tte lava · 3 contents ievads tte lava introduction the romanian language part 1 – romanian...
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TTE LAVA
WORKBOOK
ROMANIAN
LANGUAGE COURSE
EIROPAS SAVIENĪBAS MŪŽIZGLĪTĪBAS PROGRAMMA
COMENIUS APAKŠPROGRAMMA
DIVPUSĒJAIS PARTNERĪBAS PROJEKTS
Šis projekts tika finansēts ar Eiropas Komisijas atbalstu. Šī publikācija atspoguļo
vienīgi autora uzskatus, un Komisijai nevar uzlikt atbildību par tajā ietvertās
informācijas jebkuru iespējamo izlietojumu.
2014
3
Projekta TTE LAVA dalībnieki
Skolotāji:
Elita Boliņa
Aiva Ozoliņa
Inga Baltace
Lidija Znotiņa
Iveta Meškovska
Silva Šaršūne
Violeta Teivāne
Dace Zarāne – Jemeļjanova
Ilmārs Zučiks
Izglītojamie:
Egita Mačevska
Māra Pēterfelde
Jūlija Timofejeva
Nikita Besprozvannijs
Loreta Dzjadzina
Veronika Romaļska
Jekaterina Vilimane
Marija Kintija Lagune
Samanta Gribute
Normunds Pavļukevičs
Vlads Iļjins
Edgars Baltacis
Olga Lavrinoviča
Jevgenijs Petkevičs
Iļja Kudrjavcevs
Ēvalds Teikmanis
Sanita Skudra
Viola Risa
Elīna Leiskina
Agnese Sauka
Anželika Fjodorova
Viktorija Jakovļeva
Andris Bogdanovičs
Artūrs Romulis
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CONTENTS
IEVADS TTE LAVA
INTRODUCTION THE ROMANIAN LANGUAGE
PART 1 – Romanian Grammar
Lesson 1 - Introduction and Pronunciation – 1h
Lesson 2 - Subject Pronouns – 2h
Lesson 3 - Basic Verbs – 1h
Exercises – 1h
Lesson 4 – Plurals – 1h
Test: Words and plurals – 1h
Lesson 5 – Articles and adjectives – 1 h
Lesson 6 – Subjunctive – 1 h
Lesson 7 – Future – 1 h
Lesson 8 –Past tense – 2 h
Test: Past tense – 1h
Lesson 9 –Reflexive verbs – 1 h
Lesson 10 - Possessives – 3 h
Conversational basics – 1h
PART 2 – Conversation in Romanian
Lesson 1 – Problems – PROBLEME – 1h
Lesson 2 – Numbers – NUMERE – 1 h
Lesson 3 - Time – TIMP 1h
Lesson 4 - Colours – CULORI 1h
Lesson 5 - Means of transport – MIJLOACE DE TRANSPORT 1h
Lesson 6 - Lodging – CAZARE 1h
Lesson 7 - Money – BANI 1h
Lesson 8 - Food.Places to eat – MÂNCĂRURI. LOCALURI 2h
Lesson 9 - Shopping – LA CUMPĂRĂTURI 2 h
Lesson 10 - Meetings.Invitations – ÎNTÂLNIRI. INVITAŢII 2 h
Bonus: Proverbs and Songs
Bibliography
Domas par projektu
LAVA TTE attēlos
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5
IEVADS TTE LAVA
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Eiropas Savienības Mūžizglītības programmas
Comenius apakšprogrammas
divpusējās partnerības projekts
Train Ticket to Europe: Language Awareness through Visual Arts
Līguma numurs:
2012-1-RO1-COM07-22631 2
Projekta akronīms:
TTE LAVA
Projekta ilgums:
2012. gada 1. augusts - 2014. gada 31. jūlijs
Projekta partneri:
• Liceul de Arte, Rumānija, Alba Iulia (koordinators)
• Daugavpils 12. vidusskola, Latvija (partneris)
Projekta apraksts:
TTE LAVA projekta pamatā ir valodas apguve un tās pielietošana. 16 līdz 19 gadus veci
skolēni no Rumānijas un Latvijas skolām projekta laikā mācījās partnervalsts valodu ar angļu
valodas palīdzību. Skolēni izmantojot dažādas vizuālās mākslas: teātra izrāde, zīmēšana,
gleznošana, fotogrāfija, skulptūra un e-māksla projekta laikā izveidoja rumāņu un latviešu
valodas apguves materiālus. Šie materiāli bija viņu bagāža vilciena ceļojumam, kas piestāja
Latvijas un Rumānijas stacijās. Ceļojuma beigās skolēni ir iepazinuši citas Eiropas kultūru un
valodu.
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Projekta aktivitātes:
1. Starptautiskās mobilitātes: 11 dienu gara Rumānijas skolēnu un skolotāju vizīte
Latvijā 2013. gada aprīlī un 10 dienu gara Latvijas skolēnu un skolotāju vizīte
Rumānijā 2013. gada septembrī.
2. 30 stundu intensīva partnervalsts valodas apguve, izmantojot angļu valodu: 20
stundas skolēni apguva partnervalsts skolotāju vadībā un 10 stundas savas valsts
skolotāju vadībā.
3. Valodas apguves materiālu izveide:
Valodas darba burtnīca (Textual Support)
Vizuālā vārdnīca (Visual Support): plakāti valodas apguvei un zīmējumi,
gleznojumi, fotogrāfijas, skulptūras, e-māksla
Audio-video materiāli (Audio support): darba burtnīcas materiāls ieskaņots
latviešu un rumāņu valodā un Šekspīra lugas fragmenta ieraksts
4. Projekta valodas apguves materiālu augšupielāde e-twinning, Twinspace „TTE
LAVA Language Store”. Skolēni un skolotāji var to apmeklēt un dalīties idejās.
5. Šekspīra lugas „Sapnis vasaras naktī” fragmenta dramatizējums dzimtajā un
partnervalsts valodā.
6. Rumāņu valodas apguves fakultatīvo nodarbību materiāla izstrāde.
Iesaistītie pedagogi un skolēni
Projekta darba grupa 9 pedagogu sastāvā. Projektā piedalās 16 līdz 19 gadus veci
jaunieši no 9. līdz 11. klasei. Mobilitātē uz Rumāniju no 2013. gada 18. septembra līdz 27.
septembrim piedalījās 21 skolēns un 6 skolotāji.
350 Daugavpils 12. vidusskolas skolēni bija iesaistīti gan tieši, gan netieši ar projektu saistītās
aktivitātēs.
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9
THE ROMANIAN
LANGUAGE
10
INTRODUCTION
The Romanian Language
The official language of Romania is Romanian, an Indo-
European, neo-Latin language. In terms of sonority, Romanian is
very similar to Italian. The Romanian language is the result of the
evolution of the Latin spoken in Dacia and Moesia after they were
conquered and colonized by the Roman Empire.
The province of Dacia was colonized rapidly, and Latin
proved to be strong enough to dissolve and assimilate the native
dialects. Rapid Romanization, early Christianity, the day-to-day life
that continued in Dacia after the withdrawal of the Roman
administration in 271 – all these elements prove that the
transformation of Latin into a new language began very soon after
the Romans started the colonization of the lands of Dacians, when
the symbiosis between the conquerors and the local population
became real. This was a very long process, and it is difficult to state
when exactly it was completed.
At the grammatical level, Romanian is one of the most conservative Romance
languages, which is due to the fact that the speakers belonged to a marginal area, isolated from
the rest of the Romance world. Some scholars consider Romanian the most "pure" Romance
language in terms of grammar, i.e. the closest to Latin. However, Romanian has also been
shaped by various historical influences noticeable in the assimilations of Slavic, Hungarian,
Turkish, and neo-Romance elements.
The grammatical structure and the basic word stock of the Romanian language have
been inherited from Latin. As in all the other Romance languages, in Romanian there is a
substratum (i.e. those elements of the native dialects which were incorporated into the Vulgar
Latin) and a superstratum (i.e. the new elements that penetrated the new Romanian language
as a result of the invasions of the migratory peoples). In Romanian, the substratum is Dacian,
and the superstratum is mostly Slavic.
It is important to mention that Romanian did not experience the influence of classical
Latin, as other Romance languages did. In the Catholic areas (Italy, France, Spain), Latin was
the language of culture and religion, while Slavonic was used in the Orthodox Church and in
the administration of the Romanian States. Until the 19th
century, Romanian texts were also
written in Cyrillic, with adjustments for certain phonetic features of Romanian. It is therefore
not surprising that at the end of the 18th
and the beginning of the 19th
century there emerged
among Romanian intellectuals a strong reaction against the Slavic elements present in the
language. A process of systematic re-Latinization of Romanian begun, mainly supported by
Romanian writers. As a result, a massive amount of terms borrowed from other Romance
languages penetrated Romanian.
However, there are many elements in Romanian whose origin cannot be established
precisely. The most intense and active influence in Romanian today, as in other European and
especially East European countries and languages, is that of American English.
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Limba romana
Limba oficială a României este româna, o
limbă indo-europeană, neolatină. În ceea ce priveşte
sonoritatea, româna se aseamănă cu italiana. Limba
română este rezultatul evoluţiei limbii latine vorbite
în Dacia şi Moesia după ce au fost cucerite ş
icolonizate de Imperiul Roman.
Provincia Dacia a fost colonizată repede, şi
latina a asimilat dialectele locale. Romanizarea
rapidă, creştinismul timpuriu, rutina zilnică au
continuat după retragerea administraţiei romane în
anul 271 – elementele acestea demonstrează faptul că transformarea latinei într-o nouă limbă a
început imediat după colonizarea ţinuturilor dacice de către romani, când simbioza dintre
cuceritori şi populaţia locală a devenit o realitate. Procesul acesta a fost unul destul de lungşi
este greu de precizatcând s-a încheiat.
La nivel gramatical, româna este una dintre cele mai conservatoare limbi romanice, fapt
datorat izolării teritoriale a vorbitorilor de restullumii romane. Unii cercetători consideră
româna ca fiind cea mai „pură” limbă romanică în termini gramaticali, cea mai apropiată de
limba latină. Totuşi, româna a fost de asemenea conturată de variate influenţe istorice
observabile prin asimilarea elementelor slave, maghiare, turceşti, şi neo-romanice.
Structura gramaticală şi fondul principal de cuvinte ale limbii române au fost moştenite
din latină. Ca în toate celelalte limbi romanice, româna conţine un substrat (elementele
dialectelor locale care au fost incluse în latina vulgară) şi un superstrat (noile elemente care
au pătruns în română ca rezultat al invaziei popoarelor migratoare). În română, substratul este
dacic, iar superstratul este slav.
Este important de menţionat că româna nu a suferit influenţa latinei clasice, precum s-a
întâmplat cu celelalte limbi romanice. În zona catolică (Italia, Franţa, Spania), latina era limba
de cultură şi religie, pe când în Biserica Ortodoxă şi în administraţia ţărilor române se utiliza
slavona. Până în secolul XIX, textele româneşti erau scrise cu litere chirilice, cu anumite
adaptări pentru anumite trăsături fonetice ale românei. Nu este astfel surprinzător că la sfârşitul
secolului al XVIII-lea şi începutul secolului al XIX-lea a apărut în rândul intelectualilor o
puternică reacţie împotriva elementelor slave prezente în română. A început astfel un process
de relatinizare sistematică a limbii române susţinută mai ales de scriitorii români. Astfel au
pătruns în limba română o serie de termeni din alte limbi romanice.
Cu toate acestea, există multe elemente în
română a căror origine nu poate fi stabilită cu
exactitate. Cea mai intensă influenţă în română
astăzi, ca şi în alte ţări şi limbi europene şi mai ales
est-europene, este cea exercitată de engleza
americană.
12
13
THE LESSONS
14
Part 1: Romanian grammar
Lesson 1: Introduction and Pronunciation
Letter Pronunciation As in the English word....
a Ah father
e Eh bet
i Ee beet
o Oh pole
u Oo pool
ă Uh but
î, â Ew Two letters, but same sound. Not an English sound.
ţ Ts Pittsburg
ş Sh shower
c chbefore an “I” or
“e” beach
ch K bike
g j before an “I” or
“e” juice
gh G bag
IMPORTANT NOTE: Any Romanian word starting with “e” is pronounced with an English
“y” sound at the beginning.
