TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE

預ける [あずける](v1,vt) to give into custody; to leave (a child) in the care of; to entrust; to deposit

預かる [あずかる](v5r,vt) to keep in custody; to receive on deposit; to take charge of {NB: this allocation to Intransitive by Takasugi is dubious.}

受ける [うける](v1) to undertake; to accept; to take (lesson, test, damage); to undergo; to experience; to catch (e.g. a ball); to become popular

受かる [うかる](v5r) to pass (examination)

掛ける [かける](aux-v,v1) (1) to wear; to put on; to hang; to cover; (2) to sit down; (3) to make a phone call; (4) to multiply; (5) to turn on (a switch); to play (a record); (6) to begin to; (7) to pour (water)

掛かる [かかる](v5r,vi) to take (e.g. time, money, etc); to hang

授ける [さずける](v1) to grant; to award; to teach

授かる [さずかる](v5r) to be gifted; to be awarded

挙げる [あげる](v1) (1) to raise; to fly; (2) to give (an example)

挙がる [あがる](v5r) to become prosperous; to be captured

揚げる [あげる](v1) to lift; to fly

揚がる [あがる](v5r) to rise

空ける [あける](v1,vt) to emptyalso 開ける

空く [あく](v5k,vi) (1) to open; to become open; to become empty; (2) to be less crowdedalso 開く

片付ける [かたづける](v1,vt) (1) to tidy up; to put in order; to straighten up; to put away; (2) to settle (problem); to clear (dispute); (3) to finish; to bring something to an end; (4) to marry off (e.g. a daughter); (5) to do away with someone; to bump someone off

片付く [かたづく](v5k,vi) (1) to be put in order; to be put to rights; (2) to be disposed of; to be solved; (3) to be finished; (4) to be married (off)

負ける [まける](v1) to lose; to be defeated

負かす [まかす](v5s) to defeat

分ける [わける](v1) to divide; to separate; to make distinctions; to differentiate (between)

分かる [わかる](v5r) (1) to understand; to grasp; (2) to know; to realize; to realise

上げる [あげる](v1) to give; to raise; to elevate; to fly (kites); to

上がる [あがる](v5r) (1) to enter; to go up; to rise; to climb up;

praise; to increase; to advance; to promote; to vomit; to usher in; to admit; to send (to school); to offer; to present; to leave with; to finish; to arrange (expenses); to observe; to perform; to quote; to mention; to bear (a child); to improve (talents); to do up (the hair); to arrest; to engage; to fry; (rains) to stop

to advance; to appreciate; to be promoted; to improve; to call on; to be offered; to accrue; (2) to be finished; to go bankrupt; to be caught; to let up (rain); (3) to weaken (as a battery); (4) to get ruffled

下げる [さげる](v1) to hang; to lower; to move back; to wear; to dismiss; to grant

下がる [さがる](v5r) to hang down; to abate; to retire; to fall; to step back

繋げる [つなげる](v1) to connect also 繋ぐ [つなぐ]

繋がる [つながる](v5r) to be tied together; to be connected to; to be related to

広げる [ひろげる](v1) to spread; to extend; to expand; to enlarge; to widen; to broaden; to unfold; to open; to unroll

広がる [ひろがる](v5r) to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around

曲げる [まげる](v1) to bend; to crook; to lean

曲がる [まがる](v5r) to turn; to bend

混ぜる [まぜる](v1) to mix; to stir

混ざる [まざる](v5r,vi) to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to join

捨てる [すてる](v1) to throw away; to cast aside; to abandon; to resign

廃る [すたる](v5r) to go out of use; to become obsolete; to die out; to go out of fashion

当てる [あてる](v1) (1) to hit; (2) to expose; (3) to apply (e.g. patch); (4) to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); (5) to guess (an answer); (6) to make a hit (e.g. in a lottery)

当たる [あたる](v5r) to be hit; to be successful; to face (confront); to lie (in the direction of); to undertake; to treat; to be equivalent to; to apply to; to be applicable; to be assigned

茹でる [ゆでる](v1) to boil

茹だる [うだる](v5r,vi) (1) to boil; to seethe; (2) to be oppressed by heat

重ねる [かさねる](v1) to pile up; to put something on another; to heap up; to add; to repeat

重なる [かさなる]to be piled up; lie on top of one another; overlap each other

連ねる [つらねる](v1) to link; to join; to put together

連なる [つらなる](v5r) to extend; to stretch out; to stand in a row

温める [あたためる](v1) to warm; to heat

温まる [あたたまる](v5r) to warm oneself; to sun oneself; to warm up; to get warm

集める [あつめる](v1,vt) to collect; to assemble

集まる [あつまる](v5r,vi) to gather; to collect; to assemble

改める [あらためる](v1) to change; to alter; to reform; to revise

改まる [あらたまる](v5r) (1) to be renewed; (2) to stand on ceremony; to be formal; (3) to take a turn for the worse

炒める [いためる](v1) to stir-fry

炒まる [いたまる](v5r) to be sauteed in oil

填める [うずめる](v1) to bury (e.g. one's face in hands)

埋まる [うずまる](v5r) to be buried; to be surrounded; to overflow; to be filled

埋める [うずめる](v1) to bury (e.g. one's face in hands)

埋まる [うずまる](v5r) to be buried; to be surrounded; to overflow; to be filled

収める [おさめる](v1) to obtain; to reap; to pay; to supply; to accept

収まる [おさまる](v5r) (1) to be in one's place; to be installed; to settle into; (2) to be obtained; to be settled; to be paid; to be delivered

治める [おさめる](v1) (1) to govern; to manage; (2) to subdue

治まる [おさまる](v5r) to be at peace; to clamp down; to lessen (storm, terror, anger)

