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THE SCOTS LEARNERS' DICTIONARY

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Introduction

The problem of writing modern Scots

There is a growing interest in writing modern Scots prose in books, articles and blogs, and many writers are keen to extend the use of Scots beyond its traditional role describing "the humorous, the sentimental, the nostalgic and the trivial". There is a problem though; it is often hard to find good Scots equivalents for quite common English words and phrases. At first sight Scots, and undeniably as a result of its hitherto restricted range of use seems to lack quite a lot of useful vocabulary. How do you say words like approach, anticipate, circumstance, deficient, interpret and modify? Existing dictionaries are only partially helpful; even the masterly Essential Scots Dictionary (ESD) currently the only 'prescriptive' Scots dictionary, listing some 5000 reasonably current words and phrases, is incomplete. If there is no obvious Scots equivalent in the ESD, the English entry is simply omitted. The writer is left with the conundrum of inserting English 'as-is' or finding a Scots circumlocution to avoid the English term or phrase altogether. Neither feels comfortable when done too much; the text becomes over-obtuse or over-Anglicised.

The Scots Learners' Dictionary

The approach of the Scots Learners' Dictionary is quite different therefore. It starts with the 3000 statistically most frequently used words and phrases in English non-fictional texts. 3000 was chosen as it is said that speakers actually only use about this number of words in everyday speech - though of course know many times more. This list was mapped against the ESD entries, and synonyms or near-equivalent Scots phrases suggested for as many of the 'missing' entries as possible. Where an equivalent could not be found the English word, sometimes with a slightly Scotticised spelling, has been listed for completeness. Additional vocabulary relating to specific Scottish contexts was added to localise the original generic list. Every effort was made however to keep within the current ESD vocabulary list to avoid archaic and Lallans-like artificial vocabulary. Lallans was a well-meaning attempt in the early 20th century to develop a formal Scots written form. Unfortunately Lallans relied on re-purposing archaic words making it almost unreadable to contemporary speakers and it soon fell into disuse and even ridicule.

Begun as an experiment six years ago, the SLD frequency-based approach turned out to be straightforward, if time-consuming, begging the question why this was not done by professional lexicographers years ago. The success of this approach is really up to the user to judge, but by using the SLD I now find it relatively easy to produce consistent and authentic Scots prose.

How to use this dictionary

The SLD is part of a set of Scots learning materials and approaches at the Scots Haunbuik web site [ScotsHaunbuik.co.uk] and should be used in conjunction with the Scots Learners' Grammar. It should be remembered that the SLD is still a very restricted word-list, though, I recommend using the Essential Scots Dictionary, the Concise English-Scots Dictionary and other modern sources to broaden and enrich your vocabulary. The SLD is also a real work in progress. If users find more missing vocabulary, good Scots expressions I have forgotten, mistakes, typos or inconsistencies in the dictionary, please let me know and I will update it.

Spelling

I have chosen for the most part the ESD model as it seems to me to be the easiest for English- speaking learners to use. Even in this prescriptive model though there are several variants and there is no reason why some dialectical variation could not also be introduced; though care should be taken to use variants consistently and cautiously to ensure wide readability.



a, an a, an, ae

aback aback

abandon abandon, gie up, gie ower

able, ability able, docht (was able)

able, be dow

ability abeelitie, bein able

abnormal byordinar [no richt]

about aboot, anent (regarding)

above abuin/abune, owerheid

abreast abreist

abroad abraid, owerseas

abrupt snappit, suddent

absent no here / there

absence absence, seekie (due to illness)

absolute fair, black, evendoon

abstain gae frae

abstract abstrack

abundance/lot of rowth o, feck

abundant rowthie

abuse abeese, abuise

abusive ill-mou'd

academy academie

accent accent, tune

accept accep

access wey in, ingang, ingait

accident accident, stramash, mishanter

accidental casual

accommodate accomodate, pit up

accommodate accommodation, up-pittin

according to accordin tae, conform wi

account accoont

accuse delate

accurate preceese, perjink (person), richt

accustomed to yaised wi

ache stoon

achieve achieve, win, cairie oot, effeck, get roon acknowledge awn, ken

acquainted with aquantit wi

aquaintance aquantance, kent face, freen(d)

acquire obteen, git

across athort, throu

action action

act ack

action action, ack, ploy

active acteeve

activist acteevist

activity acteevitie, throu-pit

actor, actress actor

actually rael-like, ackwallie

acute gleg, snell

adamant positeeve

adapt adapt, git yaised wi

add add , eik

additional addeetional, tither

address address, backin

adequate suffeecient, eneuch

adjective adjective

adjourn caw a haut tae, pit aff, en

adjust adjust, chenge, correck

administer admeenister

administration admeenistration

admire respeck

admirable braw

admit awn

adolescent adolescent, halflin

adroit cannie

adult adult

advance forder

advantage advantage, tak a len o (take advantage of)

adventure adventure

advertise adverteese

advert advert(eesement)

advice(n.), advise(v.) advice, coonsel, advisement

advise advise, speak a word tae

adverse ill, thrawart, conter

affable couthie

affair maitter

affect affeck, chenge

affected mim(p), pitten-on

affection hert-likin, notion o (affection for)

affectionate lithesome

affirm uphaud

affinity sibness

afflict afflick

affluent bien, weel-daein

afford affuird

afoot afit

aforementioned foresaid

afraid feart (at, o)

after ahint, aifter



aftermath aiftercome, aiftercast

afternoon aifternuin

afterwards efterhin, efterwards, syne

again again, agane

against agin, conter

age age

agenda agenda

agent factor

ago syne

ago, long a whil(ie) back, lang back

agree gree -d

agreeable couthie

agreement greement, unnerstaunin

agriculture fairmin

ahead aheid

aid aid, forder

akin sib

ailing dowie

aim ettle

air air

airline airline

aeroplane airieplane

airport airport

alarm alairm

alas ochone

alcohol aquavitae (spirits), alcohol

alert gleg, smairt, binkie

alike equal-aqual, sel an same, sib, eeksie-peeksie alive alive, in life

all aa/aw

all right aa richt

all the the hail

alleviate lichten

alley close, wynd, vennel, pend (arched)

allocate stent

allow alloo, lat

almost aamaist [near, nearaboot, gey near, maistlins, nearhaun]

aloft alaft

alone alane, by ma/his (etc) lane

along alang

aloud oot lood

already arredies, awreadie

also an aa, forbye

alter chynge -d

alternate turn aboot

alternative alternative, chice, wale

although although, e'en if

altogether athegither

am am

always aye, awweys, ayeweys

amalgamate mell

amaze(d) dumfooner

ambition ambeetion, ettle

ambitious ambeetious

amble daunder

ambulance ambulance

amend chynge

amiable douce, couthie

America, American America, American

among amang

amount amoont

amuse amuse, enterteen

amusing pawkie

analyse scance, exaemin

ancestors forefowk, forebeirs

ancient auncient

and an

anecdote crack

anger birse, git gaun (v)

Anglo-Saxon Auld-Angles (an ancestor of Scots)

Anglicised Englified

angry bealin

animal baist, baistie (small animal or insect)

animated birkie

animosity unfreenship

ankle ankle, cuit NE

announce annoonce, lat ken

annoy deave, fash

annoyance fasherie, deavance

annoying fashious, angersome

annual ilka year

another anither/anidder

answer answer (n), answer , speak back, repone ant eemock

antics cantrips

anticipate doot, expeck

anticlockwise widdershins

anxiety anxeeitie

anxious thochtie

any, anybody onie



anybody oniebodie

anyhow oniewey(s), oniegait, onie road

anyone onie ane, onie yin

anything oniething, ocht

anyway oniewey(s), onie road

anywhere oniegait, onie road

apart apairt , asides or leave aside (apart from), rive (pull apart)

appeal appeal

appear kythe

appearance cast (look), kythin

appetite appeteet

apologise apologeese

apparatus, gear graith

apparent(ly) kenable, appearinlie

apartment flat, single en (one room)

appear kythe

apple aipple

apply apply

appoint appint

appointment appyntment, tryst

appraise vailye

appreciate be thankfu fur/for, apprise

apprehensive eerie

apprentice apprentice, boy (even as an adult)

approach oncome (n), muive tae/til, come up tae appropriate sitable, settin, fittin

approve appruve

approximate ruch, roch

apron peenie

aquainted aquant

are ar

April Aprile, Averil

April fool gowk

arch airch

area airt, destrick, neibourheid

argue arigie, hae an argiement, gae agin

argument argument, argie-bargie, carfuffle, stushie, flytin arise tak place, come up

aristocrat laird (i.e. landowner)

arm airm

armful oxterfu

armpit oxter (also as a v, to hold under the arm) army airmie

around aroon, aboot, roon aboot

arouse (sexually) kittle, on the radge (aroused)

arrange, arrangement redd (up), sort (oot) arrest (ar)reest, lift, tak in, huckle

arrive, arrival arrive, win at, git tae

arrogant pridefu, heich-heidit

arrow a(i)rra

art a(i)rt

article airticle

artificial artifeecial, mim

as as

aside ascient

ash ais

ashamed rid faced, taen (like)

ask aks, ask, speir (at)

ask for seek

ask to seek tae

askew asklent, squeegee

asleep sleepin, awa

aspect aspeck, cast

aspire seek, ettle

asprin asp(i)reen

assemble forgaither, pit thegither, git thegither

assent greement

assert threap

assertion threapment

assess conseeder

asset(s) asset

assist assist, gie a haun tae, heeze

associate coneck, liken wi

assorted sindrie

assume tak fur grantit,

assure asheer / asseer

assurance asseerance

astonish dumfooner

astray agley

astute cannie, pawkie

at, at all at

at once richt awa

atomic atomic

atrocious awfu

attach steek

attack set tae, tear intae,yoke tae

attempt ettle, set aboot, hubble (clumsy attempt), fend NE



attend (at)tend

attention, pay attention tent, tak tent o

attitude mainner, gait, ootluik

attract attrack, tice

attractive bonnie, brammer (very attractive), barrie (very attractive)

auction roup

audacious bauld

audience owdience NE

August August

aunt auntie

Australia, Australian Australia, Australian

authentic rael

author owthor

authority authoritie, pooer

authorities hied yins, heid bummers (coll)

authorisation (written) line (e.g. sick line)

auto(mobile) caur

automatic automatic

autumn hairst, back-en

available available, obteenable

average average, owerheid (on the average)

aversion scunner

avoid miss, evite, jouk

awake waukened

award awaird

aware awaur

away awa (distant), hine, yont

awful awfie / awfu

awkward ackwart, gawkit, footerie (task)

baby, child bairn, wean, tot, wee smout (small), babbie

back hint, back, rig(gin) (of the body)

back to front backside foremaist

backside dowp (esp of trousers), hin-en, hurdies, bumbaleerie, bahookie

background backgrun(d)

backward backart(s), glaikit (person)

bacon ham, ham flaik (rasher)

bad baud, ull

badly off ill-aff

bad temper crabbitness

bag poke, baggie (small)

bag, plastic polypoke

baggage baggage, gear

balance balance

ball ba(w)