Example: “este” is pronounced as yes-teh
Alfabetul Limbii Române – The Romanian Alphabet
Literă
(letter) ROMANIAN
English
Counterpart
a, A* acolo (there), cal (horse) art, car, far
ă, Ă* apă (water), masă (table) about, sun, but
â, Â* mână (hand), lână (wool) -
b, B burete (sponge), bine (good) bear, big
c, C casă (house), carte (book) car, come
d, D dar (gift, but), delfin (dophin) did, day
e, E* elefant (elephant), elev (pupil) egg, very
f, F film (movie), fată(girl) fizzy, photo
g, G gară (train station), greu (heavy) good, great
h, H harnic (hard-working), hai (come!) half, hard
i, I* iarnă (winter), inimă (heart) sit, fit
î, Î* îmbrăţişare (hug), înger (angel), a urî ( hate) -
j, J jar (remains of a fire), joi (Thursday) usual, visual
k, K ketchup, kilogram kilo, cat
l, L lac (lake), lumea (the world) long, last
m, M mâncare (food), mic (small), mare (big) milk, many
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n, N nucă (walnut), nepot (grandson) night, nose
o, O* os (bone), dor (longing) oil, on, pole
p, P pat (bed), pătură(blanket) pen, park
q, Q quipu (Inca writing system) keep
r, R rar (rare), raţă (duck) rock
s, S soră (sister), sarmale (meat rolls in cabbage) son, soft
ş, Ş şofer (driver), şapte (seven), şosete (socks) ship, wash, shower
t, T tren (train), timp (time) ten, topic
ţ, Ţ ţintă (target), ţară (country) Pittsburg
u, U* urs (bear), unt (butter), unde (where) cook, put
v, V vin (wine), verde (green) love, voice
w, W western (type of movie), weekend west
x, X xilofon (xylophone) , excursie (trip) ex-wife
y, Y yac (yak) yak
z, Z zi (day), zori (dawn) zebra, lazy
Diphthongs
Diphthong Romanian English
ai mai (May), cai (horses) my
au dau (I give), aur (gold) how
ea pleacă (leave), stea(star) -
ei lei (money, lions), chei(keys), vrei(you
want)
pray
[prei]
ia băiat (boy), piatră (stone), iarnă (winter) yahoo
ie băieţi (boys), pietre (stones), ierni
(winters)
yesterday
îi câine (dog), pâine (bread) -
oa
ou
oameni(people), şcoală(school)
nou (new), ou (egg)
wow
-
uă două (two), plouă(rains) sure
! You don’t have to memorize these if you can remember just to put the two vowel sounds
together to make the diphthong sound.
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Letter Pronunciation English
C: cine (who), ce(what)
ciorbă (soup), cer (sky, ask for) ch before an ‘i’ or ‘e’
beach
chair [tʃeər]
CH: chei. (keys), chec (dry cake),
chiriaş (tenant)
chipuri (faces)
k bike
[baɪk]
G: gelos (jealous), geniu (genius),
girafă (giraffe)
ginere (son-in-law)
gh before ‘i’ or ‘e’ job [dʒɒb]
GH: gheaţă (ice)
ghiozdan (school bab), ghicitoare
(riddle)
g bag
[bæg]
!Romanian words starting with ‘E’ are pronounced ‘IE’ (yes): eu (I), el (he), ele (they), este
(is), eşti (are), eram (I was), erai (you were), era (s/he was).
Exception: ea (she) [ia]
Note: You don’t have to memorize these if you can remember just to put the two vowel sounds together to make
the diphthong sound.
Example: i (ee) + e (eh) = ie (yeh)
o (oh) + a (ah) = oa (wah)
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Lesson 2: Subject Pronouns
The English subject pronouns (I, you, he, we, etc.) are the same in Romanian. The only
exception is that Romanian, like the other Romance languages, has a singular and plural “you”
form. Here is the list with the pronouns:
eu - I noi- we
tu - you voi - you (pl.)
el, ea - he, she ei, ele - they (m.), they (f.)
NOTES:
1.The subject pronoun is not normally used before the verb in spoken Romanian. However, it
can be used to show emphasis.
El merge la cinema. = He is going to the cinema. (As opposed to someone else going)
2. If there is a group of masculine and feminine nouns, it is referred to by the subject pronoun
ei.
Victor şiIoanasuntaici. = Victor and Ioana are here. - Eisuntaici. = They are here.
3. If a person wishes to address someone in a formal tone, the speaker would use
the subject pronoun dumneavoastră. This pronoun is conjugated the same as voi.
Words in this Lesson:
aici – here
la – at, to
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Pronumele şi adjectivul demonstrativ
Demonstrative Pronoun and Adjective
Pronumele Demonstrativ
de Apropiere (here)
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculin
Neutru (sg)
Acesta (this) Aceştia (these)
Feminin
Neutru (pl)
Aceasta (this) Acestea (these)
Adjectivul demonstrativ + substantiv
Demonstrative Adjective + Noun
Adjectivul
Demonstrativ de
Apropiere (here)
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculin
Neutru (sg)
Acest (this) Aceşti (these)
Feminin
Neutru (pl)
Această (this) Aceste (these)
Adjectivul
Demonstrativ de
Depărtare (there)
SINGULAR PLURAL
Masculin
Neutru (sg)
Acel (that) Acei (those)
Feminin
Neutru (pl)
Acea (that) Acele (those)
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Lesson 3: Basic Verbs
Two of the most basic verbs in Romanian are a fi (to be) and aavea (to have).
Below is the present tense conjugation of these verbs.
a fi
Eu sunt I am Noi suntem we are
Tu eşti you are Voi sunteţi you are (pl.)
El, ea este he, she, it is Ei, ele sunt they are
a avea
Eu am I have Noi avem we have
Tu ai you have Voi aveţi you have (pl.)
El, ea are he, she, it has Ei, ele au they have
Example sentences:
Undesunteu? = Where am I?
Aveţi o carte? = Do you have a book? (you - plural)
Euşi Elenasuntemacasă. = Elenaand I are at home.
Undeestecartea? orUnde e cartea? = Where is the book?
NOTES:
1. As you may have noticed, the conjugation estecan be shortened to e, and is done so in
spoken Romanian.
2. The negation of a verb is done by preceding it with nu. This can be abbreviated as n- before
a word starting with a vowel.
i.e.Voinu aveţi (n-aveţi)multecaiete. = You don’t have many notebooks.
Other useful verbs:
a merge
merg I go, I am going mergem we go
mergi you go mergeţi you go
merge he, she, it goes merg they go
a vorbi
Vorbesc I speak, I am speaking vorbim we speak
Vorbeşti you speak vorbiţi you speak
Vorbeşte he, she speaks vorbesc they speak
20
a şti
ştiu I know ştim we know
Ştii you know ştiţi you know
ştie he, she, it knows ştiu they know
NOTES:
1. As you can see, the present tense is slightly different in Romanian. The conjugation vorbesc can mean “I
speak”, “I am speaking”. It is this way for all Romanian verbs, so as other verbs are listed later on, it is
understood that the “am” and “do” forms are also present, though only the first type will be listed. Basically, the
present tenses translate to English in the same way that French or Spanish does.
Words in this Lesson:
unde – where
cartea – the book
acasă – at home
multe – many (feminine)
uncaiet – a notebook
caiete – notebooks
VERBE / verbs
PREZENT (Present)
A mânca A avea A merge A citi A vorbi
Eu mănânc am merg citesc vorbesc
Tu mănânci ai mergi citeşti vorbeşti
El / Ea mănâncă are merge citeşte vorbeşte
Noi mâncăm avem mergem citim vorbim
Voi mâncați aveți mergeţi citiţi vorbiţi
Ei / Ele mănâncă au merg citesc vorbesc
a invita (invite)
a mânca (eat)
a pleca (leave)
a cânta (sing)
a avea (have)
a vedea (see)
a bea (drink)
a vrea (want)
A mânca A avea A merge A citi A vorbi
Eu mănânc am merg citesc vorbesc
Tu mănânci ai mergi citeşti vorbeşti
El / Ea mănâncă are merge citeşte vorbeşte
Noi mâncăm avem mergem citim vorbim
Voi mâncați aveți mergeţi citiţi vorbiţi
Ei / Ele mănâncă au merg citesc vorbesc
a vrea (want)
a face (do)
a merge (go)
a crede (believe)
a veni (come)
a întâlni (meet)
a citi (read)
a vorbi (speak)
a dormi (sleep)
a desena (draw)
a scrie (write)
a juca (play)
a întreba (ask)
a răspunde (answer)
21
Exercises 1h
Here you have some exercises with subject pronouns and basic verb conjugations from
Lesson 2 and lesson 3.
Translate the following:
1. El ştie
2. Eu nu merg
3. Ele sunt
4. Voiaveţi
5. Noi nu ştim
6. Eusunt
7. Noimergem
8. Voi nu aveţi
9. Tu eşti
10. Ei merg
11. They don’t go (masculine)
12. I am not
13. You are speaking (pl)
14. He doesn’t have
15. You are going
16. She is not
17. We have
18. We know
19. She has
20. They are not going (feminine)
21. El nu ştie unde mergeţi voi.
22. Tu ai o prietenă.
23. Ştii dacă el este acasă?
24. Eu merg la cinema.
25. Ele au multe caiete.
26. She has a notebook.
27. I don’t have the book.
28. They are speaking with him.
29. He is with Maria.
30. I know where we are.
Answers
1. He knows.
2. I don’t go.
3. They are.
4. You have.
5. We don’t know.
6. I am.
7. We are going.
8. You don’t have (pl).
9. You are.
10. They are going (masculine).
11. Ei nu merg.
12. Eu nu sunt.
13. Voi vorbiţi.
14. El nu are.
15. Tu mergi
16. Ea nu este.
17. Noi avem.
18. Noi ştim.
19. Ea are.
20. Ele nu merg.
21. He doesn’t know where you are going.
22. You have a friend. (feminine)
23. Do you know if he is at home?
24. I’m going to the cinema.
25. They have many notebooks.
26. Ea are un caiet.
27. Eu nu am cartea.
28. Ei / Ele vorbesc cu el.
29. El este cu Maria.
30. Eu ştiu unde suntem.
22
Lesson 4: Plurals 1h
Before we start into the plurals, let me first introduce the basic categories of Romanian
words. They are as follows:
Masculine singular Feminine singular Neuter singular
Masculine plural Feminine plural Neuter plural
You will see nouns and adjectives grouped into these categories. As you see more and
more words, you will pick up on certain patterns.
(Example pattern that you probably wouldn’t know yet: Neuter nouns are like the masculine
in the singular, but like feminine in the plural.)
MasculineThe plural for a masculine noun is made mostly by adding -ito the end of the word.
papagal parrot
papagali parrots
locuitor inhabitant
locuitori inhabitants
In some cases this will cause the final consonant to change.
copil child
copii children
băiat boy
băieţi boys
And words that end in a vowel have that vowel replaced by -i.
litru liter
litri liters
fiu son
fii sons
23
Femininenouns are a little more diverse in their forms.
Those ending in -ă form the plural by substituting an -e or an -i.
oră Hour
ore hours
casă house
case houses
Those ending in -e, replace it with an -i:
carte Book
cărţi books
Those ending in -ură, replace it with -uri:
prăjitură pastry
prăjituri pastries
Those ending in -ie, replace it with -ii:
staţie bus/underground stop
staţii bus/underground stops
Those ending in -ea, replace it with -ele:
cafea Coffee
afele cups of coffee
Neuter - nouns have two forms in the plural.
