tropik infeksi
DESCRIPTION
tropmedTRANSCRIPT
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TROPIK INFEKSI
Fadhila Mahlaini Lubis
Oleh :
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DHF (dengue hemorhagic fever) Penyebab virus dengue,genus
flavivirus,family flaviviridae Terdapat 4 serotipe, DEN I-IV Vektor nyamuk aides aigepty
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Gejala klinis• Demam akut• Nyeri kepala • Nyeri retroorbital• Mialgia• Petechi• Leukopenia• Hematemesis dan melena• Trombositopeni• Kebocoran plasma :
a.peningkatan Ht > 20% b.penurunan Ht > 20% ,jika udah mendapatkan terapi
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Derajat menurut WHO Grade 1 : gejala klinis ,terdapat tanda
kebocoran plasma dan torniquet ( + ) Grade 2 : grade 1 + perdarahan
spontan Grade 3 : grade 2 + gagal sirkulasi Grade 4 : syok berat
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DSS:seluruh kriteria di atas disertai :a. kegagalan sirkulasi b. MAP < 65mmhgc. penurunan kesadran
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DIAGNOSIS Imunoserologi :
a. Ig Mb. Ig Gc. NS 1
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DEMAM DENGUE
Sama halnya dengan gejala DBD grade 1 , tetapi tidak disertai dengan kebocoran plasma.
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Therapy WHO
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Demam Tifoid Disebabkan oleh S.Typii
Makanan terkontaminasi Lambung Usus Peyerpatcth
Ileum distal
Ductus thoracicus
Organ RES
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Gejala Klinis:- mual,muntah,anoreksia-Demam ,sakit kepala,nyeri otot-Obstipasi,diare
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Pemeriksaan fisik
a. Coated tounge b. rose spot C. hepatosplenomegali d. gangguan kesadaran
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Laboratorium- Leukopeni ataupun leukositosis- Trombositopeni- SGOT/SGPT meningkat- LED meningkat
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Pemeriksaan penunjangGold standart : a. minggu 1
(kultur darah)b. minggu 2 ( kultur feses)c. minggu 3 (kultur urin)
Pemeriksaan lain ,yaitu : a. Tubex test b. Widal test
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Penatalaksanaan- Antibiotik- Bed rest - Diet dijaga steril
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Malaria Penyakit infeksi parasit yang disebabkan
oleh plasmodium ,vektor nyamuk anopheles.
Plasmodium a. Falciparum ( Malaria tropicana) ,1-2-1-2-1b. Vivax ( Malaria tertiana) , 1-2-1-2-1c. Malariae (Malaria quartana) ,1-2-1-2-1d. Ovale (Malaria Ovale) , 1-3-1-3-1
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Patogenesis HATI ERITROSIT
skizon Merozoit sel hati pecah (sporulasi I ) Tropozoit Merozoit (1 10-30ribu) sporulasi II
RelapsSkizon Hipnozoit Makro gametosit Mikro Gametosit
Sporozoit Makro Gamet Mikro Gamet
Ookist pecah inti sel membelah Fertilisasi Ookista mengandung Ookist
sporozoit Ookinet
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Sitoadherensi Sekuesterasi Rosetting
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Gejala Klinis Cardinal sign :a. Demam intermittenb. Tanda –tanda hemolitik
Stadium prodromal :Malaise ,mialgia, sakit kepala,anoreksia, demam
Trias:MenggigilDemamBerkeringat
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Plasmodium falciparum
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Plasmodium Malariae
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Plasmodium Vivax
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Plasmodium Ovale
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Malaria Berat Jika ditemukan P.Falciparum std.aseksual
dan disertai salah satu komplikasi :a. Komab. Anemia beratc. Asidosis Metabolikd. AKIe. Kejangf. Edem parug. Hemoglobinuria
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Diagnosis Tes Darah Tepi:a. Darah tebalb. Darah Tipis Rapid Test Optimal Test Serologi dan PCR
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PengobatanMALARIA
Hasil lab (+) plasmodium diketahui
HamilHasil lab
(-) ,plasmodium belum diketahui
ACT KloroquinKina Non ACT
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ACT ( Artemisinin Combination Therapy) Golongan Artemisin + Non ACT
Golongan artemisin: Artesunat,Artemeter, Artemisinin, Arteeter.
