turk-moğol Şamanizminin tasavvufi İslam tarikatlari Üzerindeki tesiri (köprülüzade- m. fuad)...

7/31/2019 Turk-Moğol Şamanizminin Tasavvufi İslam Tarikatlari Üzerindeki Tesiri (Köprülüzade- M. Fuad) (Çev-Ferhat Tamir) (…

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1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVK ‐ EDėDCŗAEAGĽ\EĽGĽG PAYAZZ^JÇĽYCÆE PAV ĽKAPCAVO

Ó\NV ĽG@NK Ľ PNYĽV Ľ ",/

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n`ninĔo| zn focbayya Yûjçcok pavobog`n f~hógn kaàv bneng

bneng boè javk ıga zav ıceaeıŔ dcag fov b~y~ya òkkap ènkninĔo|'

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`óŔógeóŔpó"6/' Ľck Póvk e~payazzıjcav ı bakk ıgàko nynvoeo|`n#

Póvk pavokapcav ıgıg ng nykoyo dcag _nynzon pavokapıgàko

ŗaeago|eog fa|ı èav}ıiı o|cnvogo húypnvòk"9/' ŗoeò fa|ı pavobç

zn npgdhvajok eacûeapa àagavak f~ enyncno fova| àbaa`ıgcapeaı av|~ nòdv~|' Fóók yûjocnvog payazz~j

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nbneeonppng dky~g dcavak pncakko nòcnen|'

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àba |oa`n Ľycæeınpog fngnceocnc fov kavakpnvn fóvógnvnk"0/

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k~|nog`nko Póvk fdcav ıgıg Eóycóeag dceayıgà úgneco fov

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6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

fov ojpova dcavak kaf~c npenyogn vaĔeng# fo||ap f~engkıfngog pnŔnkkócó# pae pnvyogn fo|n# pavobç fovhnvènĔo bafnv znvodv' ŗó}bnyo| nyko Póvk aocnyogogeæ`nvŔæbo fov kavakpnv paŔıeayıgıg ydg~i~ dcavak#ka ıga bæcæ fóók fov úgne znvocodv`~ zn Ľycæe(ıgbókóecnvogn vaĔeng ka`ıgcav back pd}cagpıcavıga

kapıcafocodvcav`ı"8/' F~ æ`np húènfn baapıgı yóv`óvngPóvkcnv`n hógóeó|n kaàv `nzae nppo zn ó|ógó}nèncn úvpen æ`npo# faŔcaghıèpag opofavng ya`nin#Ľycæeonp(og npkoyogog òĔnvcnvogn húvn àba èdkboyynòcòĔo Ŕnbovcnv`n zn kayafacavà nvcnŔpo'

F~ engkıfn`ng# húènfn Póvkcnvog kngòcnvogoĽycæe(a ogag`ıvag kngò ydcavıgàg yûjocnvo#ŗaeagcav"Póvkèn<Kae/ hofo `óŔóg`ókcnvo ydg~i~gazavafocovo|' Dg~g oèog nvknkcnv zn ka`ıgcav ògç pd}cagpıcavà"2/ èdk vabapcıkca ba|ıv f~c~g~dvcav`ı' F~pd}cagpıcavà ŗaeagcavıg `~acavı nvogn kngò òccnvog`nfnypncngeoŔ payazz~jç ocæbçcnv ogcodvcav`ı'

Nyko fov Eóycóeag a|av"?/# _nynzonpavokapıga bay dcag zn |okov%o nvvn "gakavap |okvo/ òna`cag`ıvıcag |okov pav|ıgıg# ú|nccokcn Póvkcnvog |nzkogninza} znvòĔogo; f~ pav| |okov`n K~|n Aya(gıghúènfn Póvk fdcavıgıg ŗaeagcava bay zni` znvoiod~gcavıgàg fovèdk o|cnv f~c~g`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnv'

_nynzon pavokapıgıg ock k~v~c~Ŕ~bakkıgàko fochocnvoeo|og npnvyo| dceayı# fo|oengkıfncnvn faŔz~veak |dv~gà fıvakıdv' F~engkıfncnv# nyko Póvk fdcavıgıg fovèdĔ~gà f~c~gagúkó| k~vfag npen æ`npogog f~ pavokappa `n zavdc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvodv"c=/' _nynzç engkıfncnvog`n hú|nèav}ag fov faŔka ú|nccok àba zav`ıv' F~# _nynzç

zncocnvogog e~io|ncnvo ocn F~òyp nveoŔcnvog e~io|ncnvoavayıgàko fóók fng|noŔpov' Enyncæ# engkıfnn húvnAben` _nynzç zn `nvzoŔcnvo k~Ŕ y~vnpogn hovnvnk ~èeaencnknyogn yabo} dc~vcav; fo| agı o`òaa yık yıkFnkpaŔ ç engkıfncnvog`n `n vaypcavı|"11/' F~ e~io|nzç ~è~Ŕa Èog Póvkoypagı zncocnvogog engkıfncnvog`n `nvaypcagıcıv'

F~ agcapıcagcavca Bod~ng P(Yagh pavaj ıgàggakcnòcng F~òyp engkıfncnvo avayıgà à fovfng|nvcok dceayı hnvnkov"16/' F~ fng|nvcok# Póvkcnvog~|~g |aeagàg fnvo aŔa ıĔı fa|ı fúchncnv`n# enyncæYnb~g gnbvo kııcavıgà zn @dĔ~ Póvkoypag( a ~|~g

|aeagàg fnvo enzi~p dcag F~ò|e hncngnkcnvogog fov`nzaeı zna Póvk nzcoa engkıfncnvo oèogn nyko fov Bogpjdckcdv pneayıgıg kavıŔeayıgıg ydg~i~ dcaea| eı4Bdpng ènzvnyog`nko nzcoa en|avcavıgàg fov kaèıgıgnyko F~òyp eagaypıvcavı dc`~Ĕ~g~ ocnvo yóvng Hvngav`#bakcı dcavak nyko Póvkcnv`nko apacav kócpógóg# f~en|avcava yahıgıg nvogn okaen nòcòĔogo ocæznnòdv"1>/' _ogn ocæzn n`ncoe ko# Bogp

jdckcdv~gà vaypcagag pneacavıg fov kaèı# yú| kdg~y~engkıfncnvog fa|ıcavıgà f~c~geakpa`ıv< Aben`_nynzç(gog bayıecavı# dg~ bıvyı|cıkca y~ècaeakgonpocn# úc`óvóceóŔ fov úkó|ó e~pjaĔıgafıvakeıŔcav`ı' Jakap _nynzç# bayıecavıgı kú}nk bacognhnpovò zn d úc`óvóceóŔ úkó|ó dgcava nòvò"1:/'

Úpnko pnyovcnv hofo Póvk ŗaeago|eog`n F~ò|e‟ogo|cnvo `n zav`ıv' @dĔv~àg `dĔv~a dceaya àŗaeago|e‟og zayıpayıca Bog`~ ògog`ng hncngpnyovcnvog _nynzon pavokapıgà húvócenyo obpoeacogo hú|úgóg`ng ~|ak p~peaeak hnvnkov'

Póvk yûjçcoĔogog ock `nzvncnvo bakkıgàkofochocnvoeo| avppıkèa ŗaeago|eog _nynzonpavokapıgàko o|cnvo# ago nyko Póvk ògogogĽycaecaŔeıŔ kacıgpıcavı# fo|n àba aèık dcavakhúvógódv' Enyncæ# Dvpa Aya zn nyko Aga`dc~ nzcoaengkıfncnvog`n d kaàv èdk pnkvavcagag e~ka``nyaĔaècav"18/# f~ ènŔop o|cnv`ng faŔka fov Ŕn `nĔocòv'

Ľycæe óckncnvo oèog`n fapı

a `dĔv~ dcag Póvk húècnvo 1='ó|ıcàg 10' ó|ıca kaàv yóv`ó zn f~gàgagcaŔıcaiaĔı ó|nvn# Póvkcnv avayıgàko ĽycæecaŔea fovkaè ó|ıc fd~gia `nzae nppo# fúcnin ŗaeagoyppnyovcnv `~veaàg ngocngò zn ŗaeago|e hóiógó paeagcaeıca kafnpenò"12/' Dg~g oèog fo| 19'ó|ıcà# Bavn|eŔabcavıg yavaıgà# nyko Póvkcnvogfa|ı yobvç hncngnkcnvogog zav dc`~Ĕ~g~ húvódv~|"1?/'

OOEdĔdc oypocæyıgıg Ľycæe `ógayıgıg yoayç

hncoŔenyo ó|nvog`nko pnyovcnvo ~e~eonpcn focogov' @ogç pavob aèıyıgàg# f~ oypocægıg# àba úgin fov faŔkanynvoeo|`n"6=/ aèıkca`ıĔıeı| fovèdk gnpoincnvo àba

zav`ıv' Fo| f~vaà dgcavı pnkvav ncn aceıdv~|'Fo|oe Ŕoeòko eakya`ıeı|# f~ oypocægıg

av`ıgàg EdĔdc ŗaeago|eogog fa|ı Eóycóeagpavokapcav ó|nvog`n fıvakeıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ o|cnvoavaŔpıveakpag ofavnppov' _akıg%@dĔ~(à# ĽcbagcıcavèaĔıgà dv`~à zn EdĔdc yavaıgà ŗaeagcavıgf~c~g`~Ĕ~g~ focodv~|' Ľcbagcıcavıg Ľycæeonpo kaf~cnpenyog`ng ydgva focn ŗaeagcav zavcıkcavıgı yóv`óveóŔcnvòv"61/' F~gàg akcaŔık fov ó|ıc ydgvaà# Ľycæe‟ıg nyaycavıga èdk faĔcı zn f~ nyaycavı oè}dcopokayı oèog fov àagak dcavak k~ccagag Poe~v(~gdv`~y~gà focn bæcæ ŗaeagcav zav`ı"66/' Úcn ko

EdĔdc ŗaeago|e‟o ocn pneay bacog`nko fúchncnv`nf~c~gag fa|ı payazz~jç pavokapcavà# EdĔdcŗaeago|e‟ogog o|cnvogog enif~vç dcavak húvócenyohnvnkov'

&Vojæ(on& pavokapıgıg k~v~i~y~ Aben`ó(c%Vojæ(`ng fabyn`ng# pagıgeıŔ Ľycæe pavobèoyo \nbnfç# f~pnyovog zavcıĔıgı Ŕ~ eógaynfnpcn aèıkcıdv< &Jakap óncnvoavayıgà oocnvo dc`~Ĕ~ hofo kúpócnvo `n zav`ı' PapavcavıgOvak‟ı oypocæ nppokcnvo pavobpng opofavng#



9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Vojæ‟çcnv avayıgà gn ŗnb Aben`(og gn `neóvopcnvogog focenòkcnvo ıcagcavca dgaeak# zabŔobazagcava fogenk# apnŔn hovenk hofo bdkkafa| znŔnpag pakıeıgıg oŔcnvo kngòyogo húypnvò"69/'&

Hanp pafooòv ko Ovak(pa# A|nvfaiag( a#

Aga`dc~(à zn bappa Acpıgdv`~‟g~g fa|ı envkn|cnvog`naıceıŔ dcag Vojæ(çn zna nyko Abenòn pavokapı#æçgcnvogog `ıŔ húvógóŔcnvog`n EdĔdc ŗaeago|eogognpkoyo acpıgà kaceıŔpı< Hnvènkpng# fov agàg Vojæ(o`nvzoŔcnvo EdĔdccav gn|òg`n opofav yabofo dceak oèogdgcavıg ŗaeagcavàg fnkcnòkcnvo yobovco zn dcaĔagóypóhúypnvocnvo dgcava a}eak |dv~gà`ıcav; òĔnv pavajpagoyn# yavacavıgà Ľycæeonpog edà dc`~Ĕ~ kngòıvkcavıgàg Ŕnjcnvog zn }vngycnvog bdŔ~ga hopenk zn fo||apoèog`n aŔa ıkcavı Ľycæeç e~boppn opofav ka|ageak oèog#Ľycæe zn ú|nccokcn kngòcnvogn ~h~g dcag Yûjçcıkeayknyogo pakeak# EdĔdc Ŕaeagcavıgıg oŔogn

hncodv`~"60/' \apng hngoŔ húvóŔn yabo} Eóycóeagy~jocnv# eóyaeabayı| Ľycæeonp agcaıŔıgıg èdk kapı kao`ncnvog`ng k~vp~ce~Ŕcav`ı zn bak en|bn}cnvnakıvı agcaıŔcava va|ı dc`~kèa# Ľycæeonpog aıceayı eakya`ıca bavia`ıkcavı èafacavı eóekóg dc`~Ĕ~kaàv npkoco kıceak oèog bnv póvcó zayıpaàgjaàcageaa èacıŔıdvcav`ı'

EdĔdc bækoeonpo èaĔıgıg ~e~eç b~y~yonpcnvo pnpkok nòcovyn# EdĔdc bókóeàvcavıgıghú|óg`n# `nzcnpog engjaapcnvogog zn eoccç hncngnkcnvog# Eóycóeag dc`~kpag ydgva à ògç ngòŔncnv`ng úgin hncòĔo javk nòcov"6>/' Avıia f~`nzvog bnv póvcó ògç kavıŔıea eóyaop dc`~Ĕ~ kdcaia

agcaŔıcaiakpıv'OOO

19' ó|ıcıg ydg~gà# Ľcbagcıcav yavaıgàfóók fov Ŕúbvnp yabofo dcag FAVAK FAFA"6:/#EdĔdc ŗaeago|eo‟gog Yûjçcok ó|nvog`nko npkoyogoghó|nc fov úvgnĔoòv'

Ha|ag Bag(ıg %àba ydgva Dciap~(g~g%ó|nvog`n fóók fov gój~|~ dcag f~ e~payazzıj Póvk# f~bókóeàvıg yacpagapıgà# H~ncæg fúchnyogn a}ıcag~|~g ynjnvcnvog úgióyó dc`~' \apng B' 8=8 ıcıgà f~fúchn`n úc`óvóc`ó' Fo||ap Baiı FnkpaŔ ç Zncç(gog"68/eóvopcnvog`ng fovoyo dcag enŔb~v Yavı Yacp~k(~g eóvoò

oò' Yavı Yacp~k kdg~y~gà npnvo kaàv hngoŔ focho zav`ıv' F~g~gca fovcokpn# 19' ó|ıc Póvk ògpavobog`n èdk úgneco dcag f~ oko Ŕabyonppng òĔnvobakkıgàko fochocnv bngó| nkyokpov' Favak Fafakdg~y~gà bngó| boè fov avaŔpıveagıg a}ıceaeıŔ dceayı ó|óió`óv#

F~g~gca fnvafnv# f~ `nzov ocn ochoco Ľvag znEıyıv kagakcavıgà# f~ y~jo bakkıgà npnvo kaàv

hngoŔ focho zav`ıv' Agı |aeagà f~ yûjçgogbokenpcnvo `n ncogo|`nòv"62/' F~ fnchncnvn àagavak#ocnvo`n f~gcav kdg~y~gà aıgcaeaı `óŔóg`óĔóeó|fov edgdhvajo ba|ıvca`ık' Dg~g oèog fabynòcng pnenckagakcavàg ac`ıĔıeı| Favak(ıg zn eóvopcnvogog hócógè

kıcıkcavıca ochoco fochocnvo f~vaà ú|npcnnvnk# EdĔdcŗaeago|eo‟gog pnyovcnvogo f~ kıajnpcnv ó|nvog`nogincnenk oypnòk'

10' ó|ıc faŔcavıgà Favak# kngòyognvnjakap n`ng fov hv~} eóvoòcn fovcokpn ŗae(ahncòĔog`n# ó|nvcnvog`nko aiao} ncfoyncnv backı bavnpn`óŔóv`ó' Bakcavıgà póvkócnv fnypncngò zn dgcavıgp~baj vnyoecnvo húchn poapvdcavıgà húypnvocò' Dgcavıgkıajnpcnvo ocn ochoco dcag f~ fochocnvog hnvènkcoĔog`ngaŔca Ŕó}bn nòcnen|<

&Kúkpng pıvaŔ nòceoŔ yakaccavı# hóv fııkcavı zav`ı' Ľko agıga fdg~| pakıceıŔ# knèn`ng kócæb

hoeoŔcnvò' Fd~gcavı

gà úkó|óg aŔı

k kneokcnvo#kıgacı ó|cnv# ~i~ nĔvo `nĔgnkcnv zn èıghıvakcavayıcı`ı' @ıŔ húvógóŔcnvo èdk èovkog zn kdvk~gèp~'@az~ccav zn òĔnv1 èachıcavàg enàga hncng foveı|ıka pakıecavı zav`ı' Fovcokpn yúcnòkcnvo eavŔ#èıghıvak# k~v~ kneok zn `nĔgnk ynycnvocn kavıŔık f~eó|oĔog ynycnvo d kaàv kdvk~gè fov hóvócpóèıkavıdv`~ ko# Y~von backı# fo||ap ŗnpagıg f~Ŕavkıcava kapıc`ıĔıgı o`òa nòdv`~' Fov hóg FavakFafa(a goèog fúcn `nĔoŔok kıcıkca hn|òĔo ydv~c`~' Dà &Jakovcnvn aca kdg~y~ dceak oypnòe& òn inza}znvò'&

Agcapıcıdv ko f~ Ŕnb# Ha|ag Bag b~|~v~ga ock

`nja hncòĔog`n# úgógn kı|hıg fov ka}cag yacıznvocò'Jakap f~ Ŕnbog faĔıvıŔı kavŔıyıgà ıvpıiı bazag hnvoènkocò' Favak# ŗae(a hncòĔo |aeag ogn zabŔo fov`nznk~Ŕ~ ocn kdvk~p~ceak oypngò' Jakap Ŕnb `nvbac`nznk~Ŕ~g~g ó|nvogn apca`ı zn dg~g yıvpıgà fovenàg p~v~ a}pı' ŗnbog npkoyocn `nzn k~Ŕ~g~g fova|~èp~Ĕ~ à gakcnòcodv' Favak# kngòyogn znvocng }avaı ncog`n p~pea|`ı# enàgà àĔıpıv`ı' Ynzk znoàvncnvogo `ó|ngn kdeak hanyocn# eóvopcnvogo fovpnŔkocæpa faĔcaeıŔpı zn dgcavı hú|npcnenk oèog ú|nc fov|afıpa pnŔkocæpı zav`ı' NĔnv pnya`ójng eóvopcnvog`ngfovoyo# ofa`npcnv`ng fovogo nvogn hnpoven|yn# dga oveo

`nĔgnk in|a znvov zn agı

hóg hógnŔ fappı

kpag ydgva|okov pd}cagpıyı a}ıcıv`ı' F~g~gca fnvafnv fa|ı kagakcav# f~ ogyagcavıg Vaea|ag dv~i~ga voanpnpenòkcnvogo zn hógabcavıg bnv ènŔoògo oŔcnenenkkah~y~g~ }nk ~ea`ıkcavıgı fncovpodvcav"6?/'

@nĔoŔok kagakcavàg nc`n nppoĔoeo| f~ kıyafochocnv Favak(ıg zn eóvopcnvogog EdĔdcŗaeago|e‟og`ng gn `nvnin npkocngeoŔ dc`~Ĕ~g~ hanphó|nc húypnvodv' F~ eógaynfnpcnvo aba ja|ca



0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

èdĔacpeak oèog# dgcavı# npgdhvajcav pavaj ıgàg ŗaeagcav

bakkıgà znvocng fa|ı pavojcnvcn e~kanyn n`ncoe<

O% Ľko Fdg~|c~ FaŔcık ŗaeago|e `n faŔcık d kaàv úgnecoòv ko#

Eóycóeag pavokapcavà k~ccagıcag èdk ènŔopco faŔcıkcavı fncovpng kncoen paè kncoenyoòv' Eóycóeag dcag Kıvhı|%

Ka|akcavıg fakyıcavı# agı ıvkıg òĔnv jnvpcnvog`ng boè fov

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]ĽV%Ľ PÓVKĽYPAG BDIAABEN@ _NYNZÇ(@N PAYAZZ^J@ÓŗÓGINYĽ

_v`' @dè' @v' Vı`zag IAGOE

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Ŕnbovcnv`n `nĔoc# húènfn Póvkcnv avayıgà à a| èdk aıceıŔ oò "1/'

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' F~ ~h~g Ŕavpcav acpı

gà Aben` _nynzç#PaŔkngp zn Yıv`nva úvnyog`n Ynb~g(~g úpnyog`nkofd|kıvcavà aŔaag húènfn Póvkcnv avayıgà k~zznpco fovgój~| yabofo dce~Ŕp~' Ľycaeç ocoecnvn zækıj dcag# Ava}èa znJavyèa(ı à focng Aben` _nynzç(gog# ènzvnyog`npd}cagagcava Ľycæeıg nyaycavıgı# Ŕnvoap bókóecnvogo#pavokapıgıg æ`æf zn nvkægıgı úĔvnpenk aeaiıca yúcnòĔo&bokenp(cnv oyn# f~ fóók ogyagıg ea``ç dc`~Ĕ~ kaàveagnzç baapıga àov ydg `nvnin kıenpco fochocnvo fo|nkaàv ~caŔpıveakpa`ıv'

Vozanpcnvn húvn Aben` _nynzç(gog dg oko fogokngò aŔa`ıĔı ènzvn`n# `dkyag `dk~| fogo `n ~|akóckncnv`n f~c~gag eóvo`cnvo zn hncngnĔn ~h~g dcavak

baappa okng paog nppoĔo }nk èdk bacojnyo f~c~geakpa`ı'EóvŔoò ŗnb _~y~j Bnen`ægç hofo Aben` _nynzç `nBagnjç Yóggç fov acoeòv' Ľceo yaĔcae# payazz~j fochoyo `nèdk hóècó`ó' Ľycæe ògogn zn B|' ]nhaefnv(og yóggnpognyıkı yıkıa faĔcı dcag Aben` _nynzç(gog Ŕnvoap ocn pavokapı kdcaia pncoj npenyo# _nynzçcoĔog Yóggç Póvkcnv avayıgàyóvapcn aıcı} nvcnŔenyogog zn àba ydgva dvpaa èıkagfovèdk pavokapcava pnyov npenyogog faŔcıia ynfnfo dce~Ŕp~v"6/'F~ avaà nvo hnceoŔkng Aben` _nynzç(gog Baiı FnkpæŔ%ı Zncç zn Yavı Yacp~k hofo Aga`dc~ zn V~enco nvngcnvo ocnochoyogog oyn àba èdk engkafnzç dc`~Ĕ~g~# f~ kdg~àfocogngcnvog `n ya`nin Nzcoa Èncnfo zn pavobèo Hncofdc~c~

E~ypaja Acç(gog gakcnppokcnvog`ng ofavnp dc`~Ĕ~g~fncovpncoe' ROOO' ó|ıcà Aga`dc~(à _nynzçcoĔog o|cnvo

húvócenkcn fnvafnv f~ pavokapıg |aeagca ú|nccokcn

Baàvçcok zn FnkpæŔ çcok pavokapı oènvoyog`n kafdc~}hoppoĔogo yúcnenk eóekóg`óv "9/'

Fov ogagè yoypneo zn aŔaea foèoeo dcavak_nynzçn pavokapıgıg pnencog`n oko Ŕn f~c~geakpa`ı'F~gcav; &ocoe zn bokenp& ocn &Bagnjç j ıkbı(`ıv' Ľko kapnhdvo`nncn acıgafocnink f~ b~y~ycav; bakokapng oyeocn eóyneea

dcag Bdia Aben` _nynzç pavaj ıgàg eavojnp zn Ŕnvoapoyoecnvo ocn &payazz~j favaĔı acpıgà fov avaa hnpovoceoŔpov'_nynzçcok; bnv Ŕn`ng úgin ydg `nvnin dc~ey~| Ŕavpcavoènvyog`n `dĔ`~' Eagobao|e# Ea|àkçcok zn \nv`óŔpcók hofojavkcı ogagècavıg dĔ~g foèoe`n ocho húv`óĔó fov |neog`n‒Ľycæe( a`ıca dvpaa èıkpı'"0/ Pabeog nòcnfocninĔo hofoĽycae ògogog ydgvako ayıvcavà ogyagcavıg bnv |aeagfovfovcnvogn kavŔı húypnvocenyogo úghúv`óĔó bdŔhúvóó `n}nk húvnenò' _nyo(cocnv pavaj ıgàg dp~| ıc yóvncn paŔcagag#bdvcagag# ojpovacava eav~| kacag bappa f~ ó|`ng dĔc~úc`óvócng">/ húgóccnv y~cpagı f~ fóók ogyag Aben`_nynzç# f~ga vaĔeng eóia`ncnyog`ng `úgenò' Ľycaeonp(n

ngo hoveoŔ dcag zn fóók èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~ dk~ea a|eafocenng húènfn Póvkcnv avayıgà f~ ògog nvcnŔenyo znaıceayı oèog# Ľycae ògogo d ogyagcavıg agcaafocninĔoŔnkoc`n zn ynzon`n agcapeaı faŔaveıŔpıv' Èdk ya`n fovPóvkèn ocn zn Póvkcnvog boè afagiıyı dcea`ıkcavı eoccç Ŕoovzn|go ocn# bnin zn|go ocn &bokenp(cnvogo a|eıŔpıv' _ago#dgcava f~ ngo ògog ogagè zn ofa`npcn ochoco nyaycavıgı kngòòccnvo ocn agcapeıŔpıv' Bdia Aben` _nynzç(gogagcaŔıceayıgà zn ó|ıccavia fópóg Póvkcnvog húgóccnvog`npabp k~veayıgà f~ agcapıe foèoeogog èdk fóók }aı zav`ıv' @oĔnv pavajpag d# ya`n `noŔcnvo ocn Ľycaeonp(o pagıpıvzn aavkng f~ ògog ooo# hó|nco# `dĔv~c~Ĕ~# oo ogyagdceaı# ú|nccokcn ogyagcavı bnv Ŕn`ng úgin ogyag dc`~kcavı

oèog ynzeno# ogyagcava oocok a}eaı zn dgcava bnvfakıeàg jaàcı dceaı pnckog n`ng nyaycavıgı agcapeaaúgne znveoŔpov ":/'

Fópóg pavokapcavà dc`~Ĕ~ hofo _nynzçn pavokapı yæcokcnvo oèog `n ~~ceayı hnvnkng fov æ`æf zav`ı' Aga bapcavı opofavocn òĔnv payazz~j enycnkcnvog`ng }nk javkı dceaagagiak aggpıcavàko fa|ı ú|nccokcnv fakıeıgàg òkkapn`nĔnv nyaycav Ŕ~gcav`ı< Bnv Ŕn`ng úgin eóvo`# boè koeynoŔnbog`ng óypóg húvenenco# e~pcak fov pnycoeonp oènvoyog`ndceacı`ıv' Eóvo` |nko# ~agık zn òkkapco dceacı# Ŕnbogogfópóg oŔavnpcnvogo agcaeacı# Ŕnbogog fópóg yú|cnvog`ng znoŔcnvog`ng va|ı dceacı`ıv' _ogn eóvo` bdiayıgıg kngòyogn

znvòĔo húvnzcnvo fóók fov a

Ĕı

vfaŔcı

cı

kca nvogn hnpovenco#aĔıvàg aceaeacı# oypnkyo|cok# hnzŔnkcok húypnvenenco#fópóg f~gcavıg Ŕnbogog vı|ayı|cıĔıga



11

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

ynfn} dcafocninĔogo focencoòv' Eóvo`# yú|óg`n ya`ık#yaĔcae zn hózngocov dceacı# bdiayıgıg fóókcóĔókdg~y~gà boè fov |aeag Ŕó}bnn `óŔenencoòv'Eóvo`# bdiayıga aop ú|nc fovpakıe yıvcavı yakcaeaı focenco# f~gcavı dc~v dcea| nvcnv`n oj Ŕa npenkpng

Ŕo``npcn yakıgeacı`ıv "8/'Aben` _nynzç(gog yúcnòĔo bokenpcnvog bnv

fovo hnvènkpng fópóg ogyagcık oèog yaa`np zne~pc~c~Ĕ~g yıvvıgı paŔıeakpa`ıv' Aben` _nynzo(nhúvn bakoko fov yûjogog voa|np zn eóiabn`nnacıŔeayı# nen oèen goenpog`ng# bacznp# Ŕnbznp znoŔvnppng ~|ak kaceayı ca|ıe ıv' _nynzçn pavokapıgàbacznpog ú|nc fov nvo zav`ıv' Bacznp nygayıgà gnjyn znŔnpaga aop ba|cav agı} eabzdc~v "2/' Aycıgà Ŕnvoapocn pavokap fovfovog`ng avı Ŕncnv `nĔocòv'

K~c Bæin Aben` k ıvka hovòg k ıv gnjyogo

F~va a a Ĕ caı

} abovnppn pneo|cn kngògo Ľ eag }dyp~ Ŕnvoapp ıv# pavokap foc nyayıgı Pavokapa hovng Bak (pag gayçf ac` ı `dypcav

ŗnvoapa àageaag pavokap fæpıc`ıv# oeagıg}dyp~ Ŕnvoap# oèo zn ú|ó oyn pavokappıv' Aycıgà f~agcaıŔ ya`nin _nynzç ba|vnpcnvogn eaby~y dceaı} f~`nzov yûjocnvogog èdĔ~gà f~c~geakpa`ıv'"?/

Pavokapa Ŕnvoapyı | hovngcnvogŗ npag hnco} oeagıgı acıv oeo Ŕ ĽŔf~ dc~ }ovyo| `æzæ k ıcagcav ı ŗ a Ŕk ıg dc~} ava dcà kacıv oeo Ŕ

Aben` _nynzç ba|vnpcnvo bnvknyn oocok n`nv#boè koeyn kngòyog`n vabapyı| dcaiak fov bachúvnen|ò' Fópóg ogyagcavıg `óga abvnp yaa`npo znvabapcavı oèog havnp n`nvò' @nvhabı jakov zn dky~ccav#npoe zn èavnyo|cnv oèog yıĔıgak nvoò' Accab(ıg vı|ayıgı ka|ageagıg dccavıgıg faŔıgà ogyagcavıg vı|ayıgı ka|ageak hncov' Ľgyag agiak f~ Ŕnkoc`n Accab(ıg akıg`dypcavıgàg dcafocov'

Gnv n húvyng húgcó k ıv ık# envbne dc yngÚcn ea|c~e dcà kacya bne`ne dc yng

Eab Ŕnv hógó nvhæbıga eabvne dc yng Fng yng ong koeyncnv`ng hnèpoe o Ŕpn

Kæjov focn dcya boè koeyngog kacfogogkıvıceayıgı oypnen|ò' F~g~g Accabó Pnæcæı ogiopenkagcaeıga hncòĔogo `n bnv |aeag yúcnvò' ŗnvoappagavıcagcav# bakyı|cık a}ı} |~cen`ng oàvniocnv#ydg~gà bnya} hógó èdk |dv `~v~eà kacaiakcav`ıv'

Edcca eójpç fdchagcav aphag jnpzæ fovhngcnv

Akgı kava k ıchagcav dc pae~hha hoveo Ŕcnv Vó Ŕznp acag bækoecnv bavae acı } ohngcnv Ú| }avea Ĕ ıg ò Ŕcnfng kdvk~} p~v~} kaceı Ŕcav

&Edcca eójpó dcagcav acag jnpza znvngcnv#ak ı kava k ıcagcav inbnggnen hoveo Ŕcnv# vó Ŕznp acagbækoecnv# bavae acı } ongcnv# }avea Ĕ ıgı ò Ŕcno}kdvk~} `~v~} kaceı Ŕcav &

FocogòĔo hofo K~v(æg%ı Knvoe(og úgneco fovfúcóeó }nhaefnv kıyyacavıgı obpoza n`nv' Nykokazoecnvog `~v~e~ agcapıcavak ogyagcavıg f~gcavàgofvnp aceacavı oypngov' Agı bapacava `óŔenencnvob~y~y~gà ogyagcav oka| nòcov' Aben` _nynzç K~v(æg(ı vnbfnv kaf~c n`ng fov yûjç dc`~Ĕ~ oèog bokenpcnvog`n

yık yık f~g~ òcn hnpovov'

\nknvoæ hofo fa Ŕıea fıèk ı kdyaeNó} hofo bne pngoen k~vpcav yakae

Eûyæ hofo Póv à Ĕ ıgà pæap k ıcyae F~ o Ŕ ocn a Vaf yngo f~c~v e~~e 4

_~g~y hofo `ngo| oèog`n facık dcyae_~y~j hofo k~~ oèog`n zapag p~pyae_ak~} hofo _~y~j oèog èdk a Ĕ cayae F~ o Ŕ ocn æ Vaf yngo f~c~v e~~e4

K~v(æg%ı Knvoe# óin Accab(ıg dc~gàeóia`ncn n`ngcnvog# ogyagcavı oon# hó|nc# `dĔv~aèaĔıvagcavıg Accab(a oeag n`ngcnvogeókajapcag`ıvaiaĔıgı eól`ncnv' F~ dc aŔk dc~`~v#aea ènpog fov dc`~v'

A Ŕık `n Ĕ oc ynzò Ĕ ogn iag znvenynKúcó n Ĕ oc èa}a a}ı } gag znvenyn

F~vaà a Ĕ caı } abovnppn iag znvenyn_dcà kacıv Bû`æ cûpj~g~ acag dk

Ynbnv`n nvkng kack ı } kagcav ~p yng]ov%o e~hag npn Ĕ ogo e~bkne p~p yng

Bakka æ Ŕık dcyag n Ĕ nv iagàg hnè yngIagàg hnèng hnvènk a Ŕık óvæg dc~v

F~ dc |dvc~kcavca `dc~# ydg~ úcóen kaàvzavafocng fov dc`~v' Aea óin Accab(ı ynzng f~gcavakapcagıv' AŔk ogyag úcóen húpóvnfocov aea aŔık f~gàgkdvkea|' Èógkó eókajapı fóókpóv' B|' Ľfvaboef~g~g ng hó|nc úvgnĔoòv' Aben` _nynzç f~g~ àŔúcn òcn hnpovov'



16

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Accab ònvnk apn Ŕn hovò Bacçc~ccab

D apn Ŕo fdypag k ıc` ı húvóg Accab

Fa Ŕ n Ĕ nvnk a Ĕ caı } `nò Ŕn (ng coccæb

Jakov eoykog apn Ŕpn gn òn bnzæ k ıcyıg

Ľgyagcav k~y~vàg ~|ak `nĔocòv' \aeag |aeagbapa a}avcav# hógab oŔcnvcnv' Fúcnin ooo zn hó|nconevn`ng óin Accab(ıg nevogn e~bacoj àzvagıŔpa f~c~ge~Ŕ dcafocovcnv' F~gàg `nvbac pnzfn npencnvo hnvnkov' Accabpnzfncnvo kaf~c n`ngòv'

Inggnp eóckógó agcaag k~ccav pnzfn k ıcyıgPnzfn k ıcı } b~|~v~ga ak ıg dcy~g

B~vo# kú Ŕkcnv# hıceag# zoc`æg bo|enp k ıcyıg

Póvcó póvcó hoò Ĕ o Ŕnvnj bocap ı zav "1=/'

Ľgyag# Accab(ıg ynzòĔo fov k~c dceak oypnvyn f~dcà |abenp zn yıkıgpı ènkenco# fovpakıe |dvc~kcava

kapcageacı# gnjyogo nvn z~vafocenco zn bnv póvcójn`ækævcıkpag ènkogenencoòv'

Hnin apeaı } ~k~y~g~ bavae k ıcyaKac} |okvogo yıv |okvogo paeae k ıcya Fog fov a` ıgı pnyfob nò} òcn acyaK~c gn òn `nvhabıgà bæpæ k ıcyıg

Bnv nv`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo |æcoecnvog# npoe bakkı ongcnvog eabŔnv hógóg`n bnya}cavıgıg èdk ènpog dcaiaĔı knyogòv'

\æcoe dc~} |~cen`ng npoe húgcóg a Ĕ v ıàgKava ó|có eab Ŕnv`n kdc~g~ avkaà húv`óe

Payazz~jo vne|cnvo agcaeak bnvknyog baviı dcea`ıĔı hofo f~g~ yúcnng Bak æŔıkcavı à èdk |abenpcnv# yıkıgpıcavènkeoŔcnvòv'

Focenòcnv edccacav Ngn (c%Bakk( ıg eægæyıgKæc nbcogn bæc oceog Bak húvenò eógæyo}

Aga bapcavı ocn Aben` _nynzç(`n payazz~j `óŔóginyogoncn ac`ıĔıeı| f~ èacıŔeaà yú|cnvoeo|o ogn ynyo ayıvcavıgúpnyog`ng fo|n kaàv ~caŔag f~ fóók ogyagıg ò|ncnvocnfaĔcaacıe'

N eó (eogcnv pçæap k ıcı } àageaıgNeægnppov a|o| iæga ogageaıg

Bavae enkv~b ı Ĕ ıceı Ŕ eaca hózngenog Eaccav ıgı kav ı Ŕ a`cı ıcag k ıcav

F~ `ógaa foga kdag Kæv~g bago @æzæ k ıcag Jov(azg ocn Bæeæg bagoZæeık A|væ Jnvba` ŗ ovç#g Enigûg bagoKacıv ncnyn fov cæj ı |aà nkyæg k ıc

@Ľ]GDPCAV

1' J~ap KÚ]VÓCÓ# Póvk N`nfoapıgà Ľck E~payazzıjcav# @oagnp ĽŔcnvo FaŔkagcıĔı _a' Agkava1?8:' y# 10

6' Kneac NVAVYCAG# Póvkon @oagnp Zakj ı Ľ' A#' Iocp' 6'y' 1:=%1:1

9' _aŔav DIAK# &Aga`dc~ YûjçcoĔog`n Aben`%o _nynzç zn_nynzçcok'& Póvk @oco Acık @oc @nvhoyo Bdia Aben`_nynzç Ú|nc Yaıyı# Yaı< >=0 Avacık 1??9# y' >2>%>2:

0' AŔovfnk K~vfagdĔc~ EÓEĽGDZ# &_nynzçnPavokapıgıg @dĔ~Ŕ~ Bakkıgà&# Ènz' AŔ~v Ú|`neov' _nò

Ľkcoe' Yagap Kócpóv N`nfoap @nvhoyo' FnŔogio Iocp' >#Yaı< 06 Ncóc 1??9' y' 1=%19'>' AŔovfnk K~vfagdĔc~ EÓEĽGDZ# a'h'n' y' 16'

:' VnŔap HNGÈ# &Póvkcnv`n @ogo Pdcnvagy zn Bdia Aben`_nynzç&' Póvk @oco Acık @oc @nvhoyo' Bdia Aben`_nynzç Ú|nc Yaıyı' Yaı<>=0 Avacık 1??9# y' >:>%>::'

8' J~ap KÚ]VÓCÓ# Póvk N`nfoapıgà Ľck E~%payazzıjcav' @oagnp ĽŔcnvo FaŔkagcıĔı _a' Agkava c?8:' y'?2'

2' J~ap KÚ]VÓCÓ# a'h'n' y' 1=6%1=9'?' Aben` _nynzç' @ozag%ı Bokenppng Ynèencnv' Ba|<

Kneac Nvavycag' Kócpóv zn P~vo|e FakagcıĔı _a'Agkava 1?29' y' 98'

1='Bavago ACPOGPAŗ# &Aben` _nynzç @óŔóginyogog

K~v(ago Kagakcavı&' Póvk @oco Acık @oc @nvhoyo# BdiaAben` _nynzç Ú|nc Yaıyı' Avacık 1??9# y' :=?'



19

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

DVPA AY_A PÓVK N@NFĽ @ĽCĽGĽG AGA@DC^ PÓVK N@NFĽ @ĽCĽGN NPKĽYĽ ZN ABENP

_NYNZĽ

]vdj' @v' E~ypaja ĽYNG

Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo Jng % N`nfoap Jakócpnyo

@occnvog pavobo hncoŔoeo# d òccn enàgahnpovoceoŔ a|ıcı nynvcnv avaiıcıĔıca o|cngnfocov' N`nfoap#focoe zn kócpóv nynvcnvog`n k~ccagıcag òcn `n n`nfo òca`ıgı znvodv~|'

Póvk pd}c~e~ ROOO' ó|ıca kaàv pnk fov a|ı

òco# ago pnk fov n`nfç òc k~ccag`ı' F~ a|ı òcogogenvkn|o faŔcaghıèpag opofavng OR' ó|ıca kaàvÚpókng oò' @aba ydgva Pavıe baz|ayıgàko Bdèd znP~vjag Ŕnbovcnvo envkn| dc`~' R' zn RO' ó|ıcàKaŔhav zn Facayah~g ngo envkn|cnv dcavak dvpaaèıkpıcav' Aea f~ javkcı envkn|cnvn vaĔeng a|ı òco ognpnkpo' ROOO' ó|ıcà oyn okogio fov a|ı òco `dĔ`~'F~g~g a`ıga Fapı Póvkènyo òdv~|' R' ó|ıcàgopofavng Eóycóeag dceaa faŔcaag Ynb~gfdcavıgà aŔaag DĔ~| Póvkcnvo# FaĔàp zn ènzvnyogogbocajnp envkn|o dceayıgıg à npkoyocn Eaznvæóggnbov#Bdvayag zn Ľvag(a `dĔv~ húè npenn faŔca`ıcav' F~

húèó# Ľvag `nzcnpogog envkn|o dpdvopnyogog dk dceayı

à avıia pnŔzok npeoŔpov' 1=0=(pako @agàgakagyazaŔıgàg ydgva Ľvag(a nvcnŔpocnv' A|nvfaiag znAga`dc~(a `dĔv~ `nzae n`ng óvóóŔcnv# 1=81Eaca|hovp yazaŔıgàg ydgva# ú|nccokcn `n ROOO' ó|ıcàIngho|(og dvpaa èıkeayı# dg~g zn èdi~kcavıgıgPóvkoypag(à kaceıŔ dcag aŔaĔı ~kavı fópóg DĔ~|Póvkcnvo(go A|nvfaiag zn Aga`dc~(a yóvenyo# f~fúchncnvo avpık nfnò Póvk zapagı bacogn hnpovò' DvpaAya(àko Póvk a|ı òcog`ng f~ húècnv ó|óg`ng ~|ak`óŔng apacavıeı|# ngo idĔvajaà faŔcaghıèpa enzi~pdcag Javyèa zn Ava}èa(ı a|ı òco dcavak k~ccag`ıcav'Fúcnin Póvkèn# Aga`dc~(à faŔcaghıèpa kdg~Ŕea òco#

Javyèa zn Ava}èa oyn a|ı òco dcavak k~ccagıc`ı'Yncè~kc~ `nzcnpogog ıkıceayıgàg ydgva Aga`dc~(àdvpaa èıkag Póvk fncokcnvogog úgnpoiocnvo#Póvkèn(`ng faŔka òc focenòkcnvo oèog ènzvncnvog`nkoa|avcavıg nynvcnvogo Póvkèn a|eaa pnŔzok nppocnv a àAva}èa# Javyèa nynvcnvo Póvkèn(n ènzovpenn faŔca ıcav'F~ a|avcav# Dvpa Aya(àko a|ı òcogo foceodvcav`ı'F~g~g oèogòv ko kngòcnvo Aga`dc~(à kdg~Ŕ~cagDĔ~| aĔ|ıgı a|ı òco bacogn hnpovòcnv zn f~gaDyeagcıia àba `dĔv~ fov oyoecn Fapı Póvkènyo a`ı znvocò"c/' F~ a|ı òcogog ock úvgnkcnvo ROOO' ó|ıcàhúvócenn faŔcageıŔ# RZ zn RZO' ayıvcavà oyn

ypagàvp fov húvógóe ka|ageı

Ŕpı

v' Fúcnin DvpaAya(à àba úgin`ng enzi~p dcag @dĔ~ Póvkènyozna ÈaĔapaia hofo a`cavca agıcag a|ı òcogogagıgà fov okogio a|ı òco# Fapı Póvkènyo znaDyeagcıia dvpaa èıkpı'

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10

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fov agcaeà pako}èoyo oò' F~ npkocnŔoeog ock úvgnkcnvogo fo|#

payazz~j n`nfoapı enpogcnvog`n húvódv~|' FocogòĔo hofo

úgincokcn Dvpa Aya(à Ŕnkoccngng Póvk payazz~j `óŔóginyo#

npoŔpovòĔo úgneco ncneagcavıgıg fov fúcóĔógó ngo fov Póvk

~v`~ dcavak a}ıcagag Aga`dc~(a húg`nvodv`~' Bdvayag

nvngcnvo dcavak a`cag`ıv`ıĔıeı| f~ úgió k~zznpcnv#Aga`dc~(g~g bne PóvkcnŔenyo# bne `n EóycóeagcaŔeayı

kdg~y~gà ng fóók }aa yabo} koŔocnvòv' Eóycóeag

Póvkcnv avayıgà payazz~j hncoŔo} aıc`ıkèa f~g~g n`nfoap

acagıga úgncenyo `n pafoo oò' Ľgyagı e~pcak bakokapcn ó|

ó|n hnpovng# kaogappako ~e~eo abnghog `nvog yıvcavıgı

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ó|`ngòv ko Aga`dc~(à ock yûjçcnvog }nk èdĔ~ kngò

`óŔógincnvogo pnckog npenk zn aeak oèog Ŕoovcnv

yúcneoŔcnvòv' E~payazzıj Ŕaov oèog Ŕoov# yagap húypnvoyo

`nĔoc# enyalıgı kavŔıyıgàkogn ocnpnink fov zayıpa`ıv'@dcaıyıca kavŔıyıgàko ogyagca agı òco kdg~Ŕeacı zn

yúcnòkcnvogo kavŔı pavaj fópógócn agcaeacı`ıv' Dg~g

oèogòv ko f~ úvgnkcnv bneng àoea acıg fov òccn zn

e~bapafıgıg ynzonyogn húvn oja`n nòceoŔpov# oŔpn Abenp

_nynzo(gog @dĔ~ Póvkènyo ocn yúcnòĔo fov Ŕoov<

OŔkıgh kıc`ı Ŕn`æ eogo ióecn æcne focò eogo

Kah~e yogyog pógo kóe eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

Paæcaccæb |obç ea(gç yog avappıgh ioye ó iægı

K~ccık kıcyae pógo kógo eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

Kú|óe aè`ıe yogo kúv`óe kóc kúghócgo yoghn fovòe

^gıhcavıe pnvkog kıc`ıe eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

Yú|cnyne eog cocoe`n yog kú|cnyne eog kú|óe`n yog

Kúghcóe`n bne iægıeà yog eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

Acoecnvhn kopæf kovnk yûjçcnvhn enyio` kovnk

Enigûgcavha cncæ kovnk eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

^èeacı kovne inzcæg kıcagı gn bûvcavha ga|av kıcae

Agı e~gı eog gn kıcae eoghn yog dk kovnk yog

Bæin Aben` eogoe apıe pógo kógo agav dpıe

Ľko iobægà óeçòe eoghn yog dk kovnk yog "6/

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úgiócnvog`ng _~g~y Nevn(gog ":'196=/ òcog`n ac`ıĔı Ŕnkcn

fakacıe<

AŔkıg ac`ı fng`ng fngo faga yngo hnvnk yngo

Fng agavae `ógo hógo faga yngo hnvnk yngo

Gn zavcıha ynzogóvne gn dkc~ha ovogóvne

AŔk~g ocn az~g~vae faga yngo hnvnk yngo

AŔkıgı æŔıkcav úc`óvóv aŔk pngo|ogn pac`ıv~v

Pninccçocn pdc`~v~v faga yngo hnvnk yngo

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Pd}vah~e agà èahıva faga yngo hnvnk yngo

_~g~y `~v~v fngóe a`~e hóg hnc`ókèn avpav d`~e

Ľko iobægà eakyû`~e faga yngo hnvnk yngo "9/

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úpnyog`n# yúcnoŔ fng|nvcoĔo `n ocazn fov Ŕn nkcneno

hnvnkpovennink kaàv aèıkpıv' F~gcavıg ga|ovn zna agı

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pavpıŔeıdv~e' \ova fo|oe aèıeı|àg bagho `nĔnvcngòveno

nyay acıvyak acacıe f~ oko úvgnk# ydg~èpa Dvpa Aya n`nfo

òcogog Aga`dc~(àko n`nfo òcn npkoyogog fov húypnvhnyo

dceakpa`ıv' @dĔ~ Póvkènyo(gog envkn|o ROOO' ó|ıcà

Bavn|e# RZ' ó|ıcà oyn Bnvap zn Ynenvkag` dc`~' F~

n`nfo envkn|cnv`ng Aga`dc~ Póvk a|ı òcogo ng èdknpkocnngo Bnvap oò' Poe~vc~cav `nzvog`n zn dg~ pakof n`ng

`úgnecnv`n `ógagıg ng úg`n hncng yoaynp zn kócpóv

envkn|cnvog`ng fovo dcag Bnvap"0/# npoŔpovòĔo fochog# Ŕaov#

a|av# bappap# e~yokoŔogay# eó|nbbof# eóincco` zn eogapóv

~ypacavı ocn Aga`dc~(à hncoŔenkpn dcag kócpóv baapıgı

fnycnng aga kagakcavàg fovo dce~Ŕp~v' Úfóv acagcavı fov

pavaja fıvakavak kdg~e~| dcag n`nfo òcn `úgnink dc~vyak# d

|aeag kavŔıeı|a fópóg Póvk n`nfoapıgıg ng fóók Ŕaovo

dcag Aco ŗov Gnzæç "1= ŗ~fap 1001%9 Diak 1>=1/ èıkaiakpıv'

Gnzæç# Póvkèn(gog f~hóg ÈaĔapaia dcavak a`cag`ıv`ıĔıeı|

a|ı òcogn kngò a`ıgı znvòvng zn kagakcavà f~ òc`ng# Gnzæç @oco# Gnzæç Pav|ı òn yú| nppovng èdk fóók fçv

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Póvk N`nfoapı(ga npkoyo Ŕ~avæ



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Z' Pafakaà kngòyog`ng úgin aŔaeıŔ zn úceóŔ Ŕaovcnvo;

ZO' Pafakaà èdi~kc~Ĕ~gà pagı

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Ĕı

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avayı

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ogkæv dcea| f~~v~vcav' F~ e~kazncn



1:

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AvaŔpı

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18

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@N@N KDVK^P@NYPAGCAVOG@AG –KAGCOKDIA DėCO P^VACO FD_O―GOG

PABCĽCĽ

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P~vacı

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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Yóenv oyn# `nypagcavıg# DĔ~|cavıg Yıv`nva`dcacavıgàko baapcavıgàg ocbae ac`ıĔıgı fnagn`nvcnv"6>/' F~g~g agıgà E' Nvhog# @dĔ~ Aga`dc~ znA|nvfaiag(à dcag ngo enkægıg `nypagcava ydgvaàgaà}pn nòcòĔo# agiak f~ aà}paydg~g faŔavıcı

dcea`ıĔı jokvogo n fncovpov"6:/'Akkd~gc~cav(ıg ock fno P~v Aco Fn(òv"68/zn dĔc~g~ Pvaf|dg( ag nzcngòvòĔo pavobo kaıpcavàhnèenkpnòv"62/' @nypagıeı|àko Kag P~vacı(gıg f~fnog `nypagcaŔeıŔ baapıgàg o|cnv paŔı`ıĔı aèıkpıv'Avıia# `nypagcavà fn bagıecavı &bap~g& dcavak|okvnòcòĔo bac`n# hngè kı|cav zn yaov ka`ıgcavoyoecnvocn agıceakpa`ıv# Fag~ Èoènk# Kıyıvia _nghn#FdĔa|ia Japea''' oyoecnvocn agıcıvkng Yncing(n `nzaecı dcavak Bap~g òn bopa} nòcenyog`n# `nypagıg P~v AcoFn(cn dcag ochoyogo húvencoo|' F~vaàg bavnknpcn `nenkagıg fov aà}paydg `nĔoc# baòyngog ayıc invnagnppoĔo nv dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo|'

Kagcı Kdia(gıg<–DĔ~c yng zavaèak ıvógPdcaeaè pdcaeaè dccavı dc~vApc~ fap~} èıkaea| ag~g facèıĔı dc~vAca ıcag yúknen| ag~g dveagı dc~vHúk ocn }nbcó ~vag ag~g kac(ayı dc~v&"6?/'

ònvnk fabynppoĔo nv# @dĔ~ Kava`ngo|(og yav}# dccavı `dcaefaècı# yık dveagcı \ohaga @aĔcavı ènzvnyogn èdkfng|nenkpnòv' F~ fakıeàg# òĔnv `nypagcavàgfa|ıcavıgà aèıkèa fncco dceaag enkægıg# f~

`nypagà kafa bapcavıca dvpaa èıkpıĔıgı húvenkpno|'

OOO% PAFĽAP@nypagcav ogincngòĔog`n húvócenkpnòv ko#

@n`n Kdvk~p DĔ~|cavı bngó| nvcnŔok baapahnèeneoŔcnv# akıgiı ú|nccokcnvogo kıyeng kafnpeoŔcnv#`nzn zn kd~g yóvócnvo fnycnenn faŔcaeıŔcav`ıv' F~`~v~e dgcavı fncco fov envkn|n faĔcaeakpa zna yık yıkenvkn| `nĔoŔpovocyn `n f~ bavnknpcnvog kıya yóvn`ngnpoincngòvocenyo |av~vo dceakpa`ıv' Akıga zna azaho`ng fncnvog hnvo`n fıvakpıkcavıgı `óŔógenyo

hnvnkenkpn# fa|ng `n ~|aag az zna acagàg ydgvanccnvogo# ~vpcavıgı nvcnvog`n f~caeaeakpa`ıvcav"9=/'Fov hnèoe kagaĔı dcavak kavŔıeı|a èıkag ap#

kd~g zn `nzn yóvócnvogog fdc dpc~ aèık acagcavaobpoaècavı zav`ıv' F~ yóvócnv oèog dveagcık acagcav# fov èdkpnbcokngog kdc hn|òĔo nvcnvòv' K~vpcavı zn yaov zabŔobazagcavıg payacc~p~gàg kd~g yóvócnvogo agiakfópóg yóvógóg húvócnfocninĔo nvcnv`n kdv~eakeóekóg`óv' F~ ó|`ng @n`n Kdvk~p kabvaeagcavı#èaıvcı èoengco nvcnvo pnviob n`nvcnv' Akıgiı ogyaga#

pafoappa bavnknpogo apcavca pneog n`ngcnvn dveagnghncòv'

F~ b~y~y~ Kag P~vacı `nypagıgà èdk aèık fovŔnkoc`n húvenk oekagıga yabofo|' Kagcı Kdia dĔc~g~Pvaf|dg(a hopenkpng za|hnèovenk oèog &kdvk~gè

bafnvcnv& znvenk oypnv<&DĔ~c yng zavaiak ovógAca ıcag yúknen| ag~g dveagı dc~v&"91/'F~ga kavŔıcık Kag P~vacı<&Aca ıcag yúknen| dveagıgı Èakeak èak~} dà ækae&"96/inzafıgı znvov'F~vaàg# aĔaiıg bngó| fov nvcnŔok

en`ngonp ~gy~v~ dcavak DĔ~|cavıg baapıgahovenòĔogo yúcnnfocovo|' Dveagıg# knvnypnyog`ngoypoja`n nòcng nv `nĔoc `n apcavıg bavnknpogn nghnc dcagfov nv# fov p~|ak dcavak kavŔıeı|a èıkeayı# f~ jokvo`dĔv~cav eabonppnòv'

@n`n Kdvk~p kabvaeagcavı òĔnv `nypagcavà àaèıkèa húvóc`óĔó hofo aèıkcık acagcavàgbdŔcageakpa`ıvcav' @aĔcav# dveagcav `~v~caiak `nĔoc#aŔıcaiak nvcnvòv' Kag P~vacı Pvaf|dg Pnkj~v~gaŔúcn ynycngov<

&KavŔı apag kava paĔıgı aŔeaa hnceoŔne&"99/0= oĔoò Kag P~vacıı inyavnpcngòvenk oèog<

&Avka Eoco Aca PaĔı Azca~fag k~Ŕca~fag aŔea ıg eı&"90/

`nvcnv'

Gopnkoe# Yncing Bap~g(~ acag Kag P~vacı#nò hóg nò hnin boè fov nv`n kdgakcaea|' DĔ~|(~gynvbappo dcavak focòvocng zn kdgeaa kavav znvocng nvŔúcn pavoj nòcov<&Kag P~vacı fakpı húvò f~ kdg`ıĔı ov`n k~hı k~Ŕcavı#p~vgacav# p~vaècav# knkcokcnv ~èavcav' Ydz~k ydz~k y~cavèaıvcav# èoengcnv'''&"9>/'

DĔ~| kabvaeagcavı# ~|akpag hncenkpn dcag`óŔeagıgı húvnfocninĔo# apıga fogo} vabapèaz~v~ŔafocninĔo aèık acagcavı pnviob n`nv' Hnv`nĔnba|ıvcagag Kag P~vacı(gıg èa`ıvı &húk aca# húvkcó

ènengn&"9:/ okocov

OZ% BA_AP PAV\O@n`n Kdvk~p `nypagcavıgà hú|n èav}ag

òkkapn `nĔnv ~gy~vcavàg fovo `n húènfn en`ngonpo ocnnvcnŔok en`ngonp avayıgàko eóia`ncnòv' F~eóia`ncno fópóg `nypagcavà húvenk oekagıgayabofo|'

]vdj' @v' Enbenp Ka}cag(ıg à @n`n Kdvk~pocn ochoco eakacncnvog`n pneay nppoĔo hofo"98/ Kag P~vacı#nzcngenk oypnòĔo kı|ı Ŕúcn pavoj n`nv<



61

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

&Eng ovóe`ng p~vea`ıg dc p~veıŔ dca' Engkava kdè ap~ea fogenòg dc fogeoŔ dca# eng kagc~ kæjovocogn zavea`ıg dc zaveıŔ dca# eaga faŔ hnpóveoŔ dca&"92/'

F~g~g agı

gà Kag P~vacı

oypnenòĔo kı

|po}ogo `n Ŕúcn agcapıv'&]ny zavayıg fov ioio foio Póvkeng kı|ıgı acayıggahabagàg paagae ó|nvogn `óŔne kavgıeıvpıca&"9?/'

Húènfn baapıgıg hnvnkpovòĔo ka`ıg po}ogogaèıkèa fncovpocenyogn kavŔıcık# Kag P~vacı(gıg ĽèDĔ~|‟à PaŔ DĔ~|( a# ava`ıĔı zayıjcavà fov kı|f~caeaeayıgı &kı|cavıg ioioco foioco& dceayıgı#DĔ~|cav(ıg nvcnŔok baapa hnèenkpn dceacavıgafaĔcaafocovo|' Avıia# ~kavıà pneay nppoĔoeo| hofodveagı akaiak kaàv húènfn v~b~ga yabo} KagP~vacı(gıg# apcıcavıg fappıkcavı facèıkcava k~ecav`úŔnenyo"0=/# ~v`~gà oĔopcok zayıjcavı paŔıag fov kı|f~caeaeayı# en`ngonp `nĔoŔpovenkpnko f~bvag znèncoŔkocnvo èdk hó|nc o|ab npenkpnòv'

Kagcı Kdia kı|ı avaeaa ho`nvkng dĔc~ga Ŕ~pnefobpn f~c~g~v<

&''' DĔ~c yng eaca fniop dc ıĔ# eng yaga avaı ho`noe&"01/'

@nypagcavàg# húènv nzcnv`n aŔa ıkcavıgı agca`ıĔıeı| DĔ~|cav(ıg fniop dc~gaiak# ıĔıcaiakeaccavıgıg f~c~geayı òkkapn `nĔnv fov b~y~yp~v'

Èógkó eacıg ıĔıc`ıĔı nv`n fnkcnenk# avıceaeaknyaypıv' F~ à a| èdk nvcnŔok dceaı hnvnkpovov'

F~ `nypagà baap pav|ıgı fncovcnoio dcavakòkkapoeo|o ènkng fa|ı ~gy~vcava à oŔavnp n`ncoe' Apa%aga yahıyı fóók fov nv oŔhac npenkpnòv' Akıga ho`ng#~vppag avıcag oĔop# e~pcaka agayıgıg fafayıgıg ncogoú}enkpn# eóyaa`n aceakpa`ıv' Nzcngencnv`n kacıgcıkznvenk Ŕavppıv' Fov oypoygao b~y~y dcavak Kag P~vacı àkacıgcıĔıg óè iagazavı úc`óvenk dc`~Ĕ~g~ húvódv~|'ŗngcok Ŕúcngcnvn d|ag èaĔvıceakpa# ak èa`ıv òkocenkpn#appag ahıv# `nzn`ng f~Ĕva# kd~gàg kdè

kı

v`ı

vı

ceakpa`ı

v'@n`n Kdvk~p `nypagcavıgàg DĔ~|cav(ıgbazagiıcık zn aĔeaiıcık ocn baapcavıgı oàennppovòkcnvogo agcaeaeı|a kavŔıcık# f~ `nypagàghnèoecnvogog bazagiıcık nyayıga àag`ıĔıgabókedc~gaiæk oŔavnpcnv enzi~pp~v< Kagcı Kdia dĔc~ga&eaca fniop dc ıĔ& `nv# dĔc~g~g `óĔógóg`n &appagahıv# `nzn`ng f~Ĕva# kd~gàg kdè kıv`ıvıv― "06/'

Z% @ÓŗÓGIN YĽYPNEĽ @n`n Kdvk~p DĔ~|cavı eóycóeag`ıvcav'

Agiak húènfn baapıgıg zn nyko Póvk ogogog k~zznpco

pnyovo acpıgà# v~bpag |oa`n fn`ngn úgne znvng fovkavakpnv ynvhocnvcnv'

Kag P~vacı Pvaf|dg Pnkj~v~g~g okvae nppoĔo &acŔavaf&ı"09/ oènv; yıkıgpı agıgà &a`ı húvkcó

E~baeen (n yacazap hnpovov&"00/; |oajnp ydjvayı

gà&kıeı| oèo} ap npo nv&"0>/; òcnĔo nvogn hncòĔo zakop `n&oko vnkap Ŕókóv gaea|ı& kıcav"0:/' Kag P~vacı(àhúv`óĔóeó| f~ èncoŔko# òĔnv @n`n Kdvk~pkabvaeagcavıgà a enzi~pp~v'

Húènfn en`ngonpog`ng nvcnŔok en`ngonpnhnèoŔ eabyûcó dcavak `nĔnvcngòvocng @n`n Kdvk~p`nypagcavıgà ea``ç k~zznp nyaypıv' Agiak# eagnzç k~zznp `n avpık kngòyogo boyynppovenkpnòv' Èdk hóècófov zói~p a}ıyıga yabo} Kag P~vacı# 9 iagazavı ngenk oèog hngn `n &Bak Pa(æca(gıg oganpo&gn "08/e~bpaèpıv'

ZO% Nŗ_A ZN ACNPCNVF~ `nypagà# húènfnnvcnŔok èapıŔeayıgıg

favo| úvgnkcnvogo# ea``ç kócpóv ~gy~vcavıgà àhúvenkpno|<

Kag P~vacı Pvaf|dg(a hncòĔo |aeag&pnkj~v~g aàecavı ak èa`ıv òkpocnv# aĔèa kd~gkıv ıcav# oò ıccık Ŕava} oèovòcnv&"02/' F~ga e~kafocpnkj~v~g kngòyo yavaà pabp ó|nvog`n# kı|ı Yncingbap~g oyn kúŔkpn dp~veakpa`ıv"0?/'

DĔ~| fncnvogo bdŔ kavŔıcaeak oypnng

pnkj~v~g dgcavı ak èa`ıvà aĔıvcaeayıgı# DĔ~|cav(ıgyavaà dp~veaı fnĔngenòkcnvo Ŕnkcog`ndv~ecaafocovo|'

DĔ~|cav kngò pd}cagpıcavıgà àoea kıeı|oènvcnv' F~ `nypagà kajovcnvog Ŕava} oèpokcnvogo# DĔ~|fncnvogn `n okvae nppokcnvogo húvenkpno|' ŗavafıg nc`nnòcenyo# nò ıc fnkcnpocenyo# ~|~g yafıv oypnng fov oŔpov'Húènfngog f~ga gn |aeagı gn `n pabaeeócó zav`ıv'Nkogio "nvcnŔok/ çcn akıgiı "húènfn/ pd}c~e avayıgàkoaŔaıŔ javkıgı kıeı| zn Ŕava} kncoencnvo èdk ooynefdco|n npenkpnòv kagaapoeo|in'

YazaŔcavà DĔ~|cav kı

cı

è# hóv| hofo akı

g`úĔóŔóg acnpcnvogo k~ccagıvcavkng# kajovcnv dk%apnviob npenkpnòvcnv' F~g~ kajovcnvog &pneóv pdgc~&dceacavıga faĔcaaiaĔıeı| hofo# KúvdĔc~(g~g &@ncokco`neov èıkpı envpcok fd|~c`~& `nenyog`ng bavnknpcn#DĔ~|cavıg ~|ak `úĔóŔó gaenvpcok dcavak`nĔnvcngòvòkcnvogo n óŔógnfocovo|<

Yncing Bap~g(~g zayıjcavı agcapıcıvkng &yaĔıgaydc~ga oko kdŔa a ènkpoĔo">=/ fncovpocov' DĔ~|cav oyndk Zn aı azà k~ccagıvcav' @n`n Kdvk~p(pa dk%ak~ccageak fov oĔopcok oŔavnpo dceakpag èdk# &azàbógnv húypnvenk& yú| kdg~y~ dc`~Ĕ~ |aeag nbneeonpka|ageakpa`ıv'



66

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Kd}~|# DĔ~|cavà &ocabo& fov èachı`ıv'D|agcav kaàv fncnv `n kd}~| èacavcav' A|hıgiagazavcav kavŔıyıgà yıkıgpıa `óŔng Kag P~vacı#oĔopcnvog`ng kd}~| èacı} kngòyogo úzencnvogo oypnv'Kd}~| ynyo# DĔ~| oĔoògog kngògn hózngogo avpıvıv#

inyavnpcngòvov; a|hıg fdĔaı f~|aĔı hofo húvenyogoyaĔcav">1/'

Kæjovcnv yavacavà dp~v~vcavkng# DĔ~|cavŔúcng`óĔóg |aeagcavıgà &ak dpaĔ ak èa ıv& òknvcnv#òĔnv |aeagcavà &oz&cnv`n aŔavcav' F~vaàko oz‟ogòĔnv `nypagcavàg à bavnknpcn &húènv nz& pafovog`n `nojæ`n nòcòĔo ó|nvn pnknvcnkcoavafa ó|nvogn k~v~ce~Ŕ èa ıv dc`~Ĕ~ avaŔpıveaiıcavia kaf~c nòcenkpnòv">6/'

F~ avaà# }ıèak">9/# kaıŔ">0/# ó|ngho">>/ hofobnv oko en`ngonp àovnyog`n `n húvnfocninĔoeo|eac|nengog ncoeo|`nko `nypagàenzi~p dc`~Ĕ~g~

fncovpncoe'

ZOO% BA_ZAGCA EÓIA@NCN]vdj' @v' Enbenp Ka}cag @n`n Kdvk~p

Kopafı(gà# –Ľycae en`ngonpo ocn Fo|agy znAga`dc~(à kavŔıcaŔıcag afagiı en`ngonpcnvogpnyovcnvogo húypnvng fov èdk ~gy~vcav zav`ıv&">:/`nenkpnòv' Kag P~vacı(ge fdĔa# avycag zn f~Ĕva ocna}pıĔı eóia`ncn# f~ òkkap gdkpayıgàg`nĔnvcngòvocòĔog`n# f~g~g Póvkcnvn bay fov àzvagıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ga kagaap hnpovenk hóècnŔenkpnòv' Eac~e

`nypagà DĔ~| KaĔag hnvhnàgı# eoccnpogo; FdĔaè oynfdĔaı# kngòyogo k~vpaveak oèog úc`óvóvcnv @n`n

Kdvk~p `nypagcavıgàg dcag FdĔaè @nypagı(gàDh~|cav(ıg Bagı dcag Faıg`ıv# F~Ĕva ocn fdĔahóvnŔpovenkpnòv' Bnv gayıcya hóvnŔ acagıgàg k~vp~cagfdĔa# FdĔaè(a yac`ıvıv">8/'

Bacf~ko# Kag P~vacı `nypagıgà abacogog

b~|~v~gà# fncco k~vaccav oèog`n fdĔ~Ŕeak nyaypıv'Baòyn `ó|ngco zn }cagcı`ıv' Kag P~vacı agaàg `dĔeayd~g`~v~ceakpa zn yocabyı| dcavak bazagcavcaeóia`ncn nppovocenkpnòv' F~# Póvkcnv`n húvócenng fov~gy~v dcavak# f~hóg Ľy}aga(à a}ıcag fdĔahóvnŔcnvogog# Vdea(à hcaàpúvcnvog zabŔıagnkazhacavıgıg Fo|agy(a zn Pvaf|dg(a agyıeıŔ fov Ŕnkcodceacı`ıv' @oĔnv Póvk `nypagcavıgà vaypcagıceaag znfapıà yık yık kavŔıeı|a èıkag f~ ~gy~v~g Póvkcnvn aopdcea`ıĔı aŔokæv ıv' Gopnkoe# baòyngog hnèpoĔo enkagıgDĔ~| occnvogog `ıŔıgà dceayı à f~ jokvo `dĔv~caveabonppnòv'

F~ pabcoc `ngnenyog`ng % òĔnv `nypagcavı à

hú|úgógn acavak% gnpoin dcavak Ŕ~gcavı èıkavafocovo|<@n`n Kdvk~p `nypagcavıgıg agcapıc`ıĔı `úgne`nDh~|cav(ıg; nyko ~vpcavıgàg hnpovòkcnvo fa|ı `nypag}avèacavıgı ngo eainvacavca fovcokpn ngo ~vpcavıgaaà}pn nppokcnvogo# kavŔıcaŔpıkcavı nvcnŔok en`ngonpcnvkavŔıyıgà fov eó``np ènkoghng àzvag`ıkcavıgı#paavv~| npenk nvogn eóàjaa npenn àba ja|caaĔıvcık znvòkcnvogo# f~g~g agıgà Ŕ~ zna f~ Ŕnkoc`n&kajov&cnvcn ocoŔkocnvn hovoŔpokcnvogo# úgin havo}ynòkcnvonvcnŔok en`ngonpn ydgvacavı ıyıgeaa faŔca ıkcavıgı#eóycóeagcıĔı kaf~c npencnvogn kavŔıcık nyko Póvkògogog zn nyko baap pav|ıgıg pnyovocn avı eóycóeag fov

baap aŔa`ı

kcavı

gı

yúcnnfocovo|'



69

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@Ľ]GDPCAV

, F~ a|ıàko húvóŔcnv 1?2? ıcıgà &Póvk @nypagcavı(gıgPabcoco& a cı @dkpdva `nvyog`n ]vdj' @v' @~vy~g _ıc ıvıe(a

yneognv èacıŔeayı dcavak y~g~ce~Ŕp~v' 1' E~bavvne NVHĽG# @n`n Kdvk~p Kopafı O# y' 12>'6' E~bavvne NVHÇG# a'h'n'# y' 12:'9' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 128'0' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 122'>' E~bavvne NVH]X# a'h'n'# y' 12?# 1?>':' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 12>'8' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?8'2' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 122'?' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 122'1=' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 122'11' Enbenp Ka}cag# Póvk N`nfoapı Ó|nvogn AvaŔpıveacav L# y'

01%>0'16' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 11:%1>9'

19' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 12: "Fafayı

# nĔnv bógnvog zavoyn yaga avav kı| f~c`~e `nv/'10' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?9%1?2'1>' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 22%2?'1:' F~ b~y~ypa E' Ka}cag(e ~kavıà |okvnòcng nynvogn

fakıcafocov'18' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n# y' 1?>'12' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 12:'1?' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n# y' 1?9'6=' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h' '' y' 1?2'61' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?2'66' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?2'69' Ka}cag# a'h'n# y' 86'60' Jabvnppog Kıv|ıdĔc~# @n`n Kdvk~p DĔ~|gaencnvo 1'

Kopa}# 11? y' "E' NVHĽG(`ng gakcng/6>' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' >6; @v' Jav~k Yóenv# PJA 6

"9= Diak 1?>6/ 0:?' "@n`n Kdvk~p(~g PnŔnkkóc6:' Pavobo ocn ochoco òĔnv húvóŔcnv oèog E' NVHĽG(og nynvogn

fakıcafocov'/68' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' >662' E~bavvne NVHĽG# ah'n'# y' >:6?' A`gag Ya ık Nv|o# Akkd~gc~ zn Kavadgc~ Pavobo

Bakkıgà AvaŔpıveacav# PPK FnccnpngRZOOO# 8=

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9=' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 12:'91' E~bavvne NVHÇG' a'h'n'# y' ?>%11>' "Yac~v Ka|ag(ıgnzogog `óŔeag pavaj ıgàg aĔeacageayı agcapıcıv'/

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>>' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?6'>:' E~bavvne NVHĽG# a'h'n'# y' 1?6'>8' Ka}cag# a'h'n'# y' 86'>2' DĔ~| KaĔag zn @n`n Kdvk~p @nypagcavıgàg bavnknpcn#

húènfn Póvkcnv(`n bazagıg nvo# úgneo zn dgcavcaeóia`ncn Ŕnkoc zn nyaycavı kdg~y~gà eóboe jokovcnvdvpaa kdag E' Ka}cag(ıg ~kavıà a`ı hnèng nynvogog >>%:?' yajacavıga fakıcafocov'



60

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

ÆŗOK ÈNCNFĽ@ĽZAGOG@AAPAYÚ\Ó ZN @N_ĽECNV

_v`'@dè'@v' Joco| KOCOÈ

Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo Jng%N`nfoap Jakócpnyo

Hnvnk apayú|cnvo zn hnvnkyn `noecnvog dvpakkócpóv eovayı oèog`n kngògn ú|hó nvo zn úgneozav`ıv'

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hóècó ynefdccnvo dcavak zn yúcnòkcnvogn ogag`ıvıiı fovbaza znvnfocenk oypnĔocn vabapèa k~ccageıŔcav`ıv"c/'Avıia# enia|cavca ókcó @ozag Ŕoovogn# apayú|cnvo zn`noecnvog ydg `nvnin ~h~g dceayı à èdkk~ccagıceacavıga ynfn} dce~Ŕp~v'

RZ' ayıvà Yajç eabcaycı In|nvç Kayıe ]aŔa ocnfaŔcaag Ŕoov`n apayú|ó zn `noe k~ccagea hncngnĔo#hnvnk f~ ayıvà# hnvnkyn RZO' ayıvà fov èdk Ŕaov`nhúvócóv' F~ hncngnĔog n`nfoapıeı|àko ng faŔavıcı pneyocioyo Gniapo(òv'

Kcayok n`nfoapıeı|ıg fóók Ŕaovcnvcn `dv~kgdkpayıga ~caŔpıĔı zn ng hó|nc úvgnkcnvogo znvòĔo RZO'

ayıvà Ŕaovcnv# òcn ydg `nvnin bakoeòvcnv# F~ ayıvàfaŔcaag nvcocnŔen invnagı ocn fovcokpn apayú|ó zn`noecnv yıkèa k~ccagıcıv' Póvkèn(gog oja`n oekagcavıgı#kncoencnvog `nĔoŔok eagacavıgı oo focng Ŕaovcnv# apayú|ózn `noecnvo k~ccagıvkng fóók ~ypacık húypnvov# a`npakncoencnvcn dgavcav'

Ú|nccokcn RZO' ayıvà V~enco Ŕaovcnvog`nnvco gopncokcnv hú|n èav}av @ozagcavàkı Ŕoovcnvogkdg~cavı hngnccokcn nyko kdg~cav dc~}# òg# payazz~j#bokenp# úzhó# vog`cok# aŔk# pafoap zf'òv' F~ kdg~cavoŔcngovkng a}ıcag fng|npencnv`n k~ccagıcagenia|cavà# ènzvngog zn nvco ~gy~vcavıg Ŕoovn èdkèa

hovòĔo húvócóv' Hncngnk zn húvngnkcnvcn ochocofng|npencnv# `noecnvog enia|cı agcaecavıgàgavavcagıcavak a}ıcag yagapcav# ènzvn ocn ochoco yde~ppayzovcnv zf' hofo"6/'

N`nfoapıeı|à ú|nccokcn pn|kovnyocn pagıgagŔaov zn a|av AŔık Èncnfo(gog òzagı dc`~Ĕ~ }nkfocogen|' Eaypnv pn|o dcavak ba|ıvca`ıĔıeı| f~ òzagànv acag Ŕoovcnvog`n apayú|cnvo zn `noecnvn yıkcıkcavaypcaeakcaı|' V~enco(`n `dĔ~} f~vaà aŔa`ıĔı oèogV~enco Ŕaovcnvog`n húvócng fópóg b~y~yonpcnv# dg~gŔoovcnvog`n n enzi~pp~v'

ÆŔık Èncnfo(gog ga|eı# gnyvogog akyogndc`~kèa ya`n fov òc zn èdk pafoo fov óyc~} ocna|ıceıŔpıv'

ĽŔpn# fov èdk @ozag Ŕaovoeo|og Ŕoovcnvog`nk~ccag`ıkcavı f~ apayú|ó zn `noecnvo pnyfop zn`nĔnvcngòven kdg~y~gà ja|ca fov èacıŔeaa}ıceaeıŔpıv'"9/' _a}ıcagcav a ó|nync dceakpag úpnnho`neneoŔpov' F~gcavı `nĔnvcngòven fov aga# ncn acıgagòzagàko fópóg apayú|ó zn `noecnv# pnyfop focnnòceneoŔpov'



6>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F~ a|ıeı|ıg nyay hanyo ÆŔık Èncnfo(gogŔoovcnvog`n k~ccag`ıĔı apayú|ó zn `noecnvo hóg ıŔıĔıgaèıkaveakpıv' Agiak# Gniapo# _aba Fn# Baacç#^y~cç# Johagç# Enacç zn Gnz(ç òzagcavıgà pnyfop

nòcng apayú|cnvo zn `noecnvo `n znvninĔo|' Fúcnin fovagàg bagho apayú|cnvo zn `noecnvog f~ Ŕaovcnvoeo|pavaj ıgàg àba èdk k~ccagıc ıĔıgı pnyfop n`nvkng# fovagàg à ya`nin AŔık Èncnfo òzagıgà nv acagapayú|cnvo zn `noecnvo |okvn`nvnk# dg~g dvologacopnyogodvpaa kdeak oypodv~|'

A% Apayú|cnvo AŔık Èncnfo(gog Ŕoovcnvog`n 68 a`np apayú|ó

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èacıŔeacavà f~c~geaeakpa`ıv'@ozagà nv acag apayú|cnvo# hngnccokcn

f~hógkó k~ccagıŔa akıg fov Ŕnkoc`n znvoceoŔpov' Zn|og znkajon hnvnĔo kncoencnvog nvogo `nĔoŔpoven# kncoen ocaznnpen zna èıkavea hofo kóèók `nĔoŔokcokcnv a}ıceıŔpıv'

Apayú|cnvo &enync`óv&# &enŔb~v`~v&# &òvcnv&#&yúcngóv& Ŕnkcog`n oja`ncnv ng ydgva |okvnòcòho hofohovoŔ kncoenyo znvocen`ng n yúcngeoŔ'

Apayú|cnvo# fnop oèog`n èdĔ~gc~kca okogioeıyvaà nv aceıŔcav' Fúcnin AŔık Èncnfo fnopfópógcóĔó oèog`n ock eıyvaà fncovppoĔo `~v~e~ okogio

eıyvaà ú|có fov Ŕnkoc`n oy}apcaeakpa zn Ŕoovcnvogn fovvngk kapeakpa'

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68

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62

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96

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99

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enkp~}pa# f~ ngòŔncnvo òcn hnpovov< &Fov eoccnpogeópnjnkkovcnvo# dg~g e~ka``nvapıga ng |oa`nacakaàv dcag zn ng bayyay ogyagcav oyn bnvknypng|oa`n dgcavıg }dcopoka oèog`n aŔaeacavı `dĔv~ dc~v'

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&ŗ~ baappa boèfov Ŕn dceaagcav# fov Ŕndcagcavı focbayya }dcopoka oèog`n húvógin bnengpaŔcaeaa faŔcav' Enynca (Aeag njngòe d Ŕaovòv'(

ab~p à (Jncnydjp~v!( òn bappa &Eóbngòypov#`dkpdv`~v!( òn pngyok npenn èacıŔıvcav `nĔoc eo4Gaàgcavıg fov bacnp%o v~bonyo pabcoc nòcogin agcaŔıcıv ko#}dcopoka ago fov eoccnpog e~ka``nvapıgıg invnagcavı paeaeocn Ŕabyonpyo| dcagcavıg ncog`n f~c~geacı`ıv`nenk oypodvcav' Fng f~ ga|avono pnvyogn ènzovnvnkfov }avcaengpdg~g oèog`n boèfov enycnĔn zn en|onpne~|aj dceaag fov koeyn húvógin< (F~ aàe }dcopokaocn ~ĔvaŔaea|# `ıŔavı apıgı|# èógkó kngòyo boèfov Ŕn`nĔocòv! '''( nenk oypnvòe&"c?/

F~ eóàjaa ióecncnvo# ogn `n kngòyo

bakkıgà a}ıcag pngkopcnvo nghnccnnenò' –Yoaynpdg~g enycnĔo `nĔocò' Baappa fúcn fov pnvfonaceaeıŔpı' Bavoioneo|cn gn akıgàg# gn ~|akpagacækacı oò("6=/ `ngocnvnk ò}cdeacı ynjov dceaıŔı pngkopnòcodv`~' Óè ıca akıg fov yóvn ZavŔdza( akoèacıŔeacavı zn npvaj ıgàko bavagcavı# kav`nŔo VnŔap"Fnapcı/ pavaj ıgàg Ŕúcn agcapıcıdv< &Baco`n Nòf(og fova|ıyıgà à fncovpocòĔo hofo# d |aeag ZavŔdza ynjavnpo#ocoe aàecavıgıg a`npa eópnzaco |oavnphæbı dce~Ŕ zn f~ynfn}cn _aba Kneac# ng fóók aka`neok goŔagı aceıŔpı' Ea`vo ( n `n ocoe zn yava e~bopog`n `nvog fov

bóvenp bacnyo oèog`n aŔa`ıĔıgı cajca `nĔoc# gnŔvoapcaoy}ap eóekóg`óv' F~ avaà kngòyogn eóypnŔvokcnvkdghvnyogin fov `n aka`neok goŔag znvoceoŔpov"61/'Jnbeo G~|a à# &_aba Kneac Fnapcı BavoionBo|enpog`n& a`cı eakacnyog`n _aba Kneac(og# 10Ba|ovag 1?6: pavobog`ng 10 Eavp 1?6? pavobogn kaàvZavŔdza(à f~c~g`~Ĕ~ 99 a eó``npogin òkkapcnza|ojncnvo nvogn hnpovòĔo# fakagcıĔı a`ıgcapeaàk~y~v npenòĔo b~y~ycavıgı òcn hnpovenkpnòv"66/' _abaKneac# ZavŔdza Dvpa NcèocoĔog`ng 10 Eavp 1?6?( aavıceıŔpıv'

Ľy}aga $ Ea`vo`< : ŗ~fap 1?6? % 1?96 &\oc# Ŕac zn hóc' F~ fabèn`n vakyıg fópóg bı|ı'''

ŗnzk akŔaeıgà Ng`ócóy óè nja kıveı|ı'& _aba Kneac(og Ea`vo`(`nko húvnzn apagea

pavobo# : ŗ~fap 1?6?"69/# húvnzn faŔcaea pavobo oyn# 6?ŗ~fap 1?6?(`~v' Ea`vo` ncèocoĔo yıvayıgà fov pakıehn|ocnv a}ag"60/ _aba Kneac# ncèocok za|ojnyognfaŔca ıĔıgà# Ľy}aga pabpıgà Kvac ROOO' Acjdgyd zav`ıv'_aba Kneac Kvac Acjdgyd(g~g pakòvogo ka|agıv' _abaKneac(o az }avpoyogn àznp n`ng Kvac# dg~gydbfnpcnvog`ng fov baco npkocngov"6>/'

_aba Kneac# Ea`vo ( n Kvac Acjdgyd(~kngòyogn bavag fıvakıv< &_aba Kneac(og zapagıgı ynzenyo# pavobogo ynzenyo# eocco enjabovogo ynzenyo#acgı| fo| Póvkcnvo bnniagcag`ıveıdv# Zapagıgı èdkynzng# èdk |nko# èdk |avoj Ľy}aga Kvacı ROOO'

Acjdgyd(~ à bnniagcag`ıgdv'"'''/ Bavoion Ga|ıvıgı èaĔıvı} kngòyogn<&% Fng `n fúcn ynjov oypnvoe# f~ Póvk ynjovo

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(%Póvk ynjovogog fópóg Póvk pavobo faŔıgıgoèog`n# zapagıgıg aŔkı à kacfog`n' ''&"6:/'

1?9= ıcıgà dc zn dpnc eayvajcavıgı fo||apkavŔıcaavak# eoyajov nppoĔo Zaca G~vn`òg# kócpóvncèocoĔo za|ojnyogo faŔavıca nvogn hnpovng nz yabofo_aba Kneac bakkıgà Ŕ~gcavı a|ıdv'& ''' hanp oo pavobfocng _aba Kneac# Ľy}aga pavobog`n `n `nvogcnŔeoŔpo'

Fngo pavobo engkıfncnvog bazayı oèog`n aŔapavak %P~cnp~cn zn Nyi~voac ŗapdy~ àboc% Ľy}aga(gıg fovèdknvcnvog`n hn|òvò' D yıvacavà enecnknp fov oyagfaŔcaghıiı bazayıgı aŔıdv`~& "68/'

@dyp~# nyko fóókncèo Eógov Nvpnhóg(ógpazyonyo ó|nvogn a|`ıĔı Ľy}aga bapıvacavıgà#Ľy}aga# Ŕnbov Ŕnbov ú|nccokcnvo ocn payzov nòcenkpn#focbayya eoeavo `dk~ ó|nvog`n dv~e zn e~kanyncnva}ıceakpa`ıv"62/'

Yag(apkav eo|aiı zn e~yokon dcag ochoyogog `npnyovocn _aba Kneac# oy}aga(gıg kócpóv baapı ocnakıgàg acækaàv dce~Ŕ# Ľy}aga(ı kú kú hn|nvnk

focho nògeoŔpov"6?/'_aba Kneac# fov en`ngonp goŔagnyo dcag

Ea`vo (o èdk ynznv< &^|cnpn oo acıŔeıŔ ogyagcava húvnEa`vo` yıkıgpıcı fov Ŕnbov dceakca eav~jp~v' Bakokap `nfúcnòv' Hngè# kagı bavnknpco# nĔcnginn `óŔkóg#bavnknpo ynzng ogyagcav f~vaà vabapyı| dcafocovcnv'Cakog fng hóg`ng hógn àba |oa`neóg|nzocnŔpoĔoe`ng# ynko| `dk~| ayıv nzznc e~pnkoj zneóg|nzocnvog òzag dc`~Ĕ~ oèog# Ava}cav pavaj ıgàg‒Eóinvvo`‟ oyeo znvoceoŔ dcag Ea`vo ( ngeneg~g~e&"9=/'



90

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ea`vo` ncèocoĔogo óvópóvkng# kngòyognCo|fdg "]dvpnko|/ ncèocoĔo `n znvocov< &Avae bókóenpcnàba `dĔv~y~ Pnzj ık VóŔpó ocn oo `nĔocò' PnzjokVóŔpó yık yık ]dvpnko| ynjovcoĔogo `n faga znvenkoypodv`~' Gobanp opoeapgaeneo húg`nveoŔ "fúcn ava

aèıkcıĔıga iag k~vfag/' KıŔ ydg~gà kackı} ]dvpnko|( nhoppoe' Co|fdg(a zavıgia< (aeag f~vaà kacea# Nypdvoc(nhop( `nòcnv' Zacn ocn dvaa hoppoe' Hanp cóky ngo fovdpnc a}ıceıŔpı' Dga ogòe' Ydgva Co|fdg(aopoeapgaeneo znvenn hoppoe' Bókóeàv èdk oo fovogyag`ı# Ľypagf~c(~ èdk ynzòĔogo yúcnò'

&Co|fdg èdk yıkıgpıcı fov nv' Faga Ľypagf~c(afng|nòĔogo yúcneoŔcnvò' Co|fdg# agiak Ľypagf~c(~g@dca}`nvn(yogn fng|odv' Nypdvoc `n ing~} `ngo|ogn aèıkdc`~Ĕ~ oèog èúc hofo yıiak dc~dv`~' Dg hóg ydgvaEa`vo`(n úg`óe&"91/'

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1?>2 ıcıgà# FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv HngncK~v~c~(gàko `ncnhncnv avayıgà Aòcn Aà à zav`ıv'

Óè aa akıg fov yóvn Acpıgiı Kdeoydg~g èacıŔeacavıgakapıcag Aà# `úgóŔpn Ea`vo (n ~Ĕvav' Eakya`ı# _abaKneac(og Ea`vo`(`ng ]avoy(n hoòŔ ynfn}cnvogo f~ceakpıv'_aba Kneac(og ncèocok a}pıĔı `úgne`ng kacag pnk koŔodcag Fóókncèocok Kazayı E~ypaja Pd}acdĔc~ ocnhúvóŔóv' E~ypaja Njngò# _aba Kneac(og èdk oèpoĔogo#oèogin kngòyogo kafnpenòĔogo agiak# nvpnyo hógcnvovabapyı| dcavak hnèovòĔogo agcapıv' Aòcn Aà# enyncno(fov Ŕaov acıghagcıĔıga faĔcaeakpa`ıv' 1?6?%1?96 ıccavı#Ľy}aga( a oè yazaŔıg dc`~Ĕ~# f~ga faĔcı dcavakkavıŔıkcıkcavıg aŔag ıĔı ıccav`ıv' Aòcn Aà# _aba

Kneac(og f~ kavıŔık `úgne`n hnvnkng popo|coĔohúypnvennvnk# FakagcıĔa npnvco eac~eapı znavnyeo fov nzvakı |aeagıgà húg`nveneoŔ dc`~Ĕ~kagaapogo paŔıeakpa`ıv"9>/'

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Kneac(`n# ò}cdeapok baapıg |dv zn ènpvnjoc Ŕavpcavı ocnŔaov eo|aiıgıg èapıŔpıĔıgı yavob fov Ŕnkoc`n húvenenkcnfnvafnv# enkp~}cavıgà# ò}cdeayo`nko eógaynfnpcnvogpafoo dceaıŔıgàg ŔokanpcngòĔogo# bnv j ıvyappaĽypagf~c(a zn `dyp ènzvnyogn dcag bayvnpogo òcn

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ka}agaeıdv; npvaj ıgà baap oypodv' F~ opofævcaEa`vo` èdk yıkıdv&"98/'

ZavŔdza(àg Yócneag Ga|ojn húg`nvòĔo 1:AĔ~ypdy 1?60 pavobco enkp~}pa oyn"92/# &En`ngonpogfog póvcó kócjnpcnvcn zói~à hnpovenĔn èacıŔpıĔı gnŔ(ncnv&og Ľypagf~c(à `dypcavı ocn a}pıĔı ydbfnpcnvo~g~pp~vaea ıĔeı a|av' Èdk eae~v# en`ngo# agiaknĔcnginco dceaag aĔe~vc~ zn ka}acı bazagıg bókóeyóv`óĔó ZavŔdza# àĔ zn `ngo| ~jk~gàg"9?/ eabv~edc~Ŕ~ca à _aba Kneac(n ja|ca ia|o} hncen|' ŗaov#Ľypagf~c bayvnpo ocn `d}`dc~ Paef~vo Ineoc Fn(o ògcnv<

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Aòcn Aà# @ıŔoŔcnvo avŔozog`n a}pıĔı avaŔpıveaà# > Goyag 1?96(`n envkn|`nhúvnzcngòvocenk ó|nvn _aba Kneac(n pnchvaj hncòĔogo# f~ pnchvaja 6= Goyag(à ]avoy(n pnàzo oèogho`ninĔo a|ıcı dcag fov pnchvajca inza} znvoceoŔ dc`~Ĕ~g~ pny}op n`nv' _aba Kneac# focogòĔo hofo# 6>

Goyag 1?96(`n eóypajo yaıceıŔpıv'_aba Kneac(og envkn|n èaĔvıceayıga

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9:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

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akyn`ng pavaj ıgıg aĔıvcıĔıe à paŔıeakpa`ıv' Húvnz

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Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo Jng N`' Jak' Ú Ĕ vnpoe Ónyo



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F~ fakıŔ aèıcavıgıg fov gnpoinyo dcavak yagapnynvcnvogo agcaeak zn f~gcavı Póvk hngècnvogognĔopoeog`n pnenc `nvy eac|nenyo aeaiıca k~ccageakó|nvn 1?29(png fnvo ]vdj' @v' Ya`ık P~vac(ıg coyagy zncoyagyóypó `nvycnvog`ng `nvcngng `nvy gdpcavı ocn ènŔopcoaıgcavà pavpıŔpıĔı &pabkonco nynvcnvo pabcoc&

kdg~y~g~ ncn acag a|ıcavı ogincngòĔog`n' jaà}vngyofo aèıyıgàg k~ccagıcafocnink fov }cægıg pnŔnkkócnppoĔo húvóceóŔpóv'

]vdj' @v' Ya`ık P~vac(ıg òkkapcnvocn dc~Ŕagpabkonco nynvcnvo pabcoc }cagı }nk pafoçòv ko fov pnkcoj bózonpog`nòv; |ova# fov yagap nynvo oèog pnkneeócnpeoŔ fov pabcoc }cægı y~geak eóekóg `nĔocòv' Fúcn fovŔno yúcnenk yagap nynvogo yıgıvcag`ıvıv'

Hógóeó|`n enpog ogincnenyo oèog bnvknyogfovcnŔpoĔo pnenc zn ypagàvp fov pnkgoĔog enzi~pdceaeayı à ~kavıàko ynfn}cnvcn fovcnŔogin ènŔopcoavaıŔcava úgncenk hnvnkpo' F~ avaıŔcav ydg~i~#

kngòeo|n úvgnk dcavak fa|ı dccav pnyfop npennèacıŔpık'Pnviob n`nfocòĔoeo| fovogio dc# Enbenp

Ka}cag(ıg Bokan Pabcoccnvo(g`n ~h~ca`ıĔı pabcocenpd`~`~v' Enpog`ng bavnknp n`ng zn hnvnkpoĔo|aeag &nynv%a|av&# &nynv%ydyac ènzvn& zn &nynv%`nzov& avayıgàko ochoo `nĔnvcngòvng f~ enpdà húvn#n`nfç nynv kngò oèog`n fov fópógcók paŔıv'

&F~ enpd`~g nyayı# òkkapo n`nfç enpogcnvó|nvogn úgncpenk zn dg~ dc~Ŕp~vag ~gy~vcavı# f~~gy~vcavıg aga jokov zn fovfovcnvocn dcageógaynfnpcnvogo ogincnenkpng ofavnppov' F~ enpd` Ŕ~

nypnpok }vngyofn àagı

v< Bnv n`nfç nynv kngò oèog`ndvhagok fov fópóg`óv' Dg~g hó|nccoĔo `n f~ga àagıv'Eókneencconp# nynvo dc~Ŕp~vag ~gy~vcav avayıgàk~v~cag abngkpng ofavnppov' Dg~ agcaeak zn`nĔnvcngòvenk oèog nynvog òkkapco fov Ŕnkoc`nogincngenyo hnvnkov' (Enpog pabcoc enpd`~( n`nfoapıghan zn eabonpogn ~h~g dcag enpd``~v' \ova n`nfç nynv# agiak kngò oèog`n dvhagok fov fópóg bacognhncòĔo |aeag# hó|nccok zn eókneenconpn ~caŔıv'

F~ agcaıŔ pav|ı# úpn`ng fnvo focogng zn~h~cagag nynv%a|av# nynv%ydyac ènzvn# nynv%`nzovavayıgàko eógaynfnpcnvo ogincneno# havoenŔv~ znaocoe `ıŔı kacea|&"c/'

Ľkogio dc oyn# ]vdj' @v' Ya`ık Kneac P~vacpavaj ıgàg 1?29%1??0 ıccavı avayıgàko eaypnv zn`dkpdva }vdhvaecavıgà znvocng `nvy gdpcavıgıgogincngenyo ocn dc~Ŕp~v~cag enpd``~v' F~ga húvn&eac|nenyo òcn àacı&"6/ fov yagap nynvogo ogincnvkngŔ~ enyncncnvn okkap npenk hnvnkov'

@dheapok ogincnen# kaf~ccnv `ógayı# kngòkazvaea yıgıvcavı oèog`n fov hncoŔen ynvo pako}n`nfocenkpng faŔka pnviobcnvn aèık dceaag o`ndcdlok#

úgavhıcı zna f~ga fng|nng `óga húvóŔógógagabpav pafovcnvogn kavŔıcık avaag fov pn`kok a}aiaĔı oèog# èacıŔeaeı|à f~ dc fngoeyngeneoŔpov'

Dflnkpoj ogincnen# Enbenp Ka}cagpavaj ıgàg ~h~cagag enpd``~v ko# ~kavıàfabynòceoŔpov'

Ne}vnydgoyp "ogpofaiı/ zn vncapozoyp "o|ajo/ogincnen oyn# fov enpd` dcavak fngoeyngenkpng àbaèdk# eógnkkoòg fovokoe kagakcavıga àacı# nypnpokpnviobcnvn oekag znvng oko pnkgok dcavakfocogenkpnòv"9/'

Boè Ŕó}bnyo| ogyag pavaj ıgàg a}ıcag fópógúcèencnv`n bapa }aı dcaiakpıv"0/ zn ó|`n ó|dflnkpoj kacafocenk |dv`~v' F~ hnvènkpng bavnknpcn#aeaiıeı|# &eóekógóg yıgıvcavı oèog`n& dflnkpoj kacafocenkpov' Fov focho acagı dceakpag èıkavıceakó|nvn avaŔpıveacav a}ıcag n`nfoap yabayı oèog`nkonypnpok zn jokvo pnviobcnvo `nĔnvcngòvenĔn havnpnpenk èdk aba |dv`~v">/'

Nynv# enpd`c~ Ŕó}bn ngòŔnyo paŔıavak znavaŔpıveacavıg ydg~gà ènzvn# `úgne# Ŕabıy# póv znpnkgok ocn ochoco apıjcav a}ıcavak; `~h~# `óŔógin#baac zn àzvagıŔcavıg pa`æocnvo `dĔv~cp~y~gàogincngnfocov'

Pabkonco oja`n# dce~Ŕ# dceayı eóekóg#dcaiak zna dceaeıŔ# dceayı eóekóg dceaagdcacavı agcapıv; dceak joocogog eóyfnp zna engjoŔnkoccnvocn fópóg yohacavı kavŔıcaaiak pav|à ogyagbaacogog ~caŔafocòĔo nvcnvo `n bnyafa kapıcavakpnvpo} nòcenyoòv# ĽgyagdĔc~ hnèeoŔpng f~ |aeagakaàv dce~Ŕ~# dc`~Ĕ~ hofo agcapeakpag |nzk aceaeıŔ#z~k~ f~cag dcacavıg fov kıyeıgı èıkaveıŔ# dceayı eóekóg dcacavı `óŔógeóŔ# fov kıyeıgı nkcneoŔ#pavobpng agceıŔ# dcacavı `nĔoŔpoveoŔ zn n`nfoappakopabkonco oja`n enàga hnceoŔpov":/'

Pabkonco oja`ncnv# Póvk n`nfoapıgà# eayac#njyagn# `nypag# engkıfn# bazag bokancnvo# backbokancnvo# en`àb bokancnvo# capojn# agnk`dp# j ıkva#gnkvn# vdeag# ~|~g bokan# kıya bokan# eogo bokan znfng|nvo hofo ènŔopcnvn agcıv'