banana banannie

band ba(u)n(d)

bank ba(u)nk, brae (river)

bar ba(u)r

bare in the scud, baries or barefit (bare feet)

bargain bargain, troke, niffer, guid dale, gie-awa barge bairge (also to speak loudly)

barber baurber

bark bowf (v)

barn, cowshed byre

barrier barrier, hinder

barrister advocate

base, basic basic, foon(s)

basement, cellar dunnie

basis grun, foon

basket creel

bath bath, dook (take a bath, bathe)

bathroom bathroom

bald baul(d), bauldie (coll: bald person)

be, been be, been

beach beach, stron

bear (endure) thole, bide

beard baird

beast baist

beat bash, batter, bate, dunt, cowe (overcome), bang (thrash)

beautiful braw, bonnie, stoatin, stoater (beautiful person ot thing)

beauty brawness

because (of) (a)cause o

become become (pp becam), turn, git

bed bed, scratcher (coll)

bedroom chaumer

beer beer

before afore

beforehand aforehaun(d)

beg beg

begin begin (pp begoud), stert

beginning stert, ootset

behalf behalf

behave, behavior behave, ack, cairrie on

behind ahin, ahent

behold behaud

being bein

belch rift



believe believe,doot, hae, trew

bell bell

bellicose weirlik

belly kyte, bellie, wame, baggie

belong belang

below ablo(w)

belt belt, tawse (a strap once used to punish children)

bench bink

bend bend, boo (v), wimple (in a road or stream), coorie (bend down)

beneath aneath

benefit get the guid o

beneficial cannie

beside aside

besides asides, forbye

best best

bet bet, wad, binger (losing bet, horse or dog)

betray begowk

better better, beezer (better than normal)

between atween, atweesh

beware bewaur, tak tent o

bewildered, stunned dumfoonert, bumbazed

beyond ayont, beyont, ootwi

beyond belief past aa

Bible Beuk

bicycle bicycle, bike, caw a bike (pedal a bicycle) bid seek, bode (auction)

big big, muckle, lairge, beezer (bigger than normal)

bigot begot

bill, bill of lading bill

billion billion

bin (wastepaper or dust) backet

bind bind (NB rhymes with tinned)

bird burd

birth birth

birthday birthday

birthplace birth-grun

biscuit biscuit, parkin

bit bit(tie)

bite bite, chack

bitter wersh, soor (person)

black black/bleck

blacksmith smiddy

blame blame, wyte

bland wersh

blanket hap, plaid (tartan)

blend mell

blight blicht

blind blin

block stock (wood), stap (v), conter (v), thorter (v)

bloke gadg(i)e, cheil (NE), callant, billie (esp workmate) blood, bloody bluid, bluidie

blouse blouse

blue blyew/bew, blae (blue-grey)

blunder bummle

blow blaw, souch (esp wind), dunt (hit heavily) board buird

boast cra(w), bla(w) (also boastful person), bum, bum up (boast about), bloast

boat boat, bait NE

body bodie, bouk

boil bile

bold, spirited gallus

bone bane

book beuk / buik

book cover batters

bookkeeping buikkeepin

bookshelf buik-buird

boost forder, mak better

boot bit, tackit, tackettie (heavy boot), wellie (rubber) border border

bore deave

bored bored, scunnert, seek-sair

boring borin, scunnersome, taiglesome, langsome

born born, come hame

borough burgh

borrow borrae, tap

boss boss, him/hersel, heid bummer/billydactus/puddock (coll), high heid yins (bosses) botch bootch

both baith, yer twa sels (both of you)

bother(ed) fash(t), bather(t)

bottle bottle, gantry (bottle stand behind a bar)

bottom bahookie, boddom, dowp



bounce stot

bound (e.g. by obligation) thirled

boundary boon, merch

bow beck (respectfully)

bowls bools (game)

box bo(a)x, kist(ie)

boy laddie / loun, lad, bo(a)y

braces galluses

brain(s) harns

brainless harnless

branch brainch

brand brand, mak, kin(d)

bread breid

breadth brenth

break brak / brek, interval (school or theatre), piece-brek (at work0

breakdown breck-doon

breakfast brakefast

breast pap, bosie

breath braith, pecht oot (out of breath)

brick brick

bridge brig

bright bricht, veeve

bright bricht

bring bring, fesh

Britain, British Britain, British

brittle bruckie

broad braid

broke, rooked broke

broken brak, foonert (broken down),

knackt (coll), jiggert brook, stream burn

brother brither

brown broon

brush, broom besom, briss, soop (v)

brush against skiff

bubble blob

bucket bucket, pail, cog, bowie

budge jee

build big -git

building biggin

bullet billet

bump dunt

burn birn

burst birtst

bus bus

bus station stance

business business, troke

busy thrang, hasht (person), hoa(t)chin

but but

butcher flesher

butter butter

buttocks hurdies

button button

buy buy pp bocht, coff

by, by-product by / bi

buzz bizz

cabbage kail

cafe, cafeteria café

cake cake

caked, encrusted clartit, barkit

calculate coont, wark oot

call caa -d

calm lown

can, could can, cuid

candle caunle

camera camera

campaign campain

Canada, Canadian Canada, Canadian

cancel caw aff, elide

cap caip

capable feckfu

capacity throu-pit

capital capital

capricious flichtie

captain captain

car caur

car park caur pairk

card cairt (e.g. playing card), the deil's picter buiks (coll)

care care, thocht, tent

career career

careful carefu, cannie

carefully carefu-like, cannie-like

careless hashie, tentless

cargo (pl. cargoes) cargo

carry cairrie, humph (with difficulty), oxter (carry underarm)

cart cairt

cart (children's home made) cairtie, bogie, piler, guider etc

case case, maitter

cash, cashier cash, clink

cash machine (ATM) hole in the wa, puggie (coll)



castle castle

cat cat, cheetie, baudrons

catarrh snotters

catastrophe stramash

catch kep -pit, sneck

category cless, sort, kin(d), teep

cause gar (v), rizzon (n)

cautious cannie, ca(w) cannie (be cautious)

cellar dunnie, laich-hoose

central central

per cent per cent

centimetre centimetre

centre/center centre, mids, hairt

century centurie, yearhunner

certain siccar

certainly atweel, certies

chase gae aifter

chain, chain store cheen/chine

chair cheer

chairperson convener, preses

challenge challenge

Chamber of Commerce Chaumer o Commerce

champion kemp

chamber pot chantie

chance chance, like (probability)

change chynge

changeable aff an an

channel channel, trink, rin (small)

chap (skin) hack

character character, smeddum (strength of character)

charge chairge

charming chairmin

chaotic tapsalteerie

chart chart, ca(i)rd

charter chairter

chat crack/craic (n), blether, hae a crack / blether (v)

chatter clishmaclaver

cheap chape

cheat swick

check chack

cheek chowk, snash (cheekiness)

cheese cheese, kebbock (home-made), crowdie (soft) chemical chemical

cheque chack

chest chist, kist

chew chaw

chicken chucken

chief maister, high heid yin (coll), heidmaist (adj)

childhood bairnheid

child bairn, wean

childish bairnlike

children childer, bairns, weans

chilly chilpie

chimney lum

chocolate chocolate

choice chice, wale

choose chuise

Christmas (Day) Christmas, Yule (Day)

Christmas Eve Christmas Eve, Yule Een

church kirk

cider cider, skud (coll)

cigarette cigarette, ciggie, dowt (cigarette end) cinema picters, picter-hoose

circle circle

circular roon(d)

circumstance(s) circumstance, condeetion, settin, seetiation

citizen citizen

city ceitie

claim claim, threap, awn, haud

clarify mak clair

class cless

clatter brattle

clean claen

clear clair, veeve, redd (clear up)

clergyman meenister (Presbyterian), priest (Catholic) clerk clerk, clerkess (female)

clever clivver, cannie

click ( a mouse) clap

client client

climate climate

climb (s)clim

clock clo(a)ck, nock

clockwise deasil

close close, steik

close by nearhaun

cloth claith, hodden (coarse), cloot (for cleaning)



clothes claes, cleddin

cloud clud, smoor (of smoke etc)

cloudy drumlie (also murky liquid or weather)

club club, curn

do something clumsily hash, ramstan (done hurriedly) coal coll

coast coast

coat cot

coax fleetch

postcode (Brit.) postcode

pompom toorie

coffee coffee

cohabitee, partner bidie-in

coin coin, bawbee (small coin)

cold caul(d), snell (weather), a dose o the cauld (a cold), cauldrif (someone who feels the cold or acts coldly)

collaborate wirk thegither, jine forces

collapse come in, foon(d)er (person)

colleague colleague, billie

collect lift, uplift (goods, persons), ingaither (money)

collection mengie

collective gaithert thegither

college college

colour colour

colourless peelie-wallie

comb kaim

combine gae thegither

come come

comfortable couthie, bien

comment observe, speak

commerce commerce, merkat, traffeck

commit dae, cairrie oot

committee comatee

commodity commoditie, throu-pit, guids, graith common cowmon, coorse

common sense smeddum, mense, rumgumption

commonly fur cowmon

commotion stramash, rammie

communicate communicate, traffeck

community communitie

company companie, gaitherin (of people)

compare compare, even (wi), liken wi

comparison compare

compel, make gar

compensate pey aff, gie back

compensation mends

compete, competitive compete, kemp, fecht, fen

competition competeetion

competitor competitor, parteecipant

complain, complaint compleen, chin, girn, peenge, mump, channer, yammer complete hail

completetely fair, hail(lie)

complicated complicatit, fikie, pernickitie, crank, a fankle

comply with bide by, complouter

component pairt

comprise makkit up o, conteen, kivver

computer computer

concentrate concentrate

concern anxeeitie

concerning anent

concert ceilidh (Highland music)

conclude en, feenish, hap up

condition condeetion, bien (in good condition)

condemn doom

conduct conduck

conference collogue

confess awn, gie in tae

confidence, have confidence in hae lippin in confident croose, heid-heich

confidential parteeclar

confine cruive (lit pen in), tether

confirm confirm

conflict kemp

confront face up tae, meet heid on

confuse confeise, bumbaze, raivel

confused bumbazed, drumlie, raivelt, peerie-heidit

confusing raivelin

confusion mixter-maxter, throuither

congratulations congratulations

connect, connection conneck

conscientious eydent

conscious awaur

consent permeeshion, gree

consequence(s) efterins, eftercast



consider conseeder, think on

considerable gey, braw

considerably queer, gey

consist be makkit (up) o

constituency constituency

consolidate gae thegither, jine

conspicuous kenspeckle

conspire collogue

consolation consolement

construct big, mak, pit up

consult collogue, inquire at, speir at

consumer, consumer

consumption consumtion, yiss

contact contack

contain conteen, haud

contented cantie, fine, saitisfee'd, joco

context context, settin, seetiation

continent continent

continue conteena, cairrie on

continuously ivver an on, even on

contract contrack

contradict conter, conterdick, na-say

contradiction na-say

contribute contribute, eik, gie, pit in, hae a say

control control, owerance, pooer

convenient hantie

convention stannert, collogue, git-thegither

conversation conversation, cantation, blether, crack

convert convert, chenge

convince talk intae, perswad

cook cuik

cool cuil, caller

cooperate cooperate, complouter

coordinate coordinate, guide, bring thegither cope haunle, dale wi

copy copie

corner gushet, neuk (inner)

