trnh nhim vi sinh vt vo trong dch tr. Np CO2 vo trong sn phm vi hm lng 0,4-0,6% Nhit :1-2C p lc:0.5-1.2Mp

Hnh 25: Thit b sc kh CO21.10. Rt nngMc ch: qu trnh ny gp phn m bo cho vi sinh vt hn ch xm nhp vo sn phm.Mt s nh my tin hnh lm ngui dch tr sau khi thanh trng v tin hnh rt chai khi sn phm ngui hn ch s tht thot cc cu t hng trong tr. Nu p dng theo quy trnh ny th qu trnh chit rt phi tin hnh trong iu kin v trng cc k nghim ngt.Phng php thc hin:S dng thit b ng chai t ng rt tr vo chai

Hnh 26: thit b ng chai1.11. ng np v dn nhnMc ch: Hon thin sn phm. Ngoi ra cn gip sn phm cch ly hon ton vi mi trng khng kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi, cnh hng n thi gian bo qun v cht lng ca sn phmCch tin hnh: u c thc hin bng thit b t ng, c ngi iu khinQu trnh x l chai v np chai:X l v chai:Giai on 1: v chai c ch ra sch s, xc ra ln th nht bng ha cht tit trng dng cho thc phm.Giai on 2: em i tit trng v chai. Ha cht tit trng phi l loi c kim nghim, c tnh st trng mnh nhng khng li mi, phn hy nhanh, khng nh hng n cht lng sn phm.Giai on 3: v chai s c chuyn qua my chit rt v ng np t ng.X l np chai: Np cng c em i ra loi b cn, bi bn. Sau , em ngm bng dung dch tit trng. Cui cng, c a vo ngn cha np trong h thng chun b cho qu trnh ng np chai.Thit b:

Hnh 27: Thit b ra chai

Hnh 28: Thit b ng np1.12. Bo nMc ch: gip n nh v cht lng sn phm trc khi a ra th trng

Hnh 29: Kho bo qun

2. Quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai Nht Bn2.1. S quy trnh2.1.1. Quy trnh sn xut tr ng chai dng truyn thng

Tr khNc nng 80-90oCCht bo qunTrch lyLm nguiLi tmPhi trnBV lonGhp npTit trngLm nguiTr ng lonTit trng UHTLm nguiRt chaing npTr ng chaiLon tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhgChai Pet tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhg

2.1.2. Quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai gii kht (khng b sung sa)

Nc nng 80-90CTr khCht to ngtTrch lyLm nguiLi tmPhi trnBV lonGhp npTit trng lonLm nguiTr ng lonTit trng UHTLm nguiRt chaing npTr ng chaiLon tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhgChai Pet tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhg

Ph gia v cc hp cht hng

Lc

2.1.3. Quy trnh sn xut tr ng chai c b sung sa

Tr khNc nng 80-90 C

Sa, cht nh ha

Trch ly

Gia nhitLm ngui

B

ng haLi tm

Phi trn

Lc

Gia nhit

ng ha

Lon tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhgTit trng UHTV lon

Lm nguiGhp np

Chai Pet tit trngvdfgmfdmghkmhg

Rt chaiTit trng

ng npLm ngui

Tr ng chaiTr ng lon2.2. Gii thch quy trnhNgun nguyn liu tr kh c th ly tr xanh, tr en hoc tr olong sn xut. Nguyn liu khc nhau s to ra sn phm c cht lng khc nhau nhng quy trnh sn xut th khng c thay i ng k.Quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai truyn thng tng t nh quy trnh sn xut tr xanh ng chai Vit Nam. Tuy nhin c mt vi im khc bit trong quy trnh sn xut to nn s khc bit gia cc sn phm.