&N`nfo nynvo enàga hnpovng dca zna`~v~ecav ocn dgcavıg `dĔ~v`~Ĕ~ `~h~# `óŔógin# baaczn àzvagıŔcav# hnvènk baappako fng|nvcnvog`ngjavkcı`ıv; nv nv ynèoceoŔ# aıkcageıŔ# nv nvnkcngeoŔ# favo|cnŔpovoceoŔ# Ŕo``npcngòvoceoŔpov' Hnvènkacne`n dce~Ŕ z~kû f~ce~Ŕ `~v~e zn dcacav ocndgcavıg ydg~i~ dcag `~h~# `óŔóg# baac znàzvagıŔcavàg javkcı fov ngo acne% ga|ıe zna gnyov%n`nfç nynv`n pnŔnkkóc npeoŔpov' F~ ngo acnen opofavocokpaŔıag acne a}ıgpıcı `ógaúvógpócó acne fapı òccnvog`nko oja`nyo ocn jokpoj acne# enàga



01

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

hnpovocng ú|nc fópógcóĔn `n joipodg jokpodg "jokŔıg j ıkyodg/# úvógpó# a}ı `ngocodv&"8/'

Fa|ı avaŔpıvıiıcav# jokpoj kazvaeı nvogn&opofavç&"2/ kncoenyogo k~ccagıdvcav;

&Ó|nvog`n aŔa`ıĔıeı| `ógaàg àba

nvog`n fov oja`n ocn bavoiç æcne`ng acıgag ~gy~vcavcayagapkæv pavaj ıgàg ogŔa nòcng ngo zn e~bancæcnen opofavç æcne; dvaà invnag n`ng dcacava opofavç dca; f~ dcacava oŔpovak n`ng ogyagcava opofavç ogyag;enkaga à opofavo enkag `nenk hnvnkov' "'''/ Kıyaiayı opofavç æcne# bavoiç æcneog fov `óŔógin yoypneonpvaj ıgà yagapkæv pavaj ıgàg dv~ecageayı gnpoinyozói~p f~c~v&"?/'

Fa|ı avaŔpıveaiıcav oyn# joipodg kncoenyogok~ccageakca fnvafnv# f~ pnvoeog Ŕó}bncnkavŔıcageayıgı oea nòdvcav<

&Fovo dcacava faĔcı# fncovco fov nv zn |aeaga

aop# àv eagayı ocn pavobo hnvènk; òĔnvo oyn kazvaecavafaĔcı# hngnc eabonppn jncynjo hnvènk' F~ pavojn húvn#jncynjn zn pavob aèıyıgàg baaccnvn àagag n`nfoap#fov (~`~vea(# "joipodg/# fov acag`ıv' Joipodg pnvoeo#n`nfoapa kavŔı nyko }capdgok pn}ko eagayıgı bacae~baja|a npenkpnòv' "'''/ N`nfoapıg acàpıiı dc`~Ĕ~ga àov f~ nyko opbaeıg o|ogo paŔıag joipodgkncoenyo# vdeagıg hnvènk baappag àba pafoo dc`~Ĕ~g~zn baapı àba oo pneyoc nppoĔogo focng io`ò vdeagiıı ó|enkpnòv&"1=/'

Joipodg(ıg yú|cókpn# &vdeag zn bokann`nfoapı# k~vh~yac n`nfoap; baac# oiap# eayac#

~`~vea bokan# acag; "b~k'/ kdcacı

k dcy~g ònbakokap hofo jav| dc~gag Ŕn'&"11/ eagacavıga hncòĔofocogenkpnòv' Joipozn oyn# &eayac zna baackafocog`ng# baacç# ~`~vea# yabpn&"16/ hofo agcaecavı ocn joipodg(a aacı dcavak pagıecagıv'

Fov kıyıe kagakcavà oyn# joipodg< Gdznc(àgfaŔka ú|nc fov agcae oja`n npen|"c9/'

]vdj' @v' Ya`ık P~vac(ıg &hnvènĔoeyo a}ı&òn oja`n nppoĔo pabkonco nynvcnvo pabcoc }cagıgıg acpfaŔcıkcavı Ŕúcnòv<

O%@Oŗ _A]O 1' Fofcodhvajok Kógn6' Kdg~9' Aga Jokov "Pn|% Enyal% _dv~e/0' Aga Èo|hocnvcn Zak(a "Dcacav Úvhóyó/>' Pabkongog Póvó:' Nynvog A`ı# Pneapok _a}ı ocn ochoyo8' Nynv Bakkıgà _a}ıceıŔ _aıgcav

OO%ĽÈ _A]O A% HNVÈNėĽEYĽ _A]O_OBA\OVCA_AG ^GY^VCAV 1%1%FakıŔ Aèıyı<

a'Agcapıe P~p~e~<' Pnkcoj# pnckog# pnfcoĔ ' Pngkop úgncpoio# ú|ncnŔpovo' Aca nòio# }avdò# ovdgo

' Pazıv kdeaıiı; payzov# pabcocf'Agcapıe ŗnkco "Jdve/ zna agcapıiıgıgkoecoĔo<

' Ľja`n Nòcng ŗabıy \aeovo < "fng/# "d/ znòĔnvcnvo

' Agcapıiıgıg KoecoĔo< _a|av%agcapıiı#Kabvaeag %agcapıiı

' Agcapıiıgıg Kdg~e~< Bakoe FakıŔ Aèıyı%Ľ|cngoeio FakıŔ Aèıyı zy'

6% Agcapıe PnkgoĔo<a' Zak(a Pnvpofo<' Póv< Kcayok zak(a# `~v~e# ag# knyop' Pnvpofog ]cagı< HovoŔ# HncoŔen# Ydg' @óĔóecnv< Envkn| koŔo zn oĔnvcnvo ocn ochoco

`óĔóecnv' Bæc# eæ|o# hncnink ocn ochoco Enkæg ocn ochocoAga `óĔóe zn ava `óĔóecnv Èú|ócen zn ava óĔóenfaĔcagıŔ Kdgpvaycav

f% Zak(a Pakòeo<@oacdhcavia |nghog; Engy~v Ŕoov; Edgdcdh

zna bopafnp; @nypag zna eayac; ]dcoyon; Accnhdvok#Ydyac pngkop# boioz; Enkp~}# hógcók gdp# ynabap;Bapıva; Zncænp%gæen# engækıf%gæen# payazz~jo#

@nvzoŔ nĔopng; Baac k~vh~; K~vh~ focoe ''''''''zf'pakòecnv'

F%HNVÈNėĽEYĽ _A]O_ODC ŗP^VAG ^GY^VCAV < 1% Johóvcnv< a% Ľgyag# bazag# fopko# nŔa zn òĔnv

~gy~vcavĽGYAG ' ]yokdcdlok \nghogcok< Po}# Kavakpnv#

ŗabyonp' Húvnz @aĔıcıeı< Kabvaeag# _av`ıeiı

kabvaeag# johóvag' Iogyonp< Èdi~k# hngè# npoŔkog# dvpa aŔcı#

obpoav# hngè kı| zn ka`ıg# nvhng# yakap# baypa#ya}eacav#'''

' @oĔnv ^gy~vcav< Enycnk# Ydyac Ypapó#NĔopoe# Kócpóv# Jo|ok ^gy~vcav# En`ngç @~v~e#'''

6% \aeag< a% Nynvog a|ıc`ıĔı |aeagf% Dcacavıg |aeagı "Akyodg/



06

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Kvdgdcdlok# hnvon úgóŔcó# agcık `úgóŔ "jcaybfaik/# kd|eok |aeag# }yokdcdlok|aeag# Ŕ~~v akıŔı "focogè akıeı/'''i% Nynv`n fabynòcng dcacavıg |aeagı

"faboy zn gakoccnv/è% Nynvog dk~g`~Ĕ~ |aeaga npkocnvo

9% Enkæg a% @av zn hngoŔ enkægf% Yd~p zn yde~p enkæg "opofævo# hnvènk#

hnvènĔoeyo'''/i% Akca# æ`npn# bæacn húvn enkægcav0% E~bpnza< a% Bneng húvócnfocng ocn avka }cagıg pakòeof% Kazvaecav# kaf~ccnv# pn|cnv# pnyfopcnv#

o|cngoecnv# dv~ecav< Kócpóv# òc# n`nfoap# pavob#idĔvaja# ea``ç ~gy~vcav# abcæk# Accab# ogyag# òg#zapag# eoccnp# ka`ıg# aŔk# iogyonp# nzcocok zn aocn# ydyacbaap# back%eoccnp%ineonp%ineaap# okpoyaò hnvènkcnv#

nĔopoe# oàvn# }dcopoka# fóvdkvayo# dv`~# òĔnv óckncnv#acnhdvok kazvaecav zn nynvcnv`n ynèocnfocng òĔnvkazvaecav'''

I%HNVÈNėĽEYĽ_A]O_OHNCĽŗPĽVNG ^GY^VCAV<1% @oc zn Óycû}<' Gakoc pav|ı Yny# bnin# kncoen# kncoen hv~}cavı# ióecn#}avahvaj# enpog' @oc# cnbèn# Ŕozn# aĔı|# akyag' Idgpnkypog dc~Ŕ~e~

6% Agcapea zn Húypnven _dccavı

9% Enpgog kcæyok n`nfo enpgn húvn `~v~e~0% Kncoen zn kncoen hv~}cavıga faĔcı

èaĔvıŔıecavF~ pabcoc }cagı bakkıgàko dv~ecavıeı|ı Ŕúcn

bócæya n`nfocovo|<@ıŔ _a}ı# nynvog a`ı ocn fovcokpn hngnc

ú|nccokcnvogog pagıpıceayıgàg ofavnppov< Ncn acıgagvdeagcavıg kopa} bacog`nko ock faykıcavıgàg opofavngf~c~gafocng fópóg faykıcavı Fofcodhvajok Kógn`nhúypnvocencoòv' Kdg~ &eac|nenyo òcn àagag& fov jokovzna yagap nynvog`nko `~h~# `óŔógin# baac zn azvagıŔ pd}c~c~Ĕ~ dcavak kaf~c nòceoŔpov' F~ kaf~c`ngbavnknpcn# &nynv gn agcapıdv4& ydv~y~ga fov ióecn ocninza} avageayıca enàga hnpovocninkpov'

Dk~~i~a kaf~c zna vn``nppovocenk# o`òazna oy}ap nòcenk# fov jokov bacog`n ocnvo yóvócenk#enyal dcavak y~g~ceak zn fng|nvo aeaècavca ncnacıgag pnenc `óŔógin# aga jokov a`ı acpıgà ogn fov pnkióecn ocn ú|npcngnfocov' Aga Èo|hocnvcn Zakıa#vdeagàko dcacavıg z~k~ f~ce~Ŕ ago paeaecageıŔ ú|nccoĔo okkapn acıgavak f~ Ŕnkoc`n oyoecngòvoceoŔpov'

Dcacavıg aga de~vhayı zna akyodg~g kacıg bapcı èo|hoyo f~ kıyıeà fncovpocnfocov' F~ ea``n`n# &ú|np&kncoenyog`ng zn kazvaeıgàg ú|nccokcn ~|akcaŔıc`ıĔı húvócenkpnòv'

]vdj' @v' Ya`ık P~vac(ıg pabkonco nynvcnvo pabcoc}cagıgà FakıŔ aèıyı oko yajbaà ogincngeoŔpov< Agcapıep~p~e~# agcapıiıgıg y~gea# pngko`# eo|ab hofopnviobcnv`ng baghoyogo fævo|cnŔpovnvnk fngoeynòĔogohúypnvov; avıia dflnkpoj zna y~flnkpoj ònfocninĔoeo|fov pazıv hncoŔpovoceoŔ oyn# f~ pazvı fncovcnenkpn av`ıeiı dc~v' ŗabıycav; enkæg# |aeag hofo jokpoj ~gy~vcav; apakòe# a payzov# a pabcoc# a òacdh a à akyodghofo avaiıcav ocn dk~~i~ kavŔıyıga hncov' F~ ú|nccokcnvofncovpnfocenk oèog# agcapıiı ocn agcapıe p~p~e~#fovfovog`ng avıceıŔpıv' Agcapıiıgıg KoecoĔo a à Agcapıe ŗnkco kıyeıgà óè avı fakıŔ aèıyı fncovcngnfocov< 1'Ŕabıy "fng Ŕnkco/# 9'Ŕabıy "d Ŕnkco/# 1'

zn 9' Ŕabı

y fov avaà "fng zn d Ŕnkco/' F~ fúcóe`nkoea``ncnvo# agcapıiı dcaıg oèog`n# a|ava zna Ŕabıycavaakıg# fov kabvaeag; dcaıg `ıŔıgà# a|avıg kngòyozna javkcı fov Ŕabıy dc~} dceaeayı hofo ú|nccokcnvnhúvn# a|av%agcapıiı# kabvaeag%agcapıiı hofo pnvoecnvcnoja`n npenk pnviobn faĔcı`ıv"10/'

Agcapıe PnkgoĔo(g`nko ]cag zn @óĔóecnv#jokpoj a}ıgıg fovfovogo paeaecaag oko pnenc~gy~v~`~v' ]cag# pakòe zn pavob ocn fncovcngng oko acpfaŔcıĔa avıcıv ko# Pakòe ]cagı zakıa zn `óĔóecnv ocnfovcokpn# Kvdgdcdlok ]cag# bne f~ ~gy~vcav bne `n|aeag ocn fovcokpn `óŔógócnvnk dv~ecageıŔpıv'

@óĔóecnv fncovcngovkng Ŕabıycavıg `~v~e~"zakıagıg envkn| koŔoyo ocn ochoco dcavak apıcag`óĔóecnv; úginko Ŕabıycava ngo kapıcag koŔocnvcn ochocodcavak fncovng `óĔóecnv/# dcacavıg k~v~c~Ŕ~# |aeagıgoŔcngoŔo "bac`ng# ea|o`ng zn oypokfac`ng jaàcagagcav/#pabcocog zn payzovog pakòeo "hncoŔpovoio# paeaecaıiı ngopakòe zn payzov ~gy~vcavıga faĔcı ava `óĔóecnv/ hofopnkgok ú|nccokcnvn `n òkkap nòcovyn bnv pabkonco nynvoèog dvologac fov hvajok dc~Ŕafocov'

Jokpoj _a}ıı dc~Ŕp~vag ~gy~vcavàg fovodcavak kaf~c nòcng Johóvapoj _a}ı# nynvog koŔocnvogoogincnng fúcóe`óv' F~ kdg~à `nvcnnfocòĔoeo|

kaàvıca fovpakıe avaŔpıvıiıgıg húvóŔcnvo Ŕúcnòv<V' Xnccnk zn A' Xavvng# N`nfoap Focoeogog

Pnenccnvo oyoeco nynv`n# dk~~i~ ocn ock kavŔıcaŔeayıvayıgà koŔocnvog# húvógóŔcnvo zn }yokdcdlocnvo ocnavıgpıcı bnyafa kapavak zn hngnccokcn fov }avahvajpaagcapıcavak pagıpıceacavıga ypapok "yafop/; poapvdàdc`~Ĕ~ hofo azaŔ azaŔ àzvagıŔcavı ocn agcapeaĔaògaeok "hncoŔng/ enpd` `nòkpng ydgva# vdeagà~h~cagafocovcoĔo pnviob



09

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

nòcenyo hnvnkng okogio enpd`~ Ŕúcn dv~ecav<&Vdeagà oyn f~ `nĔoŔokcok dc~Ŕ bacog`n húypnvocnfocov'_acıg "jcap/ kavakpnv avapea enpd`~ k~ccagıc`ıĔı |aeag"èdĔ~gc~kca yafop kavakpnvcnv `n f~ enpd`~gka}yaeıga hovnv/# kavakpnvog pnk fov ú|nccoĔo# dg~g

bakoe# zna ydyac fakıeàg ng hú|n èav}avı fov pavaj ı dcavak fncovpocov F~ fov kavokapóv zna o`naccnŔpovocenŔnkcog`n `n húvócnfocov'"'''/ Èdk úgcó kavakpnv "vd~g`/avapea enpd`~gà# ògaeok enpdppa dc`~Ĕ~ hofokavakpnvog ooin fncovpocenyo oèog nv zn |aeaga obpoaèzav`ıv' F~ enpdp# a|avıg húvóŔ aèıyıgıg úgneco fov~gy~v~g~ pnŔkoc n`nv zn ochoo ó|nvog`n pd}caeakoypnòĔo kavakpnvcnv oèog ncznvoŔcıòv&"1>/'

Jdvypnv(ıg húvóŔcnvo oyn Ŕúcnòv< &''' Vdeagı vdeag a}ag# agcappıĔı úkó`ng èdk koŔocnvog`óŔógincnvogo ncnen `úgóŔpóvenk oèog k~ccagıcagúgpneòv' Hógcók aŔaeà fúcn fov úgpne

dkp~v'"'''/ @ıŔ npkngcnvog ogyag aŔaeıgàko }aıgı z~vh~caag pavob# acıga|ıyı kazvaeıgıg fd~g`~v~Ĕ~acpıgà`ıv# dya vdeagà acıga|ıyı òn fov Ŕn yú|kdg~y~ `nĔocòv; bnv Ŕn ogyag avapıcıŔıgıg hnvènkcnvoóypógn k~v~c~v'

"…/&Pavobèogog húvnzo# dcagı a|eak; vdeagiıgıg

húvnzo avapeakpıv& "1:/'Jdvypnv(a húvn# vdeagàko koŔocnvo# hnvènk

baappako ogyagcavàg àba oo pagıvı|; èógkó hnvènkbaappa ogyagcavıg gn `óŔóg%`ókcnvo zna gn baacnppokcnvo pae dcavak focognen|; ydyac baapa akyn`ng

àzvagıŔcavıgà fov ydg~è pabeog nòcnfocyn focn paedcavak pnyfop nòcnen|' Dya yagapèı# vdeagàkoŔabyıg fópóg oè `ógayıgı fo|n aèafocov'

P~vac(ıg kaf~cógn húvn# fov pabkonco nynv`n#ineonpog fov }avèayı dcavak kavŔıeı|a èıkag# bavnknp~gy~vcavıgı ókcngng# kavŔıcıkcı kdg~Ŕeacavı znaedgdcdhcavı ba|ıvcaag# hncoŔpovng; ngpvok ~gy~vcavıg dcaèıiıyı èú|óióyó dcag; jokov# boy zn baac ~gy~vcavıgıgdvpaa kdg~ceayıga zayıpacık n`ng zavcıkcava johóvòdv~|' Johóvcnv# ogyag# bazag# fopko# nŔa# ea``n#yd~p `nĔnvcnv zy' dcafocovcnv'

Ľgyagı nyay acag johóvapoj a}ı# dgcavıgineonp oèog`n fov |óevno pneyoc nò} npenòkcnvognhúvn; jo|oko a}ıcavı ocn àzvagıŔ b~y~yonpcnvo ocn zn àbafovèdk zayıjcavıga húvn ncn acıgafocov' Fúcnindv~ecagag Ŕabıycavıg }yokdcdlok |nghogcokcnvognòkkap nòcnvnk oyoecngòvocenyo# ahıg kaf~ccnv`ngfovoòv' P~vac(ıg }cagıgà oyoecngòven Ŕ~ Ŕnkoc`na}ıceıŔpıv< Po}# kavakpnv zn Ŕabyonp'

Po}# ènŔopco ydyac hv~}# òcoe zn fovoecnv`ngynèoceoŔ fov ogyagıg àba èdk fov ú|nccoĔogofavo|cnŔpovnvnk zn pneyoc nòio gdkpaa

hnpovnvnk# úpnko b~y~yonpcnvogo fovogion húvnagcapeak ydg~gà nc`n nòcov' Fov pabkonco nynv`npo}cnv# fnycnoio johóvcnvòv; f~g~gca fnvafnv koŔocnvogoya`nin po}cnv`ng ynèng nynvcnv `n zav`ıv' Hngnc dcavak#po}cnvog èncoŔkocnvo òkkapn acıgeaeıŔpıv' Po}# fov knvn

húvógyn focn# akyodg~ óvópenn av`ıeiı dc~v'Kavakpnv# koŔogog fópóg úgcnvo ocn

dc~Ŕp~v~ce~Ŕ fn`ngç zn v~bç fov fópógcók av|n`nv;iogy# aŔ# enycnk# ocho# nĔopoe hofo aèıcavàg eóenyyocodc`~Ĕ~ hv~f~g# kacı}cavca ahıgcaŔag hngncú|nccokcnvogo bnv |aeag paŔıea|; `nvogcok# pnvn``óp#èncoŔko# oè e~baynfn hofo zayıjcavca Ŕnkoccngov;~avıiıcavı javkcı ú|nccokcnvcn achıcaafocov; fovokoecnvogoènŔopco yabacava pvagyjnv n`nfocov'

ŗabyonp oyn# kavakpnv dcea úcèóyógn~caŔpıkpag ydgva |ıpcıkcavıgı % dk n`nenenkcn fovcokpnfaypıveaa èacıŔag zn kngòyogo# oèog`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~

kócpóv `nĔnvcnvogog fovokoeocn yd~p zn yde~ppnkneeóc yóvniogn akcaŔpıveaa havnp n`ngkabvaeagcavıg oèog`ng èıkav' ŗabyonp kazvaeıgıgavageayı }cagàko dvologac pnkcojcnv`ng fovoòv'

Johóvcn ochoco dcavak# obpoaè boyynòcòkèn#Ŕabıycav# nynv`nko húvnz pakyoeo "aga kabvaeag#kabvaeag# johóvag/# iogyonp "ka`ıg# nvknk# èdi~k#obpoav# ú|óvcó/# aŔ hv~f~ "èdi~k# nvhng# hngè#npoŔkog# dvpa aŔcı# obpoav/# enycnkcnv# nĔopoe ynzonyo#en`ngo baco# za%pagàŔcık# nypnpok pnviob hofo ènŔopcoú|nccokcnvo ocn fovcokpn n nĔnvcngòvocnfocov"18/'

ŗ~~v AkıŔı "Focogè Akıeı/# eóŔabbay zna

eóinvvnp# oè `ógaàg zna `ı

Ŕ ènzvn`ng hncng pnyfopnòceoŔ zna nòcneneoŔ fov ~avıiı ocn ogyagıgjavkıgà dceaàg# bac`ng hnvon `dĔv~ ho`nvnk#aŔageıŔ |aeag oèog`n fúcók%}avèa fncovng zn agcıkhnèoŔcnvcn# `nzaecı fov faŔka Ŕnn akag bapıvcaeacavpóvóg`nko dc~Ŕcav Ŕnkcog`n fncovov "12/'

ŗ~~v AkıŔı ocn oè edgdcdh~g# hngnccokcnfovfovogn kavıŔeayı obpoeaco zav`ıv; bappa Fdxcogh(nhúvn oè edgdcdĔ~g à &ynyn `úkóceneoŔ edgdcdh& ocnaıv` nòcenyo hóèpóv' F~ kazvaecav zn vdeag oèog`nkonpkocnvo# bngó|# knyog èo|hocnv ocn fovfovcnvog`ngavıcaeaeıŔcav`ıv'

Pabcoc }cagıgıg \aeagca ochoco kıyeıgà#zakıagıg hnèpoĔo |aeag nyay dceak ó|nvn# kvdgdcdlokkd|eok zn }yokdcdlok |aeag ú|nccokcnvo `n`nĔnvcngòvoceoŔpov"c ?/'

Nynvog fayıcea |aeagı à FofcodhvajokKógn(`n znvocòĔog`ng faŔka# obpoaè boyynòcòkèn#\aeag ocn ochoco fúcóe`n ogincngnfocov' KopafıgàĔıpıe zn dk~gea |aeagı oyn N`nfoap Ydydcdloyogoochocngòvng avı fov avaŔpıvea kdg~y~`~v"6=/'

Dcacavıg hnèpoĔo nvcnv# HngoŔ Enkag "óckn#Ŕnbov# kayafa# eabaccn# ia``n# ydkak zf'/zn @av



00

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Enkag "nz# dk~c# fóvd# dpnc# dpdedfoc zf'/ a`ıcaavıgpı ka|agafocov' Enkagıg @nĔnvcngòvocenyo#faŔcıĔı acpıgà# payzov "fa|ag pabcoc/ ~gy~vcavı ocnfovcokpn# ènŔopco aèıcavàg dv~ecagavak a|avıghnvènĔoeyo enkagı fncovcngnfocov'

Kazvaecav# Kaf~ccnv# Pn|cnv# Pnyfopcnv#_dv~ecav fúcóeóg`n# àba èdk# nynvog jokvo aèıàgdv~ecageayı úgne ka|agıv' Vdeagcavca ochoco&enyncn&# &pn|&# &(jokov&# &enyal& hofo avaıŔcavı oja`nn`ng kazvaecavıg ıŔıĔı acpıgà# e~bpnzaa aop dcavakhúvócng úgneco b~y~ycav# f~ fúcóe`n fov avaahncenkpnòv' Nynvn# &gn bakkıgà agcapıdv4&# &goèogagcapıdv4& póvóg`n y~accnv ydv~cavak inza}cavıgavagaiaĔı acp faŔcık f~ fúcóe dcafocov' E~bpnza ocn ochocojokvo zn fnòo pnviobcnvog# úgin javkıga zavıceayıga#ydgva à a|avıg# Póvk jokov zn yagap baapıgàko nvo

òkkapn acıgavak dv~ecageayıga èafa yavjnòcòĔo agàn`nfo nynvog fov kócpóv ~gy~v~ dcavak `nĔnvcngòvocenj ıvyapı akacagıv'

HnvènĔoeyo a}ıı hncoŔpovng ~gy~vcavıg dc`~Ĕ~ ıccav# _aba Kneac úvgnĔog`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofooyafnpco kavavcav zn za|ojncngòvencnv# àba ydgvakoahıg a ıca òc zn óyc~} ogincnenyo Ŕnkcog`n

hncoŔpoĔo dvpaà`ıv' F~ }cagà òkkapo ènkng gakoc pav|ı ocn idgpnr ~gy~vcavıgıg fov avaà znvocenyo# avıia

agcapea zn húypnven pnkgokcnvogog ydg fúcóe`n`nĔnvcngòvocenyoòv' Eac|nenyo kncoencnv dcag n`nfo

nynvcnvog kncoen zn kncoen hv~}cavıgàg dca èıkıcavakèaĔvıŔıe aèıyıgàg dv~ecageayı à }cagıg dvlogacpavajcavıgàg fovo dcavak kaf~c nòcnfocov#

F~vaa kaàv yúcngngcnvo ydg~ècag`ıveaaèacıŔıvyak# jaà }vngyofo zn `nvy eac|nenyo aèıyıgàgpabkonco nynvcnvo `nĔnvcngòvenk ó|nvn pnkneeóc npeoŔ

fov pabcoc }cagıgıg dcaeaaiaĔı húvóŔógó pnkvavcaeak|av~vnpo ocn kavŔı kavŔıa kacıvı|' Pnkcoj nòcng pabcoc}cagcavı# ogincngnink nynvcnvog dvologac pavajcavı ocn paybob

nòcòkpng ydgva ~h~cagafocov' Èógkó bnv nynvn papfokn`nfocninĔoeo| fov }cag èıkaveak eóekóg `nĔocòv'

]aveak o|o hofo# yny pdg~ hofo dcaĔagóypó agcavı f~c~gafocng yagap nynvcnvogo ènŔopco }cagcavcayıgıvcag`ıveaeak hnvnkov; aea# enpd`c~ fov ogincnen

}cagıgı kıya za`n`n jaàa ènzovnfocenk# f~ dcànypnpoĔo javkn`nvnk ~caŔıcag ~j~kcavı fncovcnenk# n`nfoap

nĔopoeo oèog fov enif~vonppov'



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@Ľ]GDPCAV

1' Enbenp KA]CAG# Bokan Pabcoccnvo# @nvhab _a'# 1yp' 1?8?# y' 8%2' F~ enpd`~g ogincngenyog`n kavŔıcaŔıcag fa|ı enyncncnvo baccn`nfocenk aeaiıcakdg~~# Úg`nv HÚÈHÓG pavaj ıgàg Yncè~kÓgoznvyopnyo' Ydyac Focoecnv Ngypopóyó @dkpdva}vdhvaeıgà &Enpog Pabcoco& `nvycnvog`nko gdpcavàgèıkav ıĔıeı| nyaycav àbocog`n }nkoŔpovòk; avıia' ŗnvoj AKPAŗ' Vdeag Yagapı zn Vdeag Ľgincnenyogn HovoŔ#Fovcok _a'# Agk' 1?20# y' 100; Fochn NVIĽCAY^G#Ynvznp%o Jóg~g(à N`nfo Pngko`# K' F' _a'# Agk'1?21' y 0==# Fnvga EDVAG# N`nfoap K~vaecavı zn NcnŔpovo# Hne _a'' Ľyp' 1?21# y'6:c' kógnco nynvcnv`ng `noypoca`n nppok'

6' ŗókvó NCÈĽG' Back N`nfoapı AvaŔpıveacavı# K'F'#_a'# Agk' 1?88' y' O'

9' Fochn NVIĽCAY^G' a'h'n'# y# 8%90'0' Goa|o KAVAYAV# Focoeync AvaŔ%pıvea _úgpneo#

6'faykı

#Bainppn}n PaŔ Kop' Cp`' Y‗ Agk' 1?20# y' 106%1:0'>' Ya ık P^VAC# & N`nfoap Yabayıgıg ĽcoecnŔenyo&#\aeagıg Ncog`ng P~peak< N`nfoap Ga|avoapı#N`nfo Pngko` Úvgnkcnvo# Úpókng _a'' Ľyp 1?26# y' 12%0='

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Hnvènk Kazvaecavı Ó|nvogn Fov @ngnen&# PKAN#Ľfvaboe KajnydĔc~(ga AveaĔag(àg Avı Fayıe# Agk'Ógo' Fayıenzo' Agk' 1?2># y' 0:1%088'

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?' ŗnvoj AKPAŗ# a'h'n'# y'10'

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18' Jaàcag`ıĔıeı| kagakcavıg fovog`n "Úg`nv HÚÈHÓG#&ŗapıv|a`n ŗúbvnp Fn%ŗık&# Bóynog VabeoHóv}ıgav(ıg Vdeagcavı zn Vdeagcavıgà ŗabıycavKa`vdy~# Kócpóv zn P~vo|e F' _a'# Agk' 1?28' y' ?%1>/ŗık vdeagı ogincngovkng ya ıĔıeı| f~ ú|nccokcnvfncovpoceoŔ# avıia ŗúbvnp Fn(og pabkon`nko enkagcavahúvn `~v~e~ ogincngeoŔpov' Fo| f~ èacıŔeaàg hngoŔ úcèó`n jaàcag ık; f~g~g agıgà; Enbenp KA]CAG#Póvk N`nfoapı Ó|nvogn AvaŔpıveacav< 9# Po}Pabcoccnvo# @nvhab _a#Ľyp' 1?2># 6=0 y' ; Fovdc NEĽC#

VnŔap G~vo Hógpnkog(og Vdeagcavı

gà ŗabı

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12' ŗ~~v AkıŔı pnvoeo ocn ochoco dcavak fk|' ' N' Caxvngin FDXCOGH# &Focogè Akıeı PnkgoĔo Gnòv4& "Ènz' E~vapFNCHN/# _ngo @nvho# Focogè Akıeı Ú|nc yaıyı# g~' 2#Eaıy 1?:># y'1=%66; agı `nvho`n# Vdfnvp BÊ]BVN_#&Focogè Akıeıgà K~ccagıcag Avaècav&# "Ènz' AŔnOCOIACO/# y'69%68 ; Ldyn}b X' FNAIB# &Focogè Akıeı&#"Ènz' Húkèng Ú\NC/# y'>1%>2

; Xoccoae JA^CKGNV# Yny zn Újkn# "Ènz' VayobHÓVAG/# Vne|o Kop'# Ľyp' 1?:>' y'8%68 < Ógac A_PÓV#a'h#n'# y' 1=9%161'

1?' Abenp N' ^_YAC# &N`nfoap Aèıyıgàg @dĔ~ zn Fapı Eoypoyo|eog`n \aeag @óŔóginyo&# @PIJ @nvhoyo# i'RROO# g~' 1%6# Diak%Ba|ovag 1?:0# y'81%??; ŗnvoj AKPAŗ# a'h'n'# y' 1=9%16'

6= Vdfnvp NYIAV]OP# N`nfoap Ydydcdloyo# "Ènz' AcoPóvka _A\OIO/# Vne|o Kop'# Ľyp' 1?:2' y':9%108;G~vnppog ŗa|o KÚYNEĽBAC# &N`nfoap YdydcdloyognHovoŔ&# Ydydcdlo `nvhoyo# g~' 1?%6=# Ľyp' 1?::# y# 1%98 ;Ya ık Kneac P^VAC# a'h'n'# y' ?%12# 1:0%181'



0:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

NFN@Ľ_AŗA_AIAKEĽVAYCAV ",/

]vdj' @v' Vabeagk~c FNVFĽFA_ Ka|akoypag Focoe Aka`neoyo N`nfoap Ngypopóyó

,Ènz' Hóclagap K^VEAGHAC Ľ NZA Bocæc Dp~g AVYCAG

Fov backıg pavobogo# ka`nvogo zn hnèeoŔogopagıeak aèıyıgàg# gnyoc`ng gnyocn eovay kacagnjyagncnvog úgneo dc`~kèa fóókpóv' Ncfnppn njyagncnvpavob kopa}cavı kaàv knyog focho znven|cnv# dgcavàghnèeoŔpn aŔageıŔ dcacavıg |aeagıgı a zn ıc dcavak

pae úĔvngenk |dv`~v' F~ga vaĔeng njyagncnv# Ŕninvn znhnvènkcnvo kngògn ú|hó fov pav|ca agcapag èdk `nĔnvcofnchncnvòv' Njyagncnv# backıg fncco `nzovcnv# dcacav znpavobpn aŔaeıŔ fóók ogyagcav bakkıgà `óŔógincnvogozn `nĔnvcngòvencnvogo oènvov' Bnvbagho fov dca njyagnn`úgóŔpóĔóg`n# fncco fov úcèó`n afavpıcavakagcapıceayıgıg# yú|có n`nfoapıg po}ok ú|nccokcnvog`ngdc`~Ĕ~ focogov' Baac kapıceaàg# `njacaviapnkvavcageaàg zn backıg ochoyogn ea|bav dceaàghnvènk focn húchncngnfocov zn ydg~gà paeaeng~g~p~cafocov' F~gàg `dcaı# &baac hnvènĔog èozoyoòv&`ngeoŔpov'

Avıia# hnèeoŔo bakkıgà a|ıceıŔ fochocnvo}nk yakcageaeıŔ Ka|ak backı oèog# nyko `nzovcnvo àbaoo pagıeakpa njyagncnvog úgneo fóókpóv' Úgneco dcagà njyagncnvog nĔopoio zn úĔvnpoio dceayı aèıyıgàg`nĔnvogo agcaeak zn òkkapcoin ogincnenkpov' Hnvènkpng`n yú|có n`nfoap# ayıvcavia yakcageıŔ yıvcavıg hógıŔıĔıga èıkeayıga fóók kapkıà f~c~geakpa`ıv' Fov|aeagcav backıeı|ıg ogagè# úvj# a`np# aŔae pav|ı#baap zn pafoap agcaıŔcavıgıg gopncoĔogo# yú|có n`nfoapnynvcnvo# ú|nccokcn njyagncnv dvpaa kdafocodv' Bappayú|có n`nfoap nynvcnvo yanyog`n# backıg aŔa ıĔı

enkagcav# kavŔıcıkcı npkocnŔoe`n f~c~g`~kcavı óckncnv#`dypcav zn `óŔeagcavı bakkıgà `nĔnvco fochocnvn~caŔafocodv~|'

Ka|ak backı avayıgà èdk enŔb~v dcage~bpnŔne njyagncnvog fov kıyeı Kdvk~p oyeocnochocoòv' _aŔa`ıĔı `úgne`n backıgıg; fóók `nbayı#akıccı co`nvo# hncninĔo pabeog n`ng en`~e# Ŕaov#yagapèı zn Cdkeag bnkoeo yaıcag Kdvk~p(~g oyeo zna}pıkcavı fog yngn`ng ja|ca |aeagàg fnvo~g~p~ceaeıŔ# npkoyo a|aceaàg bnv ngo gnycnakpavıceakpa`ıv'

Pavobcn ~ĔvaŔag ocoe aàecavı# backıeı|ıgaŔa`ıkcavıgı oceo enpdpcavca# yoypneco dcavak avaŔpıv ık#ònen|cnv' F~g~g agıgà f~ ayıv oèog`n úcó}fopngcnvog focn ynfn}cnvogo zn ydg~ècavıgı ogincno}avaŔpıvea`ıĔıeı| dvpaà' FaŔcaghıiı 8 zn 2' ó|ıccava~|agag Kdvk~p njyagncnvo oyn# úgneco hnvènkcnvoenàga èıkavaiak fov aòhæv`ıv' ĽŔog fov faŔka oopavaj ı# f~ njyagncnv fov pnk Ka|akcav avayıgà `nĔoc# fovkúkpng hncòĔoeo| Póvkengcnv# A|nvocnv zn PóvkonPóvkcnvo avayıgà à úpn`ng fnvo èdk oo focogenkpnòv'F~ Póvk Backcavı(gıg bn}yo Kdvk~p Apa bakkıgàkobokancnvo# kngò ú| eovaycavı dcavak kaf~c nò}# f~g~gcaà bnv |aeag h~v~v `~~dvcav

'



08

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@nenk ko# Kdvk~p njyagncnvogo Póvk Backcavı(gıgayıvcav fd~gia eagnzo ocoŔkocnvogo yaĔcaag dvpak fovba|ogn dcavak nĔnvcngòvnfocovo|'

Ka|akcav(ıg njyagncnvogo yúcnòkcnvo# èdk`nĔnv znvòkcnvo Kdvk~p Apa ocn DĔ~|cav(ıg &@n`n

Kdvk~p Kopafı& òn oyoecngòvòkcnvo `nypagıg kúkóagı`ıv' Jakap f~gcavıg kagak gdkpayı fakıeıgàgŔó}bn húpóven| fng|nvcokcnvo# dcacavıg hncoŔenyo yú|kdg~y~ dc`~Ĕ~gà `nzae npenenkpnòv' Kdvk~p(pagfabynòcovkng f~ gdkpacava à `nĔogocenyo hnvnkov'

Kdvk~p(~g `dĔ~e~gàg faŔcaavak úcóeógnkaàv faŔıgàg hnèng dcacavıg bokanyogog ock ŔnkcoKa|akcavia àba èdk kdv~ge~Ŕp~v' Kdvk~p(~g Ka|akgóybacavı# kngògn ú|hó foèoeo aèıyıgàg `ógaà a|vaypcagag fov dch~`~v' Kdvk~p(~g `ógaa gayıchncòĔogog payzovo oèog# nŔyo| fov baac hóiógóg óvógódc`~Ĕ~ yúcngnfocov' Njyagnn húvn Kdvk~p(~g fafayı#

DĔ~|(~g Faap fd~gàg`ıv# aggnyo oyn Kı}èak kı|ı`ıv'F~# fov |aeagcav Kı}èakcav(ca DĔ~|cav(ıg Yıv`nva"Ynb~g/# Kavapa~ fúchncnvog`n kdeŔ~ aŔa ıkcavıgıg znocoŔko oèog`n f~c~g`~kcavıgı fov `ncocoòv' \aeagıgàavı fov Ŕúbvnp yabofo dcag Kdvk~p(~# ogyagcav &avı foviag$ú|hn Ŕn lag& dcavak `nĔnvcngòveoŔcnv# úcnúzeóŔcnvòv' Aggnyo Kdvk~p(~ kavgıgà óè yngnpaŔıeıŔ# `dĔ~v~vkng `dk~| hóg yagiı ènkeoŔ# d |aeag`ógaı óè hóg óè hnin kavagcık fayeıŔ# kava aĔe~v#Ŕo``npco j ıvpıga dce~Ŕ# `óga ogyagcavıg fovfovogohúvnenòĔo kdvk~gè fov bacn hnceoŔ' Kdvk~p(~g`dĔ`~Ĕ~ nv# Yıv ocn Kavapa~ avayıgàko Kavaayeag a`cı

fov nveoŔ' Kdvk~gè fov `~v~eà `dĔ`~Ĕ~ oèog èdi~ĔaKdvk~p oyeogo znveoŔcnv' Kdvk~p `ógaa kdg~ŔavakhnceoŔ''' F~ `~v~e back avayıgà njyagn hofoyúcngeoŔ# Ŕoov dcavak aıceıŔ' F~ Ŕoovcnvog fovog`n;

Qdvkop p~xhag kn|og`n $Kdvk~p d Ĕ ~ Ĕ ~ |aeag#Qavaay}agò y~x acĔag $Kavaay}ag ( ı y~ fayeı Ŕ #Qava lnvò q~e acĔag $Kava nvo k~e fayeı Ŕ # Dc p~xavà nc qdvqo} $D `d Ĕ avkng kdvkag back# P~xĔaggag ydg q~zagĔag $D `d Ĕ ~kpag ydgva

ynzogeo Ŕ'''yapıvcavıgı húvódv~|'

ĽŔpn fúcn aiao} fov `~v~eà `dĔagKdvk~p(~g fóó`ókpng ydgva a}pıĔı oŔcnv `nkoeyngogkogn fng|nenng javkcı oŔcnvòv' _oveoaŔıga hovòĔog`n# vóayıgà fovo dga kıvk aŔıgàgja|ca aŔaeaaiakyıg `neoŔ' ĽŔpn f~ dcaàg ydgva#Kdvk~p `ógagıg jagocoĔogo `óŔógó}# úcóeyó|cóĔógdccavıgı avaeaa faŔcaeıŔ# `nznyogn fogo} `ógagıg bnvpavaj ıgı hn|eoŔ' Kdvk~p# bnv hoppoĔo nv`n ka|ıceıŔ foven|av húvóv# f~ koeog en|avı òn ydv`~Ĕ~gà

Kdvk~p(~g en|avı inzafıgı acıv' Ydg~gà `dĔ`~Ĕ~nvn# Yıv`nva fd~ga `úgnv# èae aĔaiıgàg fovkd}~| a}ı}# &úcen| úeóv&ó fnypncno}# èaceıŔpıv'Ka|akcav(à (kó apayı Kdvk~p(p~v( yú|ó fúcnin dvpaaèıkeıŔpıv' Ľgyagcav# Kdvk~p(~g faŔka fov èdk

kafoconpcnvo avayıgà# dg~g kd}~| a}ı}# fnypn a}pıĔı#eoccnpog ó|ógpóyógó zn baaccnvogo ya| òcocn nfnòaŔappıĔı oèog avı fov `nĔnv znveoŔpov' Kdvk~p# Yıv`nvay~~ga bacı ynvo}# kó èac`ıĔı |aeag dg~ `ógaàko póeiagcıcav okkapcn zn fóók |nzkcn ogcnpeoŔ'

ĽgyagdĔc~g~g úevógó gayıc ~|apafocninĔogof~ceak oèog úcóeyó| fov nv avaıŔıca `ógaı hn|ngKdvk~p(~g f~ nŔyo| bavnknpo# ayıvcavia ogyagcavpavaj ıgàg ~g~p~ceaeıŔ# nzcoa `nvninyognókyncpocenyogn# fópóg Ŕaov# yagapèı# fnypnio znkaecavıg ~c~ e~accoeo yaıceayıga ynfn} dce~Ŕp~v'

Avaàg f~ kaàv |aeag hnèeoŔ dceayıga

vaĔeng (Kdvk~p(~g kóó "fnypnyo/( `ngocng nynvcnvog~g~p~ceaàg# f~hógn kaàv kdv~geayı bavagdc~gaiak fov `~v~e`~v' Kdvk~p(ca ochoco njyagncnvoogincno} avaŔpıvag Ka|ak æcoeo# aka`neoyng AcknEavĔ~cag# f~ nyko eovayıg f~ kaàv aŔaafoceoŔ dceayıgı oceç Ŕnkoc`n aèıkcaavak# Kdvk~p eovayıgıgkdv~~i~cavıgı fnŔ hv~fa aıveıŔpıv; faykı yagapèıcav# kd}~|i~ fnypniocnv# `óŔógóv Ŕavkıiıcavyagapèıcav#agıgà`dĔaècaea Ŕoov yúcnng d|agcav zn Ŕninvniocnv'

Nyko`ng kd}~|i~ Ŕaovcnvog bn}yo ogyagcavıgúgóg`n Ŕoov dk~`~kcavı |aeag# faŔcaghıiıg Kdvk~p(~gŔoovcnvocn a}ıceayı fov hncngnĔn `úgóŔeóŔpóv'

Qavahaòg pófogng $Èae a Ĕ aiıgıg kúkóg`ng# Qavı} acĔag qdfo|oe $_dgp~} a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e#Ónkkogog pófogng $Kazakcav ıg kúkóg`ng# Óovo} acĔag qdfo|oe $N Ĕ o} a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e# Lnceaagıg pnvoyog $@nzngog `nvoyog`ng# ŗagaq qocĔag qdfo|oe $Èaga Ĕ ıgı a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~eFnŔpo aĔıv`ıg q~vıhıg $Fn Ŕco ahıv ıg k~v~ Ĕ ~gàg#ĽŔnk qocĔag qdfı|ıe''' $Pncogo a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e'''

hofo yapıvcav yóvnkco dcavak pnkvavcageıŔpıv' F~ Ŕoovcnv(pdchaz( póvógn úvgnk yaıcafocov' Ydg |aeagcavànpgdhvaj D' Bae~còg# Kdvk~p(~g fa|ı eıyvacavıgı

f~c~}# f~gcavı úginkocnvn nkcnò;

$@a Ĕ knèoyogog fdg~|~g~# $N Ŕok a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e#

$Ak nzngog yópócn# $Y ıza|ca` ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e#

$Y ıvv ıg aèı }# ynyogo# $@ngnò Ĕ oe kd}~|~e#

$@a Ĕ ıg |ovznyog`ng ıv Ĕ a acı }#

Paxpnkngog eóo|ogPonk qocĔag qdfo|oeAq póngog yópognYıca} acĔag qdfo|oeYıvıg`ı aŔı} pogogòYıga} acĔag qdfo|oeAq ıvĔaıg qıaggıg



02

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

K~cak a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e# $@a Ĕ knèoyogo nvoyogo#

$\ ıvb a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e# $Iobagı hn|nvkng#

$@dyp~e dcag kd}~|~e#

$Aiıkp ı Ĕ ıe |aeag# $A|ık a}p ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e# $Pókngò Ĕ og`n èavne# $ú Ĕ óp znvng kd}~|~e# $\aeagcav ı fnypn hofo#

KóĔı} pavpĔag qdfı|ıe $Yng`n èac ı Ĕ ıe kd}~|~e#YavıcĔaggıg yagayıg $Èavnyo| dc`~ Ĕ ~e |aeagıeà#Yıv Ĕı} pavpĔag qdfı|ıe''' $Èavnyo|co Ĕ oeo }aca Ŕag

kd}~|~e''' F~ yapıvcav# Kdvk~p(~g fnypniocoĔogog agıgà

Ŕaov zn yagapèı dc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvodv dcya hnvnk' PafooŔoovog yú|cnvogog avaàg hnèng dgia ayıvàg ydgva`nĔoŔeneoŔ dceayı `óŔógócnen|' Nynvcnvog ockgóybacavıgıg `nĔoŔoen ~Ĕvaeayı# fa|ı nvcnvogog~g~p~c~}# fa|ı nvcnvogog oyn ngocngo} nkcngenyo# yú|cón`nfoap eovaycavıgıg dvpak ka`nvoòv' F~ga vaĔengKdvk~p(~g yú|cnvogog v~b~g~g zn enyalcavıgıgkdv~ge~Ŕ dceayı# òkkapn `nĔnv zn bdŔ fov dca`ıv'_~kavıàko yapıvcavıg Kdvk~p(a aop dc`~Ĕ~g~# dgàgydgvako fakyı kd}~|i~cavıg f~ yú|cnvo `nĔnvco húvó}# `nĔoŔpoven`ng pnkvavcaeacavıgàg agcaafocovo|' ÓypncokKa|akcavıg Yı}ıva# Ayag# Ka|p~hag# ŗachn| zn F~bav hofo~c~ `nypagiıcavıg bn}yo# Kdvk~p hncngnĔogo `nzae nppovng

yagapèıcavàg`ıv'Back avayıgà Kdvk~p(a aop dc`~Ĕ~ yúcngng

fnypncnvog ya`nin eó|oĔo `nĔoc# pavobo zn agcaeı àfocogenkpnòv' F~g~g ynfnfo oyn# kd}~|i~cavıgbn}yogog dvpak hncngnĔn faĔcıcıkcavı`ıv' Kd}~|i~g~g fovfnypno èaceaàg úgin# fnypngog bokanyogo agcapeayı nyko`ng fnvo `nzae n`ng fov hncngnkpov' Bappayagapèıcavıg fnypncnvo èaceaàg úgin kngòyogog focòĔoŔoov zn `nypagcavı yaavak# ògcnoiocnvn dgcavıg oèog`ngynèen Ŕagyıgı znven hncngnĔogog `n Kdvk~p(pag kaceıŔ dcafocninĔo pabeog nòcenkpnòv'

Kdvk~p fnypncnvogog fov èdĔ~g~g kngòoyoecnvocn fo|oe `nzvoeo|n kaàv hncenyogog#backıgıg# ~c~ a`ıga `~`~Ĕ~ ydgy~| yahıca ochocodc`~Ĕ~g~ `óŔógódv~|' _ó|ıccav fd~gia# backıgıgKdvk~p en|avıgı kafnpen`ng dg~g ó|nvogn póvfna}ı}# dga ochocn fakeayıgıg ynfnfo `n# dg~ npvaj ıgàhúvengog# dga nzcoa `nĔnvo znvenyogog fov oja`nyoòv'@nenk ko# Kdvk~p(ca ochoco njyagn# Ŕoov zna fakyıcıkkócpóvógóg zn backıg ka`nvogo npkocnnink agcaecı yú|cnvog `nĔoŔpovocen`ng# dvlogac Ŕnkcocn dc`~Ĕ~ hofoaıceayıga k~pyac fov hncngnk hofo òkkap nòceoŔpov'Kdvk~p(~g &Avıypag Faf&# &Lnceaagıg lncoyo&#

&Pdckıg&# &Akk~g&# &PavĔıc Paga&# &^Ŕav`ıg ~cpva&#&FaŔ}a& hofo fnypncnvogog dı logaccoĔogog kdv~geayıgı f~g~gca aèıkcıdv~|'

Ka|akoypag pd}vakcavıgà# Kdvk~p a`ı znvocngnv zn y~ oyoecnvo a| `nĔocòv' Kı|ıc Dvà zocanpogog

KaveakŔı eıgpıkayıgà `neov dc~ fd~gàkooypaydg~g oyeo Kdvk~p(p~v' Yıv`nva(gıg "Ynb~g/ f~oypaydga akıg kııyıgà nyko`ng Kdvk~p(~g en|avı zav`ı' Eaacnynj gnbvog y~~ paŔı}# npvaj ıgı pabvo} nppoĔo|aeag Kdvk~p(~g en|avı à y~cav acpıgà kaceıŔpıv'ŗoeò `n gnbvog y~~ Avac Húcógn ~caŔeaàgk~ccagıc`ıĔı oèog húc k~v~ea pnbcoknyo ocn kavŔı kavŔıa'Dvpa Aya backcavıgıg# Ka|akcavıg# Ú|fnkcnvog znKavakac}akcavıg dvpak h~v~v~ dcag |azaccı Yıv`nva(ı y~y~| fıvakag# `ógagıg avapıcıŔıgàg fnvo zav dcagAvac(ı y~yapı} èúcn `úgóŔpóvng pdpacopnv Ydznpúgnpoeogn kavŔı back pn}koyogog dc~Ŕeayıgà Kdvk~pNzcoa(gıg à npkoyo dcya hnvnk' F~hóg `n Kı|ıcdvàzocanpo backıgıg# nyko en|avıgıg nvogn# Kdvk~p(aaàavak agıp póvfn a}pıv`ıĔıgı à fncovpenk ca|ıe'Ka|akcavıg faŔıga ago`ng hncng fnca gn kaàv fóók dcyaà# backıg a|o| nzcoayıga kavŔı fóók ynzhoyogo`nĔoŔpovneneoŔpov' Kdvk~p(~g ogyagdĔc~ oèog a}pıĔı kabvaeagcıkcavı zn yaıyı| oocokcnvo ogyagcavıg~g~peayıga oekag dk'

Kdvk~p oyeogog ~g~p~ceaeayıgı yaĔcaagynfn}cnvog fa|ıcavıgı ~kavıà òcn hnpovòk' F~ avaàfa|ı Ŕaovcnvog Kdvk~p(a aàavak a|`ıkcavı

nynvcnvog`ng `n fabynpeneo| hnvnkodv' EnŔb~vEaĔiag I~eafa~cı(gıg &Kdvk~p&# &Kdcıfa(`ıgkdfı|ı& oyoeco `nypagcavı à f~gcavàg`ıv' EaĔiagI~eafa~cı# v~b~ yıkıc`ıĔıgà Kdvk~p(~g v~b~g~gav`ıe nppoĔogo zn backa bo|enp npeno Kdvk~p(pagúĔvngòĔogo Ŕúcn oja`n nòdv<

Baappa faŔka oypnĔoe dk Kdvk~p(a nvyneKdvk~p hofo iagıeı hú|aŔıca ıkaı}_aŔ `úkó} znjayı| baappa aĔcaavakKd}~|~e~ k~iakcaı} en|ava hovyne'''Kdvk~p bakkıgà bokancnv zn Ŕoovcnvog fov

faŔka úgneco pavaj ı à Ka|ak kabvaeagcavı bakkıgàko`nypagcavıg dc~Ŕp~Ĕ~ `nzovcnv bakkıgà fochocnvznvenyoòv' Póvkon zn A|nvfaiag Póvkcnvogog &@n`nKdvk~p& kopafıgıg óèógió kıyeı ocn &Ac}aeıy Fapıv&`nypagıgàko dcacav à kabvaeag oyoecnvo `n fovfovognfng|odv' Ka|ak `nypagıgàko Ac}aeıy(ca DĔ~|`nypagıgàko Faeyı# HócfavŔıg ocn Fag~ Èoènk#Fafúvo(gog Fúvófnk dcavak a`cag`ıvıceayı# f~gcavıgkúkógóg agı dc`~Ĕ~ga àov Ŕó}bn fıvakeıdv'Aka`neoyng Ackn EavĔ~cag# &Ac}aeıy Fapıv―`nypagıgà agcapıcag njyagn zn bokancnvog# DĔ~|cavca

Kı}èakcavıg Yıv`nva fd~gà

Q~oaq qıcĔag qdfı|ıeÚvpnkngog pnvoyogYaxop qıcĔag qdfı|ıeLabag kn|o} l~vhng`nYnvok qıcĔag qdfı|ıe

Ú|nk pacĔag kn|oe`nPacŔıq qıcĔag qdfı|ıePaxyıchagà aeacoeAqıc fnvhng qdfo|oe\aeagagıg ya ıeıg



0?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

kdeŔ~ dcavak aŔa`ıkcavı `nzov`n hnèpoĔoagcaŔıceıŔpıv' F~# `nypagıg avapıcıŔ pavobogog fogyngn`ng úginn ~caŔpıĔıgı húypnvodv' Hncninkpn–Ac}aeıy Fapıv& `nypagıgıg avapıcıŔ pavobogo avaŔpıvı}#dg~ agaiak oekag dc~vya# y~gaiaĔıeı| hózngco

fnchncnv èdkp~v&# odv'FaŔ kabvaeagcavı dvpak dcag Ka|ak njyagncnvo

ocn Póvk# A|nvo# Póvkeng `nypagcavı# f~ backcavıg kav`nŔ dc`~Ĕ~g~g zn yóvnkco ocoŔko oèog`n f~c~g`~kcavıgıghúypnvhnyoòv' Avıia# òco hncngnk zn húvngnkcnvo akıgbackcavıg bn}yogog dvpak# kıenpco nynvcnvoòv' Backn`nfoapèıyı B'KúvdĔc~# &@n`n Kdvk~p Kopafı&gıg fa|ı fúcóecnvog`nko dcacavıg# DĔ~|cavıg Yıv fd~gàaŔa`ıkcavı |aeagıg bokanyogo agcappıĔıgı `óŔógeóŔpóv'DĔ~| `nypagıgıg kabvaeagcavı# Faıg`ıv# KavaŔık(ıgoyoecnvo Kavapaz pavajcavıgà baca k~ccagıcag nvoyoecnvoòv' Ľchogè fov `~v~e à Ka|ak zn DĔ~|

`nypagcavıgıg a}ıyı zn dcacavıg hncoŔoeogogfng|nenyoòv' Hngnc dcavak Póvk nypagcavıgà aŔcageıŔ aggn%fafagıg "kavı kdiagıg/ èdi~kcavıg dceaeayı#hncninkpnko kabvaeagıg `dĔ~Ŕ~gàko aiao}cokcnv#nvkng fóóenyo# kabvaeagcıkca nzcngenyo zn `óŔeagı ngo} ydg~gà backıg e~va`ıgı nvogn hnpovenyoKa|akcavıg à# Dyeagcı Póvkcnvogog `n `nypagcavıgà#back n`nfoapcavıgà yıkèa kavŔıcaŔıcag zn yóvnkcopnkvavcagag dcacav`ıv' Pavobo `nzovcnv`n ènŔopcoynfn}cnvcn Póvk backcavı fovfovcnvog`ng ~|akcaŔeıŔ dcyacav a# yú|có n`nfoap eovayıgıg d nyko akıgcıĔıgıgkdv~g`~Ĕ~ga f~ kaàv oo úvgnk f~caeaı|' @nenk ko#

Kdvk~p oyeo# fópóg Póvk backcavı

gı

g eagnzo fovcoĔogoyaĔcaag# dgcavıg hnèeoŔpn agı nvcnvo zn ka`nvo}acaŔpıĔıgı# aeaècavıgıg agı dc`~Ĕ~g~ bapıvcapag znfo|oe focenòĔoeo| èdk yıvcav yakcaag fov dch~`~v'_ago# fópóg Kı}èak backcavı `nypagcavıgıg úgnecodcacavıgıg# &@n`n Kdvk~p Kopafı―ca `nvog faĔcagpıcı dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo|'

ŗoeò `n ~|akcık ó|óg`ng zn ayıvcaviaocoŔkocnvog kd}eayı ynfnfocn Ka|ak zn Póvk òccnvoavayıgà fóók javkcav dc~Ŕe~Ŕp~v' Nyko `nzovcnv`n Ľyn#òccnvoeo|og fovfovogn àba akıg dc`~Ĕ~g~ @n`n Kdvk~pkopafı kagıpcaeakpa`ıv' F~ `nypagà# Ŕoeòko DĔ~|òccnvog`n dceaag# aea Kı}èak òccnvog`n k~ccagıcagkncoencnv f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~# òccnvog ~|akcaŔeayı znakıgcaŔeayıgıg avaŔpıvıceayıgà ochogè fov úvgnkdcafocov'

\aeagıgıg àbo nzcoayı# fópóg backıg `nĔnvznvòĔo akıc bdiayı Kdvk~p(~g `dĔ~} fóó`óĔó `nzovbokancnvogog fov pnk Ka|akcav avayıgà kdv~gafoceoŔ dceayı òkkap ènkoio fov gdkpa`ıv' Kajkaya ocn KóèókAya(a húè n`ng DĔ~|cavà# Kdvk~p(~g fova|

aŔcagı}# backa fochnin èú|óecnv f~c`~Ĕ~ `nzovfocogenkpnòv' F~ b~y~y# Kdvk~p @nypagı(gıg ockkagakcavıgıg Yıv @nva# Kavapaz Fúchncnvog`ndc~Ŕ~}# `nzaeıgıg oyn DĔ~|cavıg ngo nvcnŔpokcnvonvcnv`n paeaecag`ıĔıgı húypnvenkpnòv' Ka|akcav

avayıgà Kdvk~p bakkıgàko njyagn zn `nypagcavı fovavaa hnpovo}# fúcncokcn fov |aeagcav fópóg dcag`nypagıg kafdcag kıyıecavıgı nvogn kdeak#avaŔpıveaiıcavıg úgneco fov húvnzoòv' Avıia &Kdvk~pApa&gıg fópóg Póvk backcavıgàko góybacavıgı aıgcaeak# dgcavıg oè faĔcagpıcavıgı ogincnenk# fóókzn |dv fov oceo èacıŔea dcaiakpıv' Yd~ fov# kav`nŔ Póvk backcavıgıg àagıŔeayıgıg hncoŔo}# kd}e~Ŕ ocoŔkocnvog pnkvav k~v~c`~Ĕ~ f~ `úgne`n# bn}oeo|ogdvpak fóók eovayıga hnvnkng `nĔnvo znvengog bneocoe aèıyıgàg bne `n dvpak `nĔnvcnv aèıyıgàg fóókúgneo dc`~Ĕ~ Ŕó}bnyo|òv'

&@n`n Kdvk~p Kopafı&gà kavŔıcaŔıcag&Kdvk~p yúcneoŔ& `ngocng `noecnvog èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~g~g#f~hógn kaàv Ka|akcav avayıgà apayú|ó dcavakaŔaeıŔ dceayı# kav`nŔcok `~h~cavıgıg kafdceaeıŔ o|cnvo hofoòv' (Pavob ~g~pya à back ~g~pea|( yú|ógógagcaeı f~`~v' F~g~g hofo fng|nvcokcnv# ya`nin kdeŔ~dcavak aŔa ıkcavı `nzvn aop `nĔoc# DĔ~| zn Kı}èakbackcavıgıg# dgcavıg oèog`n Ka|akcavıg agı kúk zn agı ydàg póvnenyog`ng kagakcag`ıĔıgıg knyogkagıpcavı`ıv' Jokvoeo|o kagıpcaeak oèog úvgnkcnv znvncoe#&yúgng agea|# úcng òvocen|&# &nyko `óŔeag backdcea|# nyko }ae~k o} dcea|&# &kı| agaàg húvenogin

úvgnk acea|# dĔ~c fafaàg húvenogin úĔóp acea|&#&kngòg`ng dceaıgia kngòg`ng `dĔeaag nzcapdcea|&# &k~cag k~~a `óŔnvyn# k~vfaĔa k~caĔıgàdgav&# &kngògo fnĔngeoŔo Pagvıe à ynzen|&# &kavanŔnĔog faŔıga ò|hog pakyag à p~c}av dcea|&# &`nzcnpcodĔcag diaĔıgıg kagaĔı dc~v# `nzcnpyo| dĔcag apayıgıgen|avı dc~v&# &nvog ng hó|nc fopkoyogo hnok focov&#&hnin knvzagıg hnèpoĔogo ynvèn focov&# &gnv`n y~c~ nvdc`~Ĕ~g~ bazag focov&# &yaècavı aĔaveıŔ fafa# akyópógn `d~v`~ya# èdi~k ne|ovng aga# `nĔnvcokav`nŔog hó|ncòv; fóók nzog agıga k~v~cag èa`ıvhó|ncòv& hofo apayú| zn `noecnvog agı kúkpnghncòĔo Ŕó}bnyo|òv'

Kdvk~p bakkıgàko njyagn zn Ŕoovcnvogagcaeıgı ogincno} úgneogo kazvaeagıg ~g~p~ce~Ŕ eagnzo |nghogcokcnvo pnkvav òvocpninĔo Ŕó}bnyo|òv'^|~g ıccav fd~# kócpóvnc eovaycavı avaŔpıveagıgnghnccngenyo# pavobo úĔvngenn èacıŔagcavıg&eocconpèo&# &agpo%kdeógoyp& òn yóvhógnhúg`nvocenyo# in|acæg`ıgceayı backı a}paccaŔpıveagıgdccavı ı' Ka|ak# Póvkeng ocoe aàecavı# npeoŔ ıcoèog`n Kdvk~p bakkıgà avaŔpıvea zn a|eak fov



>=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

aga# oyeogo yúcnenkpng focn ènkogòcnv' F~g~gydg~i~gà Kdvk~p bakkıgà nyko yú|cnvog a|ıceayıgaoekag f~c~gaea`ı' ^c~ Apa bakkıgà bnvknyogfocenòĔo njyagncnvo focng ogyagcavàg acpıg hofo `nĔnvcofov eovayı pny}op n`neneneo| hnvènkpng èdk ó|óió'

Ydg ıccavà Kdvk~p(~g fnypncnvogo avaea# pny}op

npen zn pagıpea oŔcnvo iagcageıŔpıv' Ógcó focoe aàeı#Póvkdcdh A~ncfnk Kdg~vapfanz# @n`n Kdvk~p Kopafı (gıg Póvkèn góybayıgı Ka|akèaa ènzoveoŔpov' Kdvk~poyeogn `~~cag fóók yahıgıg fov oja`nyo `n# dg~goyeogog Kı|ıc Dvà ]n`nhdlo Ngypopóyó(gn znvocenyoòv'F~gcavıg bn}yo Ka|akoypag(à Kdvk~p(~ pagıeabavnknpogog àba à iagcag`ıĔıgı húypnvenkpnòv'Hngnc dcavak# fópóg Póvk backcavıgıg n`nfoapı# kócpóvzn yagapıgàko dvpak úgcnvogo àba oo pagıpeak znaeak# hngè gnycog pavobo# hnèeoŔo oo focenyo#kafdce~Ŕ àagıŔeaı hncoŔpovo}# k~zznpcngòvenyoaèıyıgàg úgneco èú|óecnv dcafocov'

F~ gdkpaà Ka|akcav avayıgà &KúvdĔc~&nynvogog gn kaàv pagıgeıŔ zn ynzoceoŔ dc`~Ĕ~ àòkkap ènkoio fov gdkpa`ıv' Backcavıg èdĔ~gà KúvdĔc~nyko`ng `n yúcngovò' Jakap dgcavıg oèog`n f~ nynvn ú|ncfov yahı húypnvng back Ka|akcav`ıv `nvynk agıceıŔ dceaı|' F~hógn kaàv Yıv fd~gà# Kava

Kac}akoypag(à &KúvdĔc~&g~ ya`nin kngògn ú|hóeakaeıca yúcnng yagapèıcavıg dceayı `nypagıg backba|ognyo bacogn hncòĔogo húypnvenkpnòv'''

Ka|ak backı# fópóg zavagp góybacavı ocnfovcokpn `úvp ó|`ng ja|ca `nypag avapeıŔpıv' Dgcavıg ngynèkogcnvo# `ógagıg ngpnccnkpónc fovokoeogn kapkıàf~c~gaiak ú|nccokpn ba|ogneo|òv' F~gcavıg ng nyko#aea boè nykoennink dcagıgıg Kdvk~p Apa bakkıgàko njyagncnv dc`~Ĕ~g~ h~v~vca yúcnenkpno|' Kdvk~p(~gfogcnvin ıc aŔaeıŔ ofvnp zn úĔópcnvo# hncninkpn `n goingnyoccnvn avavcı dcaiak eagnzo aòhav dcavakkacaiakpıv'



>1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

ACPA_ PÓVKCNVĽG@NÈDI^ė^G @DėEAYO ZN@DėÊ HÓGÓ

K^PCAEACAVOGA @AĽV FA\OĽGAGOŗCAV

Ľfvaboe @ĽCNK

Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo Jng%N`nfoap Jakócpnyo Av Ŕ'Húv'

Acpa Póvkcnvogog ogagıŔıga húvn pafoappako fovèdk zavcıĔıg "apnŔ# y~# aĔaè# àĔ#'''/ &nn&"on/ `ngocngzn jo|oko dcavak ogyag# ~e~eonpcn `n ka`ıg Ŕnkcog`npayazz~v nòcng fov yabofo zna kdv~~i~ v~b~ zav`ıv'ŗaeagoyp ogagia yabo} dcag Acpa Póvkcnvogog f~

ogagıŔıgıg o|cnvogo Aga`dc~(à à húvenk eóekóg`óv'Enynca Pdvdycavà aŔaag Póvkengcnv oèog &y~cavıg znàĔcavıg yabo}cnvo àoea fov aga`ıv' \aeagpı Èaı(gıgyavı yaècı# húk hú|có kı|ı à f~ enagà`ıv' Yngn`n fovhóg `ncokagcı k~vfag oypnng f~ kı|# èaıg bakoko yabofoago agayı`ıv "1/'

Acpa Póvkcnvo pavaj ıgàg zavcıĔıga ogagıcag&nn&cnv`ng ng óypóg dcagcavıgàg fov pagnyo &apnŔ nn|o&òv' D fópóg nncnv`ng àba avı dc~} dp~| zna kıvkfaŔcı# acpıg hooeco# }avcak ó|có fov kı| dcavak`óŔógócóv' Acpa Póvkcnvo dga &dp%dgn& zna &kıy%ngn&a`ıgı znvovcnv' &Dp nn|ogog& aocngog fov }avèayı dc`~Ĕ~ga

ogagıvcav' F~ ynfn}cn hnin nzn apnŔ oypnenn hncng koŔonapnŔ znvocen| "6/#Èdi~kcavıg zn ka`ıgcavıg kdv~~i~ pagvıyı oyn

êa(`ıv' D ak yavı yaècı# ak yavı yoeacı zn ak hooecofov kı| dcavak payazz~v nòcov' êa ka`ıgcava èdi~k`dĔ~v~vkng av`ıe n`nv' Èdi~k `dĔ`~kpag ydgva oyndg~ kúpó v~bcavàg kdv~v' êa(ıg AcpaPóvkènyo‟g`nko òĔnv a`cavı oyn Ŕ~gcav`ıv< &Ea%ngn#]aaga# Fa%ngn&"9/# êa(a znvocng f~ a`cav dg~gagaècıĔıgı zn k~pyaccıĔıgı oja`n nòcnink pav|àynèoceoŔpov'

Acpacıcavà fov ka`ıgıg `dĔ~e yaapo

akcaŔı

gia èa`ı

vı

g pae dvpayı

gà apnŔ akı

cag nvn fovòvnk nvcnŔpovocnvnk dga fov ~vhag faĔcavcav' F~~vhagıg fov ~i~ `~zava faĔcagı} cdb~yagıg kdcp~kcavı acpıgàg hnèovocov' Ka`ıg èdk ı|`ıva} ènkenn faŔcavyaacfaypı ab~p ackavıyı `ngocng kúpó v~b~g cdb~yaae~yaccap dc`~Ĕ~ga bóken`nvcnv"0/' Ackavayı znaacfaypıa àov Aga`dc~(à à e~bpncoj ogagècavenzi~pp~v'

Acpa Póvkcnvog`n ka`ıg `dĔ~vaiaĔı |aeag&fópóg akvafacav ~vp a`ı znvocng èa`ıvıg oèog`npd}cagıv# nvknkcnv `ıŔavıà kacıv' _~vp~g bavoiog`nf~c~gag nvknkcnvog za|ojnyo# bnvbac`n iozavàko jngav~bcavı kdzeak dcya hnvnkpov# èógkó ka`ıg aĔvıyı faŔcavfaŔcaea| kdvk~gè fov hóvócpó kd}avavak ~vp~g npvaj ıgàkdŔeaa faŔcav zn pójnk }apcapıvcav' F~ hóvócpó èdi~k`dĔ~giaa kaàv nzae n`nv&">/'

@dĔ~eàg ydgva èdi~Ĕ~g `dĔ`~Ĕ~ nzn hncngakvafacav zn òĔnv ogyagcav# aggn zn fafaa &f~ èdi~khnvnkco eo4 hnvnkyo| eo4& òn ydvavcav' NĔnv `dĔagèdi~k kı| oyn hnvnkyo|# nvknk oyn hnvnkco inzafı znvocov'Èdi~k oèog pd a}ıceaàg úgin èdi~Ĕ~g húfnĔoknyocov' @óŔng húfnk &k~cia& a ı znvocng fov kóèókpdvfagıg oèogn kdg~cavak èdi~Ĕ~g fnŔoĔogog



>6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

óypógn ayıcıv' K~ciagıg ayıc`ıĔı o}cnvog fov agıga ak# òĔnv

agıga húk vngkco k ıvacav "fn|cnv/ faĔcagıv' Èdi~k `dĔ~gia oyn fafayı# aggngog `dcaıyıca

èdi~Ĕ~g àba oo fnycngenyo oèog aza èıkav' F~ dcaa Acpa

`nypagcavıgà à vaypcageakpa`ıv' Enynca# &Ak%Paèı&

`nypagıgà Ak%Fúkú dĔc~ dc~gia Ŕ~ òcnkcnvcn aza ho`nv'

KıŔ Kava|ı aàca^~cıea è~~ n`nòe

Kook yneo|og aàca

Facae`ı i~~ca a|ıva`ıe ":/

Yae~v~g kavayıgı azcaavak

D Ĕ c~ea k~gàk fn|o a}aıe

Hno Ĕ og yneo|ogo azcaavak

Èdi~ Ĕ ~e~ a Ĕ ca fnycnnoe

Agı `~v~e &Ak%Èafàv App~ Acpıg Fdkú& a`b

Acpa `nypagıgà à húvócóv' F~ `nypagà ~|~g |aeagàg

fnvo èdi~Ĕ~ dceaag Acpıg Fúkú fov nvknk èdi~Ĕ~ dc~gia`ngo| hofo oèko# àĔ hofo np ıĔavak fov |oajnp `ó|ngcnv zn

oo aziıcavı dĔc~g~g obpoaècavıgı pneog oèog aza èıkavıv' F~

fúcóe `nypagà Ŕ~ Ŕnkoc`n agcapıcıv'

&A|ıvhag iagıy ~~cıea È~~ n`nòe Kava koŔpog pnvn|ı knvnk#

IaŔ facaea yddv`ıvapıe# Kook aggıg èocoho knvnk& `nò"8/

Fnycnnin Ĕ oe pnk d Ĕ c~ea

K~gàk fn|o a}aı

e'Kava yae~v~g `nvoyo hnvnk

Kóèók èdi~ Ĕ ~e~g neenyo oèog

Hno Ĕ og oco Ĕ o hnvnk& `nò

Acpa Póvkcnvo èdi~k `dĔ`~kpag ydgva dg~ fnŔoĔn

kdeaàg úgin nzo# k~pyac aĔaècavàg yaıcag avèıgca

pópyócnv zn yóp, yaèavcav' F~ avaà êa(a à ack ıŔ yú|cnv

yúcngov"2/' Bappa &nvacpıgıg ncèocnvo& òn a`cag`ıvıcag kúpó

v~bcavıg èdi~Ĕa |avav znvenenyo oèog Ŕ~ Ŕnkoc`n pn`fov

acıgıv' &Èdi~Ĕ~g aggn zn fafayı ~~vkng zna nz`ng ~|ak

fov nv`n okng akvafacavàg fovkaè koŔo hncnvnk èdi~Ĕ~

kaèıvavak nvogn a}ea fov fnfnk fıvak ıvcav' Fov yóvn ydgva

f~g~g javk ıga zavag aggn zn fafa èdi~Ĕ~e~| úc`ó òn

aĔcaŔavak fnŔoĔn fıvak ıcag fnfnĔo húenvcnv' F~gàg ydgva

èdi~Ĕ~ kaèıvag akvafacava oèko húpóvócnvnk èdi~k hnvo

acıgıv&"?/' F~ acgı|ia Kúveúy(ó "Ŕnpag/ kag`ıveak oèog

dgagag fov d~g`~v' Avıia ogn kúpó v~bcavàg

focbayya Kúveúy(png èdi~Ĕ~ kdv~eak oèog dga fov pak ıe

kúpó a`cav pak ıcıv' Ľp%K~cak# Iaeag~~c# Pngnk# Èıèkag "1=/

''' F~ Ŕnkoc`n èdi~Ĕa &nvacpı ncèocnvogog& akcaŔaeaaiaĔı

`óŔógócóv' Èdi~k fnŔoĔn kdg`~kpag ydgva fnŔoĔn k ı|ıc fov

fn| faĔcagıv zn fnŔoĔog agıga dk# a# kaeèı# è~f~k'''

fıvak ıcıv"11/' F~ bavnknpog aeaiı# èdi~Ĕ~g yaz~geayı|

dcea`ıĔıgı kúpó v~bcava húypnvenkpov' F~gàg ydgva

êa(a Ŕ~gcav yúcngov'

Kú|o iaeagha kúvhoy}n

Kóógo iaeagha poòvp}n

Hú|ó kúpón húypnven

Húgcó kúpón dk~g`~vpea

Èdi~Ĕa a` dcavak oyn a `dĔ~eàg ydgva nzn ock

hncng koŔo èdi~Ĕa fov a` znvov' F~ a` znvng koŔon `n aggn zn

fafa pavaj ıgàg ènŔopco bnòncnv znvocov"16/' Èdi~Ĕ~

húvenn hncng koŔo nĔnv ak ıg fov akvafa oyn ncfoynyogog`óĔencnvog`ng fov pagnyogo yúknvnk èdi~Ĕ~g fnŔoĔogn

faĔcav"O9/' F~ èdi~Ĕ~g vabap zn yaĔcıkcı fóóenyo oèog fov

òcnkpov# f~ avaà akvafacavıg hnpovòĔo bnòncnv e~pcaka

hóeóŔ dceacı`ıv# acpıg bnòn kaf~c nòcen|# Hnpovocng

bnòncnv èdi~Ĕ~g apaĔıgıg acpıga fıvak ıcıv' @dĔag èdi~k nĔnv k ı| oyn dga pd a}ıcea|'

_acgı|ia nvknk èdi~k `dĔ`~Ĕ~gà pd a}ıcıv' Èdi~k

fóókfafa zn fóókaggngog ock nvknk pdv~g~ oyn èdi~Ĕ~

dgcav acıv# fóóppókpng ydgva nvhngcok èaĔıgà èdi~Ĕ~ pnkvav

aggn fafaa hnvo znvovcnv' Acpa Póvkcnvo èdi~Ĕ~g bnvbagho fov baypacıĔa

akacageaeayı oèog `n agcaeı oo dcag a`cav znvenn òkkap

n`nvcnv' Eúgkócn# Ydcde# Pag%Idcedg# Yóenv''' f~g~gca

fovcokpn aocn ~|~g fov |aeag ydgva fov nvknk èdi~Ĕ~ga zna

agı Ŕnkoc`n fov k ı| èdi~Ĕ~ga yabo} dcya pnvyogn fov `~v~e

dcavak k ı|cava nvknk# nvknkcnvn `n k ı| a`ı znvocovo "10/' F~

pav| a` znven# èdi~Ĕ~ ga|avàg zn Ŕnv hóècnv`ng yak ıgeak

oèog acıgag fov pn`fov dcavak `óŔógócenkpnòv' Èdi~Ĕa

znvocng fa|ı a`cav oyn `dĔ~e nvo zn |aeagıca ochocoòv'

D|dcd# Dva# P~ka# ^àag# Nvcnèo# ^vy~# Èavak#"1>/'''

Fa|ng `n èdi~Ĕa aŔcıcav a` znvov' F~ `~v~e &Kag

Ka}èıka& a`cı Acpa `nypagıgà à hnèenkpnòv' @nypagà;

&KaĔag Kava%Fúkú aza èıkav' D azà okng dĔc~ dc~v' Kava%

Fúkú dĔc~ga a` znvenk oèog |oajnp `ó|ngcnv' &F~ fúcóe

`nypagà Ŕúcn agcapıcıv<

Kava%Fúkú a`ı} p~vap &In engog iagıy ~~c~e èıhavà A`ıg aàav pd# idvhıc n`nvog& `nò



>9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

'''Kava%Fúkú kdg~ Ŕp~< &Fngoe pnk d Ĕ c~e d Ĕ ~ Ĕ ~ oèog

A` ıgı kdavkng `ó Ĕ óg# n Ĕ cngin a}acıe' &`nò'

'''I~~chag kacık dvpd`dg Fov kavhagnenhng èıkı}# Kaeag fov foèok

èıkavaca# Kıèıvı} eıgaà aàp"1:/

'''Pd}cagag back ıg oèog`ng Fov a Ŕcı nvknk èık ı }#Kdg~gàg fov kopa} èıkav ı }#Dk~avak# Ŕ~gcav ı yúcnò<

'''Ľbpoav# kopa}pa `dĔag èdi~Ĕ~g Acpa óypóg`nkoacpeıŔ kaĔagıg faŔèıyı zn Nvcok%Fo kaàv hóècódcaiaĔıgı oyeogog oyn Kag% Ka}èıka dc`~Ĕ~g~ dk~v'Fúcnin èdi~Ĕa Kag%Ka}èıka a`ı znvocov'

Acpa Póvkcnvo pd}c~e baapcavıgà dc`~Ĕ~hofo# èdi~Ĕ~g baapıgıg úgneco agcavıgà à ackıŔ yú|cnv yúcnvcnv' Enynca èdi~Ĕa a znvocovkng yúcngngackıŔ yú|cnv`ng fov pagnyo Ŕúcnòv<

IakŔı ióvóe yóv|ogIavıghıà iıkpıvfay#Fúkú fdc|ıg'Iaakp~haappovfay#Èning fdcyıg'Ióy iaŔ iaŔa#Ióhóvók apa eog!"18/

Ľ o baap a Ŕayıg'Hóècón ngocen|#

Fd Ĕ a dcy~g'_agakcı a yúcnpen|'Papcı òcco dcy~g'_ó| a Ŕ a Ŕa"yıg/

Ľ nyo óin dcy~g!

Èdi~Ĕa ncfoyn hoòvovkng oyn Ŕ~ ackıŔ yú|cnv yúcngov'

Iaka|ı eac~ fdc|ıg#N`nho }dkp~ fdc|ıg'Ac ıgà n`nhogn faca fayyıg#Koog n`nhogn eac fayyıg'Nn|ı eúgkó fdc|ıg!"U2/

_akayı a Ĕ cı dcy~g#

Npn Ĕ o fdkc~ dcy~g'Úgin npn Ĕ ogn èdi~k fayyıg#Ydgva npn Ĕ ogn eac fayyıg' Ľ nyo óin dcy~g!

Acpa Póvkcnvog`n `dĔ~e hógó k~pcaeacavı oyn`dĔ~cag hógóg dg okogio ıcıgıg ydg~gà# dg óèógió ıcıgfaŔıgà k~pcagıv'F~gàg ydgva 6># 98# 0?# :1 zn 89'aŔcav `dĔ~e hógcnvogog k~pcagıc`ıĔı aŔcav`ıv',, F~hógcnv`n koŔo pneo|cngo}# ıkagıv# Pneo| ngo ncfoyncnvhonv' Acpa K~à(ıga# F~vkag%K~à(ıga Ŕókvn`nv'KoŔo f~ hóg`n ncfoynyogn ngo fov `óĔen,,, pakav' F~

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>0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

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1?' K'^KAÈĽGA# N' _AEA_NZA# a'h'n'# y'?,,, Ncfoynn ngo `óĔen pakea a`npo AcpaPóvkcnvog`n ngo ıc favaeı dcavak k~pcagıcag&ÈaĔa Favaeı& k~pcaeacavıgà à húvócóv' F~favaeà ncfoynn pakıcag ngo `óĔen oyn ngo fovıca hovocòĔogog oŔavnpoòv'



>>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

DVPA AY_APÓVK KÓCPÓVÓG@NĽŗAGCOK HNCNGNėĽ

@v' Aco Affay ÈOGAV

E~ Ĕ ca Ógoznvyopnyo Jng%N`nfoap Jakócpnyo Èa Ĕ a Ŕ Póvk Cnbèncnvo zn N`nfoap ı Fúcóeó

ĽŔag; òg acoeo# pavokap fóóĔó# dc húypnvoio`nenkpov' Jnvo` @nzncodĔc~ oŔag kncoenyogog agcaeıgı &Póvkoypag(à zn Ľòc baz|ayı Póvkcnvog`n (y~j ı#knvaenp yabofo# znco eagacavıgà# ~cnea zn Ŕnbcnvnznvocng fov ógzag& Ŕnkcog`n aèıkcaeakpa`ıv"c/' Ydznp

úginyo `úgne`n Dvpa Aya Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo znpd}c~c~kcavıgà òg ocn ochoco k~v~e zn k~v~c~Ŕcavıga}ıcag`ıvıceayı# `ó|ngcngenyo# foèoecngòvocenyo znúgnpoeo oŔagcav pavaj ıgàg zna oŔagcavıg dchúypnvoiocoĔog`n hnvènkcnŔpovoceoŔpov'

&Póvkon zn Ka|ak Póvkcnvog`n Ap Kócpóvó&kdg~c~ `dkpava pn|oen eapnvac yaĔcaeak ó|nvn DvpaAya(a hopenn kavav znvòĔoeo|`n kdg~~ yaıgGaeık Kneac \nfnk(n aèeıŔ# av`ıecavıgı oypneoŔpok' Yaıg \nfnk fo|n pazyon`n f~c~ge~Ŕ#Póvk kócpóv baapı oèog`n úgneco fov nvo dcag oŔagcıkhncngnĔogog avaŔpıvıceayıgıg avavcı dcaiaĔıgı

fncovpeoŔcnvò' F~ ènvènzn`n Ka|akoypag# Ú|fnkoypag znKıvhı|oypag(à 0%91 AĔ~ypdy 1??> pavobcnvo avayıgàa}pıĔıeı| avaŔpıveaà f~ hncngnk bakkıgà fa|ı pnyfopcnv hnvènkcnŔpovòk' F~ eakacn a}ıcag pnyfop znhú|cnecnvo oènvenkpnòv'

Dvpa Aya(àko oŔagcık hncngnĔo Póvkon(`nko`n`ncok "fafacık/# Ŕnbcok hncngnĔogn fóók fng|nvcokhúypnvenkpnòv' ĽŔagcav Dvpa Aya Póvk i~eb~vonpcnvozn pd}c~c~kcavıgà hnèeoŔ ó|ıccavà fóók oŔcnznyabo} dce~Ŕcav`ıv' F~gcav kngòcnvogn &ak yónk&`nenkpnòvcnv' &Ak yónk "ak kneok/& ak yd agcaeıgahncenkpnòv' ĽŔagcav# ydcavıgı Póvkon(`nko Acnzo

`n`ncnvo hofo B|' E~baeen`(n# B|' Aco(nfaĔcaeakpa`ıvcav'Fov koŔogog &oŔag& dcafocenyogog ock Ŕavpı &ak

yónk&png hncenyo# okogio Ŕavpı oyn òg ~cneayı dceayı`ıv' ĽŔagcık fov oyoe `nĔoc yıjappıv' Payazz~j nbcogog hncòĔo envpnfnòv'

F~gcav oko kópcnn avıceakpa`ıvcav< Bdiacav znynopcnv' ĽŔagcık ydàg# kagàg hncov' Ak yónkpngdceaag fovogog ĽŔag dceayı eóekóg `nĔocòv' Akyónkpng hncng fovncnvog póeógóg oŔag dceayı àeóekóg dcaeaeakpa`ıv' ĽŔagıg Ŕnvoapıg k~vaccavıgı nvogn hnpovenyo# pavokapıg ogincokcnvogo focenyo zn~h~caeayı# eavojnp nbco dceayı# ògo fochocnv agıgàeóy}np focoecnv`ng `n agcıdv dceayı fnkcngov' ĽŔagıg ngfncovhog ú|nccokcnvog`ng fovo `n &knvaenphúypnvenyo&òv' Knvaenp yabofo dceaag koŔocnv oŔagdcaea|cav' Fncco fov aŔa hncng oŔag# nvknk nzcapcavı avayıgà oŔagcık a}afocnink gopncokcnvn yabo} fovogokngògn bacnj paog n`nv# úc`óĔó zakop nvogn ynèpoĔonzca`ı oŔag dc~v' Ka`ıgcava oŔagcık húvnzo znvocen|'ĽŔagcav kngòcnvogo }nhaefnv yd~gaàag`ıv`ıkcavıgàg &ak yónk&png faŔka bnvbagho fovfda kı| znven|cnv' F~ púvn ó|ıccavàg fnvo



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

yóvnhncenkpnòv' Úpn agàg &ak yónk& fov kı|ıg# faŔkafdcavàg hngècnvn húgóc znvenyo `n ydydcdlok zn}yokdcdlok ynfn}cnv`ng eóekóg dcaeaeıŔpıv'

Púvno fd|ag dc~vya aocnyo# akvafacavı zn ènzvnyopavaj ıgàg `ıŔcageıŔ# &`óŔkóg& kaf~c nòceoŔpov' ĽgyagcavaŔa`ıkpag ènzvngog ydyac kæg~gcavıga voanp npeoŔcnvòv'

Ydznp yoypneog`n f~ a}ıà fa|ı `nĔoŔencnv dce~Ŕ# nykonga|avag faŔka fdcavca nzcocok a}afocen `~v~e~ eóekógdcafoceoŔpov'

@ıŔavıàg kı| acıgeayıga oyn gaòvng vaypcagıv' &Akyónk&og fd|~ceaeayı# kagıgıg pneo| kaceayı oèog f~|dv~gc~ húvócenkpnòv' F~ púvn zn k~vaccav yoypneoPóvkon(`n `n Acnzo `n`ncnv zn Ŕnbcnv avayıgàI~eb~vonppng úgin yıkı fov k~vac dcavak ~h~cageakpa`ı'Hógóeó|`n oyn yagaocnŔen# f~ga }avacnc dcavak kngpcnŔendch~y~g~g hncoŔenyo# úĔvngoe `~v~e~g~g fncovhog fov`nvninn ókyncenyo# jndàc a}ıgıg èú|ócenyo ydg~i~ f~a}ıà fóók `nĔoŔencnvog enàga hncenyogo

ba|ıvcaeıŔpıv' F~g~gca fovcokpn hncngnk fa|ı fúchncnv`nènŔopco foèoecnv`n zavcıĔıgı yóv`óvenkpnòv'

ĽŔagcık hncngnĔo f~ agcaeà e~baja|akav fova}ıa yabo}pov'

ĽŔagcık ydàg hncòĔo oèog bnvbagho fov ògacoeogog dk~avak oŔag dceayı eóekóg `nĔocòv'

ĽŔagcav Ŕnvoappng |oa`n# kngòcnvogo pavokap ocnochoco bókóecnvo ó|ngcnenkcn ókóecó húvenkpnòvcnv'

ĽŔagcav# Ŕnv‟o k~vaccava à ~eakpa`ıv# gaea|kıceakpa`ıvcav' ĽŔagcavàg oeae zna eón||ogèıkafocenkpnòv'

Dvpa Aya Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(g`ng ng èdk

Ú|fnkoypag(à úvhópcó f~c~gag oŔagcavı

g bnv fovogog fncovcoeóvopcnvo dce~Ŕp~v' ĽŔagcavıg bnvfovogn faĔcı kú znakúcnvog zavcıĔıgàg yú| nòcenkpnòv' F~ eóvopcnv`ng"eóvŔo`%o kaeoc/ `dĔag èdi~kcav à fafacavı hofo agı oŔagazna dg~g nzcapcavıga faĔcı dceakpa`ıvcav' F~ yoypneó|ıccavia `nzae npenkpnòv'

ĽŔag bnv ıc oko `nja hncov' &]apa "Japoba/& znvov'Nzogog hnèoeogog b~|~vc~# ydjvagıg fnvnknpco# nz backıgıgyaĔcıkcı dceacavıgı òcnv' Back# oŔaga# Póvkon(`n `n`nnznvocng &Bak(~ccab& hofo bnòncnv znvov# ĽŔag hncòĔog`nkngòyogn kd~g zn fng|nvo bazagcav knyocov# kngòyo ng oofoèoe`n aĔıvcagıv' Èdi~kpag baypa dcagcav# aŔaeaagcavèdi~kcavıgıg yaĔcıĔa kaz~Ŕeayı oèog oŔaga eóvaaiap n`nvcnv']vdj' @v Eacok E~va`dĔc~(g~g focòvòĔogn húvn kı|ı dceaag zna aĔıv baypa dcag fovo# èdi~Ĕ~g~g aŔaeayı `~v~e~gà fa|ı baccnv`n dg~ &gn|ov kıcav&# agı kı|ıgıgoocnŔenyo bacog`n# dg~ yaĔacpag oŔaga

znvninĔogo zaa` n`nv zn yú|óg`n `~v~v' ĽŔag kú`nkoàzacavı# b~k~ko }vdfcnecnvo èú|nv' Ú|fnkoypag FocoecnvAka`neoyo ÚĔvnpoe Ónyo @dè' @v' Yao` Acoedz(àga}pıĔıeı| `nvcnenn húvn oŔagcav fóók yahı húvóv#dgcavıg òcnòkcnvo kaf~c nòcov' F~ga húvn kngòyogog `n`dĔ`~Ĕ~ nv dcag Ynenvkag`# ]aa|ık ocènyo# Èovafap

kúógn 1:'2'1??> pavobog`n KavŔıbag ÚenvbagdĔc~ a`ıgà88 aŔcavıgà fov oŔag hncov' ĽŔag hncòĔog`n kúcócnv dg~yahıca kavŔıcavcav' Fóók fúcóeó kngòcnvogo kaeèıcapeakoypnv' F~vaà &kaeèı& avaiıcıĔıca pneay fóóyó yaĔcagıv#ĽŔagàko hóè zn k~`vnp kaeèı avaiıcıĔı ocn z~v~cag koŔocnvnhnèninĔogn ogagıcıv' Kaeèıgıg nò húfnkpng fnvo aocn`ndc`~Ĕ~ oja`n nòcenkpnòv' ĽŔag avıia ogyagcavıg yıvpıgı nccnvocn yıza|cav# &F~ fngoe ncoe `nĔoc# B|' Aco ŗov%oBóà(gıg ncoòv& `nv' @nco dc`~Ĕ~ga ogagagcavıg kıvk hóg&bacbagn "Bacznpbagn/&`n faĔcag`ıkcavı dce~Ŕp~v'

Backıg nzcoacava dcag e~baffnpo# Ydznp`úgneog`n `n ho|co Ŕnkoc`n# ú|nccokcn kúcnv`n yóveóŔpóv'

HncngnĔo ú|nccokcn ka`ıgcavıg óvóppóĔó agcaŔıceakpa`ıv'_nynzo(gog nĔngo dc`~Ĕ~ yúcngng PaŔkngp(pnko \ngho Apapóvfnyog`n `nvcnen a}pıĔıeı| Póvkengoypag(cı Ú|fnkPóvk(ó Fofoynvn Bacja(àg nògòĔoeo| fochon húvn#aŔaeakpa dc`~kcavı Póvkengoypag(ıg @aŔdĔ~| oco Kıvkıcıkkayafayı(gà f~ hncngnĔo ho|coin yóv`óveóŔcnvòv' FofoynvnBacja(gıg apapag à oŔag yd~gàg`ıv' Kayafagıg gój~y~g~gfóók èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~ oŔagcavàg dc~Ŕeakpa`ıv' Ka`ıgcav bnvèavŔaefa hógó &EóŔkocokŔa`& `ngocng kopafı dk~eakpa#yacazap hnpovenkpnòvcnv' Vaea|ag aıgà &Enzco`%o Gnfo&fov a fd~gia dk~geakpa# yacazap hnpovocenkpnòv' _a}ıcag|okvn &inv& `ngocenkpnòv' Inv(`n _nynzo(gog bokenpcnvo

dk~geakpa`ı

v' Póvkengoypag(à Dvpa Aya(àko nzcoapóvfncnvogo |oavnp npenkpn dcag Fofoynvn BacjafaŔkagcıĔıgàko fov dpdfóy `dc~y~ ka`ıg# voiaeı| ó|nvognPaŔkngp(pnko \ngho Fafa póvfnyog`n fov &inv& púvngohnvènkcnŔpovòcnv'

&Inv‟n& hovng eóvopcnv# fovfovogog nccnvog`ngp~pavak fov backa dc~Ŕp~v~dv# vókû bacog`n `~v~dv# bn} fovaĔı|àg `nzaecı dcavak &Ca ocabn occaccab(( òdvcav' Backagıgdvpayıgà &bacja "bacojn/& nv acıdv' F~ga &faŔkav~zèı "faŔcapıiı/& `ngocodv Inv aakpa faŔcıdv# ò|n hncogodv#jakap backa foèoeog`n yóvódv' Ydgva pnkvav aaĔa kackıcı}`nzae nòcodv' F~ yıvaà &faŔkav~zèı& _nynzo(gogbokenpcnvogo òcn hnpovodv' @oĔnv ka`ıgcav# bokenpcnvyúcnvkng bn} fov aĔı|àg &Accab Accab& ònvnkkngòcnvog`ng hnèodvcav' Nccnv fovfovogn kngnpco dcavak fovúgn# fov avkaa hoò} hncovkng |okov óvópóceóŔ dc~dv'



>8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

ĽŔagcık hncngnĔo Dvpa Aya Póvk `ógayıgà ngèdk Ú|fnkoypag(à zavcık húypnveoŔpov' V~ycava kavŔı znvocng eóia`ncncnv`n oŔagcavıg fóók oŔcnzcnvo# úvhópcóe~bacnjnpcnvo dce~Ŕp~v' Hógn Ka|akoypag "Èoekngp#Iagfıc# Pæc`ıkdvhag/# Dvpa zn Hógn Kıvhı|oypag "DŔ#

Gavıg# Pacay/# Dvpa zn @dĔ~ Ú|fnkoypag "Jnvhaga#Agòiag# Gaeaghag# G~vapa# PaŔkngp# Ynenvkagp#F~bava/# K~|n Póvkengoypag "@aŔdĔ~|# Èavèúz/fúchncnvog`n &ak yónk ~v~Ĕ~&g~g gój~y~g~g dĔ~gdcavak f~c~g`~Ĕ~ nvcnŔoe acagcavı dc`~Ĕ~ znahncngnĔog npkoco f~c~g`~Ĕ~ agcaŔıceakpa`ıv'

Ka|akoypag(ıg Èoekngp ocogn faĔcı Póvkoypag"_nyo/ Ŕnbvog`n `nvcnen a}pıĔıeı| Aeac Bdia à#ydcavıgıg B|' Aco(n àag`ıĔıgı yúcnenkpn# agiakoŔagcıĔı# knvaenp nbco dcea`ıĔı zn npnvco ògofochoyogog f~c~gea`ıĔı hnvnkènyocn kaf~cnpenenkpnòv' Aeac Bdiaà yd Ŕninvnyo

f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~ Ŕninvn# Ava} bavjco dc~} Ka|akPóvkènyocnòv' ŗninvn oko avı |aeagà kacnenacıgeıŔpıv' ŗninvngog ock fúcóeó 1282 ıcıgà ènŔopcokagakcavàg avavcagıcavak ba|ıvcageıŔpıv' F~fúcóe`n 91 koŔogog a`ı hnèenkpnòv' F~ fúcóen`óŔócng gdppa Ŕúcn `ngocenkpnòv< &91 apa 1282ıcıgà kacnen acıgavak fnchncngòvocò' F~gàg ydgva àB|' Aco nzcapcavıgıg Ŕninvnyogo Ľycae @ogo(goghncoŔpovoioyo fóók bdiacav a|aiakcav`ıv&`ngocenkpnòv' ŗninvngog okogio fúcóeó oyn 1?=8( na|ıceıŔpıv F~ fúcóe Bóynog Bdia# Yacob Bdia znEab`~e Bdia ocn Haco ĽŔag pavaj ıgàg kacnen acıgeıŔ

zn Ŕninvngog `dĔv~ dc`~Ĕ~ oja`n nòcnvnk eóbóvcngeoŔpov'Yú|kdg~y~ Ŕninvn Ŕúcnòv<&Bdiacavàg @úvp Eóbóv Fayı} Yngòvochng