correct correck

correspond correspond, scrieve, aqual

cost chairge

cosy couthie, bien

cottage (small rural) but an ben, bothie

cotton wool cotton oo

cough hoast, coaf

council cooncil

could cu(i)d

count coont

counter coonter

country kintra, landwart (rural)

county coontie

course, of course coorse, o/in coorse

court coort, gang oot wi, winch/wench

courtesy mense

cousin kizzen

cover kivver, hap

covered happit

cow coo, kye (pl)

coward feartie, cooard

cowshed byre

crack creck, hack (in the skin caused by cold)

crane cran

crash crash, stramash

crazy gyte, radge, awa in the heid, doolallie, bammie (coll) cream ream

crease bumfle (bumfled up:creased), pook (crease or tuft on clothing), runkle

create create, mak, big

creature craitur, baist, shargar (puny creature)

credit credit, tak on (buy on credit)

crematorium crem(mie)

crime crime

criminal creeminal

cringe creenge

crisis (pl. crises) crisis

critic creetic

critical creetical, nippetie (sharply critical), tak a swatch o (critical look)

critique scance

crop crap

cross cross, plet (legs)

crouch hunker doon

crowd crood, boorach, thrang, clanjamfrie (rabble) crowded ho(a)tchin, stowed oot, thrang

crown croon

crucial creetical

cry greet, bubble (snivel), blirt (burst into tears), baw cuddle bosie, coorie (doon)



cuff, off the aff-luif

culture cultur(e)

cup cup, biccar, tassie (ceremonial)

cupboard press, bunker (kitchen cabinet)

curling (Scottish winter sport) curlin

curious kerrious

curling match bonspeil

currency siller

current current, the noo

curriculum vitae (c.v.) curriculum

curtains hingers

custom custom, haunt (habit)

customer customer

customs customs

cut cut , sned, snib (cut short)

dad paw, da

daft gyte

dagger dirk (part of Highland dress)

daily ilka day

damage skaith, blaud

dance birl, fling (vigorous), the jiggin (dancing) reel (Scottish)

danger, dangerous dangerous, uncannie, unchancie

dare daur

daring gallus

dark daurk/derk, mirksome, mirkie

darkness mirk

data data

date date, tryst (meeting)

daughter dochter

day day

daybreak, dawn skreich o day

daydream dwam (in a)

dead deid

deadline deidline

deaf deif

deafen deave

deal dale, mell wi

dear dear

death daith

debit debit

debt debt

decade daiken

decay moolder

deceit cheatrie, joukerie, deceiverie

deceitful sleekit, patterie

deceive begeck, begowk, swick, jouk

December December

deception swick, begowk

decide decide

decision deceesion

declare speak oot, anoonce, depone

decline dwine (e.g. health)

decoration whigmaleerie, decorement

decrease dwine

dedicate dedicate yersel, gang hail-heidit fur, stick in wi deduce jalouse

deduct tak awa

deep deep, howe

deepest benmaist

defect defeck

defeat defait, tankin, gubbin (heavy)

defend, defence fen(d)

defiant forritsome

deficient scrimpit

deficit shortfa(w)

definite exack

definition defineetion

degrade bemean

degree degree

dejected disjaskit, dowie

delay pit aff, pit back, taigle

delegate haun ower, fairm oot, memmer (n)

delete delete, remuive, rub oot

deliberately deleeberate-like, wi forethocht delicate dowie

delicious deleecious

delight delicht, lichtsome

delightful lichtsome

delighted hert gled

deliver deliver, bring, cairrie, haun ower

demand deman(d)

demented gyte

democracy democracie

demonstrate shaw

demoralise bemean

denounce miscaa

dense thrang

dent dunt

deny na-say

dentist dentist



depart depairt, leg aff (coll)

department depairtment

depend depen, lippen (depend on)

deposit deposit, depone

depressed disjaskit

depressing, gloomy dreich

depth depth, deepens

deputy depute

derogatory doon-pittin

descend gang doon, spring frae (descend from), dreep (lower yourself with your arms)

descentant affspring

describe describe, depick

deserve ocht tae hae

design design, maik

desire wiss, ettle aifter (strongly)

desk desk

destination destination, en(d)

destroy, destruction destroy, hash

destruction ruinage

detail detail, aspeck, fack, pint, oots an ins (details)

determined strang-minded

detest laith

detestable laithsome

detriment hairm

develop develop, growe

development development, ootcome, oncome

devil deil, Auld Nick

diagram drawin

dialect dialeck, by-leid (specific term for Scots dialects) dialogue crack

diarrhea the skitters, the scoots

dictionary dictionar

die dee wi (of)

different different, unalike

difficult defeecalt, fykie (tricky)

difficulty defeecaltie

dig howk

digital digital

dining room dinin room

dinner denner

dip dook

direct direck

director director

direction airt

dither swither

dirty clartie, minkie, maukit or boggin (very dirty), broukit (soiled)

disadvantage disadvantage

disappear disappear, vainish, dwine

disappoint disappint, gunk, begeck, lat doon, begeck, stammiegaster (badly)

disappointing chawsome

disappointment dunt

disaster disaster, mishanter, stramash

disbelieve misbelieve, misdoot

discount discoont

discover discover, fin(d) oot, lairn

discuss discuss, blether aboot

discussion cantation, communin

disease disease, smit (minor: git the smit)

disgusted scunnert

disgusting scunner(some), lowpin, bowfin, gowpin, mankie

dish dish, ashet (serving dish)

dishearten disherten

dishonest unhonest

dismantle tak apairt

disorder carfuffle

dispatch sen(d) aff/oot

display shaw

dispose get redd o

dispute differ, argie-bargie

disrespect disrespeck

dissatisfied no taen wi, miscontentit

distance distance, lenth

distinct veeve, clair

distinctive wan-aff, kenspeckle

distribute distreebute, dale oot, haun(d) oot district destrick, kintra

distrust distrust, mislippen

disturb fash, strart (startle)

disturbance stushie, rammie

ditch, drain stank, sheuch, cundie, syver/brander (drain cover)

dither swither

dive dook

divert redireck

diverse sindrie

divide sin(d)er, twine

divulge lat ken



divorced divorced

dizzy, dizziness deezie, mirligoes

do(es), don't dae

doctor doacter

document document

dodge jink, jouk (also to cut in front of someone in queue)

dog dug, tyke, messan (mongrel)

dole (unemployment benefit) b(u)roo

domestic hamelie, faimlie

dominant owergauin

dominate owergang

donation handsel, compliment

door door

double dooble

doubt doot

doubtful dootsome

down duin, doon, duin by (down there)

downright doonricht, evendoon

downstairs doon the stair

downwards doonwi

dowry tocher

draft ootline, roch copie, scroll

draw draw

drawing drawin

drawback doonside

drastic drastic

dread dreed

dream dream, dwam (daydream)

dreary dreich

dress dress

dribble slabber

drink drink, tan (drink quickly), bev(vie), swallae (alcoholic, also a drinking session), sesh (a drinking bout)

drip dreep

drive drive, caw

drop drap, tait, blob, fling (e.g. a boyfriend)

drown droon

droppings (cattle) sharn, jobbies

drug(s) drog(s)

drunk weel-on, pisht, bleezin, f(o)u (as a puggie / piper), blootert, smeekit, bevvied, fleein, guttert, miraculous (very), steamin, wellied, steamboats, stotious, wastit, oot o yer box, greetin fu, paralitic, roarin, blitzt, ridiculous, iled up, mad wi it

dry dry, drouthie (e.g.thirst, weather), hert-dry (dry as a bone)

duck deuk (n), dook (v), jouk (v)

due due, owin, ootstaunin

dull dreich, dour, dowie, blate (person), fushionless (writing etc), loorie (sky) dump cowp (n), plank (v)

duplicate dooble

duration lenth

during throu

dust stoor

duster cloot

duvet, continental quilt downie

dynamic acteeve, gae-aheid, fu o virr

each ilka

ear lug

earlier aulder (i.e. times)

early airlie

earn (y)earn, win

earth yird

east aist

Easter Pace

easy easie, stracht-forrit, semple, a skoosh (coll)

eat aet

ecology ecologie

economy, economic(s), economie

economical chaep

edge edge, lip (pond etc)

education eddication, buik-lair

effect effeck, ootcome, gear (personal effects)

effective feckfu, yissfu

efficient feckfu, eydent

effort ettle (attempt), wark, fash, a sair fecht (hard effort)

egg egg

eight aicht, aucht

eighteen auchteen

eighty auchtie

either aither

elastic leskit

elbow elba(e), elbuck

elect eleck

election election

electric, electrical electric

electrician electrician

electricity electricitie, leckie



electronic electronic

elegant gentie

element element, pairt, aspeck

eleven aleeven

eliminate get redd o, dae awa wi, remuive

eloquent glib-gabbit

else else

embarrassed affrontit, hae a beamer or riddie (red face), black-affrontit (very embarrassed) emerge come oot, kythe, come intae sicht, come forrit

emergency emergencie

emphasise emphasise, pint oot, unnerline

employ (use) wirk wi

employ (someone) employ, tak on

empty empie, tuim/teem, boss

enable enable, alloo

encourage forder, herten, gie a lift tae

end en(d)

endeavour ettle (v), unnertakkin (n)

endure thole, bide, dree

enemy enemie, unfreend

energy virr, birr

engaged trystit

engine ingine

England Englan(n)