Yang tersedia : a. Arsuamoon b. Arterakine
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Non ACT Kloroquin Kina Sulfat Primakuin Doksisiklin Mefloquin
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Plasmodium falciparum ACT 3hari + Primakuin 1 hari
Plasmodium VivaxACT 3 hari + Primakuin 14 hari
Untuk mengetahui apakah pengobatan efektif atau tidak, maka sebaiknya dicek ulang darah pada hari ke-3,7, 14,28 sejak mulai pengobatan.
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Profilaksis Pilihan pertama Kloroquin Jika diketahui daerha yang dikunjungi
resisten, ganti dengan:a. doksisiklinb. mefloquinc. primaquin
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Leptospirosis
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Leptospirosis Penyebab : Lepospira
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Banyak dijumpai pada ginjal/urine tikus, anjing,kucing.kuda,lembu,babi,dll.
Masuk ke tubuh manusia melalui kulit dan selaput lendir
Menyerang , organ ginjal,hati ,otot , dan vascular
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Faktor Predisposisi Lingkungan : banjir dan rumah yang banyak
tikus
Pelihara kucing,anjing,babi
Pekerjaan: tukang kebun,peternak,dokter hewan
Aktivitas: berburu, berenang,bersampan,kemping
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Gejala klinis1. Demam2. Mialgia gastronekmius pain3. Nyeri perut4. Ikterus5. Hepatomegali6. Anoreksia7. Menggigil
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Weil’s Disease Jaundice Renal failure Haemorhages Myocarditis Arrytmias
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Diagnosis Dark field Microscope
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Pengobatan Doksisiklin 2 x 100 mg ( 7 hari) Penicilin G 1,5 MU/6 jam
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KECACINGAN
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Ascariasis Penyebab: ascariasis lumbricoides ,hidup
di usus halus dan bisa menyebar ke paru – paru ,bronkus,faring,laring.
Penularan : tertelan larva pada makanan.
Lab: Feses rutin
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Gejala :a. Demamb. Mual,muntah, anoreksia,konstipasic. Obstruksi usus d. Obstruksi biliere. Urtikaria f. Muntah cacing,batuk cacing, BAB
cacing , cacing keluar dari hidung
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Cacing tambang Jenis: Ancylostoma duodenale
Necator Americanus Hidup di usus halus dan dapat
penetrasi ke paru – paru dan kulit
Penularan : larva menembus kulit
Lab: feses rutin
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Gejala klinis a. Gatal di kaki b. Batuk darahc. mual.,kembung,mencretd. Anemia def.besi
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Oxyuris Vermicularis Sering menginfeksi anak – anak Penularan : tertelan telur dan terhirup Gejala :a. mual,muntahb. Susah tidur c. BB turun
Lab: Graham Scotch Adhesive tape
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Trichuriasis Tricuris Penularan: termakan telur yang infeksius Lab: feses rutin Gejala klinis: a. mencret berlendir berdarah,
obstipasi,mual, muntah, b. BB menurun, Malnutrisi, c. Anemia Def.B12
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Cutaneus Larva Migran Ancylostoma brazilienze Gejala klinis:a. Rasa panas dan gatalb. Ruam: garis tipis berkelok ( serpiginosa) c. Predileksi : tungkai
bawah,bokong,tangan.
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Filariasis Penyebab: a. Wucheria bancroftib. Brugria Malayi Vektor : culex dan anopeles Lab : SHD (JAM 22.00 – 02.00 ) Therapy : DEC 6mg /kgBB/hari
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Terima kasih