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gà pavobèocnv e~bpncoj húvóŔcnv ocnvon yóveóŔcnvòv' Jakap# bn}yogog oppojaknpeoŔ hofo húvóg`óĔó fov gdkpa zav# d à< F~ póv en|avagıpcavıgıg Kavakd~g(c~ zn Akkd~g(c~ Póvkengcnvognaop dc`~Ĕ~ húvóŔó`óv"?/' Yú|ó nòcng bnknccnv àba|oa`n ROZ ógió '(ıg dvpacavıgà Aga`dc~(à EdĔdchóiógóg kıvıceayı zn oko Póvkeng fd~g~g f~fúchn`n nhnengcok k~veayıgàg ydgva a}pıkcavı aèıkpıv' F~ fdcav oyn Kavakd~gc~cav znAkkd~gc~cav ıv# Kavakd~gc~cav# Nv|~v~e E~y~cavayıgà zn Aga`dc~(g~g òĔnv fúchnyog`n#Akkd~gc~cav oyn @oavfakıv ènzvnyog`n aŔavcav ı'Aga`dc~( a húvócng kdèkd~g bnknccnvog f~ okoPóvkeng deaĔıgıg en|av agıpcavı dc`~Ĕ~ zn àba ydgvaf~ hncngnĔog `nzae nppovocnvnk hógóeó|n kaàv hncòĔoabcaŔıceakpa`ıv"1=/'

&K~v‟ag( a aèık zn knyog dceaeakca fnvafnvyóycó zn òkkap ènkoio en|avcav ocn bnknceabonpog`nko en|avcav bdŔ kavŔıcageaeıŔpıv' F~`nzovcnv`nko Póvkengcnv(`n enzi~p ògo pdcnvagy#Acnzocok zf' ogagècavıg hóècó enzi~ònpo f~ nykohncngnĔo pnkvav iagcag`ıveıŔpıv' Avıia f~ hncngnĔog



:6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

pnkvav dvpaa èıkeayıgà `úgneog ydyd%nkdgdeokŔavpcag à npkoco dce~Ŕp~v&"11/'

Aga`dc~(g~g fovèdk nvog`n húvócngkdèkd~g en|av agıpcavıgàg ĽĔ`ıv zn ènzvnyog`n `n èdkyaıà enzi~pp~v' F~ úvn`nko kdèkd~g en|av agıpcavı òkevı hncngnĔogog ROZ' zn RZ' '(à Yóvenco

È~k~v~(ga"16/ "OĔ`ıv/ bakoe dcag Kavakd~gc~ znAkkd~gc~ Póvkengcnv(og" 19/ zavcıĔı ocn o|ab nòcnfocov'Kavy zn OĔ`ıv úvnyog`nko kdèkd~g bnknccnvohngnccokcn aakpa a}ıceıŔ za|onppnòv' Fov kao`n ó|nvogndp~vp~ce~Ŕ dcagcavıg agıgà# kao`nyo| dcagcav àenzi~pp~v' "Vny' 0# >/' OĔ`ıv(ıg Kavakd~gc~ ocènyo ocnBak Enbenp AĔaznv# Faap# ]~c~v zn PaŔf~vagkúcnvog`nko en|av agıpcavı zn en|avpaŔcavı ó|nvogne~bpncoj johóv# edpoj oŔcngeoŔpov' Johóvcó# edpojco znkafavpeacı dcagcavıg# dceaagcava húvn àba ja|cakı`neco dc`~kcavı# faŔka fov oja`ncn en|avàko Ŕabyıg#ydc~# zavcıkcı dceagıg agıgà oĔop dc`~Ĕ~ga à

oŔavnppov' F~ paygojpn kdèkd~g en|av agıpı ó|nvognoŔcngeoŔ johóvcnvog zn kafavpeacavıg ú|nccoĔogn húvna}ıceıŔpıv' Pnk faŔıga kopafnyı|# johóvyó|# kafavpeayı|fov kdèkd~g bnknco &ac}nvngcıĔo&# ó|nvog`n &ya|& johóvópaŔıag fov kdè zn ap bnknco oyn# en|avàko Ŕabyıg agı |aeagà oo ya| èac`ıĔıga# `dcaıyıca &d|ag& dc`~Ĕ~gaoŔavnp npenkpnòv' Ó|nvog`n &ap& johóvó a}ıceıŔ fov kdèbnkncogog# `njgnòcng Ŕabyıg oĔop dceayıgıg agıgà oofov fogoio dc`~Ĕ~g~# úvngog focov koŔocnvog`ngúĔvngòk"10/'

OĔ`ıv(ıg Kavakd~gc~ ocènyog`n ydg`úgnecnv`n òkocng f~ póv bnknccnvog &K~vp~c~Ŕ

YazaŔı

(g`n Nvengocnvog pniazó|cnvogn kavŔı

kdavkngŔnbop `óŔngcnvog agıyıga òkocòĔo agcaŔıcıdv'Aga`dc~(g~g fovèdk nvog`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# Kavy

zn OĔ`ıv ènzvnyog`n nv acag en|av agıpcavıga znen|avpaŔcavıga oŔcngeoŔ e~bpncoj johóvcnv# edpojcnv#kafavpeacav zn payzovcnv òkkapo incfnpenkpnòv' F~ póven|avpaŔcavıgıg fógnyog`n úgneco yıvcav yakcı dc`~Ĕ~g~~g~peaeak hnvnkodv' &F~ yıvcav gncnvòv4& òn fov ydv~ydv~cafocov# kagaapoeo|in# fabynppoĔoeo| aea paeeagayıca zakıj dcaea`ıĔıeı| yıvcav en|avpaŔcavıgaoŔcngeoŔ dcag johóvcnv# edpojcnv# payzovcnv znkafavpeacav ıv' F~ póv en|avpaŔcavı ~|~g |aeage~aeea dcea ú|nccokcnvogo kdv~e~Ŕcav`ıv' @aba àkdv~aiaĔa fng|nenkpnòv' \ova# en|avpaŔcavıgae~bpncoj johóv oŔcngenyo hncngnĔo# f~hóg gnvn`nynpnvknòceoŔ `~v~eà dc`~Ĕ~gàg# avıia f~ edpojcnvoa}agcavıg èdĔ~ znjap nppoĔog`ng# johóvcnvog obpozacavıgı pae dcavak backpag úĔvngeneo| eóekóg dceaı}#bnvkny kngògn húvn fov dv~eà f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~gavaĔeng# a}ıcag dv~ecavàg

fov yngpn| a}ı}# oyafnpco jokovcnvn zaveak à eóekóghúvógenkpnòv'

Ľgyag# @dĔ~ zn Hógn`dĔ~ Aga`dc~(àkoen|avcıkcavı Ŕúcn fov hn|o}# en|avpaŔcavı ó|nvognoŔcngeoŔ ènŔopco johóvcnvo zn en|av agıpı dcavak òkocng&kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnknccnvogo húvógin# kngògo

bavnppng acıkdaeıdv zn akcıga Ŕ~ ydv~~ hnpovenkpn `nhniokeodv< Aiafa f~ johóvcnvog oŔcngenyogn zn en|avagıpcavıgıg a}ıceayıga gn`ng obpoaè `~~ce~Ŕ4 F~`~v~e~ backıg kócpóv zn ogagiıga faĔcaeaeı| eóekóghúvógeódvya à# kdg~~ npnvogin# a`ıgcapaeıaiaĔı húvóŔóg`no|' BnvŔn`ng úgin# en|avpaŔcavıga oŔcngngjohóvcnv`n zn a}ıcag bnknccnv`n bnvkny pavaj ıgàgfocogenyo oypngocng eagacav dceacı`ıv' En|avpaŔcavıgaoŔcngng edpojcnv# johóvcnv zn payzovcnv# úcng ŔabyıgenycnĔogo fncovpenkcn kaceaı}# baappa okng gn hofooŔcnv a}aĔıgı zn hnvon gncnv fıvakpıĔıgı àhúypnvenkpnòv' _a}pıĔıeı| avaŔpıveacav ~kavıàko

húvóŔó pno` n`nink gopncokpnòv' Agiak# yú|ó nòcngen|avpaŔcavıga ú|nc fov agcae znvneoninĔoeo| `nfocogencoòv' F~ póv en|avpaŔcavıga faŔka fov aèıàgakcaŔı}# javkcı dv~ecavà f~c~gag avaŔpıveaiıcavdcafocov'

En|avpaŔcavıga e~bpncoj johóvcnv oŔcngenyogogzn bnknccnv òkocenyogog ynfnfogo fo| oko húvóŔ npvaj ıgà dĔ~gcaŔpıveaa èacıŔpık'

a' Backa ]vapok FochoKa|ag`ıveak<Aga`dc~(àko en|avpaŔcavıga e~bpncoj johóvcnv

oŔcngenyogog zn bnknccnv a}ıceayıgıg fovèdk gn`ngodcafocov' F~ ynfn}cnv avayıgà# dk~ea%a|eafocenngcnvn ko# f~gcav `dĔac dcavak en|avpaŔcavı ó|nvog`nko a|ıcavı# kopafncnvo dk~aea`ıĔıgàg#f~gcava úcng Ŕabyıg &engkıfncnvo& bakkıgà ú|np fochoznvenk hnvnkpoĔo `óŔóginyo kngòcoĔog`ng dvpaa èıkeıŔ dceacı`ıv' &Backa }vapok focho ka|ag`ıveak& òndv~eca`ıĔıeı| f~ `óŔógin gayıc hnvènkcnŔnfocovò4Fov knvn# en|avpaŔcavıga ~|~g ~|a`ıa a|ı a|ıceayı oèog fóók paŔcava obpoaè zav`ı' Avıia f~ paŔcavıgoŔèocoĔo avı fov ~ĔvaŔı hnvnkpovninkpo# úcn oyn# dk~ea%a|ea focenngcnvn zn backa ú|np focho znvengog fov pnk

dc~ dcafocovò d à; }vapok fov úgpne hofo húvógngbnknccnv a}eak zn johóvcnv oŔcngenkcn yaĔcagafocovò'F~ aeaia ~caŔıcea`ı à `nĔoc# en|avpaŔcavı ó|nvognbnknccnv a}ıc ıkpag zn johóvcnv oŔcngòkpng ydgva back#f~ póv Ŕnkoccnvog gn agcaea hncòkcnvogo vabapcıkcaagcaafocodv zn kngòcnvogin dv~eà f~c~gafocodv`~'Hngn bnvkny focodv`~ ko# en|avıgà



:9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

&kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnknco f~c~gag koeyn envppov#oĔoppov'''

f' Ac}nvngcnvog ^g~p~ceayıgı

Úgcnenk< En|avpaŔcavı ó|nvogn bnknccnv a}ıceayıgıg znjohóvcnv oŔcngenyogog fo|in ng úgneco ynfnfo f~`~v' _ago;kabvaeag# envp zn jnàkav ogyagcavıg ~g~p~ceayıgı úgcnenk' Fov `nzov kabvaeagcık a}eıŔ# `óŔeagca húĔóyhúĔóyn èav}ıŔeıŔ dcag Ŕabıycavıg engkıfncnvo òc`ng òcn`dcaŔıv dc`~' E~bpnencng gnyoc `nĔoŔpokèn kabvaeagkoŔocnvog kabzn kúŔncnvog`n# ydbfnp pd}cagpıcavıgà |nzkcnagcapıcag zn ògcngng bokancnvo |aeagca ~g~p~ceaa ó|p~pp~' Kagaapoeo|in# f~ `~v~e oĔop koŔocnvo vabapyı| nppo znhóg hnco} `n kngò kabvaeagcıkcavıgıg ~g~p~caiaĔı ngòŔnyogn ka}ıc`ıcav' F~ga fov `n aocncnv avayıgàko vnkafnp#

ago kngò yd~gàg dcag fovogog oĔopcoĔogo afo`ncnŔpovenk`óŔóginyo nkcngogin &bnkncco& # &edpojco&# &kafavpeacı& zn&payzovco& en|avpaŔcavı dvpaa èıkeıŔ dc`~'

Póvk backı# znjakav ogyagcavı# pd}c~e oèog èacıŔeıŔ dcagcavı# a}ıcag kabvaeagcıkcavı ~g~peak oypnenòĔog`ngzn f~g~ gagkúvcók kaf~c nppoĔog`ng# `nzvog pnkgoĔo znoekagcavı ocn f~ póv bnknccnv òkenĔn zn johóvcnv oŔcnenĔnfaŔcaeıŔpıv' F~g~gca à yahıca ag`ıkcavı Ŕabıycava dcagfdvècavıgı ú`neoŔ dc`~kcavıga kagaap hnpovòcnv'

F~hóg àbo a|ıa hnèovoceneoŔ# hnèovocyn focndc`~kèa afavpıceıŔ Ŕabıycavıg engkıfncnvogog agcapıceayı hncngnĔo# Aga`dc~(g~g fovèdk nvog`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo; Nv|~v~e#Kavy# Avàbag zn OĔ`ıv úvncnvog`n `nzae npenkpnòv'

Engkıfncnvo ng èdk agcapıcag Ŕabıycav avayıgà; &KúvdĔc~&#&Kaèak Gnfo& zn B|' Aco(gog Bafnv Kacnyo(gog jnpbog`nhúypnvòĔo kabvaeagcık faŔpa hncenkpnòv'

F~ `~v~e úvn`ng úvnn `nĔoŔenkpn; agoúvngog kabvaeagcavı &KúvdĔc~& zn &Kaèak Gnfo(gog& nvogoaceakpa`ıv"1>/'

FaŔcaghıèpa oĔopcoĔo ynefdco|n n`ng en|av agıpı ya`nin kdèkd~g bnknccnvo okng# àba ydgva &ap& bnknco#&kıcıgè&# &bagènv&# &pójnk&# &pafagia& hofo edpojcnv `n&oĔopcoĔo& oŔavnp n`nv bacn hnceoŔpov' Hngn faŔcaghıèpa`óŔeagca yazaŔavak# kabvaeagcık húypnvngcnv oèog òkocngkaèkd~g bnknco àba ydgva bnvkny oèog òkocng fov

hncngnk bacogn hnpovoceoŔpov' F~ `~v~ea dc aèag ynfn}cnvavayıgà; Ŕó}bnyo| aocncnv avayıgàko kıykagècık zn vnkafnpfaŔpa hncenkpnòv' Kngò aocnyog`ng fovogo kabvaeagcıkhúypnvenyn `n kabvaeag dc`~Ĕ~ oealıgı backa znvenkoypnngcnv#

úcng akıgcavı oèog &kdèkd~g&# &ap& bnkncogoa}eıŔcav`ıv'

F~g~gca à kngò aocnyog`ng fov jnvòg àoeabapıvcageayı oypngeoŔ dceacı`ıv' Agiak# `~v~e`óŔógóc`óĔógóg akyogn fov hncoŔen húypnveoŔ; back#

húypnvencok oèog òkocng bnknccnvn opofav npeneoŔ# hnvènkpnenvpcoĔog# Ŕniaapog ynefdcó dcag f~ póv en|avcavıg ó|nvognòkocng bnknccnvo caık dcea`ıĔı hnvnkènyocn ıkeaĔafaŔcaeıŔpıv' F~ ıkea bavnknpo fov yóvn àba `nzae npeoŔyn`n# Ŕnkocio en|avcavıg èdĔaceayı ó|nvogn back# f~ `~v~eàgza|hnèenk |dv~gà kaceıŔpıv'

F~hóg oyn Kavy zn OĔ`ıv úvnyog`n bnvkny úcngakıgı oèog fov &kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnknco a}afocenkpnòv'Avpık gdveac fov baòyn hofo kavŔıcagag f~ `~v~e kavŔıyıgàbackıg# fóók èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~g~g vabapyı| zn Ŕokanpèo dc`~Ĕ~g~f~ znyocncn fncovpeoŔ dcacıe'

Yıvayı hnceoŔkng f~hóg a}ıcag zn hncninkpn `n

a}ıceayı e~bpnenc dcag kdèkd~g bnknc en|avpaŔcavıcaochoco y}nkócaydgcava inza} dceayı aèıyıgàg fov b~y~ya`nĔogenk oypodv~e' Úpn`ng fnvo &Póvk kócpóvógóg&|nghogcoĔogo ba|en`nenng fa|ı nvco zn afagiı ènzvncnv&kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnkncnvo ó|nvog`n kúkyó| o`òacavocnvon yóvenkpnòvcnv' ŗanp# dgcava ydvavyagı|Aga`dc~(àko &kdèkd~g& zn &ap& en|av agıpcavı#Nvengocnvn zna Hóviócnvn eaby~y dceacı`ıv' &Nv|~v~eEó|nyo&g`n baè oŔavnpco fov &kdè bnknco& ocn# &KavyEó|nyo&g`n nv acag zn ó|nvog`n &Nvengo kopafnyo& dc`~Ĕ~pny}op nòcng bnknccnvog agıyıva Pojcoy(pn# Nvozag(àBıvoypoagcava aop &kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnknccnvogog

f~c~gı

gayı

"1:/ ock fakı

Ŕpa f~ o`òacavı

hnènvco kı

caiaohúvógóeóg`nòv' ]vdj'@v' Fnbag KavaeaĔavacı(gıg àfncovppoĔo hofo# &Fo|agy# Nvengo zn Hóviócnv`n fúcn fovhncngnk dcea`ıĔıgàg# f~ po} en|avpaŔcavı kúkyó|kaceakpa`ıv' E~bpnencng f~ en|av paŔcavı# &PóvkKócpóvógóg& Nvengo zn Hóviócnvn agyıeayı`ıv' _a à f~pd}c~c~kcav pavaj ıgàg BıvoypoagcaŔpıgcag# jakap kngò ogagèzn hncngnkcnvogo aŔapag Póvkcnvog fıvakpıkcavı bapıvacav`ıv&"18/'

Fo|`n f~ o`òacavıg aycı dc~} dcea`ıĔıgı úĔvngenkoèog# Nvengoypag zn Ľvag(ca yıgıv kdeŔ~y~ dceayı opofavocnOĔ`ıv zn ènzvnyog`n avaŔpıvea a}eaa kavav znvòk'Fúcnin kdg~ca ochoco úgneco eac|nencnv f~caiaĔıeı|a ogagıdv`~k' AvaŔpıveaeı|a OĔ`ıv(ıg ng nyko nvcnŔoe nvodcag zn ydg a}ıcag avkndcdlok ka|ıcav gnpoinyog`n pavobúginyogn aop úgneco búókcnvog"12/ f~c~g`~Ĕ~ Kavakd~gc~ocènyog`ng faŔca`ık' Ľcèn envkn|og`n nv acag nyko foven|avcıkpa èdk yaıà kdèkd~g



:0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

en|avpaŔcavı ocn kajayı kd}e~Ŕ dcag aea# ap eı# `nzn eodc`~Ĕ~ fncco dceaag fov en|av agıpıga vaypca`ık' FocovkoŔocnv kajayı kd}~k dcag bnkncog `nzn dc`~Ĕ~g~ o`òanpenkpn oyncnv `n# f~ kdg~ knyogcok ka|ageaeıŔ dc`~Ĕ~gàg Ŕoeòcok fov dv~eà f~c~geak eóekógdceaeıŔpıv'

Kavakd~gc~ ocèn en|avcıĔıgàko kdèkd~gbnknccnvo úvngog ng nyko en|avpaŔcavı`ıv' Ó|nvcnvog`nkokopafncnv`n nv acag pavobcnv f~ húvóŔóeó|ó pno` n`ninkgopncokpnòv' Hógcnvin yú|ó nòcng en|avcıkcavà zn ènzvnkúcnv`n avaŔpıveacavıeı|ı hngoŔcnpo}# `nvogcnŔpoveneo|nvaĔeng fov pnk hav%o eóycóe en|avıga vaypcaaea`ık'Fıvakıg òĔnv `ncoccnvo yıvacaeaı &Kavakd~gc~ ocèn& a`ı focn pnk faŔıga ayıcyı| o`òacavı hnènvyo| kıcaiak fov fnchnokng# gayıc dc~} à fúcn fov húvóŔóg dvpaa apıc`ıĔıgı agcaeak eóekóg `nĔocòv'

F~ úvn`nko kdèkd~g bnknccnvogog paeaengKavakd~gc~ Póvkengcnvog`ng kacea fov hncngnk dc`~Ĕ~g~

vabapcıkca yúcnnfocovo| "Vnyoe 0 %>/' Avıia# f~ga faĔcı dcavak Kavakd~gc~ ocènyo ocn òĔnv nvcnŔoe nvcnvog`nkdèkd~g bnknco òken hncngnĔogog ((ŗoa(gıg Iajnvo&kdc~ga"1?/ engy~} dcagcav pavaj ıgàg yóv`óvócenyo# agcıŔ kagaapcnvn dc aèeaeacı`ıv' F~ `~v~e &Kavakúd~gc~ Póvk@nzcnpogog& &(ŗoo(& dceayıgàg zn úvn backıgıg èdĔ~g~g&Iajnvo En|bnfogo& fngoeynencnvog`ng kagakcageakpa`ıv'_dkya# dcaıg Ľvag Kócpóvó ocn fov acakayı dkp~v'

_úvn backı à f~ Ŕ~~và dceacı ko; ydg |aeagcavàòkpokcnvo kdèkd~g bnknccnvogog úgógn aıc`ı|kafavpeayı oŔcnenkcn zn &eocco& fngcokcnvogo e~baja|anppokcnvo enyalıgı znvenkpnòv "Vnyoeú/'

Ú|npcn &Iajnvo En|bnfo&gog vnyoe zn bnknckdg~y~gà fov pdcnvagy paeea`ıĔıgı#"6=/ ago baòyngogen|bnfo fov kavnkpnv paŔıea`ıĔıgı# Aga`dc~(àko&kdèkd~g& bnknc en|avpaŔcavıgıg Nvengoypag# Hóvioypagzn Ľvag(ca boèfov ochoyogog f~c~gea`ıĔıgı# úvn oyoecnvo znen|avpaŔcavı pno` npenkpnòv' Nvengoypag# Hóvioypag znĽvag(àko &kdèkd~g& zn &ap& bnknc en|avpaŔcavıgıg #oynPóvk kócpóvógóg fov ~|agpıyı dceayı k~zznpcn e~bpnencòv'

Kdèkd~g bnknc en|av agıpcavıgıg Aga`dc~(g~g`ıŔıgà f~ kaàv hngoŔ yabacava aıceayı# focbayyaA|nvfaiag(àko &kdèkd~g& zn &aj bnknccnvo ocn Nv|~v~e#P~ginco# Abcap# Kavy zn ĽĔ`ıv úvncnvog`nko kdèkd~gbnknccnvogog fovèdk fakıecavàg fng|nvcok ag|npenyopnya`ójo `nĔocòv' Pafooòv ko# dvpaèaĔcavà &envpcok&#&Ŕniaap&# ap kdŔp~veak zn kıcıè dgapeakca yıgag`ıĔı oèog#koŔogog

en|avı óypóg`n dg~g baapıgıg ng }avcak yabojnyogoakynppovng az yabgncnvo payzov dO~g~v`~"61/' F~ azyabgncnvogog nvogo àba ydgvacavı kdèkd~g bnknco znaf~ga fng|nv edpoj# johóv zn kafavpeacavıg ac`ıĔıgı húvenkpno|'

Kdèa f~ kaàv úgne znvocenyogog ynfnfogo

agcaafoceneo| oèog# dg~g ú|nccokcnvogn fov hú| apeaeı|hnvnkodv; papcı npocn# e~bpncoj cnza|ıeap zn hooeeakya`ıca oypoja`n nòcng# neyacyo| `nvoyogn zn hó|ncógógn húvn &kdè& hnèeoŔpn ~c~ apacavıeı| pavaj ıgàgfdcc~k# fnvnknp zn k~zznp ynefdcogn ènzvoceoŔpov"66/' F~hógn `nk kngpcnvoeo|`n èn}nv òvnkcnvogn# nzag yóp~gcavıgafnvnknp zn k~zznp acnenpo dcavak kdè faŔıgıg ayıceayı# dg~gback avayıgà gn kaàv hngoŔ aıc`ıĔıgı húypnvov"69/'Pnya`ój `nĔocòv ko# back ú| kabvaeagıga &Kdè KúvdĔc~&a`ıgı znvov"60/'

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Aya(àko apacavıeı| pavaj ıgàg e~ka``ny yaıceıŔ; ago fovpdpne "dgh~g/ kavakpnvo paŔıeıŔ eı`ıv4 F~ ydv~a inza}znvenk baco hóè húvógódvya à# enzi~p kagakcavàg znavaŔpıvea nynvcnvog`ng bavnknpcn fov jokov fnag npenkeóekóg`óv'

Pavobèocnv bnv gn`ngyn &Kdè~g& hnèeoŔpn Póvkcnvavayıgà k~pyac yaıc`ıĔıgı# f~ ó|`ng &Kdèa& f~ kaàvúgne znvocòĔogo yúcnenkpng ènkogeoŔcnvòv' Dya &PaŔ kdè(( bnknccnvoeo|og hnèeoŔpn back avayıgà pdpne "dgh~g/kavakpnvo paŔı`ıĔıga àov eac~eapcav èdkp~v' A|ivfniagavaŔpıveaiıyı &_~y~j zn|ov èneng|neogco&# &Kı|cav f~caĔı&a`cı nynvog`n; kdè~g k~pyac fov bazag yaıc`ıĔıga zn dga

A|nvfaiagcı

cav pavaj ı

gàg opaaap nòcòĔogo ú|nccokcnka`n`nv"6>/# Hncòk ÈnŔenn Y~àg Ľèenn AĔia"6:/ &Kdècava&

Pa(|oe"68/ npenn"62/' F~ oja`n`ng &Kdè‟a& back pavaj ıgàg k~vfag

y~g~c`~Ĕ~ agcaŔıcıdv' Cakog f~hóg d fo|o hnèeoŔ eagayıca`nĔoc# àba èdk f~hógkó b~y~yonpocn ochocngòvencoòv'Akyo pakpov`n agcıŔ kagaapcavn zaveak eóekóg`óv'HnèeoŔpn a}ıcag f~ bavnknpcnv boè fov |aeag backıgf~hógkó jncynjnyogo agyıpea|"6?/' HnèeoŔpn k~pyac yaıcag&Kdè& avpık hnèeoŔ kavnkpnvcnvogo paŔıeakpag èdk ~|ak dc~}#Ľycaeo `óŔógin ocn avıcık pnŔkoc npenng fov eagaka|ageıŔpıv' Kıyaiayı Aga`dc~ Póvkcnvog`n Ŕoeòko en|avcavĽycae npkoyo acpıga hoveoŔ# nyko Ŕnkoccnvo ocn avpık k~ccagıcea|dce~Ŕp~v'



:>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@Ľ]GDPCAV

1' Fnbag KAVAEAėAVACO# Póvk Eoeavo Nynvcnvog`n Abcap En|avpaŔcavı# Agk‗ 1??9# Ŕ' 1#6#9'

6' a'h'n''# y'1#6'9' Kavy Ľc _ıccıĔı 1?:8# y' 1??'

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hncngnĔo zavcıĔıgı `nzae nppovenkpn dc~}# bnv ıc `ó|ngcodcavak &aŔıkcav ŔngcoĔo& ó|ngcngenkpnòv' F~ ŔngcoĔn

kapıcag aŔıkcavıg yúcnòkcnvo póvkócnvog faŔcıia pneayıgı#kabvaeagcık `nypagcavı dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv'

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Ne}nvaco|e# Ľyp' 1?82' y' 06'



::

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

KA\AKCAV@A AĽCN _A]OYO

@dè' @v' \ngnŔ ĽYEAĽC

Agkava Ógoznvyopnyo PÚENV Kdg~k Ú Ĕ vnpoe Ónyo

Ka|akcav &^c~ Ló|# Dvpa Ló|# KoŔo Ló|& dcavak óè

fóók aga kdca avıcıv' ^c~ ló|< Kagcı# ŗagıŔkıcı# Lacaıv#

Yovhnco# Yavıóvyog# ŗakŔae# ŗa}ıvaŔpı# Oypı# DŔakpı# Acfag#

Y~xag# @~cap Fdcavıgàg; Dvpa ló|< AvĔıe# Knvn#

Gaeag# Kı}Ŕak# Kdgıvap# Zak Fdcavıgàg; KoŔo ló|<

Kavaknynk# Dg nko apa Fa~cı# Lnpov~ Fdcavıgàg

dc~Ŕeakpa`ıv' F~ fdcav kngò oèog`n `n fúcóecnvn avıcıv'

Ka|akcavà kngò eoccnpogo# kúkógó# fd~g~# yd~g~ focenk

bnv fov nzca`ıg za|hnèocen| fov húvnzo dcavak focogov' &AvĔı

apae Nv Póvk fo| Ka|ak backıeı|& "Nyko apae Nv Póvk# fo|

Ka|ak fd~gàgı|/' &Lnpo apayıg focenhng# lnpoeòkpog

fnchoyo& "_nò apayıgı focenenk npoecoĔog oŔavnpoòv/'

@dcaıyıca# Ka|akcav pavob fd~gia bnv gn kaàv |dv

`úgnecnv hnèovyn `n# kngò yd~g~# kúkógó boè fov |aeag

~g~peaeıŔcav`ıv' Fd~g~# yd~g~ focenk nzcocokcn `n

ochocoòv' Èdk nyko`ng hncng fov hncngnk bacng

yóv`óvócenkpnòv' Nzcngnink koŔocnv# nò k~Ŕak oèog`n dcag

akvafacav fovfovcnvocn ayca nzcngnen|cnv' F~gàg `dcaı à

Ka|akcavà akvafa nzcocoĔog`ng kagakcagag yakap èdi~k

`dĔ~ecavıga }nk vaypcagea|'

Ka|ak hncngnĔogn húvn fov aàeıg óè ~v`~ dc~v<

Ú| l~vpı "kngò ~v`~/# gaĔaŔı l~vpı "aggngog akvafa pavaj ı/

zn haıg l~vpı "kavıyıgıg akvafa pavaj ı/' F~ óèó `n akıg

akvafacav`ıv' Ng akıg dcag f~ akvafacav &aĔaıg&# &p~xoy&#

&ocoh&# &laeaĔae&# &lnklap&# &l~vaĔap&# &q~àgàb& hofo

pnvoecnvcn oja`n nòcov' Akvafacav# aocno pd}c~e oèog`n àbadvhago|n bacn hnpovng agı aggn# fafa zn èdi~kcavı

paeaecaıiı ~gy~vcavàg`ıv' Bnv Ka|ak agı aga zn

fafaàg kngòyog`ng úgin `dĔag nvknĔn (aĔafn&# kı|a

(afca( `nenyo aggn zn fafayıgıg akıgcavıga fapı

pd}c~ecavıgà dc`~Ĕ~ hofo a`cavıca `nĔoc akvafacık a`cavıca

bopa} npenyo hncngnkync ú|nccokcnvoeo|`ngòv' Ka|akcavà akvafacık a`cavı Ŕ~gcav`ıv< apa "`n`n/#

æln "fafaaggn/# ækn "fafa/# ŔnŔn# aga "aggn/# apa%aga "fafa%

aga/# aĔa "aĔafn/# a}a# à}kn "afca/# eo "nvknk kav`nŔ/#

qaggày "kı|kav`nŔ# aĔafn kı|kav`nŔogn yúcnvkng/# yogoco"kı|kav`nŔ# afca kı|kav`nŔogn yúcnvkng/# faca "èdi~k/# ~c

"dĔcag/# qı| "kı|/# gnenvn "pdv~g/# Ŕúfnvn "pdv~g~g èdi~Ĕ~/#

Ŕú}Ŕnk "pdv~g~g pdv~g~/# gnengn "Ŕú}ŔnĔog èdi~Ĕ~/# gaĔaŔı

"aggngog akvafacavı/# gaĔaŔı apa "aggn fafayı/# gaĔaŔı a}a

"aggnaggn/# gaĔaŔı aĔa "àı/# gaĔaŔı æ}kn "pn|n/# long

"nĔng/# longŔav "nĔngog èdi~Ĕ~/# `nhngŔav "nĔngŔagg

èdi~Ĕ~/# kúhngŔav "`nhngŔagg èdi~Ĕ~/# lóvnlap "kúhngŔavıg

èdi~Ĕ~/# p~xalap "lóvnlapıg èdi~Ĕ~/# lnghn "nghn/# kncog

"hncog/# afıyıg "ncpo/# fúcn "k~|ng/# q~à "nvknk `ógóv/#

q~àho "ka`ıg `ógóv/# q~à faca "`ógóvóg dĔc~/# q~àya



:8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

"'`ógóvóg kı|ı/# qaıg apa "kagapa/# qaog ngn"kagaga/# qae aĔa "fóók kaıg/# qaog fokn"fóók fac`ı|/# qaog ogo "kóèók kaıg/# qaog yogóo"húvóein/# fac`ı| "fac`ı|/# fala "faiagak/# kónx

"hózn/# ln|`n "ngoŔpn/'Apa "`n`n/< Nzcap oèog fafagıg fafayı# back

dgcava &akyakac& òn bopa} n`nv' Dgcava bnv |aeagfaŔkúŔn`n nv znvo} yahı húypnvocov' Dgcavıg úgóg`ngo|ogyo| hnèocen|' Back `óŔóginyogn húvn &Axocıgàqavpıg fdcya la|ı} qdhag bap}ng png& "Kúóg`n aŔcı fovoyo dc~vya a|ıceıŔ bap ocn `ngkpov/' Apa; pd}c~e~gfovcoĔogo# òvcoĔogo yaĔcaeakpa úgneco vdcó dcag# pd}c~eoèog oo òcnkcnv`n f~c~g~}# dgcavıg àgıŔeagcıĔıgı a}ag~c~ aàe`ıv' Hngècnv apagıg pnivófnyog`ng avavcagı}#dgcavıg baıv `~ayıgı acıvcav' Ógcó koŔocnv# a`ıgcava yú|

znvòĔog`n# dgcav kngò yú| yıvayıgı akyakaca znvovcnv'Èógkó fóókcnvn yahı; Ka|akcavıg ng hó|nchncngnkcnvog`ng fovoòv' &Apacı yú|# fapacı yú|& "Apagıgyú|ó# baıvcı yú|`óv/# &Ayqav paxà ayıc kú}# apacı yú|`naqıc kú}& "_ókynk àĔcavà `nĔnvco paŔ èdk# apagıgyú|óg`n akıc èdk/# Apagıg yú|ó% aqocòg kú|ó "Apagıgyú|ó% akoe hú|ó`óv/ &Bacıqpe qavpıg yocaxo% ncogogyacpı yvcaxo "Backıg fóókcnvn yahı húypnvenyo %pd}c~e~g hncngnĔogn yahı húypnvenyoòv/'

Fov kún zna fov enecnknpn hoòcòĔo |aeagúgin dvaàko apaı |oavnp nò}# yncae znvocencoòv'

Apaa dcag ynzho zn bóvenpo Ŕ~ eıyvaàg àba ooagcavı|'

''''''''''''Aqyaqacàv% bacqoegog knenghnvo#La}ıvaeıg laqacphag neng`nvo'Bacıhpı ıgpıeahha fovokpovo}#Fovcok fdcyıg avqayag nhng`nvo'

Àln "Fafaaggn/< Fafagıg aggnyo' Pd}c~e~g#fd~g# aocngog fópógcóĔógó `óŔógng back agayı`ıv' Ælnhncngnk húvngnkcnvo kdv~~}# hncnink k~Ŕakcava dgcavı

úĔvnpng# hngècnvn úenk dcag# baı

v `~acavı

n`ng yahı

gogyag`ıv' Nzcapcavı fóókaggnyogog av|~cavıgı# oypnkcnvogoe~pcaka nvogn hnpovenyo hnvnkov' Pdv~g oèog ng eobvofagogyag fóókaggnòv' Fóókaggngog goggoyo# ~e~Ŕaiıknb# yıiak húgcó# pneo| kacfo pdv~g oèog fóók fov Ŕnjkappov'Pagıyıg pagıeayıg ogyagcav fóókaggnn yncae znvo}yahı húypnvenyo hnvnkov' Fóókaggngog baıv `~acavı àpóe ogyag oèog pnfvokpov' Fóókaggngog aŔı# pnvpneo|kacfo# oocoĔo fo|n gayo} dcy~g òn back dgcavaynzhocnvogo focòvov' Ógcó Ŕaov Kaòv Eıv|aconz(og &Æln&bakkıgàko Ŕoovo f~g~ èdk hó|nc oja`n npenkpnòv'

Ayıc ælne# Ĕayıv ælne añyaĔag#YaĔıgıŔıe%yavı dveagà yaeĔaĔag'

Ækn fdb} lóvhngoeò ~eıpı}#Æco kóghn nvkncneog eng yaĔag'

Q~cıgàeog ayıv yacĔag agĔavà#

Qd|eàeog dgaqpahag acfavà'Ú|og favà qoyoceaeog kócóxhn#Lıcaxha a qıyıceaeıg yng favà'

Eng ú|oggng qafocà}}og yóóxò#Eng ú|oggng hafıcà}}ıg kóóxò'Yngog lagıg lûvnhoen dvaxcı#Engog lagıe laxcıĔıga póóxco'

P~va p~vŔı pó|nchng`n f~|ıĔıg#Lóvn p~vŔı lacĔagà ó|oĔog'EaĔag àxcnp gnhn knvnk# aq æln%ax#

Ú|og fovhn kúvn aceayag qı|ıĔıg4!"c/

Àkn%ŔnŔn # apa%aga "Fafa zn aggn/<Kngògo úevn hnpovng kavı%kdia ogyagcav' Bnv fov dĔcagzn kı| aggn fafayıga ydgy~| fdvèc~`~v' Nzcapcav aggnfafacavıga ú|nc yahı húypnvov' Dgcava kavŔı hncen|#dgcavı ogiopen|# yúcnòkcnvogo nvogn hnpovov'

Fafa# èdi~Ĕ~g úgóg`n ókynk àĔ hofoóinòv' Dgcava akıc znvo}# `dĔv~ dc húypnvng# úĔópyúcno}# nĔopoe znvng ogyag`ıv' Fafa bnv |aeagàzvagıŔcavıca# yú|cnvocn# póe bavnknpcnvocn

èdi~kcavıga úvgnk dc~v' Dg~g |nghog oè `ógayı èdi~Ĕ~g~ }dcap hofo fnvk# ènzok hofo yaĔcae dcavaknpoŔpovov' &Ækn%nv# aga lohnv# fov ó`n nko kdenólnv&"Fafa; nvòv# aggn; hóèpóv# fov aocn`nko oko àboòv'&Dpfayıga hava} faca úynò# qavahaha qava} pacúynò& "Aocnn fakavak èdi~k fóóv# kava aĔaiafakavak àc fóóv/' &Faca pævfon fayeag# agfnkknfaxc~x layıgag& "Èdi~k nĔopoeo faŔpag# èacıŔeaaacıŔpıveak kóèókpng/# &Aq lóvnk ækn% q~ey~xaq# aq lóvnk aga% aqf~caq& "Pneo| kac}co fafa; hógnŔ hofoòv# pneo| kac}co aggn; }ıgav hofoòv/ hofo yú|cnvèdi~k nĔopoeog`n fafa zn aggngog húvnzogog gn kaàvúgneco dc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvenkpnòv' Back `óŔóginyognhúvn &Ækn`ng avpoq dveaq ldq# ækn`ng avpoq àga ldq#ækn`ng avpoq àga ldq& "Fafaàg óypóg b~|~v dk#fafaàg óypóg fochog dk# fafaàg óypóg yıĔıgak dk/'Fafa bakkıgàko Ŕ~ back Ŕoovogn fov hú| apacıe;

Ækn nhng% fook Ŕıñı aàegıñ#Ækn nhng% póvnho Ĕd Ĕacaegıñ'Ækn nhng% fdıgà aqqag qagıñ à#Yoqqag pnhoñ# dc%gnho|oñ# lagıñ à'Gn `nynñ `n ækn ldcı fov fúcnk#Qaà lóvyng qdcpıĔıñgag p~v~ nen}'

GaĔı| ækn aqochd `n ayqav lag#Favcıq ~v}aq ækncnv`ng faypacĔag



:2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Qagà qoefap yú| nò ækn `nhng# Ækn neny }n úyıvo}# eæ}ncnhng' Æknyo fav facacav fdca`ı nvkn# Ay}agàĔı a`ı à a}nv `nhng'

Aqocengng pnvng dca} qavayaq# Ækn `nhng% ac`ıñàĔı }avayap' Úeovoñgoñ úŔ}n eæñho o|`nvo# Avpıgı|àg nvn fnvyog fdcayaq' Aggn èdi~kcavı pavaj ıgàg èdk ynzocng# èdk óypóg

p~p~cag ogyag`ıv' Aggngog ak yópó k~pyac`ıv' Èdi~k oèog

`ógaà aggn`ng óypóg# aggn`ng `nĔnvco boè koeyn dkp~v'

@dcaıyıca póe èdi~kcav aggno faŔ paiı n`nv' &Agagıg

ac`ıga ayqav paxà acaya& "Aggngog agıgà ókynk àĔ focn

kóèók kacıv/# &Agayıga qava} qo|og ac& "Aggnyogn fak kı|ıgı

ac/# &Agagıg yóhng lnvo úpqa à kóenò# agagıg yóhng

lnvogn aq pa poenò& "Aggngog ú}póĔó nv apnŔn `nagea|# aggngog ú}póĔó nvn k~vŔ~g à hoven|/# &Æga%

lavaĔa laqovaq& "Aggn# avaa ocaèpıv/# &Agagıg acaqago% aq

eaqpa& "Aggngog nco ng ~e~Ŕakpıv/ hofo yú|cnv aggnn dcag

ydgy~| ynzhogog oja`nyoòv' Bnv fov aggn aocngog b~|~v aŔaeayıgı# póe diaĔıg

e~pc~c~Ĕ~g~# ~vp oèog`n favıŔ dceayıgı òcnv' Kngò

èdi~kcavıga (acpıgıe "acpıgıe/# Ĕayıc lncnk lavqıgıe "nŔoc

ncnkco a`ıgcıĔıe/# }aca}agıe# fdpae# q~c~goe# lagıe

"azv~e# iagıe/# ay}agàĔı l~c`ı|ıe "húkpnko ıc`ı|ıe/#

kógoe "hógnŔoe/( ònvnk# dgcavı yaĔcıkcı# ~|~g úeóvcó

dceayıgı Accab(pag òcnv' Kngò nzcapcavı oèog iagıgı focn jnàn`nv' Aggn bakkıgà }nk èdk Ŕoovcnv a|ıcı}# póvkócnv#

Ŕavkıcav yúcngeoŔpov' F~ga à fov úvgnk znvncoe< @ógngog lagq kógo% agaeı|# Lavoq kóggng q~xap acĔag yagaeı|' ^cı fdcyaq% agaengng ~cıeı|# @aga fdcyaq% agaengng àgaeı|' Úeovhn eıga fo|ò aca kachag# @ógn qıefap nkng agaengng' @ógn qı|ıq nkng lag%lavıñeng# @ógn pæppo nkng Ĕd facaengng'

Aga `nĔng%úeovoegoñ kaxyav f~caĔı# Aga `nĔng% povŔocokpog Ŕ~Ĕıcacı Ŕ~xaĔı' Aga `nhng% pnñ`nyo ldq ~cıcıq# Kú| ac`ıeà p~cĔañ fook p~va`ı! &Facae aeag fdcyıg& `n} kú| ocenhng' Q~xap ac`ıg# agalag# ú|oñ gn`ng' Aàeàvàg laqyıcıq kópn aceaeıg% Aga lóvnk enovog póyogfnhng' P~xhag gn fov àgagı# P~xhag gncnv acı}pı! Qaòvcnok Agagı! Qaypnvcnok bacıqpı!

Agagıñ q~p%fnvnkn æv a`ıeı# Yn|ocnv æv oyogng àvacıĔı' Aga% úeov# Aga%faqıp# Aga%lóvnk# PıvŔocokpoñ h~eovcıq àgacıĔı' Ka|akcav(à aggn zn fafa ng `nĔnvco ogyag`ıv'

Pd}c~e fafaa &dpaĔayı& "aocn aĔayı/# aggnn &l~faı&#

&|aıfı&# &ænpo& "bagıe/ òn bopa} n`nv'

Faca "èdi~k/< Aggn zn fafaàg `dĔag nzcapcav'

Yd fakıeıgàg dĔ~c zna kı|' Pd}c~e# èdi~kcavı dcag aocn

e~pc~ aocn òn `óŔógóv' Èdi~kcavıg aggn zn fafacavı

&o|fayav& "hncnink/# &e~vahnv& "eovayèı/# &qdcqagapoe((

"kdc~e kaga`ıe/# &a|aeapıe& "hóióe k~zznpoe/# &kú|

q~xagıyıe& "hú|fnfnĔoe/# &faqıpıe& "e~pc~c~Ĕ~e/#

&qı|ıĔıe& "bnvŔnoe/ òn dgcavı ynznv zn dgcavàg boè fov

Ŕn nyovhnen|cnv'

Ka|akcav# fafayıgı# aggnyogo (}çv( nvogn kdag fov~c~yp~v' HncngnĔn húvn èdi~k yd~g~ fafayıgàg# òcogo

agayıgàg acıv' Èdi~kcav baapı fd~gia aggn zn fafayıga

ynzho# yahı húypnvnvnk fakavcav' Èdi~kcavıg avayıgàko ng

kóèók nvknk èdi~k oyn fafa zn aggnyogog nvogo acaiak

dc`~Ĕ~ oèog dgcava àba à fdvèc~`~v' Hncngnkpn aŔcı fafa zn aggn dĔc~g~g fóók

èdi~Ĕ~g~# ago fóók pdv~g~g~g "kı| zna dĔcag

javknpen|/ kngògn nzcap dcavak acı}# &kóèók dĔc~e&#

&kóèók kı|ıe& ònvnk fakı} fóópóv' Èdi~Ĕ~g fafa zn

aggnyo dgcava kav`nŔ hofo àzvagıv' Avpık d `n`nyogogèdi~Ĕ~`~v'

Èdi~kcav aocn`n# kóèók aŔpag opofavng nĔopocov'

Aggn zn fafa dgcava goggo yúcnv# eayac agcapıv# focenin

ydvav# apayú|cnvo úĔvnpov# fova| fóóógin dgcava ncog`ng

oŔcnvo a}eaa acıŔpıvıv' Ka|akcavà &facagı fny layqa `nog

bagà kúpnv# dg fny layqa `nog q~cà l~eya# dg fnypng

ævo dgıeng `dyıñà aqocày& "Èdi~kcava fnŔ aŔıga kaàv

&Bakag& hofo fak# dg fnŔ aŔıga kaàv èacıŔeaa acıŔpıv#

dgfnŔ aŔıgàg ydgva avkaàŔ hofo àgıŔ/ hofo apayú|ó

f~c~geakpa`ıv' Nvknk èdi~Ĕ~g envp# iny~v# &Ynho| kıvcı# fov

yıvcı& "npngnkco# èdk úgcó/ npoŔpovocenyogn fóók úgne

znvov' "ÚvgnĔog oo apa fogenk# `defva èacı}# Ŕavkı

yúcnenk# hóvnŔenk# oo kdg~Ŕeak# apıŔeaı focenk# fochoco

dceak# aĔıv faŔcı dceak zf'/' Nvknk èdi~Ĕ~ diak yabofo#

nzca`ıg# yd~g `nzaeiıyı dcavak yaıcıv' Ka|akcavà kı|ıg nvo faefaŔka`ıv' Kı|

fóóógin pd}c~e~ hó|nccnŔpovov òn kı|cavıga yahı

húypnvovcnv' Aocn oèog`n zna ènzvn`n kı|cava#

kı|kav`nŔcnvogog agıgà faĔıvı} èaĔıvea|cav# dgcavı boèfov

|aeag `úzen|cnv' Kı|cavı nŔoĔn dp~vpea|cav# dgcavı nc

óypóg`n p~pavcav' Ng hó|nc hoyocnvo# ng hó|nc



:?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

zn ng oo kdŔag apcavıgı kı|cavıga zna kı|kav`nŔcnvognbnòn n`nvcnv' Fov fd~g nzcngòvocng kı|ı hngè znaaŔcı dceayıga fakeaàg# d fd~g akvafacavı dga (kı|&òn bopa} n`nvcnv' Fóókcnv oyn# &kı|ıeı|&# kóèókcnv

&afcaeı|& ònvnk ú|nc yahı húypnvo}# yncae znvov' Kı|nzcngyn `n kngò yda`ıgı paŔıv# èógkó yd `nenk# fovapaàg hncng koeyncnvog pd}c~c~Ĕ~# yócacnòv'

Aocn`n kı|cavıg nĔopoeo `n úgneco nvaceakpa`ıv' Kı|cavıgı nz oŔcnvogn acıŔpıvavak# dgcavı ocnvo`nko aocn baapıga ba|ıvcavcav' FaŔka fov diaĔahnèen`ng# ago nzcngen`ng úgin kı|cavıga nenka}ea# òkoŔ òken# oŔcnen# úvhó úven# zf'# nz zn ncoŔcnvogo úĔvnpovcnv' F~g~g `ıŔıgà kı|ıg àzvagıŔı àúgnecoòv' Kdg~Ŕeayı# hócóŔó# óvóóŔó# dp~v~Ŕ~#kackıŔı# èa kdea hofo bavnknpcnvo hó|nc# kı|a akıŔıv

Ŕnkoc`n dceayı hnvnkov' Ka|ak kı|cavı Ŕavkı yúcnnfocov# `defva èacafocov# Ŕoovcnv dk~afocov znnvknkcnvcn fovcokpn apıŔea a}afocov' &Kı| k~x~x&# "kı|anpoŔenk/# &Acpıfaqag― "yacıgiak/ hofo eocco y}dvd~gcavıga kapıcafocov#

Ka|ak pavobog`n fochog# óypóg npngnk yabofo zniny~v dcag }nk èdk ka`ıga vaypcagıv' Nyko`ng zn akıghnèeoŔpn ógcó dcag Ka|ak ka`ıg zn kı|cavıgàg# úvgnĔogKafcag`ı Kabvaeagıg akıccı kavıyı K~vpka# fnypnio zn`defva d~gi~y~ @oga E~v}noydza# Ŕaov Yava# 1?0>%1?0? @dĔ~ Póvkoypag(ıg faŔkngpo ^v~eèo FóókŔnbov

Fncnòn FaŔkagı Kaòxag f~ bagıecavàg`ıv' OO'@óga YazaŔıgà Ŕnbop dcag zn Dvpa AyaI~eb~vonpcnvog`ng èıkag (kı| kabaveag( dcavak pavobnhnèng EagŔ~k Eaenpdza zn Acoa Edcàh~cdza àKa|akcavıg h~v~v~`~v'

Hógóeó|`n hnèeoŔpnko hofo Ka|akcavkı|cavıgı óincpnvnk# dgcavca h~v~v `~~dvcav'I~eb~vonpoeo|`n fogcnvin fochog# `dkpdv# yagapèı#úĔvnpeng# `nzcnp aàeı dcag kaècavıg oyoecnvogo póepd}c~e focov'

Ka|akcavıg kı|cavıga znvòĔo úgneo Póvkon zn

~vp `ıŔıgà ókynk úĔvnpoe húvenk oèog hncngúĔvngiocnvog avıyıgıg kı| dceayıgàg àba ooagcaafocovyogo|' Ka|akcav kı|cavıgı# hncngnkpnkoagacav# fov ydgvako k~Ŕakcavıg nĔopoeioyo òn`óŔógnvnk# dgcavı akıccı# oo kac}co# fochoco# kócpóvcó#èacıŔkag dcavak nĔopenkpnòv'

Gnenvn "pdv~g/; Fov koeynn húvnèdi~Ĕ~g~g èdi~Ĕ~' Pdv~g# `n`n zn fóók aggn oèogèdk yıiakpıv' ÈdĔ~gc~kca dgcav ock pdv~gcavıgı kngòcnvo acı}# &kngò èdi~Ĕ~e~|& `çn fóópóv'D|agcav n`n ocn pdv~g bakkıgà Ŕúcn odv;

Apa engng gnenvn% aaqpaceay fov nypag'

Nknxogn knvnho% aŔıq fdcyag g~vcı ay}ag#

Facaggag pappo % nò gnenvn#

EaĔag akı yng úeov`n púcnenHóc yıakpı acaqageng aaca}Kóg yıaqpı kúpnvneog púfnen'

F~ eıyvacav à `n`n ocn pdv~g avayıgàko

ynzhoyogo focòvenkpnòv'ŗúfnvn "pdv~g~g èdi~Ĕ~/< _aŔcıcavoèog &Ŕúfnvn&gog nvo ú|ncòv' HncngnĔn húvn&Ŕúfnvn&gog az~i~ga y~ kdavak oèenk# ng fóóke~pc~c~kp~v' ŗúfnvngog èdi~Ĕ~ &Ŕú}Ŕnk&# Ŕú}Ŕnkogèdi~Ĕ~ &gnengn& on oyoecngòvocov'

_nò k~Ŕak oŔpn "`n`n# fafa# èdi~k# pdv~g#Ŕúfnvn# Ŕú}Ŕnk# gnengn/ fúcnòv'

Kav`nŔcnv zn EovayKa|akcavà ng fóók èdi~Ĕa &p~ghıŔıe&#

dgàg ydgvakocnvn &dvpagŔı&# ng kóèók èdi~Ĕ~ga

&knglng& `nvcnv' AĔafncnvo nzcngòkpng aggn zn fafa#eovayı à dga `nzvn`nv# dg~g diaĔıga &qavaŔañıvaq&#"ago fóók diak/ òn yahı húypnvov' @oĔnvkav`nŔcnvo d diaĔıg bnv |aeag av`ıeiıyı dc~v'F~gàg úgin aggn zn fafa èdi~kcavıgı nzcngòvo}#dgcava ~za k~v`~kpag ydgva kngò zavcıĔıga húvn&ngŔo& "boyyn/ znvov' &NgŔo& èdi~kcava hnvnkco eaceóck fúcó} znvenk `nenkpov' F~ à eovay yaıcıv'Fafa zn aggn aŔavkng &ngŔo&yogo acag èdi~kcav# dgcavúc`ókpng ydgva pnkvav eovay acea|cav' Ya`nin bapıva oèogfnĔngocng hooe# knenv hofo kdca nykoennink fov

Ŕncnv acı

v' Nzcngòvocng kı

|ı

gı

g à ngŔo acea bakkı

zav`ıv' Dg~g ngŔoyo oko póvcó hnvènkcnŔpovocov' FovogioyonzcngòĔo |aeag kı|a aggn zn fafayı `~v~ecavıgahúvn nz nŔacavıgı paeaecav# ap# ognk# `nzn hofo fóókfaŔ bazagcav znvov# }abacı# `nĔnvco pakıcav y~gav#ènbı|cnv a}av' Ľkogioyo# kı| nzcngòkpng fov zna fovkaè a hnèpokpng ydgva# fafa zn aggnyogo |oavnpnhncov' D |aeag fafayı zn aggn ngŔo znvov' D kı| àydgva pnkvav eovay pacn} npen|'

Fafa zn aggn yaĔkng kngò ncocn ngŔoznvnen|yn# d |aeag yaĔ dcag fov akıgcavı èdi~kcavı fovavaa hnpovo} dgcavca húvóŔnvnk ngŔo fúcnv' NgŔofúcenyog`n agcaŔea|cık dc~vya# kúóg akyakaccavı zna yú|ó hnèng fovoyo f~ oŔn kavıŔıv# dgcavı ngŔogog nŔopfúcógenyog`n av`ıeiı dc~}# dgcavıg fovfovcnvocn oohnèogenyogo yaĔcav' Dg~g oèog Ka|akcav avayıgà eovayàzayı bneng bneng dk hofoòv'

AĔa "AĔafn/< Fov koeyngog kngòg`ngaŔèa fóók dcag nvknk kav`nŔo Ka|akcavà &Pdg lahayı| fdcea|# nc aĔayı| fdcea|' "pdg akayı| dcea|#back aĔafnyo| dcea|'/ Lıcıxı laha neny# kúenho ldkaha neny "yıiakcık p~peaag aka yaıcea|# av`ıe

npenng aĔafn yaı

cea|'/ &ĽgoŔo fav`ı

g pı

gı

yı

fav# aĔayı

fav`ıg laĔayı fav & "Kóèók kav`nŔog dc~vya



8=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

gnjny acıvyıg# aĔafnog dc~vya av`ıe acıvyıg/ hofo#apayú|cnvo aĔafnog pd}c~eàko nvogo agcapeakpa`ıv'

A}a# à}kn "afca/< Fov koeyngog kngòg`ngfóók dcag kı| kav`nŔo afca aga zn fafayıgı# póekav`nŔcnvogo àba à èdk `óŔógóv# dgcava av ıeiı

dceaa èacıŔıv' Afca bakkıgà back póvkócnvog`n àbaoo oŔcngeoŔpov'

A}aeàyıñ# yng engoñ ú}kne`nyoñ#Laqog fdcı} lagıea knpkng`nyoñ'Fov qavayae# eú}%eúcòv kúkpne`nyoñAgyag axıv p~va`ı axıcıea#Aq gonpog aeahag faxıvıga'Eúcòv f~caq y~xıgà lagı pa|a#Faqıp qaga pocnò qaxıeıga'Enovo edc aqlavhıg ú}kncnvoe#

fav úgnhn ú|oñeng a} kncneog'Ldcıea faqop pocn} kncnyoñ`nv#Lnpncn} lnkngog`n aq knengoñ'

Kncog làgn lnñhn "Hncog zn

nghn/< Fóókcnv oèog hncog# kóèókcnv oèog nghn'Hncog# kdiayıgıg kav`nŔcnvog`ng kaıg }n`nvogn# kaıgfova`nvogn kaàv póe akvafacavıga yahı húypnvov'Dgcavıg a`cavıgı à `dĔv~àg yúcnen|' Dgcavango`ng a` pakav' Hncogog ngo a` pakeacavıg gn kaàv|dv# ochogè zn hó|nc fov hncngnk dc`~Ĕ~g~ fov úvgnkcnagcapaiaĔı|'

Nyko`ng fov aàeıg èdk yaıà dĔc~ znakvafayı zaveıŔ' DĔ~ccavıg a`cavı à &F~cakfa&"]ıgavfa/# &KaeıŔfa& "KaeıŔfa/# &KdŔıfa&"Èdfagfa/# &Qayqıvfa& "Kavakfa/# &QıcıŔfa&"Kıcıèfa/# &Pn|nkfa& "Pn|nkfa/(eıŔ' &Kıcıèfa&aincn ocn nzn hncovkng# }ıgavàg y~ aceaa hncng hncognvaypcav' &Kıcıèfa& hncogo húvógin; &Hncogoe# yng bnengnzn bafnv znv# }ıgavıg úfóv pavaj ıgà kaeıŔıg f~pavaj ıgà fov kd~ga k~vp yac`ıveıŔ# Pn|nkfa fıèak ocnfocn paŔı hnpovo}# kd~g~ knyyog# fng k~v`~ akacaeaa

hoòdv~e `neoŔ' D |aeag hncog nzn fakavak; &N#Ŕıvıcàeagıg úfóv pavaj ıgà# bıŔıvàeagıg f~ pavaj ıgà#encnenn ~c~ea yac`ıveıŔ# èaf~k knyko ocn focnenohnpovo} encneno knyyog# fng k~v`~ akacaeaahoòdv~e& `neoŔ' D |aeag hncog nzn fakavak# &Nŗıvıcàeagıg úfóv pavaj ıgà# bıŔıvàeagıg f~pavaj ıgà# encnenn ~c~ea yac`ıveıŔ# èaf~k knyko ocnfocneno hnpovo} encneno knyyog òdv' &Knykog& ònfaĔıveıŔ# f~vaà |nko hncog &]ıgavfa&# &KaeıŔfa&#&Èdfagfa&# &K~vpfa&# &Fıèakfa&# &Kavakfa&#&Kıcıèfa&# &Pn|nkfa& a`cavıgıg nvogn &ŗıvıcàea&#

&BıŔıvàea&# &Encnen&# &^c~ea&# &Knyko&# &Focnen&#&Knykog& on oja`n npeoŔ' Akvafacavıg

oyeo f~c~gag f~ dcaı hncog akıccıia agcapafoceoŔ' F~ nykohncngnk Ka|ak fd|kıvcavıgà baca yóvenkpnòv'

Hncogog vdcó èdk úgnecoòv' Hncog oo oyn póeaocngog# akvafacavıgıg fnvnknpogo yaĔcaı}# ng ynzocngkoŔo dc~v'

_nghn dcavak# kngòyog`ng kóèók dcagkdiayıgıg kav`nŔcnvogn Ŕaka a}av# dgcavca yaeoeodc~v' Dgcava èdk yahı n`nv# kngò oyoecnvocnèaĔvıcea|# dgcava &yıvĔacıe& "kó}nioĔoe/#&ŔaŔfaxcıe& "h~vŔaŔcıe/# &nvkn faca& "ga|cı èdi~k/#&eov|a lohop& "Ŕık oĔop/# &hacoe faca& "acoe èdi~k/#&fd lnpkngoe& "hó|nc kı|ıe/# &kócoe kú|oe& "hócnvó|cóe/ hofo a` pakav'

_nghn# nyko`ng kı| zn `ncokagcıgıgpagıŔeayıgà kú}vó dc~}# fóók húvnz a}eıŔpıv'Dgcava aŔk yıvvıgı úĔvnpeoŔpov' @ncokagcı fov kı|ı

ynzòĔo |aeag úgin nghnyogn yúcnv# d ààgıŔeagcık a}ı}# akıc znvov' Kı| oyn# aggnyognyúcnenòĔo yıvvıgı nghnyogn aèav' @dcaıyıcanghngog nvo fóókpóv'

GaĔaŔı< Aggngog akvafa pavaj ıga &GaĔaŔı&`ngov' Dgcava GaĔaŔı apa "aggn fafa/# gaĔaŔı a}a"aggn aggn/# gaĔaŔı aĔa "àı/# gaĔaŔı ú}kn "pn|n/òn bopa} nòcov' GaĔaŔı# bnv |aeag nĔngogoga|cag`ıvı}# oypnòĔogo znvov' _nĔngcnvo `n gaĔaŔıyıgynzo}# yahı húypnvov'

Long "_nĔng/< Fovogn húvn kı|kav`nŔogogèdi~Ĕ~' D aggnaggnyo zn dgcavıg akvafacavıgaga|cagafocov' Bne `n npkoyo zav`ıv' _nĔng#gaĔaŔıcavıgàg fov Ŕncnv oypnòĔo |aeag dga znvenyohnvnkov' _nĔng ocn gaĔaŔı fovfovcnvocn èdk yaeoeo dc~v#boè fov |aeag fovfovogo kıykagea|# nĔngogogfaŔavıyıca h~v~v `~av' HncngnĔn húvn nĔngcnvoogiopen| zn dgcavı nc óypóg`n p~pav'

LongŔav< _nĔngog èdi~Ĕ~' D à fafayı hofonhngcok hncngnĔogo `nzae nppovov' Dg~g èdi~Ĕ~&`nhngŔav&# dg~g èdi~Ĕ~ &kúhngŔav&# dg~g èdi~Ĕ~

&lóvnlap&# dg~g èdi~Ĕ~ &p~xalap& on bopa} n`nvcnv'Q~à "Nvknk `ógóv/# q~àho

"ka`ıg `ógóv/< Fovoyogn húvn kavı kdiagıg fafayıga&q~à&# aggnyogn &q~àho& `nv' @ógóvcnv èdk `nĔnvco#bóvenpco ogyag dcavak faŔ kúŔn`n nv acıv' Dgcava ú|ncdcavak bazag "kd~g# àga# ap/ knyocov# oo aĔıvcagıv'@ógóvcnv f~ `ógaàg húèyn `n# dg~g `ógóvcók faĔı k~Ŕakpag k~ŔaĔa `nzae n`ninkpov' @dcaıyıca back&Kónx ló| lıc`ıq# q~à eıñ lıc`ıq& "@aeap ó| ıccık#`ógóv fog ıccıkpıv/'

Kónx "Hózn/< Fov kı|ıg aocnyog`ng dcag

fóókcnvn húvn kı|ıg kdiayı# àeap' Hózn# kavıyıgıgakvafacavıga yahı húypnvov' Kavıyıgıg afcacavıga&qaıg fokn&# kı|kav`nŔcnvo zn nvknk



81

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

kav`nŔcnvogn &fac`ı|ıe& òn bóvenp n`nv' Ka|akcav&]nhaefnv`n hóznogn yahı húypnveoŔ& òn dgcavayahı húypnvovcnv'

Ka|akcavà akvafacav avayı ocoŔkocnv èdkyaeoeo# ~~ec~`~v' Bnv |aeag fovfovcnvogo yaı}#fovfovcnvogn av`ıe n`nv' Aiıcavıgı# ynzogècnvogo kngòavayıgà }acaŔıv' Ka|akcavà aocn a}ıyı zn akvafacıkfaĔcagpıcavı bakkıgà fo| Ka|ak apayú|cnvog`ng àba ooagcaafocovo|'

Aggn zn fafa bakkıgàkoapayú|cnv<Apa%agaeqaòve# facacı fdcĔagà focnvyog# Agıq

`dypıg qa`ıvıg# ldcacı fdcĔagà focnvyoñ "Aggn zn fafagıgkıenpogo# èdi~Ĕ~g dc`~Ĕ~gà focovyog' Hnvènk `dyp~gkıenpogo# ojpova apıc`ıĔıgà focovyog/'

Apa%agañ`ı q~venppnynñ# yng `n ydgà

ohocok kúvnyoñ "Aggn zn fafaga bóvenp n`nvyng# yng `ndg~g hofo oocok húvóvyóg/'Apa%agagıñ aqıcı yava} lapqag ldceng pnñ#

Aqıc`ıgıñ aqıcı % yavqıceapıg kúceng pnñ "Aggn znfafagıg akıc ~}~|~g dc ocn `ngkpov# akıccıgıg akcı fopen| % pókngen| húc hofo `ngkpov/'

Apa%facagıg qdvĔagı "Fafa# èdi~Ĕ~gkacnyoòv/'

Apa kúvhng dq lagav# aga kúvhng pdg }oŔnv"Fafa húvng dk a}av# aggn húvng dg foènv/'

Apa%ayqav pax# aga%faxıvàĔı f~caq# faca% ldĔayıgàĔı q~vaq "Fafa; ókynk àĔ# aggn#

faĔvıgàko }ıgav# èdi~k; akayıgàko kaeıŔpıv/'Apaña gn qıcyag# ac`ıga ydc kncnv' "Fafaga gna}avyag faŔıga d hncov/'

Apa%agañ dpıvĔag óòñ púfnyogn Ŕıq}a "Fafazn aggngog dp~v`~Ĕ~ nzog aeıga èıkea/'

Apa facaĔa yıgŔı# nc nvhn yıgŔı "Fafa èdi~Ĕ~yıgav# back nvo yıgav/'

Apa úco} faca qacya# e~vapıña lnpkngo# Faca úco}apa qacya# dveagı knpkngo "Fafa úcó} èdi~Ĕ~g~gkaceayı# e~va`ıga ~caŔpıĔı`ıv# èdi~k úcó} fafayıgıgkaceayı# óeoògog kafdc`~Ĕ~`~v/'

Apaàg faca p~xav# apayıgıñ ldcıg q~xav

"Fafaàg èdi~k dĔav# fafayıgıg dc~g~ p~pav/'Apañgıñ facayı fdcea# aàegıñ facayı fdc

"Ya`nin fafagıg èdi~Ĕ~ dcea# póe backıg èdi~Ĕ~ dc/'Apagıñ nkkng aĔaŔı ~v}aqqa yda "Apagıg

òkpoĔo aĔaè nzcaà húchnòv/'Apayı laeag acĔagıg laeagà`ı# P~xıyı

laeng p~xhagıg laeagà`ı "Apayı kúpó dcag nŔogokúpócnv# yd~ kúpó dcag akvafayıgı kúpócnv/'

Apayı l~xag qaeŔı ~ypa} fı fd} knchng#Apayı kn`n qaeŔı aypıgà o fdc knchng "Apayı |nghogdcag kaeèı p~pavak fn dce~Ŕp~v# apayı jakov dcagkaeèı acpıgà kúcn dce~Ŕp~v/'

Apayı l~xaggıñ ax|o qavıy "Apayı |nghogogyú|ó hnènv/'

Apayı fav qavpaeaò "Fafayı dcagaŔcagea|/'

Apayı

lnv lı

vpa focenhnggogñ# facayı

p~qı

eynfn foceny "Apayı pd}vaĔı yóvnenngog# èdi~Ĕ~pdb~e nknen|/'

Apayı| ó%fapayı|# agayı| ó%}agayı| "Apayı|nz# `~ayı|; agayı| nz# kdv~geayı|`ıv/'

Apayı| ~c`ıñ ax|ı óckng "Apayı| dĔc~g aĔ|ı fd|~kp~v/'

ApaĔa facagıg ac`ıĔı ldq "Apaa èdi~Ĕ~gavıiacıĔı dcea|/'

Akn%a`ıg# aga%~a "Fafa# a`ıg`ıv; aggn#~za`ıv/#

Aknñ favà `dy pa}# apıñ favà ldc pa} "Fafagzavkng `dyp f~c# apıg zavkng dc f~c/'

Akngoñ paaĔı pay# ŔnŔngoñ paaĔı ay "FafagıgàaĔı paŔpıv# aggngog aaĔı aŔpıv/'

Aknyo p~vı} ~c yúcnhnggng fn|# ŔnŔnyo p~v~}qı| yúcnhnggng fn| "Fafayı zavkng dĔc~ kdg~Ŕeayıg#aggnyo zavkng kı|ı kdg~Ŕeayıg/'

Aknyo q~vàypıg facayı q~vày "Fafayı aŔıpdcagıg èdi~Ĕ~ à aŔıppıv/'

Aknyo yıcaeaĔag koŔogoñ facayı yıcaea`ı "Fafayıgı yaeaag koŔoo èdi~Ĕ~ à yaea|/

AgaĔa facagıñ acacıĔı ldq "Aggn èdi~Ĕ~g~

aıvp npen|/'Aga envoeo oŔoñò lıcıpa ı# kóg enovoeo

yıvpıñ`ı lıcıpa ı "Aga eobvofagcıĔı húgcó ıyıpıv# hógnŔ eobvofagcıĔı yıvpıgı ıyıpıv/'

Aga yópo fdcaĔa avo ay# ævo ne# nc enovo nvhn ævokóŔ# avo `ne "Aggn yópó èdi~Ĕa bne aŔ# bne ocaè# BackeobvofagcıĔı nvn bne hóè# bne edvac/'

Agacı facagıñ ú|o pdq# agayı| facagıñ kú|o pdq#"Aggnco èdi~Ĕ~g ú|ó pdk# aggnyo| èdi~Ĕ~g hú|ó pdkp~v/'

Agañ`ı enknhn óŔ avqaca} favyañà#qavı|ıgag q~pıca aceayıñ "Aggngo; Enkkn(n óè knvn

yı

vpı

gà húpóvyng n fdvi~g~ ú`nnen|yog/'Agagıg kúgoco facaà# facagıg kúñoco facaà'"Aggngog húgcó èdi~kpa# èdi~Ĕ~g húgcó `ıŔavıà/'

Aga laqyıcıĔıg axıvyañ focnvyoñ# qaıg laqyıcıĔıg qı`ıvyañ focnvyoñ "Aggngog oocoĔogo baypadc~vyag focovyog# kaıg oocoĔogo hn|nvyng focovyog/'

Agagıñ yópo fac# facagıñ poco fac "Aggngog yópófac`ıv# èdi~Ĕ~g òco `n fac`ıv/'

Agayı| úeov# yúghng kúeov "Aggnyo| úeóv#yúgng kúeóv`óv/'

Agagı acàx aqıeaqpıg oyo# agagı qdvcaxaxaggıñ oyo' "Aggno acàpeak abeaĔıg oŔo# aggnoaŔaĔıcaeak bazagıg oŔoòv/'



86

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Agayıg neo} faca ú|nv "Aggnyogo nenvnkèdi~k fóóv/'

Aga%ldvaĔa la}ıvaq "Aggn# avaa ocaèpıv/'Agagıñ yóhng lnvo dpqa à kóenò# agagıg

yóhng lnvogn dqpa poenò "Aggngog ú}póĔó nv apnŔn`n agea|# aggngog ú}póĔó nvogn k~vŔ~g à `nĔen|/'

Èdi~k# dĔcag zn kı| bakkıgàko apayú|cnvo<Facagı yıcax úyovnò# qav`ı qıcax úyovnò

"Èdi~Ĕ~ Ŕnjkap fóópóv# kav(ı ogin kav fóópóv/'Facae# facıe# facagıñ facayı# lagıe "Èdi~Ĕ~e

facıe# èdi~Ĕ~e~g èdi~Ĕ~ iagıe ıv/'Facae laqyı fdcyıg `nynñ Ŕnpkn aà# Apıe

laqyı fdcyıg `nyng kú} faca "Èdi~Ĕ~e oo dcy~g`nvyng faŔka ~và húg`nv# apıe oo dcy~g `nvyng èdkfaĔca/'

Facagıg laqyıyı qı|ıq# laeagı kóok "Èdi~Ĕ~gooyo ynzoeco# kúpóyó fnca`ıv/'

Facagıg pngpnk fdchagı óogng# lohoppog pngpnkfdcĔagı foogng "Èdi~Ĕ~g avaea| dceayı aocn`ng#oĔoòg avaea| dceayı ka`ıgàg`ıv/'

Faca apaàg p~xaò# aqoc ú|ogng p~xa`ı "Èdi~k apaàg `dĔav# akıc kngòg`ng `dĔav/'

Faca baveag óckng# aŔaea gavàg óckng"Èdi~k bakagàg fóók# aŔaea gavàg fóókpóv/'

Faca nypohngog apa`ı# kúvhngog oypnò"Èdi~k oŔoppoĔogo yúcnv# húv`óĔógó a}av/'

Faca l~hovoxò# lıĔıcıxàg óvngn`ı "Èdi~kkdŔeaı `óŔnvnk úĔvngov/'

Faca fdc~x }av| neny# ækn fdc~x }avı|

"Èdi~k dceak jav| `nĔoc# fafa dceak jav|`ıv/'Facacı ó fa|av# facayı| ó ea|av "Èdi~kc~

nz gnŔnco# èdi~ky~| nz ydĔ~kp~v/'Faca# facagıg oyo Ŕaca "Èdi~Ĕ~g oŔo avıe

aeacakpıv/'Faca layıgàĔıgı ~eıp}a`ı# pa| fayıgàĔıgı

~eıp}a`ı "Èdi~k kóèókcóĔóg`nkogo ~g~pea|# kncfaŔıgàkogo ~g~pea|/'

Apaàg faca p~xav# apayıgıñ ldcıg q~xav"Apaàg èdi~k `dĔav# apayıgıg dc~g~ p~pav/'

Apaàg lahyı ~c p~xya# ncogoñ qaeıg lnò#Apaàg laeag ~c p~xya# ncogoñ eacıg lnò "Apaàg oo

dĔcag `dĔavya backıgıg haeıgı ènknv# apaàg kúpódĔcag `dĔavya backıgıg eacıgı nv/'

Apagıg úy}ny ~cı# úgfny àx àxca`ı'"Apagıg aàe dceaaiak èdi~Ĕ~# dg~cea| àzaca~ĔvaŔıv/'

Æknco faca eaqpagyaq# æknyo| faca layqagaq"Fafacı èdi~k h~v~vc~ dc~v# fafayı| èdi~k ènkoghngdc~v/#

^c`ıñ kú|o laxà# qı|`ıñ kú|o faxà"DĔcagıg hú|ó `óŔeagà# kı|ıg hú|ó yóypn dc~v/'

^c`ıñ qıcıĔı pó|`n# qı|`ıñ qıcıĔı ó`n"DĔcagıg b~~ `ıŔavıà# kı|ıg b~~ nz`n agcaŔıcıv/'

^c`ıñ ~apı ækn`n# qo|`ıñ ~apı ŔnŔn`n"DĔcagıg gae~y~ fafaà# kı|ıg gae~y~ aggn`n/'

^cyı| qapıg Ŕóenkkn lavıeay "DĔc~ dceaagka`ıgà yóenk dcea|/'

^cıñ laqyı fdcyıg `nynñ# ~cı laqyoeng axıcàyfdc' Qı|ıe laqyı fdcyıg `nyng# qı|ı laqyıeng axıcày fdc"DĔc~e oo dcy~g `nvyng dĔc~ oo dcagca kdeŔ~ dc# kı|ıeoo dcy~g `nvyng kı|ı oo dcagca kdeŔ~ dc/'

^cıñ laqyo fdcya# kncogoñò qaıvav# Qı|ıg laqyı fdcya# k~xnıg qaıvav "DĔc~g oo dcya hncogogn yabo}èıkav# kı|ıg oo dcya àea`ıga yabo} èıkav/'

^cyı| óòñ eacı qaıvıcea|# qo|yo| óòñ lóho lııcea| "DĔ~cy~| nzog bazag yóvóyó pd}cagea|# kı|yı|

nzog nŔayı

à pd}cagea|/'Úyovyng nvkn }nv|ngppo yaqacıga lafıyav"Èdi~Ĕ~ ga|cı fóópóvyng yakacıga a}ıŔıv/'

Laqyı faca dcaĔıŔ# laeag faca pdcaĔıŔ "ooèdi~k óŔógeno ynznv# kúpó èdi~k d~g~ ynznv/'

Qı| faca æknyogn l~c`ı|# ŔnŔnyogn kóg "Kı|èdi~Ĕ~ fafayı oèog ıc`ı|# aggnyo oèog hógnŔpov/'

Qc| qıcıĔıeag kú}kn laĔa`ı "Kı|àzvagıŔcavıca bnvknyèn fnĔngocov/'

Qı| qıcıĔıeng yókoeò# ~c a`nfoengyókoeò' "Kı| àzvagıŔcavıca ynzoeco# dĔ~cpnvfonyocn ynzoeco dc~v/'

Qı| pocgfnhng qavfoı|fng pnñ "Kı| òcogenngkav}~| hofoòv/'Qı|Ĕa fnvhoyo| qapıg fav "Kı|a fn`nc ka`ıg

zav/'Qı|ı eogn|ò fdcyıg# ~cı úgnvco fdcyıg "Kı|ı oo

b~c~ dcy~g# dĔc~ bógnvco dcy~g/'Qı|ı fav axoc`ıñ qı`ıvı fav "Kı|ı dcag kúóg

bı|ıvı dc~v/'Qı| ı qavpŔa yıga# appı lohopŔn yıga "Kı|ı aŔcı

hofo yıga# apı oĔop hofo yıga/#Qı|ıggıñ facayı# facaàg pæppo agayı "Kı|ıeıg

èdi~Ĕ~# èdi~kpag papcı aggnyo/'

Qı|`ıñ kúvko%kooe "Kı|ıg húvkneohooeòv/'

Qı| ıñ kú|o qı|ıcà "Kı| yóycó Ŕncnvo ynznv/'Qı|`ıñ paeaĔı qıcà "Kı|ıg oŔpabı èdk

a|`ıv/'Qı|`ıñ eacı# qav`ıñ y~xı "Kı|ıg eacı kavıg

y~~ hofoòv/'Qı| ı nc úynkŔoc# nykoco kd úvnhng "Kı|cı kú

`nòkd`~i~# knèoco kd~g yóvóyó `~vea| dc~v/'



89

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Qı| q~gog`n qı| ıg favo laqyı# laeag qapıgqaàg ŔıĔa ı "Kı|cık hógóg`n kı|cavıg bn}yo oo# jngaka`ıg gnvn`ng èıkav/'

Lakyı qı| fovnx kncyn# nyok aŔav# laeag qı|fovnx kncyn púvhn qaŔav "Ľo kı| fovoyo hncòĔog`n

ka}ıı aèav# kúpó kı| fovoyo hncòĔog`n faŔ kúŔno acıv/'Laqyı qı|Ĕa ĔaŔık kú}# laqyo ayqa qayıq kúq "Ľo

kı|a aŔık èdk# oo aŔa kaŔık èdkp~v/'Faca pavfon fayıgag# nñfnkkn faxcax

layıgag "Èdi~k nĔopoeo faŔıgàg# èacıŔeaı úĔvnpenkkóèókpng/'

Laqyı loĔop ap qavı| aca`ı# laeag loĔop np qavı|aca`ı "Ľo oĔop ap fdvè acıv# kúpó oĔop np fdvè acıv/'

Laqyı loĔop axıvya# bafav acav `dyı kú}# laeag loĔop axıvya fav `dyı à ŔdŔıv kn} "Ľo oĔop baypacagıvyabafnv acag `dyp~ èdk dc~v# kúpó oĔop baypacagıvya dcag

`dyp~ a kdvkav/'Laqyı loĔop `dy o|`nò# laeag loĔop ay o|`nò

"oo oĔop `dyp avav# kúpó oĔop aŔ avav/Lahyı lohıop oykn ~epıcav# laeag lohop ayha

~epıcav "Ľo oĔop oŔn hovoŔov# kúvó oĔop aŔa hovoŔov/Qı|ĔagŔaqpıg hı|ı k~nxyo| qaca`ı "Kıykagè

fafagıg ho|o kdiayı| kacıv/'Lnpoe qı|`ıñ lnghnyo kú} "_npoe kı|e

nghnyo èdk dc~v/'ŗnŔnhn qava} qı| úynv# æknhn qava} ~c úynv

"Aggnn fakavak kı| fóóv# Fafaa fakavak dĔcag

fóóv/'Ka`ıg# bagıe zn hncogbakkıgàko apayú|cnvo<Qapıgyı| úpóx%qapn "Ka`ıgyı| hnèoe |dv`~v

"bapa`ıv//'Qapıg ldh# faca qaàg p~xa`ı "Ka`ıg

dceaıgia èdi~k gnvn`ng `dĔav/'Qapıg úcyn# facaĔa fapav# faca úcyn agaĔa

fapav "Ka`ıg úcóvyn èdi~Ĕa |dv# èdi~k úcóvyn aggnn|dv/'

Qapıg úpovok ap}a`ı# qaĔıy nypoò "Ka`ıgacag yúcnen| agcıŔ `~av/'

Qapıg`ı faypag# facagı laypag "Ka`ıgı faŔpag#èdi~Ĕ~ kóèókpng ncn ac/'

Æncòg ŔaŔı ~|ıg# aĔıcı qıyqa "Ka`ıgıg yaèı ~|~g akcı kıya`ıv/'

Qapıgı yavaggıg qa|agı qagaea| "Bagıeı ioevo dcagıg ka|agı kagaea|/'

Laqyı ænc óogn koyo kncyn lavhıcà} lóvnò "Ľobagıe nzogn fovoyo hncòĔog`n oo azvagıv/'

Laqyı anc úeovoñò ~|avpa`ı# laeag ancóypogn p~| avpa`ı "Ľo bagıe úevógó ~|apıv# kúpóbagıe óypógn p~| ókcnv/'

Laqyı anc# ovoy# laeag anc ~vıy "Ľo bagıe;

vı|ık# kúpó bagıe; kazha/'Laqyı fayıg layıvea`ı# laqyı ænc ayıg

layıvea`ı "Ľo ogyag faŔıe ho|cnen|# Ľo bagıe aŔıgı ho|cnen|/'

Laqyı qapıg laeag nvknkpo ayıva aca`ı# Laeag

qapıg`ı laqyı nvknk ayıva acea`ı "Ľo ka`ıg kúpónvknĔn fakafocov# kúpó ka`ıg oo nvknĔn fakaea|/'

Laqyı qapıg lavıggıg lahyıyıg ayıvav# laeagıg layıvav "Ľo ka`ıg avogog oocoĔogo avpıvıv# nkyokcoĔogoho|cnv/'

Laqyı qapıg qavpap}ay "Ľo ka`ıgaŔcag`ıvea|/'

Laqyı qapıg |ngnp# laeag qapıg fngnp "Ľoka`ıg |ognp# kúpó ka`ıg |abenppov/'

Achagı laqyo lohoppog avqayag oyog dñà`ı#achagı laeag lohoppog avqayag yægo fdcea ı "Bagıeı oooĔoòg bnv |aeag oŔo dc~gà ho`nv# bagıeı kúpóoĔoòg bnv |aeag oŔo hnvo `úgnv/'

Achagı laqyı lohoppog ıvıyı payav# Achagı laeag lohoppog p~xıyı qayav "Bagıeı oo oĔoòg vı|kı avpav#Bagıeı kúpó oĔoòg akvafayı kaèav/'

Qapıgı laeag lohoppog óo edca# k~nxo laeagqapogıg óo qdva "Bagıeı kúpó oĔoòg nzo en|av#kdiayı kúpó ka`ıgıgnzo abıv/'

Qapıgı ldq óòñ oŔo yóvkn# nvknĔo ldq óòñyıvpı yóvkn "Bagıeı dceaag nzog oèo havo}pov# Kdiayı

dceaag nzog `ıŔı havo}pov/'Lavıñ laqyı fdcya óòñ fnoy# lavıñ laeag

fdcya óoñ knoy "Kagg oo dc~vya nzog inggnppov#Kavıg kúpó dc~vya nzog en|av`ıv/'

Achag lavıñ laqyı fdcya# ~oñgng koŔo knp}ny#achag lavıñ laeag fdcya# Ŕıg `dyıñà aaĔı lnp}ny"Kavıg oo dc~vya nzog`ng eoyajov knyocen|# kavıg kúpódc~vya hnvènk dyp~gà hncen|'/

Ancò laeag `nynñ# agañ dgıñ oŔog`n"Bagıecavı kúpócnvyng aggng `n dg~g oèog`nòv/'

Æncòg kóŔo a|# acayı kú} "Ka`ıgıg hóió

a|# bocnyo èdkp~v/'Nvpn p~vĔag lohoppoñ ıvıyı avpıq# nvpn p~vĔag

æncòg fovoyo avpıq "Nvkng kackag oĔoòg vı|kı ja|ca#nvkng kackag bagıeıg fov oŔo ja|ca`ıv/'

Laqyı nvòñ oŔog`n acpıggag axıv yıv lapa`ı# laqyı æncòñ oŔog`n acpıg faypı ~c lapa`ı "Ľo nvog oèog`naĔıv yıv apav# Ľo bagıeıg oèog`n acpıg faŔcı dĔ~capav/'

Laqyı kncog# kncog# laeag kncog úcoe "oo hncoghncogòv# kúpó hncog úcóe`óv/'

Laqyı kncog q~vàyıñà fdcav# laqyı ~cıñyıvcayıñà fdcav "oo hncog avkaàŔıg hofo dc~v# oodĔcag yıvàŔıg hofo dc~v/'



80

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Kncog# kncog# kncogfaq# kncea lapı} yú|og faq"hncog# hncog hncogn fak# hncen`ng úgin yú|ógn fak/

Kncog laqyı fdcya gnenvnyo pappo "Hncog oo dc~vyapdv~g~ papcı dc~v/'

Kncoggoñ ~appı fdcya# fnvò q~à# kncogoñ ~apyı|fdcya# ~v`ı q~à "Hncogog gae~yc~ dc~vya znvò Accab#

hncogog gae~yy~| dc~vya z~v`~ Accab/ Kncoggoñ fnpog koe f~vıg aŔya# ydc ıypıq "Hncogog

ó|ógó koe úgin aèavya# d yıiak húvógóv/' @oĔnv Akvafacav Bakkıgàko Apayú|cnvo<AĔayı fav`ıñ laĔayı fav# ogoyo fav`ıñ pıgıyı fav

"AĔafno dcagıg `nypnkèoyo zav# kóèók kav`nŔo zav`ıg gnjnyozav/'

AĔa aàyya# ogo o| knynò "AĔafn dc~g~ŔaŔıvıvya# kav`nŔcnvo avav/'

AĔa æ`n}po fdcya# ogo æ`n}po' A}a aà}pn fdcya# yogoco æ`n}po "AĔafn pnvfonco dc~vya# nvknk kav`nŔo pnvfonco

dc~v' Afcayı pnvfonco dc~vya# kı| kav`nŔo pnvfonco dc~v/' Lnpo apayıg focenng# lopoecopog fnchoyo "_nò

apayıgı focenng# npoecoĔog oŔavnpoòv/' Long nc fdca`ı# eacı fdcya # Lnckn ay fdca`ı# aĔı fdcya "_nĔng akvafa`ıv# eacı dc~vya#_nckn aŔ dc~v# aĔı

dc~vya/' Apacaypag axıcày lahıg "^|akpako akvafaàg

akıgàko kdeŔ~ ooòv/' AĔaıñ`ı acpax fdcyañ# aàe pıenò# P~xva lóvynñ cnfo|og koenò "Akvafag èdk dc~vya# koeyn `dk~gea|# `dĔv~ oŔ a}avya#

caj ı

g fdŔ kacea|/' @dĔv~ oŔ a}avyag# caj ıg fdŔ kacea|/'

AĔaıg%p~xĔaggıñ hı|ıĔı acıy%fnvoy# Q~àcıhpıñ hı|ıĔı fagy%kncoy "Akvafagıg ocoŔkoyo acıŔ znvoŔ# `ógóvóg ocoŔkoyo

hoòŔ hncoŔ/' AĔaıggıñ ha`ıvıg# Ĕahıg foceny# lap focov

"Akvafage kıenpogo# akıg focen|# afagiı focov/' AĔaıggıñ a|avı fdcyaà# fng|nvo fdcea`ı' "Akvafagıg nkyokcoĔo dcyaà# pagıea|cıĔı dcea|/' Q~à óypogn h~à fdcya# yónk lañavav Axıc Ŕnpogn axıc kdgya# ovhn lañavav "@ógóv óypngn

`ógóv dc~vya# akvafa èdĔacıv# kúóg óypógn kú nvcnŔovynkdeŔ~ èdĔacıv/'

Q~àgıñ fnvhngogn yóngfn# h~à`ıñ favhngognyóng "@ógóvóg znvninĔogn àagea# Accabıg znvninĔognàag/'

Nko æn%dvag Nko yııv%avag

"Ľko bagıe fnca dc~v# oko ognk avag dc~v/' FalagaĔı fala kúvyn# fayı hıŔı`ı "FaiagaĔı

faiagak húvóvyn ŔakacaŔeak oypnv/' Nko aakpıà fala pap~x púvp aahpıà fdpa pap~x "ogyagcavıg oèog`n faiagak avayı ooòv Bazagcavıg oèog`n fdpagıg, avayı ooòv/' Kóax%ló| lıc`ıh# h~à%eıñ lıc`ıh' "Hózn ó| ıccıkpıv# `ógóv fog ıccıkpıv/'

Ævkoe yóhngogog h~cı "Bnvkny ynzngog k~c~`~v/'

Laqyı

kncog% hı

|ı

ñà# laqyı

kózn%~cı

ñà "oohncog; kı|ıg hofo# oo àeap; dĔc~g hofoòv/' ,fdpa; @nzn azv~y~'

KA_GAKCAV

1' \ngnŔ ĽYEAĽC E~boppog HÓGNŗ# Póvkèn Aèıkcaeacı Ka|ak Apayú|cnvo#' Nghog _aıgı# Ba|ovag 1??> Agkava'

6' F' ÆCÇEHAGDZ' N'AF@ĽVAEAGDZ# KónxKncpov Qı| Pdıg ı Qıc# Yagap _aıgı 1??0Aceapı'

9' &Qa|ahpe Yacp @æypóvcnvo eng A`n}%ė~vı}pavı&0' Ynop Knglnabenpdz &Aga @oco& _aıg Aceapı 1??0'>' \ngnŔ ĽYEAĽC# Ka|akèa ÚĔvngen zn Kdg~Ŕea

Kıcaz~|~# A Fayıg _aıg Agkava 1??9'



8>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVK @ÓėÓGCNVĽG@N &YAÈO&HNCNGNėĽ# F^GA FAėCO VĽPCNV%]VAPĽKCNV

Fov pd}c~c~kpa koŔocnvog fovfovcnvocn dcagocoŔkocnvogo `ó|ngcnng kag~gcav fov nv`n npnvyo| znobpoaia inza} znvnennink `~v~eà dcafocodv# F~`~v~eà kavŔıeı|a úvj# a`np zn hncngnkcnv èıkıdv' ĽŔpnf~ hncngnkcnv`ng fovo `n `óĔóg a`np zn hncngnkcnvoòv'

Fo| f~ a|ıeı|à# f~ hncngnkcnvog fov

backayıgı pnŔkoc n`ng hncog húèóven agıgàko vopcnv#}vapokcnv zn (yaèı(àg yú| n`ninĔo|'

FaŔcaghıèpag f~ aga# Póvk pd}c~c~kcavı javkcı idĔvajacavà aŔaeacavıga; `nĔoŔok yoayac#ydyac zn kócpóvnc `nĔoŔencnvcn kavŔı kavŔıaf~c~geacavıga vaĔeng ú|nccokcn aocn eónyynynyobakkıgàko `~h~ zn `óŔógincnvogo }nk`nĔoŔpoveneoŔcnvòv'

F~ hncngnkcnvog fov backayıgı pnŔkoc n`ng&yaèı&# ŗaeagoyp zn Eóycóeag Póvkcnvog nzcngenpúvngcnvog`n `nĔoŔok }vapokcnv bacog`n kavŔıeı|aèıkeakpa`ıv' Af`óckaòv ĽGAG# &yaèı "cofapodg/((gıg#

pd}c~c~Ĕ~g bnv `nzov`n óvnppoĔo ng úgneco óvógcnv`ngdc`~Ĕ~g~; aziıcık `nzvog`n yóp# kıeı| zn bazagıgaĔıgàg; èojpèocok `nzvog`n àvı# f~Ĕà# }ovogè znènŔopco enzncnv`ng enàga hncòĔogo fncovpenkpnòv"1/'

ŗaeagoyp ogagıŔa húvn# fópóg kaogap ogyagcavajaàcı zn |avavcı "oo zn kúpó/ v~bcavca `dc~`~v'Dgcavıg# baap zn pafoappa dga`ıkcavı vdcóg úgneo#Fncpovcnv(og Ŕ~ `~ayıgàg kdcacıkca agcaŔıcıdv<

–………………………………………………………………………………………

@v' Bayag KDKYAC

Nhn Ógoznvyopnyo Póvk @oco zn N`nfoap ı FúcóeóÚ Ĕ vnpoe Húvnzcoyo

''''''''''''''''' N# fo||ap avapıiı dcag yo|cnv! Fo|o fópógpnbcokncnv`ng k~vpavıgPafak foèoeog`nko ó|cnvoeo|ogpnv oèog`n kaceayıga zn `óĔen foèoeog`nkoóvnkcnvoeo|og popvnenyogn eóyaa`n npenog' N#faŔıeı|ıg kdv~~i~y~ dcagcav#N oninĔoeo|o fo|nfabŔn`ngcnv! Èa`ıvıeı|ıg en`bacog`ng ıŔıkb~|encnvogo yo| yı|`ıvıvyıgı| zn èa`ıvıg `~eag`ncoĔog`ng hógnŔo fo|n yo| húypnvovyogo|&"6/'

Fo|# úgin `nĔoŔok fúchncnv`nko Póvkpd}c~c~kcavı avayıgà ènŔopco ynfn}cnvn faĔcı dcavak

~h~cagag &yaèı& hncngnkcnvog`ng fabynpenkoypodv~|'

_ak~p Póvkcnvog`n# fov `ncokagcı nzcngennkavav znvogin# kngò yd~ga engy~} hngècnvo fov avaahnpovov# fóókcnvog b~|~v~gà &Kae aogo& `ó|ngcnv#akea ho`nink apcavıg faĔcag`ıĔı ka|ıkcavıg òfognp~c~ecav `dc~y~ kıeı| kd`~v~v zn Kae à f~kıeı|cavı# apcavıg kdv~~i~y~ dcag ıpıq "ı`ıq/ v~b~ga&yaèı& n`nv"9/' Avıia _ak~pcav# ockfabavà a}pıkcavı &yaèı& favaeıga &ıyıab&# ydgfabavà a}pıkcavı



8:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

&yaèı& favaeıga &afayı ıyıha –kúpó v~bcava yaèı& a`ıgı znveoŔcnv zn ?(av hóg yóvng f~ favaecavàba|ıvca`ıkcavı kıeı| zn k~vfagcavı &yaèı "cofapodg/&npeoŔcnvòv"0/'

Acpacıcav# &aık kac`ıvea "aık èıhavav/&`ngocng envayoe`n _aık "zayıpaiı v~b/ a`ı znvocng v~bacóp~j zn faĔıŔ pnenggoyocn# ockfabavà àzavcavıg znkıyvakcavıg ock yaĔıcag yópcnvogo f~ch~vca kavıŔpıvı} ca}a"}dpka/ a}av zn &yaèı "cofapodg/& yaèavcav">/'

Fa|ng ŗaeag aogcnvo &Av~~ Kúvenycnv "nzogzn aocngog kdv~~i~y~/&og payzovcnvogn vakı zn Ŕava}ynv}enkcn faŔcaeakpa zn f~ envayoecnv fo||ap ŗaeagzna b~p nz yabofo pavaj ıgàg a}ıceakpa`ıv":/'

Acpacıcavà &púy%pú|&# _ak~pcavà &paghava&^vagbacavà &nvng&# EdĔdc%F~vnpcnv`n &dghdg& a`ı znvocng }~pcav%jnpoŔcnv# knèn`ng# }aèazvaàg# kaıg aĔaiı kaf~Ĕ~gàg a}ıc ıĔı hofo# bazag `nvocnvog`ng `na}ıceakpa; az# ynjnv hofo Úgneco fov oŔn èıkavkngf~gcava &yaèı& yaèıceakpa`ıv"P/'

Ac} Avycag# kı|ıgıg Bacojn ocn gokabıgıgkııceayıgàg ydgva# oko agıgàko oko pafakpag kngòncocn yaèıcav yaèeıŔpıv"2/' KaŔhavcı à# f~hóg `nzaen`ng (yaèı(gıg Póvkcnv`n bnv `nzov`n ahıg fov a`npdc`~Ĕ~g~# hncog ocn hóznog faŔcavıga }ava yaèıceayı oŔogog ú|nc fov nv`n pd}cagıcavak a}ıc`ıĔıgı òzagıgàfncovpodv "?/'

Bacojn ac%E~kpnòv pavaj ıgàg ?61‟`n F~chavBagı(ga húg`nvocng ncèo# Bag(ıg b~|~v~ga hovòĔog`nBag(ıg aàecavı# hóeóŔ }avacav yaèavcav' Eópngnffoòzagıgàko fov fnop &yaèı& a`npogog Ava}cavà àf~c~g`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvenkpnòv' "A' \' Zncoò Pdhag# ĽfgJa`cag(y Voyfnvoibp# enpog 6=; Nry' y# 1>?/ "1=/#

F~ úvgnkcnv`ng agcaŔıcıdv ko &yaèı "cofapodg/&# fov ògo pnvoe dcavak fópóg Póvk fdcavıgàdvpakpıv' Bappa v~bcava &yaèı a}ea& ògo pncakkocnvoge~ang fov yajbayıgà fópóg `óga kazoecnvog`nhúvóceóŔ iobagŔóe~c fov æ`nppov'

Nv|~v~e zn ènzvnyog`n hncogog hnvnk kngòba|ıvca`ıĔı# hnvnkyn bnòn dcavak znvocng fópógèno|o# `óĔóg |aeagı o}cnvn ayıcıv' Kı| akvafacavı èno|o húvenn hncovkng bnòn hnpovenk |dv~gà`ıv'F~ga &yaèı& `ngov"11/' Ľypagf~c `óĔógcnvog`n `n hncogŔnbov `ıŔıga ho`ninkyn àznpcocnv yaèıcavıgı# èno|dĔcag nzogn hoòginn kaàvko |aeag oèog`nhnpovovcnv"16/'

Hógóeó|`n# Ľycae B~k~kè~cavı(gıg kavŔı èıkpıkcavı &yaèı& hncngnĔo# avı fov aocnn engy~} dcagkı|ıg# hnpovocòĔo aocn`n Ŕagyıgıg p~peayı# kıyenpogogaèıceayı zn fnkcnòkcnvogn kaz~Ŕeayı oèog a}ıcag fovgnzo &kagyı| k~vfag& aogoòv'

Hncogog# fafa nzog`ng acıgeayıgàgeóypakfnc kdiayıgıg nzogn hnpovocenyogn kaàv~h~cagag `nĔoŔok vopcnv zn }vapokcnv zav`ıv' ŗoeò f~~h~caeacavàg fa|ıcavıga pneay n`ncoe<