Those ending in -ou, form the plural by adding -uri:
birou desk
birouri desks
Those ending in -iu, replace with -ii:
Fotoliu Armchair
Fotolii Armchairs
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MASCULIN FEMININ NEUTRU
-
om(human),băiat(boy)
-months of the year:
august (August),mai
(May)
-măr(apple tree)
-numbers:
unu(one),doi (two)
-letters: a, b, c, d
-profesii
(professions): doctor
-monede(coins):dolar
(dollar)
-fată (girl), femeie (woman), mamă (mother)
-lucruri (things): carte (book), casă (house)
-fructe (fruits): pară (pear), caisă (apricot)
-anotimpuri (seasons): primăvară (spring)
-momentelezilei (moments of the day):
dimineaţă (morning)
-flori (flowers): lalea (tulip)
-sentimente (feelings): bucurie (joy), iubire
(love)
-continente (continents): Europa, Asia
-zilelesăptămânii (days of the week): luni
(Monday)
-limbi (languages): româna (Romanian),
letona (Latvian)
-lucruri(things):birou
(desk), caiet
(notebook),pahar(glass)
-simţuri (senses): auz
(hearing)
-sporturi (sports):
fotbal (football),
baschet (basketball)
-măr (apple)
minut (minute)
lac (lake)
-consoană -Ă, -(I)E - consoană
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Test: Words and Plurals 1h
Pluralize the following:
Answers
1. prieteni
2. băieţi
3. copii
4. litri
5. fii
6. cîini
7. papagali
8. maşini
9. case
10. mese
11. cărţi
12. prăjituri
13. staţii
14. cafele
15. stele
16. hoteluri
17. valuri
18. birouri
1. prieten friend
2. băiat boy
3. copil child
4. litru liter
5. fiu Son
6. cîine dog
7. papagal man
8. maşină Car
9. casă house
10. masă table
11. carte book
12. prăjitură pastry
13. staţie bus/underground stop
14. cafea cup of coffee
15. stea star
16. hotel hotel
17. val wave
18. birou desk
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Lesson 5: Articles and Adjectives 1h
In English, the indefinite articles (a, an, some) AND the definite article (the) precede
the noun to which they refer. However, in Romanian, the indefinite articles come BEFORE
the noun and definite articles come AFTER the noun, as a suffix.
That is, unless the planets are aligned or all road construction is finished, but we all
know how rare those are.
Indefinite Articles
un “a, an” for masculine and neuter singular nouns
o “a, an” for feminine singular nouns
nişte Some
Acestaeste un băiat. = This is a boy.
Ai unprietenînRomânia? = Do you have a friend in Romania?
El cumpără o carte bună. = He is buying a good book.
Cunosc o fatăîn Alba Iulia. = I know a girl in Alba Iulia.
Suntniştecopiidrăguţiînfaţaşcolii. = There are some nice children in front of the school.
Definite Articles
If the word ends in a consonant, add -ul:
om man (human being in general)
omul the man
oameni people
oamenii people (a specific group of people)
If ending in -ă, substitute -a:
fată girl
fata the girl
fete girls
fetele the girls
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If ending in -ea, add -ua:
cafea coffee
cafeaua the coffee
cafele cups of coffee
cafelele the cups of coffee
If ending in -ie, substitute -ia
călătorie voyage
călătoria the voyage
călătorii voyages
călătoriile the voyages
If ending in -u, add -l:
metrou metro
metroul the metro
metrouri metros
metrourile the metros
If a MASCULINE word ends in -e, add -le:
Cîine dog
cîinele the dog
cîini dogs
cîinii the dogs
Examples: frate(brother),munte(mountain), rege(king).
If a FEMININE word ends in -e, add -a:
minge Ball
mingea the ball
mingi Balls
mingile the balls
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Examples: mare (sea), floare(flower).
Examples:
Metroul este foartevechi. = The metro is very old.
Mingeaeste mare = The ball is big.
Floareaalbastrăestefrumoasă. = The blue flower is beautiful.
Călătoriilesuntfrumoase. = The voyages are beautiful.
Cafeauaestebună. = Coffee is good.
Fata estedrăguţă. = The girl is nice.
Fetelesuntdrăguţe. = The girls are nice.
Oameniisuntbuni. = People are good.
Călătoriilesuntscumpe. = Voyages are expensive.
Călătoriaesteieftină. = The voyage is cheap.
Câineleestedrăguţ. = The dog is nice.
Câiniisuntfrumoşi. = The dogs are beautiful.
Mingilesuntieftine. = The balls are cheap.
NOTES:
There are some instances where the definite article would not be used in English but MUST
be used in Romanian.
1. When speaking about something in a general sense:
Mâncarea românească este foarte delicioasă. = Romanian food is very delicious.
(Speaking about Romanian food in general)
Nu-mi place berea.= I don’t like beer. (Speaking of beer in general)
2. When showing possession:
Prietenulmeu vine mîinedimineaţă.= My friend is coming tomorrow morning.
Dani are ceasultău. = Danny has your watch.
Words in this Lesson:
om – man
prieten – friend
fată – girl
copii – children
înfaţa– in front
foarte – very
brânză – cheese
veche – old (for objects)
stea – star
albastră – blue
frumos, frumoasă– beautiful (m, f)
mâncare- food
bere – beer
mâine – tomorrow
dimineaţă– morning
ceas– watch
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Adjectives
LECŢIA 8
Masculin sg. Masculin pl.Feminin
sg.Feminin pl.
student bun
(good student)
studenţi buni
(good students)
studentă bună
(good student)
studente bune
(good students)
băiat drăguţ
(nice boy)
băieţi drăguţi
(nice boys)
fată drăguţă
(nice girl)
fete drăguţe
(nice girls)
ACORDUL ADJECTIVULUI CU SUBSTANTIVUL ÎN GEN ŞI NUMĂR
(Agreement of adjective with the noun in gender and number)
FORMELE ADJECTIVELOR
THE FORMS OF THE ADJECTIVES
Adj.
with one
form
Adj, with
two form
Adjectives with three
forms
Adj. with four forms
•Roz
(pink)
•Gri
(grey)
•Maro
(brown)
•mare
– mari
(big)
•verde
– verzi
(green)
•mic – mică – mici
(small)
•lung – lungă –
lungi (long)
• roşu – roşie –
roşii (red)
•alb – albă –albi – albe
(white)
•ieftin – ieftină – ieftini
– ieftine (cheap)
Exerciţiu. (Exercise). Scrieţi cele patru forme ale
adjectivelor: puţin, frumos, scump, albastru.
(Write the four forms of the adjectives.)
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Lesson 6: Subjunctive 1h
In other languages if one wanted to say “I want to go” or “He needs to buy”, the
infinitive form of the second verb would be used (i.e. “to go” or “to buy”). To say these phrases
in Romanian the speaker must use a form called the subjunctive.
Speakers caught not using the subjunctive are usually dragged into the street and beaten
with clubs (ciomege).
Examples of the subjunctive:
Trebuiesămergem la Bucureşti. = We have to go to Bucharest.
Nu pot săvorbes cungureşte. = I cannot speak Hungarian.
As you can see, the subjunctive is “să+ present tense”. Just as with the normal present tense,
the subjunctive is conjugated so personal pronouns are unnecessary.
Trebuiesămerg I have to go
Trebuiesămergi You have to go
Trebuiesămeargă He/She has to go
Trebuiesămergem We have to go
Trebuiesămergeţi You (pl) have to go
Trebuiesămeargă They have to go
(“Trebuie” is like the French “ilfaut”, meaning “it is necessary”).
You may notice that the 3rd person form (meargă) is a bit different than the normal 3rd person
present tense (merge). This change in the 3rd person form will be common when forming the
subjunctive, but everything else stays the same.
The rules for this change in the 3rd person are fairly simple. Here are the rules and some
examples using merge, întreba, and vorbi; meaning to go, to ask, and to speak, respectively.
Change Condition Example
e ->ea middle of word merge ->meargă
e -> ă end of word merge ->meargă
ă -> e end of word întreabă ->întrebe
ea -> e middle of word întreabă ->întrebe
eşte ->ească end of word vorbeşte ->vorbească
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Constructions using the subjunctive are usually started with “putea”, “vrea”, and “trebui”.
Here are some example sentences containing the subjunctive.
Pot săscriufoarte bine. = I can write very well.
Nu poţisăciteştiprea bine. = You cannot read too well.
Trebuiesăvorbim cu el. = We need to speak with him.
Trebuiesăvorbeascăcunoi. = He/She must speak with us.
Nu trebuiesăplecămmîine. = We don’t need to leave tomorrow.
El trebuiesăpleceînsearaasta. = He needs to leave tonight.*
Eatrebuiesăplecemîineseară. = She needs to leave tomorrow night.*
* The personal pronoun is used here to avoid ambiguity, as “săplece” can imply “he”, “she”
or “they”.
Vreausămerg la Alba Iulia. = I want to go to Alba Iulia.
Vreausămergi la Alba Iulia. = I want you to go to Alba Iulia.
Vremsămergeţi la Alba Iulia. = We want you all to go to Alba Iulia.
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Lesson 7: Future 1h
The future tense in Romanian can be constructed in three different ways, or avoided
like the plague/potholes/Al Gore for those of us with lesser linguistic abilities. If you would
still like to use it, the constructions are:
1. present tense + time expression
2. “o” + subjunctive
3. conjugation of “voi” + verb infinitive
Confused? Don’t worry, we don’t expect you to understand yet! Just keep reading....
1. Present Tense + Time Expression
Here is an example of what we’re talking about.
Mergem la muzeumîinedimineaţă.
We’re going to the museum tomorrow morning.
Prietenulmeuvinedinmunţipoimîine.
My friend is coming from the mountains the day after tomorrow.
You can see that the verbs (in bold face) are conjugated in the present tense, but the time
expressions that follow imply the future tense. Here are some more time expressions that can
be used:
mîine tomorrow
poimîine day after tomorrow
răspoimîine 3 days after today
mîinedimineaţă tomorrow morning
acumaseara tonight
săptămânaviitoare next week
lunaviitoare next month
anulviitor next year
mîineseară tomorrow evening
searaasta tonight, this evening
2. “O” + Subjunctive
Another way to form the future is by combining “o” and the subjunctive. For example:
O săbemapăminerală la casa lui Victor. = We will drink mineral water at Victor’s house.
O săvezituînsuţicînd vine. = You will see for yourself when he comes.
Nu ştimdacă o săvinăşi ea. = We don’t know if she’s coming too.
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3. Conjugation of “Voi” plus verb infinitive
The third way to form the future is by using “voi”, a form of the verb meaning “to want”
(much like the english “I will do this”).
Below you will find the conjugation of “voi” needed for the future tense:
eu voi
tu vei
el, ea va
noi vom
voi veţi
ei vor
The verb infinitive for “to see” is “a vedea”. The “a” before the word is like the “to”
in English verb infinitves (“to see”). The “a” may be ignored, all we need is voi+ vedea. See
the examples below.
Voivedeafilmulpoimîine.= I will see the movie the day after tomorrow.
Andrei vavizita Alba Iulia săptămânaviitoare. = Andrew will visit Alba iulia next week.
Vavenişi Maria. = Maria will come too.
Victor şiIoanavor fi la bisericăastăzi.Victor and Ioana will be at the church today.
Words in this Lesson
biserică – church lună– moon
film– film apăminerală– mineral water
munţi – mountains prietenă– friend (feminine)
VIITOR (FUTURE)
A mânca A merge A citi
Eu VOI mânca merge citi
Tu VEI mânca merge citi
El / Ea VA mânca merge citi
Noi VOM mânca merge citi
Voi VEŢI mânca merge citi
Ei / Ele VOR mânca merge citi
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Lesson 8: Past Tense 2h
There are about four different ways of forming the past tense in Romanian. In this lesson
we will cover two kinds of past tenses called the “compound past” and the “simple past”. We
will also review some time expressions often used in conjunction with the past.
We usually use the compound past to describe an action that happened only once:
I ate dinner at Raul’s house last night. We went to a movie.
The compound past is formed by a conjugated form of “to have” plus the past participle
of the verb. The shortened form of “to have” as used for past tenses follows:
eu am I’ve
tu ai you’ve
el / ea a he’s / she’s
noi am we’ve
voi aţi you’ve
ei / ele au they’ve
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The past participle is formed from the infinitive of the verb following a few fairly
simple rules. It might be easier at first to simply memorize the past participles of the more
commonly used verbs (note: past participles can also be used as adjectives!).
For starters, let’s look at the past tense of a face meaning “to do” or “to make”:
The past participle of face is făcut. You would use this in conjunction with the shortened form
of a avea to form the past. Confused? Just look at the examples!
am făcut = I made am făcut = we made
ai făcut = you made aţi făcut = you made
a făcut = he/she made au făcut = they made
You may notice the past tense for eu and noi is exactly the same: am făcut. You can use the
personal pronouns to stress who is the doer of the action.
