tÜrkİye cumhurİyetİ kalacak mi, yoksa kİmlİk mİ deĞİŞtİrecek?

8/3/2019 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ KALACAK MI, YOKSA KİMLİK Mİ DEĞİŞTİRECEK?

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tuerkiye-cumhuriyeti-kalacak-mi-yoksa-kimlik-mi-degistirecek 1/22

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]ÐYFķ_L H\AC\Yķ_L]ķ FN@NHNF AO; _KFXN DNYF@O IķY

FķA@ķĚL Aķ IÐYÐJLHLF;

‐I| ynuľyľ kf|ynj i|bðjðj ðjotlxo}l ôěljho`lo xkj|h| bôlioò‑

Wykd* My* Nò Mlaoyxk, Cnhl}}lwl Ðjotlyxo}lxo

Mðjnmn coâioy ð`fll jnxow kànnj ioy aoynxľaľu tny* Mðjnjľj

blâaośojml ioy ð`flml lj dnu`n ioy oawnyn}ky`|f f|y|à|ś* Xnmlhl

Njnmk`| }kwynf`nyľjmn ðâ oawnyn}ky`|f f|y|à|ś}|y*

Co}o} ķawnn}k`|ě|5 Io moěoaou lj lxfo oawnyn}ky`|f}|y* Fljmo

fnľ}`nyľjn bôyl moò, mojo tl ľyfľ lj nu ofo dnyf`ľ }kw`|`|f}nj k`|śa|ś}|y* AÔ

9777 ľ``nyľjmn lj lxfo Coj}!Nty|wn moò k`nynf ioòjlj Jlxohl #mncn xkjyn

Co}o}âl k`nynf ioòjoy/ moòjo fkj|śnj ioy }kw`|`|f, Nty|wn‟mnj Njnmk`|‟n

bôâ lmlylf lyò cn`f k`nynf ioòjlj tl unanj unanj ]ðyfâll nfľj

k`m|ě| o`lyo xðyð`lj, nb`|}ojnj} ioy mo` nwľxľ`n fkj|śnj Cn}}o ilòf`lyo

ðulyojml lblaljòf f|ya|ś`nymľy* Cn}}o`ly oxl, Nty|wn‟mnj i| bôâ

blàlmlj ôjhl, i|bðjfð Fnwnmkfn k`nynf ioòjlj n`nj o`l Fnynmljoufľľ`nyľjn fnmny k`nj ioy iô`blml lblalj`lymo* _njo i| oawnyn}ky`|f}n mo`

nwľxľ ioyioyojmlj âkf dnyf`ľ k`nj Co}o}`ly #ôu ]ðyfâl`lś}oyal xľynxľjmn

mo oaouml i| }kw`|`|ěn L}o ly mljmoxl ml âkf }|}|janmľ/ tl Cn}}o`ly

ioyòf}l nśnaľś}ľ* ķawnyn}ky`|f}n i| mo``lyoj njľ xľyn @|tonj #mncn âkf

mojo fkj|`nyľj moò/ tl Wn`n mo``lyo tl nyľhn fkaś| ð`fl`lyoj mo``lyo ml

fľxalj f|``njľàľś}ľ* _nuľmn mn ioy ið}ðj`ðf kf}|* Ylxao nuľśan`ny Nx|y #Nfnm/ âoto nuľxľ`n tl C|yyohl k`nynf ioòjlj ioy mo``l nwľ`ľyflj,

fniny}an`ny tl moěly nuľ`ny ioy âlśo} Colykb od #@|tonj mo ojoj ioy

`lcâlxo`l/ }nyuľ`n nwľ`ľkym|* Ioj`lyhl }njyľxľ k`nj tl il` o fo ioy

ið}ðj`ðf bôx}lyallj ioy moj nwľxľjn xncow}o*

Iounjx ķawnn}k`|ě|5 Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j AX 8?< ľ ľjmn

mkě| in}ľ mol nyľànxľ`n ky}nn âľf}ľ* O* Fkjx}nj}oj AX 887 ľ`ľjmn



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inśflj}o ioy _|jnj flj}o k`nynf io ojlj Iunj}ok‟n }nśľľw, flj}l

Fkjx}nj}ojkwkòx #Hkx}nj}ojkwkòx/ nmľjľ tlymo* Âkf }njyľ`ľ Ykan cn`f

mojojo iľynfnynf Cľyox}onj`ľěľ xlâ}o* Iounjx cly jl fnmny inśślcoyml

_|jnjhnľ mo`, Cľyox}onj`ľěľ mn moj k`nynf f|``njmľxn mn lblalj k`m|ě|

}kwynf`nymn âkf mo`òòf tl âkf mojòòf lblaljmo*

Cly jl fnmny moj ið}ðj`lś}oyoho ioy bôylt nwľky xndxn}nxľ nľànn

ân`ľśľ`ľkyxn mn, jl blâaoś}l jl ml bðjðaðuml clycnjbo ioy hkěyndn mn

iô`l ioy ið}ðj`lś}oyoho l}foxo bôyðàlaoś6 ðx}lòf }kw`|a`nyľj mkbanjľj

lxoyo k`nynf wnyân`nyn nyľànxľjn jlmlj kà|ś}|y* Ky}nâněľj fnynj`ľf

môjla`lyo }nyocoj lj ôjlaò nhľ k`n`nyľjn }njľf kà|ś}|y* \uněn bo}all

blylf kf, Ôj Nxn, Nynw }kw`|`|f`nyľ, cn}}n i|yj|a|u|j moiojmlfo

X|yol, Oynf, ķynj mojxl` nyľśanjľj wljâlxojml fľtynjľky* Iounjx‟ľj

ľfľaľ xľynxľjmn |`lanjľj ioy oějljoj |h|jmn fnâ al`lf ofnal} lmoky

xnľxľjľ }ny}ľś}ľěľ xô`ljoy*

Kxanj`ľ ķawnn}k`|ě|5 Ioòjmoěo boio ]ðyfalj bl`ljlěojmlj fôflj

n`nj tl Śnanjoua o`l kěy|à|ś ķx`na mojojo iljoaxlaoś Kxanjkě|``nyľ

ilòěo o`l inś`naľś, ķx}nji|`‟|j n`ľjľśľjn fnmny Kxanj`ľ Mlt`l}o k`nynf

lblalj kà|ś tl ķx}nji|`‟|j n`ľjľśľjmnj xkjyn mn Kxanj`ľ

ķawnyn}ky`|ě|jn môjðśaðś, >9?? #n mn >879/!>?99 ľ` nyľ nynxľjmn

lblaljòěojo xðymðyaðś ioy oawnyn}ky`|f}|y*

ķx}nji|`‟|j n`ľjľśľjn fnmny xnd mljlhlf ilòyò ioy mojl, ilòyò ioy mo`l

ilòyò tl ioy ľyfn xncow}o* ķx}nji|`‟|j n`ľjľśľjmnj xkjyn Iounjx‟ľj mlělyò

mlt`l} nmna`nyľjľ tl ioòa nmna`nyľjľ ôjl}oaojl fn}anxľ o`l njo ioy

nj`namn Iounjx ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j omnyo xox}laojo iljoaxlalxo`l

oawnyn}ky`|ě|j f|y|ànxľ blyâlf`lś}o* Iounjx‟ľj k`něnjðx}ð mlt`l} omnylxo

mljloao ljo f|y|`nj Kxanj`ľ ķawnyn}ky`|ě|jn bðâ tlymo* Jl unanjn

fnmny; _nt|u X|`}nj Xlòa‟oj Aľxľy‟ľ ośbn` lmow, kynmn nbľj k`nj

Aðx`ðanj`ľěľj ioy fk`| k`nj Nśnyo alucliojl i|`nśľjhnn fnmny*



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Inějnu, blyoho tl }|}|h| Nśnyo`lyoj >777 fnmny mojo òmlyojo #|`lanľ/

ķx}nji|`‟n bl}oyow kj`nymnj ohnul} nànn inś`nľjhn, Kxanj ľ

oawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j âôfðśð inś`nmľ* I| âôfðśð ôj`lalf oâoj ioyâkf boyośoa

nwľ mľ* Âkě| mn i|bðj k`m|ě| boio in}ľ`ľ mlt`l} ly }nyndľjmnj

}lubéc`njmľ* I|j`nymnj lj ôjlaòxo oxl ôubðy`ðf, ojxnj cnf`nyľ tl

|bny`ľf xkx|jn injmľyľàľś ]njuoan} Dlyanjľmľ*

Kxanj`ľ ķawnyn}ky`|ě|, in}ľ`ľ`nyhn ioul ôubðy`ðf tl |bny`ľf boyośoao

k`nynf mnn}ľ nj ]njuoan} Dlyanjľ o`l cn`fľjľ ]ðyf, _|jnj, Lyaljo,

I|`bny, Anhny, Ikśjnf, Nynw tl Fðy} boio l}jof by|w`nyľ ðx} foaòf k`nynf

}njľa`nann tl }njľann inś`naľś}ľy* I|j| ou`llj ľ``nymn i| l}jof

by|w`ny ioy ioy oxnj lmlylf Kxanj`ľ‟mnj fkwa|ś`nymľy* Fn`nj`ny oxl il` o

fo cnuľy`njanf}n k`nj ljo njnnxnľ ilf`lalf}lmoy* Cly foa ljo

njnnxnmn ljo ioy l}jof foaòf }njľnynf nyľhn`ľf`ľ ioy ly tlyall

fn`fľśľyxn, i| ð`fljoj ly n mn blâ wnyân`njanxľjn jlmlj k`nhnf}ľy*

I| }kwynf`nymn cly ðâ oawnyn}ky`|ě|j ľfľaľjn lj ôjlaò jlmlj k`nj

mojxl` dnf}ôyð, mlt`l} omnylxojmlj ‐`nof of }njľaľ o`l‑ |unf`nś}ľyann

ân`ľśnj o`f òmly #njľ unanjmn o`f Aðx`ðanj òmly/ A|x}ndn Flan`

N}n}ðyf kà|ś}|y* @nofòf fntynaľjľ ânywľ}nynf cnuľy`njanf}n k`nj

njnnxnn xkf|ś}|ynhnf cly mðśðjhl tl boyośoa, i| ð`fljoj, ioumlj

ôjhlfo`ly boio i|jn`ľa`nyn mðśalxojl jlmlj k`nhnf}ľy*

Ykan ķawnn}k`|ě|jn jl k`m|, joyl k`m|;