Úgincnvo hncog aceaa hózn hopen|ò# f~hóghncogo aceaa hózn `n hopenkpnòv' Enkagıg `~v~e~ga

húvn hncog; aa# ap# ènzhn "ú|nc ba|ıvcageıŔ ka}acı avafa/# pabpıvnzag zna pakyo ocn hóznog nzognhúèóvócódv' F~ húèóven `~v~e~gà hncogog ó|ógóg`~zakca úvpócenyo# dg~ `ıŔ npkocnvn# ú|nccokcn kúpóga|ava kavŔı kdv~ea aeaiıga úgncokpov' Bappa kııcaggokabpa à vopónc ú|nccok a}aèıkpıv' Gokab kıea oŔcneoAga`dc~( à fa|ı fúchncnv`n hncog nz`ng èıkavkng# fa|ı fúchncnv`n `n hncog# hózn nzogn hovòkpng ydgvaa}ıcıv"19/' Bnv oko bac`n `n# pavajcavıg pneyociocnvo znŔabopcnvog`ng faŔka koeyn f~vaà f~c~gaea|' F~ oŔcne#nzcocoĔo pnop n`ng ògo voppov' Hóznog faĔcageaeayı#ago fóócngenenyo oèog gokab kııeıgà kúpó gonpco

koŔocnvog# hv~f~g avayıga hovenenyogn òkkap npenkhnvnkov' \ova# kıykagècık zn `óŔeagcık hofo ynfn}cnvcnhóznn fóó a}ıcafocov"10/'

Ú|fnkcnv`n Ľeae# gokab kıeaàg úgin hncogzn hóznog nfnzngcnvogn eobv%o eacıgıg paeae dc~}dcea`ıĔıgı ydvav' Dc~ec~ inza} ac`ıkpag ydgva hóznogó|nvogn àvı ynv}ocov zn oĔgn o}cokcn hóznog ó|nvog`nkoncfoynyo ènŔopco nvcnvog`ng òkocov' F~ envayoeyıvayıgà<

%Ynv fnvnkn fdchıg# fa fa`nzcnp fdchıg#facaèakacavoghgogh av|~yıg kúvhog''' "FaŔıga fnvnknpdcy~g# |nghog zn `nzcnpco dc# èdc~k èdi~kcavıgıg

av|~cavı

gı

húv/ on ~a n`nvcnv"1>/'Póvk pd}c~c~kcavıgà hncogog fafagıg nzog`ngacıgıŔıgàg hnv`nk agıga kaàvko yóvn oèog`n `nĔoŔokyaèıcav àĔıpıceakpa`ıv' F~ }vapokcnv`n aeaè# hncog znhóznog fovcnŔenyogn nghnc dcafocninkoncnviogcnvavzakcav oèog fov pn`fov aceakpıv"1:/'Fúcnin yaèıı yaèagcav# ka|aı%fncaı `njnppokcnvognogag`ıkcavı hofo# yaèıàg gayofogo acagcav à f~g~gkngòcnvogn ~Ĕ~v zn fnvnknp hnpovninĔo ogagiıca dg~~|~g yóvn yakcavcav'

ŗoeò f~ yaèı ea``ncnvogn fov hú| apacıe<Kıvhı|%Ka|akcav( a k~vp "k~v~p~ce~Ŕ }ngov/

~jak èúvnk zn hóeóŔ }ava# kıeı| "apıg k~v~k znncncnvogn/ "18/# K~eag%Kı}èakcavà "}ava/ "12/#Knvkók úvnyog`n "}ava# Ŕnknv# cdk~e# inzo|# 'fa`ne# k~v~ ó|óe/ "1?/# A|nvfaiag(à [gdĔ~c"Ŕnknv/# yokkn "}ava/U "6=/# Eakn`dga( a "f~Ĕà#av}a# cnfcnfo# }ava "61/# @dfv~ia(à "k~v~ neoŔ# }ava#aĔà kı|avpıceıŔ cdkea/ "66/# Nv|~v~e(à "ènvn|#}ava# ncea/ "69/# Nv|ogiag(à "neoŔ# }ava# ncea/ "60/#Kneacon(`n "ncea# f~Ĕà# }ava/ "6>/#



88

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

AĔvı(à "ènvn|# ncea/ "6:/# P~ginco# Foghúc ènzvnyog`n "k~v~ó|óe# Ŕnknv# ncea/ "68/# Yozay(pa "ènvn|# }ava/ "62/#GoĔ`n(`n "k~v~ ó|óe# f~Ĕà# Ŕnknv/ "6?/# Fdafap(pa"knŔknŔ/ "9=/ hofo ea``ncnv `dĔv~àg hncogog faŔıgàgaŔaĔı yaèıc`ıĔı hofo# `óĔógn kapıcag back ó|nvogn `n yaèıcıv'

@óĔóg acaı hncogo aceaa ho`nvkng fovpakıenghnccnvcn kavŔıcaŔıvcav' F~ `~v~eà# znvng pavaj acag pavaj ı àoea kıykagıv' Gopnkoe# Ha|oagpn} úvnyog`n kı| kúógóg`ncokagcıcavı# `ógóvió faŔıga "pd faŔıga/ ncog`n p~pp~Ĕ~~e~vpaı húypnvnvnk# &a faè ú`nog a à ~e~vpaı z~v~g& `nvcnv' @ógóvió faŔıgıg ~e~vpaı kıveayı ~Ĕ~vy~|c~k hnpovninĔo zna kı| zn dĔcagıg faĔcagaiaĔı ogagiıca faè }avayı ú`ngov zn ~e~vpa acıgıv' F~ ~e~vpahncogn znvocov zn &hncog `úccó dcy~g!& òn faĔıvıcıv "91/'

Agı }vapoĔog fov fng|nvogo Hovny~g(~g kúcnvog`nhúvódv~|' &AĔavpea& a`ı znvocng fov aĔaiıg àcıga ac`ı|cı ~e~vpa ayıcıv' Hózn kúóg`ng hncng `ncokagcıcav

~e~vpaa goŔag acıvcav' Bnv `ncokagcıgıg fnŔ joŔnk apeaabakkı zav`ıv' _~e~vpaı koeyn z~vaea`ıĔı pakòv`n kı|znvocen|' F~ `~v~eà# kı| fafayıgıg a}pıĔı eayvajcavı#nvknk pavaj ı `ógóvcnvo kavŔıcavcav zn kı|ı acıvcav' &AĔavpea&ı z~vag dc~vya boè fov Ŕn ú`ngen`ng kı|ı acafocovcnv "96/'

Hncog# fafa nzog`ng èıkavıcıvkng ka}ı p~p~cavakzna `óĔóg acaıgıg úgó knyocnvnk fabŔoŔ acıgeayı# èdkahıg fov }vapokpov' Avpzog zn Nv|~v~e úvnyog`n hncogacaıgıg úgóg`n hóvnŔ p~p~c~v zn fabŔoŔ acıgıv' F~ga &Kdè}avayı& `ngov'

@óĔóg acaıgıg hncogo aceaa hoppoĔo dcàg`úgóŔó# ~Ĕ~vy~|c~k yaıcıv' F~ ynfn}cn `nĔoŔok dc

hó|nvhabı

o|cngov' Gdha Póvkcnvo(g`n àba úgin`ng pny}opnòcng fov nv`n hncog kajocnyogo àeap kajocnyo kavŔıcav'Hózn apı zna avafayı# hncog avafayıgıg ènzvnyog`n óè p~vapav' Hóznn &pdkı|& a`ı znvocng `dk~| }avèa nŔaàgenàga hncng bnòn znvocov' F~ bnòn hóznog apıga znaavafayıga pakıcıv "99/' Èıc`ıv zn ènzvnyog`n `n hncoghúpóvócóvkng &}a}ak apcıcavı& a`ı znvocng fov avıŔ a}ıcıv' Ľckóè `nvninn hovngcnvn bnòncnv znvocov ko f~ à fov ènŔop&yaèı& `ıv "90/'

Knvkók úvnyog`n# hncog apa fogòvocovkng ockèdi~Ĕ~ nvknk dcy~g òn pnvkoyogn fov nvknk èdi~kfogòvocov"9>/' Póvkengoypag(à hncogog k~iaĔıga nvknkèdi~k znvocov zna kagaga dvhag oèogn apıvıcavak hncogog

úgógn kd~c~dv; fúcnin hncogog# kagagayı hofo nvknk`dĔ~vaiaĔı ogagiı fnycngodv "9:/' Aga`dc~(g~g fa|ı úvncnvog`n `n fng|nv vopo húvódv~|' Enynca hncog nznhovnvkng k~iaĔıga nvknk

èdi~k znvocòĔo hofo# hncog oèog ba|ıvcageıŔ apakpa nvknkèdi~k óè `nja ~zavcag`ıvıcıdv "98/'

Hncog húèóvócóvkng ~h~cagag nyko }vapokcnv`ngfovo `n hncogog fogòĔo apıg úgógn# fa|ng fov kdèhnpovocenyoòv' Hncog# appag nĔocnvnk kdè~ fov ncocn apıg

pnvkoyogn kaàv kac`ıv`ıĔı pakòv`n kdè hncogog# kac`ıvaea|yakdè yabofogn fabŔoŔ znvenn enif~v dc~v "92/'

Hncog acaıgıg úgógn o} hnven zna bnvbagho fovnghnc k~vea hofo }vapokcnvo `n hú| úgógn ac`ıĔıeı|à# kı|acı} znvencnv`n pavajcav avayıgà ynefdcok fov yazaŔıga}ıc`ıĔıe yúcnenk }nk `n agcıŔ dcea| kagıyıgàı|' F~`~v~e# nyko Póvk pd}c~c~kcavıgàko &kı| kaèıvea zn aĔeay~vnpocn nzcocok&n enŔv~c~k znvng yazaŔcavı akcıeı|ahnpovodv "9?/'

Kdiaiık(pa "Eakn`dga/ hncog# dàyıgahúpóvócóvkng# úgógn kd~cag kóèók fov ofvokpnko y~~# oŔovayp hopyog òn yaĔ aaĔı ocn `úkpóvóvcnv' Avkayıgàg# kd~g

hofo ~e~Ŕak b~c~ dcy~g òn fov kdcp~Ĕ~ga nkenk# òĔnvkdcp~Ĕ~ga oŔ ynznv dcy~g òn yó}óvhn znvovcnv' Ydkakcavàhn|enyog# nzogog ka`ıgı dcy~g# akcıgı faŔıga pd}cayıg ònfaŔıgı faiagıg kıpıga z~v`~v~vcav' Hóznn `n ó|nvogn `óŔngea`ò zn eagnzo húvnzcnvogo pae a}yıg òn K~v(ag znvovcnv"0=/'

@dfv~ia(à obpoav fov ka`ıg# iagcı fna| vngkcofov paz~Ĕ~# faŔıgı fov kaga`ıgıg acpıga ydkavak# hncogogfaŔıgà óè knvn `dcag`ıvıv' F~ga &kakea& `ngov' F~g~gcahncogog npvaj ıgı yav`ıĔı znbenòcng kúpó v~bcav# iog zn}nvocnv kdz~ce~Ŕ# nzn ~Ĕ~vy~|c~k hnpovenyog òn ka}ıàgoènvo fıvakıceaeıŔpıv"01/'

Póvkoypag(à hncog# dĔcag nzogog úgógn hnpovocoginfov kafıg oèog`n akıcag apnŔog kú|cnvo okon fúcógóv# hncogavayıgàg hnènv' Fúcnin hncogog hógabcavıgıg zn kúpób~cavıgıg dk dcaiaĔıga ogagıcıv' Hncog# `~zaĔı ocndp~v~vkng agıgàko oko ka`ıg fnvafnvcnvog`n hnpovòkcnvoaga zn pavaĔı hncogog ncfoynyogog ó|nvogn kdavcav' Agagıg#hncogog fabpıgı aèık p~paiaĔı# pneo|cok yoehnyo pavaĔıg àv~b~g~ pneo| p~paiaĔı ogagiı zav`ıv' Avıia hncogogagıgàko fov ka`ıgıg &haèı& òn a`cag`ıvıcag fov eakayaèı} ka}aeayı# bnv póvcó kúpócóĔóg knyocnvnk hncog`ng~|akcaŔaiaĔı ogagiı bakoeòv"06/'

Bajok zn ènzvnyog`n# hncog nŔokpng oènvo a`ıeıgı apavkng úgógn apnŔ ynv}ocov zn `ıŔ ka}ıgıg nŔoĔogn `n èozo

èakıcıv"09/' Ľgyagcavıg apnŔo k~pyac ya`ıkcavı `úgnecnv`ngkacag f~ voppn# apnŔog ogyagcavı fovèdk kúpócókcnv`ngkdv~aiaĔı# hógabcavıgàg avıg`ıvaiaĔı ogagiı apeakpa`ıv"00/'



82

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Fdafap zn ènzvnyog`n# hncog nz`ngèıkavıcıvkng kı| pavaj ı# kı|ıg yaĔ`ıiıga kóc# èozo#nkenk# dkcaza zn èagak znvodv' Kóc# diaĔıg`nzaecıcıĔıgı; èozo# dĔcagıg nzogn èakıc`ıĔıgà hncogog nznfaĔcageayıgı; nkenk# fnvnknpog hncninĔogo# dkcaza#èagaĔa z~v~c`~kèa hncogog aĔcaeakcı bacogog

ho|cngninĔogo yaĔcaeakpa`ıv' F~ èozo èakea vopeoKnvkók úvnyo óĔógcnvog`n n húvódv~|"0>/'

Hncogog kúpó b~cavıgàg avıgeayı# nzogn faĔcı fov ka`ıg dceayı zn fnvnknpo hnpovenyo oèog `n `nĔoŔokvopcnv ~h~cageakpa`ıv<

Èdv~e zn ènzvnyog`n# hncog kdiayıgıg nzognakcaŔıvkng nzog àeıga èıkag fov Ŕabıy ncog`nkoèúecnĔo nvn apav zn }avèacav# òĔnv fov Ŕabıy fov~e~vpaı nzog ka}ıyıga z~v~v zn kıvav"0:/' @oavfakıvzn ènzvnyog`n hncogog ncogn znvocng y~ pnypoyogog zn fov~e~vpagıg kıvıceayı# ~g `dc~ kó}n ncogog faypıvıceayı oypngov"08/' GoĔ`n úvnyog`n hncog# nzog nŔoĔogn kdgag

kd~g }dyp~# yaiaak# bacap ó|nvog`ng apcav zn ncog`nkoaĔı ka}ıgıg óyp }nvza|ıga yóvnv' @aba ydgva hnvo `úgó}nv`nkocnvo acıv"02/' F~v`~v# Avpzog# Ajdg zn Yavı|fúchnyog`n hncogog aakcavı úgóg`n k~vfag knyocov'Hncog knyocng f~ k~vfag kagı ó|nvog`ng apcaavak nznhlvnv"0?/' Fa|ng hncog f~ k~vfag kagıga yaĔ faŔ}aveaĔıgı f~caavak acgıga yóvnv' Faf~vp(pa hncognŔokpng oènvo hovnvkng aaĔıgıg acpıga kd~cag iaefavàĔı kıvav' Hncogog faŔıgà nkenk `dĔvagıv zn f~nkenk kıvıgpıcavı kú}nkcnvn nòvocov' Fúcnin hncogbavaeàg ~|akcaŔpıvıceıŔ# bncac ka|agia úgncpoceoŔ dc~v">=/'

Yavı

knèoco _úvókcnvog`n# hncogn# ka}ı

a aĔ yóv`óvócóv# pafak# èagak kıv ıvıcıv zn k~|~ }dyp~èoĔgnppovocov">1/' Nv|~v~e zn Nv|ogiag úvncnvog`n# kı|nzog`ng èacıgag favàk zna pafak hncogog aakcavı acpıga kd~c~v zn kıv`ıvıcıv' @aba ydgva e~pjaĔahúpóvócóv zn pag`ıv faŔı `dcaŔpıvıcıv">6/# È~f~k znkúcnvo ènzvnyog`n oèog`n y~ zn }ava f~c~gag pnypo ocn#k~v~ neoŔ f~c~gag fov engòc hózn pavaj ıgàghncogog avafayıgıg úgógn apıcıv' Avıia bneng dvaàkaıg}n`nv zn kaıgzaco`n hóvnŔovcnv' Kaıg}n`nvhóvnŔo kafn`nv' Fúcnin ka`ıgıg nz`n yú|ó'hnèninĔogn ogagıcıv">9/' Yozay zn ènzvnyog`n hncog appagogo} ka}ıa akcaŔıvkng# &aakcavı agyıg à nzog`ng`ıŔavı èıkeayıg& òn `ıŔavıa fov kı|hıg `neov apavcav'Ydgva hncogn fov aĔaè kaŔık kıv ıvıvcav' Hncog nŔokpnghovnvkng óyp nŔoĔn papcıcık# hnèoecocok hnpovyog òn fac znaĔ yóv`óvócóv' F~ avaà i~ea hógó `óĔóg nzognòkocng favak ogòvocov' FavaĔıg yıvıĔıga pakıcı dcagydĔagı koe acıvya hózn dga &aiıcıĔıeı|ı ac ı& ònfabŔoŔ znvov">0/' NykoŔnbov(og fa|ı kúcnvog`n# hncogy~g`~veaa èıkavıcıvkng kdc~g~g fovogog acpıgaK~v(ag# òĔnvogn `n nkenk

kdavcav' &Kdcp~k nkenĔo& zna &Hncog nkenĔo&`ngocng d nkenk# àba ydgva òŔo aĔvıeayıg ònbnvknyn àĔıpıcıv' Avıia hncog# dàyıga èıkeaàg úginóè knvn nzog ka}ıyıgı acav' Ydgva fov kaŔıĔı acı} avkaaj ıvcapıv' KaŔıĔıg aèık zna ka}acı `óŔenyogn húvndv~eà f~c~g~v' KaŔık# ka}acı `óŔeóŔyn# hncog nzn

ka}agaiak# aèık `óŔeóŔyn hncogog gayofo aèık dcaiakpıv'D hóg dv~èc~ dcag hncogog aĔ|ıga ydk~c~} èıkavıcagŔnknv# kdg~Ŕaeaag èdi~kcava nòvocov">>/' Nv|~v~e znNv|ogiag ènzvnyog`n hncog# hózn nzogog úgógnhnpovocogin àeà yaĔ`ıiıca fnkcnng hózn# fovkaè}avèaa fúcógeóŔ# jakap }avèacava agceaeıŔ fovnceaı hncogog faŔıga goŔagcav' Ncea hncogog faŔıga`nĔnv zn }avèacagıvya ~Ĕ~v yaıcıv' \ova hncog kdiayıgàgkdvkav zn dga opaapkav dc~v# yú|óg`ng èıkea|">:/' F~ncea edpojo Knvkók zn A|nvfaiag úvncnvog`n `nahıg`ıv' Fa|ng nceagıg nvogo }dvpakac ac`ıĔı àdc~v">8/' _ıc`ı|nco(gog kúcnvog`n hózno nzogn hovng

hncogo# bacaa p~pavcav zn dvpayı `ncogeoŔ fov ~jkankenĔogo hncogog kajayıga hnèovovcnv' F~ `~v~e~cabacaà óè `nja `nzov a}ag hncogog fdg~gàg nkenĔoacıvcav' F~ nkenĔo dvaà f~c~gag nzcngen èaĔıga hnceoŔ kı|cav &fo|n `n gayo} èıkyıg& ònvnk nvcnv">2/' Fng|nvhncngnk# \ava zn ènzvnyog`n `n húvócenkpnòv< Hncog#hózn nzogn hncòĔo |aeag kaıgzaco`n ocn fnvafnvbacka Ŕnkcog`n nkenkcnvog pakıc`ıĔı dkcazagıg ~i~gàgp~pav zn dgavcav' Fov yóvn dga`ıkpag ydgva nkenkcnvdvaà f~c~gag fnkavcava àĔıpıcıv' F~ nkenkcnv`ngongcnvog kıyenpcnvogog aèıcaiaĔıga ogagıvcav' Avıiafnkav kı|cav# hncogog npnĔogn oyoecnvogo a|av# hncogog

yaècavı

avayı

ga yó}óvhn èú}cnvo kdav zn `óĔóecngeoŔ fovhncog pncogog `óĔóeógó hncogn èú|`óvóvcnv' F~gcavnzcngeneoŔ kı|cavıg">?/ kıyenpcnvogog aèıceayı oèog~h~ca ıkcavı cojcnvòv' Hnvn`n(`n hózn nzogn hncnghncogn nkenk kıv`ıvıcıv":=/' Goenpn `úgók vopcnvogpnencog`n fnvnknp# kıyenp zn |óvvonp pneogo yakcı`ıv'

Kaypaedg~ zn ènzvnyog`n# hncogog# hóznnzogn hncoŔog`n# hncogog kaıgzaco`ngog faiakcavı avayıgàg hnèenyo zn hncogog acıgeaa hoòcòĔog`nkaıgzaco`ngog ncogo ú}enn hncng hncogog faŔıgı kngò npnĔogog acpıga yıkıŔpıvı} fıvakeayı# ochogè fovnvvoppov":1/' F~vaà hncogog kaıgzaco`nn opaap npenyo# pafodceayı ogagècavı apeakpa`ıv' _~kavıà yú|ógó nppoĔoeo|vopcnv zn }vapokcnv fúchncnv avayıgà akıg fng|nvcok av|npenkpnòv":6/'

Kavy úvnyog`n &yaèı& hncngnĔo# &Ŕab fn|nen&a`ı znvocng `nĔoŔok fov ~h~caea dcavak aŔaeakpa`ıv':>%8= ~|~gc~Ĕ~gàko fov yd}aa aĔaè húvógóeóznvnink Ŕnkoc`n nò a à `dk~| àc èakıcıv' Bnv fovàca óènv a`np enzn zn Ŕnknv }avèayı ayıcıv' F~eayvajcav yaĔ`ıècavia kavŔıcagıv' &ŗab



8?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

fn|nen& bne hncog bne `n hózn pavajcavıgia avı avı ba|ıvcagıv' &Kı| Ŕabı& hózn pavaj ıgàg hncngcnvny~g~c~v' @ógóvcnv# f~ Ŕab ó|nvog`nko oninkcnvonvkng ènzvn`n f~c~gagcava fabŔoŔ àĔıpıvcav' &DĔcagŔabı&# hnv`nkpng úgin# dĔcag yaĔ`ıiıgıg nzog`ng acıgıv zn

hnv`nk dàyıga húpóvócóv' YaĔ`ıia bne hózn nzoaveaĔag znvov# bne `n hncog kngò nc nenĔo óvógcnv`ngaveaĔag znvov' &DĔcag Ŕabı& ó|nvog`n óè e~e akıcavakfıvakıcıv":9/'

GnzŔnbov zn úvnyog`n &ŗab fn|nen& vopogog fovfng|nvo# &Gabıc& ba|ıvcaea`ıv":0/' ŗ~ javkcako &Gabıc(ıgàccavı ó|nvogn onink ea``ncnvo kdg~ceaı} ènŔopcoenzn pakcopcnvo# vngkco kaĔıp zn k~eaŔcavcayóycngeoŔpov'

Bnv jdckcdv óvógó# e~ang fov |aeag znenkag àbocog`n# baap Ŕavpcavı e~ang fov back|óevnyogog }yokdydyac fov àzvagıŔıgàg ofavnppov' F~

àzvagıŔ# faŔcaghıèpa fncco fov dflno bn`nj ynèpoĔo bac`n#|aeagca jdgkyodgnc eagayıgı kafnpeoŔ znhncngnkcnŔnvnk back baj ı|a zn acıŔkagcıkcavıgàaŔaeaa `nzae npeoŔpov#

Póvk `ógayıgà akıg fng|nvcok av| n`nghncngnkcnvog engŔnogog nyko `nzovcnv`nko ŗaeago|eogagiıgıg fovnv kacıgpıcavı dc`~Ĕ~ pavpıŔea kaf~cnpenng fov hnvènkpov' _a}ıcag fópóg f~ vop zn koŔon

&@avıyı faŔıgı|a& òn kavŔıcık znvovo|' F~ pnenggo zn}vapokcnv; ~Ĕ~v# fnvnknp zn e~pc~c~k fnkcngpocnvooèogòv' Ynzogèco fov agıeı|ı k~pcaag kavŔıeı|àko `~a#ŗaeago|e }agpndg~gàko pagvıcava a}ıcag yaèı "cofapodg/envayoeo ocn akıgàg ochocoòv":>/' Fa|ng Ŕaka dcavak#

faŔıeı|ıg npvaj ıgà ènzovo} fovogn znvòĔoeo| }avaàzvagıŔı à ŗaeag ogagiıgà úgneco fov aogfakonyoòv"::/'

Ľgyag pd}c~c~Ĕ~# pnkgdcdlogog boèfov |aeagpaeaeng fd~g`~v~Ĕ~ acpıga hoveneoŔ# ydyac`nĔoŔencnvn pafo dcavak úvj# a`np zn hncngnkcnvogofóók dvagà pnvk npeneoŔpov' FaŔka fov `noŔcnydyac hncoŔencnv#ydyac `nĔoŔencnv hofo kıya fov|aeag oèog`n enàga hncenòĔo oèog# yú| kdg~y~pd}c~c~k f~ `nĔnvcnvog fóók fov fúcóeógó e~baja|an`nfoceoŔpov'

Bne ocknc# bne `n en`ngo pd}c~c~kcavà

húv`óĔóeó|# nzcngen agıgàko vopcnvog pnk aeaiı#nŔcnvo kúpó v~bcava kavŔı kdv~eak zn e~pc~c~k pneognpenkpov'

Ydg |aeagcavà bı|cı kngpcnŔen ocn fovcokpn f~yú|ógn nppoĔoeo| hncngnkcnvog |aıjca`ıĔıga Ŕabopdc~dv~|' F~ kócpóvnc `nĔnvcnvoeo|og hncninkk~Ŕakcava akpavıceayı oèog# Póvkóe òng bnvknynfóók húvnzcnv `óŔenkpnòv'



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66' Eóypniof ÓCKÓYAC# @dfvûia zn Póvkcnv# Póvk KócpóvógóAvaŔpıvea Ngypopóyó aıgı< :0# Agkava 1?28# y' 1=2

69' Jokvnp PÓVKENG# a'h'e'''

60 I~eb~vonp(og >=' _ıcıgà Ľc _ıccıĔı 1?89# y'?0' 6>' Baeop \ófnv KDŗA_# Póvkon(`n Póvk @óĔógcnvo Ó|nvogn

E~kanynco Fov Eac|nen# Eaavoj Eap' # Agkava 1?00# y'>'

6:' Faban`òg ÚHNC % Bakkı @~vy~g _OC@O\ % Jabvnppog

K1V\ODėC^ % Enbenp NVÚ\ % Favae KD@AEAG %E'

Af`ócbac~k ÈA_# Póvk Eocco FópógcóĔó Ľèog`n @dĔ~

Aga`dc~' Póvk Kócpóvógó AvaŔpıvea Ngypopóyó _' >:# Agkava

1?2># y'160'

68' a'h'n## y'160'

62' ŗnvnj FD_VA\# a'h'e'# y'9='6?' Aco Ľbyag KDCI^# &GoĔ`n Kaıvcı Kayafayı Nzcngen

A`npcnvo&# Póvk Back Kócpóvóg`ng @nvcnencnv 1??6# K'F'

Back Kócpóvcnvogo AvaŔpıvea zn HncoŔpoven Hg' Eó`' _' 18=#

y'190'

9=' Fnkov FAŗDėC^# &Fdafap zn Ènzvnyo @óĔógcnvo& Yozay

Jdckcdv~# avacık 1?8:# yaı<08# y'c 8

91' ^Ĕ~vdc FAVCAY# &Ha|oagpn} Kngp Kócpóvógóg Dc~Ŕeayıgà

Jıvap _úvnyo Póvkeng Deakcavıgıg Npkoyo& Jıvap Baz|ayı ^'

Jdckcdv zn Npgdhvaja Yne# Focòvo# Nca|ıĔ 1?28 y'00'

96' Gnveog NV@NGP^ė# a'h'e' #y'>'

99' Enbenp Aco NKVNE' &Gdha Póvkcnvo(g`n Kı| oypnen' Yú|

Knyen zn @óĔóg Hncngnkcnvo&# 0' Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk BackKócpóvó Kdghvnyo Focòvocnvo# Iocp 0# Agkava 1??6 y'?1%?>'

90' Vaea|ag KDVKEA\# &Èıc`ıv Jdckcdv zn Npgdhvajayı&# A'Ó'

N`nfoap Jakócpnyo En|~gonp pn|o# Nv|~v~e 1?2>'

9>' Y~}bo YAAPÈĽ# a'h'e#

9:' Enzcóp Ú\BAG# &Póvkengoypag(àko @óĔógcnv`n Ľgagèca ochoco

Fa|ı ^h~caeacav zn Póvkon(`nkocnvcn Fng|nvcokcnvo&' Póvk

@ógayı# Ncóc 1??9# Iocp( 1 Yaı< 0# y'90'

98' ŗnvnj FD_VA\# a'h'e#; Baeop ÈĽGN# a'h'e'; Jnvop

@N@NFAŗ# &Èdv~e(~g Kú @óĔógó& Èdv~ec~# 1?01# ıc< 0#

yaı< 6?' y'?=8; Fópóg _úgcnvocn Ľcèneo| Èozvoc' Èozvoc

KaeakaecıĔı 1?28# y':6; _aŔav AKYD_# _avng



21

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@oavı Fo|oe Èagkıvı# @dĔ~Ŕ Eap' Agkava 1?22# y'8?' K%úkyacHN@ĽK# &Faf~vp(a Aop Úvj zn A`npcnv&' Póvk Jdckcdv~# Goyag 1?20#ıc< >' yaı< 28# y'68'

92' Aco KNEACĽ# Nv|ogiag Vnyoeco A Eap# # 1?96# y'68?; BacoyIĽGDėC^# &Nvfaa(gıg \oĔò Kayafayıgà @óĔóg Hncngnkcnvo&#Yozay Jdckcdv~ Ncóc 1?8:# yaı<00# y' 19;' Gnveog NV@NGP^ė#a'h'e# y'>; Ĕ~vdc FAVCAY' a'h'e' y'00'

9?' Gnveog NV@NGP^ė# a'h'e# y'0'0=' G~eag KAVPAC# &Kdiaiık "Eakn`dga/(pa @óĔóg Hncngnkcnvo zn

Aga`dc~(àko Ľ|cnvo&' OOO' Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk Jdckcdv KdghvnyoFocòvocnvo# Agkava 1?28# Ŕ'61:'

01' Eóypnio} ÓCKÓYAC# a'h'n'# y' 1=2'06' Enzcóp Ú\BAG# a'h'e'09' Iajnv AŗOPN]N# &Bajok(og Baiıaco Kúóg`n @óĔóg A`npcnvo& Yozay

Jdckcdv~# Pnee~| 1?80# Ŕao< 12# y'10'00' Fnkov FAŗDėC # a'h'e'; Ľyeaoc Bakkı AIAV &@ógóv Hopen zn

Hncog Hnpoven Ó|nvogn ÈnŔopco ĽgagıŔcav &# Yozay jdckcdv~# ŗ~fap1?80# yaı< 19# y'>'

0>' Y~}bo YAAPÈĽ# a'h'e'0:' Jnvop @N@NFAŗ' &Èdv~e&~g Kú @óĔógó&# Èdv~ec~# 1?01# _ıc< 0'

yaı<6?# y'?=:; E~ypaja ÚGN_ % _~g~y Aziı % Enbenp Kdag#

Fópóg úgcnvocn nŔoc È~f~k# 1?22#y#661'08' Gnzog AKKA_A# &@oavfakıv zn Facıknyov Ľccnvoeo|`n NzcngenPúvngcnvogog KavŔıcaŔpıvıceayı&# Nviony# 1?22# ıc< OO# Yaı< 19=# y'18

02' AcoĽbyag KDCI^# a'h'e'0?' OyaKA_AIAG# F~v`~v Bapıvcaeacavı# Agkava 1??1' y'9; ŗafag

YÚ\FĽCĽIĽ &Yavı| Fúchnyo A`np Hncngnk zn Agdgoe N`nfoapı O&#Nviony# Ba|ovag 1?2?# _ıc< 16# yaı< 192# y'6>; Enzcóp Ó_ÛEN\'&@oŔco`n @óĔóg& Fnc`neo| "Ajdg Fncnònyo Fócpngo/# 1??6# _ıc< 2#yaı< 68# y'96; Avpzogcocnv Vnbfnvo# Clzagn Alagy# Ľypagf~c 1??1#y'>8'

>=' Kúkyac HN@ĽK# a'h'e'>1']eav A_@NEĽV# Yavıknioco _úvókcnvogog Back N`nfoapı zn

Jdckcdv~# N' jo# N`' Jak' P'@' zy N`' Fúc' Fopoven Pn|o# Ľ|eov1??6# y'02%0?'

>6' Jokvnp PÓVKENG# a'h'e'; Af`~vvabeag KÓÈÓK &Nv|ogiag znÈnzvnyog`nko Back ĽgagıŔcavıga Pd}c~ FakıŔ&# OOO# Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk Jdckcdv Kdghvnyo Focòvocnvo# Agkava 1?28# y'6>6#

>9' E~ypaja ÚGN_%_~g~y AZIO%Enbenp KD_AG# Fópóg _úgcnvocn_nŔoc È~f~k' 1?22# y'661

>0' ŗnvnj FD_VA\# a'h'e'>>' Encpne Neogn IĽGHÚ\' &ŗókvagcı(à "NykoŔnbov/ Nzcngen

A`npcnvo&# Póvk Back Kócpóvóg`ng @nvcnencnv' Kócpóv FakagcıĔı Back Kócpóvcnvogo AvaŔpıvea zn HncoŔpoven Hngnc Eó`' _a'Agkava 1??6# y' 12'

>:' Jokvnp PÓVKENG# a'h'e'; Af`~vvabeag KÓÈÓK# a'h'e

>8' Óeop PDKAPCO# &Knvkók(pn Nzcngen A`npcnvo&# Eocco Jdckcdv# Fabav1??0# Iocp< 9# _ıc< :' yaı< 6U# y'9>'

>2' ŗnvnj FD_VA\# a'h'e'>?' Ľyeaoc Bakkı AIAV# a'h'e':=' Gnveog NV@NGP^ė# a'h'e' y'2:1' Gnveog NV@NGP^ė# a'h'n':6' Gobag @NEĽVAYCAG# Ľ|eov Ľco ^vca Ľcènyo Facıkcıdza Kúó

Jdckcdv zn Back N`nfoapı# N# Ó' N`' Jak' P'@' zn N`' Fúc' Fop'Pn|o# Ľ|eov 1??6# y'?2; Dyeag ĽCKNV# a'h'n' y'680; Aco Kneaco#a'h'n'# y'68?; Ĕ~vdc FAVCAY# a'he' # y'0>; Fópóg _úgcnvocnĽcèneo| Èozvoc# a'h'n'# y':6; E~ypaja NGBDŗ# Akynko znAkynkococnv# Ľypagf~c L?80# y' 1?1; Yaop ^ė^V# Ľènc Jdckcdv~ OO#Agkava 1?00# y' 12' Úenv ÈDCAKDėC # Póvk Back Focoeo znPvaka _úvnyog`n AvaŔpıveacav# 1?20# 112; Yafvo Ú|iag YAG#

HóeóŔbagn Kócpóv AvaŔpıveacavı zn _úvn AĔı|cavı# Kócpóv Fak_a' 1616# Agkava 1??=# y'?2; Apocca ŗ' NVPÓVK# Jdckcdv~e~|#Aga`dc~ Jdckcdv zn P~vo|e @nvgnĔo _a' 6# y'c 1%18; Aco@NEĽVPAŗ# Ľènc Ľco _akıg Ènzvn Ľgincnencnvo# Agkava 1?22# y':0;Go|aenppog Ú\FNK' Nv|ogiag(àg Kneab(pag# Agkava 1?26' y' 11:;Vahı} ENEĽŗDėC^# &Zag _úvnyog`n Pd&# Nviony# AĔ~ypdy1??6# _ıc< 1># Ŕao< 18:' y'68' Óckó ÓGAC# &Avàg~è(pa @óĔógHncngnkcnvo&# Nviony# Goyag 1??6# _ıc< 1># Yaı< 186' y#9c;I~eb~v KOCOÈDėC^# Bnv _úgócn Yoovp# 1??6'

:9' A'Nyap FD\_ĽėĽP# &@óĔógcnvoeo|`n Favak HncngnĔo&# OOO'Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk Jdckcdv Kdghvnyo Focòvocnvo# Kac`ıveaHncngnĔo&# OO' Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk Jdckcdv Kdghvnyo Focòvocnvo#Agkava 1?28# y':>%21; Baàv ÈNPĽGKA_A# &Kavy _úvnyoPnvnknen Kú @óĔógcnvog`n ŗab Fn|nen zn Kac ıveaHncngnĔo&#B' Eoccnpcnvavayı Póvk Jdckcdv Kdghvnyo Focòvocnvo#Agkava 1?26# y'?6'

:0' A`gag ĽGIN# &GnzŔnbov _úvnyog`n Gabıc Hncn@nvgnĔo zn @oĔnvFa|ı Ľccnvoeo|`nko Fng|nvcnvo&# Jıvap Baz|ayı OO Jdckcdv zn NpgdhvajaYne}d|~e~# y' 10>%1>1'

:>' A'ĽGAG# Eakacncnv zn Ľgincnencnv O# y' 1?1'::' A'ĽGAG' a'h'n'



26

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVKENGEDGI^HAPPOCAVO

]vdj' @v' Aeaghóc @^V@O_NZA

Póvkengoypag Póvkengfa Ŕı Eocco Kdca|eacav ı Ngypopóyó

JdckcdvFúcóeó Eó`óvó

HĽVĽŗ Gnzv~| favaeı# kav`nŔ Póvk backcavıgıg úvj zn

a`npcnvog`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# Póvkengcnvog `n hncngnĔog`npagıgeıŔ favaecavàg fovoòv' _ngo ıc "_ngo Hóg/favaeı ocn `dĔv~àg ochoco dcavak Póvkeng hncog

kı|cavıgıg &Edgi~happı d~g~& "&Edgi~kFdgi~kApea D~g~&/ okkap ènkenkpnòv#

Gnzv~| favaeı# kıŔıg `dkyag hógópaeaecagı}# pd}vaĔıg azaŔ azaŔ ıyıgeayı# pafoapıgiagcagı}# hó|nc fov húvógóe ka|ageayıca fovcokpnogyagıg v~b~g~g necngòĔo zakop k~pcagıv' Póvkenghncog kı|cavıgıg gnzv~|àko f~ &Edgi~kFdgi~kApea d~g~&g~g faŔcaghıiı nyko `nzovcnvn kaàv~|ageakpa`ıv' Hncog kı|cavıeı| f~ favaeı Ŕúcneıyvacavca kavŔıcaeıŔcav`ıv<

Gnzv~| hncò# a| hncò$ Gnzv~| hncò# a| hncò#HavĔa hncò# ha| hncò$ Kavha hncò# ka| hncò#Dp~vag aàecava Dp~vag aàecavaFocfoc`ng dza| hncò Fócfóc`ng æzæ| "yny/ hncò&

Póvkengcnv`n Gnzv~| favaeı ocn `dĔv~àgochoco &Edgi~kFdgi~k Apea& d~g~g~ga`cag`ıvıceayı à òkkap ènkoioòv' Gnzv~| hninyohncog kı|cavıg bnv fovo kngò fdgi~Ĕ~ ocn fncco fov nv`npd}cagıvcav' Bnvbagho fçv òcnk p~pavak kngò fdgi~kcavıgı y~ `dc~ pafaĔa apavcav' Fdgi~kcav fna|# eazo# yavı# nŔoc

hofo vngkcnv`nòv' Y~c~ pafaĔa fdgi~Ĕ~g apıcıŔı bakkıgà Ŕúcn eıyvacav zav`ıv<

FaŔca ı ho|# faŔca ı $ FaŔca ı kı|# faŔca ı#Y~za edgi~k paŔca ı $ Y~a fdgi~k paŔca ı#HdŔĔ~yız agcıŔ dka}$ Póvkóyógó agcıŔ dk~~iaEdvac havvı baŔca ı $ Eavac aŔcı baŔca ı'

D~ga &Edgi~hap`ı& "Fdgi~k apea/kıpacavıgı èdk oo dk~ag# ú|nc gókpniocok kafoconpo dcagaŔcı ka`ıgcav à# hngè kı|cav à# hngè `ncokagcıcav à

kapıcafocovcnv' F~ d~gà nyayng nzcngo} fafa nzogn`úgng hncogcnvog ho|co `óŔógincnvo# ~e~p zn av|~cag òcnhnpovocov' Dk~gag kıpa "eago/ foppokpng ydgva# pafaĔaapıcag fdgi~kcav èıkavıcıv; koeog fdgi~Ĕ~ èıkavya# d kıpa"eago/ à dga aop kaf~c nòcov'

&Edgi~hap`ı&; &edgi~k& "&fdgi~k&/ oyeo ocn&apeak& jocogog fovcnŔpovocenyocn enàga hnceoŔ dc~}d~g~g acnpo fdgi~kp~v' Fdgi~k# Póvkeng hncogkı|cavıgıg pakıg`ıĔı yóy nŔacavıgàg fovòv' Póvcóvngkcnv`nko èdk hó|nc fdgi~kcav# paŔ d~g~ oèog~h~g dc~}# Póvkeng hncog kı|cavı dgcavca kngò húgóc

av|~cavıgı òcn hnpoveoŔcnvòv' Póvkon Póvkcnvo#



29

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

A|nvfaiag# Ú|fnk Póvkcnvo hofo kav`nŔ Póvkbackcavıgıg hncngnkcnvog`n `n èdk nyko `nzovcnv`ng fnvo`nzae n`nhncng f~ d~gà fdgi~kpag faŔka kó}n#ó|ók# focn|ok hofo ioyoecnv n k~ccagıceıŔpıv'

Gnzv~| favaeıgà hngè `ncokagcıcav hv~} hv~}

dc~} ngo hoyocnv hoo} yóycngnvnk póvcó d~gcavdgaeıŔcav# póvkócnv yúcneoŔcnv# kı|cav cæcnyaccaeıŔcav`ıv' Fovfovcnvogn dcag aŔk `~h~cavıgı aèıkèayúcnenn bnv |aeag oekag f~caeaag `ncokagcıcavcakı|cav# Gnzv~| favaeıgà kavŔıcaŔı} oècnvog`nyakca`ıkcavı yıvcavıgı fovfovcnvogn yúcnvcnv# fovfovcnvogoynèo} acıvcav' F~ `~v~e# &Fdgi~k apea& kıpacavıgà"eagocnvog`n/ Ŕúcn payzov nòcov<

Gdzv~|ıñ fabavı`ıv# I~zag hóc gabab ıv# Hı|%dĔcag fovo%fovogo# $

Ynèenco eabacı

`ı

v# Gnzv~| favaeıgà ènc}nk "~jka/ a|ıcı}

hapcaea "fov bae~v nenĔo/# }oŔen%fdĔ~vyak "fovbae~v nenĔo/ }oŔovocov' Fncco nzcnv`n ynengo$ynengn$ kagapıcıv' F~ga fa|ı òacnkpcnv`n &yóencnk& `n `ngov'F~ gnzv~| nenĔogog Póvkeng hncog kı|cavıgıg&Fdgi~k apea& kıpacavıgà "eagocnvog`n/ húvócenyo`n ochogèpov<

Iagaàvcav ynengo# $ Pdvfa `óvpóg pnengo# $ Focòe# avacık nkng# $

Bneen `nvp`ng aeagı $

&Ynengo&kagapeak kav`nŔ A|nvfaiag backıgıg à hncngnĔog`n#agı Ŕnkoc`n &fdgi~k apea& eıyvacavıgà vaypcagıv'

&Fdgi~k apea& d~g~ga fa|ı òacnkpcnv`n&yúz|oeag yacacıg& à `ngov' Hncog kı|cavıg f~ eoccoGnzv~| d~g~# Póvkeng jdckcdv ocoeog`n&Edgi~hap`ıcav& "fdgi~k apeacav/ pav|ıgà kaf~cnòcov' F~ d~gca ochoco pav| bakkıgà }nk èdk acoecnvochocngeoŔcnv# eakacncnv a|ıceıŔ# agpdcdlocnvgnŔvnòceoŔpov'

Gnzv~|ca ochoco &fdgi~k apea& d~g~gahúypnvocng acaka# Póvkengoypag(ıg faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı aceayıgàg zn àoeo pavajyı| `nzcnp bókeóg`n kaf~cnòcenyog`ng ydgva èdk iagcag`ı' I~eb~vfaŔkagıeı|Ya}aveıvap Gıa|dz(~g nevo ocn Ŕoeò# bnv ıcıg 61Eavpı# Gnzv~| Favaeı kaf~c nòcnvnk &fdgi~k apea&d~g~# }nk èdk jdckcdv agyaefcavıgıg vn}nvp~zavyóyógn ènzvocò'

Póvkengcnvog pavobog`ng# en`ngonpog`ng fnccofov nvnin`n bafnv znvng Gnzv~| favaeı ocn

ochoco f~ eocco d~g~e~|; bne d~g# bne jdckcdv pav|ı bókeóg`n# hncog kı|cavıg ga|ok kac}cnvog`ng yó|ócnvnkèıkag bne v~bo# bne `n n`nfo fov kagak dc~}nbneeonpogo opovenkyo|og hógóeó|n hncodv' Dg~kav`nŔ Póvk backcavıgıg eocco d~gcavı zn jdckcdv pav|cavı

ocn kavŔıcaŔpıvavak ogincnenk# fov |av~vnppov'

Hncò ngn Gdzv~|cav#ŗncn èıkı} ıv hı|cav#_avıg hıa fakıŔı _óvnk%fahvıeı `~|cav'

Gdzv~| hncò# a| hncò#HavĔa hncò# ha| hncò#Dp~vag aàecavaFocfoc`ng dza| hncò'

FaŔca`ı ho|# faŔca`ı#Y~za edgi~k paŔca ı#HdŔh~yıg acñıŔ dka}#Eavac havvı baŔca ı'

Gdzv~|ıñ fabavı`ıv#I~zag hóc gabacı`ıv#Hı|%dhcag fov%fovogo#Ynèenco eabacı`ıv'

@n}yne yag`ık aèıcav#@úzencnvo yniocnv#Gdzv~|ıjo hoincnvo#Ľgin foc`ng h~è~cav'

Hógdvpa ıv# èdĔc~ ıv#Hı|cav ú`n faĔcı`ıv#Bnv ıc gdzvı| hoinyo#_av avea faĔcı`ıv'

Kov ~zya ynvyn gæ`nv4_ó} óypn ynvyn gæ`nv4Gdzv~| hógo ngncnv#Hı|ıñhdfnvyn gæ`nv4

Hncog%hı|cav óŔófag#ApıŔacıñ edgi~Ĕı#_avıg húvng àkıgyıg#@aĔàg focng húgióĔo'Èıkav# Invng iag# edgi~Ĕı'

Gdzv~| hncò f~ hoin#Hı|cav apıŔav foin#Koeog foinyo èıkya#FavaĔı bdva|%ióin'

Gnzv~|~g fafag`ıv#Iozag hóc joàgı`ıv#Kı|%dĔcag fovo fovogo#

Ynèengog |aeae`ı

v'

Kagapıvcav ynengo#Pdvfa `óvpóg oĔgno#Focòe# avıcık oeoŔ#Bnv `nvppng aeae'



20

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Edgi~k apıg# fo| hncòk#FovoĔò eıbeag ac`ık#_nggne ngnen ap`ı#@nvò% fncaĔa hac`ık'

AĔae dĔcı |oaà#Fnveañcnv# engo aà#Kdzaca} npo} foceng#Dc apcı# eng }ıaà#Èıkav# Inggnp iag# edgi~hı!

K~cnin `dg~ñ `ı|ıgàg#@dea`ıe hóc ó|óg`ng#Fayıe hop%`n# fayıe hnc#_aĔya fav`ıe ı|ıñàg''

_ók óypóg`n bacı fav#Húccnvogoñ acı fav#Hoin hncng dĔcagıñ#Húzgógoñ bıacı fav'

Húèo eaacı# gnvco#Fn`nzo hagap%}nvco#Hovyne Ŕd av hdg~ga#Fdcyae hnvnk bnynvco'

_aĔcıĔıeı òŔcnòe#@úvp f~vè~g kóeóŔcnòe#@dĔag hncyn fnvenòe#_av hncò faĔıŔca`ıe'

Gav ofnv av# gav ofnv#_dk nvog`ng fav ofnv#Nc `nĔenòk aĔcık focng#Hóg `nĔenòk hav ofnv'

Akva} hncò ba|ag fav#_óvnk%faĔvıe n|ng fav#@oyn òyog fng`nyo#_dkavà fov a|ag fav'

Yng`n av%a# yng`n av#

Nc aĔcıĔıg eng`n av#Iabagı oĔop acya#Ľko hú|óe yng`n av'

Ak pnc}aĔoñ `nvo`ng#_óvnk%faĔvıe nvn`ng#Yng fov acĔıv h~Ŕ fdcyañ#Akop engo Ŕ~ nv`ng!

Ak pnc}nĔoñ `nvo`ng#Yóññóen yoe úvn`ng#Hıveı|ı `dgcı hıvapcı#Yac# dc~ñı fævo`ng'

Acea hncò# gav hncò#

Kúúgnk foèyne àv hncò#Hógóñ hógdvpag èaĔı#Èa}av apcı av hncò'

Hıveı|ı `dg~g foènog#Óypógn pnññn ynène#Apae%ngne húveægkæ#DĔvıg yaña haèaıg'

P~v dĔcag# b~vea dĔcag#Fdg~ñı f~vea dĔcag#Yıvvıeı| æŔĔæv fdcav#

Kúèn`n `~vea dĔcag'

Pae óypóg`n húk kó|n#_avıe hnco}òv yo|n#YdzĔa`ıe ac%à hac#Ú|óñ húg`nvoñ fo|n'

Havaà fov àcag fav#Ľèog`n iag acag fav#Hóeneæñ yúznv avı#Hú|o dcà hacag fav'

HócĔógnòv kúgnĔoe#Havà ak`ıv focnĔoe#AvacıĔıñ `nvòg`ng#_agık`ıv%ca óvnĔoe'

Yavı ó}nk yó|ócnv#Gæ|ok húzgóe fd|~cav#Hncink òo} hncenyn#_óvnk%faĔvıe n|ocnv'

_aŔıvıg fakıŔacı#Hú|%hafak kakıŔacı#

]ıgbag nv`n `~Ŕ~Ŕı}#@nvòeo| ènkoŔnco'

Dka} \úbvn%Pabıvı#Fdc`ıe ocog Ŕabıvı#_oĔop# húzgóg hae p~pea#Eng yngogko abıvı'

@nĔoveng óypo kúpnc#Haè`ı# aĔcıĔıe húpnv#Eng húpnvyne `~avcav#@óŔ apàg# ú|óñ húpnv'

Dp agav ıŔık fdcav#

Úeó| agaŔık fdcav#Ak knèægoñ óypóg`n#Hóg`n àcaŔık fdcav'

@n}æ èıkı} `~v~}`ıe#Ncoe nvn ~v~}`ıe#FaŔavea`ıñ ak pnc}nk#Húzgóe yaga fnvo}òe'

A a`ıg`ıv bnyo}òv#Ncoe }ıèak knyo}òv#Ac añak# ~ka `dàk#

Húv koecnvn gnyo}òv'

AĔae dĔcı ac engo#Bnkncogn yac engo#Yng`ng ú|Ĕægo yúyne#Obcayıñ ~vy~g engo'

Avık faŔıgà Ŕdva#_avıe hopò F~bava#Óè aa zaà fnvò#Hncenò o|o hava'

Hava æòk yaña h~vfag#Hnc# `nvòen fdc `nveag#Ækop engo agıga#Úvpngòe yngo húveæg'

Hıveı|ı `dg~g hapfav%hap#Fovog hn%`n# fovog yap#Ú| úeó|n hncenyng#HdvıŔıeı|a hnco} ap'

Hı|ıc hóc húg`nvng av#_óvnĔoe ag`ıvag av#Vakı} yú|ógn hoò}#Fo|`ng ó| `úg`nvng av'

ÈnŔen y~z~g oèòe av#Yacae fnvo} hnèòe av#Yacaeıeı acea`ıg#Engne yng`ng hnèòe av'



2:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Vakı}cava hú| nò}#Yaccagiıva} hn|ng av'

Pae óypóg`n paeıeı|#HdŔa`ıv nzagıeı|'Yng dgàg èık# ene~gàg#Haceayıg aveagıeı|'

Hú|ngnk`n apag dĔcag#KúgnĔo knpng dĔcag#Fov hı|a aŔık fdc~}#@ógn`ng úpng dĔcag'

Hú|ngnk`ng fakea# dĔcag#Hú|óg# haŔıg kakea# dĔcag#D ho| yaña fnvocen|#_óvnioĔgo akea# dĔcag'

Gavàg óypóg`n gavàg#

Pacnoe dk Ŕ~ avàg#Yng fov acĔıv h~Ŕ fdc~}#Èıkav# f~ abı%|avàg'

Kúgnk ~z`~e ynven oe#_avıe hnèò húvenòe#KnyoceoŔ hı|ıc ocoe#&Acca avıñ& òen`ıe'

Fn`ng av%a# fn`ng av#Akcıe bavag n`ng av#_avıeà a|ık dk`~v#AĔayı nñvn`ng av'

Kócnèn eaz~p foè oe av#ŗovog%Ŕnvfnp oèòe av#HıŔıgı hıŔcaŔ ıe av#_a|à ava óŔ`óe av'

Ngne%apae `d`~cav#FaŔıe húvĔa hd`~cav#Eng%a fov fd| eaa`ıe#@ovocoĔen yd`~cav'

Nkog nk oe `óen`ng#Fov av yú`óe kóen`ng#Engog húzgóe ıgiacea|'@dĔagcav f~ gæen`ng4

C~keagàg c~kea acag#Iagıeı dà yacag#Favavıea bdzc~Ĕı}#Ú|o ı|ıeàg hncng'

Hóc dĔcag%a# hóc dĔcag#_av húvng`n hóc dĔcag#ŗ~ hoin`n hncenynñ#_avıñ hopò foc dĔcag!

@nvacav facıkcı`ıv#@óncnv bacıkcı`ıv#Húzgóeo azcag oĔòñ#AaĔı èavıkcı`ıv#

Eaz~p dg~ñ f~ aga#Èa}ı hncoŔen| aga#Yıvàe fd~ñ húvenyne#Fdc`~e æco%òzaga'

P~pag knĔo }oc acı#Eógng apı nc acı#AĔı|# yngog aàĔcıg#

Fdgı

æòc hı

c acı

'

\óc}óe Ŕneaca fnvvgæg#Hncòe kúgcógo f~veag#Gæen kaypıñ fav eng`n#Hd`~ñ iagıeà aveag'

Hóccnvoe h~gèacag ı#Foccnvoe ogincngò#N`ng zaàeı| gnòv4_ıc ı|cav hoincng o!

Ľcnv`ng hava hncò'_óvnĔoe }ava hncò#Fdı fd~ea h~vfag#@nvòen èævn hncò'

Zaàeı| añı np o#_ıc`ı|cav añı fap`ı#_oĔop# gæen bdzc~k`ıñ4@óŔeagcav añı ap`ı'

@óŔeag ~k~à hacyıg#YavĔavı} vnjoko ydcy~g#

Fo|n kayp n`ng |acı

e#_agı}# kóc fdc~} hacyıg'

_avıñ aĔcıĔıgà gav#Foceng kúgcóg`n gn fav#Hncnv zaĔpı hncenò#Fo| f~ nv`n ogpo|av'

Hı| aèıcag ho|oc hóc#DĔcag ko ynvav focfoc#Ľko aŔık pa}ıŔya#Húæko hıveı|ı hóc'

Acıyàg fakıŔacı#_óvnĔeo| akıŔacı#

ėógò|ko `nvòeo|o#Hıincnv ènkoŔnco'

Kıc ıheı| ynvag fdcy~g#Ľc húvyóg# bavag fdcy~g#_avı avàg avagıg#Kócfnyo znvag fdcy~g'

_agaĔıgà bac dĔcag#Eoyco òcyo| eac dĔcag#Fov bafavı fav fo|cok#@onfocen| cac dĔcag'

@aĔcavàg acı} hngio#@akya`ıe fdga bógio#_aĔcık dccag dĔcagıg#Fdcya`ıe hú| h~zagiı'

DĔcag èık ı faĔıgàg#_ak`ı hı|ı àĔıgàg#Y~zya} fov y~z oèynò#Hıveı|ı agaĔıgàg'

_nv pa}ea ıe hn|nvn#Yú| pa}ea`ıe a|ava#Favı} a ıñ avıea#Fayıe hncyog hó|nvn'

HavŔıñı|àg fakav eng#Faccav fdc~} akav eng#Yaèıe èoccn ó}nĔo#@~pavıña àkav eng'

Fn`ng av%a# fn`ng av#Engo Cnco n`ng av#

D|ac%a fncn àcòñ#Yaña fov úzvn`ng fav'

KúcnĔn`n apag dĔcag#KúgnĔo knpng dĔcag#P~v# avıñ a}av`àv#Fobafav apag dĔcag'

Ncoe%ó|óe aĔca ıe#_ava focoe faĔca`ıe#_av húzgóeo aceaya#



28

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Nvpov p~v~} ahca`ıe'

Akva}à ~èag h~Ŕcav#Ovak |neog`n hıŔcav#_av fo|`ng kúñcóg ó|ó}#

Húv# gov`n kúñóc bdŔcav'

Akeaa `ó|`n hac ı#

_óko Púzvo|`n hac`ı#DĔcagı `nvp a}av`ı#@nveagı hı|à hac`ı'

ŗovogòv%a Ŕovogòv#Fakia favıe Ŕovogòv#YaĔ fdcy~g ngne%apae#Yúng avıe Ŕovog ov'

Avık fd~gà oĔ`n#ĽĔàgoñ hóco eaà#Bneeægoñ avı ú`n#Fo|oñ havaç hú| kaà'

Ak pnc}nĔo hav acı#Púznvnk`n fav acı#Favı} a`ıñ po| hncyog#Engoñ húzgóe |av acı'

Nkog nkòe havafaŔ#AkfaŔ focng avacaŔ#

Yngoñ dĔcag avıg fav#Dvpa fdcı hava haŔ'

HócĔógnòv kúgnĔo#Hóc`ng ak`ıv focnĔoe#_av óypógn av hncyn#_avıcea|eı óvnĔoe'

KıŔeoŔne%æ# koŔeoŔne#ÚvpngeoŔne# foŔeoŔne#Havo} apae húzgo Óóèog#

_ap occnvn `óŔeóŔne'

Èık ıe èıgav faŔıga#_ıckı a`ıe àŔıga#Ncoe`n fov hóc aĔcık#

Húg`nv oe yıv aŔıea'

Acca engo h~Ŕ npyog#

Hagapıe kóeóŔ npyog#Fozn}a acagiıà#Ľkoeo|o `~Ŕ npyog'Focn|oĔo hnpovoñ#

Ak focnĔn úpóvoñ#Iagıe èıkı} fava`ıv#Yúznv ava npovoñ'

_av hava ı kúèn`ng#

Fdı ~|ıg ogin`ng#_agea fov `dg pokòe#_ó}nk eapa }avèaàg'

Y~za hopòe focòcnv#@nñ%`~Ŕcavıe hncòcnv#D|ac%a fncn `æc`ıe#AŔıkcıĔa yac`ıcav'

Avkae fnvòe aĔaia#_av hncnòv Ŕ~ hoin#Yúznv avıñ ngnyo#Hdfnv dĔc~ñ# Ŕ~ hoin'

Acag ıe faĔ oèog`n#_óvnĔoe àĔ oèog`n#Úc`óvyn av úc`óvyog#ŗnpàcı faĔ oèog`n'

Ap nyfafı haıŔàg#Húzóyfngò kóeóŔ`ng#AàĔcıg pdà húv`óe#Bdvi~gı `dcı oeoŔ`ng'

Pdk~vpĔaàg y~z úpnv#Ynyo eng|ocn npnv#_av avıgàg avıcya#Fdcav úcóe`ng fnpnv'

FaĔa hovngn h~vfag#Hócóg povngn h~vfag#Fo|%æ ag húvenòk#_avı húvngn h~vfag'

Ak pnc}nĔoñ afap`ıv#

OŔkı

ñ engo hafa}`ı

v'Ľko aŔık fovcnŔyn#Abıvnp`n ydĔa} ıv'

A a ıñ ıv bdŔ hoin#_av h~iaĔı fdŔ hoin#_avıe dgà# eng e~gà#Aveag ava àŔ hoin'

_óvnĔoe`n fov yú| fav#A`ı} òeæĔn eng |av#Engo fnveæñ ap nvn#

ŗdgà fdcav ógn av'

AĔcavıga# aĔcavıg#_ava húzgóe faĔcavıg#

_av húzgóeo aceaya#Ľcoe òo} aĔcavıg'

Ac pdz~k# aca pdz~k#Yæbnv hıĔıvag paz~k#Fo| ava gæen oòk#_av ó|o fo|`ng ydz~k'

Agk fd~gà h~|ı#_avıeıñ fovin yú|o##_oĔopcnvo kú`óvnv#Hı|cavıñ hava hú|o'

FaĔa hovòe fav óèog#Acea focng gav óèog#ŗovog iagıe kóc npòe#Fov fnza}a av óèog'

Ho| dĔcag pd}av%pd}av#_a|à fov%fovog pa}av#_avıea `~Ŕafoceæg#Baèag hú|aŔıe kn}æv'

@aĔàg hav ıyı hncnv#

FaĔàg fav ıyı hncnv#Yaga h~vfag kúèncnv#Yo|`ng av ıyı hncnv'

Ún fav`ıe kdz`~cav#KóeóŔ h~}fae `úz`ócnv#Dzac yaña faviak`ıe#Aveag# yapı} kdz`~cav'

Y~z akav àŔa `nĔnv#Kov}oĔo haŔa `nĔnv#Engoñ fov ga|cı avıe#Kazoe%havàŔa nĔnv'

Y~z akav kngav focng#Acea oòe gav focng#Gngnñ úeóv yóvnog#Ak yakĔacb &av& focng'



22

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

EĽGĽ YÚ\CÓK

Póvkengoypag Póvkènyo Aga`dc~ PóvkènyoHdŔh~ KdŔ~k Póvkó Dka} Dk~~} Havvı _aŔcı Gabac Bokan Eabac \aeag H~è~cav K~iakcav Hógdvpa ÚĔcng zakpo _ó} Ľ} Hdynvyn Kdznvovyn Gæ`nv Gn n`nv @akıgyıg Pakıgyıg Foin Focenin Eobeag Eoyajov _nññne _nghne Ap`ı Yúcnò

FncaĔa Fncaa @dg Húecnk# ncfoyn @ı|ıgàg @o|og`ng Fav`ıe Zav`ıe Hóccnvogoñ Hóccnvogog Eaa @nzn azv~y~ Hagap Kagap ]nvco Kagapcı ŗd ŗ~Fdcyae Dcyae _aĔcıhıe Fd~g engòcoeo F~vè~g _agıe kúŔnyogo

KóeóŔcnòe HóeóŔcnòe @dĔag Kav`nŔ Fnvenòe Znvenòe Ľfnv Húg`nv Fav Enzn ogiov Focne ocnHav Kav Fav Zav Ba|ag Ydgfabav Pae @ae Kó|n Pnypo Ydzha`ıgı Eól`ncoĔogo aveaĔag @acag

Fd|kıv

Hóchógnhov Kıveı|ı`ıv KúgnĔoe HúecnĔoe _ó}nk Ľ}nk Húzñ~e Húgcóe _aŔıvıg Ho|co Hú|%hafak Hú|úgóg`n%Hú|hú|n

Póvkengoypag Póvkènyo Aga`dc~ Póvkènyo

]ıgbag Ho|co @~Ŕ~Ŕı} @~v~Ŕ~}

Dka} Dk~avak Ľcog Backıg ŗabıg ŗaovo Abıv Ydgva Húpnv Húpóven DpD` ApnŔ Úeó| Nzoeo| Knèa Knèn

@n}a Pn}n @~vı}pıe @~v~v`~e ^vı}`ıe Z~v~v`~e

Pnc}nk FaŔcık Fnvo}òe ZnveoŔpoe ]ıiak Fıèak @dàk @~àk _~ka Bdkka Ú|hago FaŔkayı Yúyne Ynzyne ^vy~g Z~vy~g Avık Avk Zaà Za`n Fnvò Znvò

_o|ohava _ó|ókava Hava Kava Fdc Dc Akop Húpóv Engo Fngo Hapfav%hap Kap kap Úeó|n Nzoeo|n HdgŔıeı|a KdeŔ~e~|a Vako} Vako} Yaz~g Y~~g Fnvo} Znvo}

Engne Fng `n @ófo @ofo Gaàg Acèak ÈnŔeago ÈnŔengo Koèhogn Kóèóiók H~zag`ıe Ynzogòe Gav%à ApnŔ`n B~à B~à# Pagvı# Accab Foyıvap Fayovnp Eng|av Fng|nv Aàhcıg Aàkcık# yú|cóg



2?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Póvkengoypag Póvkènyo Aga`dc~ Póvkènyo

H~Ŕ K~Ŕ ^vag Z~vag

Ahb Fn Hacyıg Kacyıg Fakiaà Fabèn`n @aĔcı _avacı Pncavn Baza Gaen Póvkó Yavacı}yıg YúcneoŔyog

Yóp Yóp Koeog Hofo Kú} Èdk Fóvhóp Kavpac

Haz~g Kaz~g FoŔo}pov _npoŔeoŔpov @óŔo}òv HnèeoŔpov OŔkıe AŔkıe KaŔha KnŔkn Kóio Kóèók îı î~ Ya}ava Ynjnvn

H~Ŕahgıñ K~ŔaĔıgıg @avahpa Pavakpa Fngp ]ava

Iófyóg`n Infog`n Hagp ŗnknv @n}n`ng Pn}n`ng Kæcn ŗnbov Pa}`ıe F~c`~e ]ıaca KaŔn# ka`nb Dzacàg Nzznc`ng Ľgò ŗoeò

Hıvahı Kngavı Yúzóp YúĔóp Foeag Baypa

ŗdg~ñ ŗ~g~g# dg~g FaĔŔı`ıv Ya| Ŕaovoòv _ahŔı`ıv ooòv Fn|ngo} Yóycngo} Pd @óĔóg# Ŕngcok GdhŔı`ıv GakŔı`ıv# yóyó`óv Hıaca} Hú|óe ocn Avıg Nvkng Èa}av Yóvnv Pa}av F~c~v Dzcak DĔcak

Ha}av Ka}av Yúngoen YnzòĔoen @~Ŕ @óŔ Focfoc Fócfóc Hæòhog`ng HnòĔog`ng

Póvkengoypag Póvkènyo Aga`dc~ Póvkènyo Æòhog`ng Aakkafıyıgàg A`ıñ Yúcnog

@ægenyo @úgenyog @oòhog`ng @nòĔog`ng _dkavà _~kavà Ócknv Èdfag ıc`ı|ı Hdvkav Kdvkav H~g`~| K~g`~| Hógæyo Hógabı Yacea`ı Fıvakea`ı Hdè Kdè Hdg~ga Kdg~ga Fnpgae Kúpó koŔo Hovngydg Hovòkpng ydgva @~veahıg @~veaag Hava`ıe Fakpıe Fnvng ZnvòĔo Èóvnpòe Èóvóppóe @ófogn @ofogn Hdc~gà Kdc~gà Hıhıvag Úpng Dagag âgag# ~ag`ıvag Aceagı Nceaı _ap _afagiı Ba} Baıjcageak Yóp Yóp _acı Hofo

Èop Ncfoyn Hneog HoòĔog Eóñ Fog Faà Za`n Caèıg Aziı k~Ŕ E~gàg F~gàg Úpng HnèeoŔ Achıv _ıvpıiı Ava Avı Hdvha En|ava C~keagàg Cdkeagàg# dkpdvàg C~kea Ľcaè

\óc}óe \ócjóe Kúgcógo Húgcógó Gæen Gn Hd`~ñ Kd`~g H~gèacag`ı Hdgiacag`ı Foccnvoe Fnccnvoe Ľcnv`ng FaŔıgàg# Hava Kava Hoincngò Hnincngò H~vfag K~vfag _agı _ngo ^k~à ^k~à



?=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Póvkengoypag Póvkènyo Aga`dc~ Póvkènyo Póvkengoypag Aga`dc~ Póvkènyo Hacyıñ Kacyıg Bdvè B~vè Yavhavı} Yavıcı} ĽeoŔ _neoŔ Hı| Kı| Fdcav Dcav Focfoc Fócfóc Ydha} Ynza}

Pa}ı

Ŕya F~c~Ŕya Dgà Dvà Húnko Hóa ko A`npa E~và F~và @~pavıea @~pav# Ya|ıga @oeaĔn @nenĔn Úzvn`ng ÚĔvnpng _ap _afagiı KúgnĔo Húecno ŗdgà D |aeag P~v @~v Ydgnv Ynbnv Fobafnv Bafnvyo| Óèog Ľèog Focoe Fncoe# Óeoòe Ún Nzn Húzgóeo Húgcóeó Kdz~e Kazoe HıŔcav KıŔcav Pnc}ahoñ FaŔcıĔıg Ó|ó} Ó|ócó}# Kıvıcı} Nvn`ng Nvo`ng Gov`n Gnv`n Achıv H~Ŕ _ıvpıiı# Acıiı K~Ŕ Akeaa Ak`nzn Akop Akıp# ^è~v Púzvo|`n Pnfvoypn Yóggóen Húyóen A}av`ı Húpóv`ó Yoe HóeóŔ @nveag Ľcaè %@nveag _úvn`ng @o|ng Yúng Yúcnng Hıveı|ı Kıveı|ı Bneeagıg Bnvknyog Favo`ng Fnvo`ng Kaà Gnv`n Èa}av Yóvng Avacav Enyajnco `~v Pnvogn Ngpavo# Inknp Acca Accab Húveagka Húven`ng Hagacıg Kagapıg Dhvıg Ho|co# ^Ĕv~g Fozn}a Znjayı| Haèaıg KaèaŔıg Hdfnv Kdznv# Fıvak AŔhav AŔokav# Acngo Nyfafı Nyzafı# Hoyoyo Kúèn`n Ydkakpa# KúŔn`n



?1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

YNGĽG _A\OG FNGĽEKĽG@NGHÓ\NC EĽ4

]vdj' @v' Gobap FD_@Aŗ

Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo Ha|o N Ĕ opoe Jakócpnyo Vnyoe Fúcóeó

Fa Ŕkagı

Ľycae a|ıyı kngòyogn &Kacne Hó|nco&"c/`nòvpng fov }caypok hó|nccok zn |nghogcok ynzonyogn~caŔeayıga vaĔeng# dk~geak a à dk~gafocovcokaèıyıgàg# pafov nvog`nyn# f~ kaàv Ŕagycı dcaeaeıŔpıv' _a|ıgıg f~ úgógóg ago Ŕagyyı|

húvógenyogog ynfnfo# dg~g èdk |nghog jdvekcaznyocn ochoco dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# dk~~i~g~g "ú|gngog/kócpóv `ó|nocn `n ochocoòv' _a|ı oypnv cdlok# oypnvynnypnpok fov dfln dcavak ncn acıgyıg# `dĔv~y~# a}ıyıgàdk~gea aèıyıgàg }nk èdk |dvc~k zn }vdfcne paŔıv' F~|dvc~k ~kavıà à oŔavnp nòcòĔo hofo# kıyeng dg~gagapdeoyo zn f~ agapdeogog èdk |nghog ènŔopcnvocn `nochocoòv' Bncn dk~~i~g~g acaga z~k~jy~|c~Ĕ~ à kdg~dc~gia# enyncn àba à |dvcaŔeakpa# &bnv agcıŔ fovgakıŔpıv& yú|ógó hnènvco kıcaiak agcıŔcıkcav dvpaaèıkeakpa`ıv'

_a|ı nypnpok fov dfln dceagıg úginyog`n#

ú|nccokcn avka a}ı# agcae dcavak aka`neokèacıŔeacavà ho`nvnk úgne ka|ageakpa`ıv' Ľycaea|ıyı# `dĔv~y~# nypnpok fov dfln dcavak |nghog znvngkco dv~ecava# javkcı fakıŔ aèıcavıga eóyaop fovjdve |nghogcoĔog`nòv' F~ dg~g ogkav nòcnen| yagapúgó`óv' F~ úg bnvkny pavaj ıgàg kaf~c nòceoŔpov znnòcenkpnòv' Jakap oceo a à cdlok e~bpnzaaèıyıgàg fakıcıgia# kdg~ àba yıgıvcı dceak|dv~gà`ıv' Aka`neok èacıŔeacav yú| kdg~y~ dc~gia#avka a}ı dv~e kaf~c npen| fov knyogcokcn kavŔıeı|aèıkeakpa`ıv' F~ knyogcok oceo èacıŔeacavıg hózngovcoĔoaèıyıgàg za|hnèocen| fov b~y~yp~v' Gn zav ko Ľycae

a|ı

yı

# ú|nccokcn aka`neok ènzvncnv`n èdĔ~ |aeaghúvync fov eac|nen dcavak ncn acıgeakpa# bakèayı d à|nghog zn vngkco a}ıyıca kngòyogn ókcngocng f~húvnzo faŔavıca nvogn hnpıovenkpnòv"6/' Fúcninho`nvnk a|ı o|cnoiocnvo èdĔacıvkng# dk~~i~ zn bappapyaıyı a|aceakpa# bnv Ŕn`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo kdca ~i~|dccav pnviob nòcenkpnòv' Agı ióecn`ng dceakó|nvn# fa|ı aka`neok ènzvncnv`n bappapcık# edàyı hnèeoŔ èaĔ`ıŔı hnvnkyo| fov ~ĔvaŔ e~aencnyohúvenkpn# èaĔàŔ pnkgdcdlo agıgà a|ıgıg znnĔopoeogog hnvnkyo|coĔo focn o`òa nòcenkpnòv"9/'Avıia `óga a|ı kócpóvógóg ng |nghog bap eovayıgayabo} dcag óckneo|`n# hó|nc a|ı# yagap pavoboacagıgàg `ıŔcageakpa# f~ a|ıà dk~v%a|av dcagcavoyn gnvn`nyn `nkaàgcıkca y~ècageakpa`ıv' Bacf~ko fapı kócpóvóg`n Ľycae a|ıyı baca pnk faŔıga Ľycae yagap znkócpóvógóg pneyocioyoòv' K~v(ag%ı Knvoe(ogya`ıvcavàg yapıvcava akpavıceayıgà# `~h~ zn`óŔógingog# oceog# yapıvcavàg ya`ıvcava paŔıgeayıgàĽycae a|ıyı úgneogo àoea e~baja|a n`ninkpov' Dg~agcaeaàg Ľycae kócpóv zn yagapıga zakıj dceak èdk hóèhúvógenkpnòv' Bnv gnvnn a|ıcıvya a|ıcyıg#



?6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

bagho a|ı póvóg`n dc~vya dcy~g# Ľycae a|ıyı dk~geak oèogòv' F~ ó|`ng hngn Ľycae kócpóvóoèog`n yúcngng fov yú| zav`ıv#

Dk~gafocng a|ı zav`ıv' Dk~geaag a|ıaa|ı `ngnen|' _ago a|ı ocn yóycnenkavıŔpıvıceaeacı`ıv' _a|ıa yóycnen zna faŔka fovjdgkyodg ókcngnen|# D# dk~geak oèogòv' Zndk~geacı`ıv à' Fov ióecn fov kncoen fov aga# fov bavj focn oĽycae kócpóvó zn yagapı oèog agcaecı`ıv"0/'

_a|ıgıg agcaeıgı avaŔpıveaàg# yık yıkvaypcag`ıĔı hofo dg~ yóycnen dcavak hnèoŔpovenk#focoeync aèıàg ea|~v húvócnink fov obeac `nĔocòv' F~b~y~ypa Póvk%Ľycae kócpóvóg`n

Focovyog ko focen|yogFov focngn ydvea|yıgKdvkavyıg ko ydv~giaFocovcnv ko focen|yog'ŗnkcog`n# focoeync èacıŔeacavıg gayıc

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Dk~eaa a|ıàg èdk ya npKo kacıv gakŔocn iæboc bappæpHógóeó|`n focn fa|ı ~|apeacı nfin`bagcavıg

focenòkcnvo kdg~à fovfocngn ydveaàg# jokov ocnvo

yóv`ókcnvo# dk~aea`ıkcavı a|ıà cdpd dga`ıkcavı húvócenkpnòv' F~ póv dc~ey~|c~kcavca "`dcacı à dcya/ochoco agcaecı fov bokan zav`ıv' Hnvènkpng dce~Ŕ e~`~v4Foceodv~e' Dcy~g a à dceayıg f~ bokan faga èdkeagoàv# fova| à ovdgok hncov' Hógóeó|`n invnagn`ng dcacava f~ bokan èdk ~h~g `óŔenkpnòv'

Ľko iagàg# yaeoeo avkaàŔ en`vnyn`ngoia|np acıvcav' Fovoyogog a`ı A úpnkogog a`ı oyn \(òv#Ava}èa hvaenv kopa}cavıgà A ocn \ a`cavıga yıkèavaypcagıv' Aea d kopa}cavà# A# \(o yóvnkco `úznv'Fo|oe A ocn \ oyn yúcnòĔoeo| hofo# `dypp~vcav'Fovfovcnvogo èdk ynznvcnv' En`vnyn pabyocog`ng ydgva#

((hó|nc a|ı

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v& baòy%o gnfnzo enacoginfov `nzcnp àovnyog`n oŔ f~c~vcav'A eó`óv# \ oyn ene~v dc~v' Jakap A‟gıg

a|ıyı èovkog# \(gog a|ıyı oyn hó|ncòv' \ avkaàŔı A(gıg eó`óv dceayıga oènvcnv' En`vnyn`n úĔvnpocòĔognhúvn# hó|nc a|ı &ineac# kneac zn eac& oò' Anp#baòy zn kncae%ı kofavcav à fúcn

yúcódv`~' Aea baappa fúcn dceaeıŔpı' AvkaàŔı A#d èovkog &ka| o|ogn& fng|nng a|ıyıca eó`óv dce~Ŕ#kngòyo oyn d hó|nc a|ıyıca ene~v dce~Ŕp~' F~g~ fovpóvcó oèogn yogòvneodv`~' Fov hóg eó`óvógn bopafnga|ıceıŔ fov òcnkèngog kngavıga Ŕúcn fov gdp nkcnv%"Bnc bapp~kn abyng eog bappç/

_ago &yngog a|ıg fngoekog`ng hó|nc eo4&ŗ~g~ `nenk oypnv \# en`vnyn`n úĔvngòĔoeo|n húvn deakaeà yng `nĔoc# fng dceacı`ıe' Èógkó fngoe&a|ıe& yngogkog`ng àba hó|nc! Fov kaè hóg ydgvaeó`óvó ago A# òcnkènn# \(gog gdp~g~g acpıga# fov

ióecn `nvkngav n`nvnk hnvo húg`nvov' _a|`ıĔı ióecnfaŔka fov a|ı zna a|hı ocn ochocoòv' ŗúcnòv#nkcnòĔo gdp< "Bnc ba||~kn abyng eog ba||ç/

_ago yngog Ŕagyıg# pacobog "a|hıg/fngoekog`ng hó|nc eo4 Inza}pa ogin# |avoj# agcaecı fovenyal zav`ıv' HúvógóŔpn bnv oko ióecn `n agı hofoòv'Jakap òkkap nòcovyn# okogio ióecn`n fa|ı gdkpacavıg ydca

`dĔv~ fovnv bavj ka`ıvıc`ıĔı zn fúcnin agcaeıg àpaeaeng `nĔoŔpoĔo agcaŔıcaiakpıv' Fóók Póvk ŔaovoJ~|ûco `n agı oekagcavàg avavcagavak Ŕúcn yúcnv<

&Kacne dcy~g nco dc kæpof%o fn` pabvçvogKo jnyæ`%ı vakaeı y~v~e~|~ Ŕûv ncnv#Hæb fov bavj yókûp~ca gaòvo ncnv gav#Hæb fov gdkpa k~yûv~ca hú|ó kúv ncnv'F~ póv dcacava Ľycae a|ı kócpóvóg`n yıkèa

vaypcagıv' Ľycae a|ıyıgıg bne oja`n |nghogcoĔogo bne ndk~ea |dvc~Ĕ~g~ agcapag f~ ynzoeco bokan`ngacıgaiak boyyn f~ hóg`n hnènvco `nĔoc eo4''

Ľycae a|ıyıgà gdkpa zn úpnko pnizoòŔavnpcnvo# agcaŔıcaiaĔı hofo dk~eaà okogio `nvnin`núgnen bao| ncneagcav`ıv' Ydgvaàg obày nòceoŔcnvòv'Póvk%Ľycae kócpóvóg`n zn yagapıgà fov èdk kopafn znfnchncnv gdkpayı| a à pnizo`



?9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

oŔavnpcnvog`ng dky~g`~v "Enynca# kójo# pacok# voka znyoakap a|ıcavı# ú|nccokcn k~jocnv zn pacok a|ıcav/'

&Avojcnvn gæen a|avcav fçg~kæp& ò|nyogogagcaeıga ~h~g dcavak Ľycae a|ıyı èdĔ~ |aeag gdkpayı|zn pnizo` oŔavnpcnvog`ng eabv~e`~v' Húvóc`óĔó hofo

gdkpayı| a|eak zn dk~eak avojcoĔog oŔavnpoyaıceakpa`ıv' Yd~gag a|ı fncko fov òcfnv%o fóvnbgn(nfng|nenkpn# jakap dk~geayı à d `nvnin |dvcaŔeakpa`ıv'Yagap pavobo avaŔpıveacavıgà# f~ póv |dvc~kcavèú|óecngòkèn# avaŔpıveacav àba à |nzkco zn ochogèbacn hncov' F~ o`òaı dk~aea`ıkcavı a|ıcavı avaŔpıvavak# |aeag oèog`n dk~agcav àba oo agcavcav' F~póv avaŔpıveacavàg `~~cag |nzk# acıgag pa`#focogenngo agcaeaa `dĔv~ apıcag f~ a`ıe# focoeyncavaŔpıveacavıg avıcea| fov }avèayı`ıv' Yagac}yokdcdloyog`nko focho k~vaeıga akıgcıĔı oyn# f~ póvèacıŔeacavıg }yokdcdlok fd~p~ga oŔavnp n`nv' Agı

pninyyóy# pnvn``ó`óg ho`nvocenyo oèog znvocng ~ĔvaŔ# èozoa|ıyıgı# bonvdhcoj a|ıcavıgı à èú|`óveóŔpóv">/' FovoŔavnp# fov a|ı zn f~gcavıg agcaeı'''# bncn avaŔpıveaiıàfov dfynyyoz enpa}bdv dc~Ŕ~gia! Dg~ èú|en envakı#oypneo# èafayı ogyagıg fópóg vabapıgı kaèıvıv' ]vdfcneoèú|en yóvnio# fa|ng ydg~èpag àba |nzkcoòv `ngnfocov'ĽŔpn f~ gn`ngcnòv ko %ncnŔpovenk a à bapa avaeak oèog`nĔoc% ya`nin pninyyóy yaokocn ncoeo|n hnèngaıgcavàko a|ı eac|nencnvogn fov faŔka òkkapn`nvoe' Enynca Kócpóv FakagcıĔı pavaj ıgàgaıgcagag Kócpóv zn Yagap a`cı `nvho`n nv acag":/aıgcav# a|ı eac|nenyo aèıyıgàg èdk |nghogòv' ŗoeò

f~vaà nv acag eakacncnv`ng yaı

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Yaja ?>(`n ?' Vnyoe acpıgà Ka|zog Enyio`%oI~ea(yıgıg KúŔk Enyioò(g`ng Acèı zn P~Ĕca fn|nena`cı focho nv aceakpa`ıv' F~ focho bne npnvyo| bne `n`dĔv~ `nĔocòv' F~ k~Ŕak fov yóycnen `nĔocòv' Óyppnkok~Ŕak èoènkco kûjç póvóg`n èdk |avoj fov a|ı`ıv' _a|ı

K~v(ag%ı Knvoe# Eó|neeoc Yûvnyo 6=' Anppov'Dk~g~Ŕ~ Ŕúcnòv<

Acppa knenv kazoyo óypóg`n `n nv acag a|ı oyn# hngn kûjç kavakpnv`n dc~} K~v(ag%ı Knvoe Fakava

y~vnyo >1 zn >6' anpcnvòv'Anpog dk~g~Ŕ~ oyn Ŕúcnòv<



?0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Yaja ?:( a nv acag 16' Vnyeog acpıgà oyn&Avòypag Enyio`%o I~eayı(gıg KúŔk Enyioòg`ng Acèı zn P~Ĕca Fn|nen& a|ıyı nv aceakpa`ıv' Hngn a|ı eac|nenyo f~vaà à hú| av`ı nòcenkpnòv' Bacf~koa|ıgıg agcaeı ocn a|ıc ıĔı enkag avayıgà hú| av`ı nòcnennink fov ocoŔko zav`ıv' F~vaà nv acag Yócóykavakpnv`nko oko a|ı k~ŔaĔı# fopkoync edpoj zn vûeçnfng|nv yóycnen ncneagcavıca |neogn faĔcageıŔpıv'

YaĔàko a|ı k~ŔaĔı K~v(ag%ı Knvoe 6>:0%:>(ogioanpcnvòv zn dk~g~Ŕ~ Ŕúcnòv<

Agcae dcavak à Enyio`(cn akıgàgochocoòv'

Ydcàko a|ı k~ŔaĔı oyn hngn agı kavakpnv`ndc~} K~v(ag%ı Knvoe 6>:6(ogio anppov' Zn dk~g~Ŕ~Ŕúcnòv<

Agı nv`n# ~kavıàko k~ŔaĔıg acpıgà nv acagzn vnyeo acpıgà &Avòypag Enyio`%o I~ea(yıgıg KúŔkEnyioò(g`ng P~Ĕca zn Acèı Fn|nen& fochocnvo znvocng

a|ı oyn èoènkco kûjo kavakpnv`n dc~}# acppa fnyencnhúvócenkpnòv' F~ a|ı k~ŔaĔı hngn anp dc~} "Fnyencnnv ac`ıĔıga húvn/ K~v(ag%ı Knvoe :6? gdc~ anppov'Paeaeı 11 anp dcag f~ y~vngog a`ı I~ea Yûvnyo(òv'Agcae dcavak Enyio`%o I~ea ocn pae fov ~~eoèog`nòv' F~ anp enkaga agcae znvenkpn# enkagıgjdgkyodg~g~# aeaiıgı òcn hnpovenkpnòv'

Hngn yaja ?:(à húvócng# acpıgà&Hóc}aaag Enyio`%o I~eayı(gıg KúŔk EnyioòEobvafıgàg P~Ĕca Fn|nen& fochoyo f~c~gag ydgvnyen hncovynk; fov knvn vnyoe pnvy fayıceıŔpıv' Vnyeoagcaeak oèog eac|neno pnvy ènzovo} fakeakhnvnkenkpnòv' Úvhócó kûjo kavakpnv`nko a|ı# agiak d|aeag òkkapco zn acaga zakıj fov avaŔpıveaiı pavaj ıgàg húvócnfocov' FocogenòĔo oèog eo dkyaàchıgcıkca ıe pnvy fayıceıŔpıv4 Agcaeak eóekóg`nĔocòv' @okkapco fov avaŔpıveaiı# yóycnengog`dĔayıgı focng fov ogyag# eac|nengog yóycnendcea`ıĔıgı javk n`nfocov' F~ vnyoe`nko e~bpnza okoúg`ng ncn acıgafocov<

1% _a|ı 6% _a|ıgıg ~kavı ~|agag kdccavıga

faĔcagag zn fnŔhngcnv dc~Ŕp~vaghnèencnv'

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úgneco zn agcaecı'F~ úgneco eac|neno yóycnen òn

hnèoŔpovenk knengèncn eavŔ èaceaa fng|nenkpnòvzn }nŔog bókóecó`óv' F~vaàko eac|nen `n paeaengyóycnen `nĔocòv# èógkó pnk fov edpojog pnkvavı znayóycnenn pnenc dcag ú|nccokcnv dkp~v' D bac`n gayıcdk~gaiakpıv' Fo|oe a}pıĔıeı| bavj zn kncoenóyc~}cavıgı pnyfop npenkpov' F~ gdkpaà úgneco dcag}vdfcne# a|ıcıŔı agı dc~}# gdkpacavca avıcag bavj znkncoencnvòv' Enynca zaz# kaj# jn# ag# hag# ba# ioe#



?>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

àc# |nc# va# pı# |ı hofo bavjcnv' F~ bavjcnvo fovfovcnvog ngaıveak hóè dc`~Ĕ~ oèog dk~ea à `dĔac dcavak|dvcaŔeakpa`ıv' F~ga vaĔeng pabeog dc~ca# bavjcnvnhúvnzcnv ókcnnvnk# kncoen avageayıga `nzaenòcnfocov' NĔnv fov kncoen f~c~g~dvya# ago `dĔv~

dk~g~vya# enpgog paeaeıgı f~ceak kdcacaŔıv' Enynca#òncoe ko fov anpog fov kncoenyogo f~c`~k; anpogpaeaeıgı K~v(ag%ı Knvoe Yú|iókcnvo(cnpaeaecaafocovo|' F~vayı fov iaeoo dc`~Ĕ~ga húvn# ockakca hncng# fov anp dceayı obpoeacoòv zn fúcnòv `n'_~kavıàko eac|nen`n# fov hnŔpacp oèog`n ng javkcı#`nĔoŔok dcag kncoen zna }avèa

kncoenyoòv' F~vaàg kncoengog kúkó dcag

kncoenyogo K~v(ag%ı Knvoe Cóhapo(g`ng avaeaahnènfocovo|"2/' D |aeag húvócninkpov ko kncoenK~v‟ag%ı Knvoe(`n }nk èdk anppn hnèenkpnòv'F~vaàko

Ŕnkcocn Fakava Y~vnyogog 662>%62: anpcnvoòv' F~anpcnvog enyio``n nv aceayıgıg avıia`nĔnvcngòvocenyo hnvnkenkpnòv Èógkó anpog"Aengnvvny~có/ agcaeıca eoeavo ncneag avayıgà# jdvezn jdgkyodg aèıyıgàg ocoŔko dceacı`ıv zn zav`ıv à'''Eobvaf acıgcıĔıga a|ıcag zn eobvafıg a ı hnèng 998g~eavacı anp hofo'

Hóc}aahag Enyio`%o I~eayı(gıg kúŔkenyioò eobvafıgà nv acag zn Fakava Y~vnyo(gog ydgoko anpogo enàga hnpovng# Aengnvvnyûcó òn focogngf~ eófavnk anpcnv# Eovai hninyog`n B|' E~baeen (nzayıpayı| Ŕnkoc`n zabdc~gag anpcnv dc~}# ngòŔnnka}ıcag ogyagcava kdcacıkcav

fabynòceoŔ# ydv~ec~c~kcav bajojcnpoceoŔpov' _ó|ıccavfd~ Aengnvvnyûcó anpcnvogog iaeocnvoeo|`ndk~geayı# bnv baj ı|ıg f~ anpcnvo n|fnvcnenyo èdkagcaecı húvócenkpnòv' Iaeo(`n f~ anpcnvog ynèoceoŔ dceayı# f~ fakıeàg e~pc~ fov baòyno `n bapıvcapıv'

FocogòĔo hofo envb~e Yócneag Èncnfo `n f~ anpcnvogdk~g~Ŕ~gàg ocbae acavak ıccav ydgva Enzco` a`cı ógcónynvogo a|eıŔpıv' F~ nynv ogagagcav oèog znyocnp ~(g%gniap`ıv' F~ gn`ngcn f~ anpcnvog ogagagcavıghúgóccnvogn zn v~bcavıga znvòĔo Ŕoja zn b~|~v agıgà#ynfn} dc`~Ĕ~ (enzco ( bæòynyo `n nfnònghúgóccnvoeo|`n aŔaaiakpıv'

Húvóc`óĔó hofo# yagap pavobo ogincnencnvo znf~gcavàg nc`n nòcnink znvocnv# kócpóvóeó| oèog èdk`nĔnvco ydg~ècav dvpaa kdeakpa`ıv' F~ ydg~ècav fov èdkacaga ıŔık p~paiak goincokpn zn `nĔnv`n húvócenkpnòv'Fov a|ı eac|nenyogog agcaŔıceaàg# dv~ecageaàg

yóycnen dcavak gopncngòvocenyo# agcaŔıcafocninĔo hofo#focoeync avaŔpıveagıg nkyokyo|coĔo dcavak dvpaaèıkeakpa`ıv'

F~ `nja Kócpóv FakagcıĔı pavaj ıgàg bnePóvkèn zn bne `n oghoco|in dcavak ba|ıvcagag&Hncngnkync Póvk Yagapcavı&"?/ a`cı kopa}paòkkapoeo|o ènkng fov bapaàg yú| npenk oypodv~e' F~kopafıg 1>' Yajayıgà Fóók Yncè~kc~ Y~cpagı Ac}Avycag(a aop dc`~Ĕ~ fncovpocng hóeóŔ fov pn}yo vnyeo nvaceakpa`ıv' Vnyoe acpı fochocnvogn fakıcıvya# pn}yo E'Y'1=:: ıcıga pavobcngenkpn zn ó|nvog`n Y~cpag Ac}Avycag(ıg a`ı a|ıcı f~c~geakpa`ıv' Pn}yogog úfóv

ó|ógó húvnenòĔoeo| zn gn a|ı

cı

dc`~Ĕ~g~ àfocnenòĔoeo| oèog# húvógng ó|ógó ogincnennfaŔca`ık'

Pn}yogog dvpayıgà kûjo a|ıı ag ıvag fovk~Ŕak húvócenkpnòv' K~Ŕak akıgàg ogincngòĔo|aeag òkncnvog# apacavıg# `óĔóecnvog zn |avoj |ójncnvog e~gpa|ae vopeo k~ŔaĔıg# yóycnen `nĔoc# a|ı dc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvenkpnòv' F~ k~Ŕak gn yabpn a|ı gn `nyóycnenòv' Dk~geak oèog a|ıceıŔ fov a|ı`ıv' Jakap f~bacocn dk~geayı oekagyı| húvógódv' _a|ıgıgdk~gaeaıŔıgıg ynfnfo# a|ıgıg hovojpcoĔog`ng zna bapacı a|ıceayıgàg `nĔoc# pnvy fayıceayıgàg`ıv' Ľycaea|ıyıgıg dk~g~Ŕ zn a|ıcıŔ ú|nccokcnvogo focenngcnvoèog# f~ agcıŔcıĔıg vabapyı| nòio fov agı dk'



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Aea fova| eóvnkkn} acaeıŔ fov a|ı envakcıyı# a|ıı dk~eak oypnninkpov' Gopnkoe úcndc`~ zn fo| `n f~ a|ıı dk~eak oypnòk' Ac} Avycaga ıgı fnb~`n ava`ık `~v`~k' Gn`ng ydgva a}ıcagbapaı javk nò}# yaĔàg ydca a|ıcı} zn agı oypokaenppn dk~gag a|ıı# ydcàg yaĔa! dk~eaaèacıŔpık' Agiak f~ èafagıg ydg~i~# &Ny%Y~cpag&

kncoenyogog dk~geayıca# dc~ec~ fov úg ac`ı' F~`nja Cndgav`d(g~g a|ıcavıgı dk~v hofo# agaav`ıeıca a|ıgıg paeaeıgı dk~`~k"1=/' _a|ıgıgpaeaeı Ŕúcn<

Ny%Y~cpag a`~`~(`%@og

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e~bpnenc dc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvenkpnòv# Aea fo|oeó|nvog`n `~v`~Ĕ~e~| b~y~y f~vayı `nĔoc' F~ gdkpa àbaèdk pavobèocnvo ochocngòvodv'

Fo| a|ıa `úgncoe' \aeag zn enkagıga|ıa dcag npkoyo# a|ıgıg óyc~f~# kûjo a|ıgıg# fovfakıea agıpyac zn vnyeo agıga oŔavnp npenkpnòv'

Agiak# ~kavıà oŔavnp nòcòĔo hofo Póvkèn znĽghoco|in ba|ıvcagag zn fúcnin ~vp `ıŔıga à~caŔafocninĔo `óŔógócng fúcnyogn úgneco zn o`òacı fovnynv`n húvócng f~ bapagıg pncajoyo avpık eóekóg`nĔocòv'

Ydg~è dcavak Ľycae _a|ıyı(gıg yagap pavobo

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Ľycae yagapcavı fópógóg`n a|ıgıg hovenòĔoacagıg dk `ngnink kaàv a| dc`~Ĕ~ hú| úgógnacıgıvya# a|ıgıg úgneo àba à avpeakpa`ıv'@óŔógino zn `~h~~ paŔıag a|ı# yagap pavoboèacıŔeacavıgıg ng úgneco zayıpacavıgàg fovoyoòv'



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@o}gdpcav

1' Fn`vnppog _A\OV; En`ngonp Acneog`n _a|ı zn ĽycaeEn`ngonpog`n Kacne Hó|nco# Agkava 1?21

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0' F~ kdg~ oèog Fk|' E^YPAKĽE\A@N YócneagYa`n` og; P~bjn%o Bappapıg# Ľypagf~c 1?62'KackaŔagò; Y~fb~(c A(Ŕa# Kabovn 1?10' V'EncócENVcÈ; Póvk Pn|ogo Yagapcavı# Ľypagf~c Hó|ncYagapcav Enie~ayı _aıgcag< 1?89' PAŗKÚ]VÓ\A@NAbenp Njng o; Enz|ûap%~(c% cûe# "Ènz< Kneacn` ogEnbenp Njngò/# @nvyaa`np Ľkàe Eapfaayı# Ľypagf~c1919'

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2' Eabe~p ÈAGHA; K~v(ag%ı Knvoe Cóhapo# PoeaŔ _aıgcavı< 12# Ľypagf~c 1??1'

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1=' F~ aŔaeaà faga av`ıeiı dcag Ka|ıe _aŔavKd}vaeag(a pnŔnkkóv n`nvoe' Boè `nĔocyn a`~`Kncoenyog`n dcy~g agcaŔpık'

11' ' Acpag KÚ_ENG; Ac} Avycag zn \aeagı# Agkava#1?29'Y' 1=%19'



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]vdj'@v' Enbenp @NEĽVIĽ

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Hó|nc yagapcav oèog`n eoeavogog pavpıŔıcea| fovnvo zav`ıv' Eoeavo nynv hú|n bopaf n`nv# eóŔabbaypıv'Ayıvcavıg úpnyog`ng ogpokac n`ng húvync eac|neno ngknypoven dcàg o`vakoeo|n y~gav' @~~cavıeı|avayıgà &hú|&óg pavpıŔıcea| fov óypógcóĔó zav`ıv' Foveoeavo nynvogo `n fd~pcavı# ókynkcoĔo# æbngk zn

pngayófó# kıyaiayı ènŔopco ~gy~vcavı zn hó|nccokcnvocn#úgin hú|óeó|cn achıcavı|'

