trends in high -speed optical connectivity 高速光互联的趋势 chinese.pdf · • hierarchical...

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 1Cisco Public 1© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Trends in High-speed optical connectivity 高速光互联的趋势

Matt Traverso

LightCounting Seminar

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 2

流量增长趋势：

Next Gen Optics Technology

The impact on optical technology requirements

The impact on System requirements

The impact on Network Architecture

Traffic growth trends

产生的影响

对网络架构的影响

对系统需求的影响

对光技术要求的影响

下一代光技术


Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2010–2015

More Devices更多设备

More Internet Users

Faster Broadband Speeds更

More Rich Media Content 更多富

Key Growth Factors

Nearly 15B Connections 接近150亿连接件

4-Fold Speed Increase

3 Billion Internet Users 1M Video Minutes per Second主要增长因素

4 倍增

更多用户 30亿

1 百万Video Minutes/每秒


63 EBper mo

20 EBper mo

81 EBper mo

50 EBper mo

38 EBper mo

28 EBper mo

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global IP Traffic Forecast, 2010–2015

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


流量增长趋势




The impact on Network Architecture 对网络架构的影响


产生的影响


对光技术需求的影响

下一代光技术

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 6Cisco Confidential 6

2014…

Access & Server:接入Moving to 10G/40G

Distribution:传输网10G / 40G

Core: 核心网40G / 100G

Metro / WAN:城域/广域40G / 100G

Modular ToR BladeSwitches

Rack Servers Rack Servers BladeServers

机架服务器机架服务器刀片服务器


3 Tier ArchitectureOversubscription between

Access, Aggregation and CoreNon-blocking Data Center FabricOversubscription only in Access

Why the Transition? 为什么会有这种变化？• Resource mobility throughout the DC (VMs and Physical Machines) •在数据中心中资源配置灵活（VM和物理机器）• Overcome Real Estate restrictions – Host an application anywhere 超越场地限制—可以在任何地方运行

• Network Bandwidth less expensive than cost of add/move changes of servers 网络带宽比拆装服务器的成本低

CY2010+

Large MSDC doing this on new network builds

Past

3 层架构

在接入汇聚

和核心层产生拥挤

扁平数据中心只在接入层产生拥挤。

大MSDC 在新网络结构上运行此方案。





The impact on Network Architecture 对网络架构的影响



产生的影响

流量增长趋势


下一代光技术


L3 Cloud

ToR ToR ToR ToR ToR ToR

L3

L3L2

L3

ToR ToR ToR ToR ToR ToR

L2

L2

L3L2

L3 Cloud

• Hierarchical Topology• High-end & low end system and i/o

mix 高低端系统和 i/o混合• Oversubscription 拥挤

• Flat Topology 扁平拓扑• Lowest cost systems 最低成本系统• Highly meshed – no oversubscription• 网状度高—没有拥挤• Significant machine to machine traffi

– low latency 极大的机器到机器流量低延迟

• Next gen interfaces insert at core & migrate deeper

• Significant port count and link count increase 端口数和链接数激增

• Requires high-density low-cost optical interfaces 需要高密度和低成本光接口。

分层拓扑

下一代接口安装在核心网，然后漫射到其他网







产生的影响

流量增长趋势




下一代光技术


Data CenterAccess

Data CenterAggregation

Edge/Aggregation Routing

Core Routing

Opt

ical

C

halle

nges

Many platforms across the networking space

System Cost can be dominated by these issues

Port DensityPort Cost

PowerThermal

数据中心接入

数据中心汇聚

边缘/汇聚路由

核心路由

端口密度

端口成本

能耗

散热

系统成本由以上问题决定


SXMMFLX4 300m

SR 300m*

LRM 220m 100G-SR10 100m OM3150m OM4

Parallel Fiber

1G

LXSMF

10G

ER 40km

LR 10km

100G

100G-ER4

100G-LR4

40km

10km

40G

40G-SR4

40G-LR4

40G-FR 2km

Only 100m on OM3 Only 100m on OM3

TCopperT

CX4 15m

100G-CR10 7mTwinax40G-CR4

*SR reach is 300m over OM3 fiber

• Some gaps exist in the application space for 40GE & 100GE 在40GE和100GE 的应用中有缺口存在。

• Industry working to address these application gaps 业界努力解决这些应用缺口问题

• Need to be cautious that multiple solutions are not all targeting the same market – Distinct Identity 加倍注意多个解读方案不一定能解决市场所有问题—我们需要一对一的解决方案。


TCopperT

CX4 15m

100G-CR10 7mTwinax

SXMMF

LX4 300m

SR 300m*

LRM 220m 100G-SR10 100m OM3150m OM4

Parallel Fiber

1G

LXSMF

10G

ER 40km

LR 10km

100G

100G-ER4

100G-LR4

40km

10km

Proposed PMD’s提议的PMD

Reach 波长媒质Media / Cabling布线

Standard Status 标准状态

Publication发布时间

Electrical I/O

100GBASE-CR4 <5 m Copper, TwinAx Task Force, 802.3bj 2013 – 2014 4x25G

100GBASE-SR4 <50 m ? OM-3/4 MMF, Ribbon 12 Study Group 2014 ? 4x25G

100GBASE-xyz < 500 m – 2 km? SMF, Duplex Study Group 2014 ? 4x25G

40GBASE-ER4 < 40 km SMF, Duplex Study Group 2014 ? 4x25G

40G

40G-CR4

40G-SR4

40G-LR4

40G-FR 2km

*SR reach is 300m over OM3 fiber

100G-SR4 ?