Io oaxl` ân`ľśan`nymn mľś}nj ioy ôyjlf ml tlyo`lylf fnyśľ nś}ľyan

nwľànxľ ox}ljoy* I| m|y|amn cly jl fnmny |unj}ľxľ }kwynf`nyľaľumn

cðfða xðyaðś oxl ml, mðjn }nyocojml lj ôjlaò ioy xðylho nśn}nj

Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j âôfðś jlmlj`lyojo tlyalaou âkf nyny`ľ

k`nhnf}ľy*



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Ykan Fyn``ľěľ #A*Ô ?‟jh| ðuľ`mn f|y|`nj/ tl Ykan H|ac|yol}o

k`nynf inś`nnj, N|b|x}|x òmlyòěojml A*Ô ioyojho ðuľ`mn ķawnyn}ky`|ěn

môjðślj Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě|, A*X* 8?< ľ`ľjmn mkě| tl in}ľ mol ofol

nyľ`mľ, In}ľ Ykan oawnyn}ky`|ě| #Fn}kòf Alucliojo fni|` lmlj`ly/ cly

jl fnmny f|ul fntoa`lyojoj ox}o`nxľ`n ľfľ`mľ mljokyxn mn nx`ľjmn

Cľyox}onj`ľěľj mkbanxľ jlmljo`l unľd mðś}ðěð oâoj6 Mkě| Ykan

ķawnyn}ky`|ě| #Ky}kmkfx Alucliojo fni|` lmlj`ly/ mn ojl mojo

âlfośal`ly xkj|h| unľd`nmľěľ oâoj >=<8 ľ`ľjmn Dn}oc X|`}nj Alcal}‟l

}lxòa kànf uky|jmn fn`mľ* Nty|wn‟jľj ioòjlj lj iððf lj |u|j tny`ľěľjľ

xðymðyaðś #>977 ľ`/ ķawnyn}ky`|ě|m|*

Ykan H|ac|yol}ojoj tl ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j mojo nj`nľśľ a|ě`éf}ľ*

Moj, inś`njbľâ}n mlt`l} alfnjouanxľjn l}fo lmlj iððf ioy dnf}ôy mlěo`mo*

I| jlmlj`l ojxnj nf`ľjn mnn`ľ Ykan C|f|f| c|f|f ioòaojoj lj }lal`

}nśľjľ k`|ś}|ym|*

Ioy mlt`l} omnylxojoj mojo ôj`ljmoyal`ly o`l ðyð}ðàlxojoj }lcòfl`lyojo

xluoj`llj oawnyn}ky Jlk tl ôul`òf`l mncn xkjyn bl`lj Mokf`l}onj

môjlaojml Cľyox}onj`nyľj bôyð`mðěð lyml ô`mðyðàlxo oâoj dlyanj`ny

âľfnyľ`mľ* K bðjðj oawnyn}ky`nyľ ‐Ykan moj mlt`l}o k`|yxn, i| Ykan

ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j xkj| k`|y‑ mðśðjhlxojl tnyaľś`nymľ* Ô`l ml k`m|*

Njhnf A*X 837 ľ`ľjn fnmny inś`njbľâ}n Ykan, mncn xkjyn _|jnj

}njyľ`nyľ o`n omnyl lmlj Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě|jn i| }nyoc}lj xkjyn

Cľyox}onj`ľf lblalj k`m|6 fntbnľ, xðy}ðśalo, ośfljhlo, cnf oc`n``lyojo,

nmn`l} f|yn` nyľjľj âoějljalxojo ioyòf}l bl}oymoěo oâoj, unľd`nmľ tl

f|ulmlj bl`lj Tnjmn``nyn fnyśľ xnt|janxľu fn`mľ* A*X = L`ð` =24

ľ`ľjmn In}ľ ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě| i| xn`mľyľ`ny`n ylxalj xkj i|`m|* In}ľ

Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě| xkj i|ànmnj ôjhl, mojo ||śanu`ľf`ny jlmljo`l

In}ľ tl Mkě| Ykan mol A*X 8?< ľ`ľjmn ofol iô`ðjaðś}ð*



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Âðjfð Ykan oawnyn}ky`|ě|jmn, 8?> ľ`ľjmn, oawnyn}ky O*

]clkmkxo|x‟|j dlyanjľ`n Cľyox}onj ľf mľśľjmnfo moj`lyoj }ðað

nxnf`njaľś tl ośfljhl, nmn`l}xouòf, inxfľ tl inějnu`ľf`n xoabl`ljlj

Ky}nâněn boyoś i| dlyanj`n inś`naľś}ľy* Mlt`l}oj mojojoj Cľyox}onj`ľf

k`nynf }lxho` lmoàlxojo ou`llj ioyfnâ ľ` oâojml #A*X*8?</ >977 ľ``ľf

Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě| wnyân`njaľś}ľy* Ky}nâně, In}ľ Ykan

ķawnyn}ky`|ě|‟j|j âôfðśð k`nj A*X* =24 ľ`ľjmnj inś`naľś tl inějnu`ľf

in}nf`ľěľjn xnw`njaľś}ľy Mkě| Ykan ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j ky}nmnj fn`f}ľěľ

}nyoc k`nj >=<8 ľ`ľjn fnmny xðyaðś}ðy* ]nyocoj i| iô`ðaðjml, Nty|wn,

jlylmlxl ioj ľ` fnj f|x}|* Njnnxnaľun mojo |jx|y`nyľ xkfnj`nyn #>?39Njnnxnxľ/ tl xkfann ân`ľśnj`nyn m||y|`|y․

ķawnn}k`|f`nľj k}nf ôul`òf`lo jl`lmo;

Ôjhlòf`l âkf ľyf`ľ, âkf mo`ò tl âkě|j`|f âkf mojò kàn`nyľmľy* F|yn`

k`nynf oawnyn}ky`|f}n i| |jx|y`nyľj ioyojoj ô}lfoxojl inxfľxľ lj nun

ojmoyoàoś}oy* Ky}nf âľfny k`m|ě| xðylhl ml |x|`ðjl |b|j ioy ôjl}oaml

i| ioyòf xðymðyð`ðy* Njhnf lfkjkaof uky`|f`nyn o`ntl}lj ioy ly`lymlj

fľśfľy}ľ`nj }kw`|`|f`ny i| ioyòěoj wnyân`njanxľjľ xně`ny* I| fľśfľy}an ľyf

nľyľaľ o`l ml, mo` nľyľaľ o`l ml, moj nľyľaľ o`l ml inś`n}ľ`nioòy* Cnjboxojoj

xlâo`lhlěo oawnyn}ky`|ě| k`|ś}|ynj }kw`|`|f`nyľj nwľxľjn ině`ľmľy* I|

jlmlj`l ml i|bðj nnf}n fnàľś ioy oawnyn}ky`|f kf}|y* Dynjxn

ķawnyn}ky`|ě| mn, ķjboòu oawnyn}ky`|ě| mn #Ioy`lśof Mlt`l}`ly/ ľfľàľś}ľy*

Mlt`l} jo}lòfò inuľ oawnyn}ky`|f`nyľj i|bðj nm k`nynf fnànxľ xnmlhl

blâaośoj ioy xlaik`ð kànxľjmnjmľy #Enwkj ķawnyn}ky| boio/* ķjbo`}lyl

#Iyo}njn/ nmnxľjmn xľfľ }nyoco ině`ny`n ioyioyojl ině`njaľś, njľ moòj

dnyf ľ śotlxojo fkj|śnj ķxfkân tl ķjbo`}lyl, njľ ślfo`ml Il`âofn‟mn

Dynjxľuhn fkj|śnj Tn`nj`ny o`l D`laljbâl fkj|śnj D`nanj`ny nyľ

mlt`l} kàn wlśojml`ly* Ioy ið}ðj k`nynf io`moěoaou Nànjn‟mn io`l dnyf`ľ



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ioy `lcâl o`l fkj|śnj Inlyj iô`blxo, Intlyn`ľ k`nynf fljmo`lyojo nyľ

