Trpno stanje (pasiv) - Passive Voicesubjekat + pomoni glagol "to be" + particip proli glavnog glagola

Trpno stanje (pasiv) mogu imati samo prelazni glagoli, tj. takvi koji uza se mogu imati objekat.

Pasiv pokazuje da subjekat ne vri radnju, ve da se radnja vri na subjektu:

The road has been repaired. (put je popravljen)Pasivni oblici se tvore tako to se uzme ono vrijeme glagola "to be" koje nam je potrebno i doda se particip proli glagola kojeg mijenjamo. To znai, da se pasivni prezent tvori od prezenta glagola "to be" i participa prolog glagola koji mijenjamo.

Aktivnu reenicu moemo pretvoriti u pasivnu ako se glagol stavi u trpno stanje, subjekat aktivne reenice postaje objekat pasivne, i ispred njega se stavlja prijedlog "by":

A: Everybody drinks water. (svi piju vodu)P: Water is drunk by everybody. (voda se pije od sviju)

- subjekat glagol objekat

aktiv Everybody drinks water

pasiv Water is drunk by everybody.

A: I wrote this letter. (ja sam napisao ovo pismo)P: This letter was written by me. (pismo je napisano od mene)

Neprelazni glagoli mogu postati prelazni ako im se doda prijedlog.

Trpno stanje se upotrebljava mnogo ee u engleskom jeziku nego u naem, koristi se:

kada subjekat koji vri radnju nije poznat:

My car has been stollen. (ukradeno mi je auto)She was given a nice birthday present. (dobila je lijep poklon za roendan)

ako se ne eli pomenuti vrilac radnje:

I have been told that you are engaged. (reeno mi je da ste se vjerili)She was said to have left her husband. (pria se da je ostavila svog mua)

ako nije potrebno pomenuti vrioca radnje jer to proizilazi iz konteksta (smisla) reenice ili nije bitno za smisao da mora biti pomenut:

Mistakes are always made. (greke se uvijek prave)

ako je subjekat pasivne reenice vaniji od vrioca radnje:

The "Tower" was written by Mea Selimovi. (Roman "Tvrava" je napisana od strane Mee Selimovia) (autor nas manje interesuje)The boy was punished by his father. (deko je kanjen od svog oca)Ahmed was attended by his sister during his illness. (Ahmeda je njegova sestra njegovala za vrijeme bolesti)

Bezlini oblici u naem jeziku kao to su "kae se", "razumije se", "podrazumijeva se" u engleskom jeziku se iskazuju u treem licu jednine srednjeg roda:

it is understood (razumije se, podrazumijeva se)that is known (to se zna)it is said (pria se)

Konjugacija pasiva u veini moguih vremena:

infinitivto be called

simplepresentit is called

pastit was called

futureit will be called

conditionalit would be called

continouspresentit is being called

pastit was being called

futureit will be being called

conditionalit would be being called

perfect simplepresentit has been called

pastit has been called

futureit will have been called

conditionalit would have been called

perfect continouspresentit has been being called

pastit had been being called

futureit will have been being called

conditionalit would have been being called