English English, Sasunnach

English, Scottish Soothron

enjoy tak pleesure in, git pleesure frae

enlarge gowe, braiden

enormous muckle

enough eneuch

enquire speir

ensure mak siccar

enter enter, intil

entrance wey in, ingait, ingang, close (to a tenement block) enterprise ploy, han(d)lin, unnertakkin

entertain enterteen

enthusiastic hail-hertit, fu o birr

entire hail, fu

entitle(d) enteetle

envelope envelope

environment enviornment

equal, equivalent a(i)qual, eeksie-peeksie, equal-a(i)quals, the marra o equipment graith, gear

equivalent aqual

errands, do the messages, dae the

error mistak, in a mistak (in error)

escape win awa/oot

especially maistlie, parteec(u)lar

essential necessar, creetical

establish estaiblish

estimate jalouse

estuary firth

Europe Eurup

even e'en, eeksie-peeksie (e.g. shared out), eekies even though hoobeit

evening eenin, forenicht

event event, ongauns

eventually at the hinneren(d)

ever iver

every, everybody ilka, iverie

everyday ilkaday

everyone a(w)bodie, ilka bodie

everything a(w)thing

everywhere aa wey, aa gait(s), ilka gait

evidence evidence, pruif, facks

evident weel seen

exact, exactly exack, nate

examine, examination exaemin, exem, leuk, tak a scance o

example example

exceed gang ower

excellent braw, stoater or belter (an excellent thing)

except, exception excep, forby

exceptional by-or(di)nar

excessively owerlie

exchange exchenge, troke, niffer

excite kittle

excited excitit, up tae high doh, het up

exciting excitin, stirrin

exclude keep oot, lave oot

exclusive alane (comes at the end of the phrase) excrement shite, keech, jobbie (a stool), sharn (cows)

excuse excaise

execute cairrie oot, effeck, pit tae daith

exercise exerceese

exercise book, notebook jotter, copiebuik



exhaust exowst

exhausted, worn out wabbit, trauchelt, forfochen, puggle't (esp with heat), wastit

exhausting trauchlesome

exhaustion wabbitness

exhibition exhibeetion

exist exist

exit ootgang

expand, expansion hove (swell), rax (stretch), big up expect expeck, doot

expedition expedeetion

expensive expensive

experience expairience

experiment experiment, try-oot

expert expert (n), expert (adj), cannie

expire en, rin oot, dee

explain, explanation explain, gie details, mak clear, accont

exploit exploit, splore, yaise, mak yiss o, mak the maist o, tak advantage o

explore reenge, see the sichts, fin(d) oot aboot

export export, sell owerseas

express, expression express, ettle at

extend, extension rax (v), eik (n)

extent, extensive amoont, stent (limit), kinnaweys/some (to some extent) extract howk oot, pou oot

extraordinary byordinar, extraordinar

extremely unco, gey, verra, awfie, richt, terrible, sair eye ee (pl een), blinker, wick (corner of eye), keeker (black eye), seepie-mannie (speck in the eye)

eyebrow (ee-)broo

eyelash blinker, breer

eyelid ee-lid, winker

face face, pus (coll)

facility proveesion, abeelitie

fact fack

factor aspeck, rizzon

factory factorie

fad whigmaleerie

fade dwine

fail fail, fooner

fair, fairly jonick (just), middlin, equal-aquals (fair shares)

faithfull faithfu, leal

fall fa(w)

false fause

familiar fameeliar, weel-kent

family faimlie, kin

famous weel kent, faur kent

far faur

fare chairge

farm fairm, croft (small Highland farm)

farther faurer.

fashionable, fancy fantoosh, patterie

fashioned, old auld-farrant

fast fest, swith, gleg

fasten steek, fessen

fat creesh (n), bowsie (adj)

father faither, da, paw (fam)

fault faut, blame

favour favour (v), obleegement (n)

favourite favourite

fear fear at, dreid

feasible faisible

feature aspeck, merk

February Februar

fee chairge

feed feed

feel feel, fin(d), conseeder

feeling feelin

fellow, bloke cheil

female female

fester beil

few few/fyow, puckle, twa-three (a few), a wheen

fiddle footer, ficher

fiddly a footer, footerie

fidget fidge, hotch (impatiently)

field field, pairk, loanin

fifteen feifteen

fifty fuftie

fight fecht/ficht, rammie (brawl), swedge, square go (stand up fight between two people) figure feegur

file file

fill fou

film film

firm firm, stieve (adj)

final, finally laist, hinermaist

finance finance



find fin(nd)

fine braw

finger finger, pinkie (little finger)

finish feenish, en(d), lowsin/yokin time (finishing time at work)

fire fire, lowe (flame), ingle (hearth)

firm firm

first first

fist nieve

fish fish/fush

fish and chip shop chippie, chipper

fist nieve

fit fit five five

fix sort, pit richt, stell (in position)

flame lowe

flat flet (adj), flat, hoosie, single en (one room appartment) flatter fleetch

flavour flavour, saur

fleece jacket fleecie

flexible, flexitie soople, swack

flight flicht

flood flude

floor flair

flourish flourish, bluim, dae weel, mak oot

flow pirr, rin (water)

flower flooer

flu the flu

fluent, fluency gabbie, glib

fluff, fluffy oose, oosie

fly flee

fly, zip spaiver or ballop (in trousers)

fog rouk, haar (sea fog)

follow follae

fold, folder fauld, faik (cloth), flype (fold back), plet (arms)

fond fain tae/o, keen o, daft aboot

food fuid, scran (coll), maet (lit)

fool begowk (v), fuil, daftie, gowk, gumph, neepheid, bam(pot), bamstick, coof foolish menseless

foot f(u)it (pl feet), luif (animal)

football fitba(w)

footpath fitpad

for fur/for

forbid no lat, no alloo

forbidding atterie

force gar (v), force, birr (n)

forecast forecast, spae (lit)

foreign furrin, fremt

foreigner furriner

forest forest, wuid

forgive forgie

fork fork, graip (garden)

form furm

formal, formality formal

fromer ae-time, umquhile

fortnight fortnicht

fortunate, fortunately happie, cannie

forty fortie

forward forrit

foundation foon(d)

four fower

fourteen fowerteen

fragile nesh

frank fair-spoken

fraud swick, cheatrie, intak

freckle ferntickle

free free, quat o

freedom freedom

free-for-all rammie

freezing jeelin

frequent reglar, cowmon, ilka day

fresh caller

Friday Friday

friend freen(d), billie (esp workmate), fere (comrade), cronie

friendly freendlie, guidwillie, couthie, git on (be friendly) friendship freenship

fright, frighten fleg, gliff, fley, frichten, fricht

frightening fleysome

frog puddock

from f(r)ae

front front, foreside, fore-en(d)

frozen jeelt

fruit fruit

fruit machine puggie

fuel fuel

full f(o)u, stowed oot (full of people), stappit / foonert (stuffed full)

full stop period

fun fun, ploy (n)

funfair shows



function function

fund foon(d)

funny funnie, divert, unco or fremmit (strange)

furious bealin

furnish, furnished plenish (a house)

furniture plenishin, haudin, hoose-gear

further forder

fuss carfuffle

future future, futher

gain win

game gemm

gap gap, slap (in a hedge, fence etc)

garage garage

garden gairden

gas gas, peep (small jet of gas)

gasp pech

gate yett

gear graith

general general, braid, owera(w)

generally maistlins

general store jenny aw things

generate, generation generate, mak

generous hertie, fouthie

gentle douce

genuine jonick

get get/git

ghost bogle, banshee (female spirit), boodie

giggle snicher

girl lassie, quine

girlfriend burd (coll)

give gie, see (hand me)

glad gled, blithe

glance keek, swatch, blink

glass gless

glitter glent

gloves mits, pawkies (woolen)

go gang, gae, go (in phrases e.g aa the go,

square go) goal goal, ettle (aim)

God Goad, the Almichtie

gold gowd

golf gowf

golf course gowf coorse, links (if by the sea)

good guid, braw, barrie (very good/attractive)

goodbye guidbye

goods guids

gossip clishmaclaver, claivers

government government

gradual slaw(-like), reglar, ongaun

graduate graduate

gram gram

grammar gremmar

grand gran

grandfather granda, auldfaither

grandmother grannie, auldmither

grant grant

graph, graphics graph, graphics

grasp gresp

grass gress, girse

grateful gratefu

grave frichtsome (adj)

grazed skint (e.g. knee)

grease, greasy creesh, creeshie

great gret, muckle, rare (excellent), crackin, barrie or mintit (coll)

green green

grey gray

grim dreech

ground grun(d)

group group

grow growe

grumpy, bad-tempered carnaptious

grunt grumph

guarantee uphaud

guard gaird

guess jalouse

guest, guest house guest, guest hoose

guide guide, airt (give directions)

guilty guiltie, hae the wyte o

gun gun

gutter stank, cundie (street), rone (on roof), rone pipe (down pipe from a rone) gym shoes (plimsolls) gutties, sannies,

jimmies habit habit

haggle prig

hair, hairdresser herr

half hauf, haufers (shared cost)

halfway haufgait, haufwey, hauf-roads

hall ha(w)

hand haun(d), aff-luif (offhand)

handy haundie



handkerchief naipken

handle haunle

hang hing

happen happen

happenings ongauns

happy blithe, cantie (cheerful), joco (satisfied)

hard hard, defeecult, sair (i.e. work), sair aff (hard up) hardly scantlins, barelies

harm hairm

harassed trauchelt

harvest hairst

hat hat, caip, (cap), bunnet (esp flat cap), glengarry (military cap), tammie (wollen beret), toorie bunnet (wollen hat with a bobble)

hate hate, ill-wull

haul humph

have hae, hiv

he he

head heid, pow

head butt stick the heid in, gie a Glesca kiss (popular Scottish fighting style)

headlong ramstam

head over heels heelster-gowdie

headache sair heid

health heal(th), weel-bein

heap haip, hushock, rickle

hear hear

heart hairt/hert

hearth, fireplace ingle

heat hait, het (heated)

heavy hivvie

height hicht

hell hell

hello hullo, ay ay

help help, gie a haun tae

her her

here here

heritage heritage

hero hero

hers hirs

herself hirsel

hesitate swither

hide hide, plank (for later use), jouk (duck out of sight) hiding place hidie hole

high heich, high/hie

Highland Hielan

Highlander Hielanman, Hielen lassie

hill brae (hill is used more for mountains)

hilltop braeheid

him him

himself himsel/hissel

hinder taigle

hint hint

hip hurdie

hire hire

his his

history historie

hit hut, dunt, ding, skite, stookie, blooter or lamp (heavy blow), scud or sclaff (glancing blow), clowt

hobby hobbie

hobnail tacket

hold, hold-up haud

hole hole, bore

holiday ho(a)liday

hollow boss, tuim

home hame

homely hamit

honest jonick

hook cleek, heuk

hope howp

hopeful howpfu

horse horse, cuddie (also a donkey)

hospital ho(a)spital

hostile ill-wullie

hot het, scaddin (very), bilin (very)

hotel hottle

hour oor

house hoose, hoose-heatin pairtie (house warming party)

housemoving flittin

housewife wifie

housing estate (public) scheme

how hoo, whit wey

however hooivver

human human

humourous pawkie

hundred hunner

hungry hungert

hurry nash, ramstan (do hurriedly)

hurt skaith, wrang

hurting hurtin, nippin



husband (guid)man

hut bothie, shielin (shepherd's), howff (on an building site)