bôyðky`ny*

Iljoa f|śněľaľj }njľf k`m|ě|, nmľ oawnyn}ky`|f kànxn io`l, ioy

oawnyn}ky`|ě|j |jx|y`nyľjľ inyľjmľynj ofo mlt`l} kà|ś}|y* Ioyoxo mojo tl ľyfľ

yl} l}aoś k`nj Xktl} Xkxnòx} H|ac|yol}o omo* ķmnyo ślfò jl k`|yxn k`x|j

oâlymoěo |jx|y`ny infľaľjmnj ioy oawnyn}ky`|f bôyðjðað tlyokym|* F|yn`

k`nynf clyflxl, lěo}oaml, xně`ľf}n, wkò}ofnmn tl moěly }ða oś`lyml njľ

cnffľ tlymoěo ioòjokym|* Cly jl fnmny ylxao n mn mlt`l} moò Y|xân

omoxl ml, oâlymoěo |jx|y`nyľj fljmo mo``lyojml nbľj lěo}oa nwanxľjn mn

ouoj tlyoàoś}o*

Lawlynòx}`lyoj mk`m|y|ś|`n, inyľś Jkil` ômð`ð tlyoàoś Aocno`

Bkyinâkt #9< Nyn`ľf >??>‟ml ox}odn l}alxojl fnyśľj/, ôubðy`ðf, mncn dnu`n

mlakfynxo tl ojxnj cnf`nyľ tntl`nxľ l}foxojml, k bðjðj bôuml

xô`lal`lyo k`nj B`nxjkx} #nâľf`ľf/ tl Wlylx}ykfn #ljomlj

nwľ`njmľyan/ l`la`lyo o`l Xktl} Xkxnòx} H|ac|yol}`lyojo ľf}ľ* Nyn`ľf

>??>‟ml ioy nynn bl`lj Il`ny|x, \fynjn tl Y|xn, Xktl} Xkxnòx}

Ioyòěojo dlx l}}of`lyojo tl i|j|j lyojl iněľaxľu mlt`l}`lyoj f|y|`nhněľjľ

ilnj l}}o`ly* I| ðâ ð`fl ml, fðâðf dnyf`ny k`xn io`l, njľ moò fkj|ś|ky,

clalj clalj njľ mojoj njľ alucliojl ojnjľky tl ľyf k`nynf njľ

fôf}lj bl oky`nymľ* Bkyinâkt‟|j ioyo`lyo }nyndľjmnj bðmða`ljaoś cnoj

wkò}ofnxľ mn dkn`ny mðśðjhl ky}nn âľf}ľ* In}ľjľj, ôul`òf`l Nalyofn‟jľj

mðjnľ l`l blâoyal wkò}ofnxľ ny}ľf blyâlf`lślioòymo* Oynf‟n, Ndbnjox}nj‟n,

@oin‟n, X|mnj‟n, Xkanò‟l xn`mľynio oy, Fnunfox}nj, Bðyhox}nj,

I|`bnyox}nj, Fľybľuox}nj, Fnunfox}nj tl Wk`kjn‟n nxfly ly`lś}oylioòymo*

Xľymn ilf`llj ð`fl`ly ml i| boyośoaoj fnaněľ k`nhnf* Ioumlfo nâľ`ľa,

ljomlj nwľ njan tl mncn dnu`n ôubðy`ðf xô`la`lyo k bðjðj

xô`la`lyojl jl fnmny iljuoky* Mo`lyou i| ioy inxo} ynx}`nj}ľmľy․



2

ķawnyn}ky`|f`nyľj moěly ioy ky}nf ôul` oěo, âôfðś`lyo xľynxľjmn

nśnjnj`nymľy* Inyľjmľymľf`nyľ |jx|y`nyľj l}jof, mojo tl fð`}ðyl` dnyf`ľ`ľf`nyľ

jlmljo`l ôul` of`l mľś aocynf`nyľj mn fnśľanxľ`n, ioy unanj`ny

oawnyn}ky`|ě|j ðl`lyo k`nj flxoa`lyoj inś fn`mľyan`nyľ tl ð`flo

fnyanśn`ľěľ xðyðf`lal`lyo o`l oawnyn}ky`|f lblaljòěojoj xkj`njanxľ

ky}nf ôul`òf}oy*

Iouoa }njľf k`m|ě|a|u, nmľ ô`l kànxn mn nwľxľ o}oinyo`l ioy

oawnyn}ky`|f ôul`òěo bôx}lylj ð`fl Nalyofn Ioy`lśof mlt`l}`lyomoy* Dnyf`ľ

ľyf`nymnj, dnyf`ľ moj`lymlj tl dnyf`ľ mo``lymlj k`|śa|ś nwn ioy }kw`|`|f}|y6

nx`ľjmn oawnyn}ky`|f}|y* Njhnf moěly`lyojl bôyl ôjlaò ioy ntnj}neľ

i|`|janf}nmľy* Ioy mldn coâ foaxl i|ynxľ iljoa n}n`nyľamnj bl`lj

}kwyněľamľy mlow xncow âľfnaľky #âľfnio`lhlf lyò cn`fľ mn xox}lan}of

ioy ślfo`ml kf l}}o`ly/* Moj`l ině`nj}ľ`ľ fntbn nśnanmľ`ny* Mo``lyojo ml

mðjnjľj ioòa moò nwan`nyľ jlmljo`l clyflxoj a|c}nâ k`nio`lhlěo ioy

mo` nwľxľjn môjðś}ðymðf`lyo oâoj foaxljoj xlxo âľfaľky* I| jlmlj`l i|

oawnyn}ky`|ě|j ľfľànxľ uky bôyðjðky* Fn`mľ fo i| oawnyn}ky`|f,mněľànľ ioy njn iľynfn`ľa, fðylxl` }ohnyl} tl wkò}ofn x`kbnjľ o`l moěly

ð`fl`lyo nmľ fkjanaľś i| oawnyn}ky`|ěn ině`ľ fô`l m|y|a|jn bl}oyalf

ox}oky*

I|j|j lj fk`n k`| mn, lfkjkaoxo oâoj }lcmo} k`nynf n`bľ`nmľěľ

ð`fl`lyoj Ny!Bl #nynś}ľyan blòś}oyal/ bðhðjð fľyan n mn unľd`n}an

k`nhnf}ľy* Ny!Bl‟joj kànu oxl kànu ôul`òěo, ioy an`ľ ilòyò ioy xnľmn

ðyl}lylf wnuny`nanmľy* Njhnf k unanj ioy ðyðjðj blòś}oyoàlxo oâoj

blylfò fnjnf xně`njnioòy* Iô`l ioy k`njnf njhnf jðd|x tl lfkjkaof

l}foj of infľaľjmnj ilòyò ioy iððf`ðěl |`nśaľś ð`fl`lyml k`nio oy*

Ôyjlěoj xljlml 9 ao`kj i|umk`niľ xn}nj ioy ð`fl i|umk`niľ oâoj mośl

blòy Ny!Bl nwľ`nioòy* Ilòyò xnľmn nynin ðyl}lj tl xn}nj ioy ð`fl

wonxnn ljo }nxnyľa`ny`n âľfnioòy* Lj nuľjmnj oâ wonxnxľ i|jn ouoj



3

tlyalòmoy n mn xně`nan`ľmľy* I|j| nwnhnf ð`fl`lyoj xnľxľ il`òmoy*

]ðyfol ml i|j`nyľj oâojmlmoy* _njo ]ðyfol #i| hða`lmlj ķynj tl il`fo

Aľxľy/ in}ľ fnwo}nòuao oâoj lj nuľjmnj inuľ an``nyľj ðyl}oao fkj|x|jmn

bl`lhlf}l hommo ynfow k`nioòy* I|j| ôj`laljoj lj oo k`| i| ð`fl`lyo

lfkjkaof k`nynf mncn fðâðf wnyân`nyn iô`lylf l}fojòěojo nun`}anmľy*

Xo`nc`ľ iôàl cly unanj oo xkj|â tlyalmoěo boio wncn`ľn mn

blàlf}lmoy* Lj oo k` ojxnj`nyľj coâioy unanj tnublâlallhlěo, lj

m|b|xn` njľjľ k`|ś}|ynj ľyfľjľ, mojojo tl moòjo f|``njnynf iôàlmoy* I|j|

xně`nanjľj lj fk`n tl |h|u k`| mn mncn dnu`n mlakfynxo, ojxnj

cnf`nyľ, mncn dnu`n ôubðy`ðf boio fntyna`nyľ ox}oxany l}almoy* Mðjnmnfoioyâkf ð`fljoj tl iouoa bl`moěoaou jkf}n i|m|y*

I| hkěyndnjľj fnwo}nòx} xox}la`l ik ô`âðślioàlxo oâoj iô`ðjall

mlěo nfxojl ið}ðj`lśall oc}onhľ tny* Flśfl Oynf‟}n kjnj k|j|

unanjľjmn dnyf lmow kj`ny`n lfkjkaof ið}ðj`ðěl boylio`xlmof* Flśfl

ið}ðj i|j`nymnj mlyx n`ľw X|yol, Bðyhox}nj, Nulyinhnj, cn}}n ķynj o`l

lfkjkaof ioy of f|ynio xlf* Iô`ðjaðś ioy ]ðyfol tl ķynj ķx`namðjnxľjľj xkj|j|j cnuľy`njanxľjmn lj ôjlaò l}flj k`nhnf}ľy* I|

nâľmnj infnyxnf i| ð`fl`lyml iô`ðjall k` nânj`ny, iô`ðhð cnylfl}`lyl

mlx}lf xně`nnj`ny, in}ľjľj ľfľhľ mðalj x||jmn bomlj`ly, xnmlhl fljmo

ð`fl`lyo oâoj mlěo`, njľ unanjmn no} k`m|ě|a|u ķx`na mðjnxľ oâoj ml ioy

}lcòflmoy* Njľ k|j Oynf}n kjnjmľ6 @oin‟mn, ]|j|x‟}n tl Aľxľy‟mn

kjnjann inś`njmľ, X|yol‟ml }lubécn fkj|ky* Xľynmnfo`ly an`|a6}|yw|j iððěð }kyinmn* ]kyinjľj mðěðaðjð âľfnyľ`nhnf njnnxn