Eu am făcut. = I did.
Noi am făcut. = We did.
Here are some examples of basic verbs and their past participles:
Infinitive Past Participle Definition
a face făcut make / do
a vorbi vorbit speak
a merge mers go
a da dat give
a mînca mîncat eat
a primi primit receive
a bea băut drink
a veni venit come
a spune spus say
a avea avut have
a fi fost be
36
Here are some simple rules to follow to divine the past participle. There are a number
of exceptions to the rules however, so a list of common irregular verbs will follow.
Rules for Past Participles
• add a -t to verbs ending in -i or -a
• subtract last two letters of verbs ending in -e, then add an -s
Examples:
a alege = to choose
alege -> ales
a zice = to say
zice -> zis
a alerga = to run
alergat -> alergat
a şopti = to whisper
şoptit -> şoptit
To negate a past tense you add a nu in front of the avea helping verb. This often gets
shortened to n-.
Nu am băut -> N-am băut = I did not drink
Nu ai venit -> N-ai venit = You did not come
Romanian language also has double negatives. That means that in Romanian we also use the
verb with the negation ‘nu’ and a negative word like the following:
nimeni = nobody
nicăieri = nowhere
niciodată = never
nimic = nothing
Example sentences:
Aţi venit ieri? = Did you come yesterday?
Copiii au mâncat toate merele. = The children ate all the apples.
Noi nu am văzut nimic! = We didn’t see anything!
Ea niciodată n-a auzit nimic. = She never heard anything.
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Ieri am primit o scrisoare de la el. = I got a letter from him yesterday
Duminica trecută au mers la o biserică de lemn. = Last Sundaz they went to a wooden church.
Am vorbit toata ziua. = We talked the whole day.
N-au spus nimic despre voi. = They didn't say anything about you.
Nu a găsit cheile nicăieri. = He (She) didn’t find the keys anywhere.
The simple past is used to denote an action that happened more than once or over a
period of time. Examples in English would be “We were writing each other everyday” or “I
went to the library on Sundays”. It is constructed by adding a suffix* to the end of the verb
infinitive. The suffixes used are as follows:
Person Suffix
eu -am
tu -ai
el / ea -a
noi -am
voi -aţi
ei / ele -au
*If the infinitive ends in an - i, change the - i to an - e when adding the suffixes.
Example using a vorbi (to speak): Ea vorbea cu noi. = She was speaking with us.
These suffixes look familiar? They should! They are the same as the forms of “to have” used
in the compound past. Below you will see examples of some verbs with this suffix added:
merge = go
singular Plural
eu mergeam noi mergeam
tu mergeai voi mergeaţi
el mergea ei mergeau
38
avea = have
singular plural
eu aveam noi aveam
tu aveai voi aveaţi
el avea ei aveau
fi (irregular) = be
singular plural
eu eram noi eram
tu erai voi eraţi
el era ei erau
1. He didn’t say anything.
2. We made a cake.
3. They ate sweets last week. (girls)
4. She had two dogs last year.
10. I received many letters.
1. (Eu) am mers la şcoală ieri.
2. (El) a fugit după câine.
3. (Noi) am venit acum două zile.
4. (Ei) au băut ceai dimineaţa.
5. (Ea) a mâncat o prăjitură săptămâna trecută.
6. (El) nu a spus nimic.
7. (Noi) am făcut o prăjitură.
8. (Ele) au mâncat dulciuri săptămâna trecută.
9. (Ea) a avut doi cîini anul trecut.
10.(Eu) am primit multe scrisori.
You may note the personal pronouns are in parenthesis. Everything in parenthesis is
optional. You can leave it out if you want, but you may need it to specify gender or number, or
to otherwise stress to the doer of the action.
For example: Eu am băut cafeaua. = I drank the coffee (and not somebody else).
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Lesson 9: Reflexive Verbs 1h
As probably all European languages, Romanian has reflexive verbs. In this lesson, you
will learn how reflexive verbs are constructed in Romanian and we’ll start you off with some
of the most important ones you’ll need to know.
Following is a list of the forms for the personal pronouns as used in reflexive verbs.
Pronoun Reflexive
eu mă
tu te
el se
ea se
noi ne
voi vă
ei se
ele se
The following are 5 of the most commonly used reflexive verbs:
a se uita (la) to look (at), to watch
mă uit ne uităm
te uiţi vă uitaţi
se uită se uit
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a se spăla to wash oneself
mă spăl ne spălăm
te speli vă spălaţi
se spală se spală
a se trezi to get up / wake up
mă trezesc ne trezim
te trezeşti vă treziţi
se trezeşte se trezesc
a se întoarce to go back / return
mă întorc ne întoarcem
te întorci vă întoarceţi
se întoarce se întorc
41
a se duce to go (somewhere)
mă duc ne ducem
te duci vă duceţi
se duce se duc
Mă spăl pe dinţi. = I’m brushing my teeth.
El se duce la piscină. = He’s going to the pool.
Ne trezim la opt dimineaţă. = We’re getting up at eight in the morning.
Ea se întoarce în România. = She’s returning to Hungary.
La ce vă uitaţi? = What are you looking at?
Mă duc la biserică. = I’m going to church.
Te speli pe faţă? = Are you washing zour face?
Se duc la şcoală să se uită la noua clădire. = They’re going to the school to see the new
building.
Vă întoarceţi răspoimâine? = Are you coming back three days from now?
O să te uiţi la televizor? = Are you going to watch television?
Te vei duce la spectacol deseară? = Are you going to the show tonight?
O să se trezească după mine. = He will get up after me.
Trebuie să se ducă şi Daniel. = Daniel has to go too.
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Lesson 10: Possessive 3h
There are three ways to denote possession in Romanian. One of them is achieved by
means of the possessive adjectives. The other one involves a construction with ‘al’ (showing
that something belongs to somebody / something) and the last one is linked to the cases Dative
and Genitive.
1. Possessive Adjectives
The easiest and perhaps the most familiar form of possession corresponds to my, your, his, etc.
English Masculine
Singular
Masculine
Plural
Feminine
Singular Feminine Plural
my meu mei mea mele
your (sg) tău tăi ta tale
his/her său săi sa sale
his lui lui lui lui
her ei ei ei ei
our nostru noştri noastră noastre
your (pl) vostru voştri voastră voastre
your
(formal) dumneavoastră dumneavoastră dumneavoastră dumneavoastră
Remember that words of neutral gender behave like masculine nouns in the singular and
like feminine nouns in the plural. Note also that the thing that is owned MUST be in the definite
form:
The nominative of dog is câine. The definite for masculine nouns ending in e is -le thus
the dog would be câinele. The word is masculine so you use the masculine singular from the
chart above: meu. The possessive adjective follows the noun: my dog = câinele meu.
43
For the definite form of maşină (car) you would change the ă into an a: the car =
maşina. Then just add the corresponding possessive adjective from the chart above: maşina
mea (my car). The neuter word Hotel would take the masculine possessive adjective in the
singular: Hotelul meu (my hotel) and the feminine plural in the plural: Hotelurile mele. This
is of course much simpler for his, her, or their because lui, ei and lor do not change for plural
or gender.
Example Sentences:
Ceasul meu e stricat. = My watch is broken.
Unde e maşina ta? = Where is your car?
Aceştia nu sunt pantalonii mei. = These are not my pants.
Dă-mi banii tăi, cheile tale, şi portofelul tău! = Give me your money, keys and wallet!
Casa noastră e mai mare decât casa voastră. = Our house is bigger than your house.
2. The AL Construction
If you want to say mine, yours, or his you must use the AL construction:
Male Female Neutral
singular al a al
ai ale ale
GRAMMAR NOTE: Notice that words of neutral gender in the singular behave like
masculine words, but they behave like feminine words when in the plural. You will see this
pattern often.
If the object owned is masculine and singular, for example, you would use al instead
of the object, followed by the corresponding meu form.
For example: prietenul meu (my friend) becomes al meu (mine)
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Prietenul meu nu este încă aici. Nici al meu. Nici al meu, nici al tău nu este aici.
My friend isn’t here yet. – Mine isn’t either. – Neither mine nor yours is here.
(nici means nor and is repeated before each noun)
HINT: try to think of al meu as just being the English word mine although it is two words. a
friend of mine.
In order to say a friend of mine in Romanian we use de for of:
FEMININE:
a friend of mine.
o prietenă de a mea
MASCULINE:
a friend of mine.
un prieten de al meu
Examples:
Nişte prieteni de ai mei. = Some friends (masculine or mixed) of mine.
Nişte prietene de ale mele. = Some friends (feminine) of mine.
Nişte scrisori de ale lor. = Some letters of theirs.
3. Dative/ Genitive Case
The third method of expressing ownership is to use the Dative/ Genetive case. This case, like
the definite article, is a suffix.
Gender Singular Plural
masculine - ui -lor
feminine - ei* -lor
*Often this ending is -ii. We’ll cover the important words that take this special ending.
The masculine dative/genitive suffix is added to the singular definite form of any
masculine or neuter word in the singular, and the feminine suffix is added to the plural
indefinite of feminine words.
45
The following chart shows three typical feminine words in the singular
Dative/Genitive:
Nominative/Accusative Plural Dative/Genitive
fată fete fetei
declaraţie declaraţii declaraţiei
casă case casei
The following chart shows three masculine words and one neuter word in the singular
Dative/Genitive:
Nominative/Accusative Definite Dative/Genitive
bărtbat bărbatul bărbatului
cîine cîinele cîinelui
om omul Omului
hotel* hotelul hotelului
* Hotel is neuter but remember that neuter words act masculine in the singular.
For any word in the plural regardless of gender you add -lor to the plural indefinite form.
Singular Plural Dative/Genitive
băiat băieţi băieţilor
om oameni oamenilor
familie familii familiilor
fată fete fetelor
hotel hoteluri hotelurilor
And now to cover those -ii words. Unfortunately there is no solid rule, you’ll just have to
learn which words take it. One great help is that ALL words ending in -tate change to -tăţii,
and words ending in -are change to -ării.
Examples:
stare -> stării (state of being)
facultate -> facultăţii (university)
omenire -> omenirii (humanity)
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Other important words that take the -ii suffix:
maşină -> maşinii (car)
biserică -> bisericii (church)
limbă -> limbii (tongue, language)
ţară -> ţării
IMPORTANT GRAMMAR NOTE: Adjectives can also take the dative/genitive endings!
Don’t forget that objects owned must be definite!
Examples:
Maşina bunului meu prieten. = The car of my good friend.
Prinţul păcii. = The prince of peace.
Cauciucul maşinii albastre*. = The blue car’s tire.
Casa tatălui meu. = My father’s house.
Toate cuvintele limbii Române*. = All the words of the Romanian language.
A fost rucsacul soţului meu. = That was my husband’s backpack.
*REMEMBER that to get the Dative/Genitive form of feminine words you must build off of
the plural form, even when the word is in the singular. Keeping that in mind, adjectives
following singular feminine nouns take plural endings:
Fata frumoasă = The beautiful girl
Fete frumoase = Beautiful girls
Fetei frumoase = of/to the beautiful girl
Fetelor frumoase = of/to the beautiful girls
One last note: When using the Dative/Genetive form of
people’s names you use the word lui (i.e. not the suffix) for
men’s names and the regular suffix for feminine names:
Casa lui Florin. = Florin’s house.
Fiul lui Emil. = Emil’s son.
Casa Elenei. = Helen’s house.
Fiul Mariei. = Maria’s son.
47
Conversational Basics 1h
Basic Travel: Romanian
This page was made with the intention of giving the traveler or the trip taker all the
essentials.
Greetings
English Romanian Pronunciation
Good afternoon! Bună Ziua BOO-nuh ZEE-wah
Good morning! Bună dimineaţa BOO-nuh dee-mee-NYAH-tsah
Good evening! Bună seara BOO-nuh SYAH-rah
Good night!
(only said when going to bed)
Noapte bună NWAHP-teh BOO-nuh
Hi! Hello! Servus, Ceau SEHR-voos, chow
NOTE: Servus and ceau are informal and they mean
both hello and good-bye.