I A(h) (unstressed), I/Ah (stressed),

ice ice, frost

ice-cream pokey hat (cone), slider (wafer)

idea idea, conceit

ideal ideal, perfeck

identical sel an same

identity identitie

idiot ee(d)jit, daftie, gowk, gumph, neepheid, dunderheid

if (g)if (possible event), gin (when, whether, if only)

ignorant onlearit

ignore ignore, owerluik, (thraw a) deefie (coll)

ill ull, nae weel, hingin (ill-looking)

illegal no legal

image eemage

imagine imagine, jalouse

immediate, immediately richt noo, richt awa

impact impack

imply imply

import inbring

important important

impossible impossible, oot the windae (coll)

impression unnerstaunin

impromptu aff-luif

improve impruive, better

impudence snash, backjaw

in in

inbuilt inbiggit

inclination inklin

include include, kivver, tak in

income income

incompetent feckless

incorporate eik in

increase eik

increasingly mair an mair

incur win

indeed atweel

independent independent

indicate pint tae, pint oot, shaw

indirect roondaboot, waunnerin, stravaigin

individual individual, a boadie

industrious eydent

industry industrie

infect infeck, smit

infectious smittin

inferior puirer

infected, septic atterie, beelin

infested hotchin, lowpin

influence pooer, wecht

inform lat ken, clype on (tell tales)

information information, wittin(s), speirins initial forehaun, first

initiative plan,ploy, projeck

injection jag

injury skaith

innermost benmaist

innovate innovate

input inpit

inquire speir

inquisitive speirin

insane daft, gyte, awa wi't, awa in the heid

insect insect, beastie (coll)

insert pit in, eik

inside inower, intil, in o, inby, ben (esp. a building)

insipid fushionless

insist threap (at)

insolent braisant

inspect leuk, see, sicht, vizzie

install pit in, moont

instead insteid

institute, institution institute

instruct teach, lairn

instrument instrument

insure, insurance insure

integrate pit thegither, jine thegither, eik

intelligence gumption, mense

intelligent mensefu

intend, intention ettle, mint

intense strang, pooerfu

interesting interestin

interfere middle wi

international internaitional

interpret unnerstaun, tak

interrupt brak aff, brak in, talk ower

interview meetin, blether



into inti(l)

intricate kittle, fykie

introduction innin

invent invent, cleck

inventory leet

invest invest, spen(d), pit in

investigate leuk intae, speir oot

investigation speirins

invite, invitation biddin, inveet

invoice invice

involve insnor

Ireland Irelan(d), Elan(d)

iron airn

irregular orra

irrevocable bindin

irritate scunner

irritation scunneration

island island

isle isle

issue issue, maitter, pint

it hit

itch(y) yeuk(ie)

itself (h)itsel, (h)its lane (by itself)

item airticle

jacket jaicket

jail jile

jam jeelie

jar jaur

January Januar

jealous jeelous

jeans denams

jeer at heckle

jersey/jumper (sweater) gansie, mawsie (thick)

jet jet, skoosh (of liquid), skoosher (windscreen washer) job jo(a)b, poseetion

join jine

joiner jiner

joint jint, cowmon

joke joke, baur (esp. practical or situation)

jostle rummle

judge judge

jug joug

juice juice

juggle joogle

July Julie

jumble jummle, clanjamfrie, mixter-maxter, heeliegoleerie

jump lowp

June Juin

just juist

justify justifee, gie a (guid) rizzon fur

keen fain (o), hyte, dedicatit, aa/on fur (keen on)

keep keep , haud ontae

key key, check

keyboard keybuird

kick kick, blooter (kick wildly)

kill kill, murther

kilogram kilogram

kilometre kilometre

kind kin(d), guid-willie, kinna (kind of), akin kind (every kind of) king keeng

kingdom kinrik

kiss winch, cheeper (light)

kitchen kitchen, scullerie

knife knife, gullie

knock chap

known, widely known kent, faur kent, weel-kent, kenspeckle

know ken , knaw

knowledge kennin, wittin(s)

lab (oratory) lab(oratorie)

label label

labour lawbor

lack want

lady leddie

lake loch, lochan (small)

lamb lamb, lammie

lamp lamp, leerie

land lan(d)

landlady lanleddie

language language, leid (literary, often used specifically for the Scots language)

large muckle, lairge

last last, hin(d)maist, lest (v), haud oot

last, at at lang lenth

latch sneck , snib

late late, ahin-haun

later efter, ahin-haun

latter hinner

laugh la(u)ch, gang intae kinks (heartily)

launch stairt



laundry laundrie, steamie (old-style public laundry)

law, lawsuit la(w), guidson (son in law), guidbrither/seester (brother/sister in law)

lawn green

lawful lawfu

lawyer lawer

lazy sweir(t)

lead lead

leaflet leaflet

learn lairn

least least

leasure leesure

leather leather, ledder

leave lea(ve), shoot the craw (coll)

left left, corrie-haundit/fistit (left-handed)

leg leg, shank

legal legal

legitimate lawfu, richtfu

lemonade skoosh

lend len(d)

length lenth

less less

lesson lesson, cless

let lat

letter, letter of credit level scrieve

level level, e'en, snod

liable accoontable, like eneuch

library leebrarie

licence leeshence

lid lid, tap, kivver

lie lee on (about), lig (rest)

lie in (bed) lang lee

life life

lift lift, hurl (ride in a vehicle)

light licht

like lik(e)

likely like (eneuch)

limit leemit

limp hirple

line line

line, in line with conform wi

link cleek

liquid liquid, bree

list leet

listen hark tae, tak tent tae

literacy leeteracie

literary leeterarie

little wee (adj), bittie (n), tait (n)

live leive, stey or bide (reside), belang tae (a place)

liveliness smeddum

lively cantie

living leevin

living-room leevin-room

load laid

loan len, shottie (brief loan of something)

loath(e) laith, sweirt

lobby entrie

local hame-aboot, hameart

locate fin(d)

location poseetion, settin

lock lock(fast), snib (with a bolt), sneck (door catch) locked lockfast

logical rizzonable, soon(d)

logo logo

lone lane

lonely lanelie, lanesome

long lang

look leuk til/to, gawk (stare), hae a swatch (have a look at), hain (look after), edgie (keep a look out) loose lowse

lorry larrie

lose tyne, loss, gae wrang (lose one's way)

loss lo(a)ss

lot of, a a hantle o, an awfie/awfu

lot, the the hail jing-bang/bangshoot

loud lood

love luve

low law, laich

lowland lawlan(d), lallan

loyal leal, thirlt tae

loyalty lealtie

luck luck

luck, bad misluck

lucky cannie

lunch break piece-brek, piece-time

machine machine, ingine

machinery graith

mad gyte, radge

magazine magazine

magnificent magneeficent, ferliesome

mail post



main main, heid

maintain uphaud, conteena, cairrie on,

major muckle

majority feck, maist, maist feck

make mak

male male, he

malevolent ill-willie

malt whisky maut whisky

man man (pl men), mannie

manage manage, manish, direck, admeenister, get (manage to) manager manager, heid bummer (coll), him/hersel

man-hour man-oor

manner mainner, gait

manpower man pooer

manual manual, haunbuik

manufacture manufacture, mak

many monie a, a wheen

map map, caird/cairte

marble (children's toy) bool, jorrie

March Mairch

mark merk

market merkat

marriage mairriage

married to mairrit on(tae)

marry mairrie, get wad wi

marvel mervel

master maister

match maik (equal), lunt/spunk (for lighting)

material material, claith, maitter

matter, it doesn't maitter, ther's nae

maximum maximum, (ut)maist, leemit

may micht

May Mey

maybe mibbie

me me

meal male

mean (adj) grippie (adj), ticht (adj), meeserable (adj), ettle (v) meaning meanin

means means, foon(d)s, wey

meanwhile atweenhaun(d)s

measure meesure

meat mait, beef (butcher meat)

mechanic mechanic

mechanism intimmers

media media

medical medical

medicine medicine

medium middlin (size)

meet tryst, convene (a group)

member memmer

memo(randum) memo(randum)

mend men(d), sort

mention mention, mou

menu menu

merchandise guids

merchant daler

merge gae thegither

merry joco, cantie, croose, hertie

mess midden, guddle, bauchle, scutter, hushoch (heap), slaister (messy work)

mess about guddle, habble (v), scutter, slaister (messy work) message message,meanin, pint

metal metal

method road, gait, wey (o daein)

methodical purposelik(e)

metre metre

microwave pinger (coll)

middle mid(s)

midday twaloors, nuin

midnight midnicht

might maucht

mile mile

milk milk/mulk

million mullion

mind mind

mind, bear in keep mind o

mine (pron.) mine(s)

mine, mining mine, heuch

minimum meenimum

minister meenister

mingle mell

Prime Minister Prime Meenister, First

Meenister (Scotland) minor slicht, smaa

minority minoritie

minus minus

minute meenit, totie (size)

mirror seein/keekin gless

miscellaneous orra

miserable meeserable (also stingy)

miss miss



missing amissin, awantin

mistake mistak

mistaken up the sheuch

misunderstanding misken(nin)

mix mell

mixture maxter, mixter(-maxter), clanjamfrie (assortment of things)

moan girn

mob, rabble clamjamfrie

mobile mobile

mock geck at, gie a geck tae

moderate middlin (adj)

modern modren

modify, modification chynge

moment mament

moment, at the the noo

Monday Monday

money siller, bawbee (small amount)

monitor keep a ee on

month month

mood muid

moon muin

more mair

morning mornin, forenuin (late)

mortgage mortgage

most maist

mother mither

motion muivement, acteevitie

motive rizzon, objeck

motor motor, ingine

motorbike motorbike

motorway motorwey

mouldy foostie

mountain hill, ben, Munro (Scottish mountain over 3000 feet)

moustache mowser, tashie

mouth moo(th), gab, geggie (coll), gub (coll, also to hit in the mouth)

mouth organ (harmonica) moothie

mouthful moothfu, gubfu (coll)

move muve, jee, jink (move sharply), hash (move clumsily), wheech (move quickly)

movement muvement, acteevitie, scuil o thinkin

move house flit

much muckle, far ower (too much)

mud glaur

muddle bootch

muddy dubbie, clatchie, drummlie, glaurie

mum, mom maw, mam(mie), ma

murder murther

museum museum

music muisic

must maun

mutual jint, cowmon

my, myself ma

myself masel

naked scuddie, in the scud

name name, nem, gien name (first name)

nappy hippin (old towelling kind), cloot, skitterie hippin (dirty nappy)

narrow nairra

nasty naistie, scunnersome

nation na(i)tion

nationalist na(i)tionalist

nature, natural naiture

naturally naiturallie

navy navy

near na(u)r

nearly naur on, naur aboot

neat trig, dink, tosh

necessary necessar, needfu

neck craig

need need (requirement), want (lack), dae the turn (meet a need)

needle needle, wire (knitting)

negative contrair, agin, conter

neglect negleck

neglected disjaskit

negligent negleckfu

negotiate negotiate

neighbour neibour

neither naither

nephew nevoy

nervous nervish, timorsome

net net

network netwark

never niver, ne'er

nevertheless still an on

new new, split-new / brent-new (brand new)

news news, wittins

newspaper newspaper

next, next to neist

next Sunday Sunday first



nice braw

niece niece

night nicht

nightgown goonie

nine nine

nineteen nineteen

ninety ninetie

no na, nae (adj, adv), nut (emph)

nobody naebodie

noise noise, rammie, ricket, dirdum, yammer noisy roarie

none nane

nonsense haivers, blethers, slabbers, slavers

no one naebodie

nor nor

noon nuin, twaloors

normal normal, stannert, warldlik(e), reglar

north nor(th)

northern northren

nose neb

not no

note note

notebook jotter

nothing naethin, nocht, hee-haw (coll)

notice tak tent (v)

notify lat ken

novel new-farran(t), novelle (n)