âôulhlf*

]lxo io ôjlf ox}oykxnjľu lj ânwľhľ k`njľ tllòa․

Ið}ðj i|j`nyľ nj`nnioàlf oâoj }lyxojl |b|`njnj ioy ôyjlf tlylòa*

Ljmkjlun >2*<73 nmnmnj almnjn blàoś}oy* Jðd|x| nf`nśľf 9<7



?

ao`kj fnmnymľy* Ioyioyojo jlylmlxl coâ nj`nnannhnf fnmny dnyf ľ 9<7

fnmny dnyf`ľ mo` tnymľy* Iððf ioy fľxaľ Aðx`ðanj kànf`n ioyòf}l âkf

dnyf`ľ moj #flun I|moua, Cojm|oua, w|}wlylx}òf, Śnanjoua, n}lox}ò} tl

Cľyox}onj`ľf/ ioyòf}l i|`|j|y* K}|u ðâ ln`l}}lj k`|śanf`n ioyòf}l ðjo}ly

ioy mlt`l}}oy*

Iððf nmn`ny ioyioyojmlj alxndl k`nynf dnyf`ľ ð`fl`ly k`nhnf fnmny

|unf}ľy* \ânf`n ioy nmnmnj ôiðy nmnn bo}al xnn}`ly, mljou k``nyľ o`l

bo}al ml bðj`ly xðyly* Cly nmnjľj fljmojl ôubð booao, moò #śotlxo/,

bl`ljlěo tnymľy tl nmn`nyľj cn`fľ ioyioyojmlj fk`nhn dnyf lmo`lio oy

ôul of`lymlmoy* _njo nyľ nyľ ioyly mlt`l} kànf oâoj clalj cly śl

alth|}}|y* ķâ oâo boyalaoś mkěn` xľjľy`ny`n ioyioyojmlj }ny}ľśanxľu

nyľàľś}ľy*

Njhnf ðjo}ly nwľxľjľ fky|anf}nmľy tl foaxljoj ml nyľàn boio iððf

ioy âninxľ kf}|y* I|j|j jlmljojo alynf lmlioòyxojou* I|j|j jlmljo

Ljmkjlun"jľj )Âkf`|f}n ioyòf) nj`naľjn bl`lj |`|xn` x`kbnjľ ‐Icojjlfn

]|jbbn` Ofn‑jľj nj`naľjmn tl |b|`nanxľjmn n}anf}nmľy*

I| fnmny âlśo}ò mo` kànxľjn fnyśľj, ioy ið}ðj`ðf oâojml }|}nioàlf oâoj

nmn`nyľj clwxojml nx`ľjmn An`lunhn k`nj ioy moò ioynu mlěoś}oyalf

x|yl}o`l Ljmkjlunhn ‐Incnxon‑ mol }njľa`naľś tl nmn`nyľj }ðaðjml

tl cly kf|`mn njn mo` k`nynf kf|}|ànxľjľ fnyny ině`naľś`nymľy* Iô`lhl

mo` ân}ľśanxľjľ ily}nynd l}aoś`lymoy* Mojo coual} lyo mlt`l}oj bôylt`lyo

nynxľjmnj fn`mľyaľś clycnjbo ioy mojl n mn moj aljx|i|jn mlt`l}

ið}âlxojmlj nymľa lmoàlalxo fnynyn ině`njaľś}ľy* Moj nmna`nyľ mlt`l}

ala|y| nwľànaľś}ľy* ķfojho ân}ľśan tl xðy}ðśal jlmljo ml iô`lhl

ky}nmnj fn`mľyľàľś}ľy*

>2*<73 nmn, ðu`lyhl mo mlj k`|śa|ś Ljmkjlun ioy ið}ðj`ðf

oâlyoxojml mðjnjľj bðâ`ð mlt`l}`lyo oâojl boylyflj, njľ hkěyndnľ, njľ



>7

ślcoy`lyo, njľ aluny ľěľ wn`nśnj, fľu n`ľw tlylj }kw`|`|f`nyľ nxn`n

dnyf`ľ`nś}ľyan ânin`nyľ cly cn`ml hojjl} kàn`ľ․

]ÐYFķ_L H\AC\Yķ_L]ķ _NŚN]O@NHNF AO _KFXN IÐ]ÐJ@ÐF

IKU\@NHNF AO;

Aocnò Bkyinâkt‟| wkcwkc`nnj`ny ioyâkf inśfn òmlyo ml

wkcwkc`nanf}nmľy* Nx`ľjmn mncn dnu`n ôubðy`ðf, mncn dnu`n ojxnj cnf`nyľ,

mncn âkf mlakfynxo, âlśo}òòf, akunof }kw`|a, âkf fð`}ðy`ð`ðf, âkf mo`òòf,

nâľ`ľa, xnâľ`ľa boio xô`la`ly ojxnj f|`něľjn âkf ckś blòky* Njhnf i|wlail }ni`kmn, iouoa fnmlyoaouo âoulhlf ljo ioy k` k`m|ě| blyâlěo ml

bôumlj fnâľky* I| blyâlěo tl xljnyk|, Kxanj`ľ nśnmľ, Xktl}`ly

nśnmľ, nfľj unanjmn Âlf H|ac|yol}o nśnmľ, in`fnj`ny tl ôul`òf`l

_|bkx`ntn nhľ`ľ ioy ślfo`ml nśnmľ*

Nhnin iou Anyx‟}n aľ nśľky|u6 inśfn xkxn` f|yn``nyn aľ ině`ľľu;

I|j| nj`nanf oâoj fécoj kànn blylf kf, i| nuľľ kf||w mn nj`nnjclyflx i| k`n`nyn }njľf k`m|* Iou Kxanj ľľu, ioul ioy śl kànu

mðualhlxo, Kxanj`ľmnj fn`nj mojo }ltlffð`ðj ioy |unj}ľxľ kàn`ľ*

Kxanj ľ cnynjľ k`nj`ny il` o fo Kxanj`ľ`nyľj i| ôul` oěojo fnwaľś`ny*

I|j|j dnyfľjn i| hkěyndn mn ioy fośo tnymľ5 Bnuo A|x}ndn Flan` N}n}ðyf*

Xou jl mlyxljou mloj, jl mðśðjðyxljou mðśðjðj, Co}o}

ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j, Iounjx ķawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j, Kxanj`ľ oawnyn}ky`|ě|j|jľfľj}ľxľ ðulyojl f|y|à|ś, ioj ioy âlśo} mlt`l}oj tl fð`}ðyðj f|y|`|w

ľfľ`mľěľ, ðu`lyhl bôâðj n`ľjmľěľ, fð`}ðy`lyoj tl }ohnyl}oj fntśnf jkf}nxľ

k`nj i| ð`flml xnd fnàľś coâioy śl kf}|y* Co}o}`ly* Iounjx`ľ ny,

]ðyfalj`ly, cly ioyo ioy lymlj blàoś ]ðyf ilòf`lyo, @nu`ny, Ikśjnf`ny,

Nyjnt|}`ny, Nynw`ny, Lyaljo ly, Nulyo`ly, Fðy}`ly, Âlyflu`ly, @omn`ľ`ny,

]y|tn`ľ`ny, Wkj}|x`ny, Dyofn`ľ`ny mncn kj`nyhnxľ ioy lyl ao bo}}o`ly6 cnľy i| wk}njľj oâojml xljo iljo nw}ľ`ny*