48
Conversational Basics
English Romanian Pronunciation
How are you? (informal) Ce mai faci? cheh my fahch?
How are you? (formal) Ce mai faceţi? cheh my fah-chets?
Fine. Bine. BEE-neh
Thank you Mulţumesc mool-tsoo-mesk
You’re welcome Cu plăcere coo pluh-cheh-reh
Yes Da Dah
No Nu Noo
Nice to meet you Îmi pare bine um PAH-reh BEE-neh
I’m sorry Îmi pare rău um PAH-reh row
I am... Sunt... sunt
...happy ...fericit (man)
...fericită
(woman)
feh-ree-cheet
feh-ree-cheet-uh
...sick ...bolnav (man)
...bolnavă
(woman)
bohl-nahv
bohl-nahv-uh
...angry ...supărat (man)
...supărată
(woman)
SOO-puh-RAHT
SOO-puh-RAHT-uh
...tired ...obosit (man)
...obosită
(woman)
oh-boh-seet
oh-boh-seet-uh
I am lost. M-am rătăcit. mahm ruh-tuh-cheet
Where is the... Unde este... OOHN-deh YES-teh
...the train station? ...gara? gah-rah
...the bathroom? ...toaleta? twah-LET-ah
...the hotel? ...hotelul? hoh-TEL-ool
I have lost my... Mi-am pierdut... mee-ahm pyehr-DOOT
...glasses. ...ochelarii. OH-keh-LAHR-ee
...wallet. ...portofelul. POR-toh-FEL-ool
49
Talking on the Phone
English Romanian Pronunciation
Hello Bună ziua BOO-nuh ZEE-wah
This is Mr. Ionescu. Domnul Ionescu la telefon. DOHM-nul Ionescu lah teh-leh-
fohn
This is Ms. Ionescu. Doamna Ionescu la telefon. DWAHM-nah Ionescu lah teh-
leh-fohn
I would like to talk with
Mr. Popescu.
Aş vrea să vorbesc cu
Domnul Popescu.
ahsh vra suh vor-besk coo
DOHM-nul Pop-ES-coo
Care este numele tău? - WHAT IS YOUR NAME?
Numele meu este … MY NAME IS...
Cine eşti tu? – who are you?
Eu sunt… - I AM
Cine este el? – who is he?
El este …- HE IS
Cine este ea? – who is she?
Ea este … - SHE IS
50
PART II: CONVERSATION in Romanian (13 hrs)
Lesson 1 – Problems – PROBLEME 1h
1.Leave me alone.
Lasă-mă în pace!
2. I'll call the police.
Sun poliţia.
3.Police!
Poliţia!
4.Stop!
Stai!
5.I need your help. (formal)
Am nevoie de ajutorul dumneavoastră.
6.I need your help. (informal)
Am nevoie de ajutor tău.
7.It's an emergency.
E o urgenţă.
8.I'm lost.
M-am rătăcit.
9.I lost my case.
Mi-am pierdut valiza.
10.I lost my wallet.
Mi-am pierdut portofelul.
11.I'm sick.
Mi-e rău!
12.I’m injured!
Sunt accidentat!
13.I need a doctor.
Am nevoie de un doctor.
14. Can I use your phone?
(formal)
Pot folosi telefonul
dumneavoastră?
15. Can I use your phone?
(informal)
Pot folosi telefonul tău?
16. I have a headache.
Mă doare capul.
1.Where can I find a pharmacy?
Unde pot găsi o farmacie?
2.I would need an umbrella. Where can I
buy it from?
Aş avea nevoie de o umbrelă. De unde
pot cumpăra una?
3. I don’t know this town
at all.
Nu cunosc acest oraş
deloc.
4.I’m afraid I have lost
my way.
Mă tem că m-am rătăcit.
5.I have no idea. I am a
stranger here
myself.
Habar n-am. Nici eu nu
sunt de aici.
51
1. I was there two years ago.
Am fost acolo acum doi ani.
2. How long will it take?
Cât timp va dura?
3.I’ll be back in time.
Mă întorc la timp.
4.It’s a matter of time.
Este o chestiune de timp.
5.It’s just a waste of time.
Este o pierdere de timp.
6. I had to leave early. – A trebuit sa plec devreme.
7. He came too late. – El a venit prea târziu.
8. It’s lunch time. – Este ora prânzului.
9. It’s time for a break. – Este timpul să facem o
pauză.
10. I’ll see you in five minutes.
Ne vedem peste cinci minute.
11. I met him the day before yesterday.
L-am întâlnit alaltăieri.
52
Lesson 2 – Numbers- NUMERE 1h
1. one - unu
2. two - doi
3. three - trei
4. four - patru
5. five - cinci
6. six - şase
7. seven - şapte
8. eight - opt
9. nine - nouă
10.ten - zece
11. eleven - unsprezece
12. twelve - doisprezece
13. thirteen - treisprezece
14. fourteen - paisprezece
15. fifteen - cincisprezece
16. sixteen - şaisprezece
17. seventeen - şaptisprezece
18. eighteen - optsprezece
19. nineteen - nouăsprezece
20. twenty - douăzeci
30. thirty - treizeci
40.forty - patruzeci
50. fifty - cincizeci
60. sixty - şaizeci
70. seventy - şaptezeci
80. eighty - optzeci
90. ninety - nouăzeci
100. one hundred - o sută
1000 – one thousand - o mie
1,000,000 – one million – un milion
1,000,000,000 – one billion – un miliard
Extra words
1. number _____ (train, bus, etc.) - numărul _____ 2. half - jumătate
3. less - mai puţin 4. more - mai mult
1. How old are you? – Ce vârstă aveţi?
2. I’m fifty. – Am 50 de ani.
3. I was forty-two last June. – Am împlinit patruzeci şi doi de ani în iunie.
4. I’m getting old. – Am început să îmbătrânesc.
5. How many children do you have? – Câţi copii aveţi?
6. I have three children. – Am trei copii.
7. How old is your son? – Câţi ani are fiul tău / dumneavoastră?
8. He is twenty years old. – El are douăzeci de ani.
53
Lesson 3 – Time – TIMP 1h
1. now - acum
2. later - mai târziu
3. before - înainte de
4. morning - mâine
5. afternoon - după
amiază
6. evening – seară
7. night - noapte
8. morning - dimineaţă
Writing Time & Date – Scrierea orei şi a datei
-16 aug 2009 7:30 (or 16 august 2009 7:30).
The date may also be written 16/08/09 or 16-08-09.
-1 Febr 2011 21:00 (or 1 februarie 2011 21:00).
The date may also be written 01/08/04 or 01-08-04.
Note: The first day of the month is called ‘întâi’ not one. For
example the first of August is întâi August.
Days – ZILE
1. today - astăzi 2. yesterday -
ieri
3.tomorrow - mâine
4. this week - săptămâna asta
5. last week - săptămâna trecută
6. next week - săptămâna viitoare
Days of the week – zilele săptămânii
Sunday - duminică
Monday - luni
Tuesday - marţi
Wednesday - miercuri
Thursday - joi
Friday - vineri
Saturday - sâmbătă
Months – LUNI ALE ANULUI
January - ianuarie
February - februarie
March - martie
April - aprilie
May - mai
June - iunie
July - iulie
August - august
September - septembrie
October - octombrie
November - noiembrie
December - decembrie
54
Clock- CEASUL / ORA
1. Although 12-hour clocks are common
in Romania, time is almost always stated
according to the 24-hour clock.
- one o'clock AM - ora unu
- one o'clock PM - ora treisprezece
- two o'clock AM - ora două
- two o'clock PM – ora paisprezece
- noon - prânz - at noon - la
prânz
- before noon – înainte de masă
-at dawn – în zori
-at midnight - la miezul nopţii
-during the day / night - în timpul
zilei/nopţii
Note: Normally, to say "at" a time, one
precedes the time of day with "la"; -
often, we use "la unu după amiaza"
instead of
“la ora treisprezece” (one o'clock PM)
Duration - DURATA
- one minute -un minut
_____ minutes - _____ minute
- one hour - o oră
_____ hours - _____ ore
- one day - o zi // ___ days - ____ zile
- one week - o săptămână
_____ weeks - _____ saptamâni
- one month - o lună
_____ months - _____ luni
- one year - un an // __ years - ___ ani
SEASONS – Anotimpuri
spring – primăvara summer – vara
autumn – toamna winter – iarna
1. I was there two years ago.
Am fost acolo acum doi
ani.
2. How long will it take?
Cât timp va dura?
3.I’ll be back in time.
Mă întorc la timp.
4.It’s a matter of time.
Este o chestiune de timp.
5.It’s just a waste of time.
Este o pierdere de timp.
6. I had to leave early. – A trebuit sa plec devreme.
7. He came too late. – El a venit prea târziu.
8. It’s lunch time. – Este ora prânzului.
9. It’s time for a break. – Este timpul să facem o pauză.
10. I’ll see you in five minutes.
Ne vedem peste cinci minute.
11. I met him the day before yesterday.
L-am întâlnit alaltăieri.
55
Lesson 4 – Colours – CULORI 1h
1. black - negru
2. white - alb
3. grey - gri
4. red - rosu
5. blue - albastru
6. yellow - galben
7. green - verde
8. orange - portocaliu
9. purple - mov
10. brown - maro
Extra Work!
1.This is a black dress.
Aceasta este o rochie neagră.
2.This is a white blouse.
Aceasta este o bluză albă.
3.These are grey trousers.
Aceştia sunt pantaloni gri.
4.These are red skirts,
Acestea sunt fuste roşii.
1.That is a blue scarf.
Aceea este o eşarfă albastră.
2.That is a yellow t-shirt.
Acela este un tricou galben.
3.Those are green shoes.
Aceia sunt pantofi verzi.
4.Those are purple boots.
Acelea sunt cizme mov.
1.What’s your favourite colour?
Care este culoarea ta preferată?
2.My favourite colour is ….
Culoarea mea preferată este….
1.What colours do you like?
Ce culori îţi plac?
2.I like……
Îmi place…….
CITIŢI URMĂTOARELE PROPOZIŢII.
1. Aceasta este o rochie neagră.
2. Aceasta este o bluză albă.
3. Aceştia sunt pantaloni gri.
4. Acestea sunt fuste roşii.
5. Aceea este o eşarfă albastră.
6. Acela este un tricou galben.
7. Aceia sunt pantofi verzi.
8. Acelea sunt cizme mov.
56
Lesson 5 – Means of transport - MIJLOACE DE TRANSPORT 1h
1. How much does a ticket to __cost?
Cât costa un bilet până la _____?
2. One ticket to _____, please.
Un bilet până la _____, vă rog.
3. Where does this train/bus go?
Unde merge trenul /autobuzul
acesta?
4. Where is the train/bus to _____?
Unde este trenul/autobuzul pentru
_____?
5. Does this train/bus stop in _____?
Trenul/autobuzul acesta opreşte la
__?
6.When does the train/bus for __ leave?
Când pleaca trenul/ autobuzul spre
__ ?
7. When will this train/bus arrive in
_____?
Când ajunge trenul/ autobuzul acesta
la ____?
Taxi - Taxi!
1.Take me to _____, please.
Duceţi-mă la _____, vă rog.
2.How much does it cost to get to
_____?
Cât costă pentru a ajunge la _____?
3.Take me there, please.
Conduceţi-mă la __, vă rog.
Directions - INDICAŢII
1. How do I get to _____ ? - Cum ajung la _____ ?
...the train station? - ... gară?
...the bus station? - ...staţia de autobuz?
...the airport? - ...aeroport?
...downtown? - centrul oraşului...?
...the youth hostel? – căminul de tineret?
...the _____ hotel? - ...hotelul _____ ?
...the American/British consulate?
- ...consulatul american/britanic?
2. Where are there a lot of ___ - Unde sunt multe ___
...hotels? - ...hoteluri?
...restaurants? - restaurante?
...bars? - ...baruri?
...sites to see? - situri turistice?
3. Can you show me the street on the map? (polite)
Puteti să-mi arătaţi strada pe hartă?