Úcn eoeavo nynvcnv zav ko# pnk faŔcavıga fovŔnbvo pneyoc n`nvcnv' Bdia Abenp _nynzo Póvfnyof~gcavàg fovoòv' Nyko a`ı _nyo dcag f~hógkóPóvkoypag Ŕnbvo Abenp _nynzo Póvfnyo yanyog`núgneco fov eagnzo envkn| dcea ú|nccoĔogo `nzaenpovenkpnòv' Pavobpn `n fúcnò' Hncninkpn `n fúcndcaiakpıv' ŗó}bnyo| ayıc `nĔnv Abenp _nynzo(gogŔabyıgàg hncenkpnòv' D# Bokenp(cnvocn# k~v`~Ĕ~_nynzocok pavokæpocn# npoŔpovòĔo }nk èdk úĔvngioyocnROO' _ó|ıcàg opofavng bneng fópóg Póvk%Ľycæe

pd}c~c~kcavıga ıŔık p~peakpa`ıv' Aea ynko| ayıvàg fnvoènŔopco pavobo dcacav# oypocæcav# ydyac `nĔoŔencnv ydg~i~fncko `n ~g~p~c~} ho`nfocovò' Dg~g bnv |aeagbapıvcageayıgà# `nzaecı |oavnp nòcng póvfnyogogúgneco vdcó ogkæv nòcnen|' \aeagıeı|à ngo`nghóg`nen hncenyog`n# ogn f~ e~bpnŔne a}ıgıg pnyovodce~Ŕp~v'

Bdia Abenp _nynzo ^c~ycavavayı Póvk %Ka|ak Ógoznvyopnyo# yagko _nynzo Póvfnyo(goghúchnyog`n k~v~ce~Ŕp~v' Bæcng Vnkpúvcók dcavakk~ccagıcag foga ocn ŗavkoap Jakócpnyo zn fov kıyıe ~vpfogacavı f~ póvfnn fakı} `~veakpa`ıv' Eazo# nŔoc

èogocnvcn yóycó |avoj k~ffncnvogo bnv fakı

Ŕpa húvenkeóekóg`óv' _a}ıeı `nzae n`ng ngo ógoznvyopnkae}óyó `n agı fúchngog iozavıgà`ıv' _nynzoPóvfnyo(gog envkn|cok nppoĔo f~ ènzvn# akıg |aeagàea`ò zn eagnzo kackıgeagıg hó|nc fov úvgnĔogoznvninkpov'

Aben` _nynzo Póvfnyo(go pavobog ng enŔb~viobaghov zn yazaŔèıcavıgàg fovo dcag Neov Poe~va}pıveıŔpıv' D yazaŔ enàgcavıgàko aiıeayı|cıĔıga znha`àvcıĔıga vaĔeng# ocen zn yagapa `óŔkóg`ó# òg znpayazz~j fóókcnvogn yahı zn ocho húypnvovò' Engkıfnnhúvn# znjapıgàg ydgva à knvaenpcnvo `nzae n`ngAben` _nynzo# kngòyog`ng oko ayıv ydgva aŔaagPoe~v(~g vóayıga hovnvnk F~bava(gıg jnpbogo eól`ncnv'F~ oŔavnp ó|nvogn a`ı hnèng Ŕnbvo jnpbn`ng Poe~v# fovŔókvag `~h~y~ ocn Abenp _nynzo(o |oavnp oèog_nyo(n hncov' \oavnppng ydgva fov póvfn a}ıceayıgı nevn`nv' Póvfn(n nkcngng enyio`# `nvhæb# e~pjak znòĔnv bo|enp fogacavı ocn oko ıcà e~bpnŔne fov Kóccondvpaa èıkav'

Neov Poe~v(a Ŕókvag fdvèc~~|' Fo|n Aben_nynzo Póvfnyo(go# fov yagap zn eoeavo



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ŕabnynvo dcag f~ Kóccono fıvakpıĔı oèog eoggnp`~~dv~|'

Aben` _nynzo Póvfnyo# acpı ó|ıcıgpabvofapıca zn ydg ayıvcavàko obeac nòceoŔcokcnıkıcea pnbcoknyocn kavŔı kavŔıa f~c~g~dv`~' V~yfdefav`ıeagıgıg aiı bapıvayıgı à `~zavcavıgà bæcæ

yakcaag f~ e~bpnŔne nynv# vnypdvn nòcennfaŔcageıŔpıv' Fópóg Póvk zn Ľycæe æcneogog dvpakba|ognyo zn kócpóv `nĔnvo dcag f~ Kóccongogvnypdvaydg~g~# Ka|akoypag @nzcnpo ocn a}ıcag fovagcaŔea ydg~i~ Póvkon I~eb~vonpo ó|nvogn aceıŔpıv'FaŔka `nzcnpcnvog `n paco} dc`~Ĕ~ f~ |dvc~ paeovap oŔogo#envb~e I~eb~vfaŔkagı P~vh~p Ú|ac(ıg hovoŔoeocn#fópóg eayvajcavıca fovcokpn @nzcnpoeo| óypcngeoŔpov'1??9 ıcıgà faŔcaag vnypdvn jaaconpog`n# úgin pnencnogoceoŔ# hnzŔnk |neogog yaĔcaecaŔeayı oèog pdgcaviafnpdg `dch~ a}ıceıŔpıv' P~Ĕcayıgàg èogoyogn kaàv#èdk popo| pabcoccnvcn :== ıc úgin k~ccagıcag eac|nengog

ú|nccokcnvo pny}op nòcnvnk# dvlogacogog agıyı a}ıceaaèacıŔıceakpa`ıv'

F~ a|ıà ayıc ó|nvog`n `~veak oypnòĔoeAben` _nynzo Póvfnyo(gog `ıŔ ó|óg`nko a|ıcav`ıv'FocogòĔo hofo Póvk % Ľycæe eoeavoyog`n ènŔopcokavakpnv`nko a|ıcav za|hnèocen| fov ~gy~v`~v' Enpogdcavak K~v(ag anpcnvog`ng# Baòycnv`ng zn kncæe%ı kofavàg ynèocng f~ bap úvgnkcnvo# f~c~g`~kcavı nvnúcnyogn ~~e oèog`n kapıcıvcav ko# fa|ng dgcavı fovyóycnen ~gy~v~ |aggn`nfocovyogo|'

Póvkoypag( a Aben _nynzo

Ógoznvyopnyo(g`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~e : acı

k yóvn oèog`n_nynzo Póvfnyo(go yık yık |oavnp nppoe# ènzvnyogo`dcaŔpıe' Vnypdvaydg `dcaıyıca oènvoyogn bnv |aeaghovo} ogincnen`n f~c~geak eóekóg dcea`ıĔıgàg àbaèdk `ıŔ in}bnyogo pn`kok nppoe' ŗ~g~ bnengfncovpencooe ko# fd|kıvà aèeıŔ gaò`n fov èoènĔnzna zovagncnv dvpayıgà }avcaag kıenpco foveóinzbnvn fng|npocnfocnink f~ nynvo# fov kaè kıya|oavnpcn pagıafocenk eóekóg nĔocòv'

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&>?' Hafıg agabpavcavı D(g~gkapıgà`ıv# dgcavı agiak D focov' Kavaà zn`ngo|`n dcagı focov' @óŔng a}vaĔı# nvogkavagcıkcavıgà dcag pagno# aŔı k~v~~ % koa}aèık Kopa}(pa`ıv % agiak D focov' :=' Hnincnog yo|oúcó hofo ~~pag# hóg`ó|óg a}pıkcavıgı|ı focng#

e~ka``nv dcag baap yóvngo| `dc~giaa kaàvhóg`ó|cnvo pnkvav kac`ıvag D(`~v' Ydgva`úgóŔógó| D(ga`ıv# oŔcnòkcnvogo|o yo|nfocòvninkpov' :1%:6' D# k~ccavı ó|nvog`n nhægnBakoe(òv# yo|n kdv~~i~cav húg`nvov' Avpıkfovogo|n úcóe hncogin ncèocnvoeo|# fov nkyokcoka}eakyı|ıg dg~g iagıgı acıvcav# ydgva hnvènkEnzcæcavıga `úg`óvócóvcnv' Bafnvogo| dcy~g#bókóe D(g~g`~v' D# bnya} húvngcnvog ngyóv(apcoyoòv' :9' @n ko< Kava zn `ngo|ogkavagcıkcavıgàg yo|o koe k~vpavıv4 D(ga ho|co ho|coaczavıv akavıvyıgı|'''& "Yaàkaccab/' Èn}n ènzvn

`nzae n`ng a|ı

# :9' ænp paeaecageaàg ydganvodv'Envkn|o k~ffngog ynko|hng kaygaĔıgà#

fóók kûjo bapca èn}nènzvn Ŕ~ yú|cnvpnkvavcageakpa`ıv' &nc%Ogænpó coccæb# nc%Apa coccæb&"Ľocok Accab oèogòv# faĔıŔ Accab oèogòv'/

Enpogcnvo koe ynèpoyn# yagko Poe~v(a znaaŔıvı `óga `óŔkógó bnvknyn# `dcacı dcàg fovobpavà f~c~geak oypneoŔ hofoòv' Hngn envkn|ok~ffngog kavn húz`nyogog `dĔ~ zn fapı ó|cnvog`n dvpaóyp kıyıecavà# goy}npng kóèók yócóy bavjcnvcn Ŕ~ oja`nnv acıv' &Kacn(g%gnfoó acnbo(y%yncæe< n`%@ógæiojnpóg zn pæcofóbæ kocæfóg'& "]nhaefnv

acnboyyncæe f~~v`~' @óga fov cnŔpov zn dg~goypnkcoyo kú}nkcnvòv'/

Aben` _nynzo(gog kafvogog f~c~g`~Ĕ~fúcóeóg óypógn oyafnp n`ng kóèók k~ffngoghúz`nyog`n bac%ı ba|ıvà èn}nènzvn# ovo zn gnjoy fovkûjo bapca# æ`npa iagcıeıŔèayıga &nc%Eóckó coccæb&"Eóck Accab(ıg`ıv# óincok Accab(ıg`ıv/ a|ıcavı pnkvavcagavak nzae npenkpn`ıv'

A`ı hnèng nzagıg ydc ag ó|óg`n acppagfaŔcaı}# ~kavıa èıkavak pn}no `dcaŔı} aŔaĔıa`dĔv~ `nzae n`ng zn yaĔ acp pavajpa ydg f~cag`nkdvapoj húvógóecó kûjo a|ıı oyn `njacavia

fakeaea vaĔeng# agiak ydg hógcnv`n dk~afocòe'Èdk ovo# hndenpvok foèoecnv aceıŔ zn nzagıg oèog`n`úgnvnk `nzae n`ng f~ a|ıı akıg enyajn`n`~v~gia yúkenk eóekóg dce~dv' Gobanp fov hóg 6==enpvn kaàv ~|akpag fakavkng èú|nfocòe zn fóókynzogè `~`~e< &Kacn Vny~cóccab< Eng avajn gnjynbgnjynbû jn ka` avajn Vaffnb'& "Vny~ccóccab f~~v`~<Kngògo focng Vaffogo focov'/ Payazz~j kopa}cavıgà yıkèahnèng zn baòy dcavak |okvnòcng f~ oja`n# nzagıgydg~gàko ka}ıgıg



1==

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

bneng avkayıgà apeakpa dcag Bdia Aben` _nynzopavaj ıgàg à ocbae kagaĔı dcavak Ŕúcn`nĔnvcngòvocenkpn oò<

Accab nĔoc n k~c Aben` ú|ógh fochocÚ|ógh foceoŔ oceogh fovcn aenc kıchıc

Aben` _nynzo póvfnyo `dĔ~# k~|n znin}bncnvog`n# ea(kıc bapca fov kaè kncoencok# fakcazaòcoecnvogo ag`ıvag hndenpvok oypojcnv`ng dc~Ŕag zn`~zavcavıg in}bncnvogo paeaeng ka}caag a|ıcav nvaceakpa`ıv' F~gcavıg fov èdĔ~

Accab# E~baeen`# Aben`# Aba` hofo kncoencnv`ngdc~Ŕeakpa`ıv' Gn a|ık ko f~gcavıg paeaeıgı `nŔojvnn`nenòe' ŗ~ kaàvıgı yúcnnfocovoe< Bnv gn kaàvfovfovogn fng|nv húvógódvya à# bnv óè in}bn`nkoa|ı oypojcnvo faŔka faŔka`ıv# ago agı kncoenhv~}cavàg dc~Ŕeaeakpa`ıv' Eoeavo a}ıyıca dc`~Ĕ~

kaàv# ó|nvog`nko a|ı enpogcnvocn `n Accab(ıgóincoĔogo# a|aenp zn k~`vnpogo yúcno} `~vag; D(g~gynzhoco ]nhaefnvogog oyeocn zn yú|cnvocn `~zavcavı yóycnng Aben` _nynzo Póvfnyo(gog ayıc yabofogogboeenp zn fnvnknpogog Póvkcók æcneo ó|nvog`n àoedceayı òcnkcnvoecn'



1=1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

_NGĽ @ÓG_A @Ó\NGĽ< FAVOŗ ZN ĽŗFĽVCĽėĽ EĽ# ÈAPOŗEAZN @Ó\NGYĽ\CĽK EĽ4

_v`' @dè' @v' Af`óckaòv FABAVÈĽÈNK

Ľ gúgó Ógoznvyopnyo ĽĽ FJ Kae~ _úgnpoeo FúcóeóÚ Ĕ vnpoe Ónyo

HovoŔ Ydg ıccavà ~c~ycavavayı }dcopoka èdk úgneco

hncoŔencnvn yabgn dc`~' Ľkogio @óga yazaŔıgàg ydgva~c~ycavavayı }dcopokaı Ŕnkoccngòvng YdĔ~k YazaŔ znf~g~g ó|nvogn Ŕnkoccngng oko k~p~}c~ `óga `ó|ngo ydganveoŔ# @dĔ~ % Fapı in}bncnŔenyo dvpaàg kackeıŔ#Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo àĔıceıŔ# Azv~}a FovcoĔo(gn `dĔv~ ngoa`ıecav apıceıŔ# @dĔ~ Azv~}a zn Fackagcavàkokdeógoyp oàvncnv `nzvoceoŔ zn Dvpa`dĔ~( a ydg kıvkıcıg ng io`ò yazaŔcavıgàg fovo dcag Kúvjn| YazaŔı aŔageıŔpıv' Fópóg f~ dcacav Póvkon oèog oko aèıàgfóók úgne av|npenkpnòv' Fovogioyo# bneng bnengfópóg dcacav Póvkon(o k~Ŕapag idĔvajacav ó|nvog`naŔag ı' Úgóeó|`nko ıccavà agı idhvajacavıgydv~gc~ fúchncnv dcavak kaceacavı à fóók obpoeacàbocog`nòv' Ľkogioyo# enàga hncng f~ dcacavPóvkon(gog `ıŔ }dcopokayı ó|nvog`n úgneco npkocnv

enàga hnpoveoŔ zn Póvkon(gog eocco zn hózngcokèıkavcavıgı io`ò fov Ŕnkoc`n pnbòp npeoŔpov'

ŗó}bnyo| ydg ıccavà enàga hncnghncoŔencnv Póvkon aèıyıgàg èdk úgneco j ıvyapcav à`dĔ~v`~' Póvkon# ngo hncoŔencnvcn fnvafnv#Fackagcav# Dvpa`dĔ~# Dvpa Aya zn Kajkaya( a àbafóók zn npkoco fov vdc dgaea oekagı nc`n nppo zn~|~g za`n`n fúchnync fov hóè dcea j ıvyapı akacaeıŔ dc`~' Enàga hncng dcacavı àba oo agcaafocenk oèogydg ıccavà yık yık hóg`nen hncng zn pavpıŔea kdg~y~dcag (_ngo @óga @ó|ngo( kazvaeıgıg pavpıŔıceayı ocnvo`n a}ıcaiak dcag `nĔnvcngòvencnvn ıŔık p~paiakpıv'

F~ eakacn`n àba |oa`n _ngo @óga @ó|ngo kazvaeı ó|nvog`n `~v~caiak zn ~c~ycavavayı }dcopokaàkohncoŔencnvog Póvkon aèıyıgàg `nĔnvcngòvocenyo f~èacıŔeaı paeaecaaiak dcag ngo fov eakacngogkdg~y~g~ pnŔkoc n`ninkpov'

_ngo @óga @ó|ngo _ngo @óga @ó|ngo ~c~ycavavayı }dcopoka a ydg

ıccavà enàga hncng hncoŔencnvcn fnvafnv dvpaaèıkag fov kazvae# acpı èo|ocnvnk fncovpocenco ko f~kazvae ó|nvog`n bnvbagho fov ~|caŔea zn húvóŔ fovcoĔoenzi~p `nĔoc' Fnvcog `~zavıgıg ıkıceayı zn YdznpcnvFovcoĔo(gog àĔıceayı `óga hóè `nghnyogog `n kúkcó fov

Ŕnkoc`n `nĔoŔenyogn dc aèpı' F~ hncoŔen fovèdk `óŔógóvavayıgà javkcı dv~ecavı à fnvafnvog`n hnpovò'Fovèdkcavıga húvn ngo `ó|ng# in}bncnŔen znèapıŔeaàg |oa`n oŔfovcoĔo zn àagıŔea ó|nvognk~v~caiak' _ngo yoypne`n bakoe dcag `nĔnvcnv oyn Fapı `nĔnvcnvo dcaiak' _ogn ngo yoypne oko k~p~}c~c~kpag pnkk~p~}c~c~Ĕa hnènink zn f~ ngo `úgne`n AF@`ógaàko pnk bakoe hóè dcavak fncovnink' FaŔka fovhv~} `óŔógóvn húvn oyn `ógaàko hóè `nghnyo `nĔoŔpo#jakap Ŕ~ agà `ógaà



1=6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

fov`ng ja|ca hóèpng fabynpenk eóekóg`óv' _ngo hóè`nghnyog`n La}dga zn Aceaga hofo nkdgdeokdcavak hóècó óckncnv `n avpık fovnv `óga hóió`~v~e~gà`ıvcav' F~ oko húvóŔóg dvpak }aàyı ngo`úgne`n Fapıcı `nĔnvcnvog "cofnvac `nedkvayo zn ]a|avnkdgdeoyo/ `ógaà bakoe `nĔnv avhıcavı dcaiaĔı

zavyaıeı`ıv' ŗó}bnyo| f~ aŔaeaà `ógagıg gayıc fovhóè `nghnyogn `dĔv~ hoppoĔogo knyog dcavak oja`n npenkeóekóg `nĔocòv' Koeogn húvn `óga pnk k~p~}c~c~Ĕa`dĔv~ ho`nvkng# koeogn húvn èdk k~p~}c~c~kkaèıgıcea|`ıv' Enynca ıccavia oko k~p~}c~ `óga`ó|ngogo ncnŔpovng Èogco co`nvcnvn húvn úgóeó|`nkoıccavà `óga hóè `nghnyo fov hnèoŔ yóvnio aŔaaiakzn èdk k~p~}c~ fov a}ı dvpaa èıkaiakpıv "1/'

F~ oko `óŔógin akıeıgıg agıgà óèógió fovhv~} oyn ngo `úgneog npgok# ògo zn eocconpèoakıecavàg kagakcagag `óŔók `ó|n`n èapıŔeacavayabgn dcaiaĔıgı# fagŔpag |oa`n yazaŔıg bókóe

yóvninĔogo z~vh~caeakpa`ıv' _ngo `úgne`n f~akıecav bne `óga hózngcoĔogo zn bne `n Fapıcı `nĔnvcnvo pnbòp n`ninkpov' Kıyaiayı# `óga ngo`úgne`n àba èdk èapıŔeacava yabgn dcaiakpıv' _ognÈogco co`nvcnvn húvn Ŕ~ agà `óga hóè `nghnyog`n Fapı cnbogn fov hncoŔen aŔageakpa`ıv' Jakap úgóeó|`nko`úgne`n oko k~p~}c~ `óga yoypneogog faypıv`ıĔı èapıŔeacav `ógaà bakoe ú|nccok dcavak dvpaaèıkanakpıv"6/'

@nĔoŔok `óŔógóvcnv pavaj ıgàg `óga `ó|ngojavkcı agcaŔıceakpa`ıv' F~g~gca fnvafnv f~ kdg~àko`óŔógincnvo oko pnenc kapnhdvon aıveak eóekóg`óv<

1' _ngo `úgneog ng fncovhog ú|nccoĔo `nedkvayo# }a|avnkdgdeoyo# favıŔ zn oŔfovcoĔo dcaiakpıv# 6' _ngo `úgne#ngo èapıŔeacav zn ngo oypokvavyı|cıkcav hnpovninkpov'

@nedkvayo zn ]a|av NkdgdeoyoÈaĔı zna (Pavobog Ydg~(Fov `óŔógin akıeıga húvn `nedkvayo zn

}a|av nkdgdeoyo agcaeıga hncng ngo `óga `ó|ngo#gobao dcavak favıŔ zn oŔfovcoĔo ydg~i~g~ `dĔ~vaiakpıv'Aavdg Xocàzyk(n húvn hnèeoŔpnko ae}vok `ncoccnv `nhúypnveoŔpov ko `nedkvayocnv fovfovcnvogn kavŔı yazaŔ aèea|cav' NĔnv yazaŔyacav focn f~ èdk a| Ŕo``npo obpoza

n`nv "9/' F~ `óŔógin `dĔv~cp~y~gà @dĔ~ %Fapı in}bncnŔenyogog ydga nvenyo Azv~}a kıpayıgı bnv|aeagkog`ng àba hózngco kıceıŔpıv "0/'

Ľko k~p~}c~ `óga `ó|ngogog hnvocnenyocnfnvafnv ~c~ycavavayı yoypne èdk k~p~}c~ fov a}ıa`dĔv~ hopenkpnòv' F~ ngo a}ı oènvoyog`n Aceaga#FovcnŔok Azv~}a zn La}dga `óga }dcopokayıgà ngok~p~}cav dcavak yabgnn èıkeakpa`ıvcav' F~ hncoŔen

ngo`úgne`n nkdgdeok hóióg ayknvo hóèpng àbaúgneco dcaiaĔıgı húypnvenkpnòv ">/'

_ogn f~ `óŔógin akıeıga húvn cofnvac`nedkvayo `ógaà fagŔ zn oypokvav oèog pnenc úcèódcaiakpıv' @dĔ~ Azv~}a( nko yoypneog ojcayı# Kúvjn|YazaŔı# kdeógo|eog èúkóŔó zn Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gog

àĔıceayı `nedkvayoo _ngo @óga @ó|ngogog pnencavaiı bacogn hnpoveoŔpov' Boè Ŕó}bn dk ko fovkaè ıcúginyogn kaàv koeyn Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gogàĔıcaiaĔıgı zn kdeógo|eog V~ya(à èúkninĔogopabeog n`nen|ò' _ogn fovkaè ıc úginyogn kaàvFovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnvog K~znp kvo|og`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofokdccnkpoj fov Ŕnkoc`n bavnknp n`nfocninĔo akcahncen|ò'

Jakap Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gog àĔıceayı znOvak(ıg ngochon ~Ĕvapıceayı# agı |aeagà Óèógió@óga óckncnvogog AF@(n kavŔı òvngen hóècnvogo `núgneco úcèó`n |aaja ~ĔvapeıŔpıv ":/' F~ aèıàg

fakıc`ıĔıgà _ngo @óga @ó|ngo boè `n ngo fovhúvógóe av|npenenkpnòv' Èógkó ngo `úgne ayknvo znnkdgdeok aèıàg 1?0>(png f~ aga bakoe dcag nyko`úgne ocn fóók fng|nvcokcnv av|npenkpnòv zn ngo`úgne ayknvo zn yoayo aèıcavàg AF@ pavaj ıgàgŔnkoccngòvocnink hofo húvógenkpnòv'

Cofnvac `nedkvayon àacı fov `ógayoypneogog bakoe dcaiaĔı húvóŔógóg ng bı|cı yaz~g~i~cavıgàg fovo# (Pavobog Ydg~( eakacnyogoa|ag Jvagioy J~k~aea( ıv' J~k~aea(a húvncofnvaco|eog kdeógo|en haco} hncenyocn pavob ydganvninkpov' Èógkó ogyagcıĔıg hncninĔo oèog hnènvco pnk

yoypne dcavak cofnvaco|e kacaiakpı

v' EnyncaJ~k~aea(a húvn Fapıgıg zn Fapıcı `nĔnvcnvog |ajnvoagı |aeagà òĔnv yoypnecnvog `n èúkóŔógó oja`nnpenkpnòv'( J~k~aea aba a ocnvo ho`nvnk (ogyagcıĔıgo`ndcdlok nzvoeogog gobao gdkpayı cofnvac `nedkvayoòv(`nv "8/' Jakap K~vpb# J~k~aea(àg javkcı `óŔógenkpnòv zn (J~k~aea(gıg pavobo cofnvaco|ecnydga nvenkpnòv# jakap `óga pavobo ydga nvenninkpov&`nenkpnòv' K~vpb(a húvn gn kdeógo|e gn `n ka}opaco|epnk faŔcavıga hncninĔo fncovcnnennink; hncnink fóókfov obpoeaccn ydyac }a|av zn dvhago|n ka}opaco|epavaj ıgàg Ŕnkoccngninkpov' Aceaga zn La}dga ydyac}a|av zn dvhago|n ka}opaco|e dc~ca `ógaàko co`nvhóècnv dcaiakcav`ıv "2/' ŗó}bnyo| ko cofnvaco|ekdeógo|en hacnfn èac`ı zn kdeógoyp o`ndcdlo Fapı oèogfov pnbòp dceakpag èıkpı' Jakap f~ hncoŔen pnk faŔıgaFapıcı `nĔnvcnvog pnk bakoe o`ndcdlo dcavak kacaiakcavıgıghúypnvhnyo dcaea|' _ngo `úgne`n Fapı zn Fapıcı `nĔnvcnvn ngo o`ndcdlocnvog enàg dk~eayı fnkcngencoòv' Enynca fa|ı Fapıcı `nĔnvcnvo vn``n`ngĽycaeo bavnknpcnv fovèdk Ľycae ócknyog`n bı|cı fov



1=9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

hncoŔen húypnvenkpn zn back pavaj ıgàg# Póvkon `nàboc dceak ó|nvn# dĔ~g fov `nypnkf~ceakpa`ıvcav"?/' Agı dvagà Bogp kıpayıgàkovaòkac Bog`û bavnknpcnvo `n Fapıa ngo fov enàgdk~ea dcavak achıcagafocov'

Úpnagàg Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gog aĔıceayıgı ya`nin o`ndcdlon faĔcaeak à agcıŔ dcaiakpıv'Ydznpcnv(og àĔıceayı# o`ndcdlo`ng èdk nkdgdeokhnvocnengog fov ydg~i~`~' ]a~c Knggn` 1?22( naıgcagag kopafıgà; Ydznpcnv(og nkdgdeokynfn}cnv`ng àĔıcaiaĔıgı o`òa npeoŔpo' Knggn`(n húvnnv zna hnè AF@ `n agı ka`nvo }acaŔaiakpıv "1=/' _ognVazngàc# yó}nv hóè èaĔıgıg avpık hnèpoĔogo zn `ógayoypneogog avpık gn AF@ zn gn n bnvbagho fov nzcnp pavaj ıgàg pnk faŔıga ŔnkoccngòvocnenninĔogo ocnvoyóvenkpnòv"11/' Ú|nccokcn Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gogàĔıceayı f~ `óŔógino ng a|ıgàg fov yó}nv hóè oèog`dĔv~caeakpa ıv' Jakap AF@ oèog a}ıcag`nĔnvcngòvencnv f~ óckngog Kúvjn| yazaŔıgàko vdcó hú|úgógn acıg`ıĔıgà npnvyo| kaceakpa`ıv'

Ľcnvo yóvócng òĔnv fov o`òaa húvn; _ngo@óga @ó|ngo(gog fncovhog fov ú|nccoĔo `n `ógahózngcoĔogog kdccnkpoj fov a}ı ka|ageaafaŔcaeayı`ıv' Ú|nccokcn Kúvjn| Kvo|o ydgvayı Ovak(akavŔı dc~Ŕp~v~cag kdacoydg# f~g~g ng yde~phúypnvhncnvog`ng fovo dce~Ŕp~v' Jakap bneng Ŕ~g~oja`n npenk hnvnkov ko kvo|og èú|ócenyog`n AF@(gog vdcóagı |aeagà f~ óckngog `ógaı pnk faŔıga úgcngòvennencogo dvpaa kdeakpa zn f~ óckno `ógagıg aakpa

kacag pnk yó}nv hóió kdg~e~ga hnpovenkpnòv "16/'AF@ `ógagıg pnk yó}nv hóió eó`óv4 F~

ydv~g~g inzafı# enyncngog ú|ógó dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv'Dc`~kèa úgneco fov agkı ~ag`ıvag eakacnyog`nHa`òy# ydg avıe ó|ıcàg fnvo AF@(gog eoccohózngcoĔogo pnbòp n`nfocnink fov `nzcnp zna `nzcnpcnvkdacoydg~ enzi~p `nĔocòv( `nenkpnòv"19/'Hnvènkpng `n @dĔ~ Fcdk~g~g èúkenyo zn YdznpcnvFovcoĔo(gog àĔıceayıca fnvafnv AF@# nkdgdeok znayknvo aèıàg `ógagıg ng fóók hóió dcavak kac`ı' ŗ~agà `ógaà favıŔı zn hózngcoĔo kdv~afocnink hóin znnpngnĔn yabo} pnk óckn AF@ húvógenkpnòv

ŗó}bnyo| Aenvoka(gıg lagàveacıĔıgıghnpovninĔo j ıgagyac ókó# Kúvjn| YazaŔıgà dc`~Ĕ~ hofo#òĔnv hncoŔeoŔ óckncnv }acaŔaiakcav`ıv' Jakap f~ pnkk~p~}c~ a}ı oènvoyog`n Óèógió @óga Óckncnvogog`nypnk avaaiakcavı zn av`ıe oypnnfocninkcnvo fov hóèenzi~p húvógenenkpnòv# Fúcn dc~gia aakpa kacag pnkyó}nv hóióg oypnkcnvogo kaf~c npenk pnk èıkav dc dcavakhúvócninkpov'

_ngo ÈapıŔea zn Ľypokvavyı|cıkcav @úgneo_~kavıà ú|npcngng húvóŔóg pae akyogn ngo

`úgneog ókyncng eocconpèo `~h~cav# npgokèapıŔeacav zn ògn àacı `óga húvóŔcnvogogókyncenyo ynfn}cnvog`ng `dcaı nykoyog`ng àba èdk

èapıŔea avapaiaĔıgı yúcnenk `n agı dvagàeóekóg`óv' Ú|nccokcn 1?0>(png fnvo bakoe dcag znYdĔ~k YazaŔ pavaj ıgàg Ŕnkoccngng nyko húvninco yakog zngoy}npng èapıŔeayı| dvpae hoppokèn kafdceakpa`ıv'_nvogn `ógagıg `nĔoŔok fúchncnvog`n `nĔoŔokeoccnpcnv zna eoccnpcnv hv~f~ avayıgà ókyncngèapıŔeacav dvpaa èıkeakpa`ıv "1>/' Ú|nccokcneocconpèo zn ògo bavnknpcnvog Fapı `ógayıgı o`ndcdlok znayknvo aèıcavàg pnbòp npenyo# obpoeac àbocog`nhúvócenkpnòv "1:/'

F~ húvóŔóg ng fncovhog yaz~g~i~cavıgàg fovodcag Yibcnyoghnv(n húvn (_ngo @óga @ó|ngo‟ hóè

}dcopokayı eocconpèocoĔn àacı eóia`ncncnv zn npgokagcaŔea|cıkcav pavaj ıgàg Ŕnkoccngninkpov "18/'Ú|nccokcn Póvkon aèıyıgàg `óŔógóc`óĔóg`nFackagcav# Kajkaya zn Dvpa`dĔ~( ako oypokvavyı|cıkcav#ngo `úgne`n favıŔ zn oypokvavıg boè `n kdcadcea`ıĔıgı húypnvenkpnòv'

Úgóeó|`nko ıccavà YdĔ~k YazaŔ `úgneogog yakog zn pabeog nòcnfocng hncoŔencnvo fovgdypaclo dcavak avagaiakpıv' Èógkó oko k~p~}c~ nyko`óga `ó|ngo fovèdk ydv~g~# y~go `n dcyafaypıveakpa`ı' F~ga fng|nv fov gdypaclo `n Kúvjn|#YazaŔı yıvayıgà aŔag ı zn fúchn`nko fovèdk back#

Dyeagcı

@nzcnpo(gog ú|cneogo aŔa`ı

' NĔnv Dyeagcı

@nzcnpo fúchn`nko bakoe kdg~e~g~ yóv`óvódvdcya`ı boè Ŕó}bn dk ko Ovak f~ kaàv ydv~ey~|iaàzvagı} K~znp(o oŔhac npenn kackıŔea|`ı"12/' Ľkok~p~}c~ nyko a}ı# `ógagıg ènŔopco fúchncnvog`n dvpaaèıkag fovèdk èapıŔeagıg yıgıvcı kaceayıgı yaĔcıdv`~'Jakap avpık f~ oko k~p~}c~ a}ıàg yú| npenk eóekóg`nĔocòv"c?/' Enynca# YdĔ~k YazaŔ `úgneog`nFackagcav(àko èapıŔeacavıg enàga hncenyo dc`~kèa|dv`~' Ng a|ıgàg Fapı# nyko `úgne dcya`ı# ydv~g~èú|enk oèog àba fóók èafacav yavj n`ninkpo"6=/'

_ngo `úgneog òĔnv fov èapıŔea kagaĔıgı oynhncoŔeoŔ óckncnv ocn hncoŔenkpn dcag óckncnv avayıgàkoeóia`ncn dc~Ŕp~vaiakpıv' YdĔ~k YazaŔıg dvpaàgkackeayıca @dĔ~ % Fapı avayıgà fov yazaŔ obpoeacobneng bneng dvpaàg kackeıŔ húvógenkpnòv' Jakapf~ hncoŔen# K~|n % Hógn ydv~g~ga bnvbagho fovèú|óe hnpoveneoŔpov' Pae pnvyogn Hógn znahncoŔenkpn dcag `óga f~hóg hnèeoŔn húvn àba èdk`ıŔ pnbòp ocn kavŔı kavŔıa ıv zn hncoŔeoŔ `ógaa àbaèdk faĔıecı bacn hnceoŔpov'



1=0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ibdeyk(gog `nòĔo hofo fncko AF@ Óèógió @ógaÓckncnvogo `dĔv~àg kdgpvdc npenk oypneodv# jakapf~vaàko fópóg hncoŔencnvo `n ogoyoapojo acpıgàp~peakpa kavavcı húvógódv"61/'

Ydg~è _~kavıà znvocenn èacıŔıcag `nĔoŔok húvóŔcnv

`n húypnveoŔpov ko _ngo @óga @ó|ngo fnkcngngogakyogn fovèdk ngo ydv~g~ à fnvafnvog`n hnpoveoŔpov'_ngo `úgne`n ayknvo hózngcok baca úgneogokdv~eakpa`ıv' F~g~gca fnvafnv Fapı oèog Ydznp pnbòòdvpaàg kackeıŔpıv zn Fapıgıg ngo hózngcok yoypneoV~ya(ı à ka}yaaiak Ŕnkoc`n ne`ng èo|ocenkpnòv'Jakap Óèógió @óga Óckncnvo nykoyog`ng àba èdk `ıŔ npko zn pnbòpcnvn aèıkpıv' @ógagıg fovèdk fúchnyogogFapı aèıyıgàg ypvapnlok úgneo a|ac`ıĔı oèog# f~fúchncnv`nko èapıŔea obpoeaccnvo `n avpeıŔpıv'

_ngo @óga @ó|ngogog oko k~p~}c~ nyko

a}ıàg javkcı dcaiaĔı knyogòv' @oĔnv pavajpag ngoa}ıgıg gn dcaiaĔıgı pae dcavak pabeog npenkeóekóg `nĔocòv' F~g~gca fnvafnv ngo yoypneog èdkk~p~}c~ dcaiaĔı yúcngnfocov' Jakap f~ k~p~}cavıga}ıyı javkcıcık húypnvninkpov' Enynca úgóeó|`nkoıccavà V~ya ayknvo yó}nv hóè dcavak kacaiakpıv'La}dga zn Aceaga nkdgdeok hóècnvn# Èog znBogòypag `nedhvajok hóècnvn úvgnk dcavakhúypnvocnfocov' Ya`nin AF@ bne ayknvo bne `nnkdgdeok aèıàg yó}nv hóè `~v~e~gà`ıv' @ógafavıŔıgıg hncninĔogo `n fóók úcèó`n hóè envkn|cnvoavayıgàko ocoŔkocnv fncovcnninkpov' F~ èdk k~p~}c~

a}ıı dc~Ŕp~vag `nzcnpcnvog Óèógió @ógaÓckncnvog`nko èapıŔeacavı úgcnenk zn èdk úgnecofúchnync kvo|cnvo èú|enk oèog oŔfovcoĔog`n f~c~geacavı Ŕavppıv' Kúvjn| YazaŔıgà f~g~g hnvènkcnŔninĔogn aov

~e~pcav fncoveoŔpo' Jakap Fapı oèog ypvapnlok úgneo a|dcag kvo|cnv`n Fapıgıg agı `~avcıcıĔı zn oŔfovcoĔogohúypnvenòĔo dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv' F~ hncoŔen oyn _ngo@óga @ó|ngogn faĔcagag ~e~pcag fncko `n faŔıgàgdk npeoŔ dc`~' Fapı kngòyo oèog ypvapnlok úgneo dcagfúchncnv`n favıŔ zn oypokvavı yaĔcaeakpa kavavcı

húvógenkpnòv' F~g~ yaĔcaeak oèog hnvnkpoĔog`nOvak(a kavŔı yazaŔ aèıceıŔpıv' Jakap YdĔ~k yazaŔıg ydganvenyocn Fapı aèıyıgàg ypvapnlok úgneo a|ac`ıĔı oèogFdyga( a aŔagag ogyagcık `vaeıga a`npa ynoviokacıgeıŔpıv'

_ogn ngo `úgneog bakoe kavakpnvogog cofnvac`nedkvayo dcaiaĔı zn Fapıgıg fópóg `ógaà f~`óŔógingog hnvnkpovòĔo `nĔnvcnvo `nypnkcnninĔo`óŔóginyo fo||ap Fapı pavaj ıgàg acagcageakpa`ıv'Baopo( n zn F~vea( a Fapıcı `nzcnpcnv agpo`nedkvapokúgnpoecnvn kavŔı aèık pazıv acıvcavkng# In|aov zn òĔnvfa|ı óckncnv`n `nedkvayon hnèoŔo nghnccnng bavnknpcnvo

pnŔzok npenkpnòvcnv' Fapıcı @nzcnpcnvog# ú|nccokcnAF@(gog `nedkvapok dceaag fovèdk `nzcnpcnvcnengjaapcnvo hnvnĔo `dypc~kcavıgı yóv`óv`ókcnvo fov`úgne`n cofnvac `nedkvayoo `ógagıg bakoekavakpnvo a}aiakcavı zn ogyag bakcavıgı kdv~eaaèacıŔaiakcavı o`òayı f~ óckncnvog f~ `óŔógincnvog`nkoèojpn ypagàv`ı ynvhocnenkpnòv'

Avıia hncoŔeoŔ óckncnvog `ógaà favıŔ znhózngcok oèog enzi~p nkdgdeok `nghnyo|coĔo ho`nvoio}dcopokacav pako} npencnvo hnvnkenkpnòv' Akyo bac`nnkdgdeok kvo|cnv fovfovogn hoppokèn faĔcagag `ógaàfnkcngenòk ydv~gcav èıkavafocov zn fa|ı óckncnv

nkdgdeok kvo| ó|óg`ng `ógagı

g hcdfaccnŔngnkdgdeok a}ıyıgı pnbòp n`ng bavnknpcnv`nf~c~gafocovcnv' Jakap ydg znvocnvog ıŔıĔıgà hncoŔeoŔ óckncnvcn hncoŔenkpn dcag óckncnv avayıgàko ~è~v~e~gàba a fóó`óĔó húvócenkpnòv'



1=>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@Ľ]GDPCAV

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1=:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

EAVKYĽ\EĽG AV@OG@AG

_v`' @dè' @v' Dyeag @neov

I~eb~vonp Ó' Ľ kp' zn Ľ ' Foc' Jak' Ú Ĕ vnpoe Ó'

Ú|nccokcn# 1?2=‟co ıccavıg okogio avıyıgàHdvfaèdz Ľkpoàvıca bı|cagag Eavkyoyp o`ndcdlo( ngkaèıŔ# 1?2? ydgfabavıgà kdeógo|eog èúkóŔócn ydgf~ce~Ŕp~v' Fov |aeagcavıg hú|`n o`ndcdloyo avpık dk'ŗoeòcnv`n gn Eavky(ı }nhaefnv ocag n`ngcnv gn `n

Eavkyoyp `nĔnvcnvog apnŔco yaz~g~i~cavı kacea`ı' Bappa#Eavkyo|e(og kacnyo `~v~e~gàko V~ya(gıg f~hógkó`nzcnp faŔkagı Fdvvoy _ncpyog focn# Eavky oèog; &knŔkn`dĔeaya`ı&# Cngog oèog &knŔkn aŔaeaya`ı& òdv'Fópóg hncoŔencnv# Eavkyo|e(og èúkóŔógóg 6=' '(ıgokogio avıyıgıg fóók dcaı dcavak pavobn hnèninĔogohúypnvodv' Agiak# hnèeoŔpn a}ıcag fov bapaı pnkvavnpenenk oè og# Eavkyo|e(og &goèog `dĔ`~Ĕ~ zn goèogèúkpóĔó& ó|nvog`n io`ò io`ò `óŔógenk hnvnkov' F~èacıŔea yúcngng aeaia a| èdk bo|enp n`nfoceoŔynkngòeo|o fabpoav yaafocovo|'

A' EAVKYĽ\EĽ @Dė^VAGYNFN]CNV Eavkyo|eo `dĔ~vag ynfn}cnv; cofnvaco|e zn

ka}opaco|en pn}kocnv ocn 1?' (ıg kngògn bay ú|nccokcnvodceak ó|nvn oko faŔcık acpıgà ogicncngninkpov#

1% CĽFNVACĽ\E ZNKA]ĽPACĽ\EN PN]KĽCNV Bne ka}opaco|eog bne `n eavkyo|eog kagaĔı

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Eavkyoyp `óŔógino Kavc Eavky(ca faŔcapeak`dĔv~ dcea|' \ova# Eavkyoyp `óŔógingog Eavky(pag úgin

`n fncco fov hncoŔoe yóvnio zav`ıv' ÚvgnĔog# Yoedg`n @nYoyedgò "1889%1206/# Jvon`voib Coyp "182?%120:/# Yaogp%Yoedg "18:=%126>/# Vdfnvp~y "12=9%128>/ zn Jnvògag`Cayyaccn "126>%12:0/ hofo `óŔógóvcnvo f~ yóvnè oèog`nageak hnvnkov' F~gcavàg Yoyedgò# Coyp# Yoedg znCayyaccn óvnpoe avaècavıgıg kdgpvdccó ú|nc ynkpúvógeóckonpog`n dceayıgı; Vdfnvp~y oyn# Eavky hofo#



1=8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

óvnpoe avaècavıgıg paeaeng kae~caŔpıvıceayıgı oypnv'_ogn# f~ `óŔógóvcnvog bn}yo# cofnvaco|en óvnpoe#fúcóŔóe# póknpoe zn `nĔnv úgóg`ng kavŔı`ıvcav'

a% Óvnpoe _úgóg`ngKavŔı`ıvcavCofnvac nkdgdeogog pnenc jncynjnyo dcag

&fıvakıgı| a}yıgcav# fıvakıgı| hnèyogcnv# `óga kngòkngògn `úgnv& ogagiı# pae vnkafnp }oayayıga `~~caghózngn àagıv' Pae vnkafnp }oayayı à `úvp nyayó|nvogn k~v~c~`~v<1 % ]oayaa hovoŔ zn èıkıŔ ynvfnyppov'6% Óvógcnv bdedlngòv'9% Óvógcnv fúcógnfocov# ago fov póknpoiogog a| zna èdkyapıg aceayı a à fov óvnpoiogog a| zna èdk óvnpenyo#}oaya nghn joapıgı `nĔoŔpoven|'0% Óvnpoio zn póknpoiocnv }oaya bakkıgà pae fochon

yabo}povcnv'F~ `úvp Ŕavpıg hnvènkpn zav dcagı `nĔoc# dceayı

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av|ı pacnfn nŔopcnng joap dceakpag èıkav' Ydg~èpa# paevnkafnp }oayayı èacıŔeaeıŔ dc~v'Cofnvac nkdgdeo`n# pacn} ja|cayı úgin joapcavı#

ydgva óvnpoeo avpıvaiaĔı oèog pnbcoknco dceaafocov' Agiak#av| ja|cayı dc`~Ĕ~gà óvnpoiocnv avayı vnkafnp avpav zn fovèdk óvnpoio ojcay npenk |dv~gà kacıv' PnkgdcdlokóypógcóĔn yabo} dcagcavıg vnkafnp óypógcóĔógn yabo}dcaiaĔı knyogòv' Pnkgdcdlok óypógcóĔn yabo} dceakoèog `n pnkgdcdlogog fn`nco dcag ynveann yabo} dceakhnvnkov' Fúcnin# vnafnp óypógcóĔó ynveanóypógcóĔógn `úgóŔóv' Ynveanyo kıp dcag óvnpoiocnv ojcaynò} ka}opacoypcnvog oŔèoyo dceakpag k~vp~caea|cav'

Ydg~èpa# nkdgdeo`n pae vnkafnp Ŕavpcag `nĔoc# nkyokvnkafnp Ŕavpcavı hnènvco dc~v'

f% FúcóŔóe _úgóg`ngKavŔı`ıvcav<Gój~y avpıŔı# oŔ hóió nvogn eakoga okaenyo

zn ka}opacoyp óvnpoiocnv kavŔıyıgà ojcay n`ng

nenkèo óvnpoiocnvog kapıcıeı ocn nenk av|ı nenkpacnfog`ng fóók dc~v' Fúcnin# oŔznvngog nenkèon àbaa| óivnp ú`nninĔo dc aèıcıv' ]nko# `óŔók óivnpog acpyıgıvı dk e~`~v4 Pafoo ko zav`ıv zn f~ yıgıv nenĔogkngògo ngo`ng óvnpenyogn oekag znvnink óivnpog `dĔac

ynzonyoòv' F~ yıgıv Aceag nkdgdeoyp Jnvògag`Cayyacn pavaj ıgàg P~gè Kag~g~ òn a`cag`ıvıcıv'P~gè Kag~g~# óivnpcnvog `dĔac yıgıv òn a`cag`ıvıcagfov acp yıgıvà kocopcngninĔogo aèıkcav' Óivnpcnv f~yıgıvıg acpıga `óŔen zn óypógn èıkea úgóg`n nygnk`nĔocòv' ŗanp# óivnpcnv `dĔac yıgıvıg acpıga `óŔnvynoŔèocnv kngògo fnycnnen|# nzcngencnv a|acıv'@dcaıyıca nenk av|ı a|acıv zn ka}opacoypcnv àba ókynkóivnp ú`nenk |dv~gà kacıvcav' Eakyoe~e kava ~caŔeaaeaiıga pnvy `óŔpóĔó oèog ka}opacoypcnvog oŔèocnvn `dĔacyıgıvıg óypóg`n óivnp ú`nencnvo `n |apng fnkcngnen|'Fúcnin óivnpcnv ayhavo fov ynzon`n kocopcngov "6/'

Eavkyo|e(n húvn# nenĔog óvnpoe`ng `dĔacóivnp ynzonyog`n }a aceayı aòc `nĔocòv' Èógkó# foveaca `nĔnv ka|ag`ıvag d eacıg óvnpoeog`n k~ccagıcagnenkpov' F~ga vaĔeng# cofnvaco|e zn ka}opaco|e nenĔogbakkıgı znven|cnv' Dya# ydyaco|eog ocnvo aŔaeayı dcag &kdeógoyp pd}c~eà&# ogyagcavca fnvafnv óvnpoehóècnvo `n avpı}# kdccnkpoj ynvznp kagakcavı fdcc~kpagpaŔıgia# fúcóŔóe ocknyo avpık nenk `nĔoc# obpoaèdcaiakpıv' F~ ydgy~| fdcc~k pd}c~e~gà# ya`nin óvnpoeavaècavıgà `nĔoc# póknpoe eaccavıgà à eóckonpdvpaàg kackaiakpıv# Eavky(a húvn f~ bac`n èacıŔea znfúcóŔóe ocknyo# bnvknypng npngnkcnvogn bnvknyn

obpoaècav ı

ga húvn jdveócócn fncovcngninkpov'&"9/'

i%Póknpoe _úgóg`ngKavŔı`ıvcav<Óvnpoe yóvnio ydg~gà dc~Ŕag bayıcaàg

baknppokcnvo }aı acaeaag nenkèocnv# baknppokcnvopóknpoeo `n a}aea|cav' @oĔnv pavajpag# ka}opacoypcnvogyapıgacea hóió àba ókynk dc`~Ĕ~ oèog cóky eaccavapacn} bnv |aeag zav`ıv' Fúcn dc~gia óvnpoe# `óŔókhncovco kacafacıkcavıg obpoaiıgàg èdk# pacn} hóióókynk yıgıvcı yaıàko ka}opacoypog oypnkcnvogokavŔıcaeaa úgncov' Óypncok nkdgdeo `~vh~gc~Ĕa hovòĔo

|aeag# nenkèocnv àba èdk ynjoc dc~vkng# ka}opacoypcnvúginko fovokoecnvogo baviavcav' ĽŔpn# Eavkyo|eo óvnpoeavaècavıgı kae~caŔpıveaa ynzkn`ng ynfn}cnv`ng fovo `nnenkèocnvcn ka}opacoypcnv avayıgà zavdcag póknpoenŔopyo|coĔoòv'



1=2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

`% @nĔnv _úgóg`ngKavŔı`ıvcav< Eavky(a húvn fov eacı `nĔnvcngòvng pnk jakpúv

zav`ıv# d à d eacı óvnpng nenkpov' F~ga vaĔeng# eacfn`ncogog paeaeı nenĔn ú`ngen|' NenĔn ú`ngng ya`nin

dg~g kngògo ngo`ng óvnpenyogn npnink kaàv dcagı`ıv'P~gè Kag~g~ hnvnĔo nenĔog kngògo ngo`ng óvnpenyogoyaĔcaaiak fov óivnppng àba a|ıgı ú`nenk ka}opacoypcnvogacnbognòv' Èógkó# àba a|ı ú`ngovyn# bne nenkèocnvkngòcnvogo èacıŔaiak kaàv fnycnnen|# bne `n nzcngencnva|acaiaĔı oèog nenkèo gój~y avpea|' D |aeag npnv yaıà~i~| oŔhóió f~ceak |dvcaŔıv' Nenk av|ı a|ac`ıĔı oèogka}opacoypcnv àba èdk ú`nenk |dv~gà kacıvcav' Eavky foveacıg `nĔnvogog paeaeng dg~ óvnpng nenk jakpúvógindc~Ŕp~v~c`~Ĕ~g~ kaf~c nppoĔo oèog óivnpcnvog a| zna èdkókyncenyogo npnvco f~cea|' Dga húvn nenĔog óvnpoe`ng

aceayı hnvnkng }a eac fn`ncogog paeaeı dceacı`ıv' Dya#ka}opacoyp yúeóvó f~g~ nghnccnv' NenĔn baknppoĔo óivnpoú`nenng ka}opacoypcnv# eaccavıg yapıŔ joapı ocn nenĔnú`ngng óivnp avayıgàko javkı kngòcnvo acıv' F~ javk# avpık`nĔnvòv zn yúeóvó fúcn hnvènkcnŔov' Fópóg f~ ydv~gcavıgkagaĔı# cofnvaco|e zn ka}opaco|e dc`~Ĕ~ oèog# èú|óeó f~oko yoypneog `ıŔıgà avaeak hnvnkov ko# f~ yoypneEavkyo|e( ov'

6%1?' _Ó\_OCOG

Ú\NCCĽKCNVĽ '''Eavky(ıg aŔa`ıĔı `nzov# pnkgok acagcavà

fóók ocnvcnencnvog ka`nòcòĔo# ogyagcavıg fovèdk acagà`dĔa hóècnvogn bakoe dc`~Ĕ~# pd}c~ecavıg |nghogcnŔpoĔo fov`nzovòv' Gn zav ko# f~ dc~ec~ hncoŔencnvog kıya fov yóvnydgva koŔo aèıyıgàg fov pakıe dc~ey~| ydg~ècavı dc`~Ĕ~#èacıŔag kopcncnvog bnv hnèng hóg fova| àbadky~ccaŔavak ú|hóvcókcnvogo opovòkcnvo húvóceóŔpóv' Eavky f~g~ncnŔpovnvnk fov èú|óe hnpovenn èacıŔeıŔpıv' Cofnvac `nzcnp`ó|ngo oèog`n aĔıv yagao }vdcnpavayıgıg `dĔeayı ocn dvpaaèıkag Eavkyo|e# f~ èaĔıg ydv~gcavıgı zn èncoŔkocnvogo òcn

hnpovng zn dgcava fov èú|óe dc~ f~cag fov `óga húvóŔódcavak dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv "0/'1?'(à y~# vó|hav zn f~bav hóiócn èacıŔag

enkagok yoypnecnvog óvnpoe`n k~ccagıceayı jndàc óvnpoepav|ıgàg ka}opacoyp óvnpoe pav|ıga hnèoŔo yaĔcaeıŔpıv'Ka}opacoyp óvnpoe pav|ı oŔèocnvn oŔ yú|cnŔenyo zn oŔ `nĔoŔpovenhofo fov kıyıe b~k~ko bakcav ka|ag`ıveıŔya à; oypobàe#ydyac hózngcok# kacopn# joap zn vnkafnp hofo ngo ydv~gcavdvpaa

èıkavavak oŔèocnvog ynjacnpogo àba èdk avpıveıŔpıv'Óypncok# nkdgdeon eóàbacno vn``n`ng cofnvaco|ezn ynveanio ka}opaco|eog f~ ynjacnpo úgcnenyo `neóekóg `nĔocòv' FocogòĔo hofo# }oayaà bnvóvnpoio vako}cnvog`ng àba hóècó dceaa èacıŔıv'Fúcn dc~gia# óvnpoiocnv vnkafnp óypógcóĔóyaĔcaaiak ngo pnkgdcdlocnvn yabo} dceak oypnvcnv'Pafoo# ocnvo pnkgdcdlon yabo} dceagıg fov eaconpozav`ıv zn pnkgdcdlok hncoŔengog `~vaiaĔı fov ydggdkpa à dkp~v'

Nenkèocnv ngo pnkgdcdlo yapıg acaiakkaàv ynveann yabo} dcea`ıkcavı oèog ynveandĔ~g óvnpoe a}ag ka}opacoypcnvcn vnkafnpn`nen|cnv' Ydg~gà ka}opacoyp óvnpoiocnv aedgd}dccnŔov a à vako}cnvcn agcaŔavak dcohd}dcdc~Ŕp~v~vcav' Fúcnin# nenkèocnvog ynjacnpo àba èdkavpav' Nenkèo zn kıp ynveanco ka}opacoyp óvnpoiocnvogojcayı fov pavajpag óvóg av|ıgı a|acpıvkng# òĔnvpavajpag oŔyo|coĔo avpıvıv' ĽŔyo|cnvog# ka}opacoypcnvogoŔog`n dcagcavıg pakòv nppoĔo óivnpcn èacıŔeakpagfaŔka èavncnvo kacea|' Ka}opacoypcnvog ynveandĔ~g óvnpoen úgncoŔo# gój~y avpıŔı# nenkèo zn kıpynveanco óvnpoiocnvog ojcayı# oŔyo|coĔo# oŔyo|cok `noŔèocnvavayı vnkafnpo avpıvıv' Vnkafnp# |apng `óŔókdcag óivnpcnvo àba èdk `óŔóvóv' Cofnvaco|en húvn#óivnpcnv `óŔnvyn ka}opacoypcnv eakoga nvogn oŔ hóióokaen n`nvcnv# eaconpcnv `óŔnv# kavcav avpav zn ngooŔ acagcavı aèıcıv' Fúcnin oypobàe avpıŔı boèkoeyngog oŔyo| kaceaaiaĔı pae oypobàe gdkpayıgakaàv yóvnv' Dya# ngo fov voyk dcaiaĔıgàg

ka}opacoypcnv 1?'(à èacıŔaga àba a| ú`nenk znóvógcnvog joapıgı avpıveak y~vnpocn kava|aeocnŔpoven dc~g~ ynèeoŔcnvòv' Pae oypobàeà baac dceakpag úpn hopeneoŔpov'

Cofnvaco|e &Caoyyo| jaovn&n faĔcıcıĔıeyóv`óvnvnk nkdgdeon eóàbacno vn``nppoĔo#ka}opaco|e ynvean# eóckonp zn jnvò hovoŔoenúgincok pagı`ıĔı oèog 1?''( a oŔèo yıgıj ıgıg ynjacnpohóg`ng hógn avpeıŔpıv' Èú|óe oèog ngo yoypneavaıŔcavı bı|cageıŔ zn àba ydgva f~ yoypneEavkyo|e dcavak dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv' Ka}opacoypin}bn`n `n Kngn|ng `nzvoecn fovcokpn

&Cofnvaco|eog húvógen| nco& agıgà &@nzcnpoghúvógng nco& nkdgdeon hoveoŔpov'

F% EAVKYĽYP ÈÚ\ÓE Eavkyo|e# nenĔog yúeóvóyógó úgcnenk

oèog# cofnvaco|e zn ka}opaco|eog kaf~c nppoĔo }oayankdgdeoyog`ng za|hnèo}# óvnpoe avaècavıgıg kae~eóckonpogn `nzvogo oypnv' Óvnpoe avaècavıgı kae~eóckonpogn `nzvnpenkcn nenĔog yúeóvóyógó znkngò èıkavcavı }nŔog`n kdŔag jnvpcnvog pd}c~eyac



1=?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

èıkavcava |avav znvenyogo úgcneno aeaècav'Eavkyo|e(n húvn# jnvò hovoŔoe zn eóck nògenbóvvonpogn àacı }oaya nkdgdeoyo# bnvknynfninvoyogn húvn óvnpoe a}ea oekagı znvyn focn# bnvknynobpoaiıga húvn póknpoe a}ea oekagı znven|' Fúcnfov oekag agiak# bnvknyog obpoaiıgı aŔaĔı ~kavı focng

`nzcnp pavaj ıgàg yaĔcagafocov'Óvnpoe avaècavı kae~ eóckonpogn hnèogin;

óvnpoe# póknpoe# joap zn apıvıe kavavcavı à `nzcnppavaj ıgàg fncovcngov' @nzcnpog húvnzo# backıge~pc~c~Ĕ~ dcaiaĔı oèog pd}c~e obpoaècavı àba ookavŔıcagıv' KoŔocnvn eóck nògen bóvvonpopagıgeaıgia# bnvkny ka|agiıgı baviav zn koeyn ynvznpıĔeak aeaiıca fov faŔkayıgı yúeóvnen|' _ogn apıvıe#óvnpoe# àĔıpıe zn joap kavavcavı fov nc`ng èıkpıĔıgàg#óvnpoe%póknpoe# apıvıe%payavv~j hofo eakvd `nghncnv|dv~gc~ dcavak yaĔcagıv' @dĔaiak fov `nghnyo|cok `njoap zn óivnp aavcaeayıca kdcaia èú|ócóv' Dpdvopnv

hóè# kócjnp%goenp `nghnyogo |dv~gc~ dcavak yaĔcavkng#hóècó oŔcnpencnvcn vnkafnp n`nenng óvnpoiocnvog ojcayıgàg`dĔag kagak oyvaj ı à úgcngeoŔ dc~v'

Eavkyo|e ock `nja 1?18(`n fov obpocaccn YdznpV~ya(à ~h~caea acagı f~c`~ zn àba ydgva YdznpV~ya(ı ènzvncnng fa|ı Azvaya óckncnvogn bı|caaıc`ı' F~ óckncnvog fovèdĔ~ V~ya(gıg hóè envkn|oacpıgà kacavak faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı focn opovò' V~yaEavkyoyp o`ndcdlo obvaè n`ng fov óckn bacogn hncò'Eavkyo|e# óèógió `óga óckncnvogo zabŔo ka}opaco|eog|~ceóg`ng k~vpavaiak yoypne dcavak cagyn nòcòĔo oèog}nk èdk pavajpav f~c`~' Fópóg f~gcava vaĔeng

Eavkyo|e agiak 8= ı

c aakpa kacafocò zn 1?2?fabavıgà hógabıca ynzafıca ıkıcı} hoppo' ŗoeò#úginko Eavkyoyp óckncnv `n k~vp~c~Ŕ~ ka}opaco|e`navıdv' Fov |aeagcav zavcıkcavıgı ka}opaco|en`~`~kcavı kogn fdvèc~ dcagcavıg Ŕoeò dg~ gayıcú|óeynninkcnvo envak kdg~y~`~v' _dkya# ka}opaco|eàba úgin paŔı`ıĔı eokvd}cavı avpık paŔıeıdv e~4 òn`óŔógen`ng n`neodv~|'

I% EAVKYĽ\EĽGNCNŗPĽVĽYĽ 1% Eavkyo|e Zn Ydyac HncoŔen

Eavky(a húvn# iagcı zn iagyı| zavcıkcavàkohncoŔengog kagaĔı èncoŔkoòv' ÈncoŔko èapıŔeaa# èapıŔeaèú|óen húpóvóv' Ydyac dcacav pnenc`n nkdgdeo kúkngcodc`~Ĕ~ oèog pavob# okpoya ı dcacavıg pavoboòv' Pd}c~eà óvnpoejakpúvcnvogn yabo} &f~vl~za& zn nenĔog`ng faŔka fov Ŕnodceaag &}vdcnpnva& dceak ó|nvn fovfovogn |ıp oko yıgıj

zav`ıv' ĽŔpn bne pd}c~eyac dcacavıg kagaĔı# bne `nokpoyaò yoypnecnvo `nĔoŔpovng hóè f~ oko yıgıj avayıgàkoèapıŔea`ıv'

FocogòĔo hofo# jndàc pd}c~e `ó|ngog`n`nvnfncnv ayknv hóiócn óvnpoe avaècavıga bakoedc`~kcavıgàg òĔnv ogyagcav oŔèo dceak

|dv~gà`ıcav# \aeagca# pnkgdcdlok hncoŔencn nenkdĔ~g óvnpoe`ng ynvean dĔ~g óvnpoen hnèoŔ yaĔcagıgia# `nvnfncnvog nvogo ka}opacoypcnv ac`ı'Èógkó# pnkgdcdlon yabo} dceagıg fov fn`nco zav`ı znf~ fn`nco agiak ka}opacoypcnv ú`nnfocodv`~' Óvnpoe`npnkgdcdlo k~ccagıeı# bne edgd}dccnŔenn ynfn} dc~dv#bne nenkèo yıgıj ı avpıvıdv`~' Eavky(a húvn# avpagnenkèocnv fov hóg hóè fovcoĔo a}avak ka}opacoypbakoeonpogn ydg znvnink zn }vdcnpnv òkpapúvcóĔó dcagydyaco|en hnèoŔ yaĔcagaiakpı' Agiak# ydyaco|e~caŔıcaiak ydg envbacn dceaı} `nĔoŔoe yıgıj èapıŔeayıgıg dcea`ıĔı# ú|hóvcókcnvog yıgıvyı| dc`~Ĕ~

kdeógo|en kaàv yóvninkpov'Kdeógo|eog acp yajbayı dcag ydyaco|eaŔaeayıgà ú|hóvcókcnv hózngcok acpıga acıgeıŔ dcaiak#''' agiak ú|hóvcókcnv yıgıvyı| dceaaiakpıv'''Kdeógo|eog ydg aŔaeayıgà# yıgıjyı| fov pd}c~e `ó|ngooèog`n póe d|caŔeacavàg avıgeıŔ dcavak ogyag# `dĔazn pd}c~e hóècnvogn bakoe dcavak hnvènk agcaeàú|hóv dcafocninkpov' Agı |aeagà ogyagcav avayıgànŔopcok hnvènkcnŔninkpov' Póe yıgıjcav dvpaàg kackeıŔ dcaiaĔıgàg# ogyagcavıg óvnpoe avaècavı kavŔıyıgà nvozn `~v~e~ agı dcaiakpıv ko# f~ à Eavkyo|e(ogúghúv`óĔó nŔopcok ocknyogog hnvènkcnŔenyo dcaiakpıv ">/'

Fópóg f~gcav# Eavkyo|e(og hnvènkcnŔenyoeóekóg dceaag ópd}ok fov pd}c~e bn`njcnòĔogohúypnvodv' Èógkó# &ogyagcav jo|oko a}ı# akıc# npngnk#nĔopoe# kócpóv zn fnkcngpo dcavak nŔop dcea`ıkcavı bac`ndgcava nŔop Ŕavpcav za`npenk yaèea`ıv&' Gobanp# yıgıjyı|fov pd}c~e za`n`ng Eavkyo|e# ydg~gà úcn fov `nzcnpyıgıj ı dc~Ŕp~v`~ ko# back avpık f~ yıgıj ı paŔıaeaaiakkaàv n|ocò' &Bnvknypng fninvoyo kaàv# bnvknyn obpoaiı kaàv zaaò fov ycdhag dceakpag úpn hopenò&' \ova#bnvkny kngò obpoaiıgı kngò fncovcnninkyn#obpoaècavıg ydgy~|c~Ĕ~ zn kagakcavıg kıpcıĔı fópógobpoaècavıg kavŔıcageayıga nghncòv' NĔnv obpoaècav`nzcnp pavaj ıgàg fncovcngninkyn# f~ fncovcnengog fópógobpoaècavı ka}ya`ıĔı |apng o`òa nòcnen|' Ľbpoaècavkıyeng kavŔıcagaiakya# &bnvknyn obpoaiı kaàv& yú|ófov acàpeaia`ıv' Eavkyoyp óckncnv`n hncovog fóók fovkıyeı ayknvo baviaeacava zn `nzayaccaŔag `nzcnpog iavobaviaeacavıga hoppoĔo oèog



11=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

bnvknyn obpoaiı kaàv yú|ógóg hnvènkcnŔenyo eóekóg

`nĔocòv

Eavkyo|eog bnvknyo# fninvoyo kaàv óvnpoen

kapeayı à eóekóg `nĔocòv' Èógkó# bnvkny nc`n nppoĔo

ka|agèca dvagpıcı dcavak hóè k~ccageak oypnv' _ago# fov oŔèo

acaiaĔı óivnpn# fov hovoŔoeio nc`n n`ninĔo kæva húvn jo|ok#

|nka zn húgóc hóiógó k~ccagıv' Dgcavàg àba ja|cayıgı nc`n

npengog oko dc~ zav`ıv' Fovogio dc; bnvknyog bak nppoĔo

ka|agiı kngòyogn pnycoe npenk ko# f~g~ dpdvopnv fov hóè

`nĔoc }oaya Ŕavpcavı fncovcnv' Ľkogio dc; |dv k~ccageakpıv ko#

f~g~ à |~cóe npngnĔo baco hncoŔeoŔ dpdvopnv fov hóè

a}afocov' Gobanp }oaya nkdgdeoyogo vn``n`nvnk fovogio

ynèngnĔo faŔpag dk yaag Eavkyo|e# okogio ynèngnĔo

fngoeynenk |dv~gà kaceıŔpıv' Pafoo# húgóccó èacıŔeaca

nc`n nòcnenng znvoecocok# faykı

dc~ca yaĔcageakoypngogin backıg yoypnen kavŔı újknyo avpeıŔpıv' Ydg~gà#

kdeógo|eog ocnvo aŔaeayıgà ~caŔıcaiaĔı ocnvo yóvócng fdcc~k

dvpaeıga fov póvcó ~caŔaeaeıŔ zn Eavkyo|e avkayıgà

eocdgcavia ynjoc fıvakavak èúkó} hopeoŔpov'

6% Eavkyo|e zn Ľceo HncoŔen

Eavky(a húvn# bnv jokov fov pn|òv zn bnv pn| kngò

agpopn|ogo `dĔ~v~v' Pn| zn agpopn|og èapıŔeayıgàg yngpn|

`dĔav' Yngpn|# pn| zn agpopn|og gn agıyı# gn `n dg~g

ogkavı`ıv' ^caŔıcag bnv yngpn|# kngò agpopn|ogo `dĔ~vaiak fov

pn| dc~v' Fúcnin# èncoŔko`ng `dĔag èapıŔea yanyog`n oceo

hncoŔen eópneaòng `nzae n`nv ":/'

Bnv ea``ngog ú|óg`n èncoŔko zav`ıv' ÚvgnĔog ng

kóèók ea``n dcag apdeà focn nkyo ókcó ncnkpvdgcavıg

kavŔıyıgà avpı ókcó }vdpdgcav zav`ıv' Ea``ncnv# fógnyog`n

paŔı`ıĔı èncoŔko yanyog`n `ıŔpag fov eóàbacn dceaàg

`dĔac `nĔoŔoe bacog`nòvcnv' &ÈapıŔeaàg `dĔag `nĔoŔoe;

|aıjpag hóècón# }ayojpng akpojn zn fayoppng eókneencn

`dĔv~`~v'& ÈapıŔea fa|ng úcn fov bac acıv ko# `nĔoŔoe

yı

gı

vı

gı

úgin`ng pabeog npenk |dv`~v' @óga fúcn fov`nĔoŔoe ydg~i~ pnya`ójng zav dce~Ŕp~v# ogn fúcn fov

pnya`ój ydg~i~ dk dcaiakpıv'

Fov jokvog pn|# kavŔı jokvog agpopn| dc`~Ĕ~ga# pn| ocn

agpopn|og èapıŔeayıgàg yngpn|n zavıcaiaĔıga ja|ca opova|

dceaafocov' Agiak# kdeógo|eog zavıcaiak ydg envbacn

dcavak pagıecageayı f~ kaf~ccngenn pnvy `óŔnv' Èógkó#

bnv pn| kngò agpopn|ogo `dĔ~v`~Ĕ~ga húvn# kdeógo|eog

kngò agpopn|ogo `dĔ~veayı zn pn| agpopn|og èapıŔeayıca à

ngo fov yoypnen hnèocenyo hnvnkov' D |ae ag F~hóg ngo

yoypne gnòv4 ydv~y~

akca hncov' Akyo bac`n# kdeógo|ecn kıaenpo fovcokpn

`óŔógen hnvnĔo zav`ıv'

@oĔnv pavajpag pnvedògaeoĔog okogio ayayı dcag

ngpvd}o pafoappako `dĔac `nĔoŔoeog Eavkyo|eog kaf~c

nppoĔogog pnvyogn dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnv' F~ ayaa húvn# ıŔı ókynk

hóè kagaĔıgàg `óŔók hóè kagaĔıga `dĔv~ yóvnkco

bavnknp bacog`nòv zn agı bavnknp pnvy úg`n dcea|' ŗ~

bac`n# pafoappako `nĔoŔoe |aıjpag hóècón# }ayojpng akpojn zn

fayoppng eókneenccoĔn `dĔv~ dceaı}; hóècó`ng |aıja#

akpojpng }ayojn zn eókneenc`ng fayopn `dĔv~`~v' ÚvgnĔog#

dveag zn jdyoc f~hóg `óg`ng àba |aıjpıv' Hófvn zn ocaè

k~ccageaeak ka`ıca# pd}vaĔıg znvoeo `óg`ng àba

|aıjpıv' YaĔcıkcı aŔagafocov fov ènzvn f~hóg `óg`ng àba

a|`ıv' _aŔcı fov ogyag f~hóg `óg`ng àba a| hóècó`óv'

_ókynkpng akag y~ acèac`ıkèa hóè kafn`nv' Fa|ı Ŕncnv

f~hóg `óg`ng àba eókneenc dcya focn# bnv bac`n f~g~g

ynfnfo `dĔac `nĔoŔoe `nĔoc# ogyagcav pavaj ıgàg a}ıcag

|dvako `nĔoŔoeòv'

Fov yóvn ydgva `ógaàko kagakcavıg obpoaècavı

kavŔıcaeaaiaĔı# gndg ha|ıgıg pókngnvnk HógnŔog

ıyıpeaaiaĔı zn `ógagıg èúc dcaiaĔı yúcngodv' NĔnv

f~gcav `dĔv~ya# nzvng`nko hncoŔengog |aıjpag hóècón#

}ayojpng akpojn zn fayoppng eókneenccoĔn `dĔv~ dc`~Ĕ~g~

yúcnenk agcıŔpıv'

Eavky(a húvn# pnkgdcdlo ynzonyo pd}c~e~g

`óŔógin ynzonyogo fncovcnng fov jakpúv`óv' ÚvgnĔog# ~èak

húvenng fovo ~èaĔı gayıc focninkpov4 Fochoyaavca èacıŔag fov

úĔvngio àba faŔavıcı dcafocov' Ľcnvo pnkgdcdlon yabo} fov

óckngog ogyagcavı àba fochoco zn àba |nko dcafocov' Agiak#

kapı fov Ŕnkoc`n focho pnkgdcdlo `ó|nogo aŔea| òn ıyvav

npenk# ock ~èaĔıg kngòcoĔog`ng zav dc`~Ĕ~g~ zn hnvo kaceıŔ

fov óckngog boèfov |aeag dky~cc~kpag k~vp~caeaaiaĔıgı

kaf~c npenk dc~v# Pnvyogn# focho pnkgdcdlo`ng faĔıeyı|`ıv

`ngovyn# hncoŔeoŔ óckncnvn dcag nĔopoe akıe zn a| hncoŔeoŔ

óckncnvog hncoŔeoŔ óckncnvn npoŔen`nko hóècókcnvo o|ab

nòcnen|' ŗ~ bac`n# pnkgdcdlo ocn focho avayıgà kavŔıcıkcı fovocoŔko dc`~Ĕ~g~ kaf~c npenk hnvnkov'

Aenvokacı Ľkpoyapèı ]npnv J' @v~iknv(a húvn#

18>=(`ng hógóeó|n kaàv fochogog óè aŔaeayı zav`ıv'

Fovogio aŔaea; fochogog acnpcnvn# yóvnècnvn zn óvógcnvn

~h~cag`ıĔı aŔaea`ıv ko# f~ aŔaea yagao `nzvoeogo# yıgıjcav

yazaŔıgı zn Eavkyo|e(o `dĔ~ve~Ŕp~v' Ľkogio aŔaea; 122=(`ng

Ľkogio @óga YazaŔı(ga kaàv dcag yóvno ka}yav ko# f~

aŔaeaà focho oŔcnvn ~h~cagavak }vd`ókpozopn `nzvoeo

`dĔe~Ŕp~v' Zn fúcnin oŔèocnv# dvpa yıgıj



111

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

f~vl~zacav bacogn hncnvnk yıgıj èapıŔeayı ydg f~ce~Ŕ

zn Eavkyo|e ıkıceıŔpıv' Óèógió aŔaea oyn; fochogogfochon ~h~cag`ıĔı aŔaea dc~}# Ľkogio @óga

YazaŔı(gàg ydgva faŔcav' F~ aŔaeaà úgnpoe `nzvoeo

hnvènkcnŔeoŔ# ynvean zn nenk fov aga opocnvnk fochoóvnpoeog pnk jakpúvó bacogn hnceoŔpov "8/' NĔnv# ydg

aŔaeagıg `dĔv~c~Ĕ~ kaf~c nòcovyn avpık gn Ka}opaco|e gn`n Eavkyo|e kaceıŔ `nenkpov'

9% Eavkyo|e zn BaapĽgkaviı fov yoypne dcag Eavkyo|e avapıiı fov

ocab(ıg zavcıĔıgı kaf~c npen|' Dga húvn `óga HógnŔ(pnko

|ıp dc~Ŕ~ecav ydg~i~ pnya`ójng dc~Ŕe~Ŕ zn ognpnya`ójng dk dcaiakpıv' @óga hofo# ock iagcıgıg

dc~Ŕeayı à pnya`ójoòv' Ľck iagcıgıg nzvoeocn `nĔoŔokiagcı póvcnvo zn ogyag dc~Ŕe~Ŕp~v' Fópóg f~gcavıg ynfnfo#ea``ngog ú|óg`n paŔı`ıĔı èncoŔko# èncoŔkogog ynfn}

dc`~Ĕ~ èapıŔea zn èapıŔeagıg `dĔ~v`~Ĕ~ `nĔoŔoeòv'_~kavà yúcngòĔo hofo# Eavkyo|e# nzvng`nkohncoŔengog |aıjpag hóècón# }ayojpng akpojn zn

fayoppng eókneencn `dĔv~ dc`~Ĕ~g~ kaf~c n`nv'ÚvgnĔog# dkyolng ocn a|dp~g javkcı eokpavcavà focnŔoeo bnvynjnvog`n javkcı fov ea``n znvov' ĽŔpn iagyı| ea``ngog

kngò oèog`n dc~Ŕag fúcn fov hncoŔen ydg~gà iagcı

ea``n `dĔe~Ŕ iagcı ea``n oèog`nko hncoŔencnvcn `nfocogè# v~b zn zoiàg enàga hnceoŔpov "2/'

Eavkyo|e(og f~ húvóŔó Bnhncio nzvoe pndvoyognàagıv' Fópóg f~ èafacav# úc`ókpng ydgva òvocengog zn

bnya} hógógóg dcea`ıĔı ocab(yı| fov `óga k~vavakogyagı nzvngog bakoeo a}eak zn dga `ógaàydgy~|c~Ĕ~ aŔapeak oèogòv' NĔnv# Eavky f~hóg

aŔaya`ı# &ĽŔpn ogyagcav fngoe pavoj nppoĔoe `ógaàaŔıdvcav& `nv eoò4 òn `óŔógóv `~v~v~e' F~hóg

ogyagcav; ynypng bı|cı ~è~dv# ~|aıg# nvog zn `ngo|og

`nvogcokcnvogo avaŔpı

vı

dv# ea``ngog ng kóèók a}ı

paŔı

dcag apde~ }avèacıdv# fochocnv zn húvógpócnv ıŔıkbı|ıgà akıdv# vdfdp aàecav óvnpoe a}ıdv zy' F~gavaĔeng# agı ogyagcav; hú|cn húvócennink kaàv kóèók

eokvd}cava ngokcnv# fov yognk a}eakpag aio|cnv# AO@Y#kagynv hofo baypacıkcavıg èavnyo baca f~c~ge~Ŕ `nĔoc#aŔcagea zn úcóe `nzae nòdv# nkdcdlok fd|~ceaa

fakavak a}pıkcavıeı| `ógaı inbnggnen ènzovò ònbaıjcagıdv~|' Úcnyn# gnvn`n kac`ı avıgıg `óg`ngàba oo dcaiaĔı# gnv`n kac`ı hóècó zn eókneencn `dĔv~

akı

Ŕ# gnv`n kac`ı

`ógaà ydgy~|c~Ĕ~ aŔaea ogagiı

4 onydveaàg n`neodv~|'

Eavky(a húvn# yoypnecnvo `nĔoŔpovng hóióg yıgıj

èapıŔeayı dc`~Ĕ~g~# bnv ydgvako yoypneog fov úginkog`ngàba óypóg dc`~Ĕ~g~ zn zavıcaiak ydg envbacngog

kdeógo|e dc`~Ĕ~g~ àba úgin yúcneoŔpok' Dya

V~ya( ako úginko yoypneog kdeógo|e dc`~Ĕ~ kaf~cnòcovyn# kdeógo|e ya`nin 8= ıc aŔaafoceoŔpov' \ova#1?18 `nzvoeocn hncng kdeógoyp vnloe# 1?2? ıcıgàavkayıgà ynjoc óckncnv zn ogyagcav fıvakavak èúkó} hoppo'

Fov |aeagcav k~vpavıiı hú|ócn fakıcag kdeógo|eog|~ceóg`ng k~vp~cag ogyagcav Ŕoeò# àba úgin úió ònkdvk~p~c`~kcavı ka}opaco|e`ng en`np ~e~dvcav' NĔnv

f~hógn kaàv kdeógo|e(og boè aŔagea`ıĔı ocnvoyóvócóvyn# Eavky(ıg `nòĔo hofo pd}c~ecavıg#ydyaco|e`ng kdeógo|en kngòcoĔog`ng hnèenòĔogo

bappa ydyaco|e`ng pnkvav ka}opaco|en hnèpoĔogo kaf~cnpenk hnvnkov'

0% Eavkyo|e zn @ogEavkyo|e# ògog; ocknc ogyagcavıg Nzvng zn

dg~g kdvk~gè hóècnvo kavŔıyıgà |aaja ka}ıceayıgàgkagakcag`ıĔı kcayok ogkaviıcıĔı kaf~c npen|' Èógkó#Eavky fópóg pd}c~eyac dcacavıg# nkdgdeo aeaècı yıgıj èapıŔeayıgàg kagakcag`ıĔıga ogagıv' Fúcn dc~gia#òg pd}c~eyac fov dca dc`~Ĕ~ oèog# dg~g zavcık ynfnfo`n nkdgdeo kagakcı yıgıj èapıŔeayı dceacı`ıv'

Eavky ògog f~vl~za pavaj ıgàg ~`~v~ce~Ŕ#kacafacık ıĔıgcavı ~~pag fov ajdg dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnv'@og; de~|cavı ncnecn aĔıvcaŔagcavıg `dyp~`~v' @og;oèog`n v~b kaceaeıŔ fov `ógagıg v~b~# `óŔóginúgóg`ng ojcay npeoŔ fov `ógagıg `óŔóginyoòv' \ovaòg; ogyagcavı a|ca npogenn# ka`nvn fd~g nĔenĔn znpnznkkócn húpóvóv' Fúcn dc~gia# yıgıj èapıŔeayı znèapıŔeaàg kagakcagag hncoŔen nghnccngov' F~gaenàg znvenenk oèog ògn kavŔı èıkıceacı`ıv'

Eavkyo|e(og òg bakkıgàko èncoŔko zn bapayı#fncko òĔnv acagcavàkog`ng àba fóókpóv' \ova# pavobohnvènkcnv# ògcnvog hngnccokcn n|ocng dky~ccavıgk~iaĔıgà `dĔ`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvov' NĔnv òg# f~vl~zapavaj ıgàg ~`~v~cag jakovcnv oèog fov ajdg# fov~pp~veaia dcya`ı# úgincokcn |nghog ènzvncnv`n `dĔeayı zn f~vl~zaa bakyı| ka|agè yaĔcaag fov k~v~e dceayı hnvnkovò' Dya# fópóg ògcnv# bnv |aeag bakyı|cıĔıg znbakyı|cavıg kavŔıyıgà dce~Ŕp~v' ÚvgnĔog# Ľycae ògohncòĔo |aeag dky~ccavıg cnbogn fov kavavca jao|okac`ıveıŔ# nenĔo k~pyac kaf~c npeoŔ zn |nghog`ngjakovn kagak pvagyjnvo dcag |nkapı jav| yaeıŔpıv "?/'

Eavkyo|e# ocabo ògcnvog zavcıĔıgı o|abn`nenòĔo hofo# fnŔnvo ògcnvog zavcıĔıgı à o|ab



116

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

n`nen|' \ova# 1??9 ıcıgà AF@( n kngògo enbò ocagn`ng fov yabpn }nhaefnvog `dkyag kaàv eóvoòcnfovcokpn# JFO alagcavıga pnycoe dceaea }abayıgakngòcnvogo akeacavı ofvnp znvoioòv' ĽŔpn Eavkyo|e# gnf~g~# gn baècı ynjnvcnvogo# gn `n ògàv |nghogcnvogAccab vı|ayıgàg faŔka fov kavŔıcık fnkcnen`ng

ynvznpcnvogo dky~ccava àĔıpeayıgı aèıkcaeakpagaio|òv'

@% EAVKYĽYP ENPD@^G_AGCOŗCOėOĽ`ndcdlocnv aŔagag dcacavàg `nvy acavak àba

oo aŔagafocov fov `óga k~vea èafayıgà`ıvcav' Dgn`ngcn Eavky# hnèeoŔpnko }vdfcnecnvog èú|óeógnúgncok kngò húvóŔcnvogo dc~Ŕp~v~vkng# pavobèo#envkn|onpèo# ogòvhnenio zn ogkaviı fov enpd`ynèeoŔpov' Eavky(a húvn pavob# pd}c~ecavıg ocknccokpngjndàco|en# jndàco|e`ng ka}opaco|en kngòcoĔog`ng

hnèpoĔogo; ka}opaco|e`ng ydyaco|en# ydyaco|e`ng `nkdeógo|en kngòcoĔog`ng hnèninĔogo húypnvov'Eavkyo|e# pd}c~eyac nŔopcoĔo fovnio ú|hóvcóĔn pnviobn`nv' Dga húvn# fovnio ú|hóvcók; pd}c~eyac èıkavcava|avav znvng j ıvyapèıcık# ynvznp# ıĔea zn yúeóvóó`dĔ~v~v' Eavkyo|e f~ dc~ey~|c~kcavı úgcnenk oèog#óvnpoe jakpúvcnvogog ú|nc eóckonpogn ydg znvo} dgcavı dpdvopnv fov hóè dcag `nzcnpn pnycoe n`nv' ŗoeò# kngòkngòeo|n bapa f~g~g gnvnyog`n4 òn fov ydv~ ydveagıg|aeagı`ıv'

Úgincokcn pavob# òĔnv bnvbagho fov avaŔpıveaacagı hofo# ochocngòĔo kdg~g~g agiak ynèoceoŔ fa|ı

znèbncnvo ocn ~ĔvaŔafocov' Pavobog# ydyac dvhago|eagıgfópógógó zna fov `úgneog fópóg ydyac dcacavıgı pneyoc nppoĔogn ogageak agcıŔpıv' Fópógiócók# hngoŔ znka}yaecı hncoŔen ıveaĔı Ŕnkcog`n fov ogyagcık pavobokaf~c n`ng yn|hoync agcaıŔpag póvnenkpnòv' Jakapfúcn fov pavob a|ıcaea|' Bnv a|ıceıŔ pavob# f~fópógync hncoŔengog bnvbagho fov àv znibnyogog pavoboòvzn bappa f~ ú|nc dcavak ynèoceoŔ nkyok znibngog `n èdknkyok fov pavoboòv"1=/'

Eavky pavobyncio fov akcaŔıeca pd}c~ecavıgocknccokpng jndàcopnn hnèpoĔogo zn f~g~g ynfnfogog `nyıgıj èapıŔeayı dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnv' Agiak# pd}c~ecavıg

ocknccokpng jndàcopnn hnèoŔogo ó|nghogog oia`ı

gafaĔcaag @v~iknv(og bakcıcık }aı boè eo dkp~v4 \ova#@v~iknv# ó|nghogog Ŕúzacnn òk `~vavak kıcıiıgı#hóv|ógó yaz~vea zn dk~g~ apea oekagı znvòĔo oèogyazaŔeagıg fov ~|eagcık oŔo bacogn hncòĔogo zn fúcninyazaŔıg Ŕúzacno fnycnnink pavıe oŔèocnvogn hnvnk`~~ceayıca jndàc aŔaea hnèocòĔogo yúcódv"c 1/'

Kagaapoein# pavobo; ya`nin fov yıgı j èap ı Ŕeayı dcavak húvenk nvogn# ogyagcav ıg kav Ŕıyıga èn Ŕopco

}vdfcnecnvog èıkp ı Ĕ ı zn ogyagcav ıg f~ }vdfcnecnvnèú|óe ava` ı Ĕ ı èdk fd~pc~ fov yóvnè dcavak húvenk àba `d Ĕ v~`~v' Úvgn Ĕ og Gnxpdg(a nvènkoeogokn Ŕ jnppovng ioyoecnvog goèog nvn `d Ĕ v~ `ó Ŕpó Ĕ ó`óv'

Avyboenp(n y~~g kac` ıvea hóiógó kn Ŕ jnppovng# kafıggoèog y~à ó|`ó Ĕ ó`óv' Hacocn(n `ógagıg goèog`úg`ó Ĕ ógó kn Ŕ jnppovng hnin zn hóg ó|óg goèog enàgahncò Ĕ oòv' Av ıia ngnvlo k~ccagıeıgà d`~gàg kúeóvn#kúeóv`ng }npvdcn# }npvdc`ng ncnkpvoĔn# gókcnnvngnvlon zn hógnŔ ngnvloyogn hnèoŔo |dvcaag ynfn}# bnvbac`n yıgıj èapıŔeayı dceaı}# ngnvlo npen|coĔo# ngnvloeaconpo zn nkdcdlok `nghngog fd|~ceayı`ıv'

Pavobog# yıgıj èapıŔeayıgàg èdk }vdfcneèú|enn úgncok èafacavca `dc~ dc`~Ĕ~ga znpnkgdcdlogog pd}c~eyac a}ıı `nĔoŔpovòĔogn Ŕúcn fovúvgnk àba znvnfocovo|< &Nyko Vdea(à k~ccagıcag

pıveık yafagcav Azv~}a(gıg àba |nghog zn aĔıv pd}cavı ó|nvog`n `úgnink yaĔcaecıkpa `nĔocò' Acpıgiı ó|ıcıgdvpacavıgà Ycaz kúcócnvo# pnknvcnkco zn oko fıèaĔayabo}# aĔıv ngo fov yafag póvó k~ccageaa faŔca`ıcav'''F~ ngo yafag# pavıeyac aŔaeıg póe `ó|ngogo`nĔoŔpovò' AĔıv dc`~Ĕ~gàg ynko| úkó|cók fov pakıezn fóók pavcacav hnvnkodv`~' F~ gn`ngcn èojpèocnvpavıecavıgı zn pavcacavıgı fovcnŔpoveno nĔcnòcnv''' Bı|ka|ag`ıveak oèog `n úkó| nvogn ap kdŔeaa faŔca`ıcav"16/'

Pavob Eavky(ıg `nòĔo hofo# ya`nin yıgıj èapıŔeayı dceaı} èdk fd~pc~ `nĔoŔkngcnvog kavŔıcıkcı

npkocnŔoeoòv' F~ èdk fd~pc~ `nĔoŔkngcnv; aŔagag}vdfcnecnvo èú|enn úgncok èafacav# pnkgdcdlokngocokcnv# oiapcav pd}vak ka|agea èafacavı# òg# ıvk#Ŕag# Ŕúbvnp''' zy(òv' Akyo bac`n Baècı Ynjnvcnvogo znpavobog akıŔıgı `nĔoŔpovng oiapcavı aèıkcaeak eóekógdcaea|'

NĔnv# pavobo yıgıj èapıŔeayı hofo pnk fov fd~paogòvhnng Eavky bdŔhúvócóvyn# ogyag àzvagıŔcavıgı iogync oèhó`ógóg úgcngòvoòĔogo ocnvo yóvng Yohe~g`Jvn~`# bnv Ŕnog ng hó|nc zn ng `dĔv~ eapneapokcn o|abnòcninĔogo ocnvo yóvng @niavpny# `dĔagıg `dĔacayacavı hofo ydyac dcacavıg à `dĔac ayacavı dc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnng Cdikn# bappa póenzavıeàg faŔkaúgpne pagıeaag Faidg à bdŔhúvócencoòv' Dya#f~hóg fópóg f~gcavıg agiak kıyeç `dĔv~cavdcafocninĔogo aèıkèa focodv~|'

@nĔoŔoeo yaĔcaag hnvènkpn# yaıyı|eóekóg Ŕavpcav zav`ıv; zn fov pvngòg bakoko Ŕavpcavıgı f~ceaa úgncok avaŔpıveaeı|à f~



119

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

eóekógcókcnvo ogincnnfocenk oèog# yú| kdg~y~ pvngògdvpaàg kackaiaĔı Ŕavpcag baacoeo|`n iagcag`ıveaaèacıŔeaeı| hnvnkov' Jakap oŔpn f~# pavobynciocoĔoga}aea`ıĔı Ŕnog pa kngòyoòv' D# kngò hú|`n pvngògnk~zznpcn ogagıv zn f~ pvngòg dvpaàg kackaiaĔı Ŕavpcavdga húvn `óŔógócnen| @onfocovo| ko# pavobynciocoĔog

ynjacnpo# fov baachóió ynjacnpoòv''' Èógkó# d `nĔoŔengogŔavpcavıgà fov `nĔoŔokcoĔo baac n`nen| "19/' Eavkyo|e(og fov faŔka enpd` bapayı fópógynciocokpngkagakcagıv' &\ova# fópógióc }cagiı# hóióenvkn|ocnŔpovengog kdca dc`~Ĕ~g~ |aggn`nv' Fovèdkfovnync kajaa àĔıceıŔ fochocnvog envkn|ocnŔpovocenyogogoekagyı| dc`~Ĕ~ hnvènĔogo hú|`ng kaèıvıv' Dya# envkn|o}cagcaeagıg faŔavıyı oèog fópóg f~ fochocnvogenvkn|ocnŔpovocenyo hnvnkov' ĽŔpn f~gia fovnog kajayıgàgncnv dc`~Ĕ~g~ úĔvngnenogin# fovnync javkcıcıkcavı yaj`ıŔı n`nvnk# fayopcnŔpoven dc~ca ogagècavı znèıkavpag fayea kacı} bacn hnpovenn zn kdgpvdc npenn

èacı

Ŕı

v''' F~ `~v~e `óŔógingog( ú|hóvinaèıkcageayıca faĔàŔea|' Ng ydg~gà envkn|o}cagcaeagıg `óŔógino dk npenyo hnvnkninkpov ko#fúcnin envkn|onpèocok Ŕo``npcngòkèn kafnòcng focho`n avpaiakpıv&"10/'

]d}}nv# pndvogog `ngn`ng úgin hncòĔognogagıv' Avıia# pndvogog pnyp nòcnfocov zn ncnŔpovocnfocovdceayı hnvnkpoĔogo yúcnv' Fov pndvogog èóvók gdkpacavıgı avaŔpıveaàg d pndvoo `dĔv~caag dcacavı knŔjnpengogja|caia úgneo dkp~v' \ova# nĔnv ncnŔpovoyncàzvagea|yak# bnv |aeag f~ceak oypnòkcnvoeo|of~c~v~|' Kngò pndvocnvoeo|o `dĔv~caag b~y~ycavı avavf~c~v# dgcav oèog pnbcoknco dcag bnvŔno húven|`ng hncovo|'

D |aeag p~p~i~c~k ngocoĔn j ıvyap znven|'Nzvoe zn ocnvcnengog aga |nefnvnĔo#

aakcageaa pafo dcafocnink eac|nengogènŔopcocoĔoòv' Ľgyagıg nzvoeo yú|kdg~y~ dc`~Ĕ~ |aeagoyn f~# faefaŔka dcafocen zn kdeŔ~y~ hofo dceaeabóvvonpo; èdĔ~gc~Ĕa kapıceaea zn kngò dc~gaho`nfocen bóvvonpoòv' Ľgyag bakcavıgıg `nĔoc# ogyagkajacavıgıg nŔopcngenyogn yóvókcnenyo kaèıgıcea| dcagenvkn|o kdgpvdc ocnvcnengog ydg~ `nenk dcaiakpıv''' F~kaàv obpoav fov jokvo; ióvnpco zn `nzvoeio òn pakòenpenk# javkıga zavıceaag fov p~p~i~c~Ĕ~ ncn znvenkpov"1>/'

Nkdgdeo pnk fd~pa ogòvhngnennink kaàvkaveaŔık fov yoypneòv' F~ kaveaŔıkcık úgin`ngpabeog nòcngcnvog hnvènkcnŔenyogn o|og znven|' ÈógkókaveaŔık yoypnecnvo# oypapoypoko aèıàg úgneyo| húvócngnpkngcnv kdgpvdc n`nv' F~ `~v~e avpık &kncnfnk npkoyo&òn a`cag`ıgcıdv'

&Kncnfnk npkoyo# Aea|dg dveagcavıgà kagap èıv}agfov kncnfnĔog fov oko bajpa a à fov oko a ydgvaIboiahd(àko bazaı úgcngòvnfocninĔogo húypnvov''' Znboèfov kaveaŔık yoypne bnvbagho fov Ŕno `ıŔyac yaavakfov kngava apaea|' Baza# ago kıya za`nco dch~cav yú|kdg~y~ dc~gia yoypne òn fov Ŕn dkp~v# acgı|

kavhaŔa zav`ıv''# F~ gdkpa Ľkogio @óga YazaŔıgàgydgva ~h~cagag `nzcnp }dcopokacavıgıg goèog oŔnavaea`ıĔıgı aèıkcav' Gopnkoe 1?26 Gdfnc nkdgdeoú`ócó yabofo H'L' Ypohcnv popo| avaŔpıveacavıca AF@úgnpoecnvogog ıccavia nkdgdeoo `ngnpcnenk#úgcngòvenk a à `ó|ngcnenk oèog `ngnòĔok~vaccavıg oŔn avaea`ıĔıgı húypnveoŔpov "1:/'

Eavkyo|e(og ogòvhnenio fov enpd`ca faŔavıcı dceayı eóekóg `nĔocòv' F~ ynfn}cn# ~h~caeaàkoEavkyo|e pndvo`ng àba kúpó`óv' Bakoe hóè dcagúgnpngcnv bakoeonpog `nzaeı oèog bnv póvcó |dv~eófab húvnvnk backı òcnòkcnvo hofo óvnpenn zn

póknpenn enif~v npeoŔcnvòv' Ľgyagcavıg kajayıgàpaŔı`ıĔı `óŔógin boè yaıcı} bnvknyog envkn|o fov`óŔóginn ~eayı oypngeoŔpov' Ydg~èpa# fninvoyogn húvnbnvknypng# obpoaiıga húvn bnvknyn yú|ó fov ycdhagdceaàg úpn hopeneoŔpov' Ľbpoaècavıg kavŔıcageayı znú|hóvcókcnvog aŔageayı aèıyıgàg fov nŔopcokyn aycaeóekóg dceaeıŔpıv'

N% ŗĽE@Ľ GN DCAIAK4 Eavkyo|e(o# enpd` agcıŔcıĔı zn vakofo

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enpd`~g agcıŔcıĔı hóg hofo dvpaà`ıv' Ka}opaco|eogfaŔavıcavı dcavak à; bı|cı kackıgea# pnkgdcdlok ocnvcnen#znvoecocok avpıŔı# yıgıjcav avayı hncov javkcıcıĔıgıga|aceayı ocn jnvò bak zn ú|hóvcókcnv yaıcafocov'Ka}opacoyp óckncnv`n oŔèocnv; oŔ yú|cnŔenyo# hvnz# oŔyo|cokeaaŔı# oŔ ynèen zn `nĔoŔpoven hofo bakcava yabo}dc`~kcavıgàg f~hóg 1?'(àko f~vl~za faykıyıgı agı úcèó`n aŔaea|cav' Dya# pd}c~e~g e~pc~c~Ĕ~g~yaz~gag Eavkyo|e# }vdfcnecnvo èú|neneoŔ#focakoyavpıveıŔpıv' F~ ynfn}cn Ŕoeò# boè fov óckn zn boèfovkoeyn Eavkyoyp ockncnvo yabo}cngeodv' Fópógf~gcava vaĔeng# pavob`ng `nvy acıgea|ya agı bapacavıg

bappa àba ja|cayı

gı

g pnkvavcageaa%iaĔıgıg havagpoyo dkp~v'Eavkyo|eog èúkóŔóg`ng ydgva# úginko

eavkyoyp óckncnvog f~hóg gayıc fov dc o|cnninkcnvoenvak kdg~y~`~v' Eavkyo|e(og f~ `ngco bı|cı èúkóŔóg`ng `~`~Ĕ~ ŔaŔkıgcıĔı ho|cnenng Yaeov



11>

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f~gcava fakavak baca hóècó dcagıg bakcı dc`~Ĕ~ fov `ógaàaŔa`ıĔıea ogagıdv~e' PaŔı`ıĔı dc~ey~|c~kcavho`nvocenòĔo eó``npèn ka}opaco|eog kavŔıyıga bnv |aeagngo fov o`ndcdlogog èıkeayı fnkcngencoòv' Bappa# ngoo`ndcdlogog ogyagcıĔa b~|~v hnpovenng Eavkyo|e hofo fov

yoypne zna'