>>

Âkf mo`ò, âkf mojò tl âkf ľyf`ľ Kxanj`ľ oawnyn}ky`|ě|j|j âôfðśðjð

nśnnj tl jlmlj`lyojo oo ioy ślfo`ml njnòu lmlj N}n}ðyf #tl nyfnmnś`nyľ/

moj`lyoj tl cn}}n njľ mojoj aluclw`lyo nynxľjmnfo io}alu }ðfljalu

fntbn`nyľ nśnnj ioyoxo k`nynf mojo mlt`l}oj nxò nwľxľ oâlyoxojmlj

|unf`nś}ľyann ân`ľś}ľ tl i|j| Ślcðòx`na`ľf anfnaľjľj fn`mľyľànxľ tl

njnnxnn `nofòf anmmlxojoj xkf|ànxľ o`l nwanľ mðśðjmð* Xkj

mlylhl nfľ``ľhn ioy nf`nśľamľ* ]ðyfol‟o moěly ķx`na ð`fl`lyojmlj dnyf`ľ tl

ðx}ðj fľ`nj i| nf`nśľa k`m|*

Njnmk`|‟mn xkxk`keof nâľmnj lblalj ioy l}jof by|i|j #ľyfľj/

k`nannhněľjľj dnyfľjmnmľ* Njhnf l}jof by|w`nyľj #ľyf`nyľj/ fljmo mo``lyo

tnymľ* Kxanj`ľjľj mn fljmo moò tnymľ5 ‐Kxanj`ľhn‑* Njhnf Kxanj`ľhn

]ðyf hða`l nwľxľjn k}|y}|à|ś, âkě|j`|ě| Dnyxân, Nynwân tl xkj

unanj`nymn Dynjxľuhn flòal`ly`l mkjn}ľàľś mltśoyal, }kw`nan ioy mo`mo

tl cn`fľj fkj|ś}|ě| ioy mo` ml mlěo`mo6 njhnf ķx}nji|`‟|j lfn`òl} k`nynf

nm`njmľyľ`nj ioy flxoaoj f|` njmľěľ xnyn mo omo* _nuanxľ, kf|janxľ

ukym|*

Njnmk`|‟j|j ]ðyfol H|ac|yol}o nmľ n`}ľjmn o`l`lil} ioy ið}ðj k`nynf

}|}|`nioàlxo oâoj ljo ioy nwľ`njann blylfxojal tnymľ* I| fnmny l}jof

by|i|j i|`|jm|ě| ioy lyml ylxao k`nynf dnyf ľ mo``lyoj tl mlt`l}oj

f|y|h|x| k`nynf dnyf`ľ l}jof by|w`nyľj f|y|h| k`nynf f|``njľànxľ il`ò fo

ljo wnyân`njan`nyn jlmlj k`nhnf}ľ* Lj nbľj mo` k`nj ]ðyfâljoj ylxao

mo` n mn mlt`l} mo` k`nynf xlâoàlxo tl i| ioyòěoj xoablxl` ml k`xn

]ðyf`ðf }njľaľ oâojml }nyod`ljalxo nf`ľj blylěomo6 bl`lhlf}lfo

wnyân`njan`nyľ tl fnybnśn`ľěľ ôj`lall ôjlòf}o* I| ofo }|}fn`ľj

ioy`lś}oyoho of l}foxojo lyojl bl}oylioàlxo oâoj ôul` of`l cly dľyxn}}n

oś`ljalxo tl xðylfò t|yb| nwľànxľ mn mkěn`mľ* Njhnf, jl nuľf fo,

ao` ol}âoòf nw}ľěľjľ xô`llj ioy flxoa, i|j| ľyfâľ`ľf |jx|y| cn ojl

bl}oylylf }lwfo`lyoj ðfxlàlxojl jlmlj k`m|* In}ľn, lawlynòx}`lyl,



>9

iô`ðhð`lyl, ľyfâľ`nyn, fôf}lj mojho`lyl bðj mkěa|ś}|* Nyľśanjľj

xojn``lyo tlyoàll inś`njaľś}ľ* Fn`mľ fo, Nty|wn Ioyòěojl boyalaouoj ôj

fkś|`| k`nynf mo`ml, l}jof foaòf`lyoj }njľjanxľjmn, mojml xľjľyxľu

ôubðy`ðf tlyoàlxo cly k}|y|amn anxnn bl}oyo okym|* Njhnf Nty|wn

Ioyòěo‟joj ofo ôjla o `kfkak}odo, ioul âkf mo` oěo mnn}nj Nànjn tl

Dynjxn, fljmo kf|``nyľjmn, cn`n ]ðyf foaòěo }nśľnj tl ]ðyf tn}njmnśľ

k`nj`nyn io`l kf|``nyľjmn ]ðyfâl mlyxo tlyoàlxojo bôuðaðuðj oâojl infn

infn nxnf`naľś`nymľ* Blâoho blàoś, ośâo k`nynf ân`ľśľw |ym|jn môjalxo

ilf`ljlj fośo`lyl io`l fljmo moòjmlj lěo}oa cnffľ tlyalaoś`lymo* Ioyfnâ

ľ` ľěľjn ân ľśľw ð`flxojl môjlhlf`lyl io`l, k}|yan tl ân`ľśan cnffľtlyalf oâoj fljmo moòjo fkj|śnioàlxojo }n`lw l}all inś`nmľ`ny* ķś}l i|

ð`fl`ly, ioj ioy l}jof wnyânmnj k`|śnj ]ðyfol‟l xðylfò nfľ` tlyoky* Jl

cofal}xl iouml i| nf`ľ n`nj`ny mn âkf k`|ky*

Clycn`ml âkf mo`òòěo xnt|jnj`ny mðjn cnyo}nxľjn ioy mldn mn k`xn

infaľś`nymľy* I|bðj mðjnmn cnjbo ð`fl cn`fľjn ylxao k`nynf âkf mo`ò of

tlyaoś ml ið}ðj`ðěðjð fky|nioàoś; Iľynfľj âkf mo`òòěo, njľ moò dnyf`ľśotl`ly`l fkj|śnj`nymn io`l ôjlaò xky|j`ny âľfľky* Cojmox}nj tl Wnfox}nj

i| ľfľaľ ôj`lalf oâoj ylxao mo`, njo lěo}oa tl nuľśan moò k`nynf

ķjbo ouhlo f|``njľky* Âðjfð i| ð`fl`lyml njľ mo oj dnyf`ľ śotl`lyo

f|``njľ`ľky6 i| io`l wnyân`njan oâoj jlmlj k`|ś}|y|ky*

Mðjnmn dnyf`ľ mo``lyo ylxao k`nynf fkj|śnj tl ið}ðj`ðěðjð xðymðylj

}lf ioy ð`fl tnymľy5 ķxtoâyl* Fnj}kj`nymnj almnjn blàoś i| dlmlyn}od

mlt`l}oj ylxao mo o Nànjhn, Dynjxľuhn, ķ}n`njhn tl Byn|iðjmlj

Fnj}kj| }nyndľjmnj f|``njľ`nj Ykanjś moòmoy* Njhnf ojl ml iô`ðjalo

ôj`lalf oâoj ķxtoâyl‟joj ylxao mlt`l} nmľ i| mo``lyml njľ`nj ioy nm o`l mlěo`,

@n}ojhl‟mlj bl`lj Hkjdklmlyn}ok Cl`tl}ohn, njo Cl`tl}`ly

Fkjdlmlynxkj|m|y* I| jlmlj`l ķxtoâyl‟joj ð`fl fľxn`}anxľ i| ofo

flòaljoj inś cnyd`lyojmlj bl`lj HC‟moy* _ojl ml i|bðjl fnmny jol



>8

iô`ðjalmoěojo alynf lmlio oyxojou* Mðjnmn ||ś}|y|h|mnj, xo`nc

fnânfâľ`ľěľjmnj tl ioòjlj k`x|u }ða oś`lymlj l`ml lmo`lj wnyn o`l cn`fľjľ

xknj inś}n Aðx`ðanj ð`fl òmly`lyojoj xlytl}`lyo ķxtoâyl injfn`nyľjmn

fky|janf}nmľy* _nfľj unanjmn mlakfynxo nśfľ`n njľw }|}|śnj`nyhn #./

tncśo ioy ślfo`ml, }lhntðu lmo lylf wnyân`njnj Fnmmndo, ioòjlj lj

ao ol}âo Aðx`ðanj òmly kànxľjn fnyśľj, @oin oâoj k`xn mnco i|

injfn`nyn fljmo nmľjn n}ľyaľś k`m|ě| 977 ao ny mk`nyľj n`ľjanxľ

f|śf|`| bôyðjðky* Âðjfð i| wnynľ njhnf âkf}nj ôiðy mðjnľ

ik`naľś k`nj Fnmmndo‟joj âlflio`lhlěojo xô`ðky`ny* @oin‟n mlakfynxo

bl}oylhlěojo xô`llj in}ľ`ľ`ny tl kj`nyľj njmnś`nyľ i| bðjl fnmny i|wnynmnj blâoho ôjl}oal xnmlhl >,< ao`ny mk`ny tlyaoś`ly*

ķxtoâyl‟o âkf mo`òòěl fnyśľj ojl ml ioy }|}fn` boio ioy nynmn }|}nj i|

fnyn wnynjľj bl}oyoxomoy* ķxtoâyl fośo inśľjn mðśðj blòy infľaľjmnj

mðjnmn ioyojhomoy*

Moj, mkěnxľ blylěo iô`ðjal`lyl tl wnyân`njan`nyn nâľf kànxľ

jlmljo`l, mojo omnyo xox}laojoj ioy wnyânxľ nwaľś coâioy ð`fl c|u|y`|

k`nanaľś}ľy* I|j|j nfxojl }lf ioy ôyjlf bôx}lylaluxojou* ķx`na mojojoj

ml aluclw`ly inś}n kànf ðulyl hlann}`ly, }nyofn}`ny, fk``ny nmľ n`}ľjmn

ðu`lyhl wnyânn nyľ`mľěľjľ ioòky|u* Lěly i|bðjl fnmny

njnnxn`nyľaľumn mlěośalu anmml k`nynf ly nàľś `nofòf }njľaľ o`l

kjnjľyxn, ôul` of`l ‐clyflx ojnjâ`nyľjľ ox}lmoěo boio nśnanf}n tl

ôybð}`ljalml ôubðymðy ‑ oinylxo i| }njľaľj oâojl lf`ljoyxl, i| ð`fl ioyfnâ

wnyânn mlěo` ioj ioy wnyânn iô`ðjlhlf}oy* I| wnyân`njanmnj xnmlhl tl

xnmlhl ðuľ``nymľy i| ð`fll ulcyojo nfľ}anf oâoj dľyxn} fk``nnj xôuml

x}yn}leof ky}nf`nyľaľu jlan`njnhnf}ľy* Mo lyoa njnnxnjľj i| ofo

anmmlxojo mlěoś}oyalf oâoj momojlj flxoa`lyoj i| ð`fl`lyl tlyoàoś xôuð

kf}|y*



>=

ķohl nj`nśľ`xľj mol xkj ofo }lcòfll }lfyny moffn} âlfalf ox}lyoa5

Mlakfynxo tl ojxnj cnf`nyľ boio fntyna`nyľj nyfnxľjn xľěľjľw, ljo

njnnxnjľj clycnjbo ioy lyojl ‐clyflx ojnjmľěľ ioâoaml nśnanmn tl

ôybð}`ljalml ôubðymðy ‑ oinylxo xkf|`|yxn coâ f|śf|j|u kànxľj

}ncaojojoumlj âkf mncn lyflj ioy xðylml i| ð`fl moj mlt`l}ojl

môjðślhlf tl oâ ân}ľśan`ny tl xðy}ðśal`ly lj fô}ð ślfo`ml nśnjnhnf}ľy*

Jlmljo5 Hlann} lyoj k`nyľjn }nòw k`nhnf wny}o`ly #mk`nľxľ`n

cðfðal}`ly/ }ntou tlymofâl tlylhlf, `nof k`nynf inś`nnj mlt`l} xkj|jmn

moj mlt`l}ojl môjlhlf* Ân}ľśan k`nhnf6 âðjfð mlt`l}o wnyxl``lall tl

âľfny xně`nann ân`ľśnj hlann}`ly blâaoś}l tl mðjnjľj cly lyojmlk`m|ě| boio ioyioyojo ikěnu`nnhnf}ľy*

