Chapter 2

Transplantations and Borderlands

POLITICAL—government, laws, officials,

diplomacy.

SOCIAL—culture, society, religion, movements

ECONOMIC—money, making a living, wages, employments, raw materials, production of goods, selling of goods.

P.S.E.

The New World—why were Europeans

looking for it? The Difference between the Colonies of

the Chesapeake and the New England Colonies—the beginnings of sectionalism in the New World

Colonial Relationships with the Native Americans—strange bedfellows

Mercantilism—justifying colonialism and sparking independence

Themes of Chapter 2

1490’s—Europeans came to the America’s

(the New World) in search of a place they had already been…Asia.

They wanted to trade silk, spices, and gold with China, India, and Japan…They didn’t know North and South America were in the way.

Christopher Columbus in 1492 “discovers” the Island of Hispania (Haiti) and a national hero is born!!!!!

The New World

Our View of Columbus

The Real Columbus

Chesapeake Colonies

(Virginia, Maryland, Carolinas, Maryland)

New England Colonies

(Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island)

Come to the new world in search of their fortune—The Virginia Company

Come to the new world attempting to escape religious persecution—Puritans

In conflict with Indians from the beginning

At first had a good, helpful relationship with the Indians

Tobacco and other cash crops raised by wealthy King appointed land owners ruled the colonies

Religious leaders ruled the colonies

Mostly men came to the New World

Mostly families came to the New World

Needed slavery to maintain economy

Focused on fishing and trade to maintain economy

Climate suited for large scale “cash crop” farming

Climate suited for small scale farming

People lived harder, shorter lives

People grew wealthier and healthier

Chesapeake vs. New England

The Starving Time—1609-10, Indians killed the

livestock of Jamestown in retaliation of an earlier colonist raid and barricaded them inside the city where they were forced to eat “rats, cats, and dogs” until supplies arrived from England. In 1609 there were 500 residence in Jamestown. By 1610 there were only 60.

The Pequot War—1637, a near genocide of the Pequot Indians by Connecticut colonists who were in competition with the Indians over trade with Dutch and land.

Indian Relations

King Philip’s War—1675 Chief Wampanoag led a war

to exterminate the New England colonists who were encroaching on their land and were attempting to convert them to Christianity. Over 2,000 colonists were killed until the Chief was captured and killed.

Bacon’s Rebellion—A rebellion of pour white Virginia colonists and slaves who were pushed out into the wilderness by wealthy landowners and attacked by Indians. Bacon led a rebellion to get back land and force the Virginia governor to protect the wilderness colonists from Indians.

Indian Relations

A belief that the world’s wealth is very limited so one nation’s

gain is another nation’s loss.What would this lead a country to do?

The goal was to have more exports than imports and build a stockpile of gold and silver.

To achieve this goal the government heavily regulated the economy.

England adopts Mercantilism and uses the colonies to produce raw goods tax free and cheap so it does not have to buy those goods from other countries.

How do the colonists feel about this? NAVIGATION ACTS—British law that outlawed the sale of certain

Colonial goods to anyone but the BritishWhy would they do that?

Mercantilism

Chapter 3

Society and Culture in Provincial America

Colonial Life—stark differences between the North and

South, self-subsistence, household industry, agriculture the foundation of the economy.

Slavery and Indentured Servitude—incredible need for labor to maintain economy.

Economies of the North and South--origins, traditions, and natural resources decided economies.

The Great Awakening and the Enlightenment—a change in the way Colonists think.

Themes of Chapter 3

Colonial Life

People in Europe who could not afford passage

to the New World INDEDTURED themselves (promised their labor) to wealthy people.

Most IS did not have the same rights as everyone else

Some were bought and sold like slaves A large portion of immigrants arrived in the

New World as servents

Indentured Servants

Slavery begins with Columbus

Slavery was “required” in the Southern Economy Cash crops like rice and tobacco required massive tracts of

land, huge crop yields to be profitable, and an extremely large labor force=cheap labor force (slaves)

1700—Virginia had 6,000 slaves—1/12 of the population

1760—Virginia had 170,000 slaves—1/2 of the population

Slavery

North South

Economy: N vs. S

Diverse Agriculture

Merchants

Close ties to Europe

Little to no slavery

Tobacco, Rice, Indigo and Cash Crops

Slave workforce

Boom and Bust Economy

Plantation System

Foreign Merchants

Industrial Raw Materials

Indentured Servants

Relied heavily on

English credit

Small Industry Grew

Participated in the Triangle Trade

1730-1740 Declining religious piety led colonial Churches

to try and reinvigorate Christianity and activity in the church.

Emphasized missionary spirit—converting Indians and Slaves

Emphasized the breaking away from the past Divided the church in the colonies

The Great Awakening

A philosophy that stresses that reason can be

used to improve the human condition…not just God.

Enlightened thinkers (like Thomas Jefferson) believed that people had “natural rights” they were born with. Remind you of anything?

Lead to a greater belief in science and medicine

Stressed education Believed that people were in control of their

own destiny.

The Enlightenment

Chapter 4

The Empire in Transition

Colonists becoming Americans—Colonists start to

have a national identity unaffiliated with Britain

France vs. Britain—fighting over North American resources and trade, The French and Indian War

Wounds of War—the aftermath of the French and Indian War, Britain wins the war but at a cost

Breaking Ties—Colonists begin the path towards self determination

Themes of Chapter 4

Colonists tired of British policy of SALUTORY NEGLECT

The King ignored the colonies and focused on gaining new territories and protecting the homeland,

Appointing officials in the colonies based on political connections rather than skills

Weakened British hold on political affairs in the colonies Lead to more self governing colonies

Growth of Colonial Assemblies—Colonists began government themselves and writing their own laws

ALBANY PLAN Proposed by Benjamin Franklin, it was the first attempt to

organize all the colonies into one “federation” Organized to help defend against the French and Indians First proposal for a “nation” of states/colonies Was never approved

Colonists becoming Americans

French and Indian War 1756-1763

Fought over control of North American Trade and resources

Fought between French/Iroquois vs. British/Colonists Much of the fighting was on the “frontier” Colonists were generally not in support of the war. WHY? British had to offer to pay colonial militias and reimburse

them to get them to fight. 24,000 did creating huge British debt.

Treaty of Paris ended the war and pushed the French north into what is now Canada, and gave Spain the territory of Louisiana.

France vs. Britain

Washington in the F&I War

French and Indian war is incredibly costly for

Britain They levy taxes on the colonists to pay for war

debtsIs this fair?

Americans are bitter over how they are treated by the British

British continue to place more and more taxes on the colonies to pay for the Empire

Dissent gains strength

Wounds of War

Public discourse and anger of British taxation without

representation fuels a growing movement towards independence Sugar, Currency, and Stamp Acts—the British try oppression to

quite the colonies Sons of Liberty 1765—group formed in Boston championing

independence The Boston Massacre 1770—public view of British as violent

bully’s killing their own people The First Continental Congress 1775—coming together of

colonial delegate, nothing happens. Common Sense by Thomas Paine 1776—popular pamphlet that

lays the foundation for independence The Second Continental Congress 1776—The Declaration of

Independence

Breaking Ties