5. Turn left. (formal/polite) - Întoarceţi la stânga.
6. Turn right - (formal/polite)- Întoarceţi la dreapta.
7. left - stânga
8. right - dreapta
9. straight ahead - drept înainte
10. towards the _____- spre _____
11. past the _____ - după _____
12. before the _____ - înainte de_____
13. intersection - intersecţie
14. north – nord east – est
south – sud west - vest
57
Lesson 6 – Lodging – CAZARE 1h
1.Do you have any rooms available?
Aveţi camere libere?
2.How much is a room for one person / two
people?
Cât costă o cameră pentru o persoană /
pentru două persoane?
3. Does the room come with...
Camera vine cu...
...bedsheets? - ...aşternuturi?
...another blanket? - ...înca o patură?
...a bathroom? - ...baie?
...a telephone? - ...telefon?
...a TV? - ...televiziune?
4. May I see the room first?
Pot să văd camera întâi?
5. Do you have anything quieter?
Aveţi ceva mai liniştit?
...bigger? - ...mai mare?
...cleaner? - ...mai curat?
...cheaper? - ...mai ieftin?
6. OK, I'll take the room.
Bine. Vreau camera.
7. I will stay for one night.
Eu rămân pentru o noapte.
8. I will stay for _____ nights.
Eu rămân ____ nopţi.
9. Can you suggest another hotel?
Puteţi recomanda un alt hotel?
10. Do you have a safe?
Aveţi seif?
...a coat stand? - ...cuier?
11. Is breakfast/supper included?
Preţul include micul dejun / cina?
12. What time is breakfast/supper?
La ce oră este micul dejun / cina?
13. Please clean my room.
Vă rog să curăţaţi camera mea.
14. Can you wake me at _____?
Puteţi să mă treziţi la _____?
15. I want to check out.
Aş vrea să achit nota şi să plec de la hotel.
1. Have you got a flat of your own?
Aveţi un apartament proprietate personală?
2. How much do you pay for the rent?
Cât plătiţi pentru chirie?
3. I have moved in a new flat.
M-am mutat într-un apartament nou.
4.On which floor do you live?
La ce etaj locuiţi? (formal)
La ce etaj locuieşti? (informal)
58
Lesson 7 – Money – BANI 1h
1. Do you accept dollars / euros?
Acceptati dolari / euro?
2. Do you accept British pounds?
Acceptaţi lire sterline?
3. Do you accept credit cards?
Acceptati cărţi de credit?
4. Can you exchange money for me?
Puteţi să schimbaţi bani / valută pentru
mine?
5.Where can I get money changed?
Unde pot schimba bani / valută?
6. Can you change my bus ticket?
Puteţi să-mi schimbaţi biletul de autobuz?
7. Where can I change my ticket?
Unde pot să-mi schimb biletul?
8. What is the exchange rate?
Cât este rata de schimb?
9. Where is an automatic teller machine (ATM)?
Unde este un bancomat?
1. What can you buy with 10 lei?
Ce poţi cumpăra cu 10 lei?
2. How much does this blouse cost?
Cât costă această bluză?
3. How much money do you need?
De câţi bani ai nevoie?
4. What can you give me for 10 lei?
Ce îmi puteţi da de 10 lei?
5. How much is it?
Cât costă?
6. Is this the price of the item?
Acesta este preţul produsului?
7. Can you count …..?
Poţi să numeri ....
8. What will you do with the money?
Ce vei face cu banii?
9. Here is your change.
Poftiţi restul.
10. Where is the information office?
Unde este biroul de informaţii?
11. Need I pay in cash?
Trebuie să plătesc în numerar?
12. Can you change this banknote?
Puteţi să-mi schimbaţi această bancnotă?
59
1. What can you buy with 10 lei?
Ce poţi cumpăra cu 10 lei?
2. How much does this blouse cost?
Cât costă această bluză?
3. How much money do you need?
De câţi bani ai nevoie?
4. What can you give me for 10 lei?
Ce îmi puteţi da de 10 lei?
5. How much is it?
Cât costă?
6. Is this the price of the item?
Acesta este preţul produsului?
7. Can you count …..?
Poţi să numeri ....
8. What will you do with the money?
Ce vei face cu banii?
9. Here is your change.
Poftiţi restul.
10. Where is the information office?
Unde este biroul de informaţii?
11. Need I pay in cash?
Trebuie să plătesc în numerar?
12. Can you change this banknote?
Puteţi să-mi schimbaţi această bancnotă?
60
Lesson 8 – Food. Places to eat – Mâncăruri. Localuri 2h
Meals of the day - Mesele zilei
Breakfast - micul dejun Lunch - prânz Dinner - cină
1. A table for one person / two people, please.
O masă pentru o persoană / pentru două persoane, vă rog.
2. Can I look at the menu, please? - Pot să văd meniul, vă rog?
3. Can I look in the kitchen?- Pot să mă uit în bucătărie?
4. Is there a house specialty? - Aveţi o specialitate a casei?
5. Is there a local specialty? - Aveti o specialitate locală?
6. I'm a vegetarian. - Sunt vegetarian.
7. I don't eat pork / beef. - Nu mănânc carne de porc / carne de vită.
8. I only eat healthy food. - Mănânc numai mâncare sănătoasă.
9. I want a cup of lemon tea. - Vreau un ceai cu lămâie.
12. I would like a hot chocolate. - Aş vrea o ciocolată caldă.
13. I want a dish containing _____. - Vreau o mâncare care conţine _____.
14. Can you bring me a fork / spoon / knife, please?
Puteţi să-mi aduceţi o furculiţă / o lingură / un cuţit, vă rog?
Extra words!
Chicken - pui duck – raţă fish - peşte
Ham – şuncă sausages - cârnaţi cheese – brânză
eggs – ouă salad - salată yoghurt - iaurt
mushrooms – ciuperci tomatoes – roşii bread – pâine
toast - pâine prajită noodles – tăiţei rice – orez
beans - fasole milk – lapte cake – prăjitură. tort
butter – unt pancakes – clătite apple pie – plăcintă cu mere
(fresh) vegetables - legume (proaspete) (fresh) fruit - fructe (proaspete)
61
1. May I have a glass of juice? (polite) - Aţi putea să îmi aduceţi un pahar de suc?
2. I would like a cup of coffee with milk / without milk, please.
Aş dori o cafea cu lapte / fără lapte, vă rog.
3. May I have a cup of tea? - Aţi putea să îmi aduceţi un ceai?
4. I would like a cup of hot tea. - Aş dori o ceaşcă de ceai cald.
5. May I have a bottle of wine? - Aţi putea să îmi aduceţi p sticlă de vin?
6. Can you bring me some sugar, please? - Puteţi să-mi aduceţi nişte zahăr, vă rog?
7. Can you bring me some salt / pepper / butter / vinegar, please?
Puteţi să-mi aduceţi nişte sare / piper / unt / oţet, vă rog?
8. Excuse me, waiter? (getting attention of waiter) - Ospătar!
9. I have finished. - Am terminat.
10. It was delicious! - A fost delicios.
11. Thank you for this great meal! - Vă mulţumesc pentru această masă foarte bună!
12. Please clear the plates. - Puteţi să strângeţi farfuriile.
13. The check, please. -Nota, vă rog.
14. Would you like another piece of cake? - Mai doriţi o felie de tort?
Specific words!
coffee – cafea tea (drink) - ceai
juice – suc (bubbly) water - apă minerală
water - apă (still) water- apă plată
beer - bere red / white wine - vin roşu/alb
beverages – băuturi hot chocolate – ciocolată caldă
62
Lesson 9 – Shopping – La cumpărături 2 h
1. Do you have this in my size?
Aveţi asta pe măsura mea?
2. What’s your size?
Care e măsura dumneavoastră?
3. How much is this?
Cât costă asta?
4. That's too expensive.
Este prea scump.
5. I can't afford it. - Nu-mi permit.
6. I don't want it.
Nu o vreau. (feminine)
Nu îl vreau (masculin)
7. I'm not interested.
Nu sunt interest / interesată.
8. OK, I'll take it.
Bine, îl iau / o iau.
9. Is there a supermarket in the area?
Este vreun supermarket în zonă?
10. Where’s the nearest shopping centre?
Unde este cel mai apropiat centru
comercial?
11. Can I have a bag?
Îmi puteţi da o pungă?
12. I need...
Am nevoie de...
13. Where can I buy clothes / toys?
De unde pot cumpăra haine / jucării?
14.What can I do for you?
Ce doriţi? / Cu ce vă pot servi?
15.I’d like a loaf of white bread, please.
Aş vrea o pâine albă, vă rog.
16.Have you got whole-meal bread?
Aveţi pâine integrală?
17. You can buy that from this shop.
Puteţi cumpăra asta de la acest magazin.
18. Where can I try this blouse?
Unde pot încerca această bluză?
19. Does it suit me?
Îmi vine bine? / Mi se potriveşte?
20. Can you bring a magazine or a
newspaper?
Poţi să-mi aduci o revistă sau un ziar?
Specific Words!
expensive - scump
cheap - ieftin
too expensive – prea scump
toothpaste - pastă de dinţi
a toothbrush - periuţă de dinţi
soap - săpun
shampoo - şampon
cold medicine - medicamente de răceală
stomach medicine - medicamente de
stomac
an umbrella - o umbrelă
a postcard - o carte poştală
shelves – rafturi
shopping basket – coş de cumpărături
shoe shop – magazine de pantofi
jewelry store– magazin de biijuterii
bookshop – librărie
library – bibliotecă
newsagent’s – chioşc (de ziare /
reviste)
post office – poştă
baker’s – brutărie
dairy products – produse lactate
envelope – plic
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postage stamps - timbre
batteries - baterii
writing paper - hârtie de scris
a pen - un stilou / un pix
bag – plasă
cashier – casier (casieră)
customer – client (clientă)
wallet – portofel
purse – poşetă
good quality – de calitate
thank you – mulţumesc
Is there a guarantee? – are garanţie?
price – preţ
seller – vânzător, vânzătoare
cafe – cafenea
travel agency – agenţie de turism
for sale – de vânzare
try on (a coat) – probează (o haină)
at the market – la piaţă
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Lesson 10 – Meetings. Invitations – ÎNTÂLNIRI. INVITAŢII 2 h
1. Are you free tonight?
Sunteţi liber deseară?
2. When can we meet?
Când ne putem întâlni?
3. What time do you leave work / school?
La ce oră plecaţi de la serviciu / şcoală?
(formal)
La ce oră pleci de la serviciu / şcoală?
(informal)
4. Would seven suit you?
Ora şapte v-ar conveni?
5. I’d rather meet you after eight.
Aş prefera să ne vedem după ora opt.
6. Let me know if you can’t come.
Anunţaţi-mă dacă nu puteţi veni.
(formal)
Anunţă-mă dacă nu poţi veni.
7. You can count in me.
Puteţi (Poţi) conta pe mine.
8. Sorry, I’m busy tonight.
Îmi pare rău, sunt ocupat deseară.
9. Is Mr Brown at home?
Este domnul Brown acasă?
10. I am sorry, he is not.
Îmi pare rău, nu este acasă.
11. Do you know when he will be back?
Ştiţi când se întoarce?
12. I will come back later.
Voi reveni mai târziu.
13. This way, please.
Pe aici, vă rog.
14. Please, sit down.
Luaţi loc, vă rog.
15. Thank you for your visit.
Vă mulţumesc pentru vizită.
16. I didn’t expect to meet you here!
Nu mă aşteptam să te întâlnesc aici.
17. What is the news?
Ce veşti ai? Ce mai e nou?
18.I am on a visit to some friends.
Sunt în vizită la nişte prieteni.
19. I came by car last night.
Am venit cu maşina aseară.
20. Are you free this afternoon?
Eşti liber astăzi după-amiază?
21. I’m really sorry, but I can’t accept your
invitation.
Îmi pare foarte rău, dar nu pot accepta
invitaţia dumneavoastră (formal) / ta
(informal)
22. Would you like to come to my birthday
party?
Ai vrea să vii la petrecerea de ziua mea?
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1. Let me introduce you to ……
Faceţi cunoştinţă cu ……
my father - tatăl meu
my mother – mama mea
my brother – fratele meu
my sister – sora mea
my friend – prietenul meu /
prietena mea my teacher
– profesorul meu(masculine)
/ profesoara mea (feminine)
my neighbour – vecinul
meu (masculine) / vecina mea (feminine)
my classmate – colegul meu de clasă
(masculine) / colega mea de clasă (fem)
my cousin – verişorul meu (masculine)
/ verişoara mea (feminine)
2.Pleased to meet you!