_ojl mlakfynxo tl ojxnj cnf`nyľ fntynaľjľj nyfnxľjn xľěľjnynf ylxao

mo`ml âlśo}`ljal bl}oyoòyxl, coâ f|śf|j|u kànxľj ioy f|śnf blâalmlj

cly }ðy ð nľyľahľ ľf xncjll fkjnhnf}ľy* ]kw`|axn` ioyòf ioyioyojo o`f

k`nynf ky}nf ioy mo``l nj`nan`n inś`ny #i| jlmlj`l jðd|x|j|j jlylmlxl

nyľxľ ķxwnjk`hn fkj|śnj Nalyofn‟jľj ylxao moò tl lěo}oa mo oķjboòuhlmoy/6 nyľ mo o fkj|śnj }kw`|a`nyľj ioy nynmn nśn}ľ anxľ oâoj

ôjlaò ioy jlmlj fnànnhnf}ľy* I| nyľ`ľěľj blyâlf`lśalxo oâoj |`|x`ny

nynxľ ulaoj ml bnòin cnuľy`njaľś m|y|amn6 xnmlhl nxn` mðulj`lalo

ilfòky`ny*

Lawlynòx}`lyoj fljmo ð`fl`lyojml kjnjanxľjn nx`n ouoj tlyalmof`lyo

i| foyò k|j|, mðjnjľj ioyâkf lyojml xncjll fkm|f`nyľjn tl fnj`ľ

xkj|â`nyľjn mldn`nyhn }njľf k`m|f* I|jn ]ðyfâlml ‐io`l io`l `nmlx‑ mljoy*

Ôj Nxn‟jľj xkxk`keof k`nynf mðjnmn blâlyò k`nj f|yn``nyn }nioo

kànmľěľjľ foaxl xô`llalu*

]ðyf wny`nalj}kx|j|j mlělyò ðl`lyojoj, ojxnj cnf`nyľ tl mlakfynxo

o`l ocnjl}o ioyioyojmlj nľynhnf ojhl âoubojoj dnyfľjn tnynhněľjľ

|a|ky|a*



><

I\ M\Y\AMN NJN_NXN JNXO@ _NWO@AN@O;

ķo lěo}oàoś, io`boò cly ojxnjľj nwnhněľ ‘lj nu fljmo fkj|x|jmn! ioy

fn}fľ tnymľy* I| jlmlj`l blòśaoś ð`fl`lyml f|yn` k`nynf ioy anfnaľj

l}fojòěo ny}}ľfân kynn mncn oo lěo}oàoś, io`boò, mðjnmnj cnilyo k`nj

ojxnj`ny bl}oyoàll ân`ľśľ`ľy* Âðjfð mlt`l} omnylxo cly unanj io`bol,

mljloal tl ilòyò ioy lěo}oal blylfxojal bôx}lylj f|y|a`nymľy*

I|j`nyľj inśľjmn nxn âľfnyan l}foxo k`nj alh ox`ly blòy* I|

jlmlj`l iljoaxljallhlěojo io moěoa cn`ml ojl ml xô`lalf}ljâlfojallhlěoa ‘clw xnt|jm|ě|a! ioy ôjlyoao mo`l bl}oyalf ox}lyoa*

Wny`nalj}k`ny âlśo}ò flxoa`lyoj xľy}ľjľ xľtnu`nnj`nyľj, k njmnfo l}foj

ôjmlyoj n`nfn`ľěľjľ nwnj`nyľj, hlann} o ośfo lyo k`nj`nyľj, l}jof

iô`ðhð`ðf`l k`n âľfnj`nyľj, lblalj bðâ`lyoj |unj}ľ`nyľ k`nj`nyľj, i| k``n

âľfny xně`nann ân`ľśnj`nyľj ly n`mľěľ f|y|a`ny kànan`ľmľy* I| jlmlj`l

âkě|a|u|j i|y|j iðf}ðěð lò}ox} mlakfynxo mol }njľa`njnj ‘njo l}foj

tl l}lyò! ojxnj`nyľj ilòyò ly lyl nmn k`nio`lhlěo ioy mlakfynxo

akmlòjoj ly`lś}oyoàlxo blylfoky* K unanj wny`nalj}kmn tlfo` xnľxľ

ny}}ľfân, mðjnľ ou`llj, blâaośo io`lj, jloj jl k`m|ě|j| tl k`nhněľjľ

io`lj ojxnj xnľxľ mn ny}nhněľ oâoj âľfnyľ`nhnf nxn`nymn cn}n lj nun

ojmoyoàoś k`nhnf}ľy* I|ynmn ky}nn âľfnhnf bðâ, ioy fkj|mn ‘ltyljxl`

io`bo`lyl mnn`ľ! dofoy o`lyo xðylio`lj ojxnj xnľxľ o`l mkěy| kynj}ľ`ľ k`nhnf}ľy*

M|y|a iô`l ao; Jl iljoa ð`flaml jl ml mlakfyn}ľa molj ð`fl`lyoj

bôylio`moěoaou fnmnyľ`n }ðaðjml iô`l ioy śl kf* Mðjnn lblalj

kànn ân`ľśnj Nalyofn inśfnjľjľ io`l `kio`lyoj ilòy`lmoěojl oòśfoj ôjlaò

ilòy}o`ly tny*

Alhòx`ly |u|j ľ``ny }kw`|a|j nśna }nyuľjľ tl oòśfo`lyojo mðulj`llj

nxn`ny âľfnyanf`n ðfða`ðmðy`ly* Njnnxn`ny oxl kj`nyhn, il`fo ðu`lyhl

ľ`n l}foxo bôyð`lhlf mðulj`lal`lymoy* I| jlmlj`l io oaoj, mljloaoj,



>4

mðjnmnfo blòśal`lyoj, bl`lhlěo }ncaoj l}aljoj lj âkf blylf

m||`m|ě| unanj njnnxn`nyľj nwľàn unanjľmľy* I| njnnxn`nyľ

ioòjlj xox}la`l xlâoàoś wny`nalj}k`ny nwnioòy ao; Lěly tlfo``lyojo ioynu

ôjhl mlěojmoěoaou xðublâ}lj blâoylj tl ltyljxl` ô`âð}`lyl bôyl

mlěly`ljmoyal uky|j`|`|ě|j| bl}oylj ioy mlakfynxo akmlò`l xlâokyxn

njľ} mkěn` k`nynf ltl} k`nhnf}ľy* Njhnf ioy xljl ôjhl nw}ľěľ njnnxn

mlěośofòěojml, lj ôjlaò ioy c|x|x k`nj h|ac|yinśfnj`ľěľ xðylxo, ioy

xljl xkjyn }ny}ľśann nâľàľśxn, i| alhòx mkěn` k`nynf ‘nxn`ny ouoj

tlyxl io l! ðuľ` ny ô}lxojl co}nw lmlhlf ioy njnnxn nwľaľjn

boyośalalòmoy*

K unanj }ðað`l ljo ioy njnnxn jnxľ` cnuľy`njnhnf}ľy; I| bðjl

fnmny mnyil`ly`l i|j| nwann ân ľśnj ioy xox}laoj oś`lalmoěo ny}ľf

nj`nśľàľś}ľy* I| m|y|amn nwľ`nhnf oś, ou`ljlhlf k` bôyðjðky* Alth|}

alhòx nxn`nyľ âľfnyann, nxnan bðhðjð ðyð}all mltna lmlyflj,

blyâlf}lj fkj|x|jmn |uanj k`nj, mðjnjľj tl iô`bljoj m|y|a|j| oo

njn ou lmlio lj tl bl`lhlf oâoj ôjbôyð`lyo k`nio`lj, lěo}oàoś, io bo o,mljloaò, coâioy âľfnyhľ by|i|j l}foxo n`}ľjmn fnànnj }lfjkfyn}, ioòa

nmnaľ, |b|`nľhľ, nxn`nyľj oś`lośojmlfo nfxnan`nyľ nśnaľś, mljloaò

ojxnj`nymnj k`|śa|ś ‐F|y|h| Alh ox‑ mol ml nm`njmľynhněľaľu ioy

wnyn`l` alhòx}l }nx`nf njnnxn cnuľy`njľy* F|y|h| Alhòxoj ðl`lyojl,

clmld flxoa`lymlj #|b|`nľhľ`nymnj/ dofoy nàn tl n`} fkaoxkj`ny f|yan,

mnjľśanj f|``njan l}foxo tlyo`lylf io`bo lmojal ně`nyľjľj bljoś`l}oàlxooâoj cly k`njnf xně`njľy* Xkj|â}n cnuľy`nnhnf`nyľ }nx`nf njnnxn cn`fľj

k| o`l xlâoàoś alhòxl #bðjðaðuml oś inśľjmn k`nj alhòxl/ x|j|`|y*

\|ś|`nj anmml`ly njlj fn ľy6 f|y|h| alhòx o`l mðuljò alh oxoj

||śnanmľěľ anmml`ly, |u`nśan fkaoxkj`nyľjmn ioy mncn anxnn

n}ľyľ`ľy tl xkj|â âľfanu oxl, f|y|h| alhòxoj tl mðuljò alhòxoj dofoy

xnt|j|h|`nyľ cn`fľj ôjðjml njľ fkś|``ny`n, njľ nynâ`ny`n }lu`lyojo n mnnâľf`nan`nyľjľ nyľj}ľ`ľ ioy ślfo`ml ‘bl}oyoxo tl bô}ðyðxð o`l!nwny`ny tl