D |aeag fov }a}aĔag hofo Ŕ~g~ yúcnv `~v~v~|< dgàg àbakúpó fov yoypne dceayı à eóekóg`óv' &Hnvon zna ocnvon!Hoòcnink nv f~ kaàv' @ıŔavıa zna oènvon# dc àv! Yngkoeyog4 Fngoe ' @aba ja|cayıgı yúcnnfocov eoyog4 Yı|gnyogo|4 Fóók èdi~k' '@úg fafae `úg# `úg fafe `úg&

"66/'

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g Nzvoeo# 0' Fayı

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KAVAGAKÈ1# 9' Faykı# # ĽŔ Fagkayı _a'# Agkava1??9 y' 1:2'

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6=' J YIBÊAIBNV# Kóèók Hó|ncòv# Ènz' Dyeag

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Ľypagf~c 1?20# y'8'



11:

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FDYGA%BNVYNK(PN HÓZNGĽCEN\FAVOŗ ZN @A_PDG AGCAŗEAYOYDGVAYO

Hnvènk FavıŔ Yóvnio eo#Hnèoio fov ApnŔkny eo4

_oveogio ó|ıcıg ydg dg ıccık `úgneognhovocovkng# `óga yoayac kdgldgkpóvó# fóók zn kúkcó`nĔoŔokcokcnvn yabgn dce~Ŕp~v' 1?2?(àg opofavng ydĔ~kyazaŔıg ydga nvo}# kdeógoyp o`ndcdlogog yoayo fov yoypnedcavak ojcayı ocn _~hdycaza zn Ydznp YdyacoypI~eb~vonpcnv FovcoĔo èúkeóŔ zn @dĔ~ Azv~}a

kdeógoyp óckncnvo pnk pnk kdeógoyp fcdkpag avıcavakngo vnloecnvcn oàvn nòcng óckncnv bacogn hnceoŔpov' F~avaà fovèdk nyko kdeógoyp óckn `n kngò oècnvog`n}avèacageıŔpıv' F~gcavàg fa|ıcavı dc`~kèa yagiıyı| fovŔnkoc`n hnvènkcnŔeoŔ# òĔnv fa|ıcavı oyn _~hdycaza‟ adc`~Ĕ~ hofo fóók yıkıgpı zn dcacava yabgn dce~Ŕp~v'

Ľkogio @óga YazaŔı‟gàg f~ aga hnèng >= ıcoèog`n Azv~}a( a dvpaa èıkag ènŔopco npgok zn òg aeaècı eóia`ncncnv oèog`n ng fóók npgok pneo|cnen~h~caeacavıgıg a}ıc`ıĔı èapıŔea oyn_~hdycaza(gıg }avèacageayıgàg ydgva Fdyga%Bnvynk I~eb~vonpog`n aŔageıŔpıv' Fdyga%Bnvynk

pd}vakcavı

gàko yazaŔ ogagı

cea| fd~pcavà pabvofapa#ogyag baapıga zn ı|`ıvafıga eac dce~Ŕp~v' F~ yazaŔpaogyag bakcavı póeó ocn obcac nòceoŔ# ~c~ycavavayı kao`nzn k~vaccav èoĔgngeoŔpov'

F~ èacıŔeagıg ba|ıvcag`ıĔı hógcnv`n oyn@apdg ~|caŔeayı zn ]avoy FavıŔ AgcaŔeayı‟ga oe|akdag pavajcav# Fdyga( a ko FavıŔı óvópen èafacavı oèog`nòvcnv' Akyaag ~h~caeacavı `ó|ncpenk aeaiı ocnVdea pd}cagpıyıga kapıceıŔ zn paabbópcnvogo fovknvnàba ngocnenk `~v~e~gà kaceıŔcav`ıv' FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv FavıŔ Hóió ayknvcnvo nvogn GAPD ayknvcnvohúvnzo `nzvaceıŔcav`ıv' Fóók `ıŔ faykıcav zn dcacavıg|dvcaeayı ocn hnvènkcnŔng f~ FavıŔ gn kaàv kacıiı

dcaiak# gayıc ~h~cagaiak zn gn |aeaga kaàv npkocodcafocninkpov 4 Hnèoio dceagıg úpnyogn ho`nfocnink eoòv4f~gcavı agiak |aeag zn dcacavıg hncoŔoeo húypnvninkpov'@apdg ~|caŔeayıgıg hnvènk fov èú|óe zn kacıiı fov`~v~e e~ #dkya hnèoio fov ynva} eı dc`~Ĕ~g~ àúgóeó| nko acav a fncco dcaiakpıv'

@dè' @v' Da Akhúgngè E~hboy~`òg

Fockngp Ógoznvyopnyo ^c~ycavavayı Ľ co Ŕkocnv Fúcóeó Ú Ĕ vnpoeÓnyo

HnèeoŔn Kıya fov fakıŔ Nyko _~hdycaza(gıg dvpayıgà nv acag Fdyga%

Bnvynk i~eb~vonpo ènŔopco npgok zn òg hv~}cavıgıgaŔa`ıĔı ~c~ycavavayı fov koŔocoĔn yabo} fov óckn dcavak1??6 `n faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag npeoŔpov' F~gàg èdk kıya fov

|aeag ydgva à óckn fóók fov kaveaŔa# yazaŔ zn ıkıeyóvniogn hoveoŔpov' Pd}vakcavı kdeŔ~cavı pavaj ıgàgoypoca nòceoŔ# backı fóók fov npgok pneo|cnenn pafop~p~ce~Ŕp~v' 1??6 Eavp‟ıgàg f~ aga `nzae npenkpn dcagyazaŔ# Azv~}a zn òĔnv `óga `nzcnpcnvogog hovoŔoecnvo zn



118

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv PnŔkocapıgıg favıŔı kdv~ead}nvaydgcavıga vaĔeng ~v`~v~caeaeıŔpıv'

Kıvk `úvp aı aŔkıg fov |aeag`ıv Fdyga(à yóvnho`ng yazaŔ zn ènŔopco hovoŔoecnvcn yaĔcageak oypngng

favı

Ŕ# ydg~gà Aenvoka FovcnŔok@nzcnpcnvogog hovoŔoeo# ıyvavı zn kavavcı p~p~e~ ocnhnvènkcnŔeoŔpov' Aenvoka(gıg Dbod nacnpog`n f~c~gag@apdg Ŕnbvo akıgıgà ko Aenvokag Baza K~zznpcnvognaop fov óy`n a}ıcag zn óè bajpa yóvng ydg `nvnin hnvhogzn |dv eó|aknvn zn }a|avcıkcav ydg~i~gà# 1??6(`ng f~aga yazaŔeakpa dcag pavajcav 66 Kayıe 1??>(pn@apdg ~|caŔeayıgı oe|acaeıŔ zn ]avoy(pn a}ıcaiakdcag FavıŔ agcaŔeayıga hopenn va|ı dce~Ŕcav`ıv'

Ncco fov fog ó| oveo `dk~| Kocdenpvn kavn zn`úvp f~è~k eocdg gój~yc~ Fdyga%Bnvynk : ŗ~fap 1??6`n faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag npeoŔ zn Azv~}a(à AHĽP "nykoAHĽK pnŔkocapı/ zn FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv Pavaj ıgàgfaĔıeyı| ngo fov `nzcnp dcavak pagıgeıŔpıv' Npgok# coyagzn òg fakıeàg ènŔopcocok av| n`ng zn a`npa fov ed|aokhúvógóeóg`n ko pd}c~e~g~ à ngo }dcopok a}ıyı oèog`nagng e~baja|a npenn èacıŔag Fdyga%Bnvynk (og f~havnpcnvo faŔavıa ~caŔaeaeıŔpıv' KdeŔ~cavı Yıv}cav znBıvzapcav# Fdyga%Bnvynk `nzcnpo yıgıvcavı oèog`n kngònpgok zn òg hv~}cavıgıg èdĔ~gc~kpa dc`~Ĕ~ fúchncnvo ock`nja pnŔzok nò}# `nypnkcnnvnk ydgva à fo||ap oŔhacn`nvnk f~ fúchncnv`n npgok zn ògo pneo|cok bavnknpcnvognfaŔcaeıŔcav`ıv' Fúcnin Fdyga backı# kngòcnvogo kıvk

`úvp aàg ja|ca yóvnink fov eóia`ncn oèog`nf~ce~Ŕp~v' F~ `úgne oèog`n yóvnkco dcavak pd}vakcavı kóèóceóŔ# gój~y~ nvoeoŔ zn pavobo eovayı yoypneapokdcavak dk nòceoŔpov'

Fdyga%Bnvynk `nzcnpo f~ yóvnè oèog`n# bne oè#bne `n `ıŔ hv~}cava kavŔı fov aŔae zn pd}vak eóia`ncnyoznveoŔpov' Ycdznga zn Bıvzapoypag hofo faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag nò} kngògn ngo fov dc èo|en oypnĔogog `ıŔıgà boèfov pacnfo dceaeayıga vaĔeng kngòyogo kagcı fov yazaŔıgoèog`n f~ce~Ŕ# òvngenn `úzóŔenn zna paeaeng dknòceno hú|n aceaa |dvcageıŔpıv' @úvp ıca akıg

yóvng f~ yazaŔı

g ydg~gà Fdyga%Bnvynk# 6>= fogogóypóg`n úcó# 6 eocdg &~g óypóg`n nvyo|# ~vpy~|húèeng zn 1== fogog óypóg`n pniazó|n ~ĔvaeıŔ ka ıg znkı| zn ó| fogcnvin avacı zn }yokdcdlok pvazeaa ~ĔvaeıŔ èdi~Ĕa vaĔeng# hnvo kacagcavı k~vpavafocenk oèog @apdgpd}cagpıyıga kapıceaa zn @apdg ~|caŔeayı zn ]avoyagcaŔeayıga oe|a kdeak |dv~gà kaceıŔpıv'

Kıyaiayı# Fdyga%Bnvynk(og kngògn ú|hógnpgok# òg zn kócpóv a}ıyıgıg Azv~}a(gıg dvpayıgàfaĔıeyı| fov `nzcnp dcavak aŔaeayıga# faŔavıcahncoŔenyogn j ıvyap zn oekag znvoceneoŔpov' Fdyga%

Bnvynk I~eb~vonpo 1??0(pn fóók fov `nĔoŔoe`nghnènvnk# Bıvzapoypag(ca fov Jn`nvaydg k~veaa va|ı dce~Ŕp~v' 1??6 zn 1??9 ıccavıgà Bıvzapoypag(caa}pıĔı eóia`ncncnvn vaĔeng# faĔıeyı| fov `nzcnp

dcavak kacafocenk zn gój~y~g~g hnvo kacag kı

yeı

gı

paefov ydkıvıeıgàg k~vpavafocenk aeaiı ocnBıvzapoypag(ca fov Jn`nvaydg oèogn hoveno kaf~cnpeoŔpov' Fdyga `nzcnpo agiak f~ Ŕavpcav acpıgà bne `ıŔ `ógaàg àba vabap fov Ŕnkoc`n av`ıe acafoceoŔ# bne`n Y~}cava kavŔı faŔavıcı ayknvo d}nvaydgcavca#kafnpeoŔ dc`~Ĕ~ pd}vakcavàg fa|ıcavıgı hnvonka|ageıŔpıv'

1??>(og AĔ~ypdy~ga hncogòĔog`n# @ógakae~d~ zn Fdyga kvo|o ocn yoayo zn ayknvo faĔcagpıyı dcag `nzcnpcnv# 1??6(`ng f~ aga `nzae n`ng f~úcóeióc yazaŔıg `~v`~v~ceayı oèog èdk aioc fa|ı ngo

pn`fovcnvog hnvnkpoĔog`n j ıkıv fovcoĔogn ~caŔeŔ zn d|aeaga kaàv a}ıcag ~h~caeacavıg acgıŔcavıgı kaf~cnpenk |dv~gà kaceıŔcav`ıv' Hnèng kıvk `úvp a oèog`nFovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv# Azv~}a FovcoĔo zn GAPDpavaj ıgàg ~h~cagag kvo| èú|óe kavav znúgpnecnvogog npnvyo|coĔo knyog dcavak agcaŔıceıŔ znFdyga(à kacıiı ydg~ècavıgacıgafocenyo oèog# d |aeaga kaàv ~h~cagagenpd`cavıg `nĔoŔenyo hnvnkcocoĔo `n |dv~gc~ bacnhnceoŔpov'

Ydg HncoŔoecnv zn @úgóe

Gdkpayı Fdyga%Bnvynk(pnko ayknvo zn yoayo `~v~e#Pnee~| zn AĔ~ypdy 1??>(png opofavng `nĔoŔennfaŔcaeıŔpıv' F~ hngnc `nĔoŔoe# focbayya Yvnfvngoia#Yn}a zn Hdval`n hofo èdĔ~gc~kpa Eóycóeagcavı aŔa`ıĔı zn FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnvin &Hózngco Fúchn&dcavak ocag nòcng fúchncnvn Fdygacı Yıv}caviahnvènkcnŔpovocng yac`ıvıcav ydg~i~gà faŔcaeıŔpıv' F~fúchncnvog kıya yóvn`n Eóycóeagcavàg avıg`ıvıceayı;ka`ıg zn èdi~kcavıg húè nppovocenyo zn nvknkFdŔgakcavıg oyn pd}caea kae}cavıga húpóvóc`ókpngkıya fov yóvn ydgva kaı}cava kavıŔeayı `ógagıg

òkkapogo f~ fúchncnv óypóg`n pd}caeı

Ŕpı

v' F~vacavàgkaèeaı faŔavag k~vfagcav zn úvhó pagıkcavıgıgYıv}cavıg hnvènkcnŔpovenkpn dc`~kcavı fóók kapcoaeı ènŔopco @óga av`ıe úvhópcnvogn zn FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv k~zznpcnvogn akpaveacavı ó|nvogn @ógaKae~d~gà èdk fóók pn}kocnv dc~Ŕe~Ŕp~v' ĽŔpn#Fdyga Kvo|og`nko úgóe gdkpayı à f~ dcacavàg ydgvaŔnkoccngenn faŔcaeıŔpıv"c/'

Yvnfvngoia zn \n}a(gıg `óŔenyo zn pnbcokngogFobaè ka}ıcavıga àageayı ó|nvogn Fdyga znBıvzapoypag I~eb~vfaŔkagcavı óckncnvo avayıgà fovayknvo oŔfovcoĔo yaĔcaeak aeaiı ocn Pnee~| 1??>(pn



112

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Y}cop Ŕnbvog`n fovavaa hncnvnk fov }vdpdkdcoe|acaeıŔcav`ıv' F~ àagıŔea zn hózngingogyaĔcageayıgàg ydgva bnv oko pavajpa Fdygacı Yıv}cavakafnpeoŔ dc`~kcavı pd}vakcavıgàg fa|ıcavıgı hnvoaceaı zn f~vacavı Yıv}cavıg kdgpvdcóg`ng k~vpaveaı faŔaveıŔcav`ıv'

Fdyga oèog`n f~ ayknvo hncoŔencnv dc~vkng# agı bajpacavà f~ga nŔ|aeagcı dcavak Fapı PneayH~v~f~g~ pnŔkoc n`ng fnŔ `nzcnpog @ıŔ oŔcnvo znYaz~gea Fakagcavı ocn Fdyga%Bnvynkpn‟ko FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv "FE/ FavıŔ Hóió(gn ayknvo kapkıà f~c~gag dgfov `nzcnpog pneyociocnvo Cdg`va(à aioc fov kdgjnvagyoèog pd}cageıŔpıv' Yvnfvngoia zn \n}a(gıg `óŔpóĔóacavàko ayknvo hncoŔoecnv zn FavıŔ hóió~h~caeacavıgà dvpaa èıkag hóècókcnv# FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnvcn GAPD avayıgà d |aeaga kaàvk~ccagıceakpa dcag &`~ac kn }dcoi& ago &èojpnagabpav }dcopokayıgıg gn kaàv bagpac fov ~h~caea

dc`~Ĕ~g~ knyogcokcn dvpaa èı

kavpeı

Ŕpı

v' _ogn f~ ynfn}cnyazaŔı `~v`~veaa úgncok% fovèdk ayknvo d}nvaydg~gnpkoyo| bacn hncòĔo zn bappa joaykda `úgóŔpóĔó húvóŔóaĔıvcık ka|ageıŔpıv' FaŔcaghıèpa# Èojpn agabpav}dcopokayı FE ocn GAPD hóècnvogog fovfovogo`ngnpcnenyogo aeaècaag zn FE(cnvn àba èdk yú|bakkı pagıag fov yoypne dcavak hncoŔpovoceoŔpov' Bnvbaghofov baza paavv~|~ zna baza bavnkapıgà bnv oko hv~f~gbne bn`njcnv# bne `n yac`ıvıgıg yóvnio zn ka}yaeı kdg~y~gà e~pafakapa zaveayıgı úghúvenkpnò' F~`dcacı zn bnv ynjnvog`n }nk èdk koŔogog agı kdg~àe~pafakapıgı Ŕavp kdŔag zn èdk azaŔ oŔcnng fov yoypnedcag &èojpn agabpav }dcopokayı& Fdyga % Bnvynk(pn d

|aeaga kaàv hovoŔocng póe ayknvo oŔcnecnvo oèog fóókyıkıgpı avapeıŔpıv' FE hngnc ynkvnpnvo F~pvdy Hacopavaj ıgàg fóók fov ogapca óvópócng zn bnv póvcódc~ey~| ydg~ia vaĔeng `nĔoŔpovocnenng f~~h~caeagıg avpık |aeagıgı èdkpag opovòĔo `npavpıŔeayı| fov hnvènk dcavak dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv'

Yıv} yac`ıvhagcıĔı# Yıv}cavıg fópóg FE(cnvkavavcavıgı boèn yaeacavı# ogyag bakcavıgı obcacnpencnvo zn FE(cnv hózngco fúchncnvogo obcac bappaoypoca npencnvo kavŔıyıgà# ~c~ycavavayı hóècnvogYıv}cava kavŔı &bapıvı ya`ıv zn knyog ydg~èacafocnink fov z~v~Ŕ a}eacavıgı úgcnng zn

Yı

v}cava hnvnkng inzafı

g znvocenenyogn ynfn}dcag& a}pıvıecavıg f~ bagpac ~h~caeagıg ynfn}dc`~Ĕ~ fóók èdĔ~gc~kca kaf~c nòcennfaŔcageıŔpıv'F~ ~h~caeacavıg npnvyo|coĔo zn dc~ey~| npkocnvo ocnFE%GAPD ocoŔkoyo oèog`nko okocnecnvog kaf~cóg`ngydgva enàga hncng ydg~è znpd npkoyogog FE(cnvhngnc ynkvnpnvog`ng acıgavak# GAPD kavav

envkn|ogn `nzvnòcenyo dce~Ŕp~v"6/' F~ kavavıgnpkocnvo }nk èdk acagà kngòyogo boyynppoveoŔ zn`nvbac úgneco knyog ydg~ècavıg acıgeayıgı yaĔcaeıŔpıv'

_ngo zn npkoco hncoŔencnv Ŕúcninyıvacagafocov< FE fógnyog`n ngo fov ènzok k~zznp

ógopnyo avapıcavak Fdyga(gıg envkn| kıyeıgàf~c~gag Oheag àĔı óypóg`nko óycnvn nvcnŔpovoceoŔpov'Avıia# ~h~cagaiak dcag póe GAPD bazayac`ıvıcavıgıg }cag zn ~h~caea eny~conpcnvogogpaeaeng GAPD envkn| k~eagàgcıĔıgıgydv~ec~c~Ĕ~ga znvoceoŔpov' Fúcnin# knyog ydg~ècavıgacıgafocninĔo bavnkap ynvfnypoyogn oekag yaĔcageıŔpıv'

F~ hncoŔoecnvog bneng av`ıgàg ĽycaeKdgjnvagyı PnŔkocapı ón `nzcnpcnvogog @ıŔoŔcnvoFakagcavı Ľycae Óckncnvo Pneay Hv~f~(g~g ynko|ónyo ocn fovcokpn dcaĔagóypó fov pd}cagpı hnvènkcnŔpovnvnk# f~gia a`ıv Fdyga%Bnvynk(n bakyı|

dcavak ~h~cageakpa dcag ~c~ycavavayı

aefavhd(~f~gàg fúcn pagıea`ıkcavıgı ocag npeoŔcnvòv' F~gàgkıya fov yóvn ydgva à Aenvokag yngapdy~ }nk èdkúgcnvo ocn dc`~kèa bajojcnpoceoŔ fov yocabaefavhdy~g~ avpık Fdyga%Bnvynk(n kavŔı ~h~caeaeakavavıgı aceıŔpıv' AĔ~ypdy aıgà oyn nyko_~hdycaza( a `nzae npenkpn dcag yazaŔıg`~v`~v~ceayı zn favıŔıg yaĔcagafocenyo oèog ngo fovfavıŔ }cagı pnŔnffóyó ocn favıŔ hovoŔoecnvogoóypcngeoŔpov' F~ aŔaeaàg opofavng ogoyoapoj paeaengAenvokagıg ncogn hnèeoŔ zn Aenvokag ò}cdeapcavıgıgyazaŔag pavajcav zn póe pneay h~v~f~ óncnvoavayıgàfaŔcappıĔı enkok ò}cdeayoyo enpd`~ ocn f~ ngo

favıŔ }cagıgıg pagıpıeı a}ıceıŔpıv'A`npa fov èıĔ hofo fovfovo av`ıgàg hncng f~

hncoŔoecnv zn aceag kavavcav# `óga kae~ d~g~g`nĔoŔpoĔogog zn `óga eoccnpcnvogog Fdyga(àkoogyagcık `ıŔı àzvagıŔcava àba ja|ca yafıvhúypnvenninĔogog oo fov húypnvhnyo dce~Ŕp~v' Yıv}yac`ıvhagcıĔıgıg pdcnvagy úcèócnvogo ja|cayı ocn aŔeıŔ dceayı; Yıv}cavıg FE ayknvcnvogo òvnkcnvnkncn}èncnenk hofo p~p~ecavàg# FE hózngcofúchncnvogn yac`ıveaa kaàv bnv póvcó ayak znk~vaccavıg èoĔgngenyo zn ydgvaà fóók úcèó`n fovydkıvıeıgı Yvnfvngoia zn \n}a( a hnvènkcnŔpovenyo

ydg~i~gà yafı

v úcèócnvo yı

gı

v `~zavı

ga ~caŔeı

Ŕpı

v' 62AĔ~ypdypa Yavafdyga ó|nvogn `ó|ngcngng Yıv}yac`ıvıcavı à &favàĔı paŔıvag ydg àeca& dce~Ŕp~v'Y~}cav kngò a}pıkcavı yac`ıvıcavı FdŔgakcav óypógnıkeak oèog èdk havnp npeoŔcnvyn `n FE(cnvog a}pıĔı òkkapco ogincnencnv ydg~gà Yavafdyga(a a}ıcagbazag pd}~ yac`ıvıyıgıg boè Ŕó}bn húpóven|



11?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ŕnkoc`n Fdygacı Y ıv}cav pavaj ıgàg hnvènkcn Ŕpovocò Ĕ odvpaa èıkavp ıceı Ŕ zn oy}apcageı Ŕp ıv'

Yıv}cavıg hnvènkcnŔpovòĔo f~ Yavafdyga }a|av%nvo fdefacaeayıga kavŔıg GAPD &D}nvapodg @ncofnvapnJdvin& ago &Ľbpoapo zn Kayıpcı Z~v~Ŕ D}nvaydg~& agcaeıga hncng baza akıgcavıgı faŔcapeıŔpıv' Fdyga

b~`~pcavı oènvoyog`n# àba úgin`ng fncovcngng znFdygacı Yıv}cava aop dcag úgneco zn ypvapnlok ayknvobn`njcnvn ynvo bacog`n zn avkayı avkayıgà baza akıgcavı `ó|ngcngeoŔpov' F~ akıgcav 10 Ncóc(n kaàv agoakcaŔık oko bajpa fd~gia `nzae npeoŔpov' GAPDbavnkapıgıg gn `nvnin io`ò zn kavavcı zn kayıpcı dc`~Ĕ~g~ydg~gà javk zn kaf~c n`ng Yıv}cav# FE(cnv kavavcavıga~eaa zn aĔıv yocabcavıgı Yavafdyga (gıg 6= Ke'~|aĔıga ènkenn |dvcageıŔcav`ıv' F~ paabbó`ó nvognhnpovninkcnvogo yú| znvencnvo zn ~h~caeaakdeacavıgàg ydgva fdefav`ıeagcav ~ve~Ŕp~v' Ncócaıgıg dvpacavıgàg opofavng `n Aenvokag Ú|nc pneyocioyo#

Voibav` Bacfvddk pavaj ı

gàg &ogivnengpac ypn}%f%ypn}a}}vdaib& ago &a`ıe%a`ıe avppıvea akcaŔıeı& enpd`~~h~cageaa kdge~Ŕp~v' Bacfvddk pavaj ıgàgóvópócng pnenycavà zn a}ıcag bnv húvóŔen`n `d|~ znka}yaeı avppıvıcag kdg~cav zn kdg~Ŕeacav ydg~i~gàpavajcav Ingnzvn( n fov avaa hncnvnk avacavıgàkoagcaŔea|cıkcavıg aga gdkpacavıgı pny}op npenn va|ı dce~Ŕcav`ıv' _ago# ng a|ıgàg }vngyo}cnv óypóg`n fovagcaŔeaa zaveaa vı|a húypnveoŔcnvòv"9/'

@apdg FavıŔ ^|caŔeayıgıgHnvènkcnŔenyoAenvoka FovcnŔok @nzcnpcnvo FaŔkagı Focc

Icogpdg > Nkoe 1??> pavobog`ng opofavng hnènvcodceak ó|nvn Fdyga(à acpeıŔ hógcók fov apnŔkny(ogfaŔca`ıĔıgı Xayboghpdg(à ocag npeoŔpov' Bneng nvpnyohóg ago : Nkoe 1??> hógó Vdea(à pd}cagag 16koŔocok ngo fov Nyko _~hdycaza Dcacavı oèogKdgyócpaydg Hv~f~ f~ apnŔ%kny(o pnop npeoŔ zn ochocoenviocnvn zn `óga kae~ d~ga `~~ve~Ŕp~v' F~ ngok~v~cag Kdgyócpaydg hv~f~ Aenvokagıg ~h~caeaakd`~Ĕ~ &a`ıe# a`ıe avppıvea akcaŔıeıgıg fov}avèayı zn `dcaıyıca úgin`ng bnya}cagı}# }cagcageıŔ fov ~h~caea úgpneogog hnvnkco fov yajbayı dcavakhnvènkcnŔpovoceoŔpov' 16 koŔocok f~ ngo kdgyócpaydg

h~v~f~# ngo fov `ncnhncnv h~v~f~ `nĔoc `n `nzcnpfaŔkagcavı ynzonyog`n fov pd}cagpı dcavakba|ıvcageıŔ zn ~h~cageıŔpıv' @dcaıyıca f~vaàznvocng yú|cnv zn acıgag kavavcav paeaengngpnvgaydgac gopncokpn dc~}# `nvbac ~h~cageaa

kdge~Ŕp~v' @dcaıyıca 16 Nkoe 1??> pavobog`ngopofavng `n Fdyga%Bnvynk b~`~pcavı oèog`nko bnv nv`n&apnŔ%kny& npkog fov Ŕnkoc`n ~h~cageaa kdge~Ŕp~v'

ĽŔog f~ aŔaeayıgà ngo fov ]nainOe}cnengpapodg Jdvin "]OJ/ ago FavıŔ ^h~caea Hóió"F^H/ pnyoy nòceoŔ zn GAPD kde~payı acpıga

nvcnŔpovoceoŔpov' F^H dg oko a oèog k~v~ce~Ŕ fovk~zznp dc~}# óypcngòĔo húvnzcnvo zn bn`njcnvogohnvènkcnŔpovenk oèog 8=#=== koŔocok fov }nvydgncka`vdy~ga yabo}pov' ApnŔknyog póe Fdyga(à~h~cageaa faŔcaeayı zn ú|nc FavıŔ ^h~caeahóiógóg obày nòcenyog`ng bneng fov bajpa ydgvaago 1? Nkoe 1??>(pn d |aeaga kaàv Fdyga(à húvnza}ag ú|nc pneyocio _ay~ybo Akaybo zn FE(cnv ú|nc ava%f~c~i~y~ Pbdvzac` Ypdcpngfnvh zn FE k~zznpcnvok~eagàe hngnvac Yeopb húvnzcnvogo `nzvn`nvnkFdyga(àg avıceıŔcav`ıv' F~ koŔocnvog nvcnvogo znhúvnzcnvogo Fdyga( ako ngo ~h~caeacavı

hnvènkcnŔpovnink ngo pakı

eı

g óncnvo aceı

Ŕpı

v"0/'Fdyga%Bnvynk# Bıvzapoypag zn Yıvfoypagi~eb~vfaŔkagcavı 1 Kayıe 1??> pavobog`nAenvokagıg Dbod nacnpog`n f~c~gag @apdg‟~gbneng `ıŔıgà f~c~gag Xvohbp%]appnvydg BazaK~zznpcnvo óyyó(g`n pd}cageıŔcav`ıv' F~ pd}cagpı#Aenvoka FovcnŔok @nzcnpcnvogog àznpo ó|nvogn znAenvokagıg `nypnkcno} úgn yóv`óĔó favıŔ Ŕavpcavıgı húvóŔenk zn `úvp ıca akıg`ıv Fdyga(à `nzaenpenkpn dcag yazaŔa fov ydg znvenk aeaiı ocna}ıceıŔ dcag fov àznppo' @apdg à ko pd}cagpı pae61 hóg `nzae npeoŔpov zn f~ `úgne |avj ıgà èdk |dv znhnvhog agcav aŔageıŔpıv' Ú|nccokcn# pd}vak

dvagcavıgàko `nĔoŔokcokcnv ó|nvog`n fóók pavpıŔeacavdce~Ŕ zn ~|caŔea oe|aàg 02 yaap úgin a`npa o}pacgdkpayıga ~caŔeıŔpıv'

Fópóg f~ hóècókcnvn vaĔeng @apdg( a èdkngpnvnyag fa|ı òĔnv hncoŔoecnv n nv aceıŔpıv' Enynca fovèdk kdg~à ockcnv faŔavıceıŔpıv' F~gcavàg fa|ıcavı Ŕ~gcav`ıv', Apoga(à 1??9(pn fov avaa hncng jakap boèfov gnpoinacaeaag f~ óè i~eb~vfaŔkagı# 1??>(og Ncóc(ógnkaàv yazaŔpıkpag ydgva ock `nja dcavak pnkvav fov avaahncenn va|ı dce~Ŕcav`ıv' F~ `nja# hnvènkcnŔng f~pd}cagpıàg dc~ec~ fov ydg~è èıkeıŔpıv'

, 1??6(`ng fnvo `nzae npenkpn dcag FdygayazaŔıgà# Aenvoka FovcnŔok @nzcnpcnvo ock `nja dcavakakpoj fov vdc ókcngenn vı|a húypnveoŔ zn f~ kdg~anyaycı fov èú|óe hnpovenk aeaiı ocn ock `nja knyog fovkavavcıcıkca favıŔ hovoŔoecnvogo faŔcapeıŔpıv', V~ya Jn`nvaydg~# Fdyga( a favıŔıg yaĔcageayı oèog 6=== ayknv dccaeaa va|ı dce~Ŕp~v' FavıŔ hóióoèog`n èacıŔaiak dcag f~ ayknvo }nvydgnc ock `nja



16=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

dcavak ovnkp GAPD k~eagàyıgà húvnz aceak ó|nvnkdg~Ŕcag`ıvıceıŔcav`ıv' Bnv gn kaàv# f~gcav àba èdk`nypnk k~zznpcnv hv~f~gà f~c~g~dvya à# f~ úcèó`n fovoŔfovcoĔo ock `nja dcavak hnvènkcnŔeoŔpov' , Ng úgneco&ock& `n# @apdg kdg~Ŕeacavıgıg ydg~i~gà dvpaaóvóen zn faŔavı Ŕagyı dcag fov }cag zn f~g~`nypnkcnng }vngyo}cnv èıkeıŔpıv' 1??6( ng f~ aga

a}ıcag fovèdk hovoŔoecnv# }cagcav boèfov ydg~è znveneoŔ zna ydg `nvnin pavajcı dcavak dv~ecageıŔpıv'@dcaıyıca fabyo hnèng f~ èacıŔeacav fdŔa hnèovoceoŔ |aeag kaàv jaàyı| dce~Ŕ zn f~gcavàg boè fovydg~è acıgaeaeıŔpıv' \apng }nk èdĔ~ à Fdyga(gıgŔavpcavıga ~eaag# hnvènkèo dceaag pnkcojcnvò' Ľck`nja dcavak @apdg(à a}ıcag húvóŔencnv fov ydg~iafaĔcageıŔ zn 61 Kayıe 1??> pavobog`n @apdg^|caŔeayı bnv óè co`nv pavaj ıgàg }avajn nòceoŔpov'_ogn f~vaà# bnv óè co`nv`ng `n# Avacık 10(pn ]avoy(pnpd}cagaiak dcag FavıŔ kdg~Ŕeacavıga kapıcea kavav znyú|ó acıgeıŔpıv' @apdg kdg~Ŕeacavı yóvniog`n dcaıg

ókó Aenvokacı

cavia paŔı

geı

Ŕpı

v' Óyppn yı

vacagag f~&ock&cnv zn àba }nk èdk dc~ec~ ydg~è paeaengAenvokag ò}cdeap zn `nzcnp aàecavıgıg havnpcnvoydg~i~gà hnvènkcnŔnfoceoŔpov">/'

@apdg ^|caŔeayıgıg AgaKazvaecavı zn Èapıyı @apdg ~|caŔeayı# Ncóc 1??>(pn aga

}vngyo}cnvo ba|ıvcagag zn e~pafakapa zavı cagIngnzvn AgcaŔeayı ó|nvog`n ogŔaa nòceoŔpov'^|caŔeagıg óè aga fúcóeó enzi~pp~v' F~gcav# yoayoŔavpcav# pd}vak bakoeonpocn ochoco Ŕavpcav zn agcaŔeagıg

~h~cageayı

gı

`ó|ngcnng Ŕavpcav dcavakhv~}cag`ıgcafocov'Yoayo Ŕavpcav< F~ Ŕavpcav# Fdyga%Bnvynk(pn oko

jn`nvapoj fovoe avapeakpa`ıv' F~gcavàg fovogioyo Fdygapd}vakcavıgıg .>1(ogo kdgpvdccnvog`n f~c~g`~vagEóycóeag%Bıvzap jn`nvaydg~# òĔnvo oyn pd}vakcavıg.0?(~ ocn Ynvfyia a`ıgàko Yıv} i~eb~vonpodceakpa`ıv

Bnv oko jn`nvaydg à kngò kócpóv zna}ıcavıga ~h~g hncng kdeŔ~cavı ocn kócpóvnc znnkdgdeok ocoŔkocnv k~veak bakkıga yabo}f~c~geakpa ıvcav' K~v~caiak f~ faĔcav zn ocoŔkocnv boè fovŔavp acpıgà Fdyga `nzcnpogog pd}vak fópógcóĔógó zn

faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı pnbòp n`nink zna `nĔoŔokcoĔn ~ĔvapaiakŔnkoc`n hncoŔenyogn o|og znvocenninkpov'

Fdyga `nzcnpo# `nedkvapok kdŔ~ccav acpıgàynèoceoŔ envkn|o fov bókóenpn yabo} dcaiakpıv'

Yavafdyga fúcógennink zn Fdyga%Bnvynk`nzcnpogog faŔŔnbvo dcavak kacaiakpıv'

Fdyga backı vabapèa óckn oèog`n`dcaŔafocnink zn kaèeıŔ dc`~kcavı pd}vakcava zn nzcnvn`úgnfocninkcnvòv' YazaŔ y~èc~cavı dcavak bókóehoeoŔ zna y~èc~c~Ĕ~ pny}op nòceoŔ dcag koeyncnvbnvbagho fov ayknvo zna ynèoecn hncognfocninkhúvnzcnvn hncnenninkcnvòv' Knyogcokcn ayknvo zn kae~bo|enpo húvnzcnvog`ng ayakcageıŔ dcaiakcav`ıv' F~

ea``n ú|nc fov úgne paŔıeakpa dc~}# ú|nccokcn FdygaYıv}cavıgıg co`nvo Kava`|oè zn Fdyga Yıv} dv`~cavıgıgk~eagàgı Ecaòè(og bnvbagho fov kae~ bo|enpog`nnv aceaeayıgı yaĔcaeak aeaiı ocn @apdg~|caŔeayıga ú|nc dcavak nvcnŔpovoceoŔpov' _~kavıà a`cavı hnèng bnv oko Ŕabıypa Cabn ^c~ycavavayı Aàcnp@ozagı‟gia yazaŔ y~èc~y~ ocag nòceoŔcnvòv'

Pd}vak Bakoeonpo ocn ochocoŗavpcav<F~ Ŕavpcav apnŔ%kny ocag nòcòĔo pavobpn

pavajcavıg ncog`n f~c~gag pd}vakcavàg fa|ıcavıgı @apdg ~|caŔeayı hnvnĔo nccnvog`ng èıkavpeayıgı znkavŔı pavaja fıvakeayıgı úg húvenkpnòv' F~ avaàFvnkd zn ]dyazoga kdvo`dvcavı# pavajcavıg kngòfúchncnvogn vabapèa hnènfocencnvogo yaĔcaeak aeaiı ocnobày nòceoŔpov' Hnvnk FdŔgak%Bıvzap zn hnvnkyn Yıv}pavaj ıgàko fúchncnv`n a|ıgcıkcavıg dc~Ŕp~v`~Ĕ~ nvcnŔoefovoecnvo f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~gcav a`npa `óŔeagpd}vakcavı ocn k~ŔapıceıŔ fúchncnv dcavak pa pavoj nòcnfocov' _ago# Yıv} fúchnyog`n FdŔgakcav zn FdŔgak%Bıvzap fúchnyog`n `n Yıv}cav f~c~geakpa`ıv'

@apdg eó|aknvncnvo yıvayıgà pd}vakbakoeonpo ocn ochoco kdg~cav zn ú|nccokcn bakoeonp

kdg~y~gàko pnjnvv~ap# óypóg`n ng èdk pavpıŔeagıga}ıc`ıĔı kdg~cav dce~Ŕp~v' Pd}cagpıgıg ydg~ga`dĔv~# kdg~Ŕeacavı a`npa kd}ea gdkpayıgayóvókcnng b~y~ycav à f~gcav dce~Ŕp~v' BneFdŔgakcav# bne `n Yıv}cav f~ ~|caŔea ydg~i~gàkngòcnvogog bak nppo Ĕ og`ng àba a| pd}vakcav ı kaf~cn

|dvcag` ıkcav ı kagıyı ocn bavnknp npeo Ŕcnvòv' Bıvzapcavahncogin# dgcav Yıv}cava kafnppokcnvo pd}vakcavıgpóeógó hnvo aceaı faŔav ıkcavıgàg# f~ agcaŔeayanyog`n `~v~ecavıgı }nkoŔpoveno kngò èıkavcavıgaèdk ~h~g f~ce~Ŕcav`ıv'

AgcaŔeagıg h~cageayıgı @ó|ngcnng ŗavpcavF~ Ŕavpcav ènvènznyog`n kavavcavı zn

}vngyo}cnvo ~h~caaiak fov ^c~ycavavayı ^h~caeaHóió obày nòceoŔpov' F~ ngo ayknvo k~zznpGAPD(g~g kde~payı acpıga nvcnŔpovoceoŔpov' 1??:‟gıg ockacavıgà f~ ngo hóè # d |aeaga kaàv Fdyga(à



161

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

húvnzco f~c~gag FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv FavıŔ Hóió"^G]VDJDV/(~g nvogo aceak ó|nvn Fdyga‟ahnceoŔ f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~ ngo hóin pagıgag npko zndpdvopn yabayı# ^G]VDJDV(àg àba hngoŔpov' F~hóin pagıgag npkocnv avayıgà eócpniocnvog ngo`ng

nvcnvogn nvcnŔpovocencnvo# ogyago av`ıe hnpovngk~v~c~Ŕcava `nypnk av`ıeıgà f~c~geak# ènŔopcohv~}cav avayıgà èıkag zn èıkaiak dcag b~`~pagcaŔea|cıkcavıga èú|óe hnpovenk# a}ıcaiak dcagynèoecnv oèog hózngco dvpaeı yaĔcaeak zn `nzaenppovenk# ynvfnyp ynèoecnvog a}ıceayıga dcagakavapeak zn yozoc backı pnbcokn zn Ŕo``nppng kdv~eak hofoèdk úgneco zn baapo npko zn húvnzcnv pagıgeıŔpıv' F~ngo hóè engy~}cavı# Fdyga(à bnv nvn hopenk zn bnvpóvcó fúchn`n f~c~geak bakkıga yabo}povcnv' Ya`ninkavaà `nĔoc# `ngo| zn baza acagcavıgà# ypvapnlokcoeagcavà zn hnèoŔ kdvo`dvcavı óypóg`n pae dpdvopn zn

yú| yabofoòvcnv":/'

@apdg |caŔeayıgıg FaŔavıcavı znNkyok Pavajcavı

FaŔavıcav<^|caŔeagıg Ŕ~ zna f~ kıyıecavıgàg |oa`n#

~|caŔea zn dg~ pako} n`ng agcaŔeagıg póeógn znhngnc ènvènznyogn fakıc`ıĔıgà Fdyga( a hncoŔenkpn dcagdcacavı agcaeak zn ènŔopco hncoŔoecnvo `nĔnvcngòvenkàba `dĔv~ fov ydg~è yaĔcaafocov' Acıgag ydg~ècav znnc`n nòcng faŔavıcav Ŕ~ hv~}caeacav oèog`n`nĔnvcngòvocnfocov<, Bnv Ŕn`ng úgin `úvp ıca akıg`ıv Fdyga(à`nzae npenkpn dcag kııe zn kagcı yazaŔ# gobanp`~v`~v~ce~Ŕp~v', Fdyga(a a}ıcag ogyago av`ıecav ock `nja dcavakknyogpon zn nghnccnenn ~Ĕvaeaàg hnvnkng nvcnvnzavafoceoŔpov', FdŔgakcav ocn Bıvzapcav avayıgà fov ~|caŔea znoŔfovcoĔo yaĔcaafoceoŔpov', Ľck `nja dcavak Aenvoka FovcnŔok @nzcnpcnvogoFdyga dcacavıga f~ kaàv akıgàg eóàbacnyogo zn`dcaıyıca Fdyga pd}vakcavıgıg hózngin acpıgaacıgeayıgà Aenvokagıg à fóók úcèó`n vdc

aceayıgı hnvènkcnŔpoveoŔpov', _ıccav`ıv fovfovcnvo ocn kıayıa fov eóia`ncn oèog`ndcag pavajcavıg ydg~gà ock `nja dcavak fovfovcnvognkavŔı fova| àba nygnk dceacavıgı yaĔcaeıŔpıv', Cabn _ókynk Aàcnp @ozagıgıg oŔcnvogo caıko ocna}afocenyo oèog hnvnkng `nypnĔo znveno úghúveóŔ znıccav`ıv a`npa &kag~gy~|cav òavı& hofo aŔaag f~fúchnn ngo`ng b~k~k~g óypógcó Ĕ ógóg zn aàcnpoghnpovocenyogo ya Ĕ caeı Ŕp ıv'

, Fdyga @nzcnpogog ayknvo hóiógógk~zznpcngòvocenyo zn fúchn`nko òĔnv ayknvo hóècnvcnkıaycagafocnink `~v~ea hnpovocenyo kdg~y~gàGAPD(g~g knyog kavavıgı zn paabbó`ógó yaĔcaeıŔpıv', Fdyga `nzcnpogn zn FdŔgakcava aop hóècnvn `nypnk

znvovkng Fdygacı Yıv}cava aop dcag ayknvo hóècnvo `nkdgpvdc acpıgà p~peak zn dgcavıg à òĔnvcnvogog|avavıga dcaiak Ŕnkoc`n k~zznpcngencnvogn eago dceakoèog hnvnkco pn`fovcnvog acıgeayıga `nzae nòcenyogoyaĔcaeıŔpıv'

Nkyok zn _npnvyo| Dcag Pavajcav, Bnv gn kaàv f~ ~|caŔea zn dg~ pako} n`ng

agcaŔea Fdyga%Bnvynk(og vnyeo b~`~pcavıgı ~c~ycavavayı `ó|n`n kdv~eaı yaĔcaeıŔya à# apnŔkny|aeagıgà pavajcavıg ncog`n kacag pd}vakcavı fóókúcèó`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo kaf~c zn pnyioc n`nvnk f~ `~v~e~g fov

ypapókd bacogn hncenyogn `n ynfn} dce~Ŕp~v', Fdyga%Bnvynk(og oèog`n oè }dcopoka zn ènkoŔencnvydg~gà ènŔopco npgok fógncnv avayıgà dc~Ŕag oèfúcógeno vnyeocnŔpoveoŔ zn yazaŔpag k~vpavıcagFdyga(gıg fovo Eóycóeag zn Bıvzapcavàg# òĔnvo `nFdyga(cı Y~}cavàg dc~Ŕag oko avı fúcóecn aŔaeıga`nzaeı vnyeocnŔeoŔpov', Fdyga `nzcnpo oèog`n fovfovog`ng avı oko dc~Ŕ~e~g

zavcıĔıgı kaf~c npenk y~vnpo ocn Eóycóeag FdŔgakcavabaap bakk ı zn fov pd}c~e dcavak fov `nzcnp oèog`n`nzae npenk oekagı ya Ĕ cageı Ŕp ıv' Dvpaa èıkag f~pd}c~e èdk àba bdedlng dceakca fnvafnv# yaıia zn

pd}vakèa èdk àba `óŔók fov fovoe dcavak zavcı

Ĕı

gı

yóv`óvenk `~v~e~gà fıvakıceıŔpıv' F~ `~v~e~g gnkaàv zaboe dc`~Ĕ~ ú|nccokcn 1??6(`n yazaŔıgfaŔca`ıĔı |aeagca e~kanyn nòcòĔog`n dvpaaèıkeakpa`ıv', FdŔgakcavıg Bıvzapcavca fov fovoe dc~Ŕp~veacavıgıg fov

òĔnv ydg~i~ à nyko _~hdycaza( a zn nyko Fdyga%Bnvynk pd}vakcavıgà paeaeng fa Ĕ ıeyı | fov Eóycóeag

Fd Ŕgak `nzcnpogog k~v~ceayı npkog fov Ŕnkoc`núgcngeoŔ zn FdŔgakcava aŔae bakkı zn hóznginyoagiak Bvoypoag Bıvzapcavca fov jn`nvaydg a}eacavı bacog`n pagıgeıŔpıv', Fdyga%Bnvynk(og dvologac a}ıyıgà bnv óè hv~}# agoFdŔgak# Bıvzap zn Yıv}cav fovcokpn aŔaeakpa`ıcav'Fdyga faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag nppoĔo ıccavà f~ a}ı znaŔaeı `nzae nppovenk oypnk zn a|eog`n oò' F~gavaĔeng# húypnvocng póe pdcnvagy zn nygnkcoĔn vaĔengyazaŔ zn pd}vak kazhacavı `~v`~v~caeaeıŔ# FdŔgakcavkngòcnvogn kavŔı hovoŔocng npgok zn ògo pneo|cok hofo èaĔ `ıŔı dcacavàg kngòcnvogo zn pd}vakcavıgı k~vpavaeaeıŔcav`ıv'



166

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ydg~èpa# hnvnk B ı vzapcav zn hnvnkyn Yı v}cav# FdŔ gakcav ag èdk àba ja|ca pd}va Ĕ a yabo} dce~Ŕcav` ı v' @~v~e aàcnpyo| `n dcya EóycóeagFdŔgakcav ydg~èpa bak nppokcnvog`ng èdk àba a|pd}vakcavca kojanp npenk `~v~e~gà kaceıŔcav`ıv' K ıyaiayı F dŔ gakcav baappa kacafocenk oèog èdk a Ĕ ı v

fov ònp ú`neoŔcnvòv' Gopnkoe# Fdyga i~eb~vfaŔkagı Acoa Ľ||npfnhdzoè#@apdg ~|caŔeayıgı oe|acaeaàgúgin FdŔgakcav dcavak ~caŔıcag `~v~e~ èdk npkog znú|có foèoe`n Ŕúcn pagıecaeıŔpıv< &F~ aòc fov favıŔ dceaafocov aea bnv gn dc~vya dcy~g f~ favıŔ # yazaŔı g `nzae npenyog`ng àba aòc fov `~v~e`~v' Ľ èog`n f~c~g~cag Ŕ avpcav ènvènznyog n `n f~gàg abaoo fov favıŔı g ya Ĕ cageayı eóekóg `n Ĕ ocòv&"8/'

Hngnc dcavak fakıc`ıĔıgà# Fdyga yazaŔıgàgngok zna eaĔ`~v dcavak èıkagcavıg yaıyıgıg boèpn a|dcea`ıĔı húvócóv' F~gcavı à fov kaè kapnhdvonaıveakpa avav zav`ıv<

, Jo|oko dcavak eaĔ`~v dcagcav< F~gcav úcngcnv#avacagagcav# eaĔc~c dcagcav# nzyo| %favkyı| kacagcavdcavak yıvacagafocov', V~bng zn akcng eaĔ`~v dcagcav< F~ hv~}pa ng èdkèdi~kcav f~c~geakpa`ıv' _aŔagıcag zabŔnp# fopenkfocenng kdvk~ zn úcóe f~ hngè òeaĔcavà fóókpabvofapcava dc aèeıŔpıv', Eagnzo `nĔnvcnvogo opovnvnk pd}c~ecavı eaĔ`~vn`ngcnv< F~vaà kayp nòcng jo|okync dcavak eaĔ`~vnòcngcnv`ng úpn# kngò bıvycav ı zn papeog dc~gea| yoayoaècıkcav ı ocn ó| fogcnvin bappa eocdgcavia koŔogog aiı ènkenyogn# úcenyogn zna bnv Ŕnogo opovenyogn ynfn}dcag }dcopokaiı co`nvcnvòv', ]vnypologo kafn`ng ^c~ycavavayı Dvhago|aydgcav< F~gcav oèog`n ú|nccokcn FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv bne }vnypologo# bne `n hózngocovcoĔogokafnpeoŔ f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~gà ng fóók npkng#pnŔkocapıg faŔıgà f~c~gag npkoyo| zn hnvnkpoĔo hofo`dĔv~ kavav znvnenng fov hngnc ynkvnpnvog# agoF~pvdy F~pvdy Hbaco(gog f~c~ge~Ŕ dceayı`ı' Gopnkoe@apdg ~|caŔeayıgà yaĔcagag ock Ŕncnv`ng fov pagnyo `nFdyga kdg~y~gà póe npkocnvog f~ hngnc ynkvnpnv`ngacıgeıŔ dceayı`ıv', Azv~}a @nzcnpcnvo< &kafn`ngcnv& avayıgà yaıcaiak

hv~}cavàg fovoyo `n `úvp ıca akıg`ıv# ènŔopco Ŕnkoccnv`nFdyga kvo|ogn eóàbacn n`ng# FavıŔ húvóŔen p~vcavı `ó|ngcnng# FavıŔ Kdv~ea hóiógn ayknv húg`nvng aeaydgva hnvnkpoĔo |aeag hnvnkng eóàbacno a}eaı faŔavaeaag Azv~}a `nzcnpcnvoòv' F~gcavàg }nk èdĔ~&avaf~c~i~c~k& jaaconpcnvo yıvayıgà Fdyga(àko hncoŔoecnvokngò yoayo èıkavcavı `dĔv~cp~y~gà úgcngòvenn

èacıŔeıŔcav`ıv' Ydg~gà# a}ıcagcav @óga kae~d~gia aèıkèa agcaŔıceıŔ f~c~geakpa`ıv'

@apdg ^|caŔeayı< BakokoÈú|óe eó# _dkya Fov Ynva} eı4

Fópóg f~ fabynòcng }vdfcnecnvog agı yıvadvpaà òĔnv fa|ı }vdfcne zn |aıj gdkpacav enzi~pp~v'Enynca# hnvnk Fdyga(à zn hnvnkyn Yıvfoypag(ànkdgdeok yıkıgpıcav ba` yajbacava ~caŔeıŔ `~v~eà`ıv' F~ nkdgdeok }vdfcnecnvog óypógn bı|canĔocogen| oyn f~gcav kıya fov hncninkpn ngo zn pnbcokncoagcaŔea|cıkcavıg zn b~|~vŔ~|c~kcavıg kagaĔı dcafocov'

Ng fóók yıkıgpı zn b~|~vy~|c~k kagaĔı oynhngnc dcavak fúchn ogyagcavıgıg èdĔ~ga bakoe dcag aàcnpog hnvènkcnŔ enò Ĕ o boyyo zn f~ `~v~ekavŔıyıgà boè fov Ŕn a}aeaea `~v~e~eàf~c~geak kıyaiayı ai| zn èavnyo|cok boyyoòv' Dcacavıg

hncoŔoeo f~gia jnàkavcı

kpag ydgva `dĔv~ zn bakcı

dcagı

g`nĔoc `n k~zznpco dcagıg ka|ag`ıĔıgı húypnveoŔ zn f~`~v~eà k~zznp# bakkı ngeoŔ pov' B~k~k zn aàcnp~e~pcavıg èdk hnvoyog`n kaceıŔpıv' ĽŔpn f~ `~v~e zn f~v~b%baco ocnvo`n èdk èaf~k acnzcngnink fov dvpaeı a`npakóc acpıga opeoŔ jakap oèog%oèog ageaa `nzae npenyogoúgcnneneoŔpov' Fóók fov obpoeaccn# ocnvko ıccavà f~agı hv~}cav avayıgà ko èapıŔeacav f~ kagakpag k~zznpacaiakpıv'

Fúcnyogn kavıŔık fov dvpaeà# favıŔ Ŕavpcavıgıg~h~capıceayı zn kavavcaŔpıvıcag |aeag pakzoeo oèog`nhnènkcnŔenyogo yaĔcaeak oèog húvnzcngòvocng GAPDhóècnvo kojanpyo|òv' F~ yaı# gn ~h~caeaa# gn `n`ngnpcnenn npenenkpnòv' Fdyga oèog`n ko ènŔopcoh~v~}cav kngò oècnvog`n yocabcı hózngcok hóècnvofavıg ıveaa zn k~ccageaa `nzae npenkpnòv' F~ po}hóècnvog `nzaeı hncninkpn fopeneoŔ fa|ı bnya}caŔeacavıgpaeaecageayı zna fopenòĔogn ogagıcag fa|ı oŔcnvog hnvènkcnŔpovocenyog`n k~ccagıcafocnink }dpagyonckagakcav`ıv'

Óypó ka}acı à dcya# Azv~}a `nzcnpcnvogogAenvoka FovcnŔok @nzcnpcnvogog Fdyga(àko faŔavıyıgakavŔı `~`~kcavı kıykagècık# úgóeó|`nko acavà gdveacbaapa `úgóŔ hnèoŔ `úgneog`n fnkcngenng }óvó|cnvavapafocnink }dpagyonc`nòv' Fdyga(gıg agı yıva òĔnv

fúchncnvn `n ènŔopco Ŕnkoccnv`n akyn`nfocnink `~v~eà`ıv'Fackagcav# ó|ıccav`ıv Azv~}a `nzcnpcnvogog kngò }dcopokhóècnvogo k~ccag`ıkcavı# kngò npkocnvogo boyynppovòkcnvo znf~vaà ko kóèók `nzcnpcnvo k~ccagavak àba ka}yaecı }dcopok d~gcava hovoŔpokcnvo fov fúchnòv' Fncko `n ock `njafúchn`ng zn bappa Azv~}a(àg



169

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

dceaag# kavavcı zn a}ıiı fov k~zznpog f~ fúchn`nfaŔavıcı dc~Ŕ~ nyko Azv~}a hóècnvo oèog }nk `n bdŔaho`ng fov `~v~e avapeaeakpa`ıv' A`npa kngò avkafabèncnvog`n# kngò hóècnvogog a`npa ènkoco}#k~v~eaa ó| p~p~ Ĕ ~g~g fov húypnvhnyo bacog`n

oja`nyogo f~ceakpa` ıv' @okkapcn óypóg`n `~v~ceayı hnvnkng òĔnv fov

b~y~ypa# Fdyga kvo|o `dcaıyıca V~ya Jn`nvaydg~gFackagcavà ngo`ng zn dc`~kèa úgneco fov Ŕnkoc`nochocngenyo zn dvaàko dcacavıg oèogn àba npkng fovfoèoe`n àboc dceayı`ıv' Pavob fd~gia V~ycavıghógn`nko Ycaz ydàŔcavı ocn akıg ocoŔko znàagıŔea k~vea èafacavı bapıvcagaiak dc~vya# f~ nehncoŔencnvog V~ycav aèıyıgàg gn kaàv azagpalcı dc`~Ĕ~ à dvpaa èıkeakpa`ıv' Fackagcav à bacoba|ıvàenzi~p ng k~zznpco ayknvo hóèpn Yıvfoypag znKavaàĔ‟àg enàga hncng _~hdycaz Jn`nvaydg~g~g

ncog`n f~c~geakpa`ıv' Ycazcıkcavıgı ng èdk z~vh~caag znkngòcnvogo ng yaj hógn Ycaz(ı kaf~c n`ng f~ hv~}#hnvnk FE Hózngcok Kdgynog`n zn hnvnkyn P~gagnbvo ó|nvog`ng ayakcava zn ~c~ycavavayı aefavhdavaĔeng àoea V~ya(gıg zn V~ycavıg av`ıeıgı zn`nypnĔogo aceıŔ f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~ ynfn}cnvcnòv kohncoŔoecnv ogincngovkng oŔog f~ fd~pcavıga à òkkapcnfakeak oia} npenkpnòv' Fov pavajpag V~y# òĔnvpavajpag _~gag `nypnĔogo acavak póe ~c~ycavavayı faykıcava zn FE favıŔ hóió kavavcavıga kavŔı enàgdk~ag Yıv}cavıg bagho Ŕavpcav acpıgà zn gn kaàv yóvnàba agcaŔeacavıga ya`ık kacaiakcavı òkkapcn

ogincngenyo hnvnkng fov kdg~`~v' Fackagcav à koyoayo `nghncnvog gayıc k~v~caiaĔı# gayıc hncoŔninĔo znbagho }dpagyonc pnbcokncnvcn kavŔı kavŔıa dc`~Ĕ~#bneng f~ `úgne oèog`n èdk òkkapcn hú|cngenyo znkdgpvdc acpıga kdg~ceayı hnvnkng fov b~y~yp~v'

@apdg ~|caŔeayı zn dg~ pakofng ]avoy(pnoe|acagag favıŔ agcaŔeayı e~bakkakko fúchn`n ~|~gyóvnòv fnkcngng favıŔ zn yókûgnpo hnpoveno faŔaveıŔpıv'Fackagcavıg obpoaiı dcag b~|~v zn favıŔpa agiak f~Ŕnkoc`n yaĔcagafocninkpov' YaĔcagag f~ yókûgnpnvaĔeng# àba Ŕoeò`ng }nk èdk b~|~vy~|c~Ĕ~gpdb~ecavı zn ocnvo`n èıkaiak èapıŔeacavıg acp ynfn}cnvoŔnkoccngenn faŔcaeıŔpıv' Fackag pd}c~ecavıgıgpd}c~eyac Ŕ~~vcavıgà a}ıcag bakyı|cıkcavıg zna aòcfoèoe`n èú|ócnenng eóia`ncncnvog bapıvacavı znfıvakpıĔı o|cnv# hncnink ıccavà eóboe ydv~gcav dceakó|nvn kúk yacı}# joco|cngenn faŔcaeıŔcav`ıv focn' F~gcavoèog`n ng úgnecoyo `n Fd Ŕgakcav ıg Ŕ~~vacp ıgà znzoiàgcav ıgıg `nvogcokcnvog`n baca papeogkav dcavak inza}cag` ıvaea` ıkcav ı fóók aàcnpyo|cok znea Ĕ ~vonp `~v~e~`~v' Kúkó èdk `nvogcnv`n dcag f~

boyyo `~v~e~g `ó|ncenyo zn znvòĔo aiıgıg oocnŔenyodc`~kèa ~|~g fov yóvn hnvnkpovninkpov' Èógkó ıypıva} znavagıg kagaĔı `nvog# pnàzo enpd`~ oyn èdkoŔcnenenkpnòv'

^h~caeacava hncogin# ~h~caeacavı

hnvènkcnŔpovenkcn ókóecó dcag hóè# obpoaè`~~cagàg àba a| yaıà zn kıyıpcı fov kdg~eà`ıv'^h~caeacav a`npa dk~ Ŕ ~kav ı fov èafahnvnkpovenkpnòv' Fncovco húvnzco fov h~v~} agcaŔeaı oiafıga húvn ~h~caeaa èacıŔıvkng }nk èdk òĔnv kıŔı zndàkcav à f~g~g pae pnvyogo a}eak èafayı oèog`nòvcnv èógkó favıŔ f~ h~v~}cavıg èıkavcavıga pnvy`óŔenkpnòv' F~g~g agı yıva fovèdk koŔo oèog kazhanpenk# fovfovogo eabznpenk# kavŔıcıkcı dp~v~}agcaŔeakpag zn ~|caŔea a}eakpag àba |dvhncenkpnòv'

Fópóg f~gcava ocaznpng# `úvp ıca akıg

|aeag`ıv fovfovcnvo ocn yazaŔeakpa dcag pavajcavfovfovcnvogn ogagı}# hózngeno |dv f~ceakpa`ıvcav' F~yazaŔ ıccavıgà a}ıcag ogyag bakcavı obcaccnvo znydkıvıecavı pavajcavıg kdcaia ~g~pafocninĔodcacavàg nĔocòv'

HncoŔencnvog oo pavaj ıga fakıcaiak dc~g~vyafavıŔıg zn b~|~v~g hncenyo ocn f~ fúchnn hncennfaŔcaaiak dcag nkdgdeok av`ıe }aknpcnvo zn`nypnĔogog ba|ıv dceayı`ıv' Nkdgdeogog ngo`nga}ıcageaa faŔcaeayıca# Ŕabıycavıg zn h~v~}cavıg hncov`ó|nogog avpeayı ocn pd}c~eà b~|~v~g avpeayı av|~ znóeop nòcng ydg~ècav avayıgà`ıv' ê~cag# aŔae zn

b~|~v~g |aeagca o`ndcdlok zna ópd}ok ènkoŔencnvogóypógn èıkafocenyo zn |aeagca pd}c~e oèog`n àba npkngjakpúvcnv bacogn hnènfocenyoòv' F~ nkdgdeok hncoŔoejakpúvógóg `n pnbcoknco fov úgó enzi~pp~v' F~ ànkdgdeok a}ıcagea zn kackıgeaà oypngocng nŔopàĔıcıe zn h~v~}cav avayı oŔfovcoĔo yaĔcagaea|ya znh~v~}cav kngòcnvogn znvocng `nypnĔog aòc dc`~Ĕ~gaogagea|cavya# f~ ynjnv nkdgdeok ynfn}cnv h~v~}cavavayıgà fov ~è~v~e avapeaa ynfn} dcafocov'

_ngo hovocng f~ favıŔ yóvniogog fov `n koŔocnvonpkocnng úgó enzi~pp~v' YazaŔ yıvayıgà Ŕavpcavıgèdk ncznvoŔyo| zn faykıcavıg dĔ~g dceayı ynfnfo ocnfaypıvıcag zna d kaàv òkkap ènkenng koŔoyncènkoŔen zn avıŔeacav# f~ favıŔ `úgneo oèog`n y~ó|ógn èıkeaa zn co`nvcnv avayıgà koŔocokeóia`ncnyogo avppıveaa faŔcaeıŔpıv' F~ `~v~eBıvzapcavàg |oa`n FdŔgakcav zn Yıv}cav avayıgààba èdk húvócenkpnòv'

Fdyga(à fovcokpn aŔaag ènŔopco npgokhv~}cav avayıgàko npgok èapıŔeacav zn f~ga ynfn} dcagagcaŔaea|cıkcav boè fov Ŕnkoc`n èú|óceóŔ `nĔocòv'Pae akyogn npgok èapıŔeacav# f~ h~v~}cav



160

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

avayıgà |apng enzi~p f~c~gag ògo avıcıkcavca à}nkoŔpovoceoŔ zn fovcokpn k~zznpco fov acp akıe dcavakpd}c~ecava bakoe dceaa `nzae npenkpnòv'

^h~caeaà ock `nja dvpaa èıkag }óvó|cnv`ngfovoyo `n Edypav Ŕnbvogog `~v~e~`~v' Edypav Ŕnbvoóypóg`nko agcaŔea|cıkcav# Bıvzap%FdŔgak oŔfovcoĔo oèog

k~v~cag jn`nvaydg~ pnbcoknn `óŔóvnink bacn hnpoveoŔpov'FdŔgakcav f~ pavobo Ŕnbvo fov fópóg dcavak p~peak zn d pavoboDyeagcı kú}vóyógó ngo`ng a}pıvavak Ŕnbvo nyko koŔocoĔooèog`n aŔapeak oypnk zn a|eogo ynvhocnvkng# Bıvzaph~v~}cavı# Bıvzap fncnòn faŔkagıgıg à av`ıeıcaEdypav(ıg oko avı fúcóe`ng dc~Ŕeayıgı zn Bıvzap znEóycóeag FdŔgakcavıg avı avı nvcnŔoe fovoecnvo oèog`naŔaeacavıgı pnviob nppokcnvogo oja`n npenkpnòvcnv' Bacf~ko@apdg ~|caŔeayıga húvn Edypav Ŕnbvo fovcnŔpovocnink zn nykokoŔocoĔo oèog`n aŔapıcaiakpıv' ŗ~ hógcnv`n Edypav#Bıvzapcavca FdŔgakcav avayıgà ng fóók b~|~vy~|c~kkagakcavıgàg fovoyoòv'

Ava|ocnvog kdgpvdcó zn ngo fncovcngng oèb~`~pcavıg obcac nòcenenyo Fdyga ~h~caea hóiógógfaŔcıia }vdfcnecnvo avayıgà`ıv' Fov òĔnvo `n f~ acagcavàynvfnypèn `dcaŔafocng koŔocnv avayıgà yazaŔ y~èc~cavıgı pny}op npenk zn akacageacavıga av`ıeiı dceak kdg~y~`~v'YazaŔ y~èc~cavıgıg akacageayı zn Cabn Aàcnp @ozagıgaynzk nòcenyo kdg~y~ |apng favıŔ yóvniogo gnvn`n oyneabzdcea gdkpayıga kaàv yóvókcneoŔpov' F~ y~èc~cavàgynko|

pagnyogo pagıı} akacaag Fdyga Bókóenpo# dgcavı Cabnnhúg`nvnen`ng `ıŔpag hncng fóók faykıcav ydg~i~gà znfavıŔ yóvniogo k~vpaveak oèog fov kıyeıgı ynvfnyp fıvakeak`~v~e~gà kaceıŔpıv' F~ dca# ~kavıà o|ab nòcng pd}c~ezoiàgıgà `nvog o| fıvakag avacav zn oyagàg avapagjakpúvcnv avayıgà yaıcafocnink úvgnkcnv`ngòv' Pafoapocn#

f~ èdk pnbcoknco fov faŔcaghıè à yaıcafocov' @apdg ~|caŔeayıgıg zn ]avoy agcaŔeayıgıg póe

dc~ec~ zn a}ıiı pavajcavıga zn fúchnn hnpovòĔo favıŔ yóvniogn vaĔeng# dcacavıg póeó ogincngòĔog`n bakoko fovfavıŔıg bngó| ~|akpako fov ynva} hofo dc`~Ĕ~g~ kaf~cnpenk hnvnkov' Fúcnyogn ~|ak húvógenyogn vaĔeng dcaıgóeop znvoio fa|ı úgcnvogog `n dc`~Ĕ~ e~bakkakpıv' F~gcavà avpık fúchn`n favıŔ zn yók~gnpog yaĔcaaiaĔı }vapok znhnvènkèo èıkavcavı húvnfocnink zn f~gcava obpoaè`~afocnink hv~}cavıg póe hóècókcnvn vaĔeng favıŔı óvópen oypnk zn èafacavı`ıv'

FavıŔ yóvnio oèog`n favıŔ ~h~caeacavı à |aeaga zn

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16>

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Nyko`ng Ľ}nk zn Fabavap _dc~ ó|nvog`n f~c~gag

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kıpacavıgıg kazŔak gdkpayıgà f~c~geakpa`ıv'

Kócpóvnc aèıàg EaĔvo} óckncnvog`ng "Jay# P~g~y#

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@óga idĔvajayıgıg boèfov fúchnyog`n Dvpa`dĔ~( a

dc`~Ĕ~ kaàv hóè eóia`ncnyo dcaeaeıŔ# `nzcnpcnv#

oe}avapdvc~kcav zn en`ngonpcnv k~v~c~} ıkıceaeıŔpıv"c/'

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12==(cnv`ng opofavng ho`nvnk fov èapıŔea acagıga `úgóŔeóŔpóv'

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gdkpayıgı dc~Ŕp~veakca kaceaı}; yıvayıca E~ynzocok#

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ògcnvog `dĔ~e nvo dce~Ŕp~v' A`ı

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kdgpvdc acpıga aceak oèog fúchn`nko `nghncnvo kngò bakyı|

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àoea fd|eakpa`ıvcav'

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hóècnvn fóók azagpal zn nkdgdeok óypógcókcnv yaĔcaag# f~ga

kavŔıcıkpa ú|nccokcn fúchn óckncnvo oèog fov èdk ydv~g~ àfnvafnvog`n hnpovng fov èncoŔkocnv òavı`ıv'

6=' ó|ıcıg faŔıgàg fnvo zn ú|nccokcn Dyeagcı

oe}avapdvc~Ĕ~g~g |dvca }avèacageayıca dvpaa èıkag zn

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nhnengcok eóia`ncnyog`ng àba èdk# Dvpa`dĔ~( àko

kagakcavıg# focbayya }npvdc zn `dĔac ha| hofo ngnvlo

kagakcavıgıg }acaŔıcaeaeayıgàg kagakcageakpa`ıv "6/'



16:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Gopnkoe# AF@# lnd%ypvapnlok kdg~e~ zn yabo}dc`~Ĕ~ |nghog }npvdc zn `dĔac ha| apakcavı `dcaıyıca#Dvpa`dĔ~(~ ~c~yac hózngcoĔo ocn faĔcagpıcı bacn hnpoveoŔpov'

FaŔkag GĽRDG# &AF@(gog zn póe ú|hóv `ógagıgDvpa`dĔ~(àko èıkavcavı# f~ fúchn`nko favıŔıg bnvbagho fovóckn pavaj ıgàg obcac nòcenenyogn faĔcı`ıv' Bnvbagho fov

hóióg# Dvpa`dĔ~(à bækoe `~v~ea hncenk oypnenyo;fúchn`nko ~~Ŕea|cıkcavı zn yoayo hnvhogcokcnvoŔo``npcngòvninkpov' AF@ zn Fapı óckncnvogog hózngcokcnvof~gàg dc~ey~| úg`n npkocngninkpov' F~ gn`ngcn AF@# fovfaŔka hóióg Dvpa`dĔ~( a bækoe `~v~ea hncenyogn vı|ahúypnvenninkpov'& ònvnk# AF@(gog Dvpa`dĔ~(a ocoŔkog~c~yac bn`njcnvogo aèık fov Ŕnkoc`n dvpaa kde~Ŕp~v"9/'

AF@(gog f~ pnbòpzævo }dcopokacavı# f~ga ~h~g dco|cnenng fov èdk co`nv zn bókóenpog dc~g~ pıkaeıŔpıv'1??=(cavıg ydg fnŔ ıccık `úgneogn hovòĔoeo| f~ hógcnv`nDvpa`dĔ~(àko bækoe jakpúv# AF@ zn dg~g fncovcnòĔo}dcopokacav`ıv'

F~ bakoeonp póe Dvpa`dĔ~ óckncnvog`n dc`~Ĕ~hofo# Póvkon(gog `n fúchn`nko `~v~e~g~ akıgàgnpkocnenkpnòv' Èıkavcavıgı# acpnvgapoj zn dcagakcavıgı kıyıpcaeakpa zn bavnkap acagıgı yıgıvcaeakpa ıv' F~ gn`ngcn#gayıc ko Dyeagcı Ľe}avapdvc~Ĕ~ pd}vak fópógcóĔógó kdv~eakoèog `nghn }dcopokayı ~Ĕv~ga# fa|ng fapıcı hóècnvog fa|ng `nV~ya(gıg oypnkcnvogo òkkapn aceak |dv~gà kaceıŔya;Póvkon I~eb~vonpo `n ú|nccokcn ydĔ~k yazaŔ `úgneog`nYdznp yıgıvcavıgàg neog dceak zn hózngcok ngòŔnyogn`ngocn Fapıgıg zn focbayya AF@(gog }avacncog`n fov `ıŔ }dcopoka o|cnenk |dv~gà kaceıŔpıv"0/'

@ógaàko hngnc `~v~e zn kdgldgkpóv úcnhúypnvenkpnòv ko# hóè `nghncnvog`n fóók fov `nĔoŔen

dcea`ıkèa# f~gàg ydgva à Dvpa`dĔ~(àko bakoejakpúvfaŔap ~gy~v AF@ dcaiakpıv' AF@ dceaàgDvpa`dĔ~( ako }dcopokacavıg fncovcngenyo }nk `n kdcadceaaiakpıv'

FocogòĔo hofo yagaocnŔeoŔ zn hóècó `nzcnpcnvogypvapnlok èıkavcavı# ócknyog`ng ~|akpa à dcya nkdgdeokengjaapcnvogo ochocngòvng baeea``n kagakcavıgıg f~c~g`~Ĕ~fúchncnvo `ngnpcneno zn gój~| fúchnyog`n f~c~g`~veaı hnvnkpovov' F~hóg# Kajkaycav(à# Dvpa Aya(à# Fackagcav(àkıyaiayı póe Dvpa`dĔ~(à dgagag d~g~g pnencog`n f~}vngyo} apeakpa`ıv' F~# ne}nvaco|eog pavobync yóvnè oèog`nkohncoŔoeogn `n ~h~g`~v">/#

Hógóeó|`n Dvpa`dĔ~# lnd%ypvapnlok kdg~e~#}npvdc kagakcavı# `dĔacha| |nghogcoĔo# y~ kagakcavıgıgkıpcıĔı; ògo# npgok zn o`ndcdlok

~~Ŕea|cıkcavıg `dĔac ydg~i~ dcavak yóvnkco fúchnync yazaŔ znèapıŔeacavıg# aiıeayı| zn ogyajyı| pnvdvo|eog# yocab zn~~Ŕp~v~i~ kaèakèıcıĔıgıg vdc dga`ıĔı fov fúchn`~v~e~gà`ıv'

]npvdc hncovcnvocn `óga yocab acıe zn yapıeıgıg ngèdk a}ıc`ıĔı# f~ kdg~cavà `nzaya eokpavà }avacavıg`úg`óĔó znzna `úg`óvóc`óĔó fov fúchn dcavak# `ógagıg ngyıiak dàk gdkpacavıgıg faŔıgà hncenkpnòv'

Dvpa`dĔ~(~ bn`nj bacogn hnpovng ypvapnlok dch~cavıgfaŔıgà# fúchngog lnd}dcopok zn lnd%ypvapnlok ~v~e~ úgneco vdcdgaeakpa`ıv'

Aya# Azv~}a zn Ajvoka(ı fovcnŔpovng póekavadccavıgıg `óĔóe gdkpayı# f~ fúchn`n dc~}; óè kıpaa~|agag `neovdccavı fúchn`ng hnènv' Dvpa`dĔ~# óè kıpaı fovcnŔpovng bazadccavıgıg knyoŔoe gdkpayıgà f~c~g~v'

@ógaàko póe hóè envkn|cnvogo ochocngòvng y~dccavı zn hnèopcnvo# Dvpa`dĔ~( ag kdgpvdc nòcnfocov' Ba|av

@ngo|o# Kava`ngo|# Ak`ngo|# Kı

|ı

c @ngo|# Fayva Kúvjn|o(gofovfovogn faĔcaag y~ dccavı zn hnèopcnvo f~ fúchn`nòv'Apcagpok(og Bogp zn ]ayojok Dkag~ycavı(ga faĔcageayı#fúchn`nko f~ dccav zn kagaccav ó|nvog`ng dc~v' FnŔ `ngo|ènzvnyog`nko óckncnvog poiavnpo f~ dccav ó|nvog`ng a}ıcıv'

@ógagıg ng ypvapnlok ea``nyo dcag }npvdc zn `dĔacha|ıg èdĔ~g~g f~ fúchn`n dceayı agıgà# Fapı }a|avcavıga ngkıya dcàg akıŔı à fúchngog kngò ó|nvog`nko zn ocnvo`na}ıcaiak }o}n%cognfdv~ bapcavı ocn dceakpa`ıvdcaiakpıv'

FocogòĔo hofo# lnd%}dcopoĔog ng pnenc kazvaeı &enkag&`ıv' Dvpa`dĔ~ à# `óga `nòĔoeo| enkagıgenvkn|og`n fov engpnŔn hofoòv' Yabo} dc`~Ĕ~ ypvapnlok

ú|nccokcnvo gn`ngocn `n `ógaàko enzi~p hóè dàkcavıgıgengjaapú|nccokcn bakyı| fov èıkav acagı`ıv'

Dvpa`dĔ~# ya`nin idĔvajo kdg~e~ gn`ngocn `nĔoc#ú|nccokcn Ava} _avıeaàyı zn ènzvnyog`nko }npvdc zn`dĔacha| gn`ngocn ypvapnlok úgne ka|ageıŔpıv' Èógkó# }npvdckagakcavıgı ncog`n p~pag óckncnv# kngò `~v~ecavıgı hóècngòvovkng# vako}cnvogo n agı úcèó`n |aıjcaeıŔ dc~vcav'

F~ gn`ngcn pavobync yóvnè oèog`n Ľghocpnvn# Jvagya#YdznpcnvV~ya zn AF@# Dvpa`dĔ~(g~g }npvdc kagakcavıgı kngò kdgpvdccnvog`n f~c~g`~vaiak Ŕnkoc`n fúchno kngò gój~|yabacavı oèog`n p~peaa èacıŔeıŔcav`ıv' Fúchn`nko `dĔacha|kagakcavıgıg zavcıĔı fúchngog úgneogo fov kap àba avpıveıŔpıv'

Hógóeó|`n zn hncninkpn }npvdc zn `dĔacha|# `óga nkdgdeoyozn yagaoyo oèog za|hnèocen| `nvnin`n



168

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

úgne ka|ageıŔpıv' Fapıcı óckncnv# }npvdc hnvnkyogoecnvogog.:=(ıgı f~ fúchn`ng kavŔıcaeıŔpıv'

Fúchn`nko óckncnvog èdĔ~# ú|nccokcn }npvdcobvaiapèıyı óckncnv# ydyac# }dcopok# nkdgdeok# ayknvo znkócpóvnc aèıàg a| zna èdk aea ka`nen ka`nen fóókhóècnvog npkoyo acpıgà`ıvcav'

F~ npko zn fóók `nzcnpcnvog èıkav èapıŔeayıgàgkagakcagag pnbcoknco `~v~e# oèoŔcnvogn kavıŔea# fúcóiócókzn pnvúvo|e# y~ yazaŔcavı yngavdy~ hofo ngo ngo~~Ŕea|cıkcav óvnpocnvnk avpıvıcaiak zn ngo fd~pcavka|ageaa `nzae n`ninkpov' Fúcóió jaaconpcnv zn~~Ŕea|cıkcav pabvok nòcnvnk# fúchn`n npkog `~v~eahncenk oypnng `nzcnpcnv y~yp~v~caiak zn úgcnvo knyocninkpov'

Fovogio zn ú|nccokcn Ľkogio @óga YazaŔı(gàgydgva }npvdc# Dvpa`dĔ~ fúchnyog`n fúchn yıgıvcavıgı aŔag#fúchn`nko `nzcnpcnvog hnvnk kngò ocoŔkocnvogo zn hnvnkyn

~c~ycavavayı

ocoŔkocnvogo npkocnng zn ~c~ycavavayı

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YagaocnŔeoŔ óckncnvog zn ne}nvacoyp hóècnvogza|hnènenninĔo ynkpúvcnv`ng fovo `n yocab óvnpoeo zn yocabpoiavnpoòv' Hógóeó|`nko yocabcagea yóvniog`n `ógagıg ngznvoeco fúchnyo Dvpa`dĔ~(`~v"8/'

Yocabcag`ıveagıg fovo poiavo zn úpnko `n bakoeonpk~veak hofo oko úgó zav`ıv' Ľckog`n kav npenk aàka|ageak pnenc úĔn okng# okogioyog`n yocab acagcavıg

yapagcava faĔıecı kaceayıgıg |dv~gc~ fov ydg~i~ dcavak#fúchn`n hóècó óckncnvog a à ne}nvacoyp hóècnvogèıkavcavıgı kdv~aiak a}ıgıg dc~Ŕp~v~ceayı aeaècageakpa`ıv' F~g~g ydg~i~ dcavak# `ógaàko yocabynkpúvó# Dvpa`dĔ~ óckncnvogo yóvnkco dcavak yocab aceaoypneog`n f~c~gaiak Ŕnkoc`n ~aveakpa# óckncnvofovfovcnvocn# kdeŔ~cavıca èapıŔpıveakpa`ıv' Gopnkoe1?2=(cnv`ng ydgva dvpaa apıcag# yóvnkco a|ıcı} èo|ocng baaco&y~ yazaŔcavı& yngavdcavı óvnpocenkpnòv"2/'

F~g~g ydg~i~ dcavak 1?:=(cavàg ydgva Dvpa`dĔ~óckncnvogog ayknvo baviaeacavı yóvnkco avpeakpa`ıv' Fúchnoyocabcag`ıvea èafacavıgıg acpıgà# }a|avcık hóió dc~Ŕp~vea#

kngò o`ndcdloyogo ahıgcaŔpıvea# vako} pavajcavı yocabcageaavıŔıga open zn ydg~èpa à yazaŔı ka|agea hofo óypógcókhovoŔoecnvo ynvhocngenkpnòv' Úpn agàg à `ógane}nvacoyp yoypneogo dc~Ŕp~vag hóècnvog# fa|ı óckncnvoyocabcag`ıvı} hóècngòvnvnk# ne}nvacoyp }dcopokacavıgı ~h~caaiak fúchnync `dypcav a à kdgpvdc nòcnfocov $

dvpakcav}avpgnvcnv avapeaa èacıŔpıkcavı hú| av`ı nòcenencoòv"?/'

Yocabcagea# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko ~~Ŕea|cıkcavıg f~gn`ngo `nĔoc# fov ydg~i~`~v' Pnenc ydv~g# yocabıg znpoiavnpog fov nkdgdeok yúeóvó avaiı dcavak k~ccagıceayı`ıv'

Dvpa`dĔ~(àko yocabcageaı gn`ng dcavak húvenk# ka}opacoypyoypneog avappıĔı èncoŔkocnvo zn yúeóvó `ó|ngogo húvenenkdc~v' F~ gn`ngcn# póe Dvpa`dĔ~(g~g favıŔ zn hózngcoĔo#fúchn óckncnvogog oŔfovcoĔo oèog`n fovcnŔnvnk# &fúchn`nkone}nvacoyp yúeóvón ydg znvenkpng hnènv&' Agiak#Dvpa`dĔ~(à úcn fov a}ı zn `ó|ng dc~Ŕp~v~ce~Ŕp~v ko#f~g~g hnvènkcnŔenyo oekagyı| `nvnin`n |dv`~v'

Èógkó# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko yoayo fovoecnvo dc~Ŕp~vag`nzcnpcnvog ya`nin vnyoecnvo `nĔoc# pavobync hnèeoŔcnvo#o`naccnvo# fnkcngpocnvo `n èdk javkcı`ıv' E~pcakedgavŔocnv`ng# èaĔ`ıŔı Ŕnbcokcnvn# `nedkvapoki~eb~vonpcnvn kaàv kaveaŔık úgnpoe foèoecnvo agıgà#

Eóycóeagcık# Bvoypoagcık# zn E~ynzocok hofo pnk pagvıcı ògcnvog fovfovocn eóia`ncnyo npen|eoŔ hofo# f~ ògcnvogkngò oèog`nko en|bn} èapıŔeacavı# Eóycóeagcık oèog`nkoen|bn} aıvıeı zn yóvpóŔencnvo ne}nvacoyp hóècnvpavaj ıgàg kngò èıkavcavı oèog fov èapıŔea zayıpayı dcavakk~ccagıceakpa`ıv" 1=/'

Dvpa`dĔ~ fúchnyog`n# y~ kıp zn kagakcav npnvyo|'F~ gn`ngcn Póvkon%Y~von%Ovak# Y~von%Oyvaoc%Óv`óg%Jocoypog# Eıyıv%Y~àg hofo óckncnv avayıgà hoppokèn úgneogoavppıvag fov y~ ydv~g~# akıg hncninkpn Dvpa`dĔ~ fúchnyogoghóg`ne kdg~cavıgàg ng úgnecoyogo pnŔkoc n`ninĔo ó|nvog`nfovcnŔocenkpnòv'

Èógkó Dvpa`dĔ~# `ógagı

g y~ dky~c~fúchncnvogog faŔıgà hncenkpnòv' Enzi~p kagakcav# bı|caavpag gój~y zn kngpcnŔen# avpag gój~ya ngo oŔ zn aŔ dcagakcavı f~ceak oèog èúcóg zn èdvak ava|ocnvog ncznvoŔyo|dc`~Ĕ~ bac`n pavıea aèıceayı# focogèyı|in zn èaĔàŔ pnkgdcdlon akıvı fov foèoe`n y~caea pnkgokcnvogogk~ccagıceayı ó|óg`ng hoppokèn àvaceakpa`ıv' Focoeaàecavı zn pnkgdkvapcav# 6===(co ıccava hovocòĔog`nDvpa`dĔ~(àko }nk èdk óckngog 1?8=(co ıccavà yabo}dc`~kcavı y~cavıg agyıga yabo} dcaiakcavıgı# f~ga kavŔı y~obpoaiıgı oko eoyco avpafocninĔogo bnya}caeakpa`ıvcav'

1??=(à 96= eocdg iozavıgà dc`~Ĕ~ pabeognòcng Dvpa`dĔ~(àko fúchn gój~y~g~g 6'2(cok avpıŔ bı|ıca6===(cnvn hovocòĔog`n 06=%0>= eocdg iozavıgà dcaiaĔı pabeog nòcenkpnòv' Ya`nin f~ pabeogcnv focn#Dvpa`dĔ~(àko fov y~ kvo|ogogy~ ydv~g~g~g bafnvioyodc`~Ĕ~g~ húypnvenkpnòv'

ĽŔpn avaŔpıveaeı|ıg f~gàg ydgvako kıyeıgàDvpa`dĔ~(àko y~ ydv~g~g~g fa|ı fd~pcavıgı# fúchn`nko y~yıkıgpıyıgıg hnvènkpng zav



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dc~} dcea`ıĔıgı# Dvpa`dĔ~ y~ ydv~gcavıgıg jo|okync#b~k~kyac zn yoayac fd~pcavıgı# Jıvap zn @oicn(gogkdg~e~g~ zn ~c~ycavavayı b~k~k aèıyıgàg `~v~e~g~agyıpeaı aeaèca`ık'

OO' DVPA@Dė^ FÚCHNYĽG@N Y^KOP ZN KA_GAKCAV_NPNVYĽ\@ĽVDvpa`dĔ~(àko y~ ydv~g~g~ ncn acag èacıŔeacavıg

fóók èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~# kdg~g~g kaveaŔıkcıĔı zn pavajcavıg~|caŔea| húvógng engjaap zn p~p~ecavı kavŔıyıgàèú|óeyó|cók zn èapıŔea obpoeaco ènvènznyog`ndĔ~gcaŔeakpa`ıv'

Fúchn`nko y~ agcaŔea|cıkcavıgıg yazaŔ gn`ngodcafocninĔo dc~gàko dv~ecav# ú|nccokcn kopcn ocnpoŔoeavaècavıgà yık yık úg }caga èıkavıceakpa`ıv' Yú| kdg~y~ydv~g~g jo|oko# idĔvajo zn pnkgok%nkdgdeok fd~pcavıgıgagı yıva# yoayo fd~pcavıca à ydg `nvnin úgne paŔıag fovkdg~ gopncoĔog`n dc`~Ĕ~ hú| av`ı nòcnen|'

Fúchn`n y~ ydv~g~g~g dvpaa èıkeayıga dc aèagjakpúvcnvog faŔıgà# y~ kagakcavıgıg npnvyo|coĔohncenkpnòv' F~ npnvyo|coĔo# bı|cı gój~y avpıŔı zn kngpcnŔen#èdvak zn èúc ava|ocnvog`ng ngo ngo acagcavıg pavıeaaèıceayı# focogèyo| zn èaĔàŔ pnkgdcdlon ~h~g dceaagy~caea pnkgokcnvogog k~ccagıceayı# fúchn óckncnvo avayıgàko}dcopok obpocajcav gn`ngocn f~ kdg~à fov oŔfovcoĔoagcaıŔıgıg hncoŔpovocneneoŔ dceayı àba àavppıveakpa`ıv"11/'

Póvkon ocn Y~von zn Ovak avayıgà 1?2=‟cnv`ngydgva ho`nvnk Ŕo``npogo avpıvag fov ò}cdeapok yazaŔ

aŔageakpa`ıv' F~ yazaŔpa Ovak zn Y~von(gog k~ccag`ıĔı ngúgneco yocab# `óga zn ú|nccokcn Ava} kae~d~g~ agcıŔ fochocngòvenòyogjdveapodg( ıv'

Ovak zn Y~von &y~~e~|~ f~cag`ıveaıg― òny~àg fabagncnvcn fov pavajpag yazaŔ gavacavı apavkng# úpnagàg à y~ fakıeıgàg dc`~kèa |nghog fov óckn dcagPóvkon(gog kdg~a dc~ec~ akcaŔeaavak Ava}cavı y~y~|fıvakpıĔı pn|o bakyı| Ŕnkoc`n oŔcngenkpnòv'

Bacf~ko Póvkon# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko y~ ydv~g~g~fúchnn bay# kdeŔ~cav avayı húvóŔencnvcn èú|óecngnink fovenyncn dcavak `nĔnvcngòvenkpnòv' Kdg~g~g gn ~c~ycavavayı acagcava paŔıgeayıga# gn `n paeaeng kngò pd}vakcavıgàg

fnycngng Jıvap zn @oicn y~cavıgıg ~c~ycavavayı y~cavka}yaeıga acıgeayıgı oypodv'

F~g~g agıgà Póvkon# kavŔı pavaj ıg bakyı| znagcıŔ dcavak fncovppoĔo hofo fúchn`n y~ |nghogo fov óckndcea`ıĔıgı# ú|nccokcn a| acavıgà focbayya fapı

fúchncnvog`nko ng znvoeco pd}vakcavıg àbo y~cagaea`ıĔıgı z~vh~caeaa èacıŔeakpa`ıv"16/'

Hnvènkpng Póvkon# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko fovèdk ócknnhúvn nvacpı zn nvóypó kagakcag fakıeıgàg Ŕagycı fov ócknyaıcıvya à# fa|ı óckncnvog zn ènzvncnvog kayıpcı dcavak ocnvoyóv`ókcnvo hofo úcn y~ fakıeıgàg èdk |nghog fov óckn`nĔocòv' Bncn bncn 61' ó|ıcà Dvpa`dĔ~(g~g fov &y~oe}avapdv~& dcaiaĔıgı kaf~c npenk paeaeng enzi~phnvènkcnvn akıvı`ıv"19/'

Úgincokcn fov óckngog y~ |nghogcoĔo# koŔo faŔıgaıccık y~ póknpoeo ocn úcèócenkpnòv"10/# >==%6=== enpvnkó}póknpoe gdveac# f~g~g óypó |nghog# acpı oyn dky~c dcavakkaf~c nòcenkpnòv' F~ kaf~c# `ógaàko enzi~pkagakcavıg `~v~e~ òkkapn acıgavak a}ıceakpa`ıv'Aycıgà fov óckngog y~ |nghogo yaıcafocenyo oèog# koŔo faŔıga`óŔng k~ccagıcafocov y~ eokpavıgıg 1='=== enpvnkó}png ja|cadceayı hnvnkov'

Póvkon(gog ıccık dvpacaea y~ }dpagyonco 12:eocav enpvnkó} `ó|nog`nòv' F~ ka}ayopngog póknpoe oèogk~ccagıceaa ~h~g fúcóeó 11= eocav enpvnkó}póv'Póvkon(gog gój~y~ := eocdg dcavak kaf~c nòcòĔo agà#koŔo faŔıga `óŔng k~ccagıcafocov ıccık y~ eokpavıgıg 129=enpvnkó} iozavıgà dc`~Ĕ~ dvpaa èıkav" 1>/'

1??= ıcı opofavocn# Kagaà(à koŔo faŔıga `óŔngy~ }dpagyonco 16=== enpvnkó}# AF@(`n 1='=== enpvnkó}#Ovak(pa >>== enpvnkó}# Póvkon(gog Hógn`dĔ~y~(gà 0===enpvnkó}# Y~von(`n 12== enpvnkó}# Eıyıv(à 11==enpvnkó}# Ľyvaoc(`n 0:= enpvnkó}# Óv`óg(`n 6:= enpvnkó}#dc`~Ĕ~ fncovpoceoŔpov'

Yú| kdg~y~ vakaecav# e~pcak knyog vakaecavdceaeakca fovcokpn# f~hóg àbo Jocoypog# Óv`óg zn Ľyvaoc(`nio`ò fov y~ yıkıgpıyı dc`~Ĕ~# Y~von zn Eıyıv(ıg `~v~e~ Ŕ~agà k~vpavıc`ıĔı# Ovak zn Póvkon(gog ya`nin Hógn`dĔ~y~òkkapn acıgıvya obpoaèpag ja|ca y~~ dc`~Ĕ~ ogpofaı znvocenkpnòv'

Bacf~ko# Póvkon(`n koŔo faŔıga `óŔngk~ccagıcafocov y~ eokpavı òkkapn acıgıvya# AF@ zn Kagaàhofo |nghog óckncnvog fnŔpn fovo kaàv Ŕ~ ocn npogenk|dv~gà`ıv'

Póvkon(gog y~ |nghogo zn y~ ja|cayı dc`~Ĕ~ agcıŔ o|cngoeo# y~ kagakcavıgıg bngó| obpoaècav úcèóyóg`n

k~ccagıceaeayıgàg kagakcag`ıĔı aèıkpıv' Póknpoe oèogk~ccagıceaa ba|ıv 11= eocav enpvnkó}cók ka}ayopngoghógóeó|`n akcaŔık 6: eocav enpvnkó}cók kıyeıgıg joocngk~ccagıceayı# kacag 20 eocav enpvnkó}cók kıyeıgıg obpoaèja|cayı dceayıgàg `nĔoc# bngó| f~ eokpavıg obpoaècavıg



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kavŔıcageayıgà k~ccagaeaeayıgàgkagakcageakpa ıv "1:/'

@ógagıg fa|ı y~ |nghogo óckncnvo ocn Dvpa`dĔ~óckncnvogog fa|ıcavıgà 1??9 zn 6=6= ıccavıgà k~ccagıceaancznvoŔco y~ eokpavıgı ò}gdppa znvodv~e"18/' F~ pafcdg~g

kavŔıcaŔpıvıceayıgàg aèıkèa agcaŔıcaiaĔı hofo# y~ kdg~y~gà`~veaàg ynyogo ókyncpng zn Y~von ocn oŔfovcoĔo a}ag Ovak(pakoŔo faŔıga `óŔng y~ eokpavı Póvkon( n `óŔng`ng èdk ja|cadc`~Ĕ~ hofo# Y~von(gogko `n Póvkon(`ng dc`~kèa `óŔók fovynzon`n `nĔocòv' Kıyaiayı zn ú|npcn# Póvkon(gog úcn#Dvpa`dĔ~(àko òĔnv óckncnvog obpoaècavıgı oypn okcnvo foèoe`nkavŔıcaaiak kaàv fdc y~~ f~c~gea`ıĔı aèıkpıv'

Dvpa`dĔ~ óckncnvo npnvco y~a yabo} dceaeagıgagıgà enzi~p kagakcavàg ng vagpafc foèoe`n jaàcageakdg~y~gà à javkcı `óŔóg`ókcnvo oèog# }acaŔea a à pabyoykdg~y~gà à javkcı `óŔóg`ókcnvo oèog# }acaŔea kdg~y~gà~~Ŕea|cıĔa `óŔenkpnòvcnv'

Úvgnk dcavak# `dk~| óckngog pd}vakcavıgàg hnèngGó y~cavıgıg }acaŔıeı kdg~y~gà Eıyıv# Y~àg zn Npd}aavayıgà à io`ò agcaŔea|cıkcav enzi~pp~v' Óv`óg# Ľyvaoc#Jocoypog# Y~von zn Cófgag oèog úgneco fov y~ kagaĔı dcag&ŗnvoa Gnbvo& joocng Ľyvaoc(og kdgpvdcó acpıgà`ıv'

FaŔcaghıèpa gnbvog fov apaĔıga yabo} dcag Ľyvaoc#Hdcag Pn}ncnvo(go 1?:8 yazaŔıgà oŔhac n`nvnk zn àba ydgvaHógn Cófgag( a hózngcok fúchnyo dc~Ŕp~vavak ŗnvoa(gıg póeapakcavıgı ncn hnèovò' Ha||n zn Fapı ŗnvoa( ako y~cavı#ıccavàg fnvo kngò obpoaècavı oèog fúchn obpoaècavıgı òkkapnaceaàg k~ccag`ıĔıgàg `dcaı Jocoypogcocnvo y~y~|c~Ĕaeabk~e npenkpnòv"12/'

Fúchn`n úgneco fov y~ baz|ayı

dcag &Jı

vap zn @oicn&gnbovcnvog`ng jaàcagea kdg~y~gà Póvkon# Y~von zn Ovak(ıgènkoŔencnvo yóvenkpnòv' Fúchn`nko y~# hncninkpn f~hógdc`~Ĕ~gàg àba fóók fd~pcavà kavŔıeı|a ydv~g dcavakèıkaiakpıv' Èógkó Y~von zn Ovak# HA] `dcavak a`cag`ıvıcagHógn`dĔ~ Aga`dc~ ]vdlnyo oèog`nko faval zn y~caeapnyoycnvogog paeaecageayıca a`ı hnèng gnbov y~cavıgı Póvkon(gog kdgpvdc n`nfocen dcagaĔıga kaz~ŔaiaĔı oèog#kngòcnvogn npnvco y~ znvenninĔog`ng kdvkeakpa`ıvcav'Avıia# Póvkon(gog y~~ kngòcnvogn kavŔı fov }dcopok znnkdgdeok faykı avaiı dcavak k~ccagaiaĔıgı |aggnpenkpnòvcnv'F~gàg à dc`~kèa pnòvhog dceakpacav'

F~ pnòvhogcok nyayng fovèdk oypokvavyı|cıkcavı fógnyog`n pd}caeıŔ dcag Dvpa`dĔ~(àko }dcopok `~v~e~àba io`ò bacn hnpovenkpn zn àba èdk hnvhogcnŔpovenkpnòv'@dcaıyıca Póvkon# Jıvap zn

@oicn gnbovcnvogog y~cavı gn`ngocn `n Dvpa`dĔ~( a zn `ógaàúgneco fov ocho dàĔı bacogn hncenkpnòv'

OOO% DVPA@Dė^(@A

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àba èdk óckngog yıgıvcavıgı aŔavak faŔka ócknpd}vakcavıgàg `ngo| zna húccnvn ~caŔag gnbovcnvo oja`n n`nv'Jıvap zn @oicn gnbovcnvo e~pcak eagaà yıgıvaŔag y~cav dc~}#yıgıv dc~Ŕp~vag gnbovcnv`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# ~c~ycavavayı y~kazvaeıga hoven|' Hnvèo# Jıvap zn @oicn gnbovcnvogo~c~ycavavayı y~ ka}yaeıga ydkeak oypnng b~k~kè~cav zavya ày~cavıg k~ccagea bakkı gn`ngocn `nzcnpcnvog nhnengcoĔo úg