November November

now nou, noo

now, just the noo

nowadays nooadays

nowhere naegait

nuclear nuclear

nuisance scunner, fash, vex, plaister

number nummer, hantle

nurse nurse

nut nit

object objeck

objective objecteeve, objeck, pynt

oblige obleege, gar

obligation obleegement

obsessed begottit

obstinate, perverse contermacious

obtain obteen

obviously clairlie, as plain as parritch, it's weel seen

occasion tid

occasional antrin

occupy occupee

ocean ocean

o’clock o'clo(a)k

October Octiber

odd orra

odd job man orraman

of o

of course in coorse

off aff

offend pit oot

offended be pit oot, be black-affrontit (mortified)

offer offer, bode

office office

officer officer, polisman/wumman

official offeecial, mannie (person in an official role e.g. the mannie fae the cooncil)

often aften, aft, a grate dale

oh och, ach

oil ile

O.K. OK, aw richt, guid

old auld, aul

on on

once ance, aince

once again aince mair

one ae (adj - only one), ane, wan (number)

one and the same sel-an-same

ongoing ongaun

onion ingan, sybie (spring onion)

only only, but

onwards forrit

open open , apen , ajee (ajar)

operate operate

operation operation

opinion opeenion

opportunity inlat (chance), scowthe (scope) oppose oppose, conter

opposition opposeetion

opposite opposeet, the contrair

optimistic howpfu, positeeve, bricht

optimum optimum

opt chuise

option chice, wale



or or

orange orange(r)

order ca(w) (drinks), order, redd up (put in order)

ordinary or(di)nar

organise organise, guide, admeenister

organisation seestem

origin origeen, springheid

original oreeginal

originally tae stert oot wi

ornament, knick-knack whigmaleerie

other ither

ought aucht, ocht

our, ours oor, wir (often when unstressed)

ourselves oorsels

out, out of work oot

outcome ootcome

outer space ooter-space

outside ootside, ootby, furth o, ootwi

outstanding ootstaunin, byor(di)nar

outlay ootlay, pey oot

outlet ootlat

outline ootline, scroll (draft)

output throu-pit

outstanding ootstaunin

oven ovven

over oot ower

over (too much) ower

overall oweraw

oversleep sleep in

overdraft owerdraft

overflowing reamin

overhead owerheid

overlook owerluik

overseas owerseas

overtake owertak, ding

overtime owertime

overturn, capsize cowp, whummle

owe awe

own awn (v), belang tae (v), ain (adj)

pack pack, stap (stuff)

packed stowed oot (e.g. a room)

packet packet

paddle paidle

page page

pail backet

pain steek (sharp), stoon or gowp or dirl (throb)

painful sair, lowpin

paint pent

pair perr

pajamas jammies

palm (hand) luif

pant pech

paper paper

parameter(s) leemit(s)

parcel paircel

parent pawrent

park pairk

part pairt

party pairtie

participate tak pairt, jine

particular parteeclar

partner pairtner

pass see or rax (hand over), owertak (vehicle), pit by (spend time)

passenger passenger

passport passport

past (a)yont (beyond), by (its best), efter (of hours), bygane (distant time)

pat (an animal) clap

path gait/gate

patient, be thole, forbear

pattern paittern

pay pey

paypacket pey-poke

peace peace, lown (also peaceful), greeable (peaceable)

peak tap(pietoorie)

pear peer

peep keek, keekhole (peephole)

pen pen, cruive (for animals)

pence pence

pencil pincil

penis whang, pintle, tossle, tadger, wullie, boabie

penny pennie

pension pension

people fowk

pepper pepper, spice

per, per annum per, per annum, ilka year

per cent per cent

percentage percentage

perfect perfit



perhaps mibbie, aiblins

performance performance, shaw, ack

period period

permanent permanent

permit, permission lat

permision permeeshion

perservere hing in

person, personal a boadie, sowl

persuade, persuasion perswad

pessimistic dowie

petrol petrol

phase phase

phone, mob(b)ie (mobile) phone, caw (v) , mob(b)ie (mobile)

photocopy photiecopie

photograph photie

piano piano

pick up uplift

picture pictur

piece bittie, tait (small piece), dod (also a dollop) pigeon doo

pile rickle (loose), bing (heap)

pill peel

pillow pillae

pimple plook

pin p(r)een

pint pint

pipe pipe

pity peetie

place airt, bit, stell

plan plan, ploy

plane plane

plant plant

plaster plaister

plaster cast (or similar) stookie

plastic plastic

plate plate, flet, ashet (large for serving)

platform platform

play play , daff

playful daffin

player player

plead prig

please, pleased please, pleesure

pleased with fair awa wi

pleasant couthie, leesome, bien, guidwillie

pleasure pleesure

plenty rowth, feck, lashins

plus plus

p.m. p.m., in the efternuin

pocket poo(t)ch

poem poem

poet poyet, makar

point, pointer pynt

poison pooshion

pole powl, stang

police, policeman polis (man/wumman)

policy policy

polite polite, mensfu

politics politics

poltical poleetical

pollute smit, fyle

pond dub, stank

pool puil

poor puir, pair, bauch (weakly), sair aff (hard up)

popular popuar, weel-likit, cowmon, aa the go population population, fowk

porridge parritch

pork pork

port port

portable porable, muivable

posessions gear

position poseetion

positive positeeve

possible possible, daeable, faisible

possibly mibbie, aiblins

post post, stob (fence)

postcard post-caird

postcode postcode

postman postie (coll)

post office post office

poster poster

postpone pit aff

pot pan

potato tattie

potential potential

potter about footer

pound poon(d) (money), pun(d) (weight)

poverty povertie, want

powder poother

power pooer

powerful pooerfu



practical practical, yuisefu

practice practice, rin throu, tradeetion

precedent precident

precious praicious

precise preceese

predict predict

prefer prefer

pregnant pregnant, wi bairn, up the kyte (coll), bairned (coll)

preliminary openin, airlie

premises biggin, grun(d)s

premium premium, tap, first-cless

prepare redd (up), ready (a meal)

present praisent, mindin (small), handsel (for a new house etc) the noo (time), the day (present time) president preses, convener

press press, chirt (squeeze)

pressure, stress thrang(itie)

pretend pit on

pretty bonnie, sonsie

prevent prevent, kep

previous airlier, aforehaun(d)

price price, chairge

prick dab, prog, jag

prickly jaggie

primary primarie

prime minister prime meenister

principal heid, heidmaist, rector (school)

principle principle, stannert

print prent

priority prioritie, richt o wey

prison jile, big hoose

private, privacy private

prize prize, winnins

probably like

problem problem, kinch, fankle

proceed, procedure gang/gae on, conteena, cairrie on

proceeds earnins

process process, throu-pit

produce produce, ootcome (n), pit thegither (v), mak

product product, throu-pit

productive productive, yuisefu

profession profession, line o wark

profit profit, earnins, ootcome

programme (U.S.: program) programme, ploy

progress progress (n), forder (v), oncome

project projeck

prominent kenspeckle

promise gie yer word/wird, unnertak

promote forder

prompt gleg, swith (quick)

pronounce pronoonce

proof pruif

proper (respectable) wicelike, richt

property propertie, haudin (held), gear (possessions)

proportion amoont, pairt

propose propone

proposal proposeetion

proprietor awner

prospect prospeck, ootluik

prosperous weel-daein, weel aff

protect proteck, fen(d), luik aifter, scug

protest protest, compleen, girn, peenge

proud pridefu, croose

prove pruve

provide provide, fend

pub howff

public, public relations public, cowmon

publicity publicitie

publish publish

puddle dub

puff waff

pull pu(l)

pullover gansie

punish punish, pey, sort

pupil scholar

purchase buy, coff, pey fur

pure pure

purpose mint, ettle

purse pootch

pursue follae

push pouss, putt

put pit

puzzle tickler (n), bumbaze (v)

qualify qualifee

quality qualitie, vaillie, cless

quantity amoont, nummer

quarrel carfuffle, argie-bargie, flytin, collieshangie

quarrelsome carnaptious, camsteerie



quarter quarter

quarterly ikla quarter

queen queen

question speir, question

queue queue

quibble cangle

quick gleg (person), swith, fly (drink)

quiet quate, douce (person), Wheesht! (Quiet!, Shhh!)

quite gey an, raither

quote quote

rabble clanjamfrie

race race

radio radio, the wireless

rail rail

railway railwey

rain rain / ren, teem, plump, blash, plooter / plowter (downpour) raise heeze

random random

range reenge

rapid fest, swith, gleg

rare rerr, antrin

rate, at any oniewey(s)

rather raither, geylies

rational rizzonable, wicelik(e) (person)

rattle blatter (also talk quickly 'rattle on')

reach reak, win at/tae, manage

reach out rax oot, rax ower

react reack, coonter

read read (pp read)

ready readie, aw set, busk (make ready)

real rael

really gey, verra, awfie, richt, unco

realise unnerstaun

rear hin(t)

reason rizzon, the wey at

reasonable rizzonable, wicelik(e) (person)

receipt receipt

receive be gien, obteen, accep

recent raicent, nae lang syne

recently shortlins, short syne

reception, recipient reception, walcome

recession recession, doonturn

reckon rackon

recognize ken

recommend recommend, propone, coonsel

record record

recover come roon, mak guid

recruit tak on

red r(e)id, beamer or riddie (red face)

reduce, reduction inlaik

redundant laid aff, oot o wark

referring to anent

reference(s) reference(s)

refined perjink

reflect refleck

refund repey, repeat

refuse refuise, knock back

refuse collector, bin man scaffie, midgie man

regarding (with regards to) anent

regard regaird

regarded as seen as, by habit an repute

regardless oniewey(s)

region kintra, countra, thareawa (in the region/area)

register pit doon fur

regret rue

regular reglar

regulation(s) regulation

reject rejeck

relapse back-gangin

relate relate, speak aboot

related kin, sib tae (related to)

relative faimlie memmer

release lowse

relevant relevant

reliable sicker, cannie (person)

religion releegion

reluctant sweir(t), thrawn, laith

rely on lippen

remain bide, stey

remainder lave

remark observe, sey

remarkable unco

remember mind (o/on)

remind remember, mind

remit remit

remote faurawa

remove remuve

rendezvous tryst

renovate replenish



rent rent

repair sort

repeat repeat, rame

repetition repeteetion, rame

replace replace, beet, pit back

reply repone -d, speak back

report report, hearin, clype (tell tales)

represent staun(d) fur

reputation reputation staunin

request speir, seek

require hae need o

research speirins

resemble tak aifter

reserve pit by, set by

reside stey, bide

resign demit

resignation demission

resource(s) resource

respect respeck, aa weys (in every respect)

respectable, refined douce

respected kenspeckle

respond respond, reack, coonter

response repone

responsiblity responsibeelitie

rest rest, lave (remainder), the lave o's (the rest of us)

restaurant restaurant

restrict restrick, scrimp

result ootcome, affcome, efterins (end results)

retirement retiral

return(s) gie back, gae back, retour, hamecomin

reverse owerturn, undae, turn roon(d)

review review, scance, reconseeder, gang/gae ower

revise revise, chenge, correck, impruive

revolve, spin birl

reward reward, peyment

rich weel-aff, bien

rid, get rid of get shot o

ride ride, hurl (in a vehicle)