修める [おさめる](v1) (1) to study; to complete (a course); to cultivate; to master; (2) to order (one's life); (3) to repair (a fault one has committed)

修まる [おさまる](v5r) to govern oneself; to conduct oneself well

納める [おさめる](v1) to obtain; to reap; to pay; to supply; to accept

納まる [おさまる](v5r) (1) to be in one's place; to be installed; to settle into; (2) to be obtained; to be settled; to be paid; to be delivered

固める [かためる](v1,vt) to harden; to freeze; to fortify

固まる [かたまる](v5r,vi) to harden; to solidify; to become firm; to become certain

絡める [からめる](v1) (1) to arrest; (2) to entwine; to twine around; (3) to coordinate (with)

絡まる [からまる](v5r) to be entwined; to be involvedalso 絡む [からむ] (v5m) (1) to entangle; to

entwine; (2) to pick a quarrel; (3) to be involved with

決める [きめる](v1) to decide

決まる [きまる](v5r) (1) to be decided; to be settled; (2) to look good in (clothes)

清める [きよめる](v1) to purify; to cleanse; to exorcise

清まる [きよまる](v5r) to be purified; to be cleansed

閉める [しめる](v1,vt) to close; to shut

閉まる [しまる](v5r,vi) to close; to be closed

窄める [すぼめる](v1) to make narrower; to shut (an umbrella); to shrug (one's shoulders); to purse (one's lips)

窄まる [すぼまる](v5r) to get narrower; to contract

染める [そめる](v1) to dye; to colour; to color

染まる [そまる](v5r) to dye

高める [たかめる](v1) to raise; to lift; to boost

高まる [たかまる](v5r) to rise; to swell; to be promoted

定める [さだめる](v1) to decide; to establish; to determine

定まる [さだまる](v5r) to become settled; to be fixed

貯める [ためる](v1) to save (i.e. in a bank)

貯まる [たまる](v5r) to be saved (e.g. money)

溜める [ためる](v1) to amass; to accumulate

溜まる [たまる](v5r) to collect; to gather; to save

縮める [ちぢめる](v1) to shorten; to reduce; to boil down; to shrink

縮まる [ちぢまる](v5r) to be shortened; to be contracted; to shrink

勤める [つとめる](v1) (1) to serve; to fill a post; to serve under; to work (for); (2) to exert oneself; to endeavor; to endeavour; to be diligent; (3) to play (the part of)

勤まる [つとまる](v5r) to be fit for; to be equal to; to function properly

強める [つよめる](v1) to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise

強まる [つよまる](v5r) to get strong; to gain strength

止める [とどめる](v1) to stop; to cease; to put an end to

止まる [とどまる](v5r) (1) to remain; to abide; to stay (in the one place); (2) to come to a halt; (3) to stop

始める [はじめる] 始まる [はじまる]

(v1,vt) to start; to begin (v5r,vi) to begin

嵌める [はめる](v1) (1) (col) to get in; to insert; to put on; (2) to make love

嵌まる [はまる](oK) (v5r) to get into; to go into; to fit; to be fit for; to suit; to fall into; to plunge into; to be deceived; to be taken in; to fall into a trap; to be addicted to; to be deep into

広める [ひろめる](v1) to broaden; to propagate

広まる [ひろまる](v5r) to spread; to be propagated

纏める [まとめる](v1,vt) to put in order; to collect; to bring to a conclusion

纏まる [まとまる](v5r) to be collected; to be settled; to be in order

丸める [まるめる](v1) to make round; to round off; to roll up; to curl up; to seduce; to cajole; to explain away

丸まる [まるまる](v5r) to become rounded; to roll into a ball

緩める [ゆるめる](v1) to loosen; to slow down

緩まる [ゆるまる]((v5r) to become loose; to slacken; to soften

暖める,温める [あたためる](v1) to warm; to heat

暖まる,温まる [あたたまる](v5r) to warm oneself; to sun oneself; to warm up; to get warm

泊める [とめる](v1) to give shelter to; to lodge

泊まる [とまる](v5r) to stay at (e.g. hotel)

極める,窮める,究める [きわめる](v1) (1) to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; (2) to investigate thoroughly; to master

極まる,窮まる [きわまる](v5r) to terminate; to reach an extreme; to be in a dilemma; to be at an end

静める,鎮める [しずめる](v1,vt) to appease; to suppress; to calm

静まる,鎮まる [しずまる](v5r) to quieten down; to calm down; to subside; to die down; to abate; to be suppressed

締める [しめる](v1) to tie; to fasten

締まる [しまる](v5r) to be shut; to be locked; to become sober

絞める [しめる](v1) to strangle; to constrict

絞まる [しまる](v5r) to be strangled; to be constricted

狭める [せばめる](v1,vt) to narrow; to reduce; to contract

狭まる [せばまる](v5r,vi) to narrow; to contract

助ける,輔ける,救ける,扶ける [たすける](v1) to help; to save; to rescue; to give relief to; to spare (life); to reinforce; to promote; to abet

助かる [たすかる](v5r) to be saved; to be rescued; to survive; to be helpful

見付ける [みつける](v1) to be familiar; to discover; to find fault; to detect; to find out; to locate

見付かる [みつかる](v5r) (uk) to be found; to be discovered

漬ける [つける](v1) to soak; to moisten; to pickle

漬かる [つかる](v5r) (1) to be pickled; to be well seasoned; (2) to be submerged; to be soaked

植える [うえる](v1) to plant; to grow

植わる [うわる](v5r) to be planted

終える [おえる](v1) to finish

終わる [おわる](v5r) to finish; to close

変える [かえる](v1,vt) to change; to alter; to vary; to convert; to revise; to amend

変わる [かわる](v5r,vi) to change; to be transformed; to vary; to be revised; to be different; to move location