}caga èıkav'YıgıvaŔag y~cavà ú|nccok Ŕ~`~v< Úgin y~cav fov

`nzcnpog ócknyog`n zn óckngog pd}vakcavıgà dc~Ŕ~dv' F~y~cav d óckn`n fncovco fov enyajn kapn`nvnk zn kapnppoĔobaz|agıg à y~cavıgı pd}caavak òĔnv óckngog yıgıvcavıgàg oènvohovodv' D óckn`n n agı oŔcnecnv nzae n`nvnk zavya fov faŔkaóckngog yıgıvcavıgàg oènvo hovodv zn f~ oŔcne fúcn `nzaenòdv' Jıvap Gnbvo(g`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo' Jıvap úgin Póvkon(`ng`dĔ~dv' @dĔ~ zn Hógn`dĔ~ Aga`dc~(g~g y~cavıgı àkngògn kapavak úgin Y~von zn àba ydgva à Ovak pd}vakcavıgı kapn`nvnk Fayva Kúvjn|o(gn `úkócóv'

F~ po} yıgıvaŔag y~cavà k~ccagea zn avavcagea

bakkı

yú| kdg~y~ dc~gia# ~c~ycavavayı

b~k~k# &bnv `nzcnpnkngò ócknyog`n f~c~gag y~cav ó|nvog`n e~pcak nhnengcokbakkı& pagıeakpa`ıv' _ago oo gonp zn bakkagonp úcèócnvogohú|av`ı npen`ng yıgıvaŔag y~cavà úgincokco k~ccagea bakkı#y~~g f~c~g`~Ĕ~ ócknn aoppov"1?/' Jooco `~v~e à fúcndceakpa`ıv'

Agiak# yıgıvaŔag y~cavà k~ccagıeı fncovcnngka}yaecı zn faĔcaıiı ~c~ycavavayı b~k~kyac k~vaccav bngó|dc~ŔeaeıŔpıv# ^h~caea zn copnvapóv`n dvpaa apıceıŔ fa|ı }vngyo}cnv hncninkpnko dc~Ŕ~ecava ıŔık p~pafocov' F~gcav<E~pcak bókóevagcıkAfydc~pn Ydznvnohgp# e~pcak fópógcók Afydc~pn Ogpnhvop# kavŔıcıkcı bakcav Idvvncapozn Vohbpy zn ~c~ycavavayı y~cavıg dvpak oàvnyoockncnvoòv"6=/'

E~pcak bókóevagcık ocknyo< Èdk kapı fov k~vacdc~}# ócknyog`nko y~cav fakıeıgàg bnv óckn# òĔnv óckncnvnznvninĔo y~a fakıceakyı|ıg bnv póvcó



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k~ccagıe bakkıga yabo}pov' ^c~ycavavayı ocoŔkocnv`n `n èdk ja|cavaĔfnp húveneoŔpov'

E~pcak fópógcók ocknyo< Gnbov y~cavıgıg `dĔaceokpav zn kacopnyogo `nĔoŔpovnink bnv póvcó jaaconpayakcageakpa`ıv' Dvpa`dĔ~(àko aŔaĔı fúchncnv`n f~c~gagóckncnv# Eıyıv# Y~von# Ovak# Faghac`nŔ hofo óckncnvog p~p~e~

f~ga akıg`ıv'Yıgıvcı Fúchnync BókóevagcıkVnypvonpn` Pnvopdvoac

Ydznvnıhbp ocknyo oyn# yıgıvaŔag y~cav k~ccagıcıvkng# `nzcnpcnvogòĔnv `nzcnpcnvn |avav znvenenyogo yaz~geakpa`ıv'

KavŔıcıkcı bakcav ocknyogn húvn< Y~ kagaĔıgàgavavcagafocnink eokpav# kagaĔıg znvoeco fov Ŕnkoc`nk~ccagıceayı zn òĔnv obpoaè yabo}cnvogog avavcageayı ocnyıgıvcı`ıv' Kıyaiayı# znvoeco dvpak k~ccagıe nyay acıgeakpa`ıv'

Y~cavıg dvpak oàvnyo ocknyo oyn; yıgıvaŔag y~cavıgóckncnv avayıgà bakkagonp àbocog`n k~ccagıceayıgı úghúvenkpnòv' YıgıvaŔag gnbov zn kdccavıgıg baz|acavı oèog`nf~c~gag óckncnvog# gnbov ó|nvog`n dvpak fov úgnpoe k~veacavıgı

`nypnkcnng }vdlncnv zn f~ }vdlncnvn pabyoy nòcenk ó|nvn ea`òkapkıcavà f~c~geacavı dc~ ocn óckncnvavayı oŔfovcoĔo pnŔzoknòcenkpnòv'

YıgıvaŔag y~cavca ochoco `ó|ngcnen èacıŔeacavı 1?>=(cnv`ng ydgva faŔcaeıŔ zn hógóeó|`n `nyóv`óvócenkpnòv' F~ avaà ^c~ycavavayı B~k~kNgypopóyó(góg# ^c~ycavavayı B~k~k @nvgnĔoOgpneapodgac CaxAyydioapodg(gog# ^c~ycavavayı B~k~k Kdeoydg~(g~gèacıŔeacavıgı |okvnpenk eóekóg`óv"61/'

^c~ycavavayı B~k~k @nenĔo 1?::(à yıgıvaŔagy~cav kdg~y~gà baz|a y~cavıgıg bakèaNq~opafcn zneak~cVnaydgafcn fov Ŕnkoc`n k~ccagıceayı hnvnkpoĔogofncovpeoŔpov'

FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv ^c~ycavavayı B~k~k Kdeoydg~1?>? ıcıgàg fnvo f~ kdg~ ó|nvog`n èacıŔeakpa`ıv' 1??1(`nba|ıvca`ıĔı fov va}dvà yıgıvaŔag y~cav kdg~y~gà fa|ı hngnc}vngyo}cnv hnpoveoŔpov' ># : zn 8 ea``nyog`n hnpoveoŔ dc`~Ĕ~óckncnv# Póvkon(gog Jıvap zn @oicn baz|acavı ocn ochoco óèaŔaeacı }cagıga à ıŔık p~pe~Ŕp~v'

Úgincokcn Kdeoydg# yıgıvaŔag y~cavıg úcnhncoŔohó|nc }acaŔıcaiak fov enpa dcea`ıĔıgı# &bakèa# eak~c#akıccı zn d}poe~e& avav yaĔcaaiak foèoe`n k~ccagıceayı hnvnkpoĔogo z~vh~caeıŔpıv' Y~~g vaydgnc zn oyvaja dcaèeaaiak Ŕnkoc`n k~ccagıceayı nyayı kaf~c nòceoŔpov'

Bakèa# akıccı zn d}poe~e foèoe`n k~ccagıcıvkng#

hú|úgógn acı

gafocnink úcèópcnvokvopnvcnvo `nhúypnveoŔpov' F~gcav< Fúchngog gój~y~# okcoeo# acpnvgapoj y~`~v~e~# hncoŔeoŔcok

`ó|no# pnkgdcdlok oekagcav# ydyd%nkdgdeok obpoaècavı kavŔıcaea `~v~ecavı# zy'

Avıia# kııàŔ óckncnvog fovfovcnvogn kaà àĔnv|avava}}vnioafcn bave znvnink |avavcavàg kaèıgeacavı#kavŔıcıkcı oŔfovcoĔo ènvènznyog`n focho acıŔznvoŔog`n f~c~geacavı úgnvoceoŔpov' F~ úgnvocnv# engfa pavaj ı `nòĔoeo| ~kavıàkoóckncnvin fngoeyngovkng# eagyaf pavaj dcag aŔaĔıàkoóckncnvin fngoeyngenenkpnòv'

FE ^c~ycavavayı B~k~k Kdeoydg~# aŔaĔı kııàŔ `nzcnpog ka|agıceıŔ bakcav# a à y~cavca ochoco paycak enpog#`nzcnpcnvog húvóŔógn y~g~ceak ó|nvn 1??: Pnee~|~gàHngnc K~v~c(a y~g~caiakpıv' _akıg hncninkpn# f~ kdg~à fovagcaŔea dceayı obpoeaco kdca hú|ókenenkcn fovcokpn# èdk|dv à `nĔocòv' Èógkó# paycak enpgog fov èdk bókeó# fov èdk`nzcnp pavaj ıgàg kaf~c húveóŔpóv'

@dcaıyıca# yıgıvaŔag y~cav kdg~y~gà ookdeŔ~c~k# úgneco |avav znvenen# nhnengcok bakkıgıg

k~ccagıeı hofo pnenc bókóecnv ó|nvog`nko @nzcnpcnvog hngnckaf~cócn agcaŔea baapa hnèovocnfocov'

6' Dvpa`dĔ~(g~g FaŔcıia Y~Kagakcavı zn Baz|acavı

a'Goc Gnbvo Baz|ayı F~ baz|a Póvkon ocn acagàg ochoco dceaeakca

fovcokpn# Eıyıv(ıg p~p~e~g~ fncovcnen fakıeıgàg úgnecoòv'Èógkó Eıyıv Eagyaf ago aŔaĔı kıı ócknyoòv' F~ fakıeàgY~von zn Ovak(ıg húvóŔcnvocn agı }avacnc`n `óŔógenkpnòv'Jıvap zn @oicn y~cavı kdg~y~gà à bakcı zn bakyı| dc`~Ĕ~gafakıceakyı|ıg# yóvnkco dcavak Y~von zn Ovak(ıg agıgà nvaceakpa`ıv'

Goc Gnbvo baz|ayıgà Eıyıv# Y~àg# Npod}a zn^hagà kıyeng `n Knga hofo óckncnv nv aceakpa`ıv' Y~}dpagyonco zn póknpoeo úgóg`ng Jıvap zn @oicn(`ng èdkfóókpóv' Goc y~cavıgàg ng èdk y~caea oŔcneogo Eıyıva}eakpa`ıv' Baz|a y~cavıgàg >>'> eocav enpvnkó}ıc# y~f~ ócknn pabyoy nòcenkpnòv'

Goc Gnbvo(gog vnhócaydg~g~ yaĔcaag Ay~agFavalı 1?81 ıcıgà Ydznpcnvog `nypnĔo ocn a}ıceıŔpıv' Eıyıv#y~caeaàg `úgng 16 eocav enpvnkó} y~~ Ak`ngo|(nakıpeakpa`ıv' @oĔnv pavajpag Nc Yacae Kagacı# YóznŔ Kagacı

acpı

gàg hnènvnk Yoga _avı

eaàyı

k~|nog`n akcaŔı

k 6=='===bnkpav ava|oo y~caaiakpıv"69/'f' Óv`óg$ ŗnvoa Gnbvo Baz|ayı



191

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Óv`óg Gnbvo zn dg~g fov kdc~ dcag _ave~k OveaĔı Cófgag# Y~von# Ľyvaoc# Jocoypog zn Óv`óg `nzcnpcnvo oèog èdkúgnecoòv' 90= ke' ~|~gc~Ĕ~gàko ŗnvoa# 11'>==kocdenpvnkavncok fov baz|aa yabo}pov' _ıccık y~ ka}ayopnyo 1'>eocav enpvnkó} iozavıgà ıv' ŗnvoa(ı Y~von zn Cófgag(àg

`dĔag Bayfago# Fagayo ocn Ľyvaoc(`n f~c~gag @ag kdccagfnycnv' ŗnvoa(gıg yóvnkco akag pnk kdc~ oyn# Y~von(`ng èıkagzn Óv`óg%Ľyvaoc b~`~`~g~ dc~Ŕp~vag _ave~k(p~v' @abahógn`n agaapaĔa kaz~Ŕag \aga OveaĔı# paeaeng Óv`ógpd}vakcag oèog`n kacıv'

1?:8 Ava}%Ľyvaoc YazaŔıgàg haco} èıkag Ľyvaoc#ŗnvoa kagakcaggıg Ava}cav pavaj ıgàg `nĔoŔpovocenyogn o|ogznveneoŔpov' Hógóeó|`n Ľyvaoc Óv`óg( nko Ŕ~ kagakcavıgı fóók úcèó`n kdgpvdc n`nfocenkpnòv' Y~von oyn _AVE^KıveaĔıgıg engfa pavaj ıgàko y~cavıgı k~ccageakpa`ıv'

Agiak# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko ng kıp kagakcavıg f~c~g`~Ĕ~f~ fúchn n hncninkpn aba èdk y~ obpoaiı dvpaa èıkaiakpıv' F~

gn`ngcn acpnvgapoj kagakcav f~ceak hnvnkninkpov' GopnkoeĽyvaoc# Goc Gnbvo y~cavıgàg avavcagea hovoŔoeog`nf~c~ge~Ŕp~v' Agiak# d |aeag Eıyıv @nzcnp FaŔkagı IneacAf`óc Gayıv# Ľyvaoc hovoŔoecnvogog hnvènkcnŔenyogoúgcneoŔpov'

Dvpa`dĔ~(à y~cav yóvnkco fov ènkoŔen gn`ngoa}ıceaavak# ~|caŔea zn oŔfovcoĔo oèog`n k~ccagıcıvya bnefúchnn `n favıŔ zn bne `n oypokvav hncov' Gopnkoe# nc YacaeKagacı ocn YóznŔ Kagacı acpıgàg Goc Gnbvo(gog fov kıyıey~cavıgı Yoga avıeaàyıgıg k~|nogn hnèovnvnk f~vaàkopd}vakcavı y~caeak oypnng Eıyıv# f~ kdg~à pnkgok znnkdgdeok oŔfovcoĔo a}avak fúchn óckncnvogn zn f~ avaà

Ľyvaoc(n `n y~ znvnfocov zn yapafocov' F~ fov fakı

eaPóvkon(gog úgnvòĔo FavıŔ Y~~ ]vdlnyo‟gog aŔaĔı pavajpag~h~cageayı`ıv'

i' Póvkon(`n BoèBapıvcageaag Baz|a<Ayo Gnbvo Baz|ayı FocogòĔo hofo Ayo Gnbvo# Cófgag pd}vakcavıgàg

`dĔav# Y~von zn Póvkon pd}vakcavıgàg hnènvnk Ak`ngo|(n`úkócóv' 602 ke'cok gnbvog# 0= ke'yo Cófgag# 16= ke'yoY~von# 22 ke' yo Póvk pd}vakcavıgà ~|agıv' Gnbvog pd}caeıccık y~ ka}ayopnyo 1'6 eocav enpvnkó}póv'

Gnbov y~cavıgıg . ?6(yo Y~von# . :(yı Cófgag zn. 6(yo Póvk pd}vakcavıgà dc~Ŕ~v' Y~cavıg . ?2(ogo oko ócknk~ccagıvkng# Póvkon ya`nin kngò pd}vakcavıgàg kagakcagag eokpavàg avavcagafocenkpnòv'

_avavcagea úgóg`ng Y~von zn Cófgag agı dvagcavà k~ccagıe a}eakpa`ıvcav' F~ kdg~à bnvbagho fovagcaŔea à dkp~v' Póvkon kdg~~ hóg`nen hnpovòkènY~von# Ayo Gnbvogog pd}vakcavıgàg kagakcag`ıĔıgı zn f~g~k~ccagea bakkıgıg kngòyogn aop dc`~Ĕ~g~ ocnvo yóvenkpnòv'

Agı Y~von oyn# Póvkon pd}vakcavıgàgkagakcagag Jıvap Gnbvo(g`ng boè bakkı dcea`ıĔı bac`n .66 dvagıgà y~ aceak oèog `óga zn Ava} kae~dcavıgı aaĔakac ıveakca kaceıdv# fúcóió úvhóp ]KK(ı Póvkon(n kavŔı fov }dcopok faykı zayıpayı dcavak k~ccageakpa`ıv"60/'

Ayo Gnbvo ó|nvog`n Cófgag oko fngp a}eıŔpıv'Y~von(`n oyn f~ Gnbov ó|nvogn @nypag zn Eaknv`n favalcavı zav`ıv' Avıia fov `n &Iıyı Nc Y~gh~v& fngò f~c~g~v"6>/'

`'Jıvap zn @oicn Gnbovcnvo Baz|ayı @oaògAĔvı fúchnyog`ng `dĔag E^VAP OveaĔı#

Nca|ıĔ(ıg `dĔ~y~gàg hncng KAVAY^(~ à y~cavıga kapavak#

àba fapıàg hncng ]NVĽ y~~ ocn fovcnŔov' Nv|~v~e znNv|ogiag(àg akı} hncng KAVAIAY^ kdc~ ocn Knfag(àfovcnŔnvnk Jıvap Gnbvo(go dc~Ŕp~v~v'

Fovniok(png àba hógn`n pd}vakcavıeı|ı pnvkn`nvnkY~von pd}vakcavıgà dc~ga `nzae n`nv' Ovak pd}vakcavıgahovòkpng ydgva ŗAPPÓC%AVA] a`ıgı acavak FAYVAKúvjn|o‟g`n `ngo|n ~caŔıv'

Póvkon pd}vakcavıgà 118= ke' ~|~gc~kpa1'6=='=== kocdenpvnkavncok fov baz|a dc~Ŕp~vag Jıvap# Y~vonzn Ovak(pako 189> kocdenpvncok ~|~gc~kpa 91:'8==kocdenpvnkavncok fov baz|a dc~Ŕp~v~v'

Yıvayıca Póvkon pd}vakcavıgàg akcaŔık 96 eocav

enpvnkó} ". 2?/# Y~von(`ng 0 eocav enpvnkó} ". 11/ y~}dpagyonco kagakcageakpa`ıv' Ovak(ıg oyn Jıvap y~cavıga boèfov kapkıyı dkp~v'

F~ga kavŔıcık Póvkon pd}cae `nfogog . 9>(ogok~ccageaı úghúvóvkng# Y~von . 66(yogo# `nfon boè fovkapkıyı f~c~geaag Ovak oyn . 09(ógó pacn} npenkpnòv"6:/'

@oicn Gnbvo# Ba|av Húcóg`ng `dĔav' Io|vn úgóg`ngBaf~v y~~ kazŔaĔıga kaàv 0= e' fd~gia Póvkon ocn Y~vonavayıgà yıgıv dc~Ŕp~v~v' Ovak pd}vakcavıgà Jıvap ocn fovcnŔnvnkFayva Kúvjn|ogn `úkócóv' FaŔcıia kdccavı Fdpag Èaı#Fapeagy~# Kav}agp~ zn Fóók \a} y~~`~v'

@oicn(gog y~ }dpagyoncogog akcaŔık . >6(yo "6>'>eocav enpvnkó}/ Póvkon(`ng# .02(o Ovak(pag "69'> eocavenpvnkó}/ nc`n nòcov' @oicn(gog y~ }dpagyoncogn Y~von(gogkapkıyı dkp~v"68/'

_~kavıà Jıvap y~cavıgà dc`~Ĕ~ hofo ogn Y~von znOvak# @oicn(`n `n kngò pd}vakcavıgà



196

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avapıcag }dpagyoncog óypóg`n y~ k~ccageak oypnenkpnòvcnv"Póvkon . 19# Ovak . 29 zn Y~von . 0/' @okkap nòcovyn bnv okognbov oèog# bnv oko óckn kngò óckncnvog`n avapıcag }dpagyoncogèdk óypóg`n y~ k~ccageak oypnenkpnòvcnv' F~ gn`ngcn#yóvnkco dcavak Jıvap zn @oicn Gnbovcnvo ó|nvog`n a}ıcag zna}ıeıga faŔcagag favalcava kavŔı èıkeakpa`ıvcav"62/'

Y~von zn Ovak# Póvkon(gog Jıvap zn @oicn ó|nvog`na}eıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ zn a}aiaĔı favalcava# kngòcnvogn akaiaky~~g a|acaiaĔı hnvnkènyocn Ŕo``npcn kavŔı èıkeakpa`ıvcav'Avıia# Póvkon(o Jıvap zn @oicn Gnbovcnvo(g`n enefa ócknyodcavak y~~ a|acpeakca y~ècavkng; Y~von# Ayo Gnbvog`n bnengbneng y~~g paeaeıgı k~ccageakpa# Póvkon(gog Bapapd}vakcavı oèog hnvnkco y~~ fıvakeaeakpa`ıv#

ĽŔog havo} agı# Póvkon(gog Bapa pd}vakcavıgı kngò pd}vakcavı yaavak# a`ı hnèng Ayo Gnbvogo kngòpd}vakcavıgàg ngo|n úkócódve~Ŕ hofo kaf~c npenkpnòv'

F~g~g agıgà Ovak# Jıvap(pag nkyok kacag y~~g@oicn(`ng Jıvap(a gakcogo vn``n`nvnk# Jıvap(pag à àba ja|ca y~

oypneog`n f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~ `~v~e ~c~ycavavayı b~k~kpakaf~c nòcng bakkagonp k~vaccavıga paeaeng akıvı`ıv'

Avıia oko óckn# Jıvap gnbvog`ng y~cagaiakpd}vakcavıg zn ava|ogog hngoŔcoĔogo# ~c~ycavavayı ~|eagcıkk~v~c~Ŕcavıgàg èdk javkcı fnag npenkpnòv' ^c~ycavavayı pagıgeıŔ y~ ~|eagcavı Jıvap(pag oypngng y~ nkyokcoĔogog @oicny~~ ocn ka}apıceayıgı# @oicn(`ng Jıvap(a y~ pvagyjnvo dc~vyabnv óè óckngog `n Jıvap Gnbvo ó|nvog`nko y~ }vdlncnvogohnvènkcnŔpovnfocninĔogo eóekóg húvenkpnòvcnv"6?/'

Y~ yıkıgpıyıgıg dvpaa èıkpıĔı Jıvap baz|ayıgàhnvnk Y~von# hnvnkyn Ovak znvoeco fov Ŕnkoc`n y~cageayı e~bpnenc dceaag úgneco eokpavà acag oèog y~ pacnfog`n

f~c~geakpa`ı

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vap Gnbvogog ı

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kka}ayopnyogog èdk ó|nvog`n pacn} dvpaa èıkeakpa`ıv' Póvkonf~ y~ ja|cayı pacnfog gnvn`ng kavŔıcagaiaĔıgı ydv~gia#&kngòcnvogin fnag nòcng obpoaiıg# Póvkon pavaj ıgàg ydvh~cageaàg znvocenyogo& oypnenkpn ovcnv'

Póvkon(gog Jıvap zn @oicn ó|nvog`n f~hógn kaàvogŔa npeoŔ dc`~Ĕ~ zn ocnvo`n ogŔa n`ninĔo favalcav# ya`ninPóvkon(gog y~caea obpoaècavıgı kavŔıcaeaaiak# Y~von znOvak(a `ó|ngco zn oypokvavcı dcavak y~ yaĔcageayıga à bo|enpn`ninkpov' Èógkó# Jıvap Gnbvo(gog gdveac akıŔıgà# a| acavıgàakıe eogoe~e 1== enpvnkó}yagonn kaàv`óŔnfocenkpnòv' Fabav faŔcaghıiıgà paŔkıg bacog`n 8===enpvnkó}yagonn kaàv ókyncnvnk# paŔkıgcava# úcóe zn

|avavcava gn`ng dcafocenkpnòv'

Bacf~ko ogŔa nòcng favalcav yanyog`n Jıvap y~cavıgıg`ó|ngcnenyo hnvènkcnŔeoŔ zn f~ yan`n a|%kıŔ Y~von( nYagon`n >== enpvnkó} y~ znvocenyo eóekóg dce~Ŕp~v'

18 Pnee~| 1?28 pavobco Póvkon ocn Y~von avayıgàNkdgdeok ĽŔfovcoĔo ]vdpdkdcógóg Fúchnync Y~cavca ochoco :'Ea``nyo Ŕúcnòv< &Apapóvk Favalı vn|nvz~avıgıg `dc`~v~ceayı

yıvayıgà Jıvap y~cavıgıg óè óckn avayıgà gobao pabyoyogn kaàv#Póvk pavaj ı# Póvkon%Y~von yıgıvıgàg ıccık dvpacaea dcavak>== e9 y( ng ja|ca y~ fıvakeaı paabbóp n`nv' Acık akıŔ >==e9 y acpıga `óŔnvyn javkıg eópnako} a ka}apıceayıgı kaf~cn`nv&"9=/'

Póvkon# Apapóvk Favalıgıg `dc~e~ nygayıgà focnY~von zn Ovak(ıg |avav húvenenyo oèog hnvnkco póe úgcnecnvoaceıŔpıv"91/' Diak 1??=%Ncóc' 1??1 avayıgà ApapóvkFavalıgà pd}cagag y~ eokpavı 1> eocdg e9 `ó|nog`nkacıvkng# aŔaĔı kııàŔ Y~von zn Ovak(ıg agı `úgne`nfıvakıcag y~ eokpavı 68#9 eocdg enpvn kó}póv' F~ p~p~e àbocPóvkon(gog oo gonpogo zn kdeŔ~cavı ocn backcavıgı y~y~|

fı

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Apapóvk Favalcavıgàg fıvakıcag y~cavı `ngnpcnnink dcagFĽVNIĽK Favalı# Apapóvk zn Bo`vdncnkpvok yagpvaccnvog`ngfıvakıcag y~cavı `ó|ngcnnvnk eagyaf óckncnvo dcag Y~von znOvak fıvakaiakpıv' Ú|nccokcn `nfogog eakyoe~e |aeagcavà`ó|ngcngenyo zn gnbov enivagıg aŔaĔı knyoecnvog`nkonkdcdlogog kdv~geayıgı yaĔcaaiak dcag f~ favala à f~ okoóckn opova| npenkpnòvcnv' _a}ıeı pnkgok |dv~gc~c~k zn fov`ó|ngcnen favalı dcag Focniok Favalı fng|nvcnvo# Y~von znĽvak(pa à dceayıga vaĔeng# yıvj kavŔı dceak oèog opova|npenkpnòvcnv'

n'Y~von zn Ovak(ıg Jıvap zn @oicn ocn ĽchocoHúvóŔcnvoOvak# fogcnvin ıcàg fnvo En|d}dpaea(a baap

znvng Jıvap zn @oicn y~cavıgıg fúchn`n dc~Ŕag kngò backcavı oèog &Eókpnyn} Bak& dc~Ŕp~v`~Ĕ~g~ 1'? eocdg bnkpav pavagava|oyogog f~ gnbov y~cag ocn y~cageayı hnvnkpoĔogoyaz~geakpa`ıv'

&Póvkon favalcav zn pnyoycnv ogŔa n`nvnk Ovak backıgı eaĔ`~v `~v~ea `óŔóvenkpnòv& òng Ovak# Jıvap zn @oicngnbovcnvo y~cavıgıg eapneapokync jdveóccn fúcóŔócenyogooypnenkpnòv' Jıvap gnbvo y~cavıgıg óèpn fovogo Póvkon(n

fıvakeak oypnng Ovak# yagon`n 8== e9(png aŔaĔı dceaagy~~g Y~von zn kngòcnvogn fıvakıceayıgı oypnenkpnòv'



199

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F~g~g à aòc zn eak~c fov akcaŔıe dc`~Ĕ~g~ à o`òanpenkpnòv"96/'

Y~von oyn# Jıvap zn @oicn gnbovcnvogog y~cavıgı ~c~ycavavayı y~ yaavak# &Dvpak kagak& gopncoĔog`nhúvenkpnòv' F~ ynfn}cn a`ı hnèng gnbovcnvog y~cavı baz|a

óckncnvo avayıgà yacp eapneapokync jdveóccn }acaŔıceakpa`ıv'F~g~g oèog bnv óckn oko gnbov`ng obpoaè dcag y~ eokpavıgı avı avı focòvenco# gnbovcnvog ka}ayopncnvo avı avı fncovcngòkpng ydgva# óè kııàŔ óckngog f~ gnbovcnv`ngaceak oypnòĔo y~ eokpavı gnbvog `nfoyog`ng ja|ca oyn# dvagyacdcavak bnv fov óckngog pacnfog`ng `óŔócnvnk eapneapokync}acaŔıe yaĔcageacı`ıv# `nenkpnòv'

Y~von# Apapóvk Favalıgıg `dc~e~ nygayıgà Jıvap(pagac`ıĔı y~cavıg a|ac`ıĔıgı ocnvo yóvnvnk Póvkon(n faykı a}eakca kacea`ı# FavıŔ Y~~ ]vdlnyo(gn `n kavŔı èıkavak#Póvkon(gog hnèeoŔpng kagakcagag co`nvcok }nŔog`n kdŔp~Ĕ~g~zn fúchn óckncnvogo y~ fakıeıgàg kngògn faĔıecı bacn

hnpovnvnk nkdgdeok zn yoayo bókóevagcık acpıga aceakoypnòĔogo# Jıvap(pag oypngng y~~ znvenng Póvkon(gog FY]ocn Dvpa`dĔ~(a y~ yapeak oypnenyogo èncoŔkoco dcavakgopncngòvenkpnòv"99/'

Avıia Y~von# FE ^c~ycavavayı B~k~kKdeoydg~(g~g èacıŔeacavıgı fov ag úgin paeaecaavakfúchn`nko y~~g }acaŔıeıgà ^c~ycavavayı Aàcnp @ozagı hofo k~v~c~Ŕcavıg baknecoĔogog oŔcnenyogo# Jıvap%@oicn baz|ayı óckncnvo avayıgàko eó|aknvncnv`n ~c~ycavavayı hú|cneiocnvogf~c~geayıgı zn }acaŔıeı nghnccnng bavnknpcnv`n f~c~gagóckncnvn hú|cneiocnvog húvóŔcnvo ènvènznyog`n a}pıvıecav~h~cageayıgı# Jıvap(pag acaiaĔı y~~g fov agcaŔea ocn

fncovcngenyogo oypnenkpnòv"90/'

OZ' JOVAP%@ĽICN Y^CAVOGOGK^CCAGOEO KDG^Y^G@APÓVKĽ_N(GĽG HÚVÓŗCNVĽ ZNP^PÊ^&Pavobo bakcav& zn &Kaòe bakcav& kdg~y~gàko

Y~von zn ú|nccokcn Ovak @nzcnpo(gog o`òacavı# ~c~ycavavayı ocoŔkocnv`n ja|ca opofav húvenenkpnòv zn Póvkon `n f~g~kaf~c npenenkpnòv'

^c~ycavavayı B~k~k Kdeoydg~(ga ~c~ycavavayı y~dccag zn yıgıvaŔag y~cav kdg~y~gà 1?2> ıcıgàg opofavng

va}dvpúvcók a}eıŔ f~c~gag ]vdj' Ypn}bng I'EiIAJJVN_(og `n aèıkèa z~vh~caeıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# aŔaĔı kııàŔ fov `nzcnpog àba úgin fov gnbov ó|nvog`n }vdlncnvpaeaecaeıŔ dceayı zn pnyoycnv a}ea hovoŔoeog`nf~c~geayı#

~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpog àba ydgva gnbov ó|nvog`n agı oŔcnecnvnhovoŔenyogo úgcnen|"9>/' @dcaıyıca pavobync bakcav kdg~y~ dcyadcya bakkagonp úcèóyóg`n aŔaĔı kııàŔ `nzcnpn fov pabyoya}ıceayıgà hú| úgóg`n f~c~g`~v~cafocov'

YıgıvaŔag y~cav# fúcóŔócnfocov `dĔa kagak a à

dvpak kagak dcavak ~c~ycavavayı b~k~k èacıŔeacavıgà kaf~chúvenòĔo hofo# Póvkon pavaj ıgàg à kaf~cnòcenenkpnòv' Èógkó# fúcóŔócnfocov kagak zn f~g~g`dĔac ydg~i~ dcavak ocnvo yóvócng &eapneapokync fúcóŔóe&jokvo# bakèa k~ccagıenq~opafcn ~poco|apodg }vngyofocn paeaengèncoŔkoco fov `~v~e avapeakpa`ıv'"9:/

@dcaıyıca Y~von zn Ovak(ıg y~cagafocov ava|ocnvkdg~y~gà ~c~ycavavayı ~|eagcavia à hnvènk `ıŔı dc`~Ĕ~kdg~y~gà znvòĔo va}dvcavà dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# póe o`òacavı pnencyo|# èncoŔkocnvcn `dc~`~v' F~g~g gn`ngo# yıgıvaŔag y~cavkdg~y~ `ó|ngcngovkng Póvkon ó|nvog`n faykı a}avak#~c~ycavavayı b~k~k k~vaccavıgı kngò húvóŔcnvo `dĔv~cp~y~gà

dc~Ŕp~veakpıv'Póvkon úgincokcn Jıvap zn @oicn baz|ayıgàko

y~cavıg k~ccagıeı hnvènkcnŔpovocovkng bnv óè óckno `n papeogn`nink; ~c~yac# fúchnync zn ~c~ycavavayı }capjdvecavà à kaf~cnòcnfocov gopncokpn fov ~|caŔeaa àageayıgı av|~ npenkpnòv'

Póvkon# ~c~ycavavayı b~k~k èacıŔeacavıgà hngnckaf~c húveóŔ# &bakèa zn akıccıia& k~ccagıe ocknyogn faĔcı kaceakca fovcokpn# faŔka `dĔac kagak zn dcagakcav zavya#y~cavıg pakyoeog`n f~gcavıg à òkkapn acıgeayıgı oypnenkpnòv' ÚvgnĔog Jıvap(ıg nkyokcoĔogog @oicn y~cavıgàgkavŔıcageayı hofo'

Avıia# bnv ócknn gn kaàv y~ znvocninĔogo

fncovcnnvnk focoeync zn dflnkpoj k~vaccavı

g zn kvopnvcnvogdc~Ŕp~v~ceayıgı oypnenkpnòv' F~g~g oèog bnv óè óckngogpnkgok ncneagcavıgàg dc~Ŕag fov bnnpog ~h~caafocninĔo#Y~von zn Ovak(ıg ogincnenn àbo aceaàg vn``nppokcnvo &óèaŔaeacı }cag& úgnveoŔpov'

Y~von zn Ovak(a úgnvocng &Jıvap%@oicn Baz|ayı YıgıvaŔag Akavy~cavıgıg Bakèa# Akıciı zn D}poe~eNq~opafcn#Vapodgac ag` D}poe~e K~ccagıeı Ľèog Óè AŔaeacı ]cag&caóè óckno `n papeog n`nink fov èú|óen ~caŔıceayıgı aeaècaag Póvkon# f~ aŔaeaà y~ kagakcavıgıg# okogioaŔaeaà pd}vak kagakcavıgıg ngzagpnvogog èıkavıcavak#óèógió aŔaeaà f~ ngzagpnvcnvn húvn a}ıcaiak#`nĔnvcngòven ydg~i~ y~cavıg pabyoyogo úgnvenkpnòv"98/#

]cagıg pnkgok avıgpıcavıga f~vaà hovenninĔo|'Agiak }cag# ~|caŔeak oèog enzi~p `~v~e~g dflnkpoj znfocoeync enpdpcavca pny}opogo



190

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

úgincokcn |dv~gc~ húvenkpnòv' Bnv óè óckngog y~ obpoaècavıgıgfocoeync fov Ŕnkoc`n a}ıcaiak eóbngòycok èacıŔeacavı ydg~i~gà pny}op nòcenyo# y~ oyvaj ıgı úgcnninkpov' Jıvap zn@oicn# ya`nin ŗappócava}(pa fovcnŔenkcn kaceaı}# Ovak(pakoPbavpbav Kagacı pavaj ıgàg à y~go dcavak fovcnŔenkpnòv'Fúcnin# gnbovcnv avayı y~ pvagyjnvo dc~ ocn obpıaècavıg

`nghncngenyo `n }cagıg oèog`nko úgneco b~y~ycavàg fovoòv'Póvkon a}ıcaiak focoeync èacıŔeacav zn oŔfovcoĔo

ydg~i~gà hnvnk y~ obpoaècavıgıg fncovcngenyocn# bakèa#vaydgnc zn d}poe~e fov k~ccageagıg eóekóg dceayı agıgà#òĔnv `dĔac kagakcavàg à oŔfovcoĔo ydg~i~gà àba èdkavavcagıcafocninĔogo zn fúchn óckncnvo zn ogyagcavıgıg vnjabynzonyogog avpaiaĔıe z~vh~caeakpa`ıv' @dcaıyıca# f~ hofooŔfovcoĔo# Ava}cav pavaj ıgàg bakyı| dcavak yóv`óvócng zn yıvj Dyeagcı @nzcnpo(gog eovayèıyı dc`~Ĕ~ oèog yóv`óvenkpn `nkavavcı húvóg`ókcnvo hózngyo|cok dvpaeıgıg à dvpaàgkackeayıga av`ıeiı dcaiakpıv'

Z' YOGOVAŗAG Y^CAVKDG^Y^G@A ^C^YCAVAVAYOÈACOŗEACAVYıgıvaŔag y~cavàko ~caŔıe kdg~y~# ROR' ó|ıcà

~c~ycavavayı k~vaccava faĔcag`ıĔı bac`n# ~caŔıe `ıŔı k~ccagıeı àba |oa`n RR' ó|ıcıg faŔıgàg opofavng hóg`nenhnceoŔpov#

YıgıvaŔag y~cavıg ~caŔıe `ıŔı k~ccagıeı ocn ochocodcavak# ~c~ycavavayı b~k~k k~vaccavıgıg pnenc kagakcavı dcagagpcaŔeacav# pnaeóccnv# b~k~k~g hngnc ockncnvo# eabknen znfocoeync oèpobapcav à bak zn ókóecócókcnvogo fncovcnngka}yaecı zn `nĔoŔen| ockncnv bngó| dc~ŔeaeıŔpıv'

^c~ycavavayı B~k~k @nvgnĔo(gog faĔcaıiı ú|nccoĔodceaag Bncyogko K~vaccavı# pazyon gopncoĔog`n dceakcafovcokpn# yıgıv aŔag y~cav kdg~y~gà hovoŔocng èacıŔeacava ıŔıkp~pav eabonppnòv' Fov bókóenp `ıŔı k~v~c~Ŕ dcag `nvgnĔogèacıŔeacavıgà y~ dccavı# ~c~ycavavayı y~ pd}caeabaz|acavı Ogpneapodgac @vaogahn Fayogy dcavak ncn acıgeıŔ znyıgıv aŔag baz|a y~cavıgıg bakèa zn eak~c }acaŔıeı úghúvóceóŔpóv'

FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv ^c~ycavavayı B~k~kKdeoydg~(g~g ^BK# ~c~ycavavayı y~ dccavıgıg ~caŔıe `ıŔı aeaècavca k~ccagıceayıga ocoŔkog 1??0 pavobco va}dv~# f~kdg~à pako} nòcenyo hnvnkng zn @oicn%Jıvap y~cavıgı à

akı

gàg ochocngòvng fov èacı

Ŕea`ı

v'

^BK(gıg f~ èacıŔeacavı# Póvkon pavaj ıgàg Y~vonzn Ovak(a úgnvocng ~kavıà ú|npcn fabynòcng óè aŔaeacı }cagca à ~~e yaĔcav gopncokpnòv' Va}dvà y~cavıg bakèa#vaydgnc zn d}poe~e k~ccagıceayı úghúvócóvkng# ~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpog úgneco |avavyohgojoiagp bave znvenòkèny~cavıgı oypnòĔo hofo k~ccagafocninĔogo# agiak úgneco |avav

znvenyo `~v~e~gà focn ~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpog ydv~ec~p~p~cafocenyo oèog &hnvnkco obpoeaeı ú|ngo& húypnvenenyobacog`n aŔaĔı kııàŔ `nzcnp kavŔı ydv~ec~ p~p~cafocninĔopaycak bacogn hnpovoceoŔpov' F~ èacıŔeacav# aŔaĔı zn ~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpcnvog ydv~ec~c~kcavıgıg fncovcngenyo úgóg`núgneco hncoŔencnv dcavak kaf~c nòcenkpnòv'

^BK(gıg èacıŔeacavıca# yıgıvaŔag y~cava ocoŔkog fovènvènzn agpcaŔea dc~Ŕp~v~ceayı aeaècageakpa ıv' F~ ènvènznagcaŔea 1??: ıcıgà FE Hngnc K~v~c~(ga y~g~cavak kaf~c znoe|aa aèıceaa èacıŔıcaiakpıv' Ncóc aıgàko èacıŔeacavàgydgva f~ ènvènzn agcaŔeagıg kaf~c nòco} óvóvcóĔn hovenyofocn# ng oo pabeogcn 9%> ıcàg úgin hnvènkcnŔnen|' Paycak#

agpcaŔea bacogn `úgóŔpókpng ydgva àbo# yıgıvaŔag y~ dccavı ocn ochoco póe ~~Ŕea|cıkcavı èú|en`n `dĔv~àg k~ccageakpanpkoco dcaeaaiakpıv' Èógkó# yıgıvaŔag y~cavca ochocoydv~gcavàg boèfovoyo# òĔnvocn agı gopncok zn fd~ppa `nĔocòv'Bnv fovo `nĔoŔok kdŔ~c zn `~v~ecavı agyıpag ydv~gcavı oènvenkpn dc~}# fng|nv ydv~gcavà àbo javkcı èú|óecnvogoypngòĔo yıgıvaŔag y~cavà f~ ènvènzn agpcaŔea# okoco zn èdkc~agcaŔeacav a}ag pavajcava ıŔık p~p~} dc húypnvoio dcafocov'

^c~ycavavayı acagà yıgıvaŔag y~cav# `ógaà ènŔopcoóckncnvog avayıgà ~~Ŕea|cık kdg~y~g~ dc~Ŕp~veakpa ıv'YıgıvaŔag y~cav kdg~y~gà pnenc agcaŔea|cık# yıgıvaŔagy~cavıg bagho úcèópcnv ènvènznyog`n }acaŔıceayı hnvnkpoĔo

gdkpayı

gà dĔ~gcaŔeakpa`ı

v'Hagl gnbvo ó|nvog`n Bogòypag ocn Faghac`nŔ avayıgàko ~~Ŕea|cık# Póvkon(gog Jıvap%@oicn avayıgàko~~Ŕea|cıĔa }avacnccok av| npenkpnòv' Bogòypag 1?>1(`n Hagló|nvogn Javvakka Favalıgı a}pı' D |aeag ]akoypag f~ `~v~e~}vdpnypd nppo' Bogòypag ocn Faghac`nŔ# 1?88(`n a}pıkcavı fovagcaŔea ocn# k~vak enzyoecnv`n Hagl y~cavıgıg .:9(ógógFaghac`nŔ(n znvocenyo kdg~y~gà e~pafık kaceıŔcav`ı' "92/

Bogòypag# Hagl Gnbvo y~cavıgıg aàcnp zn bakkagonpúcèópcnvo oèog`n k~ccagıceayı hnvnkpoĔogo; f~g~g gój~y# pd}vakzn obpoaècavıg òkkapn acıgavak a}ıcaiaĔıgı z~vh~caeakpa ıv'Hagl y~cavıgıg avpıvıceayı kdg~y~gà Fvabea}~pva gnbvo ocnHagl avayıgà fov kagac ogŔayıgıg io`ò fov foèoe`n



19:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

pd}vaĔa iagcıcık kapavak# fúchngog baap àeavcavıgıgiagcageayıga av`ıeiı dcaiakpı'

Avpık y~ ocn yoaynp avayıgàko ocoŔko# Dvpa`dĔ~(àza|hnèocen| fov vnacopn bacogn hncò' Dvpa`dĔ~(à yaĔ`~~c~yoayo ova`ncnv dvpaa èıkpıkèa# favıŔ zn oypokvavıgkdv~geayıgà y~~g úgneco vdccnv dgaaiaĔı# ng a| y~

yazaŔcavı yngavdcavı kaàv úg }caga èıkpı' Gopnkoe# ĽyvaocFaŔfakagı ŗ' ]NVN\# Eavp 1??0(pn znvòĔo fov `nenèpn#&Póvkon |nghog y~cavıgı facıkcava znvenkpn# e9(ógó 0> yngpkavŔıcıĔıgà y~ aceak oypodv~|& `nvkng; ĽyvaocI~eb~vfaŔkagı XNO\EAG# &Póvkon ocn y~ kdg~y~gàoŔfovcoĔo a}eak oypodv~|& zn ŗ' ]NVN\# &Fúchn`nko y~ydv~g~g èú|óeóg`n Póvkon agabpav ócknòv' ]avaca`dĔacha| yapıg acıdv~|# gn`ng y~~ yapıg aceaacıe4&`neoŔcnvòv"00/'

ÈaĔàŔ fov `nzcnppn úgnpoiocnvog ayco húvnzo#backcavıgıg vnjab zn yaĔcıĔıgı ókyncpenk dc`~Ĕ~# f~g~g oèog~~Ŕea|cıkcavı fóópen`ng kavŔı pavajca nkdgdeok# yoayı#

kócpóvnc# zy' acagcavà oŔfovcoĔo a}eak hnvnkpoĔo bac`n# Y~vonzn Ovak# pae pnvyo fov bavnknpcn HA] }vdlncnvogn focogèyo|inkavŔı èıkavak fov y~ ydv~g~ avapeakpacav' Póvkon(o Ava}Iaeoayı(ga Ŕokanp n`nvnk# ]KK(ı `nypnkcno} Póvkon(ofúcenn èacıŔeakpa`ıvcav'

Y~von zn Ovak# oko ó|có }dcopoka o|cneno fıvakavakPóvkon(o fúcenn èacıŔeak nvogn# èaĔàŔ ò}cdeayok~vaccavıgı ~h~caavak# ydv~gcavı èú|enn èacıŔya# y~ ydv~g~àba kdcacıkca èú|óen kaz~Ŕaiakpıv' Èógkó# Póvkon# y~kdg~y~gà ó|nvogn `óŔng b~k~ko zn abcako fópóg húvnzcnvonvogn hnpovenkcn npogeno}# jooco `óŔeagcık húypnvng f~ okoócknn kavŔı aŔıg iúenvp àzvageakpag hnvo kaceaeakpa`ıv'

Kúvjn| YazaŔı

nygayı

gà fópóg faykı

cava vaĔengy~~ knyeneoŔpov' HA] zn Apapóvk Favalı yanyog`n yagon`n>== e9 y~~ `ó|ngco dcavak znvenkpnòv' Póvkon f~ ócknogyagcavıgıg obpoaècavıg kavŔıcaaiak kaàv y~~; kdeŔ~c~k#ogyagcık# bak zn aàcnp a`ıga fıvakea eóknccnjonpo zavya à;Y~von zn Ovak èúccnvogo y~caeak# dgcavıg eocdgcavia e9 y~~fdŔa akıpeayıga zn nykoeoŔ pnkgdcdlocnvcn y~~g bdvapèak~ccageacavıga y~gea eóknccnjonpo acpıgà `nĔocòv' ÓypncokY~von# 1?9?(à a}ıcag agcaŔea hnvnĔogin# Ayo Gnbvogogy~cavıgı nŔop dcavak }acaŔeak eóknccnjonpo acpıgà dceayıgavaĔeng# a| acavıgà Póvkon(n èdĔ~ |aeag boè y~fıvakeaeakpa`ıv"0>/'

ZOO' PÓVKĽ_N(@NKĽ Y^CAV FĽV YAZAŗAYNFN] DCAFĽCĽV EĽ4@ógaàko óckncnvog y~ obpoaècavı hóg hnèpokèn avpeakpa`ıv'Hoppokèn avpag gój~y zn ú|nccokcn baap ypagàv`ı

avaŔpıvea havnpcnvo# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko y~ obpoaiıe bnv hógavpıveakpa`ıv'

Jıvap zn @oicn hofo akıe vnloecnvo ó|ngyo| gnbovcnvogakıecavıgı faval cag zayıpayıca `ó|ngcnnvnk akıecavıg a|dc`~Ĕ~ |aeagcavà y~y~|c~Ĕa `óŔenenk# èdk dc`~Ĕ~|aeagcavà paŔkıgcava eago dceak# fdc y~~ `n}dcaavak

k~vak enzyoecnv`n avpık èaĔàŔ úgpnecnvog faŔıgàhncenkpnòv'

Y~ Dvpa`dĔ~ óckncnvogo zn ú|nccokcn Póvkon(o fovyazaŔa |dvcaafocov eo4 F~ga nznp zna baıv Ŕnkcog`n gnp fovinza} znvenk eóekóg `nĔocòv'

Èógkó# Dvpa`dĔ~(àko yıgıvaŔag ~kavıyıgàf~c~gag óckncnv# y~cavıg akıŔıe kdgpvdc npenk bakkıgıgkngòcnvog`n dc`~Ĕ~ga ogagıvkng# ayknvo úg`ng hoppokènhóècngng zna hóècngenn èacıŔag aŔaĔı kııàŔ óckncnv f~gakavŔı èıkeakpa`ıvcav'

Y~~g fov }dcopok yocab dcavak k~ccagıcı}k~ccagıceaaiaĔı ocn# f~gàg npkocngng óckncnvog `nghno

yaĔcaeak oèog ng npkog dc dcavak ayknvo hóè k~ccagıeıeynèo}ynèenninĔogo boè koeyn Ŕoeò`ng knypovnen|' ÈaĔàŔ `ógaà yazaŔıg nkdgdeok aèıàg }vapok fov èú|óedcea`ıĔı à `nĔnvcngòvocenkpnòv'

Y~cavıg pabyoyo a à }acaŔıeı ocn ochoco dcavak#óckncnvog kngò oypnk zn ova`ncnvogo kaf~c nppovenk oèog# bn`nj a à vako} óckncnv`nko favalcav# pógnccnv# fdv~ bapcavı# zy' hofopnyoycnvn pabvo} zn yafdpal a}eacavı# vako} óckn`n jæaconphúypnvng pnvúv úvhópcnvogo `nypnkcnnvnk# dgcava kngòóckncnvog`n favıgea zn cdloypok `nypnk yaĔcaavak acèakdĔ~gc~kpa èapıŔeacavıgCdx `ngyop idgjcoip yóv`óvócenyo#bacng dc`~Ĕ~ zn ú|nccokcn Póvkon(n kavŔı yóv`óvóc`óĔó hofo

hncninkpn `n óvópócenn `nzae nòcnfocov' Bappa `d|alı

àbaà avpıvıcafocov'F~g~gca fnvafnv# Dvpa`dĔ~( a y~ gn`ngocn yazaŔı

hú|n acafocnink zn yazaŔca oypnk zn ova`nyogo ~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpcnvn kaf~c nppovnfocnink yabo} óckn dcavak Ľyvaoc znEıyıv `ıŔıgà faŔka óckn dk hofo hú|ókenkpnòv' AkyoàzvagıŔ úgincokcn yazaŔı hú|n acag aŔaĔı kııàŔ `nzcnpog znócknyogog ıkıeıga ynfn} dcafocov' FocogòĔo hofo Eıyıv(ıg y~ydv~g~# Goc y~cavı gn`ngocn ~kavı kııàŔ `nzcnpcnv dcagNpd}a zn Y~àg ocn# `ógagıg ynko|ogio bavokayı dcavaka`cag`ıvıcag zn nvacpıgà ogŔa nòcng a}a gnbovcnv gn`ngocn`n Cofa ocnòv"0:/'

Y~ gn`ngocn Dvpa`dĔ~( a }apcak znvnink fov yazaŔ#

}npvdccnvog Fapıa akıŔıe knyogpon ~Ĕvapaiakya# faŔpa AF@dceak ó|nvn Fapıcı óckncnv



198

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

f~ga nghnc dcaiakcav`ıv# NĔnv èapıŔeaa nghnc dceaeıŔcavya#Ľyvaoc%Ava} yazaŔcavıgà zn Kúvjn| kvo|og`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofoyóvapcn ydga nvòvocenyo zn fúchn`n oypokvavıg yaĔcageayı pneog nòcninkpov' Fapıgıg zn AF@(gog `nĔoŔen| }dcopokayı f~`~v'

Agiak# fúcn fov yazaŔ# Póvkon(n kavŔı dc~vya#póe Ava}cavıg dvpak fov `óŔeag kavŔıyıgàeıŔ hofoavacavıgàko agcaŔea|cıkcavı fov aga fıvakavak Póvkon kavŔıyıgà kngnpcngninkcnvog`ng boèfov Póvkóg Ŕó}bnyodceaeacı`ıv' _~gagoypag# Nvengoypag fncko Ľvag à `nvbacAva}cavıg agıgà nv acafocov' Póvkon(gog póe kdeŔ~cavı ocn ooocoŔkocnv oèog`n dceayıga zn ydv~gcavı favıŔèıc dccavàgèú|óecnenk oypnenyogn vaĔeng# Póvkon(gog aŔaeyacèıkavcavı zn pd}vakcag ó|nvog`n bak o`òayıgà f~c~gag znpnvúvo|eo Póvkon(n kavŔı k~ccageaı acıŔkagcık bacogn hnpoveoŔ f~c~gag kdeŔ~ óckncnvog yóvnkco fovnv }dpagyonc pnbòpdc~Ŕp~v`~kcavıgı Póvkon hú| av`ı n`nen|' Póvkon%Y~von

avayıgà èıkafocnink y~ yazaŔı yngavdcavı zn yazaŔıg npkocnvoó|nvog`n Ŕoeò`ng jokovcnv óvnpocenn faŔcageıŔpıv"08/'

Y~von zn Ovak# Jıvap zn @oicn gnbovcnvo ó|nvog`nkoPóvkon(gog nhnengcok bakcavıgı húven|cokpng hncovkng#y~~g eak~c# úcèócó zn d}poeac k~ccagıeıgı vn``n`nvnk#kdg~~ }dcopok enivaa `úkó}# y~cavıg eapneapokync}acaŔıeıe úghúvng p~p~ecavıgı yóv`óvenkpnòvcnv'

BapıvcagaiaĔı ó|nvn# Kúvjn| YazaŔıgàg úgin Ovak#Póvkon(o yazaŔca pnbòp npeoŔpo' 1?20(png fnvo kdeŔ~cavıeı|ıgú|nccokcn Y~von(gog `nypnkcnòĔo ]KK yac`ıvıcavı ydg~i~# dgfog`ng ja|ca zapagàŔıeı| zn hózngcok húvnzcoeo| baapıgı kafnpeoŔpov' Yaıyı| kú# kayafa# dk~c# iaeo# oŔnvo# ~caŔıe

zayı

payı

# ngnvlo gakoc bapcavı

# PZ oypaydgcavı

# `neovdccavı

#pvngcnv zn kú}vócnv pabvo} nòceoŔpov']KK yac ıvıcavı ydg~i~ backıeı|ıg fóók fov kıyeı

zn ú|nccokcn Hógn @dĔ~(àko backıeı| ogagıcea| aiıcavakapcag ı' Fúchn nkdgdeoyo èúkpó' Póvkon kackıgeayıgı znhncoŔenyogo opovò' F~g~g faŔcıia ydv~ec~y~# Jıvap y~cavıgabakyı| dcavak yabo} dceak oypnng zn eapneapokync }acaŔıekdg~y~gàko oypnkcnvogo Póvkon(n kaf~cn |dvcaeak oèog fúcóió]KK(ı k~ccagavak Póvkon(`n úvpócó fov yazaŔı yóv`óvngY~von(òv"02/'

Eaacnynj# Póvkon# f~ èıchıg zn pnvúvoyp `nzcnpY~von(n boèfov fn`nc ú`npeneoŔpıv' 69 Diak 1??:( a znvòĔofov gdpa ocn ]KK(gıg faŔı Úiacag(ıg oa`nyogo oypneoŔ zn

&Y~von ]KK(ı zn Úiacag(ı ócknyog`n zn `ngnpoeog`nkopd}vakcavà favıg ıv ıĔı yóvnin# Póvkon# Y~von(n kavŔı bnvpóvcó úgcnen faŔz~vea bakkıga yabo}pov' Póvkon f~ bakkıgı ~h~g

húv`óĔó |aeag k~ccagaiakpıv'& `neoŔpov' Y~von# f~ gdpaı inza}cag`ıvea |abenpogn àbo kapcageaeıŔpıv' Póvkon enŔv~yaz~gea bakkıga àagavak Y~von(gog èıkavcavıgı bn`nj acagboèfov úgcnen faŔz~veaeıŔpıv'

Póvkon# kavavcıcıĔıgı dvpaa kdavak Y~von(gog

fúcóió pnvúvn dcag bnv póvcó `nypnĔogo úgcnenòkèn# pnvúvóg#kdeŔ~cavıgà zn ú|nccokcn Y~von(`nko ~zacavı zn kagaĔı k~v~p~cea`ıkèa# ]KK co`nvo zn ka`vdy~ Póvkon(n oa`nnòcenòkèn# pnvúvóg kúkógóg ka|ıgavak Hógn @dĔ~( a b~|~vzn hózng dvpaeıgıg avapıceayıga oekag dkp~v' _ogn pnvúvdvpaàg kackea`ıkèa# Póvkon(gog óckn èa}ıgà kavŔıcaŔpıĔı `nzfd~pc~ ydyd%nkdgdeok ydv~gcavıg èú|ócenyogn zn f~ avaàHógn @dĔ~ Aga`dc~(à pnvúv gn`ngocn ooin fd|~cagydyd%nkdgdeok `nghngog zn kdŔ~ccavıg oocnŔpovocenyogn znbackıeı|ıg hncninĔn óeopcn fakeayıga oekag dkp~v"0?/'

Y~von zn Ovak(ıg pnvúvo|eo `nypnkcnnvnk Póvkon(ofúcenn èacıŔeacavı npeodve~Ŕ hofo# Eavp 1??:(à

Kabovn(`nko Ava} FovcoĔo @ıŔoŔcnvo Fakagcavı Pd}cagpıyıgàHA](ı `~v`~vea zn afagiı Ŕovknpcnvo Póvkon(n za|hnèennèaĔıvag kóypabèa focòvoo aıgcapea faŔavıyıgı àhúypnveoŔcnvòv">=/'

61' ó|ıcıg faŔıgà fúchn`n io`ò fov y~ aèıĔıgıgèıkeayı# óvnpocng yazaŔ yngavdcavıga bakcıcık ka|ag`ıvaiakgopncokpnòv' Aceaga(gıg @on XNCP ha|npnyo# ApapóvkFavalıgà y~ p~p~ceayı gn`ngocn Y~von ocn Póvkon avayıgàfaŔhúypnvng hnvhogcoĔn zavag yaja aıvavak &]npvdc oèog`nĔoc# y~ oèog YazaŔıcaiak& faŔcıkcı a|ıyıgà# y~~g 6===(coıccavà Dvpa`dĔ~(~ kag húcógn ènzovninĔogo# Póvkon(gogy~~ ho|co fov yocab dcavak k~ccageak oypnòĔogo "agcıŔ

dcavak/# HA](ı

g `ógagı

g ng fóók }vdlncnvo avayı

gà nvac ıĔıgı# y~ ydv~g~g~g yaapco fdefaa `úgóŔpóĔógó#Ava}cavca _ab~òcnv avayıgàko yazaŔcavıg Jocoypogcocnvogbakcavı oèog `nĔoc# y~ gn`ngocn èıkaiaĔıe a|eıŔpıv">1/'

Hnvènkpng# AF@(gog havnpcnvo ocn Ava}cavca Ľyvaocavayıgà fov ~|caŔea yaĔcaavak dvpae avapıc`ıkpag ydgva#f~ fúchn`nko èapıŔea acagcavı# @dĔ~ Ak`ngo|(og `dĔ~fúchnyog`ng Fayva Kúvjn|o fúchnyogn kaeıŔpıv' Agiak# y~Dvpa`dĔ~( a úgneco fov kagak zn ~c~yac hóióg úgneco~gy~vcavıgàg fovo bacogn hnceoŔpov'

Gopnkoe# 1?:8(`nko Acpı Hóg YazaŔı dcavak agıcagAva}%Ľyvaoc YazaŔı# ŗnvoa Gnbvo ó|óg`ng èıkeıŔpıv' ĽyvaoccoHngnvac E' @A_AG# 1?80(pn# &Ľyvaoc oèog y~ d kaàv

úgnecoòv ko# 1?:8(`nko yazaŔa fova| à y~ kagakcavıgı kdgpvdc acpıga acafocenk oèog hovòk'& @on aèıkèa fnagàf~c~ge~Ŕp~v">6/'



192

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Jocoypog @nzcnpo(gog k~v~ceayıca fúchn`nko y~obpoaècavı àba èdk avpaiakpıv' ? Ncóc 1??9(pnko enkp~} pnapoyoocn Ľyvaoc FaŔfakagı VAFĽG ocn Jocoypog `nzcnp FaŔkagı _'AVAJAP fovfovcnvogo vnyeng pagı`ıcav' 0'>'1??0 hógóKabovn(`n favıŔ agpcaŔeayı oe|aca`ıcav' 6:'1='1??0(pn `n Ľyvaococn Óv`óg favıŔ agpcaŔeayı oe|acaavak Dvpa`dĔ~(à &FavıŔ

Hógcnvo&go hnpovòcnv'Óv`óg%Ľyvaoc AgpcaŔeayıgà# ŗnvoa zn _ave~k

Gnbovcnvo(gog y~cavıgıg }acaŔıeı kdg~y~gà oŔfovcoĔoa}ıcaiaĔıgı z~vh~ca`ıcav' Fúcnin oko `óŔeag avayıgà yazaŔ ynfnfo yaıcag y~# `dypc~k dc~gà kú}vó dc~Ŕp~veaafaŔca`ı' Dya Kvac Bóynog# 1??=(à znvòĔo fov `nenèpn# &Y~bavoè# boè fov kdg~ fo|o Ľyvaoc ocn pnkvav yazaŔa hovenn|dvcaaea|'& `neoŔpo' F~# yazaŔ ynfnfo dcafocninĔo hofoyaĔ`~~c~ akcaŔıeca# favıŔ zn vnjaba ho`ng kagaccavı àaèafocovaèafocodv'

Póvkon# hncngnkync favıŔèı }dcopokayı zn &_~vppay~cb# `ógaà y~cb& }dcopokayı hnvnĔo# yıgıvaŔag y~cav

kdg~y~gà favıŔı fd|~i~ àzvagıŔcavàg kaèeaa yóvnkcoú|ng húypnvenkcn fovcokpn# kdeŔ~cavıeı| pavaj ıgàg à ıyvavcayóv`óvócng pnvúvo|eo `nypnkcnoio àzvagıŔcav io`ò fd~pcava~caŔıvya zn kdeŔ~cavıeı| yazaŔpag kaèıgıcea| gdkpaa kaàv&hneo a|ıa acıvcavya&# Póvkon(`n ko yoayo ova`n boè fov hóinfd~g nĔen`ng hnvnkngo a}eakpag kaèıgeaaiakpıv'Póvkon(gog FavıŔ Y~~ ]vdlnyo `n f~ Ŕavpcav acpıgà akıghncninkpn hnvènkcnŔen obpoeaco dceaag fçv úgnvo dcavakkacaiakpıv'

Hnvèo Ava}cav zn Ľyvaoc y~~g kngòcnvogn~caŔeayıgàg eneg~g hú|ókyncnv `n# Póvkon(gog FY] ocnfúchn`n faŔapbakoe `~v~ea hncenyog`ng kdvkeakpa`ıvcav'

Agı

kdvk~# Kajkaya zn Ba|av Fúchnyo(g`ng Azv~}a(apaŔıgaiak }npvdc zn `dĔac ha| fdv~ bapcavıgıg Póvkonó|nvog`ng hnèovocenyog`n `n húvóceóŔpóv' FaŔpa V~ya znĽghocpnvn f~ga kavŔı èıkeıŔpıv' Èógkó# Póvkon(goghóècngenyog`ng kdvk~ceakpa`ıv">9/' Fdv~ bapcavıgıg#Póvkon(o ngnvlo }dpagyonco aèıyıgàg faŔap `~v~eahnpovninĔog`ng kdvkeakpa`ıvcav'

ZOOO' YDG^È ZN PÓVKĽ_N(GĽGĽKĽCNEĽ Fov èdk oypokvavyı|cıĔı fógnyog`n pd}caeıŔ dcag

Dvpa`dĔ~(à# y~ kıpcıĔı }dcopok `~v~e~ àba io`ò `~v~ea

hnpovenkpn zn àba èdk hnvhogcnŔpovenkpnòv' @dcaıyıca#Póvkon èdk |nghog y~ kagakcavıga yabo}eoŔ hofo húypnvocnvnk# fúchn

óckncnvogog zn `ógagıg úgneco fov ocho dàĔı bacogn hnceoŔpov'Agiak# Póvkon y~ kagakcavı zn ú|nccokcn oèen zn

k~ccagea y~~ kagakcavı fakıeıgàg yagıc ıĔı kaàv |nghogfov óckn `nĔocòv' Póvkon( n y~ póknpoeogog fóók kıyeı pavıeà k~ccagıceayıga zn HA] ocn Hógn`dĔ~ Aga`dc~(g~gpavıeyac hncoŔoeo fov nkdgdeok úgincok dcavak `óŔógócenyogn

vaĔeng# Póvkon(gog ~|~g `úgne`n ayıc ydv~gcavıgàg fovo#bı|ca avpag kngò gój~y~g~g y~ hnvnkyogoecnvogog gayıckavŔıcagafocninĔoòv'

61' ó|ıca hovnvkng Póvkon(gog gój~y~ 8= eocdg~aŔaiak zn f~g~g .:=(ıgàg ja|cayı Ŕnbovcnv`n aŔaaiakpıv'Y~ obpoaiı# Ľypagf~c# Agkava zn Ľ|eov hofo fóók enpvd}dccnvogfov èdk kayafa zn kúcnv`n focn bı|ca avpeakpa`ıv' Eaveava#Nhn zn Ak`ngo| kııcavıgà bı|ca hncoŔng oè zn `ıŔ p~vo|egn`ngocn y~ hnvnkyogoeo hóg`ng hógn avpeakpa`ıv' A`ı hnèngkngp zn fúchncnvog y~ obpoaiı# àba ~|ak fúchncnv`ng zn èdkfóók zn }abacı apıvıecavàg ydgva kavŔıcagafocninkpov'

F~ gn`ngcn# akıg hncninkpn Póvkon# y~~g fov

àecayıga e~bpaè óckncnv`ng fovo bacogn hncenk oypneodvya#eocco fov y~ }dcopokayı fncovcnnvnk# idĔvajo azagpalcavıgkngògn yaĔca ıĔı Ŕoeòko y~ óypógcóĔógó oo k~ccageak zn`nĔnvcngòvenk |dv~gà`ıv">0/'

Póvkon# Dvpa`dĔ~(à hngnc `nghncnvo hú|npenkcnfovcokpn úgincokcn kngò ogoyoapojo ocn bavnknp n`nvnk kngòèıkavcavıgı kdv~eak zn kdccaeak úgóg`n bavnknp npenk|dv~gà`ıv' Ľyvaoc(n En`~ya Pdvfacavı a ı znvocng fóók znazaŔ bavnknp n`nfocng ncaypok eazgacav k~ccagavak y~ yapıceayı úgóg`n apıcaiak fov a`ıe dcafocov' Ľyvaoc f~ dcca a à FavıŔ Y~~ ]vdlnyo(gog baapa hnèovocnfocenyo ocn Dvpa`dĔ~(à nc`nnòcnfocnink oypokvaeı# Azv~}a nkdgdeok èıkavcavı ó|nvog`n `n

dc~ec~ npkocnvogog dcaiaĔı

gı

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FavıŔ Y~~ ]vdlnyo(go úgnvng Póvkon# }vdlngog~h~cagafocovcoĔogo zn nkdgdeok dc`~Ĕ~g~ knyog fov va}dvcadvpaa kdaeaeıŔpıv' AF@(gog



19?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

FVDX%VDDP joveayıgıg a}pıĔı èacıŔea zn ba|ıvca`ıĔı va}dv# fov úg èacıŔea gopncoĔog`nòv' F~ gn`ngcn Póvkon#Ynbag zn Inbag Gnbovcnvo(g`ng znvocnink y~~g àba ydgvakngò obpoaiı oèog k~ccagı} k~ccageaaiaĔıgı àbo knyog fovŔnkoc`n pny}op npennvnk okocne oèogn `óŔenkpnòv' Hncninkpn

kngò obpoaècavı gnòv4 F~g~g àbo èacıŔeayıgı a}eaeıŔpıv'K~|n Kıfvıy(a znvocnink y~~g zn Agpaca fúchnyog`nkoobpoaè ja|cayı y~cav zn enefacavıg eokpav zn kacopncnvogn aopjo|ofocopn zn npóp va}dvcavı àbo ba|ıvcageaeıŔpıv'

Y~ kdg~y~gà Póvkon ó|nvog`n yngavdcavóvnpocovkng# Póvkon(gog kngòyo# dcacavı o|cnenkcn npogodv' _aà hncoŔencnvn húvn pazıv pakeıdv' _ago dcacavıg hnvoyog`nkacıdv'

Ava}cavı kóypóvennoe ònvnk# Ľyvaoc(og oypnòĔoy~~ yapeak zn }a|avcaeak oèog bavnknpyo| kacıvkng# Y~von znOvak# Jıvap zn @oicn y~cavı kdg~y~gà# Póvkon(gog kavŔıyıgafov &Ava} Cdfoyo& ocn èıkeak oypodv'

Ava} Cdfoyo a à Ava} In}bnyo ocn kavŔı kavŔıakacag Póvkon(gog# oypnv oypnen| Ľyvaoc ocn oŔfovcoĔo a}eayı úgnvocenkpnòv' Ava}cav# Ľyvaoc(og }avaca oypnòĔo y~~yapeaeı|a focn kavŔı èıkeakpa ıvcav' Gopnkoe# Y~vonFóókncèoyo# Ľyvaoc(n Inbag zn Ynbag Gnbovcnvo(g`ng a àEagazhap Èaı(gàg y~ yapea }vdlnyogo ncnŔpovnvnk# &Y~# y~`~v'Kava`ngo|( ng focn dcya# _ab~òcnvn yapıceaeacı`ıv'&`neoŔpov">:/'

Y~von zn Ovak(ıg Póvkon ocn dcag Ŕ~ agcaŔea|cıĔıgıgavkayıgà apag ng úgneco gn`ng# hózngyo|cokpov' F~ gn`ngcnY~von# kdeŔ~cavıgàg# Ava} óckncnvog`ng zn ~c~ycavavayı jdv~ecavàg `nypnk yaĔcaea }nŔog`nòv' Dvpa`dĔ~(g~g `óŔeag

kav`nŔcnvo kaf~c nòcng Y~von ocn Ovak# dg acpı

ı

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Goenp~ccab Baj ı|(ıg ba|ıvca`ıĔı &AŔık Jnvko# baapı znnynvcnvo& kopafıgıg aıgcageayı o|cnò' ]vo|vng( naŔaag Póvk a|avcavıgıg fov èdĔ~ kngò n`nfonynvcnvogo _~hdycaza(gıg fov èdk `nvhocnvog`naıgca`ı' F~ a|avcavıg nynvcnvo nyko _~hdycaza( aaŔaag póe ~c~ycavıg òccnvogn ènzvoco} aıgcag`ı'

Póvkon(`n `n kopa}cavı aıgcagag ]vo|vng Póvka|avcavıgıg yaıyı èdkp~v'

_~hdycaza( a èaĔàŔ Póvk n`nfoapıgı dc~Ŕp~vag a|avcav avayıgà ]vo|vng a|avcavı avayıgàúg`n hncngcnv Ŕ~gcav`ıv< @~veoŔ Ycnoga "1?1: %/# A|o|F~Ŕ "1?18%1?8=/# Bavnppog Zdckag "1?69%1??=/# ĽyaŗoeŔnk "1?60 %/# G~yvnp @oŔd Óckó "1?98 %/# ]vdj' @v'Goenp~ccab Baj ı| "1?9? %/# Bayag Enviag "1?00 %/#ŗniaappog Kdka "1?0> %/# Abenp Ľzoiocnv "1?0> %/#Ľykng`nv E~|%Jnz|o Pójnkèo "1?02 %/# Acpa Y~vdVnin}dĔc~ "1?0? %/# Jokvo ŗoŔkd "1?0? %/# JabvoEnvenv "1?>= %/# A' Vıjap _nŔnvng "1?>1 %/#

Enbòóckó Iofd "1?>1 %/# \ngnc Fnkyaè "1?Y6 %/#Npbne Faeak "1?>6 %/# A|o| Ynvfnyp "1?>0 %/#Dyeag Faeak "1?>0 %/# Enbenp Fópóè "1?>> %/#Npbne Ka|a| "1?:= %/# Vaoj Kıvk~c "1?:0 %/"16/'

]vo|vng( nko Póvk gój~y~ga húvn a|av# Ŕaov#yagapèı yaıyı póe dvagpıcavıg óypóg`nòv' Yaıia a| dcag]vo|vng Póvk pd}c~e~ kócpóv npkogcokcnvogo yóv`óvóvkngıcıg bnv hógóg`n fov kócpóv dcaı ocn backı aŔapeakpa`ıvcav' Poapvdi~cav ba|ıvca`ıkcavı d~gcavı yabgnn kdavak# yny yagapèıcavı eó|okco }vdhvaecav`ó|ngcnnvnk# Ŕaovcnv Ŕoov pd}cagpıcavı `ó|ngcnnvnk#vnyyaecav ynvhocnv aèavak# focoe aàecavı ènŔopco focoe

pd}cagpı

cavı

gà focòvo y~gavak f~ kócpóv npkogcokcnvoyóvenkpnòv' Póe f~ kócpóv dcacavıgıg bnv hóg Póvkènaıg a}ag ]vo|vng va`dy~ o|cnenkpnòv zn vú}dvpalcavaıgcaeakpa ıv'

Póvk gój~y~ jakpúvóg`ng faŔka ]vo|vngDyeagcı `úgneog`ng kacea nynvcnvocn `n Póvk@ógayı (gıg fov }avèayı`ıv' Kngpog nyko fúcóeógódc~Ŕp~vag kngp envkn|og`n f~hóg `n Dyeagcı Ŕnboviocok ú|nccoĔo kdv~geakpa`ıv' Kngppn 60 eabaccnzav`ıv' Bnv eabaccn`n fov iaeo# ng a| fov fakkac# fovj ıvıg# fov ènŔen# eabaccn enàgı# fognk paŔı# dp~veapaŔı# koeo eabaccncnv`n enkpn} "ockdk~c/ fogayı# fnvfnvzn kaya} zav`ıv' Eabaccn# backıg `noeocn &fdĔa|àg&"ydkak/ dc~Ŕ~v' Eabaccncnv hngnccokcn iaeo a`cavıgı paŔıv' ]avèacageıŔ _~hdycaza(à eabaccncnv fovnv _nvncFovcoĔogo "nvnc úgnpoe/ dc~Ŕp~v~dv`~' ŗoeò f~eabaccncnvog `ıŔıgà ngo ynepcnv k~v~ce~Ŕp~v ko f~ynepcnv k~v~c`~kcavı nvog nv a`ıgı paŔıeakpa ıvcav'ÚvgnĔog; Dvpadk~c# P~|y~|# F~|ahocık# Cak~voè#_ahcngoèa hofo' _ngo k~v~cag

ynepcnv`n nyko eabaccncnv ú|nccoĔogoúkógenkpnòvcnv'

]vo|vng(og Póvk @ógayı(ga faĔcıcıĔı f~hóg`nkngppn zavdcag koeo nyko |agaapcavca yóvenkpnòv' F~|agaapcavàg kdv~gagcav Ŕ~gcav`ıv @neovio# èocoghovio#ka|agiı# kacaiı# pngnknio# dc~kè~# focnio# e~ei~#

fıèakèı# acpıgiı# k~~ei~# gacfagp# yaapèo# pnv|o# knènk~ccafa# dvhagiı# baccaè# aypıkèı# eajnyèo# a|eaiı#èa ıviı# fdaiı# a}aĔıiı# daiı# `úŔnenio# pafakèı#èo|enio# yavaè# `~zaviı# kovneopèo# kac`ıvıeiı# k~ei~#ènŔenio# invo|io# diakèı# }a}~èè~# k~g`~vaiı# kóvkèó#`nĔovengio# fnvfnv# ydjvaiı# envnenpèo# `dĔvaeaiı#gacıgiı# nkenkèo# aŔèı# dĔ~vpè~# fd|aiı# papcıiı#e~baccnfoio# knfa}èı# kújpnio# kaya}# faĔıvyakèı#fúvnkèo# yoeopèo# kaeakèı# bnczaiı# cnfcnfoio# knypagnio#}ngovio# `dg`~veaiı# cdk~ei~# fakcazaiı# yacn}èo#kaàojèo# aĔiı# èdvfaiı# f~efava "y~i~k/# vnyoeio"jdpdĔvaj/# yó}óvhnio# kúeóvió# avafaiı zn baeac'

F~gcavıg `ıŔıgà nyko |agaapcav à faŔka fov a`ca yóvódva à paeaeng dk dce~Ŕp~v' F~ enycnkcnvog fov èdĔ~fovkaè enycnkcn fovcokpn yóvenkpnòv zna f~ enycnkcnvogóvógcnvo fnvafnvin fov `ókkagà óvnpocenkpnòv znyapıceakpa`ıv' Póe f~ enycnkcnvog f~hóg `n hnènvcodceayı ó|óg`ng ]vo|vng( n 62==(óg ó|nvog`n kaıpcı enycnk yabofo zav`ıv' F~ yaıa bngó| ka`ıgı a}pıveaeıŔ dcag zn kaıpcı enycnk yabo}cnvo ocnfovcokpn èacıŔag nygaj ı à kapavyak# f~ yaı óè kapàbaja|ca dc~v' F~ |agaapcav ng èdk Póvkon ocn hnvènkcnŔngpoiavo ocoŔkocnvcn aŔaeakpa`ıv' A`ı hnèng |agaapcav oèogbavè# acnp Póvkon(`ng hnpovpocenkpnòv' Yıvfoypag zn

KavaàĔ(a FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnvin ~h~cagaga}pıvıecava Póvkon yahıcı àzvagıvkng# ]vo|vng|agaapèıcavı |agaapcavıgı yóv`óvenkpn |dvc~kènkenkpnòvcnv' Póvkon zn F~chavoypaghóevókcnvog`n ~h~cagag yıkı kdgpvdc ó|óg`ng bnvbajpa 1>(og ó|nvog`n dpdfóyóg ya`nin ]vo|vng( ngĽypagf~c(a ynnbap n`nvkng# f~ dci~c~kcav f~hóg bnedpdfóy yaıyı bne dci~ yaıyı fakıeıgàg avıa`óŔeóŔpóv'

@ógaà bnv fov eoccnpog ogyag bakcavı avayıgà aga Ŕavp# àĔıgık ydàŔcavıgı pd}caeakdc`~ya à# ]vo|vng Póvkcnvo Póvkèn(o# PóvkKócpóvó(gó zn 0== ıccık Póvk eovayı dcag pavoboa}ıcavı# hncngnk# húvngnk zn enycnkcnvog Fackagcav(ıgf~ kúŔnyog`n kdv~eak zn aŔapeak oèog Póvkon( ng znPóvk @ógayı(gàg à `nypnk fnkcodv zn ya`ninf~g~gca ]vo|vng Póvkcnvo eneg~g dcaiakpıv' ĽŔpnŔoeò Póvk @ógayı(gıg f~g~ `nĔnvcngòvenyohnvnkodv'



108

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVK @NZCNP ZNPD]C^C^KCAVO ĽCN ĽCHĽCĽ NėĽPĽE JAACĽ_NPCNVĽEĽ\

A`ne ^\^G

Abenp _nynzo Ógoznvyopnyo Ydyac Focoecnv Ngypopóyó Ava Ŕp ıvea

Húvnzcoyo

Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvogog faĔıeyı|cıkcavıgakaz~Ŕeacavı Póvk zn Akvafa Pd}c~c~kcavı ocnEóycóeag Pd}c~c~kcavıg ngo`ng a}ıcageacavı# f~óckncnvcn óckneo| avayıgà yoayo# kócpóvnc znnkdgdeok ocoŔkocnvog faŔcapıceayıga gn`ng dce~Ŕp~v'

F~ óckncnvcn a}ıcag agcaŔeacav zn}vdpdkdccnv ènvènznyog`n yú|ó nòcng Póvk@nzcnpcnvogn zn Pd}c~c~kcavıga nĔopoe%úĔvnpoeacagıgà zn ènŔopco acagcavà bo|enp znvenkpno|'

@oco# ògo# kócpóvó# pavobo fov dcag 6==eocdga akıg Póvk @ógayı faĔıeyı| zna avı faĔıeyı| dcavak; f~ ed|aok a}ı oèog`n ú|ógó f~cea#fovfovogo avaea# fovfovogn ~caŔea zn fovfovog`ng hóèacea èafayı oèogn hoveoŔcnvòv' Póvkon oyn# f~ogyagcavıg ~e~p kagaĔı`ıv' Fov vnghog pdgcavıgı oja`nn`ng f~ a}ı oèog`n dvpak pnenccnvoeo|`ng bavnknpcnhóècó fnvafnvcokcnv dc~Ŕp~v~cafocov' Agiak f~ dc~Ŕ~e#

~|~g# popo| zn dĔ~g fov èafa baviaeaı zn fóókjnàkavcıkcavca# fıkeaàg ~yageaàg èacıŔeaı hnvnkpovenkpnòv'

61' ó|ıca akcaŔıvkng `nghncnvo kúkpngfd|~cag zn ngo`ng a}ıcagag fov `óga ocn kavŔı kavŔıaı|' Pavıe zn Yagao @nzvoecnvog`ng ydgvaóèógió fóók `nzvoeo aŔıdv~| ko# f~ hnèeoŔog`nĔnvcnvogo acpóyp n`ng Focho ÈaĔı(`ıv' F~ èaĔà focoe dkaàv bı|cı ocnvcnenkpnòv ko# ogyagcava acgı|ia dkaveaŔık fochocnv oènvoyog`ng obpoaiı dcagcavı ynèenk znk~ccageak óŔenkpnòv'

Ydznpcnv FovcoĔo(gog àĔıcıŔıgàg ydgva

faĔı

eyı

|cı

kcavı

ga kaz~Ŕag Póvk kav`nŔcnvoeo|n yabo}èıkeak zn dgcava óvó`ókcnvo f~ ènpog dcà úg`nvcoknpenk# fo|oe ng k~pyac húvnzoeo|òv' _npeoŔ ıccıking`nvn`ng èıkeıŔ f~ kav`nŔcnvoeo| oèog `ógaa~~e yaĔcaeak kdca dceaya hnvnkpov' Azvaya Dvpak]a|avı(gıg k~v~ceayı oèog yoayo# kócpóvnc# nkdgdeokfovcok èacıŔeacavı bı|cag`ıvıceacı# Póvk `ógayıgıg bnvfov ócknyog`n; dvpak hnèeoŔoeo|og eóŔpnvnk apa znfafacavıeı|ıg# ayvıeı|ıg oceo%en`ngo ynzonyogog zn 61'ó|ıcàko eóŔpnvnk ka`nv zn bn`njcnvoeo|og javkıgàdcag ngo fov (Ľgyag Po}o( ogŔa npenk pnenc za|ojneo|dceacı`ıv'

Avaeı|àko òc# ogagè kú}vóyógó# pavobfocogio# kócpóv kú}vóyógó `nĔnvcngòvnfocenk;kúkcnvoeo|n ognvnk eagnzo agcaeà fópógcnŔnfocenk# znhncninĔog ocnvo pd}c~ecavı avayıgà nvoeo|o acafocenkoèog e~pcaka kúkcnvoeo|n ognvnk# nĔopoe zn kócpóvóeó|ókagaŔpıveakca eóekóg dcafocninkpov' @ogo fochocnv`ngzn zniofncnv`ng kd}avıceıŔ# ogagècavı yaĔcae jakap fochogdkyagcavı f~c~gag f~ kav`nŔcnvoeo|n ògo úg`nghnvnkco `nypnk @oagnp ĽŔcnvo FaŔkagcıĔıeı|iaznvocenkpnòv'



102

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F~vaà Apapóvk(óg Ŕ~ yú|ógóg gn kaàvnvog`n dc`~Ĕ~g~ fncovpenkpn avav húvódv~e<

&F~hóg Ydznpcnv Fovco Ĕ o# `dyp~e~|`~v#kde Ŕ~e~|`~v# eóppnjokoeo|òv' F~ `dypc~ Ĕ aobpoaiıeı | zav` ıv' Jakap av ıg gn dcaia Ĕ ıgı koeynknypovnen|' P ı }k ı Dyeagcı hofo# p ı }k ı Az~yp~va

Eaiavoypag hofo }avèacagafocov# ~jacagafocov' F~hógnccnvog`n yıeyık ı p~pp~ Ĕ ~ eoccnpcnv az~ècav ıgàgkaèafocovcnv' @óga ngo fov `nghnn ~ca Ŕafocov' ĽŔpn d

|aeag Póvkon gn a}aia Ĕ ıgı focencoòv''' Fo|oe f~`dyp~e~|~g oàvnyog`n òco fov# ogagiı fov# ú|ó fov kav`n Ŕcnvoeo| zav` ıv' Dgcava yabo} èıkeaa ba|ıv dceacı ı |' Ba|ıv dceak acgı | d hógó y~y~} fnkcnenk `n Ĕ ocòv# ba|ıvcageak ca|ıe` ıv' Eoccnpcnv f~ga gayıcba|ıvcagıv4 Eagnzo kú}vócnvogo ya Ĕ cae p~pavak' @oc fov kú}vó`óv''' ogagè fov kú}vó`óv''' pavob fov kú}vó`óv'''&

&''' Kúkcnvoeo|n ogenco zn dcacav ıg fúc`ó Ĕ ó

pavoboeo|og oèog`n fópógcn Ŕencoo|' Dgcav ıg fo|n akca Ŕeayıgı fnkcnneno|' Fo|oe dgcava akca Ŕeaeı |hnvnkco'''& "E' K' Apapóvk/

Abenp _nynzo Aga`dc~(~ %Ac} nvngcnvogohúg`nvnvnk% gayıc PóvkcnŔpovò zn ĽycaecaŔpıv`ı oyn; fo| `ndga dcag fdvi~e~|~ nvogn hnpovencoo|' Aga`dc~(àgPóvkoypag(a oeag# abcak# aŔk# ocoe# fovcok húpóvencoo|'Apa ~v`~e~|à ngo `nvhabcav k~veacıı|' DgcavaAbenp _nynzo(o# _~g~y Nevn(o# Enzcaga(ı# DĔ~|Bag(ı# Javafo(o# Apapóvk(ó agcapeacıı|' Hcdfac fov`óga oèog`n nvogo acafocenk oèog# Póvk @ógayı àkngò oèog`n ngpnhvn dceacı`ıv' Focho pd}c~e~ga

~caŔeaeı

|ı

yaĔcaaiak dc~Ŕ~e yóvnio fovcok ó|nvognk~v~c~`~v'Póvk pd}c~e~g~g pavob fd~gia ng úgneco

ú|nccoĔo bavnknpcocokpov' F~ bavnknpcocok# Póvkpd}c~c~kcavıgà &púvn&gog óypóg `nĔnv dcavaknvcnŔenyog`n npkocoòv' Póvk fdcavı ydyac# yoayo znkócpóvnc a}ıcavıgı &púvn(&n faĔcıcıkcavı yanyog`nkdv~e~Ŕcav`ıv' F~ bayyayonp bne koŔo# bne pd}c~e#bne `n `nzcnp fd~p~gà enzi~pp~v' Dg~g oèogòv ko; f~faĔcıcık pnenc acıg`ıĔı pakòv`n òc# òg# kócpóv# pavobfovcoĔog`ng avavcagavak ; Póvk @ógayıgıg pnk fov fópógbacog`n `óga ó|nvog`nko nvogo aceayı yaĔcagafocninkpov'

Póvkon I~eb~vonpo ydg ıccavà f~ dcàapıceayı hnvnkng a`ıecavı apeıŔ a}ıceayı hnvnkngoŔcnvo a}eıŔpıv' A`voapok(png Èog Yn`ò(gn bappaFóók Dkag~ya kaàv Póvk zavcıĔı fov baac# fovzavyaıe `nĔoc# zavdcag fov hnvènkpov' Agiak f~ hóiógngpnhvaydg~ èdk kdca dceaaiakpıv' Ngpnhvaydgfovèdk |dvc~kca kavŔıcaŔaiakpıv; agiak fochocn#focoecn# nenkcn# yafıvca# pabaeeóccn# bdŔhúvó znynzhocn `nzae n`ngcnv oèog }ıvıc }ıvıc ydg~ècavı

dcaiak fov èacıŔeacav yóvnioòv' HcdfaccnŔng `ógaàngpnhvaydg~g~ paeaecaeıŔ Póvk @ógayı(gıgnpkogcoĔo àba èdk dcaiakpıv'

Úgincokcn kócpóv `nĔnvcnvoeo|n úgncenco#kúkcnvoeo|`n f~c~Ŕeacı# àccavıeı|ı akıgcaŔpıveacıı|' Dvpak kócpóv zn eocco pavob Ŕ~~v~g~

Póvk @ógayı dcavak akacaafoceneo| oèog fov nĔopoezn kócpóv fovcoĔo ynjnvfnvcoĔo hnvnkenkpnòv' Ydg|aeagcavà apa kócpóvógn# úvj zn a`npcnvn faĔcıcık#pavobo kabvaeagcavıeı|a kavŔı eoggnp zn Ŕókvag boycnvoazaŔ azaŔ |aıjcaeakpa`ıv' ŗagcı pavoboeo|og fóók`nzcnp# ocoe zn yagap aàecavıga kavŔı kaıpyı|cıĔıeı|hóg hnèpokèn avpeakpa`ıv' NĔnv hncoŔeoŔ fov pd}c~e#ago 61' ó|ıcıg focho pd}c~e~ dceak oypodvyakÚgincokcn kngò kócpóvóeó|ó# pavoboeo|o# ògoeo|o znòcoeo|o yabo}cngencoo|'

Ľgyagcık n}ngo fov èaĔa hoveoŔpov' Ydgıccavà# focho óvnpoeogog dcaĔagóypó fd~pcavà

avpeayı# fochogog pnkgdcdlon ~h~cageayıgıgbı|cageayı# focho `n}dcaea zn k~ccagea kdg~y~gàdcaĔagóypó oekagcav yaĔcaag fochoyaavcavıghncoŔenyo zn ~h~cageayı# bafnvcnŔen avaècavıgàkofóók ocnvcnencnvcn fochogog ahıgcaŔea oekagcavıgıgavpeayı# ngo èaĔıg aga ~gy~vcavı dc`~Ĕ~ aèıkcıkka|ageıŔ zn focho èa Ĕ ı "Focho Pd}c~e~/ hnvènĔo dvpaaèıkeıŔpıv' Focho Pd}c~e~ fochoo óvnpnfocng# fochohncoŔoeogo pnkgok zn pnkgdcdlon aà}pn nò} ~avcaagfov pd}c~e dcavak# kngògo bı|ca ngocnnenngcnvogayıvcavia hnvocnv`n kac`ıĔı fov bı|a kaz~Ŕe~Ŕp~v'

Hógóeó|`n fochoyaavcavıg yaĔca`ıĔı

kdcacı

kcav gn`ngocn# baapı

g bnv acagı

ga dĔ~gdcavak hovòĔo húvócenkpnòv' Fochoyaav `nypnkcoúĔvnpoe# fochoyaavcı ò|ho# fochoyaavcı payavıe#fochoyaavcı óvnpoe# fochoyaavcı pdedhvajo bappafochoyaavcı eó|ok zn yagap# baapıeı|ıg fovnv }avèayı dce~Ŕ za|onppnòv'

Hógóeó|`n ogyagcık pavobogog ng úgneco zn ngkúkcó zn `n gnpoincnvo opofavocn ng npkoco `úgó Ŕóeó

a Ŕagı dv' F~ `úgó Ŕóe# `óga `nghncnvogo yavyp ı zn ngo fov `óga dc~ Ŕ~dv

F~hóg# oèog`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~e~| focho èaĔıgıgnpkoyocn# ogyagcık pavobog`n akıccava `~vh~gc~k znvng fovpnkgdcdlok ngocngen# fng|nvo húvóceneoŔ nkdgdeokdcagakcav zn ŔaŔıvpıiı yoayac hncoŔencnv ocn kócpóvncngo`ng `dĔ~Ŕcav aŔageakpa`ıv'

Póvk iI~eb~vonpcnvo ocn Póvk Akvafa znPd}c~c~kcavı avayıgà Diak 1??6 pavobog`n faŔcaagvnyeo pneaycavıg av`ıgàg# kavŔıcıkcı agcaŔeacavca f~óckncnv`ng Póvkon(n úĔvngiocnv hnpovpocennfaŔcageıŔpıv' Póvkon I~eb~vonpo(gog f~ óckn znpd}c~c~kcava úgncok èacıŔeacavıgàg ng úgnecoyo zn



10?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

a}ıcag }vdlncnvog ng fóóĔó dvacavà aèıcag dk~ccav znPóvkon(n hnpovocng úĔvngiocnvòv'

_ago kıyaia nĔopoe }dcopokayı`ıv' PakòvnòcninĔo hofo ng fóók apıvıe ogyaga a}ıcagapıvıe ıv' F~ póv nĔopoe èacıŔeacavıca úĔvngiocnv#

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Ú|fnkoypag 122>%1?1= ıccavı avayıgà V~ygój~|~ga hoveoŔ# agiak aakcageacav `nzae npeoŔpov'1?6=(`n V~y dv`~cavı PaŔkngp(n hoveoŔcnvòv' 1?6?ıcıgà Paiokoypag Y'Y' I~eb~vonpog`ng avıcavakÚ|fnkoypag Y'Y' I~eb~vonpo k~v~ce~Ŕp~v'

6= Ba|ovag 1??=(à nhnengcoĔogo# 1 Ncóc1??6(`n faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag npeoŔpov' FaĔıeyı|cıĔıe ockocag n`ng óckn dceayıga vaĔeng# `nedkvapokcnŔen znvnjdve kdg~y~gà èdk io`ò enyajncnv acıg`ıĔı yúcngnen|'

Ú|fnkoypag gój~y~g~g .81'0(ó Ú|fnk#.2'9(~ V~y; .0'8 Paiok# .0'1 Ka|ak# .9'9 Papav#.2' c(o òĔnv npgok hv~}cavàg dc~Ŕ~v'

A' Vnyeo Dk~ccav<1??6 ıcıgà oko óckn E'N'Fakagcıkcavı

avayıgà oe|acageıŔ dcag }vdpdkdc ~avıgiaÚ|fnkoypag(à E'N'F'(gia k~v~cag 2 coyn nĔopoeznvenkpnòv' "Ú|fnkoypag (à# 6 Aga`dc~ Dpnciocok znP~vo|e Enycnk Coynyo# 6 Aga`dc~ Coynyo# 6 Aga`dc~Poiavnp Coynyo# 1 Aga`dc~ Ng`óypvo Enycnk Coynyo# 1 Ľ ckdk~c zn 1 Póvkon Póvkènyo N Ĕ opoe Ú Ĕ vnpoe Envkn|odceak ó|nvn pd}cae ?/ F~ coyncnv`n pd}cae 1182úĔvngio nĔopoe húvenkpn# 20 úĔvnpeng húvnza}eakpa ıv' Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoeEnvkn|o oyn 106 úĔvngio ocn nĔopoeogn `nzaenpenkpnòv' "Pafcd 9/



1>9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F' Ú|nc Dk~ccav<F~gcavıg `ıŔıgà &Yoce& ŗovknpo pavaj ıgàg

aèıcag pd}cae 6= coyn# "1? dvpaúĔvnpoe# 1 PóvkonPóvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoe Envkn|o/ òc zn fochoyaavenvkn|o nĔopoe znvenkpnòv' F~ dk~ccavà pd}cae91?> úĔvngio nĔopoe húvenkpn# pd}cae 189 úĔvnpenghúvnz a}eakpa`ıv' "Pafcd >/ Avıia oko ócknógoznvyopncnvo avayıgà èdk yaıà oŔfovcoĔo }vdpdkdccnvooe|acageıŔpıv'

_ogn f~vaà à E'N'F' znvocnvognfakpıĔıeı|à ú|nc k~v~e zn k~v~c~Ŕcavıg aèeıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ dk~ccavıg yaıyıgı 1?# úĔvngio yaıyıgı 600>#Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe Envkn|o yaıyıgı O znEnvkn|`nko úĔvngio yaıyıgı 102 dcavak húvenkpno|'E'N'F' znvocnvo f~ dk~ccavàko húvnzco úĔvnpengyaıyıgı oyn 1>8 dcavak znvenkpnòv' "Pafcd :/

F~gcavıg agıyıva# oko óckn ógoznvyopncnvo

avayıgà oŔfovcoĔo }vdpdkdccnvo oe|acageıŔpıv' NhnÓgoznvyopnyo ocn PaŔkngp @nzcnp Ógoznvyopnyo# AgkavaÓgoznvyopnyo ocn PaŔkngp Ógoznvyopnyo# Ak`ngo|Ógoznvyopnyo ocn PaŔkngp @nzcnp Ľkpoyap Ógoznvyopnyo#Nhn Ógoznvyopnyo ocn Jnvhaga Ógoznvyopnyo#@~ec~}ıgav Ógoznvyopnyo ocn PaŔkngp Eacon Ngypopóyóavayıgà }vdpdkdccnv oe|acageıŔpıv'

1??0 ıcı faŔcavıgà# Ú|fnkúgnpoeogog# Ú|fnk vnloee~bacojcnvogog Póvkon( nnĔopoe húvng Ú|fnk

úĔvngiocnv ocn pneay bacog`ndc`~kcavı zn úĔvngiocnvogvnloe acnbpavı |obgonpcnnpoŔpovocencnvo dc~gà èafayavjnppokcnvo hnvnkènyocnóckneo|`nko úĔvngiocnvo}n`nv}n hnvo ènkeno`óŔóg`óĔó dc~gà oŔavnpcnvfncoveoŔpov'

@oĔnv pavajpag# Ú|fnknpkococnv ac`ıkcavı fov kavav ~avıgia#Ú|fnkoypag(à ENF(ia k~v~ce~Ŕ dcag coyncnv`n enzi~p Póvk eó`óvcnvogagıgà fovnv `n Ú|fnk eó`óv apaeıŔcav`ıv' F~ kavavahúvn# Ú|fnk eó`óvcnv úgnpoeog`ng# Póvk eó`óvcnvoyn nĔopoe }vdhvaecavıgıg óvópócenyog`ng ydv~ec~dcaiakcav`ıv'

V~ya Jn`nvaydg~(gàE~bpav I~eb~vonpcnv<Papavoypag I~eb~vonpo

"V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 9'> eocdggój~ya yabo} Papavoypag(ıg ó|úcèóeó :2'=== ke6#faŔkngpo Ka|ag(`ıv' Papavoypag(à gój~y~g .02(oPapav# .00(ó V~y(p~v' Papavoypag `ıŔıgà : eocdgiozavıgà Papav zav`ıv'

FaŔk~vòypag I~eb~vonpo"V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 9'9 eocdg

gój~ya yabo} FaŔk~vòypag(ıg ó|úcèóeó 109':==ke6# faŔkngpo ^ja(`ıv' Gój~y~g .60'9( FaŔk~vp# .0=(ı oyn V~y# kacagı Papav# È~zaŔ# zy'(òv'

È~zaŔoypag I~eb~vonpo "V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 1'9 eocdg

gój~ya yabo} È~zaŔoypag(ıg ó|úcèóeó 12'9== ke6#faŔkngpo Ènfdkyavı(`ıv' Gój~y~g .:2(o È~zaŔcav#.60'> V~ycav(àg dc~Ŕ~v'

_ak~poypag "Yaba Yovn/I~eb~vonpo "V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 1eocdg gój~ya yabo} _ak~poypag(ıg ó|úcèóeó9#1=='===ke6# faŔkngpo _ak~p(p~v' Gój~y~g .9:'2&o_ak~p "Yaba/# .>=(yo V~y# >'0(ó ^kvagacı# kacagı ènŔopco k~|n backcavı zn Póvk pd}c~c~kcavı`ıv'