Încântat de cunoştinţă.
3. I’m glad to meet you.
Mă bucur să vă cunosc. (formal)
Mă bucur să te cunosc. (informal)
4. We haven’t met before, have we?
Nu ne-am cunoscut, nu-i aşa?
5. Allow me to introduce myself.
Daţi-mi voie să mă prezint.
7. My name is ….
Numele meu este…..
8. I’m a student in the tenth / eleventh
grade.
Sunt elev (masculine) / elevă (feminine) în
clasa a zecea/ a unsprezecea.
9.May I introduce myself?
Îmi permiteţi să mă prezint?
10. I’m your teacher of Romanian / Latvian.
Sunt profesorul vostru (masculine) /
profesoara voastră (feminine) de limba
română / limba letonă.
11. This is professor ….
Vi-l prezint pe profesorul…(masculine)
V-o prezint pe profesoara…(feminine)
12. It is a great pleasure to meet you!
E o mare plăcere să vă cunosc!
13. It is a great honour for me to meet you!
E o mare onoare pentru mine să vă
cunosc!
14. May I introduce my classmate?
Pot să ţi-l prezint pe colegul meu?
(masculine)
Pot să ţi-o prezint pe colega mea?
(feminine)
15.Please shake hands with
Vă rog, daţi mâna cu …
16. We hope you’ll enjoy your stay here.
Sperăm să vă placă aici.
17. Do all your relatives live in a town?
Toate rudele tale locuiesc la oraş?
18. Where does he work?
Unde lucrează el?
19. I hope to see you again soon!
Sper să ne revedem curând!
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BONUS: PROVERBS (on music) and SONGS
PROVERBE/PROVERBS
*Bine faci, bine găsești.
= You do good, you find good. HIP HOP
Când pisica nu-i acasă, joacă șoarecii pe masă.
= When the cat isn't at home, the mice dance on the
table. R&B
* Nu iese fum fără foc.
= There's no smoke without fire. HIP HOP
* Cine aleargă/ după doi iepuri/ nu prinde
niciunul.
= Who runs after two rabbits doesn't catch any. WALTZ
* Cine/ râde la urmă/ râde mai bine.
= Who laughs last, laughs better. WALTZ
* Întreabă/ şi ţi/ se va răspunde.
= Ask and you will be answered. WALTZ
* Mai bine/ mai târziu/ decât/ niciodată.
= Better later than never.WALTZ
* Nu lăsa pe mâine ce poţi face astăzi.
= Don't leave for tomorrow what you can do today. R&B
* Pe-o ureche intră şi pe alta iese.
= It enters through one ear and it exits through the
other. HIP HOP
Cântec - Song Dacă vesel se trăieşte fă aşa… If life is happy, do like this…
Dacă vesel se trăieşte fă aşa… If life is happy, do like this…
Dacă vesel se trăieşte If life is happy,
Unul altuia zâmbeşte Smiling to each other
Dacă vesel se trăieşte If life is happy,
Fă aşa… Do like this…
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Bibliography
1. Avram Mioara, Gramatica pentru toți, ediția a II-a revazută și adăugită, București, Editura
Humanitas, 1997.
2. Drăghici Cosmina, Dicţionar de expresii uzuale - Engleză, Editura Booklet.
3. Iliescu Ada, Gramatica practică a limbii române, Editura Corint, 2005.
4. Mihalache Oana, Ghid de conversaţie Român-Englez, Editura Booklet.
5. Cojocaru Dana, Romanian Grammar, SEELRC, 2003.
(http://users.ox.ac.uk/~uzdh0146/compgrammar_romanian.pdf)
6. http://www.romanianlessons.com/ (lessons 1-10, tests from lessons 3, 4, and 8)
7. http://www.101languages.net/romanian/ (Problems, Colours, Time, Transportation,
Lodging, Money, Eating, Shopping)
8. http://www.romaniatourism.com/romanian-language.html
9. http://www.dprp.gov.ro/elearning/capitole/afiseaza_capitol/a1
10. http://www.dprp.gov.ro/elearning/capitole/afiseaza_capitol/a2
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69
PĀRDOMAS PAR
PROJEKTU
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Domas par projektu „Train ticket to Europe:
Language awareness through visual arts”.
Jau sākumā, kad uzzināju par šo projektu, es biju sajūsmas un satraukuma pilna. Fakts,
ka mana dalība šajā projektā bija tik reāla, bija neticama un vārdos neaprakstāma. Visa projekta
laikā es dzirdēju un redzēju tik daudz jauna, pat neiedomājama, guvu tik daudz neaizmirstamu
un pat vārdos neaprakstāmu iespaidu.
Bija ļoti grūti noticēt tai veiksmei un laimei, kad apstiprināja manu dalību projektā. Man
tā bija jauna pieredze, jo nekad nebiju piedalījusies šāda veida projektos. Man bija ne tikai
iespēja bez maksas iemācīties jaunu valodu profesionāļu vadībā, bet arī iespēja bez maksas
doties un iepazīt jaunu kultūru, jaunu valsti. Nebiju pat iedomājusies, kādu pieredzi es varēšu
gūt, piedaloties projektā.
Liekas, ka es vēl nekad nebiju jutusies tik pārbijusies un laimīga, kā tajās nedēļās, kad
Latvijā viesojās divas skolotājas no Rumānijas - Livia un Nikoleta. Tajā brīdī sajutos kā bērns
Ziemassvētku vakarā, jo biju pilna gaidu un satraukuma. Rumāņu valodā es iemīlējos jau no
pirmās nodarbības. Tajā pirmajā dienā es jau zināju, ka ceturtā valoda, kuru apgūšu, būs rumāņu
valoda, tā ir tik temperamentīga, ātra, ar raksturu un savu attieksmi.
Protams, ka rumāņu valodas mācīšanās nebija viegla. Es centos no visas sirds, jo
nevēlējos palaist garām nevienu minūti, kurā man ir iespēja iemācīties tik daudz kā jauna. Bija
vārdi, kurus atcerēties bija viegli, bet bija vārdi, kuri bija vairākkārt jāatkārto, lai tie paliktu
prātā. Ik dienas centos izmantot rumāņu valodu, piemēram, sasveicinoties vai atvadoties no
rumāņu skolotājām.
Pirms mācību uzsākšanas mūsu latviešu skolotājas parādīja video ierakstu, kurā
redzējām, kā svešvalodu, t. i., latviešu valodu, apguva rumāņu skolēni un skolotāji. Viņiem, kā
likās, tas padevās tik viegli. Tāpēc mums bija jācenšas tikpat cītīgi, lai mēs sevi neapkaunotu.
Divu nedēļu laikā mēs bijām spējīgi apgūt rumāņu valodas pamatus, kas man likās
neiespējami. Pēc divām nedēļām mēs varējām veidot vienkāršus teikumus, arī skolotāju sarunā
spējām atšķirt un atpazīt atsevišķus vārdus. Panākumi nodarbībās pamudināja mums gūt vēl
augstākus rezultātus, kas atspoguļojās mūsu valodas eksāmenu vērtējumos.
Kad Ziemassvētku vakars tika aizvadīts, sākās ilgais gaidīšanas laiks – rumāņu skolēnu
atbraukšana uz Latviju. Gaidas bija mokpilnas, ātrāk gribējās satikt rumāņus, lai kāda no
rumāņu meitenēm kļūtu „par manu māsu”.
Šajā laikā abas projektā iesaistītās puses skatījās prezentācijas par otrās valsts projekta
dalībniekiem. Katrs meklēja sev domubiedru, lai projekta laikā izveidotos cieša draudzība ar
savu „māsu” vai „brāli”.
71
Beidzās ziema, sākās pavasaris, tāds, kāds nekad agrāk nav bijis – ar sniegu un salu.
Taču nekad neaizmirsīšu to saulaino un satraukuma pilno dienu, kad pa logu redzējām
piebraucam rumāņu autobusu. Ceļi un rokas sāka nevaldāmi drebēt, likās, ka aizmirsu ikvienu
vārdu ne tikai rumāņu vai angļu valodā, bet arī latviešu valodā. Varēja redzēt, ka satraukušies
bijām ne tikai mēs, bet arī rumāņu skolēni un skolotāji, jo viņiem viss bija tikpat satraucošs un
nezināms kā mums.
Kad rumāņu skolēnu komanda, kura nu jau ir kļuvusi par mūsu tuviem draugiem, ienāca
pa mūsu skolas durvīm, panikas līmenis bija tik augsts, ka neviens no latviešiem nebija spējīgs
pakustēties, lai iepazītos. Iepazīstināšanu mēs atstājām skolotāju ziņā.
Līdz pat pēdējam brīdim es nezināju, kura no rumānietēm kļūs par manu māsu, bet man
ļoti paveicās. Oana saprata manas bailes, es sapratu viņējās, tieši tādēļ es tik ļoti centos šajās
nedēļās sagādāt viņai visu labāko šeit, Daugavpilī.
Kad sākās svinīgais pasākums, kura laikā latviešus iepazīstināja ar jauno ģimenes
locekli, visi bija neziņas pilni, neviens nezināja ko gaidīt. Kad izsauca mani, manas rokas
nevaldāmi drebēja, bet Oana manā priekšā bija mierīga, nobijusies, bet mierīga. Viņa izstaroja
labestību, un tas mani nedaudz nomierināja. Tad mums deva iespēju tuvāk iepazīties un es
atklāju Oanai, ka esmu nevaldāmi satraukta, bet viņa mierināja mani, ka viss būs labi.
Pirmais vakars bija satraukuma pilns, jo es gribēju būt droša, ka manu ciemiņu viss
apmierina un nav nekā, ko es vēl varētu piedāvāt. Visas nākamās dienas tika pavadītas,
iepazīstot savu „māsu” tuvāk. Un, lai arī mūsu starpā bija ļoti draudzīgas attiecības, es visu
laiku domāju un uztraucos par to, vai viņu viss apmierina. Kad rumāņi devās visas dienas
ekskursijā pa Latviju, es jutos kā mamma un uztraucos par to, vai Oanai pietiks ēdiena, vai viņai
būs silti, vai telefons ir uzlādēts, utt.. Tā – uztraukumos un lielā, lielā nogurumā - pirmā nedēļa
arī tika aizvadīta. Rūpes par jauno ģimenes locekli, kas jāapvieno ar mācībām un citām projekta
aktivitātēm, „izsūc” spēkus, tomēr piepilda ar gandarījuma, laimes un veiksmes sajūtu par to,
cik daudz jauna mums lemts iepazīt.
Otrās nedēļas laikā jau pamazām kļuva vieglāk, vieglāk bija apvienot abas dzīves, kuras
tad izdzīvoja visi projektā iesaistītie latvieši, tomēr nedēļas vidū sāka parādīties biedējošā
skumju sajūta par tuvajām beigām.
Dienas turpināja skriet vēja spārniem. Visi centās dāvāt rumāņiem iespaidus, kurus viņi
atcerētos visu savu dzīvi. Sākām pārdomāt to, kas kopā piedzīvots, sākot ar nervozo pirmo
dienu, tad par Šekspīra lugas dienu, pēdējo rumāņu vakaru pilsētā un visām piedzīvojumu
pilnajām dienām pa vidu.
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Lai cik skumji tas arī nebūtu, divas nedēļas pagāja nemanot, pienāca laiks atvadīties.
Lai gan zinājām, ka drīz atkal redzēsimies, deviņpadsmitais aprīlis bija asaru pilns... Likās, ka
rumāņi tik tikko ieradās un jau viņiem bija laiks doties mājās.
Sēžot un gaidot, kamēr atbrauc autobuss, kas vedīs prom mūsu draugus, visapkārt varēja
redzēt tik daudz mīlestības pilnu atvadu asaru, tik ciešus apskāvienus, kas atklāja šī projekta
pamatideju – iepazīt svešu tautu, svešu mentalitāti, sadraudzēties ar savu ģimeni, neņemot vērā
valodas barjeru, iemīlēt cilvēku tā, ka atmiņas par piedzīvoto paliks iegravētas uz mūžiem. Ar
asarām acīs un smaidu uz lūpām vēroju, kā projekts izveidoja spēcīgu draudzību starp divām
tautām.