換える [かえる](v1) to exchange; to interchange; to substitute; to replace

換わる [かわる](v5r,vi) to take the place of; to relieve; to be substituted for; to be exchanged; to change places with; to take turns; to be replaced

替える,代える [かえる](v1) to exchange; to interchange; to substitute; to replace

替わる,代わる [かわる](v5r,vi) to take the place of; to relieve; to be substituted for; to be exchanged; to change places with; to take turns; to be replaced

据える [すえる](v1) to set (table); to lay (foundation); to place (gun); to apply (moxa)

座る [すわる](v5r) to sit; to squat

備える [そなえる](v1) (1) to furnish; to provide for; to equip; to install; (2) to have ready; to prepare for; (3) to possess; to have; to be endowed with; to be armed with

備わる [そなわる](v5r) (1) to be furnished with; to be endowed with; (2) to be among; to be one of; to be possessed of

伝える [つたえる](v1) to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart; to propagate; to teach; to bequeath

伝わる [つたわる](v5r) to be handed down; to be introduced; to be transmitted; to be circulated; to go along; to walk along

横たえる [よこたえる](v1) to lie down; to lay (oneself) down

横たわる [よこたわる](v5r) to lie down; to stretch out

加える [くわえる](v1) to append; to sum up; to add (up); to include; to increase; to inflict

加わる [くわわる](v5r) to join in; to accede to; to increase; to gain in (influence)

教える [おしえる](v1) to teach; to inform; to instruct

教わる [おそわる](v5r) to be taught

舞う [まう](v5u,vi) to dance; to flutter about; to revolve

回る [まわる](v5r) (1) to turn; to revolve; (2) to visit several places

刺す [さす](v5s) to pierce; to stab; to prick; to thrust; to bite; to sting; to pin down; to stitch; to put (a runner) out; to pole (a boat); to catch (with a line); to stick

刺さる [ささる](v5r) to stick; to be stuck

塞ぐ [ふさぐ](v5g,vt) to stop up; to close up; to block (up); to occupy; to fill up; to take up; to stand in another's way; to plug up; to shut up

塞がる [ふさがる](v5r,vi) to be plugged up; to be shut up

磨ぐ/研ぐ [とぐ](v5g) to sharpen; to grind; to scour; to hone; to polish; to wash (rice)

尖る [とがる](v5r) to taper to a point; to become sharp; to be sour; to look displeased

包む [くるむ](v5m) to be engulfed in; to be enveloped by; to wrap up; to tuck in; to pack; to do up; to cover with; to dress in; to conceal

包まる [くるまる](v5r) to be wrapped up (e.g. in a blanket); to cover oneself

込める [こめる](v1) to include; to put into

籠もる [こもる](v5r) to seclude oneself; to be confined in; to be implied; to be stuffy

The next table has verbs where the transitive/intransitive pair are related by an u-eru pattern (る→れる, く→ける, etc.) Again a few at the end are not quite regular in this formation.

TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE

折る [おる](v5r) to break; to fold; to pick flower

折れる [おれる](v1,vi,vt) to break; to be folded; to give in; to turn (a corner)

切る [きる](suf,v5r) to cut; to chop; to hash; to carve; to saw; to clip; to shear; to slice; to strip; to fell; to cut down; to punch; to sever (connections); to pause; to break off; to disconnect; to turn off; to hang up; to cross (a street); to discount; to sell below cost; to shake (water) off; to finish; to be

切れる [きれる](v1) (1) to cut well; to be sharp; (2) to break (off); to snap; to wear out; (3) to be injured; (4) to burst; to collapse; (5) to be disconnected; to be out of; to expire; to sever (connections) with; (6) to be shrewd; to have a sharp mind

through; to complete

破る [やぶる](v5r,vt) to tear; to violate; to defeat; to smash; to destroy

破れる [やぶれる](v1) to get torn; to wear out

割る [わる](v5r) to divide; to cut; to break; to halve; to separate; to split; to rip; to crack; to smash; to dilute

割れる [われる](v1,vi) to break; to split; to cleave; to fissure; to be smashed; to crack; to be torn

削る [けずる](v5r) (1) to shave (wood or leather); to sharpen; to plane; to whittle; to pare; to scrape off; (2) to cross out; to reduce; to curtail; to remove; to erase

削れる [けずれる](v5r) to be shaved or planed

擦る [かする](v5r) to touch lightly; to take a percentage (from)

擦れる [すれる](v1) to rub; to chafe; to wear; to become sophisticated

解く [ほどく](v5k) to unfasten

解ける [ほどける](v1) to come untied; to come apart

解く [とく](v5k) to solve; to answer; to untie

解ける [とける](v1) (1) to loosen; to come untied; (2) to be solved; (3) to be removed; to be cleared

取る [とる](v5r) to take; to pick up; to harvest; to earn; to choose

取れる [とれる](v1) to come off; to be taken off; to be removed; to be obtained; to leave; to come out (e.g. photo); to be interpreted

撚る [よる](v5r) to twist (yarn); to lay (rope)

縒れる [よれる](v1) to get twisted; to get kinked

捻る (捻じる) [ねじる](v5r) (1) to screw; to twist; (2) to distort; (3) to torture; to wrest

捻れる [ねじれる](v1) to twist; to wrench; to screw

釣る [つる](v5r) to fish

釣れる [つれる](v1) to be fished

抜く [ぬく](v5k) (1) to extract; to omit; to surpass; to overtake; to draw out; to unplug; (2) (suf) to do something to the end

抜ける [ぬける](v1) to come out; to fall out; to be omitted; to be missing; to escape

裂く [さく] 裂ける [さける]