>2

xkj|jmn cn`fk|jn bomoòy* Nx ľjmn cn`fk|jn bo}al mncn mkěy|x|j|

i|`nioàljoj nmľ mlěo`moy6 x|ân, f|x|yn tl cn}nn ky}nf lmoàljoj ioy

inśfn k`|m|y*

Njhnf cnjbo alhòx}l njnnxn bôyðśðàll inś`njľyxn inś`njxľj,

âľfľś #n mn inś`njbľâ/ jkf}nxľjmn ‘cly ð`fljoj fljmo âľfnyľjľ

bôul}`llioàlxo oâoj! ilòy o ô`âð}`ly tl mlěośalu`ly ilòy`ljalf

m|y|a|jmn fn`ľjnioòy* ķś}l |fnyľmn bljoś bljoś nj`n}ann ân`ľś}ľěľaľu

ô`âð}`ly tl ôulj bôx}lyoàlxo blylflj c|x|x`ny i| jlmlj`l f|y|`nhnf

njnnxnjľj ðfð âlflj moylf`lyo kàn`ľmľy }luojo oś`lmof* Lěly cly śl

ioòaoj, njxľu`ľěľj, mljloaoj tl ny} jol}oj fnyľśanmľěľ ioy ulaojml

ðyðlhlfxl, i| k` il`ò fo lj l}foò, inśnyľ`ľ tl |bny k` k`nioòy*

Lěly inxľjmnj ou`lmof`lyoaoul tl xkj nyľa ðuľ`mľy nśnmľf`nyľaľun

bôyl mlěly`ljmoyal nwnyxnf, i| ð`flml njxľu ioy ô`âð nynhľjľ i|ànjľj

uky k`nhněľjľ nj`nnioòyou* _nwľ`nhnf ljo njnnxnn bô`bl mðśðylhlf

ioyâkf k`nľ nśnmľf tl nśľky|u* ķâ tl mľś nâľf`nan`ny, ôjlyo`ly,

ilnj`ny, ljo njnnxnjľj nśn}ann ân`ľś}ľěľaľu, ilòyò }lal` o`fl`ly

ðulyojl f|y|à|ś 37 fðx|y ľ``ľf ]ðyfol H|ac|yol}o‟joj nwľxľjľ,

bl`lhlf}l ioy }nfľa fnybnśn`ľěn mn xðyðf`lal k`nxľ`ľěľ nyn}nhnf, fôf}lj

ioy mlěośofòěl |ěyn}ľànxľ ôjðjml bôyðjðky*

Xð}}lj něuľ njnj`ny kě|ymn ðd`llylf lyaoś* I| jlmlj`l in}ľmnj

ioy ilnj nwľ`mľěľjmn, ioy lyoaoul ly n mn blâ ioy cnjâly

xkf|`nhněľjľj f|śf|x|j| ðulyoaoumlj n}naľky|u* Âðjfð i| cnjâlyo

clw lmof #Fľiyľx‟}n, Lbl‟ml, Bðjlmkě|mn, Oynf‟}n, Nty|wn Ioyòěojml,

Xkfľyľa k`nan`nyľjmn tl mncn kj`nyhnxľ/* _ljo njnnxn xôuð ml o`f

k`nynf NI‟mlj bl`mo* 9778 ml Nyol Kkx`njmly }nyndľjmnj fn`lal n`ľjnj

ynwkymn Flanòua‟oj njnnxnmnj âľfny}ľànxľ ox}ljmo* Mncn xkjyn NFW,

9774‟mn ljo njnnxn boyośoaojo ]KII‟joj mlx}lěo`l inś`n}}ľ* ]KII‟|j

blylfâlxo oxl lj ôjlaò xoto` }kw`|a ôybð}ðaðaðuðj njnnxnmnj jl



>3

nj`nmľf`nyľjľ ky}nn fknhnf |jx|y nyľ oâlyokym|5 ‐Alth|} njnnxn

xnjnohoaouoj ylfnil} bðhðjð fľxľ} ľkya|ś* ]ðyf xnjnoho tl oś

nmna`nyľjľj |`|x`nynynxľ ky}namn ylfnil} bðhðjð ny}ľynioàlxo oâoj _ljo

Njnnxn nwľànxľ blylfokya|ś‑* I| nf`nśľa ôul` of`l |y}mľśľjmn,

ð`flo wnyxl``lalf oâoj dľyxn} fk` nnj âltyl`ly }nyndľjmnj bôf`lyl

âľfnyľ`mľ tl |y}oâojmlj k`|ś}|y|`nj ośioy ofâo fkyk }nyndľjmnj kànuxn

kànu ioy blylfòòf boio fna|k|jn x|j|`m|*

Xľynmn, In`fnj`nyľ wnynawnyân l}aoś tl l}alf}l k`nj, ioy unanj`nyľj

In`fnj`nś}ľyan wkò}ofnxľjľj }ky|j`nyľjľ ljomlj mltyll xkfan

i|`|janf}nmľy* Nâľ`ľa tntl`nxľ nmľ n`}ľjmn, Iððf Ao``l} Alhòxo‟jml io`l

fkj|ś`njaľś ioy flxoa, ljo njnnxnn, ð`flo wnyân`nnhnf, l}jof tl

mojxl` k`nynf iô`ðf wôyâðf lmlhlf anmml`ly lf`laljoj dľyxn}ľjľ

fk``nanf}nmľy*

Lěly h|ac|yol}oj }lal` f|y|`|ś o`fl`lyojl xncow âľfnannhnfxnjľu,

ljo njnnxn nwľaľjn coâ boyall oa mlyoa* >?37 njnnxnxľjľj

xnt|j|`nhnf lyo kànmľěľjľ, cly }nyndľjľj môfð`mðěðjð ioòky|u* ]lf

}|}|`nhnf lyo H|ac|yol}oj }lal` o`fl`lyojo ‘mlěoś}oyo`lalu anmml`ly

k`nynf! ślf`lj ml k`xn iðjlxojml i|`|jm|yanxľmľy* _ljo njnnxn

cnuľy ľěľ o`l i| }lal` o`fl`ly fn`mľyľànn n mn x|`njmľyľànn boyośoòyxl,

iojnľ ‘cly śll fnyśľj! nnf}n }|}nj }lal` xð}|j`ny ľfľàľś k`nhnf}ľy*

Lěly ljo njnnxn nwľaľjmn xnmlhl jol}, blyâlf}l nfxnnj

anmml`lyoj mlěoś}oyoàlxo oxl, njxľu tl blyâlfâo ioy nf`nśľa`n iððf

ô`âðml yltoul lmoàlxo aðafðj k`nioòy* _kf nwľľ }ðað`l mlěoś}oyalf

jol}o tnyxn k unanj cly anmmlxojl |unjľànxľ fnâľjľànu k`nhnf}ľy*

Iľâněľj xľy}ľjmn ðyðall inś`nmľf6 mo`lyoa xkj|j| bl}oyoyou* In}ľjľj

mlymo, ojxnj cnf`nyľ tl iljulyo śl`ly mlěo` #k`xnmľ, Oynf‟}n, Wnfox}nj‟mn,

@oin‟mn, Ndyofn‟jľj cly lyojml, Tol}jna‟mn |b|`ny`nymľ/, kj`nyľj mlymo,



>?