100G-CR4 ?

100G-xyz ?

40G-ER4 ?

100m OM3

→ Under Consideration酝酿中

?

http://www.ieee802.org/3/bj/index.html�

http://www.ieee802.org/3/100GNGOPTX/index.html�









产生的影响

流量增长趋势




下一代光技术

© 2011 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 15Extended reach 40GbE CFI – March 2012 - Hawaii 15

Existing Solution – bulky & costly 现存

解决方案—笨重且昂贵

• Requires sophisticated user base操作人员需要良好的培训

• Requires additional equipment需要额外设备

• Optimized for ‘00s to ‘000s of km 只为百级和

• 千级波长的收发器优化

Proposed Solution – simple…提议的解决方案简单

• New PMD only 只适用于新的ＰＭＤ

• Lack of point to point definition in telecom allows for additional Ethernet application 在电信级别没有点对点定义，允许其他以太网应用。

DWDM Common EquipmentAmplifier / Filters/etc.

DWDMTransponder 40GBASE-Exx

up to 40 km of fiber…

up to 40 km of fiber…TX / RX

TX / RX

40GBASE-LR4 or40GBASE-SR4 or4 x 10GBASE-E

CFI to study an extended reach (> 10km) 40GBASE-R PMD

CFI将研究40GBASE-R PMD的更高波长（>10km)


Optical waveform (10.3Gb/s)

1271nm

1291nm

1311nm

1331nm

Source: Sumitomo Electric~7dB extinction ratio

40GBASE-LR4Vendor b

40GBASE-ER4

Power budget (for max TDP) 9.3 22.3Operating distance 10 30 40 40 30 40Maximum fiber loss per km 0.47 0.47 0.4 0.47 0.4Optical connector loss 2 2 2 2Channel insertion loss max 6.7 16 18 18.8 18Channel insertion loss min 0 0Maximum discrete reflectance -26 -26 -26 -26Allocation for penalties (for max TDP) 2.6 2.6 2.6 3.5Additional insertion loss allowed 0 2 0 0

Vendor a 40GBASE-ER4

20.6

Vendor c 40GBASE-ER4

-265.15.1

Possible link budgets assuming 40 km & 1300 nm operation

４ｘ１０Ｇ４０ｋｍ波长光模块－示例光波形

波长 40km 和1300nm 收发器的特定光规格


DWDM

• Pluggable optics addressing DWDM at ≤10G is an established network technology 适用于≤10G DWDM的可插式光模块是成熟的网络技术

• Often deployed over dark fiber or leased lines 通部署于未使用的光纤或租用缆。

• Going forward to 40G & 100G – solutions less clear 40G和100G• 的解决方案尚不明朗。

• Dispersion Budget 色散预算• Amplifier Spacing 放大器间距• Wavelength Pitch • SNR budgets 信噪比预算

Follow 10G Deployment Rules or embrace Coherent? 是沿用10G部署原则还是采纳相干技术？


…is a key enabler for systems to maintain pace with the requirements of the Terabit wave 是使系统满足Terabit级波要求的

主要能动力

System cost reduction系统成本降低

Port density increase端口密度增加


System/network scaling系统/网络标度

System Scale系统规模

System Goal 系统目标

Optical Module Size & Power reduction光模块尺寸和耗能降低

Challenge 挑战

Packaging simplification封装简化Reach (MMF challenges)波长（MMF挑战）The next speed (400G/1T)下个速度


Silicon Photonics

directly applicable to

all these challenges硅光技术是解决这些难题的有

力武器。


PAM-8 @ 35 Gbaud PAM-16 @ 25 Gbaud

• Current IEEE proposal is focused on a 500m to 2km reach 目前IEEE提案集中在500m 到2km波长

• 70% reduction in optical components• 较少光器件70%。

• Enables greater system density 可以适用于更大的系统密度

SMFPAMMD MOD

DFB

SMFPAMCDR/

Demux

CAUI4 100GE-PAM

25G

TIA PIN

25/34Gbaud

CDRCDRCDRCDR

25/34Gbaud

FEC

Enc

oder

FEC

Dec

oder


Thank you.

trends in high -speed optical connectivity 高速光互联的趋势 chinese.pdf · • hierarchical...

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