(v5k) to tear; to split (v1) to split; to tear; to burst

割く [さく](v5k) to cut up; to separate; to spare (e.g. time); to cleave; to sever; to divide; to cede; to alienate

割ける [さける](v1) to be separated; to be divided

使う [つかう](v5u) to use; to handle; to manipulate; to employ; to need; to want; to spend; to consume; to speak (English); to practise (fencing); to practice (fencing); to take (one's lunch); to circulate (bad money)

仕える [つかえる](v1) to serve; to work for

焼く [やく](v5k) to bake; to grill

焼ける [やける](v1,vi) to burn; to be roasted; to be sunburnt

張る [はる](v5r,vi,vt) to stick; to paste; to put; to affix; to stretch; to spread; to strain; to stick out; to slap; to be expensive; to tighten

腫れる [はれる](v1) to swell (from inflammation); to become swollen

思う [おもう](v5u) to think; to feel

思える [おもえる](v1) to seem; to appear likely

知る [しる](v5r) to know; to understand; to be acquainted with; to feel

知れる [しれる](v1) to become known; to come to light; to be discovered

砕く [くだく](v5k,vt) to break; to smash

砕ける [くだける](v1,vi) to break; to be broken

欠く [かく](v5k) to lack; to break; to crack; to chip

欠ける [かける](v1) to be lacking

脱ぐ [ぬぐ](v5g) to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress

脱げる [ぬげる](v1) to come off; to slip down; to slip off

売る [うる](v5r) to sell

売れる [うれる](v1) to be sold

弾く [はじく](v5k) to flip; to snap

弾ける [はじける](v1) to burst open; to split open; to pop

捲る [まくる](suf,v5r) (1) to turn up; to roll up (e.g. sleeves); (2) verb suffix to indicate reckless abandon to the activity

捲れる [まくれる](v1) to be (get) turned up (inside out)

捲る [めくる](v5r) to turn over; to turn pages of a book; to tear off; to strip off

捲れる [まくれる](v1) to be (get) turned up (inside out)

分ける [わける](v1) to divide; to separate; to make distinctions; to differentiate (between)

分かれる [わかれる](v1) to branch off; to diverge from; to fork; to split; to dispense; to scatter; to divide into

開く [あく](v5k,vi) (1) to open; to become open; to become empty

開ける [あける](v1) to open

聞く [きく](v5k) (1) to hear; to listen; (2) to ask

聞こえる [きこえる](v1) (1) to be heard; to be audible; (2) to be said to be; to be reputed

見る [みる](v1) (1) to see; to watch; (2) (as an auxiliary verb) to try

見える [みえる](v1) to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to appear

煮る [にる](v1,vt) to boil; to cook

煮える [にえる](v1,vi) to boil; to cook; to be cooked

炊く [たく](v5k) to boil; to cook

炊ける [たける](v1) to be boiled; to be cooked; to be done; to be ready

刳る [えぐる](v5r) to gouge; to hollow out; to bore; to excavate; to scoop out

刳れる [えぐれる](v1) to be gouged; to be hollowed

振るう [ふるう](v5u) to flourish; to prosper; to thrive

震える [ふるえる](v1) to shiver; to shake; to quake

In the next table the direction changes, and the intransitive/transitive pair are related by the u-eru pattern (む→める, く→ける, etc.)

INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE

合う [あう](v5u) to fit; to suit; to agree with; to match; to be correct; to be profitable

和える [あえる](v1) to dress vegetables (salad)

赤らむ [あからむ](v5m) to become red; to redden; to blush

赤らめる [あからめる](v1) to blush; to redden

傷む [いたむ](v5m) to be damaged; to go bad

傷める [いためる](v1) to damage; to impair; to spoil

痛む [いたむ](v5m) to hurt; to feel a pain; to be injured

痛める [いためる](v1) to hurt; to injure; to cause pain; to worry; to bother; to afflict; to be grieved over

開く [あく](v5k,vi) (1) to open; to become open; to become empty

開ける [あける](v1) to open

点く [つく](v5k) (1) to catch fire; (2) to be lit, e.g. electricity comes on; to be lighted

点ける [つける](v1) (uk) to turn on; to switch on; to light up

痛む [いたむ](v5m) to hurt; to feel a pain; to be injured

痛める [いためる](v1) to hurt; to injure; to cause pain; to worry; to bother; to afflict; to be grieved over

入る [いる](v5r) to get in; to go in; to come in; to flow into; to set; to set in

入れる [いれる](v1) to put in; to take in; to bring in; to let in; to admit; to introduce; to commit (to prison); to usher in; to insert; to set (jewels); to employ; to listen to; to tolerate; to comprehend; to include; to pay (interest); to cast (votes)

浮かぶ [うかぶ](v5b) to float; to rise to surface; to come to mind

浮かべる [うかべる](v1) to float; to express; to look (sad, glad)

交う [かう] ; (v5u) to take turns; to mingle together

換える [かえる](v1) to exchange; to interchange; to substitute; to replace

絡む [からむ](v5m) (1) to entangle; to entwine; (2) to pick a quarrel; (3) to be involved with

絡める [からめる](v1) (1) to arrest; (2) to entwine; to twine around; (3) to coordinate (with)

込む [こむ](v5m) (1) to be crowded; (2) to go inside (usu. only when used in compound verbs)

込める [こめる](v1) to include; to put into

沈む [しずむ](v5m) to sink; to feel depressed

沈める [しずめる](v1,vt) to sink; to submerge

従う [したがう](v5u) to abide (by the rules); to obey; to follow; to accompany

従える [したがえる](v1) (1) to be accompanied by; (2) to subdue

退く [しりぞく](v5k,vi) (1) to retreat; to recede; to withdraw; (2) to retire

退ける [しりぞける](v1,vt) to repel; to drive away; to repulse; to reject

進む [すすむ](v5m,vi) to make progress; to advance; to improve

進める [すすめる](v1,vt) to advance; to promote; to hasten

窄む [すぼむ](v5m) to get narrower; to contract

窄める [すぼめる](v1) to make narrower; to shut (an umbrella); to shrug (one's shoulders); to purse (one's lips)