Ôj Nxn‟ľ l`l blâoyalf, f|y}|`|ś aðhnml`l`lyojoj xoablxo ioy ð`flo tl

òmlyojo xo`lioàlf}oy*

XKJ\JMN U\YJNJOJ UOY] L]]Ěķ JKF]N_N BL@MķF

Mnyil`lyoj jo}lòfxou fośo`lyo }nyndľjmnj tl ojl iððf ioy k`nxľ ľf`n

x}yn}leof ky}nf`nyľaľu }nyndľjmnj l` n }ľjmnj ôjlyo`lj tl âľfnyľ`nj

njnnxn`ny`n ]ðyfol âľfanu xkfněn xkf|`m|* I| njnnxn`ny`n ioy lyl

bo}alf aðafðj mlěo`mo* Njhnf ]kxn‟n bomlyflj ltmlfo i|`b|ymnj kàn

fkyf|x| mn inś`nmľ* _ljo njnnxn nwn`ľa mlyflj, ð`fljoj fnybnśn`ľěnxðyðf`ljal, wnyân`njan k`nxľ`ľěľ mn âľf}ľ* Ky}n Mkě|mn i|bðj nf mlěojl

ofojho bðj fnyn molj, ślyldojo ky}nn fkm|ě| śl`lyo nâľf`njnj inj}`ny`n

nw}ľěľ bôyð`lj, il` o fo }nyoc}lj iljuly śl`lymlj lxoj`ljallj,

Nalyofn‟jľj mðalj x||jmnj bo}alo inśnyľ xnnj, Nty|wn Ioyòěojoj

jol}ojo nj`nnannj ioy cðfðal}l ilòyò ioy flxoa bðtljlalmoěo oâoj

nwľ`nhnf njnnxn boyośoaojl }lwfo fkanf}nmľy* Wlyślailjoj blòśojo

ânyśnainmnj nj`nanf boio ioy śl*

79*79*97>9 }nyocojml ðyð}aljoj inśľ k`nj ôjl}oho, m|y|w m|y|yflj,

ojxnjľj }ð`lyojo ðywly}lhlf ioy nâľf`nanmn i|`|jm|5 ‐Iou mojmny ioy

bljâòf l}oś}oyalf ox}oky|u, HCW ox}okyxn n}lox} bljâòf l}oś}oyxoj‑ mlmo*

Iô`l ioy nâľf`nanjľj ljoòy |}|`|y ioy }nyndľ kf* Jlylxojmlj infxnjľu

infľj x|â tl }|unf oâlyoky* I|j`nymnj ioyfnâľjn mlěojoyxlf njnnxnľ

ljomlj nwann fn`fľśnj`nyľj jol}ojo njo wlyślailjoj bl ośojo

ânyśnainmnj ôěyljaoś k`|yx|j|u*

>* Mncn ôjhl, il`ò fo lj nu ioy fľxaľ h|ac|yol} mltyoao o`fl`lyojl

bôyl mðulj`ljaoś k`nj njnnxn o`l omnyl lmo`lj i| ð`flml l}oślj`ly,

njo iou`ly i| m|y|amn iððf ioy âkě|j`|f`n n}lox} k`m|f*



97

9* A|cn`ldl} wny}oxojoj ioyojl, wny}o`ly nxnxľjmn mojo xô`la`lyl

fnyľśanf nxnf`njaľś kànxľjn fnyśľj, mojo n mn moj fnyśľ}ľ ioy foaòf

cðfal}aoś k`|kyx|j|u*

8* Blâly o njnnxnaľumn, wny}o`lyoj moj ox}oxanyľ nwanxľ

ôj`ljalxojl tl mlt`l}l `nof kàn uky|j`|`|ě| bl}oyalxojl #mlt`l}oj

l}foò k`m|ě| xðylhl ðyð}ðhðxð cðfðal}`lymoy/ fnyśľj iô`l ioy nâľf`nan

alth|} njnnxnn }ðað`l nfľyľ bôyðjalf}lmoy*

=* Iľynfľj Aðx`ðanj`ľěľ, ioumlj ioj ľ` ôjhl ky}nn âľfaľś moj`lyml

io`l i| bðjl fnmny coâ foaxl mojmny`ľěľj ô`âðxðjð clyflxoj

iljoaxllhlěo ioâoaml }nyod lmlalaoś}oy* Lěly mojoaouml ylśo} nśn

fnmny mojo tlhoil`lyoj nwľànxľjľ uky|j`| bôyallj ioy nj`nľś i| bðjl

fnmny oo fô}ð |b|`njľw blòyflj, ky}n lěo}oamlfo âkh|f`nyľ |ayll

bôjmlyalf oâoj ânin`nnj i|bðjfð Ao`ò Lěo}oa Infnjľ mojmny`ľf`n o`boò

ô`âð}`lyo ioâlhlfxl tnc i| ð`fljoj cnòjl*** Io lio moěoa fnmnyľ`n

mojmny`ľf`n o`boò ô`âal ośojo iouun} mojoaouoj fljmoxo ]njyľn iľynfaľś}ľy*

I|jn aðmncn`l ]njyľjľj no} k`nj inuľ l}fo`lyo ðx}`ljal nj`naľjn blòy*

<* Mojmny l}oś}oylhlěoa mokyx|j|u* Jll bôyl mojmny; Xnmlhl

Aðx`ðanj`ľf mlěo , io`moěoaou moj`lyoj clalj clwxo iô`ðf wôyâðf}ðy*

Ioyâkf fośojoj unjjl}}oěojoj nfxojl moj`ly nynxľjmn ô`lj fośo`ly iouun} mojoj

aluclw`lyo n mn by|w`nyľ nynxľjmnfo ân}ľśan`nymnj ô`lj`lymlj âkf mncn

numľy* Nty|wn >77 ľ` n mn 87 ľ` xntnś`nyľjľ ikś|jn aľ nw}ľ* ]nyoc

ioàoky k`nio oyxojou #ôjl}oho lyoaouoj ioàlmoěojo cly xô`la`lyojmlj

nj`ľky|u/6 njhnf âltylaouml k`|w io}lj`lyo ml ao bôyaðkyx|j|u* Oynf‟}n

Śon #fljmo oâojml Ulmol, Hndlyo tl ķxanoòl dľfľc aluclw`lyojmlj

k`|śa|ś/ o`l Xðjjo #Cnjldo, Śndoo, Anòfo tl Cnjil`ê dľfľc aluclw`lyojmlj

k`|śa|ś/ ân}ľśanxľjmnj ao`kj|j ðulyojml, X|yol‟ml cly bðj kj`nyhn,

Aľxľy‟mn Aðx`ðanj Fnymlś`ly nmľ n`}ľjmn mncn n`} iô`ðjal`lyl no}

by|w`nymnj, ķynj‟mn, @ðijnj‟mn, _lalj‟ml, ið}ðj i|j`nyľ iľynfľj nfľj



9>

}nyocoaouml Anynś‟}n, Âky|a‟mn tl Xotnx‟}n ô`mðyð`lj ojxnj`nyľ bôyaðky

a|x|j|u; I|j`ny clwxo i| mojoj lt`n}`nyľ6 njhnf mðjnmn mojmny k`|w mn!

iljoaxlxl ml iljoaxlalxl ml! aluclio`l njľànnj oâ foaxl kf

boio* Lěly ioy ôjl}oho ilj mojmny l}oś}oylhlěoa mokyxn, i| njhnf ioy

aluclil aljx|w aoò}nj l}oś}oylioòy․

Mkěy|x| ôjl}ohoaouo ou`lyflj ‐clycn`ml ioymlj fľubľj`ľěľjn bl`mo tl

něuľjmnj ox}lallylf i| xôu`ly âľf}ľ‑ mol mðśðjðyflj, ôjðjmlfo

wykal}yll infnynf #njo nuľ`ľ ioy al}jo moj`loho`lyoj bôylalmoěo ioy

hnan nf}nyanf x|yl}o`l/ fkj|ś}|ě|j| bôymða* Mlalf fo mncn ôjhl

nuľàľś, ðulyojml mðśðjðàðś, ynx} bl`l xô`ljlj ioy nâľf`nan mlěo`* ķo

fo i|j`nyľ ilj xô`lalmoa, kfxn njľ bðj inśxnthľ`ľf }nòan}ľ o`l

‐Njnnxnn a|cn`ldl}}lj, moj tl fnymlś mðśanj`ľěľ nwanf}nj tl âl}l

k`|ś}|yanf}nj‑ }|}|f`njnioòymoa․

Nmna ilyilyl bomoky, ‐xnâľa nf aľ fnyn aľ‑ moky* Ilyily ‐nhl`l

l}al ioynu xkjyn ôjðjl mðślyxl bôyðyxðj moky* Il`ò fo njnnxn oâoj

ioyo`lyojoj nhl`lxo tny tl il`fo ml tlyoàoś xôuð tny* Jol} kf|nanľu*

Njhnf ]ðyf moò ylxao mo` kànf}nj âľfnyľ`ľw, inśfn mo``ly ml

xkf|ś}|y|`|yxn, `nofòf }|}|h|`nyľj nj`nmľěľ nj`namn }nyod`ljall

fn`fľśľyxn, coâ f|śf|j|u kànxľj i| ]ðyfol H|ac|yol}o‟joj xkj|

k`nhnf}ľy* K unanj ôjðaðul mðślj xnmlhl xnâľaľu mlěo` inśľaľu

k`nhnf}ľy* Mo`lyoa N}n}ðyf H|ac|yol}o tl i| ð`fljoj lxljòěojo mðśðjlj

wny}o`ly iô`l ioy bnd`l}l mðśalu*

Wykd* My* Nò Mlaoyxk

Xltboò Fnymlśoa



99

_ljo ioy njnnxnjľj nwľànxľ bðjmlal blàoś i|`|janf}nmľy* I|

alhòxoj ljo ioy njnnxn nwľw nwnannhněľ c|f|f|j ośomoy* Njhnf

inuľ anmml`lyoj ðulyojml kjnjanxľ fkj|x|jmn něľumn bltl`ljlj

mðśðjhl`ly ]ðyfol H|ac|yol}o‟joj xkj|j| bl}oylhlf |jx|y`nyľ

inyľjmľyanf}nmľy*

]nyoc}lj tlyo lj ôyjlf`ly`l i| }lc ofljoj jl mlj o iððf k`nhněľ

xlybo`ljall ân`ľśľàľś}ľy* Blòj xnâľaľu ôjðaðul mðśalmlj ś| ośoj

nx`ľjľ ioyòf}l nj`nn`ľa․

Xnbľ`nyľa`n

tÜrkİye cumhurİyetİ kalacak mi, yoksa kİmlİk mİ deĞİŞtİrecek?

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