2.2.1. Lm nguiMc ch: lm ngui dch trch tr, n nh cht lng v trnh tn tht cc cu t hng trong sn phm. Ngoi ra, qu trnh ny cng to iu kin cho qu trnh ly tm thc hin d dng v c hiu qu hn.Cch thc hin: thc hin lm ngui nhit phng hoc thi khng kh mt. Lu nu qu trnh lm ngui thc hin sau qu trnh tit trng v ngoi bao b th phi tin hnh trong iu kin v trng. 2.2.2. Ly tm tch xc tr ra khi dch tr ta c th s dng phng php lc ly tm v da trn nguyn l lc ly tm. Lc ly tm: Khi mt vt th quay quanh mt trc th to ra mt lc hng tm trn b mt vt th hng vo tm trc quay. Theo nh lut 3 Newtn th phn lc ca lc hng tm s c cng phng, cng ln nhng ngc chiu v phn lc gi l lc ly tm. Vy lc ly tm l phn lc ca lc hng tm c c khi quay mt vt th quanh mt trc. Khi my ly tm quay lm cho nc trong b tr tch ri ra ngoi, sau thot ra cc l nh trn mng lc, v i theo ng ng thu hi sn phm, cn b tr do c kch thc ln nn c gi li mng lc. ln ca lc ly tm t l thun vi khi lng ca vt th v bnh phng vn tc tip tuyn; t l nghch vi bn knh quayF= m.v2/rTrong : F: lc ly tm , N m- khi lng vt th, kg; v- vn tc tip tuyn, m/giy r- bn knh quay, mPhng php thc hin:

Hnh 30: Thit b ly tmNguyn liu c a vo theo ng ng pha trn cu thit b vo thng ly tm lc c cc li lc bao xung quanh v c gn vi m t in. Ti y m t bt u hot ng lm cho thng quay, v qu trnh ly tm xy ra. Nc trong dung dch tr s thot ra ngoi qua mng lc, cn b tr b gi li. Nc tr s theo cc ng ng i ra ngoi, v chun b cho cc qu trnh tip theo.Khi lng b tr nhiu th ta ngng vic nhp liu li, sau m van x b tr ra ngoi v qu trnh c thc hin tip tc.2.2.3. Phi trnDng sn phm tr ng chai truyn thng qu trnh phi trn ta ch b sung thm mt s cht bo qun theo quy nh bo qun sn phm trnh b h hng.Dng sn phm tr ng chai gii kht ta c th b sung thm cht to ngt, cc hp cht hng... tng gi tr cm quan cho sn phm, thu ht ngi tiu dng, c bit sn phm tr c b sung sa. Vi dng sn phm ny, trc khi phi trn vi dch tr, sa v cc cht nh ha phi c ng ha n nh h nh tng trnh hin tng tch lp nh hng n cht lng sn phm. Sau khi phi trn dch tr ny ta tin hnh ng ha mt ln na lm phn tn u, n nh h nh tng ca sn phm.2.2.4. Lc tinhMc ch: Loi b cc cht cn v mt s xc tr cn st li Ci thin gi tr cm quan cho sn phm ( ci thin trong ca nc tr).Bin i: Vt l: Dch tr trong hn. Ha l: mt s cu t d bay hi nh cc hp cht to hng trong dch lng b tn tht, ng thi hm lng cafein trong dch lng gim, do gim c v cht trong trTin hnh: ta cng s dng thit b lc chn khng lc dch trch ly.Thit b lc gm s chn khng tinh mt loi TC

Hnh 31: Thit b lc chn khngThit b lc gm s chn khng tinh mt loi TC gm c cc k thut c in, gm micro, v siu m, l mt thit b nha vo lc ht ca chn khng v tc dng ca s mao dn thc hin vic phn li cht rn lng hiu qu cao v tit kim in.2.2.5. Tit trngMc ch: tiu dit vi sinh vt gip gia tng thi gian bo qun sn phm. Ty vo dng sn phm m ta chn ch tit trng khc nhauSn phm tr ng lon: ta tin hnh tit trng trong bao b. Do , qu trnh tit trng din ra nhit 120C, thi gian 4 pht. Sau khi tit trng ta tin hnh lm ngui trong phng lm mt v ta c c sn phm tr ng lon.Sn phm tr ng chai Pet: ta tin hnh tit trng UHT ngoi bao b, nhit l 135-140C, thi gian 30-60 giy. Sau khi tit trng sn phm c th tin hnh rt nng vo chai Pet hoc c lm ngui nhit phng ri rt chai trong iu kin v trng.i vi nhng sn phm tr xanh c pH thp (pH