育つ [そだつ](v5t,vi) to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)

育てる [そだてる](v1,vt) to raise; to rear; to bring up

建つ [たつ](v5t) to erect; to be erected; to be built

建てる [たてる](v1) to build; to construc

背く [そむく](v5k) to run counter to; to go against; to disobey; to infringe

背ける [そむける](v1) to turn one's face away; to avert one's eyes

揃う [そろう](v5u) to become complete; to be equal; to be all present; to gather

揃える [そろえる](v1) to put things in order; to arrange; to make uniform; to get something ready

揃う [そろう](v5u) to become complete; to be equal; to be all present; to gather

揃える [そろえる](v1) to put things in order; to arrange; to make uniform; to get something ready

平らぐ [たいらぐ](v5g) to be suppressed

平らげる [たいらげる](v1) to subjugate; to put down (trouble); to consume (food); to eat up

立つ [たつ](v5t) to stand

立てる [たてる](v1) to stand (something) up; to erect (something)

縮む [ちぢむ](v5m) to shrink; to be contracted

縮める [ちぢめる](v1) to shorten; to reduce; to boil down; to shrink

付く [つく](v5k,vi) to adjoin; to be attached; to adhere; to be connected with; to be dyed; to be stained; to be scarred; to be recorded; to start (fires); to follow; to become allied to; to accompany; to study with; to increase; to be added to

付ける [つける](v1,vt) (1) to attach; to join; to add; to append; to affix; to stick; to glue; to fasten; to sew on; to apply (ointment); (2) to furnish (a house with); (3) to wear; to put on; (4) to keep a diary; to make an entry; (5) to appraise; to set (a price); (6) to bring alongside; (7) to place (under guard or doctor); (8) to follow; to shadow; (9) to load; to give (courage to); (10) to keep (an eye on); (11) to establish (relations or understanding)

続く [つづく](v5k,vi) to be continued

続ける [つづける](v1,vt) to continue; to keep up; to keep on

退く [どく](v5k,vi) (1) to retreat; to recede; to withdraw

退ける [どける](v1) to remove; to take away; to dislodge; to put something out of the way

届く [とどく](v5k,vi) to reach

届ける [とどける](v1) to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to file notice (to the authorities)

整う [ととのう](v5u) to be prepared; to be in order; to be put in order; to be arranged

整える [ととのえる](v1) (1) to put in order; to arrange; to adjust; (2) to get ready; to prepare; (3) to raise money

間違う [まちがう](v5u) to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken

間違える [まちがえる](v1) to err; to make a mistake

温む [ぬるむ](v5m) to cool off; to become tepid

温める [ぬるめる](v1) to cool something down (e.g. by adding water)

退く [のく](v5k,vi) (1) to retreat; to recede; to withdraw

退ける [のける](v1) to remove; to take away; to dislodge; to put something out of the way

向く [むく](v5k) (1) to face; (2) to turn toward; (3) to be suited to; to be fit for向かう [むかう](v5u) (1) to face; (2) to go towards

向ける [むける](v1) to turn towards; to point

止む [やむ](v5m,vi) to cease; to stop; to be over

止める [やめる](v1,vt) to end; to stop; to cease; to resign

苦しむ [くるしむ](v5m) to suffer; to groan; to be worried

苦しめる [くるしめる](v1) to torment; to harass; to inflict pain

和らぐ [やわらぐ](v5g) to soften; to calm down; to be mitigated

和らげる [やわらげる](v1) to soften; to moderate; to relieve

緩む [ゆるむ](v5m) to become loose; to slacken

緩める [ゆるめる](v1) to loosen; to slow down

竦む [すくむ](v5m) to cower; to be cramped

竦める [すくめる](v1) to shrug (shoulders); to duck (head); to draw back (body)

並ぶ [ならぶ](v5b,vi) to line up; to stand in a line

並べる [ならべる](v1,vt) to line up; to set up

延びる [のびる](v1,vi) (1) to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to spread; (2) to make progress; to grow (beard, body height); (3) to grow stale (soba); (4) to be straightened; to be flattened; to be smoothed; (5) to be exhausted; (6) to be postponed; to be prolonged

延べる [のべる](v1) to make (bed); to stretch; to widen

混じる [まじる](v5r,vi) to be mixed; to be blended with; to associate with; to mingle with; to interest; to join

混ぜる [まぜる](v1) to mix; to stir

In the next table the transitive verbs all end in す. Many of these see an intransitive/transitive pattern of eru-asu: (ける→かす, れる→らす etc.)