ridge rig

ridiculous rideeculas

right richt, right

righltly richtly

rigmarole raible, lamgammachie

ring ding, dirl (continuous)

rinse syne oot, sapple, slunge (pour ot throw water over)

rip rieve

rise rise, gae up

risk risk

risky mishcanciie, unchancie

river river

road road, gait (way)

roar belloch

rob reive, pauchle

rogue skellum

role role, poseetion

roll (bread) rowe (v), bap (bread)

roof ruif, reef NE

room room, chaumer, scowthe (scope)

rope towe

rotate birl

rough roch, ramstoorie (rough and ready)

round roon(d)

route road, gait

routine or(di)nar, reglar, ilkaday

row stushie, stramash

royalties vall

rubber guttie, cahootchie, wellies (rubber boots)

rubbish rubbage, brock (domestic)

rubbish bin midgie bin

rubbish tip/dump/bin store midden

ruin ruin, rummle

rule rule

rumble rummle, curmurrin (stomach)

rumour clatter, souch

run rin

rural landwart

rush stour, wheech (move quickly), breenge (clumsy rush)

rust roost

sack seck

sad sad, dowie, dowf

safe sauf, siccar

safety sauftie

sail sail

salad salad

salary salarie

sale(s) sale

saliva slavers, slabber

salt saut



same same, siclike (the same)

sample swatch

sand sa(u)n

sandwich piece

satisfied saitisfee'd, joco

satisfy saitisfee

Saturday Seturday

sausage sassage(r)

save sauf, pit by, gaither (money)

saving(s) hainins

say say

scarce scrimp, jimp

scarcely scantlins

scare fleg (n and v)

scared feart (at / o)

scarecrow tattie-bogle

scarf sacarf, gravat

scene scene, sicht, prospeck, picter

schedule schedule

scheme scheme, seestem

scholarly scholar-lik

school schuil

schoolchildren schuil-bairns

science science

scientist scientist

scissors shears

scope scowth

Scotland Scotlan(n/d), braid Scotland (the whole of Scotland) Scottish Scottish

Scots Scots, braid Scots (dense spoken or written Scots) Scots language Sco(a)ts, Lallans (literary version)

scramble scrammle

scrape scart

scratch scart, claw (esp yourself)

screw screw

scrub scoor

scrutinise scance

sea sea

seasickness sea-wammle

seaweed tang

search rummle (search through clumsily), scoor aboot

season saison, tid

seat sate

second saicont

second-hand saicont-haun(d)

secret saicret

secretary secretar

section pairt

sector sector

secure sickar

security securitie

see see (pp saw), seen

seek seek, (hae a ) luik fur

seem kythe -d

seldom seendil

select wale

self sell

sell sell

send sen(d), pit awa

senile dottelt

sense sinse, mense (good sense)

sensitive nesh

sentence sentence

separate sin(d)er (v), sindrie (adj)

September September

septic, inflamed bealin

serious sairious

serve ser(ve), dae the turn (i.e. meet a need)

service service

session sittin, meetin

set set (pp set)

setback setback

settle sattle, redd up (affairs)

seven seeven

seventeen seeventeen

seventy seeventie

several severals, a wheen o, a nummer o, sindrie

severe snar, snell

sew shew

sex sex, hochmagandie, hae it awa wi (vulg), mell wi (euphemism), cowp (vulg)

sexual organs (female) fud (vulg)

shake, wobble shoogle, dirl, coggle

shall sall

shape shape, feegur, furm

share pairt, gae haufers (share the costs two ways)

shareholder sharehauder

sharp shairp, jaggie

shave shave



she she

sheep sheep, yowe

sheet sheet

shelf skelf

shelter beild

shift mudge (v), yokin (n)

shine leam, sheen, glent, beek (sun)

shiney glisterin

ship ship

shirt sark

shiver chitter (esp with cold), grue (with fear or disgust) shock stammiegaster, gliff

shoe shae (pl shuin)

shoot shuit

shop sho(a)p/shope

shop (general) Johnnie/Jennie awthings

shop assistant shop lassie/laddie

shopping messages

short jimpit, scrimp, cuttie (also a short person) shortlist short leet

shortage shortcome, inlaik

shortly shortlins

shorts shorts, trews

should shuid

shoulder shooder

shout shout, goller, roar

show shaw , lat ken

showy, ostentatious fantoosh

shower shooer

showroom shawroom

shove shoogle

shrewd pawkie

shudder grue

shuffle shauchle, bauchle (shuffle along), skliff (feet)

shut steek

shy blate

sick seek, boak (vomit), thaw a whitie (become suddenly ill) sickly unweel, peelie-wallie (slightly), hingin (coll)

side side, ajee (on one side)

sideways sidieweys

sigh souch

sight(s), sightseeing sicht(s)

sign sign

signal seegnal

signature signature

silent seelent NE

silly daft, daftie (silly person)

silver siller

similar, similarity siclike

simple semple

since sin, syne

sincere aefauld

sing sing, diddle (sing wordlessly)

single aefauld, ae, aesome, his/her lane

sink sink, jawbox (kitchen)

sir sir

sister sister

sit sit

site stance, steid

situation seetiation, settin

size size, bouk

six sax

sixteen saxteen

sixty saxtie

sizzle skirl

skill skeel, skeelie (skilled)

skilful skeelie

skin skin

skirt skirt

skull pow, pow an banes (skull and crossbones)

sky sky, lift (lit)

slang the patter (Glaswegian dialect)

slap skelp, scud

sleep sleep

slice scliff (also segment of an orange), whang (thick slice)

slide skite

slim smaa, malinkie

slip skite, slidderie or slippie (slippery)

slippery skitie

slipper baff(ie)

slogan slogan

slow slaw

sly slee

smack skelp, scud

smart smairt, snod (appearance), perjink, gleg (lively)

small smaa, wee, pickle (small amount), scootie, totie

smear slaister, slaiger



smell smell, ming (smell strongly), bowf (smell putrid), kneggum (foul smelling)

smelly bowfin, mingin

smile smile, smoo

smoke reek, smoor (dense)

smooth smuith, brent (face)

snack piece

sneeze gies

snow (-covered) snaw, snaw-happit (snow covered) so sae

soaked, drenched drookit

soap soap, sapple (lather)

social social

society societie

sock sock, stockin

soft saft

software saftware

soldier sodger

sole lane

solicitor (Brit.) soleecitor

solution solution, wey oot

solve sort

some, somebody som

someone somebodie, a bodie

something something

somehow somegait, somewey

sometimes whiles

somewhat a bittie

somewhere someplace

son sin, lad(die)

song sang

soon suin, belyve, whanivver (as soon as)

sore sair

sorry sairie, vext

sort like (type), redd up (v), whit like (what sort of)

soul sowl

sound soond

soup bree (thin), broth (thick)

sour soor

source source

south sooth

souvenir mindin

space space

spare spare, orra

spare time by-time

speak spa(e)k

special speecial, byordinar

specify, specific, specify, spell oot, gie

specification(s) specification(s)

speed speed, lick

spell spell , speel (time), cantrip (magic)

spend spen(d)

spill skail (also spill out of people, hence skailin time), splooter (esp when drinking)

spine rig

spirit smeddum (character)

spit slavers (n), gochle or hochle (v)

spite conter tae (in spite of)

splash skiddle, jaup, plowter (splash about), splooter (esp when drinking)

splendid splendant

splinter skelf, spelk

spoil spile, waste (e.g. a child)

spoon(full) spuin(fu)

sport sport

spot spot/spat, plook (pimple)

sprain rax, stave

sprawl sprauchel

spread spreid

spring ware

squint asklent, agley, skellie, skellie-ee'd (eye)

squirt skoosh

square square/squerr

stable sicker (adj), byre (n)

staff staff

stage stage, stap

stairs, staircase stair, up the stair (upstairs), doon the stair (downstairs), stair fit (bottom of the stairs), stair heid (top of the stairs)

stake stake, stob (fence post)

stamp (s)tramp

stand staun, stance (taxi stand)

standard stannert, staundart

star starn

stare glower, gowp

start stert , yoke tae (start work)

state state, sey, condeetion, poseetion, seetiation

station station

stationery stationery

statistics statistics, feegurs, nummers

status status, staunin, poseetion



stay stey, bide

steak collop

steal steal, pauchle, reive, wheech

steam steam

steel steel

steep stey

step stap

stern, humourless dour (pron '-oo-')

steward (ess) steward (ess)

stick stick

sticky stickie, claggie, cla(i)rty

stiff stieve

stiletto heels peerie heels

still still, yet, quate (adj)

stink stew

stir steer, gee/jee

stitch steek

stock stockin, haudin

stockholder stockhauder

stocking stockin

stomach stamack, wame, peenie, tumshie (tummy), kyte (paunch)

stone stane, chuckie (small stone)

stool stool, creepie (footstool), jobbie (excrement)

stop stop -pit

store, storage plank (store away)

storm snifter, blatter

story storie, crack

straight stra(u)cht

strange, stranger fremmit, ferlie (adj)

strategy strategie, ploy

stream (brook) burn

street street

street sweeper scaffie

stress stress

stretch rax

strict strick

strike strick

string towe

striped strippit

stroll dander, stravaig

strong strang

stubborn thrawn, carnaptious

structure makins

struggle chauve, a sair fecht, warstle

student student

study study, studied

stuff stap (v),

stupid daft, glaikit, donnert

style style, wey, mainner

subject subjeck

submit submit, gie in, accep

subsidy subsidie

substantial conseederable, lairge, muckle

substitute staun-in

subtract tak awa

suburb suburb, ootskirts

succeed succeed, forder, dae weel

success, successful success

such sic, siccan

suchlike siclike

suck sook

sudden suddent

sue sue

suffer dree, thole

sufficient suffeecient

suffocate smoor

sugar succar

suggest propone

suggestion pit forrit, pit tae

suit shoot

suitable mair liker

sulk, frown glunch

sulky pettit (adj), tak the doorles (v)

summary summarie, owerview, ootline, abstrack

sum soum

sum total the hail tot

summer simmer

sun sin

sunny sinnie

sunrise keek o day

sunset sindoon

sunshine sinshine

Sunday Sunday, Sabbath

supermarket supermerkat

supervise owersee, admeenister

supper sipper, tea (main evening meal)

supply supply, beet

support uphaud, haud wi

supposing see if

sure shuir/shair, siccar, certie (to be sure), mak siccar (make sure)



sure, make mak siccar

surface surface

surname surname/surnem

surpass ding

surplus left-ower, lave

surprise surpreese

survey scance, luik ower, vizzie

survive survive, leeve on, stey alive

suspect suspeck, doot, jalouse (v)

suspicion suspeecion

swallow swallae (also: a drink)

swear sweer

sweat sweit, plot

sweep soop (also a command in curling)

sweet hinnie, douce (person)

sweets sweeties

swim swim, soom, gang fur a dook

swimming trunks dookers, swimmies, (swimmin) cozzie

swindle sook

switch switch

sycophant sook

sympathy, show mak mane fur

system seestem

table buird

take tak

take-away (food, drink) cairrie-oot

takeover tak-ower

talk, chatter talk , blether, yatter, crack (n)