Klusām un nemanot piebrauca autobuss, bija laiks pēdējām atvadām. Bija grūti noticēt,
ka mūsu laiks kopā jau ir pagājis, jo vairāk vai mazāk bijām sadraudzējušies ar visiem projekta
dalībniekiem - gan skolēniem, gan skolotājiem. Kad autobusa durvis aizvērās un mēs varējām
māt viens otram atvadas, prāts patiesi sāka aptvert to, kas notiek, un asaras no jauna kāpa acīs.
Turpinot māt atvadas, caur asaru plīvuru vērojām, kā autobuss pazūd mūsu skatienam.
Lai atvadas būtu vieglākas, Oana man atstāja atvadu vēstuli, kurā pateicās par visu, ko
es viņas labā biju darījusi šo divu nedēļu laikā. Viņa ikdienā bija izjutusi manu gādību, manus
pūliņus, lai viņas laiks šeit tiešām būtu lielisks. Izsakoties viņas vārdiem, es papildināju viņas
vizuālo kabatu. Oanas vēstule bija tik īsta, tik pilna patiesu jūtu, ka visi pārdzīvojumi un
nogurums, kas bija piedzīvoti viņas ciemošanās laikā, kļuva niecīgi, un sirds pildījās ar
gandarījumu par paveikto.
Atkal sākās jauns gaidīšanas posms, un mēs gaidījām savu piedzīvojumiem bagāto
braucienu uz Rumāniju. Šis laiks bija vēl saviļņojošāks, jo mūs gaidīja vēl lielāki piedzīvojumi.
Pavisam nemanot, pienāca rudens, un jau astoņpadsmitajā septembrī mēs lūkojāmies uz
Rumānijas burvīgo dabu. Es zināju, ka mūs sagaidīs valsts, kas ieskauta skaistos kalnos, tomēr
pat manās visspilgtākajās fantāzijās es nevarēju iedomāties to skaistumu, kas pavērās mūsu acu
priekšā. Pati pilsēta, Alba Iulia, mani sajūsmināja gandrīz tikpat ļoti, cik kalni tai apkārt. Pilsētā
bija redzama vēsture, bija redzamas atmiņas, tās bija dzīvas. Ēku fasādes bija neticami skaistas,
bija saglabātas skaistākās arhitektūras tradīcijas, kas mani ļoti sajūsmināja, jo mūsdienās pārāk
daudz visu mēģina modernizēt, aizmirstot, ka arī pagātne ir skaista, un tieši to sevī glabāja un
atklāja Alba Iulia.
Taču vairāk par Rumānijas dabu un Alba Iulia pilsētu, mēs priecājāmies ieraudzīt savus
rumāņu draugus. Gaisā prieks un satraukums likās sataustāms. Atkalredzēšanās bija brīnišķīga!
Mums visiem vienam otra pietrūka, kas bija redzams pēc ciešajiem un biežajiem apskāvieniem.
Kad pirmais satraukums norimās, bija laiks iepazīties ar savām jaunajām ģimenēm. Visi
latvieši iztēlojās cilvēkus, pie kuriem dzīvos, tomēr mūsu iedomas nespēja sagatavot mūs tai
73
mīlestības, gādības un laimes sajūtai, kuru guvām, satiekot savu rumāņu ģimeni. Satiekot „ savu
rumāņu mammu un rumāņu tēti”, es sajutos, kā atgriežoties mājās, jo tieši tā mani uzņēma –
nevis kā ciemiņu, bet kā ģimenes locekli. Tajā mirklī es zināju, ka mans pavadītais laiks
Rumānijā būs ļoti īpašs.
Pēc pirmās dienas jau radās pirmie iespaidi par valsti, par tautu, par cilvēku patriotismu.
Patriotisms tik tiešām ir tas, kā latviešiem nedaudz pietrūkst, turpretī rumāņi nekautrējās par to,
no kurienes viņi nāk, viņi ar to lepojās. Kur vien veries, visur varēja redzēt zilo, dzelteno un
sarkano karogu krāsu, kas arī atklāja rumāņu lepnumu par savu valsti un tās simboliem.
Drīz jau arī iepazinos ar citu ģimeni, kura arī kļuva par maniem draugiem, cilvēki tik
tiešām bija ļoti atvērti un draudzīgi, izpalīdzīgi un laipni. Visu ceļojuma laiku „vilku” paralēles
ar latviešu tautu, un, tiesa, ne vienmēr salīdzinājums bija mums glaimojošs, bet tas nenozīmē,
ka Rumānijā viss bija ideāli, protams, bija arī kaut kas tāds, ko latviešu mentalitāte nevarēja
saprast un pierast. Piemēram, vēsais ēdiens, atļauja smēķēt kafejnīcās, neobligāta gaismu
slēgšana transportlīdzekļiem dienas laikā un citi sīkumi.
Nepagāja necik ilgs laiks, kad mēs visi sākām ilgoties pēc mājām, tomēr tas nemazināja
mūsu sparu darboties, jo darba mums tik tiešām bija daudz, sākot ar visām projekta aktivitātēm,
Rumānijas kultūras un vides iepazīšanu, beidzot ar Šekspīra iestudējumu partnervalsts valodā.
Dienas jau atkal skrēja nemanot, tomēr tās aiz sevis atstāja daudz jo daudz neaizmirstamu
atmiņu.
Vienā no mūsu ekskursijām es biju spiesta skatīties acīs savām vislielākajām bailēm –
bailēm no augstuma. Mēs bijām sāls raktuvēs, kuras bija ievērojami dziļi zem zemes, un skats
no augšas uz leju izraisīja manī lielas bailes, kuras stiprākas padarīja klaustofobijas sajūta,
atrodoties zem zemes. Tālāk mēs devāmies uz Turdas Kanjonu, kur mēs izmēģinājām vienu no
rumāņu iecienītākajiem hobijiem – kalnos kāpšanu. Taču šeit manas bailes bija nesalīdzināmi
mazākas, jo skats uz leju nebija stāvs, bet augstuma starpība bija redzama tikai tālumā.
Tā pagāja viena piedzīvojumiem bagāta diena pēc otras, un pienāca diena, kad bija laiks
spēlēt Šekspīru partnervalsts valodā. Šķita, ka rumāņiem atbildības līmenis bija nesalīdzināmi
zemāks, jo viņus sapratīsim tikai mēs, tomēr mūs sapratīs vai, tieši otrādi, nesapratīs visi zālē
klātesošie, ne tikai skolas skolotāji un skolēni, bet arī preses pārstāvji un amatpersonas.
Atbildība bija neizmērāmi liela, es darīju visu, ko spēju, un tas vainagojās panākumiem –
gandarījuma sajūta pēc labi padarīta darba, skatītāju ovācijās un rumāņu skatītāju komplimenti.
Šo divu nedēļu laikā mēs garīgi augām un satuvinājāmies. Kopā piedzīvotais un
redzētais veidoja kopīgas atmiņas, kuras vienmēr būs mūsu sirdīs. Viss, ko mēs ieguvām, ir
vārdos neaprakstāms, tomēr tas krasi mainīja mūsu dzīves, uzskatus un nedaudz arī nākotnes
plānus. Es, piemēram, esmu apņēmusies apgūt rumāņu valodu un atkal atgriezties pie savas
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rumāņu ģimenes. (Pat nopirku grāmatu rumāņu valodā, lai būtu papildus stimuls sevi attīstīt.)
Es nebiju vienīgā, kurai pēc šī brauciena radās šāda veida apņemšanās.
Pienāca pēdējais vakars, kuru, atšķirībā no citiem vakariem, pilnībā pavadīju kopā ar
savu ģimeni. Mēs kopā priecājāmies un atcerējāmies patīkami pavadīto laiku kopā. Pirms
izbraukšanas uzrakstīju atvadu vēstuli savai (rumāņu) mammai un tētim, pilnu ar pateicību par
viesmīlību, gādību, rūpēm, man veltīto laiku un atmiņām un – galvenais - par to ģimenisko
sajūtu, kuru viņi man dāvāja.
Aizbraukšanas diena uzreiz jau sākās ar atvadām no mana rumāņu tēta, kuram jau bija
jādodas uz darbu. Un kopš tā laika asaras nepameta manas acis, jo es jau biju pieradusi sev
visapkārt - ielās, pa televizoru - dzirdēt rumāņu valodu. Bija žēl, ka drīz tā nebūs. Braucot ar
mantām uz skolu, gremdējos patīkamās atmiņās, kas man jau saistījās ar šo maršrutu no mājām
uz skolu un atpakaļ. Māca skumjas, tādēļ ka zināju, ka braucu pa šo maršrutu pēdējo reizi.
Atkal jāsaka, ka skumjas ar jaunu spēku piepildīja mūsu sirdis, jo mums atkal vajadzēja
pamest savus draugus un nu arī jauniegūtās ģimenes. Es tiešām jutos kā daļa no Oanas ģimenes
un nevarēju beigt pateikties savai Rumānijas mammai, tētim un māsai, kuri man lika justies tik
labi pilnīgi svešā vidē.
Gribējās runāt pretī savam prātam, kurš teica, ka piedzīvojums ir beidzies, jo sirds tam
vienkārši neticēja. Šīs divas nedēļas bija piepildītas ar visām iespējamajām emocijām
vienlaikus, kas nogurdināja un uzlādēja vienlaikus, tomēr šis piedzīvojums bija tikai sākums.
Tas mums pierādīja, cik draudzīgi un atvērti cilvēki mēs īstenībā esam, ja jau mēs bijām spējīgi
uzņemt savā ģimenē svešu cilvēku no svešas valsts un likt viņam justies kā mājās, tas pierādīja,
cik daudz mēs patiesībā spējam, ja jau bijām spējīgi iemācīties Šekspīra lugu rumāņu valodā
un pienācīgi to arī prezentēt, veidot valodas materiālus, lai varētu tos citi izmantot mācoties
valodu, tas pierādīja arī to, cik iecietīgi viens pret otru spējam būt, jo divas dienas, pavadītas
autobusā lielu cilvēku grupā, prasa daudz pacietības un „dzelzs” nervus.
Līdz pat šodienai es ik pa laikam sarakstos ar savu rumāņu ģimeni, jo viņus tāpat kā
mūsu kopā pavadīto laiku es tik tiešām nekad neaizmirsīšu.
Šis projekts bija prātam un sirdij neaptverams piedzīvojums, kurā mēs - gan rumāņi, gan
latvieši - piedzīvojām tik daudz, tās izjūtas, emocijas un pārdzīvojumi vienmēr paliks mūsu
sirdīs. Es tik tiešām jūtos priviliģēta, jo man bija iespēja piedalīties šajā projektā un gūt
neaizmirstamas emocijas un iespaidus. Projekta laikā mēs visi ieguvām tik daudz - satraucošu
pieredzi, jaunu valodu, jaunus draugus, jaunu ģimeni -, vai to maz aprakstīt ar vārdiem? Projekts
savu mērķi ir sasniedzis – tas satuvināja divas pilnīgi dažādas tautas un izveidoja draudzības
saites starp tām, kuras saglabāsies, iespējams, pat mūžīgi.
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Māra Pēterfelde
11.kl. skolniece
Daugavpils 12. vidusskola
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TTE LAVA
ATTĒLOS
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RUMĀNIJAS SKOLĒNI MĀCĀS LATVIEŠU VALODU
2012. gada 26. novembris – 7. decembris
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LATVIJAS SKOLĒNI MĀCĀS RUMĀŅU VALODU
2013. gada 14. janvāris – 25. janvāris
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RUMĀNIJAS SKOLĒNI DAUGAVPILĪ, LATVIJĀ
2013. gada 9. aprīlis – 19. aprīlis
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LATVIJAS SKOLĒNI ALBA IULIA, RUMĀNIJĀ
2013. gada 18. septembris – 27. septembris
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TTE LAVA ŠEKSPĪRS
…KLASISKAIS
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TTE LAVA ŠEKSPĪRS
…MŪSDIENĪGAIS
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TTE LAVA!
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