INTRANSITIVE TRANSITIVE

出る [でる](v1) to appear; to come forth; to leave

出す [だす](v5s) (1) to take out; to get out; (2) to put out; (3) to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; (4) to publish; to make public; (5) to send (e.g. letter); to start (fire)

冷める [さめる](v1) to become cool; to wear off; to abate; to subside; to dampen; to cool down (interest); to come down (fever)

冷ます [さます](v5s,vt) to cool; to dampen; to let cool; to throw a damper on; to spoil

覚める,醒める [さめる]to wake; to wake up

覚ます,醒ます [さます](v5s) (1) to awaken; (2) to disabuse; (3) to sober up

溶ける [とける](v1,vi) to melt; to thaw; to fuse; to dissolve

溶かす [とかす](v5s,vt) to melt; to dissolve

生きる [いきる](v1) to live; to exist

生かす [いかす](v5s) to revive; to resuscitate; to make use of

潤ける [ふやける](v1) (uk) to become sodden; to swell up

ふやかす(v5s) to soak; to steep; to macerate

枯れる [かれる](v1) to wither; to die (plant); to be blasted

枯らす [からす](v5s) to let dry; to kill (vegetation) to season

(plant) (lumber)

明ける [あける](v1) to dawn; to become daylight

明かす [あかす](v5s) to pass; spend; to reveal; to divulge

懲りる [こりる](v1) to learn by experience; to be disgusted with

懲らす [こらす](v5s) to chastise; to punish; to discipline

伸びる,延びる [のびる](v1,vi) (1) to stretch; to extend; to lengthen; to spread; (2) to make progress; to grow (beard, body height); (3) to grow stale (soba); (4) to be straightened; to be flattened; to be smoothed; (5) to be exhausted

伸ばす,延ばす [のばす](v5s,vt) to lengthen; to stretch; to reach out; to postpone; to prolong; to extend; to grow (beard)

慣れる [なれる](v1) to grow accustomed to; to become domesticated; to become tame; to get too familiar with

慣らす [ならす](v5s) to accustom

揺れる [ゆれる](v1) to shake; to sway

揺らす [ゆらす](v5s) to rock; to shake; to swing

切れる [きれる](v1) (1) to cut well; to be sharp; (2) to break (off); to snap; to wear out; (3) to be injured; (4) to burst; to collapse; (5) to be disconnected; to be out of; to expire; to sever (connections) with; (6) to be shrewd; to have a sharp mind

切らす [きらす](v5s) to be out of; to run out of; to be short of; to be out of stock

捏ねる [こねる](v1) to knead; to mix with fingers

熟す [こなす](v5s) to break to pieces; to digest; to handle easily

逃げる [にげる](v1) to escape; to run away

逃がす [にがす](v5s) to let loose; to set free; to let escape

漏れる [もれる](v1) to leak out; to escape; to come through; to shine through; to filter out; to be omitted

漏らす [もらす](v5s) to let leak; to reveal

焦げる [こげる](v1,vi) to burn; to be burned

焦がす [こがす](v5s) to burn; to scorch; to singe; to char

焦れる [じれる](v1) to get impatient; to become irritated; to fret; to chafe

焦らす [じらす](v5s) (uk) to irritate

滑れる [ずれる](v1) (uk) to slide; to slip off

ずらす(v5s) to put off; to delay

暮れる [くれる](v1) to get dark; to end; to come to an end; to close; to run out

暮らす [くらす](v5s) to live; to get along

満ちる [みちる](v1) to be full; to rise (tide); to mature; to expire

満たす [みたす](v5s) (1) to fill (e.g. a cup); (2) to satisfy; to ingratiate; to fulfill

晴れる [はれる](v1) to be sunny; to clear away; to stop raining

晴らす [はらす](v5s) to dispel; to clear away; to refresh (oneself)

暈ける [ぼける](v1) to grow senile; to fade (colour, color)

暈す [ぼかす](v5s) to shade off; to obscure

負ける [まける](v1) to lose; to be defeated

負かす [まかす](v5s) to defeat

戯れる [じゃれる](v1) (1) to be playful; to gambol; to be amused (with something); to play; to sport; to frolic; to joke; (2) to flirt with

戯かす [じゃらかす](v5s) to call for jokes

震える [ふるえる](v1) to shiver; to shake; to quake

震わせる [ふるわせる](v1) to be shaking; to be trembling

遅れる [おくれる](v1) to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind schedule; to be overdue

遅らす [おくらす](v5s) to retard; to delay

溺れる [おぼれる](v1) to be drowned; to indulge in

溺らす [おぼらす](v5s) (1) to drown; (2) to cause to be indulged or addicted

荒れる [あれる](v1) to be stormy; to be rough; to lose one's temper

荒らす [あらす](v5s) (1) to lay waste; to devastate; to damage; (2) to invade; to break into

飽きる [あきる](v1) to get tired of; to lose interest in; to have enough

飽かす [あかす](v5s) to glut; to satiate; to weary; to tire; to bore; to weary

冷える [ひえる](v1,vi) to grow cold; to get chilly; to cool down

冷やす [ひやす](v5s,vt) to cool; to refrigerate

増える [ふえる] 増やす [ふやす]

(v1,vi) to increase; to multiply (v5s,vt) to increase; to add to; to augment

癒える [いえる](v1) to recover; to be healed

癒す [いやす](v5s) to heal; to cure

費える [ついえる](v1) to collapse

費やす [ついやす](v5s) to spend; to devote; to waste

肥える [こえる](v1) (1) to grow fat; to grow fertile; (2) to have good taste

肥やす [こやす](v5s) to fertilize; to fertilise; to manure; to enrich

燃える [もえる](v1) to burn

燃やす [もやす](v5s) to burn

起きる [おきる](v1) (1) to get up; to rise; (2) to wake up; (3) to occur; to happen; to take place起こる [おこる](v5r) to occur; to happen

起こす [おこす](v5s) to raise; to cause; to wake someone

落ちる [おちる](v1) (1) to fall down; to drop; (2) to fail (e.g. exam); (3) to crash; to degenerate; to degrade

落とす [おとす](v5s) to drop; to lose; to let fall

下りる [おりる](v1) to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to descend (e.g. a mountain)

下ろす [おろす](v5s) to take down; to launch; to drop; to lower; to let (a person) off; to unload; to discharge

降りる [おりる](v1) to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to descend (e.g. a mountain)

降ろす [おろす](v5s) to take down; to launch; to drop; to lower; to let (a person) off; to unload; to discharge