tall tall, lang

tangle taigle, fankle

tape measure inch tape

target target, prap

task trauchle (tiring task)

taste gust, pree (sample)

tax, taxation tax, stent

taxi taxi

taxi rank taxi stance

teach teach, liarn

tea tea, mask (make tea)

teacher dominie, maister

team, teamwork team

tear teir

tearful bubblie

technical technical

technician technician, techie

technique seestem, wey

technology technologie

tedious dreich

telephone telephone

television the television, televeesion, tellie

tell tell, clype (tell tales)

telling off in public row, sherrakin

temperature temperature, hait, cauld

temporary proveesional, fleetin

ten ten

tenant tenant

tend, tendency tend

tendency tendencie

tender frush (adj)

tent tent

term(s) tairm

terrible terrel, frichtsome, grievous (adv)

test test, pruive (v)

testicles stanes

text text

textile(s) textile(s)

than nor, as

thank, thanks thenk

that that, thon, yon (distant), at (conj)

those thae, thon, yon (distant)

the the

theatre theatre

theft lift their, theirs thair

them thaim

themselves thirsels

then than, syne (ago)

there thonder, therr

there is/are thare

therefore syne

these thae, thir, this

they thay

thick thick

thigh hauch

thin thin, spirlie (slender), shilpit (puny)

thingamajig thingie, whitdaeyecryit

thing thing

think think, doot

thirst, thirsty drouth, drouthie, droofin (coll) this this



thorough thorow

though tho

thought thocht

thousand thoosan(d)

threat threit

three three

threshold lintel

throat thrapple

throb stoon, gowp, dirl

through throu

throughout oot-throu, throu-oot

throw throw, hoy (also throw away), hurl, skite, weech

throw-in (football) shy

thumb thoom

thunder thunner

Thursday Thursday, Fursday

ticket ticket

tickle kittle

tidy redd (v), trig, tosh

tie wap (v), tie (n)

tight ticht, nippit (tight-fitting)

tights straits

till/until gin. or, tae

time(s) time, terr (a good time), timeous (in good time), taiglesome (time-consuming)

time, a long time ago lang syne

timetable timetable

timid blate

tin, tinned tin

tinker with ficher aboot

tiny wee, tottie, scootie

tip tap, cowp (v and n meaning rubbish tip)

tired wabbit, jiggert, knackt (coll)

title teetle

to ti(l), tae

tobacco tabacca(e)

today the day

together thegither

toilet lavvie, shitehoose or cludgie (coll), yuffie, wee hoose, chantie (chamber pot)

toilet tissue lavvie roll, cludgie roll (coll)

tolerate thole

tomato tamata

tomorrow the morn, the morra

tomorrow morning the morn's morn

ton ton

tonight the nicht

too tae, an a(w) (also), ower (exessively)

tool tuil, graith (tools)

tooth tuith, teeth (sing and pl), wallies (false teeth), chackers (coll)

toothbrush tuithbrush

toothpaste tuithpaste

top tap, heid o the brae (top of the hill)

topic subjeck, maitter

torch (pocket) blinkie

total total, hail, fu amoont

touch touch, dicht, tig, scuff, gliff (illness e.g. gliff o the caud)

tough teuch, thrawn (personality)

tourist tourist

towards til towel too(e)l, haun(d)-cloot

tower toor

town toon

town-dweller toonie, toonser

town hall burgh ha(w), Ceetie Chaumers

toy toy, geegaw (inexpensive)

track track, pad, loanin

trade tred, traffeck, traffeck(in)

trademark tredmerk

tradition tradeetion

traffic traffeck

trail along trauchle (also a tiring task)

train train/tren

trainers (shoes) trainies

tram tramca(u)r

tramp gaberlunzie, gangrel, dosser, traik (v)

transfer muive

transform chenge, mak ower

translate, translation owerset

transmit braidcast

transport convoy (v), cairrie, muive

travel traivel

treasure traisure

treasurer, treasury thesaurer

treat trait

tree tree

trend leanin, muivement

trendy fantoosh

trial trial, pruive (v)

trick pauchle, swick, jouk, cantrip (also a spell)



tricky fykie, footerie, skitterie, a scutter

trip trip

trolley (e.g. for shopping) barra

trouble fash, tra(u)chle, tribble

troubled drumlie

troublesome fashous

trousers troosers, breeks (also underpants), trews (tartan, part of Highland dress) truck larrie

true, truly true, richt, correck

trust trust, lippen (v)

try ettle ettelt, try, pree (taste)

tube tube

tug rug

tumble tummle

TuSSDay TuSSDay

turn birl (movement), turn (become), flype (inside out), shot (temporary use, go)

turnip neep, tumshie

turnover turnower

twelve twal

twenty twintie

twice twicet

twilight, dusk gloamin

twist skew, thraw, rax (a joint)

two twa

type type (n), kin(d), teep (letters)

typical teepical

tyre tyre

typical teepical

ugly ugsome, ill-faured, hackit (coll)

umbrella umberellae, gamp

unanimous unanimous

unattractive unbraw, nae bonnie, unbonnie uncle uncle

unconscious oot cauld

under unner

underground unnergrun(d)

underneath (in) ablow, (in) aneath

underpants breeks, keks (coll)

understand unnerstaun

understanding uptak, kennin

undertake unnertak

undertaking ploy, haun(d)lin

undo lowse(n)

unemployment benefit/office b(u)roo

unfit for no able fur

unfortunate misfortunat

unify jine

uninteresting dreich

union union, jynin

unique wan-aff

unit unit

unite jine

university uni(versity), college,

unkempt tous(l)ie (esp hair)

unkind coorse

unknown un(be)kent, nae kent

unless athoot

unlikely no like

unlucky unchancie, wanchancie, no chancie, misfortunat

unpleasant person skite

unpredictable kittle

unrelated fremmit

unreliable slidderie, kittle

unsatisfactory ill unsteady shooglie, cogglie

untidy throuither, like a midden, like Paddy's Mairket

untie lowse(n)

until till, or (before), gin

untrustworthy sleekit

unusual(ly) by-or(di)nar

unwary thaim that’s no cannie

up, upper up, upper

uproar stramash

upset cowp, rummle (a person), fyle (the stomach)

upside down heelster-gowdie, tapsalteerie upstairs up the stair

up-to-date modren

urban toon, citie

urgent pressin, creetical

urgently sair

us us

use,usage uise/yaise (v), uiss/yiss (n)

used to yaised wi

useful yuisfae

useless yissless

usually for ord(i)nar

vacant empie, tuim/teem

vacation ho(a)liday



vacuum cleaner vacuum, stoor-sooker

vain, smug vauntie, pridefu

valid valid, offeecial

valley howe, strath (wide), glen (steep)

value, value-added tax (V.A.T.) vaillie

valuable valuable

vary varie

various sindrie

vegetable vegetable

vehicle vehicle

venture coorse, unnertakin, projeck

verb verb

very, highly gey an, unco, verra, awfie, richt, fell

vest, t-shirt semmit

vibrate dirl

vicinity neibourhood, destrick

video video

view view, ootluik

village toon, clachan (small)

violate abuise, brak

violent violent, bang, wuid

virtual virtial

visa visa

vision veesion

visit, visitor veesit

vital gey important, creetical

vivid veeve

vocabulary vocabular, wird-huird

vodka voddie

voice vice

volume bouk (size), buik (book)

voluntary unpeyed

vomit boak (v and n)

vote vote

vulgar coorse

wage(s) wage, pey

wail skirl (bagpipes)

waistcoat weskit

wait bide, hing on, wyte (on)

waiter, waitress waiter/laddie, waitress/lassie

wake up wauken

Wales Wales

walk walk , traivel , daunder / toddle (stroll) wall wa(w), dyke (freestanding)

wallet wallet, pooch, sporran

wander daunder , waunner, stravaig

want want

war war/weir, fechtin

warehouse warehoose

warm warm, het, beek (yourself), mochie (weather)

warn wairn

wash wash, synd (superficial), sapple (wash by hand) waste waste, connach, dwine (waste away), skitter aboot (waste time)

waste time pit aff, play yersel

watch watch , hain, tak tent o (keep guard) leuk ower (protect)

water watter

waterfall linn

wave wave, wag (hand), waff (flap)

way wey, gate

W.C. waterie, cludgie (coll)

we we

weak waik, fushionless,

wealth walth

weapon wappen

wear weir

weather wather

web, the wab, the

website wabsteid, wabsite

wedding waddin, mairriage

WednSSDay Wadensday

week, weekday week/ook

weekend week-en

weekly ilka week

weigh wye, wey

weight wecht

weird unco, eldritch (scary)

welcome walcome

welfare welfare

well weel, aweel ("well.." ;to introduce a remark)

wellington (rubber) boots wellies

west, western wast

wet wat, weet, soomin (very wet)

what whit

wheel wheel

wheeze crichle, pech, wheezles (chest infection)

when whan

where whaur



whether whuther

which whit ane, whilk, that (rel pron)

while while, whiles, whilie (n)

whim whigmaleerie

whisper cheep

white white

who, whom wha

whoosh wheech

whose whase, that’s

whole hail, hail jing bang (whole lot)

wholly haillie

whisky whisky, dram (small glass), the craitur

whiz wheech

why hoo, whit wey, whit for

wide wide, braid

widespread faur an wide

wife (guid)wife, hersel, wumman, wifie (coll) wild wull

will, willing will

win win

wind, windy wun(d)/win

windy wundie

window winda(e), winnock

wine wine

winter wunter

wire wire

wipe dicht

wise wice, lang-heidit

wish wiss

wishbone thocht bane

with wi

within in o, inower

without athoot, wi'oot

withstand thole

wobbly shooglie, cogglie

woe betide wae betide

woman wumman (pl weemin), wifie (old

woman - coll), carline (old woman) wonder wunner, ferlie (n)

wonderful ferliesome, wunnerfu

wood, wooden wuid/widd, timmer

wool, woollen (w)oo

word word

work work, wark (n), chauve (hard work), darg (hard work), slaister or skiddle (messy work), intimmers (works i.e. mechanism)

worker, workman warker, warkie

workmate billie

worktop (in a kitchen) bunker

world warld

worry fash yersel, wirrie

worse waur, gae back (get worse)

worth worth

would wad

wrap hap

wrinkled (clothes) bumfled, runkled

wrist shackle

write scrieve, write

wrong wrang, gang agley (go wrong)

yard yaird

yawn gant

year year (pl year)

year, last fernyear

yellow yella

yes aye, och aye (yes indeed)

yesterday yestreen

yet yit

yoghurt soor dook (also a miserable person)

you you (stressed, pl youse), ye (unstressed yez)

young young

your, yours your (stressed), yer (unstressed) yourself, yourselves yersel

youth laddie

zero zero

zigzag jink

Key to abbreviations and symbols / alternative whole word spellings () alternative in-word spellings , alternative synonyms adj adjective pl plural v verb n noun rel pron relative pronoun

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