干る [ひる](v1) to dry

干す [ほす](v5s,vt) to air; to dry; to desiccate; to drain (off); to drink up

消える [きえる](v1) to go out; to vanish; to disappear

消す [けす](v5s) (1) to erase; to delete; (2) to turn off power; (3) to bump off (sl)

越える [こえる](v1) to exceed; to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to pass over (out of)

越す [こす](v5s) (1) to cross over (e.g. mountain); to go across; (2) to go over (e.g. with audience); (3) to pass (time, e.g. a winter); (4) to surpass; to be better than; (5) to move house

寝る [ねる](v1) to go to bed; to lie down; to sleep

寝かす [ねかす](v5s) to put to sleep; to lay (something) on its

side

汚れる [けがれる](v1) to get dirty; to become dirty

汚す [けがす](v5s) (1) to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor; (2) to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to make dirty; to stain

壊れる [こわれる](v1,vi) to be broken; to break

壊す [こわす](v5s,vt) to break; to break down

隠れる [かくれる](v1,vi) to hide; to be hidden; to conceal oneself; to disappear

隠す [かくす](v5s,vt) to hide; to conceal

崩れる [くずれる](v1) to collapse; to crumble

崩す [くずす](v5s) to destroy; to pull down; to make change (money)

倒れる [たおれる](v1,vi) to collapse; to break down; to go bankrupt; to fall; to drop; to die; to succumb to; to fall senseless; to be ruined; to have a bad debt

倒す [たおす](v5s,vt) to throw down; to beat; to bring down; to blow down; to fell; to knock down; to trip up; to defeat; to ruin; to overthrow; to kill; to leave unpaid; to cheat

離れる [はなれる](v1) to be separated from; to leave; to go away; to be a long way off

離す [はなす](v5s) to part; to divide; to separate

現れる [あらわれる](v1) (1) to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to come out; to embody; to materialize; to materialise; (2) to express oneself

現す [あらわす](v5s) to show; to indicate; to display

零れる [こぼれる](v1,vi) to overflow; to spill

零す [こぼす](v5s,vt) to spill

流れる [ながれる](v1) to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to run (ink); to be washed away

流す [ながす](v5s) to drain; to float; to shed (blood, tears); to cruise (e.g. taxi)

解れる [ほぐれる](v1) to come untied; to come apart

解ぐす [ほぐす](v5s) to unfasten

穢れる [けがれる](v1) to get dirty; to become dirty

穢す [けがす](v5s) (1) to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor; (2) to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to make dirty; to stain

逃れる [のがれる] 逃す [のがす]

(v1) to escape (v5s) to let loose; to set free; to let escape

乱れる [みだれる](v1) to get confused; to be disordered; to be disturbed

乱す [みだす](v5s) to throw out of order; to disarrange; to disturb

潰れる [つぶれる](v1) to be smashed; to go bankrupt

潰す [つぶす](v5s) to smash; to waste

乾く [かわく](v5k,vi) to get dry

乾かす [かわかす](v5s,vt) to dry (clothes, etc.); to desiccate

驚く [おどろく](v5k) to be surprised; to be astonished

驚かす [おどろかす](v5s) to surprise; to frighten; to create a stir

照る [てる](v5r,vi) to shine

照らす [てらす](v5s) to shine on; to illuminate

凝る [こる](v5r) to grow stiff; to be absorbed in; to be devoted to; to be a fanatic; to elaborate

凝らす [こらす](v5s) to concentrate; to devote; to apply; to strain; to rack

減る [へる](v5r,vi) to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate

減らす [へらす](v5s,vt) to abate; to decrease; to diminish; to shorten

交う [かう](v5u) to take turns; to mingle together

交わす [かわす](v5s) to exchange (messages); to dodge; to parry; to avoid; to turn aside

飛ぶ [とぶ](v5b) to jump; to fly; to leap; to spring; to bound; to hop

飛ばす [とばす](v5s) to skip over; to omit

動く [うごく](v5k,vi) to move; to stir; to shift; to shake; to swing; to operate; to run; to go; to work; to be touched; to be influenced; to waver; to fluctuate; to vary; to change; to be transferred

動かす [うごかす](v5s,vt) to move; to shift; to set in motion; to operate; to inspire; to rouse; to influence; to mobilize; to mobilise; to deny; to change

凝る [こごる](v5r) to congeal; to freeze

凝らす [こごらす](v5s,vt) to freeze; to congeal

燻ぶる [いぶる](v5r) to smoke; to smoulder; to smolder; to sputter

燻す [いぶす](v5s,vt) (1) to smoke (something); to fumigate; (2) to oxidize; to oxidise

転がる [ころがる](v5r) to roll; to tumble

転がす [ころがす](v5s,vt) to roll

舞う [まう](v5u,vi) to dance; to flutter about; to revolve回る [まわる](v5r) (1) to turn; to revolve; (2) to visit several places

回す [まわす](v5s) to turn; to revolve

沸く [わく](v5k) to boil; to grow hot; to get excited; to gush forth

沸かす [わかす](v5s,vt) to boil; to heat

鳴る [なる](v5r) to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble

鳴らす [ならす](v5s,vt) to ring; to sound; to chime; to beat; to snort (nose)

脱ぐ [ぬぐ](v5g) to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress

脱がす [ぬがす](v5s) to strip someone; to help someone remove (clothes)

浮く [うく](v5k) to float; to become merry; to become loose

浮かす [うかす](v5s) to raise; to rise

及ぶ [およぶ](v5b) to reach; to come up to; to amount to; to befall; to happen to; to extend; to match; to equal

及ぼす [およぼす](v5s) to exert; to cause; to exercise

遊ぶ [あそぶ](v5b) (1) to play; to make a visit (esp. for pleasure); (2) to be idle; to do nothing

遊ばす [あそばす](v5s) to let one play; to leave idle; to do (polite)

散る [ちる](v5r) to fall; to scatter (e.g. blossoms)

散らす [ちらす](v5s) to scatter; to disperse; to distribute

曇る [くもる](v5r) to become cloudy; to become dim

曇らす [くもらす](v5s) to encloud; to make dim or dull; to frown

反る [そる](v5r) (1) to warp; to be warped; to curve; to be curved; to be arched; (2) to bend (backward)

反らす [そらす](v5s,vt) to bend; to warp; to curve

尽くす [つくす](v5s) (1) to exhaust; to run out; (2) to devote; to serve (a person); to befriend

尽かす [つかす](v5s) to be disgusted with; to give up on

成る [なる](v5r) (uk) to become

成す [なす](v5s) to perform; to accomplish

通る [とおる] 通す [とおす]

(v5r) to pass (by); to go through; to walk along; to pass exams

(v5s) to let pass; to overlook; to continue; to keep; to make way for; to persist in

直る,治る [なおる](v5r,vi) (1) to be cured; to get well; to be healed; (2) to get mended; to be repaired; to be fixed

直す,治す [なおす](v5s,vt) (1) to cure; to heal; (2) to fix; to correct; to repair

返る [かえる](v5r) to return; to come back; to go back

返す [かえす](v5s,vt) to return something

帰る [かえる](v5r) to go back; to go home; to come home; to return

帰す,還す [かえす](v5s) to send back

残る [のこる](v5r) to remain; to be left

残す [のこす](v5s) to leave (behind, over); to bequeath; to save; to reserve

下る,降る [くだる](v5r) to get down; to descend

下す,降す [くだす](v5s) to lower; to let go down

来る [きたる](v5r) to come; to arrive; to be due to; to be next; to be forthcoming

来す [きたす](v5s) to cause; to induce; to bring about a result or state; to produce

浸る [ひたる](v5r) to be soaked in; to be flooded

浸す [ひたす](v5s) to soak; to dip; to drench

被る [かぶる](v5r) to wear; to put on (head); to pour or dash water (on oneself)

被す [かぶす](v5s) to cover (with something)also 被せる [かぶせる]

散らかる [ちらかる](v5r) to be in disorder; to lie scattered around

散らかす [ちらかす](v5s) to scatter around; to leave untidy

乗る [のる](v5r) (1) to get on; to ride in; to board; to mount; to get up on; (2) to spread (paints); to be taken in; (3) to share in; to join; to be found in (a dictionary); to feel like doing; to be mentioned in; to be in harmony with

乗す [のす](v5s) to place on (something); to take on board; to give a ride to乗せる [のせる](v1) to place on (something); to take on board; etc.

寄る [よる](v5r) to visit; to drop in; to approach

寄す [よす](v5s) (arch) to bring near; to put close; to let come near

足る [たる](v5r) to be sufficient; to be enough

足す [たす](v5s) (1) to add (numbers); (2) to do (e.g. one's

business)

濁る [にごる](v5r) to become muddy; to get impure

濁す [にごす](v5s) to make muddy; to prevaricate

戻る [もどる](v5r) to turn back; to return

戻す [もどす](v5s) to restore; to put back; to return

借る [かる](v5r) to borrow; to have a loan; to hire; to rent; to buy on credit

貸す [かす](v5s) to lend

渡る [わたる](v5r) to cross over; to go across

渡す [わたす](v5s) to pass over; to hand over

移る [うつる](v5r) (1) to move (house); to transfer (department); (2) to be infected; to be contagious

移す [うつす](v5s) to remove; to transfer; to infect

映る [うつる](v5r) to be reflected; to harmonize with; to harmonise with; to come out (photo)

映す [うつす](v5s) to project; to reflect; to cast (shadow)

写る [うつる](v5r) to be photographed; to be projected

写す [うつす]to film; to transcribe; to duplicate; to reproduce; to trace; to describe; to picture; to photograph; to imitate

余る [あまる](v5r) to remain; to be left over; to be in excess; to be too many

余す [あます](v5s) to save; to leave over; to spare

過ぎる [すぎる](v1,vi) to pass; to go beyond; to elapse; to exceed

過ごす [すごす](v5s,vt) to pass; to spend; to go through; to tide over

無くなる [なくなる](v5r) to disappear; to get lost

無くす [なくす](v5s) (1) to lose something; (2) to get rid of

悩む [なやむ](v5m) to be worried; to be troubled

悩ます [なやます](v5s) to afflict; to torment; to harass; to molest

済む [すむ](v5m) to finish; to end; to be completed

済ます [すます](v5s) (1) to finish; to get it over with; to conclude; (2) to settle; to pay back; (3) to get along (without something)

澄む,清む [すむ](v5m) to clear (e.g. weather); to become

澄ます,清ます [すます](v5s) to clear; to make clear; to be unruffled; to

transparentlook unconcerned; to look demure; to look prim; to put on airs

外れる [はずれる](v1,vi) to be disconnected; to get out of place; to be off; to be out (e.g. of gear)

外す [はずす](v5s) (1) to unfasten; (2) to remove; (3) to bump off (sl)

The final table contains pairs that don't seem to fit into the above categories.

TRANSITIVE INTRANSITIVE

生む [うむ](v5m) to give birth; to deliver; to produce

生まれる [うまれる](v1) to be born

浴びせる [あびせる](v1) to pour on

浴びる [あびる](v1) to bathe; to bask in the sun; to shower

寄せる [よせる](v1) (1) to come near; to let someone approach; (2) to collect; to gather; to add; to put aside

寄る [よる](v5r) to visit; to drop in; to approach