P~za I~eb~vonpo"V~ya Jn`nvaydg~/ 9== fog gój~ya yabo}

P~za(gıg ó|úcèóeó 18='>==ke6# faŔkngpo Kı|ıc(`ıv'Gój~y~g .:='>(o P~za(cı# .9:'6(yo V~y# kacagı ^kvagacı zn ènŔopco Póvk hv~}cavı`ıv'@ogo Nyko Póvkògo zn F~ò|e(òv'

Hdvgd%Acpa I~eb~vonpo"V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 12= fog gój~yayabo} Hdvgd%Acpa(ıg ó|úcèóeó ?6':==

ke6#faŔkngpo Hded%Acpa( ıv' Gój~y~g .6?'6(yoAcpacı# .>(o Ka|ak# .:9'6(yo V~y(p~v'Kavaèa%Ènvkny I~eb~vonpo

@oagnp Zakj ıgia Húvnzcng ovocng Ĕvnpeng Yaıyı 51=Póvk @ógayıAvaŔpıveacavıZakj ıgia Húvnzcng ovocng úĔvnpeng Yaıyı Gdp< 66'=:'1??0 Pavobog`n pag|oe n oceoŔpov'

PÓVK IÊB^VĽ_NPCNVĽG@N HÚVNZCNG@ĽVĽCNGĽ@AVNIĽ ÚėVNPENG YA_OYO

"Pafcd 6/



1>0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Kavaèa%Ènvkny I~eb~vonpo "V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 0== fog gój~ya

yabo} Kavaèa%Ènvkny I~eb~vonpogog ó|úcèóeó10'1== ke6# faŔkngpo Ènvknyko(òv' Gój~y~g .98'>(ı Kavaèa# .1=(~ Ènvkny# .0=(ı V~y(p~v'

Kafavpa%Fackav I~eb~vonpo "V~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 8== fog gój~ya yabo}Kafavpa%Fackav I~eb~vonpogog ó|úcèóeó 16'>==ke6# faŔkngpo Gacèok(pov' Kafavpacav èdĔ~gc~kpa dc~}#Fackavcav gój~y~g .1=(~g~ pnŔkoc n`nvcnv' Kafavpacavzn Kavaèacav Póvk òcco Kı}èakcav`ıv'

, Ka|akoypag( ako Ógoznvyopncnv n Póvkèn úĔvnpoeog`nhúvnzco'

,, E'N'F'(gıg zn Póvkon @oagnp Zakjo oŔfovcoĔo ocn aèıcag#Ľcaboap zn ]n ahdlo coynyog n húvnzco'

,,, Kafavpa%Fackav( a Póvk èdi~kcavıgıg nĔopoeog`n húvnzco'

Gdp< 61 Kayıe 1??> Pavobo opofavocn

@aĔıypag I~eb~vonpoV~ya Jn`nvaydg~ga faĔcı/ 1'2== fog gój~ya

yabo} @aĔıypag I~eb~ovonpo(gog ó|úcèóeó >='9== ke6#faŔkngpo Eabaèkaca(òv' @aĔıypag I~eb~vonpog`n9=( ag ja|ca back hv~f~ aŔav' "Azavcav# Cn|hocnv#@avhocnv zf'/ F~gcavàg 16='=== iozavıgà K~e~kcav#Gdhacav zn A|nvocnv Póvkèn kdg~Ŕag pd}c~c~kcav`ıv'

"È~zaŔoypag/Eocco NĔopoe FakagcıĔıga faĔcı 1

Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoeEnvkn|o f~c~geakpa zn f~vaàKafavpa%Fackav(à Póvk èdi~kcavıgıgnĔopoeocn húvnzco 6 úĔvnpeng húvnz

a}eakpa`ıv' "Pafcd 9/V~ya(à kngò bnyafıga ókynk

pabyoc a}ag 1=== `dcaıgà úĔvngioúĔvngoe húvenkpnòv' F~g~g `ıŔıgàV~ya(à 6= `dcaıgà ú|nc Póvk Coynyojaaconp húypnvenkpnòv'

V~ya Jn`nvaydg~(gà"_ak~poypag# P~za Bakay# FaŔk~vòypag#È~zaŔoypag/ ú|nc k~v~e zn k~v~c~ŔcaviaaèıceıŔ pd}cae ? "2 dvpa úĔvnpoe%1ókynk úĔvnpoe/ dk~c f~c~geakpa`ıv'

Papavoypag(à à ? dvpa úĔvnpoe# 6ókynkúĔvnpoe dceak ó|nvn 11 dk~czav`ıv' "Pafcd >/

E'N'F' znvocnvogn húvn; V~yaJn`nvaydg~(gà 0 ú|nc k~v~e znk~v~c~Ŕcavia aèıceıŔ pd}cae 2 dk~czav`ıv zn f~gcavıg àĔıcıeı Ŕúcnòv<FaŔk~vòypag(à 0 dk~càko úĔvngioyaıyı 6=># úĔvnpeng yaıyı oyn 62(òv'F~vap(pa f~c~gag pnk dk~cà > úĔvnpenghúvnzco zn 1=1 úĔvngio ocn nĔopoeúĔvnpoe `nzae npenkpnòv' È~zaŔoypag zn

Bakay(pa à 1(nv dk~c f~c~geakpa#úĔvngio zn úĔvnpeng yaıcavı yıvayıca#?> úĔvngio# 11 úĔvnpengÈ~zaŔoypag(à; 18 úĔvngio zn 9úĔvnpeng Bakay(pa f~c~geakpa`ıv'È~zaŔoypag‟à f~c~gag PóvkonPóvkènyo NĔopoe Envkn|o‟g`n oyn ::úĔvngio zav ıv'

E'N'F' znvocnvog`n ogn~kavıàko vakaecavàg javkcı dcavakPapavoypag(à 11 `nĔoc# ? dk~chúvógenkpn zn f~ dk~ccavà 26:úĔvngiogog nĔopoe húv`óĔó kaıpcavàgagcaŔıceakpa`ıv' Húvnzco úĔvnpeng yaıyı oyn >2(òv' F~vaà f~c~gag 6 K~vyEnvkn|og`n ?6 k~vyonv nĔopoehúvenkpnòv' P~za zn _ak~poypag(à àc(nv dk~c zav`ıv' P~za(à húvnzcoúĔvnpeng yaıyı >(pov' F~vaà 88 úĔvngioocn nĔopoe

1??>%1??: ÚėVNPĽE _OCO ĽPĽFAVĽ_CN E'N'F' FAKAGCOėOGAFAėCO DCAVAK PÓVK IÊB^VĽ_NPCNVĽ ĽCN PÓVK ZN

AKVAFA PD]C^C^KCAVOG@A AÈOCAG DK^CCAVCAPÓVKĽ_N PÓVKÈNYĽ NėĽPĽE ÚėVNPĽE ENVKN\CNVĽGĽG

ÚėVNPENG# ÚėVNGIĽ ZN K^VYĽ_NVCNVĽG

YA_OYAC @AėOCOEOPafcd 9



1>>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

`nzae npenkpnòv' _ak~poypag( a oyn > úĔvnpeng 119úĔvngion nĔopoe znvenkpnòv"Pafcd :/'

Paiokoypag 1 Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoe

Envkn|o(gog ıŔıgà E'N'F'(ga faĔcı dk~c dkp~v' Ú|nck~v~e zn k~v~c~Ŕcavia Paiokoypag(ıg P~vy~g|a`n#Kdvhagpn}n# H~caf kngpcnvog`n fovnv zn @~Ŕagfn(`n fovoNkdgdeo Coynyo dceak ó|nvn oko# pd}cae > Póvk CoynyoaèıceıŔpıv' "Paiokoypag%ŗncacn A'ŗ' pavaj ıgàg/ F~dk~ccavà ú|nc yıgazca úĔvngio ka`nòcenkpn dc~}pn`voyap Póvkèn# Ľghoco|in# V~yèa zn Paiokèn dcavakyóv`óvócenkpnòv' F~ dk~ccavà pd}cae >66 úĔvngioúĔvngoe húvenkpn# 09 Póvk úĔvnpeng zn 6: PaiokúĔvnpeng húvnz a}eakpa`ıv' "Pafcd :/ Paiokoypag( abacng 1> ~vppaŔıeı| ógoznvyopn nĔopoeo húvenkpn dc~}#f~ úĔvngiocnvoeo|og ú|nc úĔvngiocokcnvo ENF(iapagıgeıŔpıv'

Kıvıe Papavcavı< Fabènyava Paekıvı kúóg`n aèıceıŔ ú|ncPóvk Coynyog`n 1== `dcaıgà úĔvngio úĔvngoehúvenkpnòv' Avıia Kıvıe(à @oagnp ĽŔcnvoFaŔkagcıĔı(ga faĔcı 1= @og Húvnzcoeo| f~c~geakpa`ıv'

Gabèızag I~eb~vonpo A|nvfaiag(a faĔcı`ıv'A|nvfaiag 1?'( a V~y oŔhacogn ~ĔvaeıŔ# 62 Eaıy1?12(`n faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag npeoŔ# 62 Goyag 1?6=(`nV~ycav pavaj ıgàg pnkvav oŔhac nòceoŔpov' 9= Ncóc1??1 pavobog`n Ydznpcnv FovcoĔogog àĔıceayıca

ngo`ng faĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ocag npeoŔpov' 6'9'1??9(png f~aga FovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv ónyoòv' @aĔcık KavafaĔ‟àinvnag n`ng oè yazaŔ yoayo oypokvavyı|cık# `nedkvayo zncofnvac nkdgdeon hnèen }dpagyonco òĔnv Dvpa AyaI~eb~vonpcnvog`ng àba ókynk dceayıga vaĔeng# f~dc~Ŕ~ea o|og znvenenkpnòv' A|nvfaiag backıgıg.26'8(yo A|nvo Póvkó# .>': V~y# .>': Nvengo# .:'6@òĔnv npgok hv~}cavàg "PacoŔ# Pap# Cn|ho# Kóvp# zy'''/dc~Ŕ~v'

A|nvfaiag# Póvkon ocn ng èdk fng|nvcokcnvnyabo} Póvk i~eb~vonpoòv'

A|nvfaiag( a fogayı Yaıg

I~eb~vfaŔkagıeı| pavaj ıgàg nĔopoe úĔvnpoenaèıceak ó|nvn ba|ıvcagag# 1 Póvk Aga`dc~ Coynyo zn 1Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoe Envkn|o ocn fovcokpnPóvk @nzcnpcnvog`nko E'N'F'(ga faĔcı dk~ccavıeı|ıgyaıyı 10(n# Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoeEnvkn|cnvo(gog yaıyı à >(n ~caŔeıŔpıv' "Pafcd 1/

Yú| kdg~y~ dk~ccavıeı|à# 61 oàvnio zn 21úĔvnpeng dceak ó|nvn# pd}cae 1=6 úĔvnpeng húvnza}eakpa ıv' "Pafcd 6/

A|nvfaiag(àko Fakó Póvk%Aga`dc~ Coynyo(g`n 6: húvnzco úĔvnpeng# 66=úĔvngio; Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoe

Envkn|o(g`n `n 9> úĔvngio zav`ı

v' "Pafcd 9/A|nvfaiag(à ú|nc k~v~c~Ŕcaviaaèıcag dk~c yaıyı 16 dvpa úĔvnpoe# 9 ókynk

úĔvnpoe dceak ó|nvn 1>(pov' "Pafcd >/ E'N'F'znvocnvog`n `n f~ óckn`n d%k~c yaıyı agı húvógenkpn# 16 dvpa úĔvnpoe k~v~e~gà úĔvngioyaıyı 1010# 9 ógoznvyopn`nko úĔvngio yaıyı à 2=>dcavak fncovpoceoŔpov' Dk~ccavà 190 úĔvnpeng zn 12úĔvnpoe ónyo f~c~geakpa`ıv' "Pafcd :/

Ka|akoypag 18 eocdg gój~ya yabo} Ka|akoypag(ıg

ó|úcèóeó 6'818'=== ke6# faŔkngpo Aceap

ı

(`ı

v'Gój~y a}ıyı .9?'8 Ka|ak Póvkó# .98'2 V~y# .>'2Aceag# .>'0 ^kvagacı# .6 Ú|fnk# .6 Papav#.11'9(ó òĔnv pd}c~c~kcavàg dc~Ŕ~v'

V~y oypocayı 12''(ıg dvpacavıgà faŔca ı'Ka|ak Y'Y' I~eb~vonpo 1?1?(à k~v~c`~'

Ka|akoypag 6> Nkoe 1??= hógó

A|nvfaiag 1??>%1??: ÚėVNPĽE _OCO ĽPĽFAVĽ_CN PÓVK IÊB^VĽ_NPCNVĽ ĽCN PÓVK ZN AKVAFA

PD]C^C^KCAVOG@A ZAKOJ ZN KAE _AVAVOGA ÈACOŗAG K^V^C^ŗCAVIA HÚVNZCNG@ĽVĽCNG ZN E'N'F' FAKAGCOėOGIA EAAŗCO Ľ\ĽGCĽ YA_OCAG

ÚėVNPENGCNVĽG YA_OYAC @AėOCOEO "Pafcd 0/

8 eocdg gój~ya yabo} A|nvfaiag(ıgó|úcèóeó 2:':== ke6# faŔkngpo Fakó(`óv'

Gdp< 61 Kayıe 1??> pavobo opofavocn



1>:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

nhnengcoĔogo# 1: Kayıe 1??1(`n `nfaĔıeyı|cıĔıgı ka|ageıŔpıv'

Ú|nc Dk~ccav<E'N'F'(gia aèıcag ock# dvpa zna ókynk úĔvnpoek~v~e~ f~c~geaeakpa`ıv' Ka|akoypag NĔopoeFakagcıĔı ocn oe|acagag E~pafakap |a}pı hnvnĔogin Póvkon pavaj ıgàg Ka|akoypag(à 0 dk~caèıceayı kavav acpıga acıgeıŔ dceayıga vaĔeng#Ka|akoypag Bókóenpo nv húypnvenòĔog`ng f~dk~ccav aèıcaeaeıŔpıv' E~pafakap |a}pıga húvn#}vdhvae zn kopa}cavı Ka|akoypag pavaj ı fncovcnnink# fogaı à Ka|akoypag pavaj ı pneogn`nink# `dgagıe zn òĔnv ho`nvcnv oyn Póvkonpavaj ıgàg kavŔıcagaiakpıv' Ka|ak NĔopoeFakagı L~vogdz# úgincokcn Aceapı zn Èoekngp(pn~h~g oko fogaı kıya yóvn`n pabyoy npennèacıŔaiaĔıgı fncovpeoŔpov' Bacng yú|kdg~y~E~pafakap |a}pı ~avıgia Aceapı

FóókncèocoĔoeo| NĔopoe EóŔazovcoĔo nevog`n okoúĔvnpeng dk~peag dcavakhúvnzcngòvoceoŔpov'

E~pafakap |a}pı ~avıgia aèıceayı úghúvócng Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe Envkn|o oèogKa|akoypag pavaj ı nv pnegog npeoŔ dc~}# fogaàhnvnkco paòcap zn `dgagıe èacıŔeacavı a}ıceakpa`ıv'

Ka|akoypag( a kngò oekagcavıcaókynk úĔvngoe húvng >== iozavıgà úĔvngioeo|f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~gcava ocaznpng kaıp `ıŔıgàkacag 6= iozavıgà úĔvngio `n f~c~geakpa`ıv'

Avı

ia Ka|akoypag Bókóenpo( g`ngf~vyc~ dcavak bacng 8 úĔvngioeo|úĔvngoecnvogo yóv`óvenkpnòv'

Fov Póvk ú|nc k~v~c~Ŕ~gia "ŗncacn A'ŗ'/Ka|akoypag(à aèıceıŔ f~c~gag 62 coyn ocn Póvk@ógayı AvaŔpıveacavı Zakj ı pavaj ıgàg aèıcag 9coyn zn 6 ógoznvyopn`n fovnv Póvk òco fúcóeójaaconp húypnvenkpnòv' F~ dk~ccavà húvnzco PóvkúĔvnpeng yaıyı 962 zn pd}cae úĔvngio yaıyı 9802(òv' "Pafcd :/

Abenp _nynzo ÓgoznvyopnyoPóvkon I~eb~vonpo ocn Ka|akoypagI~eb~vonpo avayıgà 91 Nkoe 1??6 pavobog`nAgkava(à oe|acagag P#I' Bókóenpo ocn K'I'

Bókóenpo avayıgà Póvkoypag Ŕnbvog`n ^c~ycavavayı Bdia Abenp _nynzo Póvk%Ka|ak Ógoznvyopnyo K~v~ceayıga @aov Agca Ŕea& PFEE

pavaj ıgàg dgacageıŔ zn óvóvcóĔn hoveoŔpov' Abenp _nynzo Ógoznvyopnyo : Ba|ovag

1??1 ıcıgà k~v~ce~Ŕp~v' ^c~ycavavayı ógoznvyopndceayı 1 Eaıy 1??6 ıcıgà Yaıg Yócneag@neovnc(og Póv%



1>8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVK IÊB^VĽ_NPCNVĽ ĽCN PÓVK ZN AKVAFA PD]C^C^KCAVOG@A ZAKOJ ZN KAE^ _AVAVOGA ÈACOŗAGK^VÊCAVIA AÈOCAG Ú\NC DK^CCAVCA K^VYENVKN\CNVĽGĽG ÚėVNPENG# ÚėVNGIĽ ZN K^VYĽ_NVCNVĽG YA_OYAC @AėOCOEO

,,61 Kayıe 1??> pavobo opofavocn

kon faŔfakagı dcavak Ka|akoypag(a a}pıĔı hn|o`n kavavcaŔpıvıceıŔpıv' 6:Goyag 1??9(pn Ógoznvyopn pó|óĔó ocn ochoco E~pafakap \a}pı oe|acageıŔpıv' 0 Eaıy 1??9(pn pó|óĔóg PFEE(in kaf~cóg`ng ydgva#I~eb~vfaŔkagcıĔıgia Eópnzncco Bnnp FaŔkagı apageıŔpıv' > Kayıe1??9(pn Eópnzncco Bnnp Óncnvogog Fakagcav K~v~c~ kavavıca paogogn

kavav znvoceoŔpov'Ógoznvyopngog _ngo Kacniok "Kae}~y/ ogŔaapı oèog Ka|akoypagI~eb~vonpo# Póvkoypag Ŕnbvog`n 1'>?9 bnkpav ava|ogog pabyoyogo a}eıŔ zn ogŔaap bı|ca `nzae npenkpnòv' Ncóc 1??:( a 19== apakcı apakbagnbo|enpn aèıcaiakpıv' _apakbagn Póvkoypag kngpogog `n obpoaiıgı kavŔıcaaiak Ŕnkoc`n dpnc dcavak }cagcageıŔpıv'

ÓgoznvyopngogK~v~ecaŔeayı Coyagyóypó nĔopoe zn ayoypagcık úgnpencoĔo#Aka`neok zn oàvo }nvydgnc apaea zn óivnpúgnpencoĔo#

Eópnzncco Bnnpog èacıŔea ~yûc zn nyaycavı úgnpencoĔo#Baviıvab úgnpencoĔo#Eaco `ngnpoe úgnpencoĔo#Ľbacn úgnpencoĔo#Ŕnkcog`n k~v~ecaŔeıŔpıv'

PnŔkocapcageayı Abenp _nynzoÓgoznvyopnyo; `úv`ó Póvkoypag Ŕnbvog`n# okoyoKngpaz Ŕnbvog`n# nòyo Èoekngp Ŕnbvog`n dceak

ó|nvn pd}cae dgóè jakócpn zn fovo Póvkoypag(à#`úv`ó Kngpaz(à zn okoyo Póckófay Ŕnbvog`ndceak ó|nvn `úvp ókynk dk~càg enàgahncenkpnòv' Avıia Agkava( a Ydyac FocoecnvNgypopóyó zn Aceapı(à Jng Focoecnvo Ngypopóyóf~c~geakpa`ıv'

Póvkoypag Ŕnbvog`nko jakócpn znókynkdk~ccav Ľkpoyap Jakócpnyo ŗavkoap Jakócpnyo

B~k~k Jakócpnyo Pavob%Jocdcdlo Jakócpnyo

Kngpaz Ŕnbvog`nko jakócpncnv … Pı} Jakócpnyo

… Nkdcdlo Jakócpnyo

Èoekngp Ŕnbvog jakócpncnv"]nàhdlo Ngypopóyó/

… Eapneapok Jakócpnyo Koea… Fodcdlo Jakócpnyo Pavob… Jakócpnyo ]nàhdlo Jakócpnyo… Eóbngòycok NĔopoe Jakócpnyo… Hó|nc Yagapcav Jakócpnyo

Póckófay‟àko ókynkdk~ccav



1>2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

_~kavı \ovao ĽŔcnpen zn P~vo|e Kdcnlo Póeng Kdcnl

Aceapı(àko Ngypopó Jng Focoecnvo NgypopóyóAgkava(àko Ngypopó Ydyac Focoecnv Ngypopóyó

Ógoznvyopngog úĔvnpoe húvnzcoyoka`vdy~

]vdjnyúv := koŔo @dèngp ?8 koŔo _v ' @dè' 0: koŔo Ayoypag%dk~peag 816 koŔo Pd}cae ?1> koŔo

Ógoznvyopnn Póvkon(gog Kapkıyı 1??9 ıcı fópèn kag~g~ ocn 1= eocav cova#… 1??0 ıcı fópèn kag~g~ ocn 19= eocav cova#

1??> ıcı fópèn kag~g~ ocn 0== eocav cova ú`ngnkznvoceoŔpov'

1??9 ıcı eaco kapkıcavı Eocco NĔopoeFakagcıĔıgia pabyoy nòcnvnk pnkgdcdlok nĔopoeeac|nencnvo yapıg acıgeıŔ zn 1??0 ıcı Eaıy aıgàEópnzncco Bnnp FaŔkagcıĔı pavaj ıgàg ynzkohnvènkcnŔpovoceoŔpov' 1??0 zn 1??> ıcı ú`ngnkcnvo `nEópnzncco Bnnp FaŔkagcıĔı pavaj ıgàg pabyoc nòcnvnk

Ógoznvyopn fópènyogn ~h~g dcavak k~ccagıceıŔpıv'F~g~g `ıŔıgà pd}cae 10? a`np fochoyaav# yapıg acea znfaĔıŔ dc~ ocn pneog nòceoŔ f~c~gag pd}cae >:= kdcokopa} húg`nvoceoŔpov' F~ pnenc nĔopoe eac|nencnvoagıgà jdpdkd}o eakogacavıgàg zo`nd kaenvacava#ydĔ~k eóbóv`ng y}dv eac|nencnvogn# Póvkon znKa|akoypag favakcavıgàg ógoznvyopn vd|npcnvogn# èdkú|nccokco id} }vogpnvcnv`ng ncnkpvdgok a|ı eakogacavıga#d}pok yiagnvcnv`ng pn}nhú|cnvn# jdpdkd}o kaĔıpcavıgàge~bpncoj kıvpayon eac|nencnvogn# ò}cdeafaykıcavıgàg pnyp inza} agabpavı faykıcavıga kaàvoyoecnvo zn eokpavcavı f~vaa a|ıcaeaaiak kaàv

e~bpncoj eac|nen vnkpúvcók pacnfo ocn Póvkon(`ngpneog nòco} Ógoznvyopnn húg`nvoceoŔpov'

Póvkon(`ng# ógoznvyopngog focho oŔcneenvkn|ogo hncoŔpovenk# fochoyaav k~ccagıeıeahıgcaŔpıveak# fochoyaavcavıg avavcı k~ccagıeı yaĔcaeak zn ogpnvgnp yoypneogog k~v~ceayı oèogèacıŔeacav a}eak ó|nvn fochoyaav kdg~y~gà 16nynvo f~c~gag ^|eag @dkpdv _acèıg Ú|kagógoznvyopnn húg`nvoceoŔpov' F~g~g `ıŔıgà oko}vdjnyúv# fov `dèngp zn oveo`úvp ayoypag%dk~peagfochoyaav nĔopoeo oèog húg`nvoceoŔpov'

ÚĔvnpoe òco Póvkon Póvkènyo zn Ka|akPóvkènyoòv' Ógoznvyopn`n# Ľghoco|in# V~yèa# bnv yıgıjpaPóvkon Póvkènyo# Póvkon Pavobo# Ka|akoypag Póvkènyo#Ka|akoypag Pavobo zn Abenp _nynzo(o pagıpea `nvycnvoznvocenkpnòv'

Ógoznvyopn(n faĔcı B~k~k# Nkdgdeo# ŗavkoap%Ľcaboap# @oc%Pavob#Pı}# Nkdcdlo# ]nàhdlo jakócpncnvojaaconpn hnèeoŔ zn pd}cae ?1> ÚĔvnpoe Húvnzcoyo# 86>=úĔvngio ocn nĔopoe úĔvnpoeogo yóv`óvenkpnòv' ":=]vdjnyúv# ?8 @dèngp# 0: _v`' @dè'# 816 Ayoypag%Dk~peag/' Ógoznvyopn(n Póvkon(`ng 68 úĔvnpoehúvnzcoyo húg`nvoceoŔpov' "6 ]vdjnyúv# 1 @dèngp# 60Ayoypag% Dk~peag/' Ógoznvyopneo|og Ogpnvgnp zn FochoĽŔcne Envkn|o `n f~c~geakpa`ıv' BacngÓgoznvyopneo|`n Póvkon( ng húg`nvocng 10? a`npfochoyaav zav`ıv' Fochoyaavcavıg ng ókynk ka}ayopncnk~ccagıceayı oèog yóvnkco bo|enp oèo nĔopoe

a}ıceakpa`ıv'Abenp _nynzo Ógoznvyopnyo fúchnn PZ

aıgı a}eak oèog ba|ıvcıkcavıgı paeaecaeıŔpıv' 1??:ıcı oèog`n f~ kdg~ hnvènkcnŔninkpov' NĔopoe ka`vdy~g~gPóvk @ógayı(gàg hncenyo zn Ógoznvyopn(gog Póvk@ógayı(gıg dvpak fov ógoznvyopnyo dcavak úvhópcngenyoúghúvócenkpnòv' Abenp _nynzo Ógoznvyopnyo Póvk@ógayı(gıg eagnzo úg`nvcoĔogo óypcngen zn Póvk@ógayı(gı focho pd}c~e~ga ~caŔpıveadc~gà ıv'

1??0%1??> ıcıgà jaaconpn faŔcaagógoznvyopnn ock ıc óckneo|`ng ènŔopco àccavà 1==

úĔvngio kdgpnglagı pagıgeıŔpıv' F~ kdgpnglagıg >=(yok~ccagıceıŔpıv' Póvkon(`ng húg`nvocng 1:> úĔvngioènŔopco fúcóecnv`n dk~eakpa`ıv' Ógoznvyopngog pd}cae :=eocdg `dcavcık kae}~y ogŔaapıgıg 1= eocdg `dcavcık fúcóeógóg pnenco Yaıg I~eb~vfaŔkagıeı|ıgKa|akoypag(a |oavnpo yıvayıgà apıceıŔpıv'

Avıia P'I' zn K'I' ógoznvyopncnvo avayıgà}vdpdkdccnv oe|acageıŔpıv' Agkava Ógoznvyopnyo 1??1ıcıgà Ka|akoypag Afa Ka|ak @nzcnp ]nàhdloÓgoznvyopnyo ocn# 1??6 ıcıgà Dvpa Aya AvaŔpıveacavı Ineonpo ocn# 1??9 ıcıgà Ac%Javafo @nzcnpÓgoznvyopnyo zn Aceapı ]nàhdlo _afagiı @occnvÓgoznvyopnyo ocn oŔfovcoĔo }vdpdkdccnvo oe|acaeıŔpıv'

Ógoznvyopneo|`n dvpak Póvkcók focogio#Póvkon(n kavŔı ynzho zn kúkcnvn faĔcıcık kdg~y~gàúĔvngiocnvo focogèco bacn hnpovenk ó|nvn Ŕ~ `nvycnvznvocenkpnòv<

Póvkon Póvkènyo Fópóg jakócpncnv`n fovogio yıgıj# ba|ıvcık yıgıj ı

dcavak `nĔnvcngòvocenkpn zn fov yúenypvo ya`ninPóvkon Póvkènyo úĔvnpocenkpnòv' Póvkon



1>?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Póvkènyo(gog àba kdca úĔvnpocenyo aeaiıca fov kopa}ba|ıvcageıŔ zn ógoznvyopnn húg`nvoceoŔpov' BacngPóvkon(`ng húvnzcngòvocng dg Póvkèn úĔvnpengo ocnÓgoznvyopneo|og Póvk @oco zn N`nfoapı Fúcóeóen|~gcavıgàg Póvkon(`n a}ıcag k~vycavca à

npoŔpovocnvnk húvnzcngòvoceoŔ fnŔ úĔvnpeng dceak ó|nvnpd}cae dgfnŔ úĔvnpeng Póvkon Póvkènyo `nvyoznvenkpnòv'

Abenp _nynzo Pagı Fópóg jakócpncnv`n; Ľycae ògogo Abenp

_nynzo Ba|vnpcnvo zn pako}èocnvogog bo|enpcnvogoagcapag f~ `nvy dk~p~ceakpa`ıv' F~vaà bdŔhúvó znynzho nyaycavıga àacı Póvk EóycóeagcıĔı agcapıceakpa`ıv' Bacng Póvkon(`ng húvnzcngòvoceoŔ acpı úĔvnpeng f~ nvyo dk~peakpa`ıv'

Pavob `nvyo Aga bapcavıca Póvk pavobogog agcapıc`ıĔı pavob

`nvyo ocn dvpak pavob focogio hncoŔpovocennèacıŔıceakpa`ıv' Póvkon(`ng húg`nvoceoŔ dcag óèúĔvnpeng f~ `nvyo znvenkpnòv' Ógoznvyopneo|`nPóvkon(`ng húg`nvoceoŔ dcag 10? a`np fochoyaavf~c~geakpa# fochoyaavcavıg k~ccagıe ka}ayopnyogogavpıvıceayı oèog `n yóvnkco bo|enp oèo nĔopoea}ıceakpa`ıv' Ógoznvyopneo|o fópóg Póvk @ógayı(gıgFochoyaav NĔopoe Envkn|o bacogn hnpovenk bn`njodc~gà èacıŔıceakpa`ıv' Ľgpnvgnpn `n faĔcageıŔ dcagógoznvyopneo|og# fúchnn PZ aıgı a}eayı oèogba|ıvcıkcav paeaecageıŔ# f~ ıc oènvoyog`n f~ kdg~hnvènkcnŔkovocninkpov'

_~kavıà à `nĔogocòĔo ó|nvn E'N'F'pavavıgàg aèıcag dk~ccavıg yaıyı 6 ockúĔvnpoe# 16dvpaúĔvnpoe zn > Póvkèn úĔvnpoe Envkn|o dceak ó|nvn1?(a ~caŔpı' F~ 10 dk~cà pd}cae 6==1 úĔvngio nĔopoeúĔvnpoeogo yóv`óvenkpn# > Póvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoeEnvkn|og`n oyn 09: úĔvngio nĔopoe húvenkpnòv' Dk~czn Envkn|cnv`nko úĔvnpeng yaıyı à 120(póv' "Pafcd 9/

ŗ ovknp zn Zak ı jcav pavaj ıgàg aèıcag dk~cyaıyı oyn 1 ĽckúĔvnpoe# 16: dvpaúĔvnpoe# 19_ókynkúĔvnpoe zn 1 Póvkèn ÚĔvngoe Envkn|o"Envkn|/ dceak ó|nvn 101 dc`~' "Pafcd >/

Dk~c aèıcag óckncnv avayıgà Ka|akoypag 99

dk~c ocn fovogio yıvaà nv acıvkng# 6= dk~c ocnÚ|fnkoypag okogio# 1>(nv dk~cca à A|nvfaiag znPapavoypag óèógió yıvaà f~c~g~dv'

Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`nAèıcag Dk~ccavca ochoco KavŔıcaŔıcagFa|ı ]vdfcnecnvzn Èú|óe Úgnvocnvo

]vdfcne 1' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`naèıceı Ŕ dcag dk~ccav ıeı |ıg `dgap ıe# n Ĕ opoe avaè%hnvnè# }nvydgnc# fóvd eac|nencnvo# `nvy kopa}cav ı #ú Ĕ vnpoe }vdhvaecav ı ocn ú`ngnkcnvo zn dk~ccav ıgdgav ıecav ı ocn ochoco ho`nvcnvogog pneogog`n

}vdfcnecnvcn kav Ŕıca Ŕıceayı' Èú|óe 1' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`nko

dk~ccavıeı|ıg `dgapıceayıgà zn nĔopoe avaè%hnvnècnvogog pneogog`n# enyajngog ~|ak dc~Ŕ~ znkavadc~ hózngcoĔogog dceaıŔı gn`ngocn fóókhóècókcnvcn kavŔıcaŔıceakpa`ıv' F~ dk~ccavıg yaĔcıkcı fova}ıa kaz~Ŕp~v~ceayıgà |av~vnp zav`ıv' F~dk~ccavıeı|ıg úvgnk fov nĔopoe úĔvnpoe a}afocenyooèog hngnc fópèn`ng# PĽKA(àg# Jdg(àg pneognòcnink ú`ngnkcnvcn# eóekóg dcag }nvydgnc# avaè%hnvnè# `dgapıe# fóvd eac|nencnvo# `nvy kopa}cavı#úĔvnpoe }vdhvaecavı ocn ú`ngnkcnvo zn dk~ccavıg

dgavıecavı ocn ochoco obpoaècavıgıg eabaccng pneogognoekag yaĔcageacı`ıv' Eabaccng pneogo eóekógdceaagcavıg à húg`nven oŔcnvog`n fóvdkvapoknghnccnv kac`ıvıceacı zn f~ nŔacavıg óivnpyo|húg`nvocenyo yaĔcageacı`ıv'

Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`nko dk~ccavıeı|ıgúĔvngio ka}ayopnyo úgin`ng fncovcngenco zn a}ıcaiakpnkcoj hnvnĔogin kopa}cav ENF _aıecav @aovnyo(ginhúg`nvocencoòv' F~ dk~ccavıg faĔcı f~c~g`~kcavı Hngnc Eó`óvcókcnvog# dk~ccavı fo||ap nvog`n húvnvnkobpoaècavıgı fncovcnencnvo ~h~g dcaiakpıv'

]vdfcne 6' _~vp ` ı Ŕıgà húvnzco

ú Ĕ vnpengcnvoeo| oèog pnyfop nòcng >== AF@ `dcav ı

eaa Ŕıg npnvyo| dceayı' Èú|óe 6' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`n

húvnzcngòvocng úĔvnpeng zn oàvniocnvn aà >==AF@ @dcavı ú`ngenkpnòv' F~ eokpavıg bnv ıcngo`ng pnyfop nòcninĔo }vdpdkdccn fncovcngeoŔpov'1??0 eaco ıcı oèog úĔvnpengcnvn 19==# Ľàvniocnvn1>== AF@ @dcavı ú`ngenyo dc~gà "F~ óckncnv`nkobı|cı ngjcaydg zn }ava fovoeo `nĔoŔokcokcnvo gn`ngocn/E'N'FakagcıĔı(gia Eacon FakagcıĔı(ga fov pnkcoj y~g~ce~Ŕp~v' Bo|enpog znvoeco fov Ŕnkoc`nóvópócnfocenyo oèog f~ pnkcojog hnvènkcnŔpovocenyo èdknvog`n dcaiakpıv' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(g`n aèıcagdk~ccavıeı|à# húvnz a}aiak úĔvnpengcnvoeo| oynPacoe zn Pnvfon K~v~c~ FaŔkagcıĔı(gia ba|ıvcagagúgnvhnn ~h~g dcavak ynèocencoòv'

Azv~}a(à húvnzcngòvocngúĔvnpengcnvoeo| aà dvpacaea 10== @dcav iozavıgàóivnp acıvkng# Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(g`nhúvnzcngòvòĔoeo| úĔvnpengcnvn# fovogio ıc aà >==@dcav# f~ ıc oyn :>= @dcav dcavak a}ıcag ú`nenPayavv~j Pn`fovcnvog`ng úgin `n# hngnccokcn óè aà fçva}ıceakpa`ıv' F~ javkcı ~h~caea úĔvnpengcnv



1:=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

avayıgà yıkıgpıcava ynfn} dceakpa zn f~ dk~ccavıeı|ıgúĔvnpeng obpoaiı kavŔıcagaeaeakpa`ıv' Dya ko# V~yaJn`nvaydg~ ocn Póvk I~ebe~vonpcnvo(g`n húvnz a}ag@ıŔoŔcnvo FakagcıĔı engy~}cavıgàg 2' `nvnin`ng fov oàvoene~va aà 6962# yú|cnŔenco dcavak èacıŔag ynkvnpnvn10>=# Ŕdjúv# aŔèı zn bo|enpèon oyn 16== @dcav óivnp

ú`ngenkpnòv' F~ javkcı ~h~caea io`ò fd~pcavà fovb~|~vy~|c~Ĕa ynfn} dceakpa`ıv'

F~ fóók }vdlngog faŔavıa ~caŔafocenyo#úĔvnpeng pneogog`nko hóècókcnvog dvpaàgkac`ıvıceayı# húg`nvocng úĔvnpengcnvog óckneo|n hnvo`úgenencnvo zn dk~ccavıeı|ıg ka}ageayıgıgnghnccngenyo oèog# Eacon FakagcıĔı(gıg f~úĔvnpengcnvn 19==# úgnpoiocnvn 1>== @dcav ú`ngenyodc~gàko ENF(gog pacnfogn dc~ec~ fakeayı zna f~óckncnvn húg`nvocng úĔvnpengcnvog `n&Fakagcıkcavavayı Dvpak Kócpóv Kdeoydg~(eavojnpocn ynèocnvnk óivnpcnvogog f~ga húvn ú`ngenyo

~h~g dcaiakpıv']vdfcne 9' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`nhúvnzco ú Ĕ vnpengcnvoeo|og nz f~ceakpa |dvc~k ènkencnvo'

Èú|óe 9' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(g`nhúvnzcngòvocng úĔvnpengcnvoeo| nz f~ceakpa fóók|dvc~kcavca kavŔıcaŔeakpa`ıvcav' HúvnzcoúĔvnpengcnvoeo|n nz pneogo b~y~y~gà eabaccoeakaecavıg av`ıeiı dceacavı oèog# ochoco óckncnvogFóókncèocokcnvogn f~ kdg~à fov a|ı a|ıceayı# f~ydv~ga èú|óe hnpovnfocov'

]vdfcne 0' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`n dk~c

aèavkng hnvnkco úg ogincnen zn `n Ĕ nvcngòvengog io`òfd~pcavà a}ıcea` ı Ĕ ı kagaapogo pa Ŕı dv~|' Av ıia# f~`nzcnpcnv`n afagiı òc`n n Ĕ opoe a}ag Aga`dc~

Coyncnvogog aèıceayı # f~ }vdlngog aeaiıga pnvy`ó Ŕenkpnòv'

Èú|óe 0' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(g`n aèıcagdk~ccavıeı|ıg# }nvydgnc# avaè%hnvnè# `dgagıe# fóvdeac|nencnvo# `nvy kopa}cavı# úĔvnpoe }vdhvaecavı ocnú`ngnkcnvo zn dk~ccavıg dgavıecavı ocn ochoco obpoaècavı enzi~p okng ngo dk~ccav aèea nvogn Póvk @ógayı avayıgà# kú}vó dcaiak dcag hó|nc òcoeo|o úĔvnpenk oèogPóvkon Póvkènyo NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoe Envkn|cnvogog# f~`nzcnpcnv`n ahıgcaŔpıvıceayı# |av~vo `~v~ecavà oynio`ò fov ogincnen`ng ydgva# fóók kngpenvkn|cnvog`n# Aga`dc~ Coyncnvo nvogn Póvkèn NĔopoeznvng zn úvgnk dcaiak ú|nccokcnvo paŔıag coyncnvogaèıceayı àga nvog`n dcaiakpıv' Èógkó }vdlngogaeaiı f~vacavà Ľghoco|in úĔvnpenk dceaeacı; f~óckncnv`n Póvk @ocogo zn Póvk Kócpóvógó pagıpeak#Póvk @ógayıgà oŔfovcoĔogo zn kagaŔeaı yaĔcaeak#

8= ıc`ıv nyavnp acpıgà kacag kav`nŔ óckncnvn#obpoaècavı dcag zayıjcı ogyag hóiógó npoŔpovenkdceacı`ıv'

Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo(gn úgncokbo|enpcnvog akyaeaeayı zn popo|cokcn nvogn hnpovocenyooèog I~eb~vfaŔkagcıĔı FaŔàgıŔeagcıĔı# FaŔfakagcık#

_ÚK# PĽKA zn PÚENV FaŔkagcıkcavı ocn @ıŔoŔcnvo#Eacon zn Eocco NĔopoe Fakagcıkcavı avayıgàkddvògno yaĔcaaiak# npkocnvcn `dgapıceıŔ fov&Kddvògaydg Fovoeo‟gog k~v~ceayı hnvnkenkpnòv'

Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`ngÓckneo|n Hncng ÚĔvngiocnvogKavŔıcaŔpıkcavı Fa|ı ]vdfcnecnv<ÚĔvngiocnvog ynèoeo

DvpaúĔvngoe úĔvngiocnvogog ynèoeo ochoco`nzcnpcnvin a}ıcıvkng# úĔvngiocnvog ynèoeog`n hnvnkco

Ŕavpcav avageaeayı#Coyagy# ókynkcoyagy zn `dkpdva úĔvngoeo oèoghúg`nvocng úĔvngiocnv avayıgà _ÚK pavaj ıgàgynèocenng úĔvngiocnvog f~c~geayı#

ÚĔvngiocnvog yaĔcık va}dv~ aceaàg hncencnvohofo ydv~gcav ock aŔaeaà kavŔıcaŔıcagcav`ıv'

F~ ydv~gcavıg èú|óeóg`n# húg`nvocngúĔvngiocnv avayıgà hnvnkco Ŕavpcavı paŔıeaag znkdgpnglag `ıŔı hncng úĔvngiocnvog dceaeayı oèog#kdgpnglag `ıŔı úĔvngio kaf~c nòcenenyo#

Coyagy# ókynkcoyagy zn `dkpdvaúĔvngiocnvogog knyogcokcn _ÚK pavaj ıgàg ynèocngcnv`ngdceayı# _ÚK pavaj ıgàg ynèocenng úĔvngiocnvogókynkúĔvnpoe k~v~ecavıga kaf~c nòcenenyo#

Óckncnvog`n yaĔcık kdgpvdccnvog`nghnèovocencnvo zn yaĔcık va}dvcavı ocn fovcokpn hncencnvohnvnkenkpnòv'

Dk~ccava nvcnŔpoven`nko}vdhvaeyı|cık Ú|nccokcn ókynkúĔvngoe k~v~ecavıga

nvcnŔpoven oŔcnecnvo a}ıcıvkng# óckncnvogog obpoaè`~`~kcavı acagcav# úĔvngiocnvog àba úginko dk~ccavı znoypnòkcnvo fúcóecnvog òkkapn acıgeaeayı;

úĔvngiocnvog yık yık }vdhvae `nĔoŔokcoĔo oypnkcnvog`nf~c~geacavıga gn`ng dceakpa`ıv' F~ `~v~e# úĔvngiocnvogf~vy zn bavècıkcavıgıg ú`ngenyog`n# ~vp zn}agyodgcava nvcnŔpovocencnvog`n hniokencnvn zneaĔ`~vonpcnvn dc aèpıĔı hofo# koeo úĔvngiocnv `núĔvngoecnvogo agà fıvakavak óckncnvogn`úgenkpnòvcnv'



1:1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F~ ydv~g; úĔvngiocnvog# úgincokco dcavakóckncnvogog hnvnkcocok ~`~Ĕ~ zn oypnòkcnvo fúcóecnvnoekægcav úcèóyóg`n nvcnŔpovocencnvocn èú|ócnfocov'Agiak òĔnv pavajpag# úĔvngiocnv fov }vdhvaea zn dk~canvcnŔpovocòkpng ydgva oyn `nĔoŔokcok a}ıceaeayıga

òkkap nòcencoòv'F~vy zn bavècıkcavıg npnvyo|coĔoÚĔvngiocnvog kavŔı kavŔıa f~c~g`~Ĕ~ ng

fóók }vdfcne# f~vy zn bavècıkcavıg npnvyo|coĔoòv'F~ ydv~g~g èú|óeó oèog# úĔvngiocnvn znvocng

f~vy zn bavècıkcavıg aiocng avpıvıceayı hnvnkenkpnòv'ÚĔvngiocnvog ock hncòĔo ıc obpoaècavıgı kavŔıcaeaanpng acık f~vycavı# f~hóg oèog ya`nin fov úĔógnenk obpoaècavıgı kavŔıcav bacn hnceoŔpov' F~hóg9'==='=== PC dcag acık f~vy~g npnvyo|coĔo#úĔvngiocnvo nk }ava avaea dccavıga úgncpenkpn# f~oekagı f~cagcav `nvycnvogo akyapeakpa# f~caeaagcav oyn

yıkıgpıcı fov baap yóvenkpnòv'@oĔnv pavajpag# f~vycavıg |aeagıgà

úĔvngiocnvn ú`ngenenyo `n úgneco fov }vdfcneòv' F~kdg~à à hnvnkco ú|ngog húypnvocnvnk# f~vycavıg|aeagıgà ú`ngenyo úgnecoòv'

@agıŔeagcık bo|enpo znvninkk~v~ecavıg a|cıĔı zn npnvyo|coĔoNĔopoe k~v~ecavıga zn ~vpcava nvcnŔpovocng

úĔvngiocnvcn `dĔv~àg ochocngnink zn ydv~gcavıgaèú|óe avaaiak# hnpovnink k~v~ecavıg npnvyo|coĔo'

ÚĔvngiocnvog faŔavıcı dcafocencnvo oèognvcnŔpovocòkcnvo k~v~e úgnpoiocnvo# úĔvnpengcnvo znúĔvngio pneyociocnvo ocn vnbfnvcok envkn|cnvo~|eagcavıgia io`ò fov Ŕnkoc`n o|cngenyo znfaŔavıyı|cıĔa ynfn} dcag ~~ey~|c~kcavıgıg pncajoyo oèoghnvnkco pn`fovcnvog acıgeayı hnvnkenkpnòv' F~g~gagıgà# ú|nccokcn úĔvngiocnvog dĔ~g dcavakf~c~g`~kcavı dk~ccavà zn ~vpcavà# ya`nin f~úĔvngiocnvn bo|enp znvenk ó|nvn vnbfnvcok envkn|cnvok~v~ceacı`ıv' Agı Ŕnkoc`n# úĔvngiocnvog dĔ~g dcavakf~c~g`~kcavı kngpcnv`n `n# f~ vnbfnvcok envkn|cnvocnfnvafnv fópóg úĔvngiocnvo fov èapı acpıgà pd}caaiakk~v~ecaŔeacava hoòcenco zn dvpak ydv~gcav dvpaakdgavak èú|óe avageacı`ıv'

ÈnŔopco gn`ngcnvcn ocoŔokcnvoknyocng úĔvngiocnvcn ochocngoceodv@nvycnvog`n faŔavıyı|# `nzaeyı| zn ~vp

k~vaccavıga ~~e húypnvenng úĔvngiocnvogPÚENV( ng# ~vppag# ógoznvyopncnv`ng zn dk~ccavàgocoŔokcnvo knyocenkpnòv' Agiak# f~ úĔvngiocnvog gnvn`nkac`ıkcavı zn gn a}pıkcavı focogenenkpnòv'

ÈnŔopco gn`ngcnvcn faŔavıyı|cıkcavıgàg `dcaı faĔcı f~c~g`~kcavı nĔopoe k~v~ecavıgàg ocoŔokcnvoknyocng úĔvngiocnv# óckncnvogn hnvo húg`nvocencnvo oèog

pako} nòcenco# ochoco `nzcnpog fóókncèocokcnvo znúĔvngio pneyociocnvocn oŔfovcoĔo a}ıceacı`ıv'

Nzco zn `dĔ~e a}ag faagcavydv~g~

_ókynkúĔvnpoe k~v~ecavı

ga nvcnŔpovocng zn~vpcavà kacag nzco zn `dĔ~e a}ag faagúĔvngiocnv# ~vp Ŕavpcavıga ~h~g dcea`ıĔı oèog~vpcavàg èıkavıceakpa zn f~ úĔvngiocnvog gnvn`n zngayıc favıg`ıkpag focogenenkpnòv'

F~ úĔvngiocnv oèog ~h~g favıgea oekagı yaĔcageacı znab~p à f~ úĔvngiocnvn obpoaècavıgı kavŔıcaaiak ~h~g ú`nen a}ıceacı`ıv' Akyopakòv`n# f~ `~v~eàko úĔvngiocnvog hnpovocenenyoàba `dĔv~ dcaiakpıv'

Póvkon Póvkènyogo npnvco Ŕnkoc`nkdg~Ŕaeaeacavı

PÚENV(`n fov ıc Póvkon Póvkènyo úĔvngngúĔvngiocnvog# Póvkon Póvkèncnvogog npnvco dcea`ıĔı# f~fakıeàg à nvcnŔpovocòkcnvo }vdhvaecavà faŔavıcı dcaea`ıkcavı húvócenkpnòv'

ÚĔvngiocnvog Póvkèno# nvcnŔpokcnvo}vdhvaecavı pako} n`nfocnink ynzon`n úĔvngencnvo oèog#PÚENV(`n àba dĔ~g zn fúcóecnvogn ~h~g fov}vdhvaea pafo p~p~ceacavı hnvnkcoòv' ÚĔvngiocnvn#óckncnvog`n Póvkon Póvkènyo úĔvnpnvnk hnpovengogdccavı à ngngencoòv'

ÚĔvngio pneyociocnvogog ypapóyó

ÚĔvngiocnvogog ydv~gcavıca àba akıgàgochocngenk ó|nvn Eocco NĔopoe FakagcıĔı fógnyog`nhúvnz a}ag FaĔıeyı| fnŔ I~eb~vonpog úĔvngiopneyociocnvogog npnvyo|coĔo zn óckncnvog`nko yoayı kdgpvdc enkago|eayıgı Póvkon(n paŔıea èafacavıgıgavappıĔı ydv~gcav'

Póvkon(n hncng úĔvngiocnvog bnvbagho fovfaykı zn yoayo kdgpvdc`ng ~|ak dk~afocencnvo oèog# f~úĔvngiocnv ó|nvog`nko `ngnpoeog Póvkoneakaecavıgia a}ıceayı àba `dĔv~ dcaiakpıv' EoccoNĔopoe FakagcıĔı fógnyog`n dc~Ŕp~v~cag ÚĔvngioPneyociocokcnvogog `n# bnv óckngog kngò fóókncèocoĔo

fógnyogn paŔı

geayı

eóekóg`óv' Fúcnin óckncnv#kngò úĔvngiocnvogog ydv~gcavıca akıgàg ochocngenn`nzae n`ninfocninkcnv# agiak avp gonpco `ngnpoecnvgoy}npng nghnccngeoŔ dcaiakpıv'

@oĔnv pavajpag# bacng ~h~caeayı yóvng EoccoNĔopoe FakagcıĔı fógnyog`nko úĔvngiopneyociocokcnvo# faĔıeyı| `nzcnpcnvcn yıgıvcı dc`~Ĕ~ oèog#e~bpav zn òĔnv Póvk Pd}c~c~kcavı ocn akvafapd}c~c~kcavàg hncng úĔvngiocnv fúcn fov bo|enppngeabv~e kaceakpa`ıvcav'



1:6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Kdg~ca ochoco èdk faŔcıcık znkddv ogaydg npnvyo|coĔo Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo ocn Póvk zn Akvafa

Pd}c~c~kcavıgàg hncng úĔvngiocnvcn ochoco yıgıvcı ydv~ec~fov`ng ja|ca k~v~e~g f~c~geayı zn f~gcav avayıgà

kddvògaydg~g f~c~geaeayı

ènŔopco akyakcı

kcava dcaèeakpa`ıv' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvog`n aèıcag dk~ccavàdc`~Ĕ~ hofo kdg~ca ochoco k~v~c~Ŕcav avayıgàI~eb~vfaŔkagcıĔı FaŔàgıŔeagcıĔı# FaŔfakagcık# _ÚK#PĽKA zn PÚENV FaŔkagcıkcavı ocn @ıŔoŔcnvo# Eacon znEocco NĔopoe Fakagcıkcavı f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~ k~v~ecavavayıgàko

kddvògaydg~g yaĔcageayı zn npko kavhaŔayıgıg ydganvòvocenyo yaĔcageacı`ıv'

Vnbfnv Aocn ]vdlnyo_ahıgcaŔpıvıceacı Fov yóvnòv ~h~cagag Vnbfnv Aocn ]vdlnyo#

backı

eı

|ca úĔvngiocnvog kagaŔeayı

gı

yaĔcaeakpa`ı

v'ÚĔvngiocnvog kngòcnvogo yıiak fov aocn dvpaeıgàboyynpencnvo zn ènŔopco ydv~gcavıgı f~ dcca èú|encnvogo `nyaĔcaag }vdlngog hngoŔcnpocnvnk `nzae nppovocenyohnvnkcoòv'

KA_GAKCAV

1' E'N'F(gıg 1??>%1??: Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo …… 6' P'I' Eocco NĔopoe FakagcıĔı _~vp @ıŔı NĔopoe ÚĔvnpoeHngnc Eó`óvcóĔó(góg ba|ıvca`ıĔı &Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo zn PóvkPd}c~c~kcavıga úgncok ba|ıvcaeıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ 1??9%1??0 va}dv~' 9' P'I' @ıŔoŔcnvo FakagcıĔı PĽKA AZVAY_A @DY_AYO

DgfnŔ Hógcók Fócpngo# Yaı<00# Kayıe ?>1'0' Póvk I~eb~vonpcnvo zn Póvk Pd}c~c~kcavı ocn ochoco@ıŔoŔcnvo FakagcıĔı Ľypapoypokcnvo'>' Fóókncèocokcnvoeo|og znveoŔ dc`~Ĕ~ a|ıcı fochocnv'



1:9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

KAE^D_^ ZN KĽPCNĽCNPĽŗĽE AVAÈCAVO

@dè' @v' Dvbag HÚKÈN

O' HĽVĽŗ Kae~d~ avaŔpıveacavıgıg ydyac

aŔagpıeı|à úgne ka|ageayı zn ú|nccokcn yoayo}avpocnvog kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavıgı yoayo ocnpoŔoe avaiı dcavak knŔjnpencnvo ydg~i~ kae~d~ kazvaeı ocn kopcnocnpoŔoe avayıgàko ocoŔko zn npkocnŔoe pavpıŔıceaafaŔcag`ı'

Aycıgà kae~d~ zn kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı avayıgàko ocoŔko ~|~g ıccavàg fnvo ydyac focoecnvoghóg`neog`n kaceaı faŔavag ng`nv kdg~cavàgfovoòv' Nco|afnpb Gdnccn%Gn~eagg(ıg avpık kcayokcnŔng&Y~yk~gc~k Yaveacı& pn|ogo hncoŔpovòĔo èacıŔeayıca fovagà ydyac focoecnvog ocho dàĔı bacogn hncng kdg~#hógóeó|`n `n hóginccoĔogo kdv~eakpa`ıv' Agiak kdg~ocn ochoco úgn yóvócng húvóŔ zn kagaapcnv bngó| fovgdkpaà f~c~Ŕe~Ŕ `nĔocòv' ^|~g yóvn `n ~|caŔeayaĔcagaiaĔa fng|nenenkpnòv'

Fo| `n f~vaà f~ dc~ `ngnennhopenninĔo|' Èógkó fúcn fov hovoŔoe# kdg~g~g foveakacn`n ogincngnennink zn fov eakacnnyıkıŔpıvıcaeaaiak kaàv ka}yaecı dceayı gn`ngocnàba faŔpag faŔavıyı|cıkca ydg~ècagaiakpıv' F~ hnvènĔohú| úgóg`n f~c~g`~vavak# aeaiıeı|ı úgincokcnkdg~a aèıkcık ka|ag`ıveak oèog kóèók fov kapkı hovoŔoeo dcavak fncovcnòk'

OO' Kae~d~ Kazvaeıgıg Agcae zn Ka}yaeı Kae~d~# }dcopoka focoeiocnvogog#

ydydcdhcavıg zn ydyac }yokdcdhcavıg ó|nvog`n úgnecn

`~v`~kcavı kdg~cavàg fovoòv' Kae~d~ kazvaeıgàgnyko`ng fnvo yú| nòcenkpn oyn `n; kazvaeıg aèıkèajdveócn nòcoŔo 12' ó|ıcà hnvènkcnŔeoŔ zn 1?'ó|ıcà yoypneco fov foèoe`n ogincngennfaŔcaeıŔpıv"c/'

Agiak kae~d~g~g kazvae dcavakpagıecageayıgà fov ~|caŔea yaĔcagafocòĔo `nyúcngnen|' Úcn ko f~ kazvae aèıkcaeayı hnvnkco dcagkazvaecav coypnyogog ock yıvayıgà nv aceakpa`ıv' F~gavaĔeng# fov èdk jocd|dj# pavobèo# yoaynp focoeio# ydydcdhzn ocnpoŔoe focoeioyo f~ kazvaeıg kngò húvóŔ aèıcavıgapagıecaea hovoŔoeog`n f~c~ge~Ŕp~v' F~ gn`ngcn#

dc`~kèa ja|ca pagıe ocn kavŔı kavŔıa f~c~geakpaı|'F~gà oyn akcaŔıecav zn ochocnv úgneco vdcdgaeakpa ıv' Kae~d~ kazvaeıgı pagıecaeaèafacavıgı hngnc dcavak Ŕ~ oko hv~}pa fov avaapd}caafocovo|<

"1/ ]dcopoka focoeo aèıyıgàg kae~d~ pagıeı "6/ @oĔnv ydyac focoecnv aèıyıgàg kae~d~

pagıeı

Yncè~k Ógoznvyopnyo ĽĽ FJ Ú Ĕ vnpoe Ónyo



1:0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

]dcopoka focoeiocnv aèıyıgàg kae~d~#`nzcnpog óè dvhagıgıg "_ayaea# _óvópen# _avhı/àzvagıŔıgı fncovcnng a à kagaap úg`nvcnvopavaj ıgàg fncovcngng zn dc~Ŕp~v~cag gdve dcavakaèıkcageakpa`ıv' F~ga kavŔıg òĔnv ydyac focoecnvogkae~d~ agcaıŔı# fovnog kngòyog`ng bavnknp n`nvnkkagaapogo zn àzvagıŔıgı aocnyogo# èacıŔea hv~f~g~#

oèog`n aŔa`ıĔı hv~} zn `n fópóg pd}c~e~ ka}yaagydyac hv~f~g kagaap zn àzvagıŔı ocnocoŔkocngòvocenkpnòv"6/'

@dcaıyıca kae~d~ kazvaeı# koŔoync znyoayo aèıàg dceak ó|nvn oko `nĔoŔok Ŕnkoc`naèıkcageaa èacıŔıceakpa a à k~ccagıceakpa`ıv'

Fovnog ènzvnyog`ng npkocngòĔo# aop dc`~Ĕ~ hv~}pavaj ıgàg foèoecngòvocòĔo zn Ŕnkoccngòvocòho Ŕó}bnhúpóvenng fov hnvènkpov"9/' Hv~} oèog`nko fovnohv~fa bakoe dcag kagaap Ŕnkoccngòvo}úgcngòvenkpnòv' F~ aèıàg fakıc`ıĔıgà&Y~yk~gc~k Yaveacı& k~vaeıgıg zavyaıeı dc`~kèa

aèı

kcaı

iı

hú|ókenkpnòv' Y~yk~gc~k Yaveacı

k~vaeıga húvn# fovn oèog`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~ ydyacènzvnyog`ng `ıŔcagea kdvk~y~ca ènzvnyogn bakoe dcagkagaapcnvo zn àzvagıŔ Ŕnkoccnvogo fngoeynenkpn znf~g~ kae~à aèıkcaeakpa`ıv"0/'

Fo|in kdg~ f~ úgó ocn ncn acıg`ıĔıgà#kae~d~ kazvaeı nvogn ydyac kdgpvdc kazvaeıgıgk~ccagıceayı èdk àba ~h~g`~v' FaŔka fov oja`ncn#kae~d~ kazvaeı pae agcaeıca aèıkcaıiı dcaeaeakpa`ıv' Pagıeca Ŕnkco `n f~g~g aèık fovhúypnvhnyoòv'

Avıia kae~d~g~# f~ kazvaeı dc~Ŕp~vagkae~ zn d úĔncnvogog avı avı ogincngnvnk fov

pagıeıga ~caŔea hovoŔoeo `n ncnŔpovocenkpn`ıv">/'Agı Ŕnkoc`n# kae~d~g~ úgnpngcnv ocn

úgnpocngcnv avayıgàko ocoŔkon ogòvhnenk `nyakıgiacı`ıv' Bnv gn kaàv kae~d~g~g úgnpngcnvcnocoŔkoco dcag hngnc fov ydyac dch~ dcavak húvócenyohnvnkovyn `n# kcayok aèıkcaea pav|ı npnvyo|kaceakpa`ıv' Bafnveay(ıg f~ kdg~àko agaco|og`ngbavnknpcn# kae~d~g~g kcayok agcaıŔıgıg pnencog`n Ŕ~ú|nccokcnvo húypnvng fncco fov ydyac javkcıcaŔeagıg appıĔı yúcngnfocov' Kagaap dc~Ŕp~vag yoypnecnv# ogyagcavı ogyag dcavak kavŔıcaŔpıkcavı zn fovfovcnvogo kaf~ccngòkcnvokóèók# pavpıŔag hv~}cavı`ıv":/' Hv~}cavıg oè `ó|ngog`n

èapı

Ŕeaàg |oa`n oŔ fovcoĔo úgnecoòv' _ago faŔkacavı

gı

g#"jokovcnvogn kavŔı dc~gag koŔocnvog/ kdgyngyóyógóka|agea èafayı úg }cagà`ıv' F~ pafoo ko kóèókyoypnecnv`n eóekóg`óv' @dyp%`óŔeag avıeıgıgdvongpaydg kdcacıĔı nvogn abnghog k~v~eyaccaŔeayı hnèenkpnòv' F~ oè `ó|ngcnen f~ póv yoypnecnvogpd}c~eyac `~v~e~ dcavak kngògn bay fov javkcıcaŔeazn fúcóecnŔen

kdefogaydg~ga ~h~g `óŔenkpnòv' F~ hv~}cavjavkcıcaŔeıŔcav`ıv# èógkó f~ yoypnen kapıcagcavkngòcnvogn bay vdccnvn húvn àzvageaeakpa ıvcav; f~g~ogyagcıĔıg ogyag dcavak kavŔıcaeayı pnvoeo `n aèıkèahúypnvenkpnòv' F~ hv~}cav fovfovcnvocn ocoŔkocodcavakfúcóecnŔeoŔcnvòv' Èógkó f~gcav kngò jdgkyodgcavıgahúvn `nĔoc `n# fovfovogog agıyı dcavak dc~Ŕe~Ŕcav`ıv' F~

ú|nccok &hngncog& kdg~ zn fúcnin ydv~g dcavakdc~Ŕeayıga gn`ng dceakpa`ıv' PavpıŔag hv~}cavıg kóèókzn fng|nv dceayı zn yoayo# nkdgdeok npkocnvog pavpıŔeaó|nvogn npkocnvogog }nk ja|cadceaıŔı f~ hv~}cavàdc~Ŕag kagaapcnvogog hngnc kagaap dcavak ŔavpkdŔ~ceayıgı eóekóg kıceakpa`ı' Fúcnin koŔo`nghngnc o`vakn zn `dcaıyıca koŔo`ng hngnc ova`nnydv~gy~| fov hnèoŔog dc`~Ĕ~ úgóg`n kagaapcnv`dĔe~Ŕp~v' F~ póv kagaapcnvog kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı ocnagyıpıceacavı à f~g~ payòkcnv gopncokpn dce~Ŕp~v'F~g~g gnpoinyog`n pavpıŔıcagcav kngòcnvogo jdgkyodgncjavkcıcaŔag pd}c~eàg yd~pcaavak kngòcnvogo pd}c~e

dcavak húvenn faŔcaeı

Ŕcav`ı

v"8/' F~ póv o`vak agcaı

Ŕı

zn fúcnin kae~d~g~g okpoàvı `nĔoŔpovnfocngncnŔpovoync kdgpvdc ogagiıgıg avpık hnènvco dcea`ıĔıgı pd}c~eyac hncoŔen aèıkèa húypnvenkpnòv' Pd}c~eyachncoŔen àba `nvog fov jdgkyodgnc javkcıcaŔeaı zn acpyoypnecnvogog dc~Ŕeayı úgóg`n dc~}# f~ javkcıcaŔeaàgkngògo yd~pcaag hv~}cavıg kngòcnvogo pd}c~e dcavakocag npencnvo avpık eóekóg hú|ókenenkpnòvJdgkyodgnc javkcıcaŔea# yoypnecnvog fovfovog`ngyd~pcageayıga# gdve fnkcngpocnvogog zn av|~payavv~jcavıgıg àba ja|ca óvnpocenyogn zn fúcnin póekacıgpıcavı ynèen |dv~gc~c~Ĕ~ga húpóvenkpnòv'JavkcıcaŔea zn ynèen pav|ı k~v~eyaccaŔea ocn

eóekóg dceakpa`ıv' _ago javkcıcaŔea zn ynèen pav|ı kavav znven yóvnècnvo ocn ~~e yaĔcaag zn kngòa}ıcavıgı dc~Ŕp~vag yoypnecnv yanyog`nhnvènkcnŔenkpnòv' @dcaıyıca f~gcav hngnc ova`nopneyoc npngnĔogo kafnpenkpnòvcnv' Pd}c~e à f~yan`n# ago a}ıyac dcavak fayopcnŔenenkpn zn pnkgokyanyog`n fncovcngenenkpn# akyogn fópóg yoypnecnvogkaveaŔıkcıkcavıca |dvcagag zn ya`nin dcacavı `nĔoc#faŔkacavıgıg ~~ecavıga ~~e yaĔcaeak |dv~gàkacag yazaŔ enàgıga fng|nenkpnòv'

Kıyaiayı# kae~d~ k~vaeı ngo`ng hú|`nghnèovenk |dv~gà`ıv"2/' Kae~d~g~g ydv~g~#

kngòyocn ocoŔkocngòvocng yoypne ydv~g~g~g npnvoginaèıkcageaeayıgàg kagakcageakpa`ıv' Ydv~g~g

èú|óeó oyn fo|in yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvnio ocn ocoŔkocoòv'F~g~g hnèoio `n dcya `dĔv~ dc`~Ĕ~g~

zavyaavyak# d |aeag kae~d~ ocn ocnpoŔoe yóvniogogocoŔkocnvogog ngo`ng dv~ecageayı hnvnkenkpnòv'



1:>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

OOO' ĽcnpoŔoe# Yoayo ĽcnpoŔoe znKae~d~ Bavnknp gdkpaeı|ı# kae~d~g~g yoayo

`nĔnvo dcag fov gnpoin `nĔoc# ú|nccokcn kae~yac

ocnpoŔoeog kdg~ a}ı

yı

dc`~Ĕ~ zavyaı

eı

dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv' FaŔka fov oja`ncn# kae~d~ npko%pn}ko}vngyofogn húvn npkocngeoŔ zn npkocngenn `nzaen`ng npko `nĔoc# jdgkyodgnc agcaeà ynèen kvopnvodcavak `nĔnvcngòvocenkpnòv'

F~ faĔcaeà kae~d~ ocnpoŔoe zn yoayoocnpoŔoe ocn akıgàg ocoŔkoco dcavak kavŔıeı|aèıkeakpa`ıv'

ĽcnpoŔoeo# ynefdcok dcavak agcaecavıg dvpak}acaŔıceayı dcavak pagıeca`ıĔıeı| |aeag"?/#ocnpoŔoeog dàk gdkpayıgı &agcae& kazvaeı dc~Ŕp~veakpa ıv' Ľgyagcavıg fov avaà aŔaeacavı agiakdvpak dv~ecagag zn agcaŔıcag# fnkcngnfocov fov `ó|ng

húypnvng# ocnpoŔoe zn ncnecnv oèog npnvco faĔcagpı gdkpacavı y~gag# dvpak pnivófncnvo f~c~g`~Ĕ~ fov aŔae`ógayıgà eóekóg`óv"c=/'

Dvpak pnivófncnv# fovncnvog fncco fov `~v~eàgnog eóekóg dc`~Ĕ~ zn gnog eóekóg dcea`ıĔı bakkıgàko fnkcngpocnvogo Ŕnkoccngòvenkpn# faŔka fovoja`ncn# kavŔıcıkcı fnkcngnfocovcoĔog ènvènznyogodc~Ŕp~veakpa ıv'

A| úgin fabynòcng &agcae& kazvaeı oènvoĔogo `n f~vaàg aceakpa`ıv' @dcaıyıca agcae#faĔcagpı oekagcavı# ago gnog gn ocn fovcokpn`óŔógócnfocninĔogo oja`n npenkpn zn a}ıyac fov ypapó

ka|ageakpa`ı

v'F~ faĔcaeà agcae ocnpoŔoe ó|nvog`ngdc~Ŕeakpa zn ydyac aŔaeı `ó|ngcnenkpnòv'@dcaıyıca ocnpoŔoeog# agcaeıg nzvngogkaveaŔıkcıĔıgıg ng a|a ogòvhngenyogo yaĔca ıĔı zn`ó|ngcnòĔo# ago gnog fnkcngnfocninĔogn úgin`ngoŔavnp n`ng# ókynk `nvnin`n fov ynèen yóvniodc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo|' Agiak ynèen# enzi~pvn}nvp~avcavàg "focho `n}dy~gàg/ bnvbagho fov Ŕnoynèen a à dg~ `nĔoc `n# faŔka fov Ŕno ynèen a àdg~ `nĔoc `n# faŔka fov Ŕno aceaı oja`nnpenenkpnòv' Akyogn# ynèen yóvnio kavŔıcıkcı npkocnŔoe Ŕnkcog`n hnvènkcnŔpovocng bnv ocnpoŔoeog

pnencogo dc~Ŕp~vag kdg~cav àbocog`n yúcngng ocnyúcngenngo fov avaà `óŔógeno oja`nnpenkpnòv"c1/'

FocogòĔo hofo# ocnpoŔoe kdg~cav ó|nvog`nghnvènkcnŔenkpnòv' Fov ocnpoŔoe yóvniogog# dvpakkdg~cavıg zavcıĔıgı Ŕavp kdŔeaàg faŔcaeayı eóekóg`nĔocòv' Kdg~cav kavŔıcıkcı agı agcaea

apıjpa f~c~geaı yaĔcavkng# agı |aeagà kavŔıcıkcı dcavak bn`njpng ya}eaı à nghnccnenkpnòv'

F~g~ C~beagg(ıg kdg~ zn kagaap avıeı àaèıkèa dvpaa kdeakpa`ıv'

&Kdg~cav ó|nvog`n kdg~Ŕ~cafocng zn f~gcavbakkıgà agı a à `nĔoŔok kagaapcnvn yabo}dc~gafocng agcaecı# a| zna èdk fncovyo| zn hncoŔennaèık agcae kde}cnkycnvo dcavak pagıecaafocovo|' Baza`~v~e~# kdeŔ~g~g ngo dpdedfoco# ngjcaydg# joapcavıgavpıŔı# pnvúv zf' F~ póvcó kdg~cav# kavŔıcıkcı npkocnŔoedcavak hnvènkcnŔpovocng bnv ocnpoŔoeog a}ıyac úgógódc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv' Kdg~cav kavŔıcıkcı dcavak agı agcaeaúgnceno yaĔcaeakpa zn kavŔıcıkcı dcavak javkcı Ŕncnv`ng yú| npeno nghnccnenkpnòvcnv "'''/' FúcninocnpoŔoe dvpak fov òcog úpnyog`n agcae pny}opogog oko`nĔoŔok fd~p~g àba hnvnkco kıceakpa`ıv' F~gcav fovkdg~g~g ynèoeo zn f~ kdg~ ó|nvogn kagaapcnvogaèıkcageayı b~y~ycavı`ıv' Agiak f~ avıe ènvènznyog`ne~pafık dcag zn e~pafık dceaag kagaapcnv avıeı dc~Ŕafocov&"16/'

Hngnc dcavak kdg~ ocn kagaapoeo|fncovcngen|' Ypv~ik# fov zn agı kdg~à paeaeocnjavkcı kagaapcnvog úgn yóvóc`óĔó `~v~ecav oèog fov èdkúvgnk znvenkpnòv"19/' Agiak f~ga vaĔeng fa|ı kdŔ~ccavà kdg~ zn kagaapog fópógcnŔenyo znú|`nŔcnŔenyo ocn yú| kdg~y~ dcafocov' Fúcn`~v~ecavà ocnpoŔoe`ng |oa`n eago}ócaydg yú|kdg~y~`~v' Eago}ócaydg oyn kdg~ ocn kagaap avayıgàfov avıeı Ŕavp kdŔeaeakpa ıv' C~beagg(a húvn#&Kdg~g~g k~v~eyaccaŔeayı ydg~i~gà kagaapcnvedvac "abcak/ ocn úcn fópógcnŔenkpnòv ko fov edvacogoja`nyo agı |aeagà f~ edvacog kaf~ccngenyo|dv~gc~c~Ĕ~g~ à fnvafnvog`n hnpovenkpnòv' Fúcn fov`~v~e ocn kavŔı kavŔıa kacag koŔo# kngòyogo úcn fov vdcfnkcngpoyo oèog`n f~ceakpa`ıv ko# kngò koŔocoĔo ocn fnccokagaapcnvog fópógcnŔenyo yú| kdg~y~`~v' Agı |aeagàúcn `~v~ecav dc~Ŕeakpa`ıv ko# fovnog kngò koŔocoĔogo|n`ncnen hóiógn yabo}# ka}yaecı achıcaea hóiógónghnccnng zn vabapıgı fd|afocnink fov faŔkayıgıgedvac aghaleagı ocn kavŔı kavŔıa ıv&"10/'

F~ faĔcaeà bnv bagho fov hv~}pa ya`nin znya`nin fov kagaap kaf~c húvócnfocov' Fov kdg~g~gya`nin zn ya`nin fov kagaap ocn fópógcnŔenyo oyn agiakydvh~y~| fov pnenc kdgyngyóyóg ~h~g dc`~Ĕ~k~v~eyaccaŔea yóvniogog ydg~i~`~v' Fúcn dvpaecavàfov kdg~a apıjpag f~c~geak "kagaapcnvn/ àageaagcaeıga hncenkpnòv'



1::

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Fa|ı pd}c~ecavà ocnpoŔoeogedvaccnŔpovocenyo yú| kdg~y~ zn pd}c~e~g f~ Ŕnkoc`nfópógcnŔenyo eóekóg`óv' Agiak f~ga àba èdk a|hncoŔeoŔ# javkcıcaŔeagıg yú| kdg~y~ dcea`ıĔı pd}c~ecavà vaypcagıv' HncoŔeoŔ zn fúcnin acpyoypnecnvn avıceıŔ pd}c~ecavà oyn ngpnhvaydg dvpak fov

edvac ocn eóekóg `nĔocòv' @dcaıyıca fov ocnpoŔoeedvac ocn faĔàŔpıvıceayı# ocnpoŔoeog inza}yı| fıvakıceayı oèog fov avaè dceakpa`ıv'

F~vaa kaàv yúcngngcnvo ú|npcnenkoypnvynk; kaveaŔıkcaŔag ydyac dcacav zn dch~cavagiak kaveaŔık ocnpoŔoe yóvnècnvog`n oŔcngnfocovcnv' Kdg~ocn kagaap avayıgàko avıe# kaveaŔıkcık oèog f~oŔcngnfocovcok }dpagyoncogo avpıveakpa`ıv# F~ avaga}ıceakyı|ıg ocnpoŔoe npkocnŔoe dcavakhnvènkcnŔpovocnenòĔo hofo# kaveaŔıkcıĔıg fovncnvaèıyıgàg agcaecı fov Ŕnkoc`n "eóekóg dcag ocneóekóg dceaagıg agcae faĔcagpıyı/ a|a

ogòvhngenyo n yaĔcagaea|'F~ b~y~y yoaynp oèog `n hnènvcoòv' Yoayoacagà à faŔka póvcó ocnpoŔoeog hnvènkcnŔenyoeóekóg nĔocòv'

Yoayo ocnpoŔoe oyn yoaynpog kngòyo hofoka}yaecı`ıv' Gayıc yoaynpog agcae Zn ka}yaeı aèıyıgàg yıgıvıgı fncovcnenk hóè oyn# agı Ŕnkoc`nyoayo ocnpoŔoeog agcae zn ka}yaeıgı à fncovcnenkhóèpóv' F~ga vaĔeng yoayo ocnpoŔoeo ydyacocnpoŔoe`ng aıvag pnk gdkpa dcavak yoayocnv ocnynèencnv avayıgà hnvènkcnŔenyogo fncovpnfocovo|'Agiak yoayo ocnpoŔoeo ya`nin yoayocnv%ynèeng ocoŔkoyo

fncovcnenenkpnòv# Yoayo ocnpoŔoe f~g~g úpnyog`nenyalcavıg gayıc ocnpocenyo hnvnkpoĔo zn ynèengcnvngayıc ~caŔıcafocninĔo ydv~y~g~ à ka}yaeakpa`ıv'@dcaıyıca ocnpoŔoe ocn yoaynp oè oèn hoveoŔ `~v~eà`ıv"1>/' Ed`nvg `nedkvayocnv`n ocnpoŔoeypvapnlocnvo dceakyı|ıg yoayo ypvapnlocnvo `óŔógenkeóekóg `nĔocòv'

Avpık yoayo ocnpoŔoe yoayo kavav ncneogogúgneco fov ~gy~va bacogn hnceoŔpov' ]dcopokaiıcav#yóvnkco kngò a à yoayo }avpoyogog }dcopokayı oèogynèoecnv`n d èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~g~ ka|agafocen npngnĔognyabo} dc`~Ĕ~g~ oy}ap npen faykıyı acpıgà`ıv'

Yoayocnv yóvnkco ynèeng d~ oèog vnkafnpbacog`nòvcnv' F~ vnkafnpog a`ıgı gn kdavyakkdacıe# ydg~èpa yoaynpèocnv zn yoayo }avpocnvynèengcnvo ocn gayıc fov ocnpoŔoe k~vaiakcavı ydv~y~ ocnkavŔı kavŔıa`ıvcav' F~ aeaèca yoayocnv zn yoayo}avpocnv kngòcnvogn ú|hó kdg~cavıgı zn f~ kdg~cavbakkıgà kagaapcnvogo oènvng fov ynèoe ypvapnlocnvohncoŔpovenk |dv~gà`ıvcav' @dcaıyıca yoayoocnpoŔoe`n# ago ynèeng ocn ocnpoŔoe`n `n kdg~cavdc`~kèa úgneco fov kdg~ea yabo}povcnv'

Kdg~cav yde~p ocnpoŔoe `~v~ecavıgàfnkcngpocnvog yóvnkco jaaconpn hnèovocenyo Ľèog k~vachúvnzo húvenkpncnv zn fúcnin kagaap dc~Ŕ~e~g~úgcngòvenkpnòvcnv' F~ gn`ngcn kae~d~"1:/kazvaeı ènvènznyog`n ncn acıgı} ogincngng yoayoocnpoŔoeog úgcngòvoio jdgkyodg~ kagaapcnvog

kngòyog`ng `nĔoc# ú|nccokcn yoayo ocnpoŔoeogkdg~cavıgàg dc~Ŕeakpa`ıv'

F~vaàg bavnknpcn# kae~d~g~g èncoŔkocodceayıga vaĔeng kcayok ydv~g~ dcag npko npen hóió `naèıkcagafocov' Kae~d~g~g jdgkyodg~g~ kagaapcnvogŔnkcog`ng hngnc zn pavpıŔafocovcoĔo# agcaecı zn ~|caŔeaiı hóin yabo} dc~Ŕ~# kae~yac yaz~gafocovcoĔo zf' `nĔoc `n#ú|nccokcn yoayo ocnpoŔoeog kdg~cavıgıg Ŕnkcog`ng# agoocnpoŔoe yóvniogog a}ıyı dcavak ~h~g dceayıgàgfncovcngnfocov' F~ jdgkyodg oyn# kagaapcnvog`dĔv~cp~y~gà `nĔoc# ú|nccokcn |obogcnvo enŔh~c n`ng#kdg~cava a}ı ka|ag`ıvıiı npkoyogog fncovyo|coĔog`ng

kagakcageakpa`ıv' F~ gn`ngcn ydv~g fovnynckagaapcnvog hngnccnŔpovocenyo# bnvknyèn kaf~c nòcnfocovŔnkcn hnpovocenyo `nĔoc# ú|nccokcn yoayo ocnpoŔoeyóvniogog kdg~y~g~g pd}c~e~g zn yoayo yoypneog yú|kdg~y~ kavav obpoaiıga ~avcagafocenyoòv"18/'

@okkapog kagaapcnv`ng# kagaap dc~Ŕ~e~g~`ó|ngcnng kdg~cav ó|nvogn ènkocenyo# ngo avaŔpıveaydv~cavıga à oekag pagıeayı aèıyıgàg úgne av|npenkpnòv'

FakıŔ aèıyı# kae~d~ ocn ochoco avaŔpıveacavı#kaveaŔık a}ıyı oènvoyog`n faŔcıia faĔıeyı| `nĔoŔkngdcavak húvng yoayo yoypneo ocoŔkocngòvenn oekag

pagı

eakpa`ı

v' Yoayo yoypneog kaveaŔı

kcı

Ĕı

# ago f~yoypne`n eóekóg dcafocnink àzvagıŔ zn ncneoekagcavıgıg yaıyı zn ènŔopcocoĔo# kngò kdg~ka}ayopnyo ocn# fov faŔka `noŔcn# kngò ĽcnpoŔoeyóvniogog kdg~yac a}ıyıca akıgàg ocogpocoòv'KaveaŔıkcık kdg~ ka}ayopnyogo npkocnòĔo hofo# kdg~ka}ayopnyo `n kaveaŔıkcıĔı npkocnenkpnòv"12/'

Kcayok kae~d~ akcaŔıeı f~ kazvaeıg fovèdk fd~p~g~ ka}yaeaeakpa`ıv' ÚvgnĔog kdg~ ocnkagaapog gnygnc zn pakpok avıeı# kdg~cavıg |aeagoènvoyog`n bavnknpcocoĔo# kdg~cavıg ydyac k~v~ecaŔeaŔnkoccnvo yoayo yoypneog kaveaŔıkcık `nvninyogn faĔcı dcavak `nĔoŔenkpnòv' AŔaĔıà f~ kdg~cava`nĔogocninkpov'

OZ' Kdg~ Jdgkyodg~ zn Kavonvo \aeag dc`~kèa a| dc`~Ĕ~ zn f~ga }avacnc

dcavak òkkap `n dc`~kèa yıgıvcı dc`~Ĕ~ oèog#javkcıcaŔeıŔ yoypnecnv kngòcnvogo ochocngòvng kdg~cavı achıcaeak zn oŔcnenk oèog fncco úgpnecnvhncoŔpovocenkpnòv' F~ úgpnecnvo C~beagg# &òkkap



1:8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

k~vaccavı "appngpodg v~cny/& dcavak gopncngòvenkpnòv'F~g~g agı yıva f~ k~vaccavàg javkcı dcavak fov `nkavavcavıg znvocenyogo zn kavavcavıg `dĔv~ dcavakgopncngòvocenyogo yaĔcaag &kavav k~vaccavıgàg"`nioyodg vacny/& yú|npenkpnòv "1?/'

Ynèoe yó|hnio húvnzo húvng f~ òkkap

k~vaccavıgı aŔpıkpag ydgva agiak vaydgnc kavav znvenaŔaeayıga hncogov' @okkap ènkng kdg~cav ocn kavavznvocng kdg~cavıg agı dceayı hnvnken|' @dcaıyıca fovyoypne`n òkkap àĔıcıe yóvnio kavav znven yóvniog`ngavıceakpa`ıv' F~ aıvıeıg kngò jdgkyodg~g~ nvognhnpovenyo oypngodvya# d |aeag javkcı kvopnvcnvn húvn`nĔnvcngòvencnvo hnvnkov'

F~ aıvıeı ~kavıàko kdg~ zn kagaapaıvıeıga ~h~ca`ıĔıeı| pakòv`n# òkkap k~vaccavıgıgyoayo kdg~cavıg dc~Ŕ~e~g~# kavav k~vaccavıgıg oynkagaap dc~Ŕ~e~g~ úgcngòvòĔogo yúcnnfocovo|'

F~ faĔcaeà kdg~cavıg `dĔv~àg kagaapcnvog

oènvoĔogog pny}opogo `nĔoc `n# bnv Ŕn`ng Úgin znú|nccokcn òkkapog akacageayıgı a à úgcngòvocenyogoyaĔcaeakpa`ıv' Kdg~cav# yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvniog`n gnogkaf~c húvninĔogo zn inza} fnkcngnfocovcoĔogohúypnvenkpnòv' Agiak f~gcavca ocoŔkoco dcavak baghokagaapcnvog yaz~gafocninĔo# baghocnvog `dĔv~ dc`~Ĕ~ znbaghocnvog hóg`ne`n kacafocninĔo ydv~y~ bngó| aèıkpıv'@dcaıyıca òkkap ~ag`ıvafocen fncco fov kagaapn znkavava faĔcagea agcaeıga hncenenkpnòv' @okkapoènknfocen kdg~g~g dc~Ŕeayı zn ydg~èpa kavav yóvniogonpkocnnfocenyo oèog hnvnkco dcag ock aŔaea`ıv"6=/'Avıia f~g~g kavŔıpı dcavak fov kagaap `dĔv~ zn agcaecı

dc`~Ĕ~ oèog yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvniogog kdg~y~ dcaea|'F~gcav bnv Ŕn`ng úgin faŔka kvopnvcnvn húvndc~Ŕp~v~ce~Ŕ dcag òkkap k~vaccavıgı aŔeacavı hnvnkov' F~ynèen yó|hnio ocnpoŔoe yóvniog`ng úgin hncenkpnòv'F~vaàg à Ŕúcn fov ydg~è èıkavpafocovo|' Kae~d~gaàagag fov yoayo yoypne`n# kavav k~vaccavıgàg àbaèdk òkkap k~vaccavı fóók fov fópógcnŔpovoio hóin yabo}dceakpa`ıv'

Ú|np dcavak yúcnenk hnvnkovyn; kdg~cavıg znkagaapcnvog aıvıeı Ŕnkcog`n yoayo yoypneogúgcngòvocenyo aèıyıgàg úgneco dceayı# f~ kazvaeıggn kaàv kaveaŔık dc`~Ĕ~g~g à fov oja`nyoòv' F~kaveaŔıkcık yoayo yoypneog yoypne dcavak òĔnvyoypnecnv`ng javkcıcaŔeayıgıg fov ydg~i~`~v' F~ póvcójavkcıcaŔea zn acp yoypnecnvog kngò oènvoyog`nkaveaŔıkcıĔıgıg avpeayı ydg~i~ acp yoypne`n a}ıyac`nĔoŔoen `n obpoaè avpeakpa`ıv' FaŔka fov oja`ncn#yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvniog`n kdg~cav

bavnknp bacog`n zn `nĔoŔkngòv' Kıyaiayı; yoayoocnpoŔoeog kdg~cavıgıg javkcı kagaapcnv zn javkcı kavavcav oèog aèık dceayı hnvnkpoĔo hofo# obpoaia húvn`nĔoŔpovocnfocencoòvcnv' Pafoo ko f~ `nĔoŔoe fncco fov`ó|ng oènvoyog`n hnvènkcnŔenkpnòv' Èógkó yoayokdg~cavıgà fncco fov ú|hnèeoŔcnvo zav`ıv; f~gcavıgà

ydyac aŔae hofo fncco fov baap ynvo zav`ıv'@nenk ko# yoayo kdg~cav à úgin fncco fov

`dĔ~e yóvnio aŔaeakpa`ıvcav' Fov kdg~g~g yoayo fovkdg~ bacogn hncnfocenyog`n# ago kdg~g~g kdg~dcavak òkkap ènkenyog`n oyn hngnc`n Ŕ~ jakpúvcnvnpkog vdc dgaeakpa`ıv' Bappa f~ jakpúvcnv fov yoayoyoypneog òkkap k~vaccavı dcavak à gopncngòvocnfocovcnv'F~ k~vaccavı Ŕ~ Ŕnkoc n gopncngòvnfocovo|"61/'

1% Fa|ı @nĔnvcnvog Úgincokcozn Úgneco Dceayı<Pd}c~e pavaj ıgàg úgneco húvócng fa|ı

`nĔnvcnvn yac`ıg# a à f~gcavıg |n`ncngen

pnbcoknyocn kavŔı kavŔıa hncencnvo kngòcoĔog`ngyoayo fov kdg~ dc~Ŕp~veakpa ıv' ÚvgnĔog# aàcnpenkago|eayıgıg faĔıeyı|cıĔıga yac`ıg# pd}c~eyacfavıŔ zn b~|~va yac`ıg "Yó}nv P~vgokn y~g~i~y~g~g fovoja`nyogog ydg~ècavı f~g~g ng hó|nc úvgnĔoòv/# yoayoykagàccavıg abcako fd~pcavı zf' `~v~ecav f~vaàúvgnk dcavak húypnvocnfocov' @nĔnvcnv }vdhvaecavènvènznyog`n ya`nin kavav k~vaccavı dcavak `nĔoc `n#f~g~g úpnyog`n faŔka fov kdgpnkypn òkkapog~ag`ıgceayı k~vacı húvnzogo húvenkpnòvcnv' F~b~y~y~# enicoyog fncco pakzoeogn kavŔı kdg~cavıgú|nccokcn ncn acıgı} ogincngenyo úvgnĔog`n húvnfocovo|'

6% Kvo| zn Kvo| Yne}pdecavı<Kvo| fnkcngenng "kdg~ dcavakba|ıvcageaeıŔ/ ya`nin fncco `nĔnvcnvog `nĔoc# ú|nccokcnpóe yoypneo pnbòp n`ng ~gy~vcav`ıv' F~gcav fov èdk`nĔnvog jdgkyodg~g~ fncovyo| zn |aeag faykıyı acpıgà pnbòp nppokcnvo oèog òkkapo ó|nvog`ndĔ~gcaŔpıvea hóiógn yabo}povcnv' F~ gn`ngcn `nf~gcavıg fópógcnŔpovoio hóècnvo zav`ıv' Úvgnk dcavak#yazaŔcav# èapıŔeacav# ngjcaydg# fov óvópen a àavhı engy~f~g~g vóŔznp dcaıga kavıŔeayı# pnvúvdcacavı znvocnfocov'

9%ĽcnpoŔoeog KagaĔıgıg

Ypapóyó<Yoayo co`nvcnv zna pd}c~eia pagıgeıŔ koŔocnvog ncnecnvo àba kdca òkkap f~ceakpa`ıv'Èógkó yoayo dcacav hngnc`n ncopcnvog koŔocokcnvo ocnfaĔàŔpıvıcavak oŔcngenkpnòv' F~ gn`ngcn dcacavà



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

kagaĔıg ypapóyó# yoayocnv a à pd}c~eia kaf~chúveóŔ% koŔocnv oyn enàgıg òkkap k~vaccavıgı aŔeacavı àba à kdca dceakpa`ıv' Agiak bnengŔ~g~ bapıvcapacıe ko# f~gcavıg kngò kagaapcnvogogkaf~c húvninĔo agcaeıga hncenenkpnòv'

0% Yoayo FaŔavı Yne}pdecavı< Yoaynpog KaveaŔık dceayı gn`ngocn yde~pfaŔavıgıg èdĔ~ |aeag ~|~g yóvenyo zn npnvco fochonyabo} dc~geaeayı gn`ngocn fov koŔocoĔog a à fovkdg~g~g oja`nyo# fncco fov kdg~g~g dc~Ŕeayıgà npkog vdcdgaeakpa ıv'

>% Dcaıg _ngocoĔo< Yóvnkco agı Ŕnkoc`n yóvnhncng b~y~ycav }nk

òkkap ènkenenkpnòvcnv' F~ga kavŔıg `nĔoŔok dcagŔncnv bnv |aeag hú|n fapeakpa zn òkkapoènknfocenkpnòvcnv' ÚvgnĔog# Aga E~bacnjnp ]avpoyoco`nvogog ~|~g |aeagàg fnvo nvkng ynèoe oypnenyo d

kaàv acıŔıcahnceoŔ fov b~y~yp~v ko# avpık koeyn f~g~yoayo fov kdg~ dcavak achıcaeaeakpa`ıv' Agiakenynca I~eb~vfaŔkagıgıg àvfn ocn ochoco fovaèıkcaeayı kdcacıkca òkkapcnvo ènkeoŔpov'

:% Dcaıg Úgneo< Dcacav fov pd}c~e~g fóók fov kıyeıe

akıgàg ochocngòvodvcav oyncnv# f~gcavıg òkkapoènkencnvo àba kdca dceakpa`ıv' Èógkó f~ póvdcacavıg ydg~ècavı fov pd}c~e~g hncninĔogo akıgàgochocngòvenkpnòvcnv' F~ zn f~ga fng|nv b~y~ycav fovkdg~g~g `dĔ~e yóvniog`n úgneco vdc

dgaeakpa`ıvcav' F~ yó|hnè jdgkyodg~ húvngk~vaccavı fa|ı kdg~cav npnvogin hóè pd}caea`ıkcavı oèogaŔaeaeakpa zn fúcnin kafdc~} hopenkpnòvcnv;fa|ıcavı oyn f~ yó|hnio aŔeakpa`ıvcav'

8% Yóv}vo|< NĔnv fnkcngenng dcacav a à hncoŔencnv yú|

kdg~y~ oyn f~gcavıg à òkkapcnvo ènkencnvo kdcadceakpa`ıv' Èógkó f~ póv dcacavıg hncoŔenyo `núgin`ng knypovocnenenkpnòv' Kdg~ òkkap k~vaccavıgı aŔavak hóg`ne`n kaceaı faŔav ı eı# d \aeag f~kdg~ ocnpoŔoe yóvniogog a}ıyı jdgkyodg~g~óypcngenkpnòv' Fúcnin kae~d~g~g à fov }avèayı dceakpa ıv' Ya`nin kdg~g~g kngòyo `nĔoc# avpık kdg~bakkıgà kagaapcnv zn kavavcav à úg }cagà`ıv'@dcaıyıca kdg~g~g `nypnkèoyo èdĔaceakpa`ıv'Kdg~~ òcn hnpovenk vo|okd paŔıeaeakpa ıv"66/'Èógkó kdg~ úgneco yaıcaiak bnvknyog aĔ|ıgà`ıv' F~aŔaeaà kdg~ kavonvogog ng ydg fayaeaĔıga ~caŔeıŔ `nenkpov' F~ kdg~g~g kavŔıpcavıga avpık hniokpovenpakpokcnvo ~h~caea# |aeag ka|agea# kıyeo kaf~c#ncnŔpovo hofo vdccnvo óypcngenkpng faŔka dc zn úgpnekaceaeakpa ıv'

Kavonvog `dv~k gdkpayıga ~caŔag kdg~cavèú|óe fnkcnenkpnòv' Yoayo yoypne`n fov èdk kdg~agı agà oŔcnnenninĔo oèog# ngo kdg~cava nvaèafocenk oèog# kdg~cavı ydg~ècag`ıveak |dv~gà`ıv' F~ydg~ècag`ıvea èdĔ~ |aeag d kaàv yóvapcoa}ıceakpa`ıv ko# kdg~ gn pne gn `n ~h~g foèoe`nogincngenkpnòv

Kdg~# ydv~g~ èú|óen kaz~Ŕp~vaea`ı eı f~`~v~eà kdg~ ngo`ng agı aŔaeacavàg hnèenky~vnpocn ngo`ng dc~Ŕp~v~ceak |dv~gà`ıv#

Ydg~è dcavak Ŕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo| ko#kae~d~ yoayo yoypneo úgcngòven jdgkyodg~g~óypcngenkcn fovcokpn# nhnengcok yóven zn kagaapdc~Ŕ~e~g~ paeaeocn fncovcngnenenkpn# agiakeóekóg dcag oekagcavıg yıgıvıgı èo|enkpn#fnkcngnfocovcoĔog fnkcngpoyogo fncovcnenkpnòv'@dcaıyıca yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvniog`n kavŔıeı|àkogogagcaıŔ zn kaf~cógn úgncok bnv vdc kae~d~g~g

kdg~ a}ıyıga ~h~g `óŔencoòv'Bnv gn kaàv f~vaà kae~ kazvaeı yoayo

kdg~cavıg kavonvcnvo ocn nŔ`nĔnv húvóceóŔ oyn `n#aŔaĔıà f~ga aèıkcık hnpovenk oèog kae~d~g~gúgneco úĔnyo dcag kae~ kazvaeı ó|nvogn pnkvavúgncenk oypodv~|'

Z' Kae~ Kazvaeı F~vaa kaàv ko pavpıŔeaeı|à &kae~&

kazvaeı ó|nvog`n bneng bneng boè `~v~cea`ı' Dya kokae~d~ kazvaeıgıg jdgkyodg~g~g `d~v~i~ fovŔnkoc`n aèıkcagafocenyo &kae~& úĔnyogog agcae znka}yaeıgıg aèıkcıĔa kaz~Ŕp~v~ceayıgı hnvnkco

kıceakpa`ıv'Enzi~p pagıecavı fov `nĔnvcngòvenn pafo

p~pavyak# hngnc`n kae~ kazvaeıgıg Ŕ~ agcaecavàk~ccagıc ıĔıgı húvóvó|' Fov agàg kae~ pnvoeo ocn#bnvknyn pd}c~e~g fópóg knyoeogn aèık dcag# hngncdcavak focogng zn bnvkny pavaj ıgàg k~ccagıcafocng"eopoghcnv zf'/ agcaeıgà# úpn agàg `nzcnpn aop"úvgnĔog# kae~ fogacavı zn kae~ hóió/ agcaeıgàk~ccagıc`ıĔıgı húvóvó|"69/' F~ga kavŔıg ydydcdhcav znyoaynp focoeiocnv# kae~ pnvoeogo hngnc dcavak# fnccoydv~g zn dcacav ó|nvog`n kdccnkpoj p~p~ecava a àkagaapcnvn yabo} enyajnco%pneaycı hv~} agcaeıgà

k~ccageakpa`ıvcav"60/' F~ faĔcaeà kae~ pnvoeo#pd}c~e~g ng akıg acp yoypneog`ng kagakcagag vdcfnkcngpocnvogog gúpvcnŔpovocenyo zn ynvfnypcnŔpovocenyognoŔavnp npenkpnòv'

F~ húvóŔcnv`ng bavnknpcn ~kavıàko`óŔógincnvoeo|o `n òkkapn acavak %kae~ pnvoeogoyoayo yoypneog kae~yac ypóaydgcavıg gúpvcnŔenjdgkyodgcavıgıg nvogn hnpovnfocninĔo# agoocnpoŔoecnvog gn pd}c~e~g yoayo dceaag acpyoypnecnvogin "úvgnĔog aocn# avaŔpıvea hv~}cavı#



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focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

fagkacav# k~có}cnv/ gn `n yoayo yoypne aop acpyoypnecnvog ú|nccokcnvogin "úvgnĔog# engjaap zn faykı hv~}cavı# yoayo }avpocnv zf'/ a}ıcag`ıvıc`ıĔı# ú|nccokcnkae~d~g~g kdg~cavı pavaj ıgàg dc~Ŕp~v~cagypóaydgcav dcavak gopncngòvnfocovo|"6>/'

F~ faĔcaeà# kae~g~g dc~Ŕ~e~ ocnèú|óecngenyo hnvnkng ydv~g dc`~kèa |dv dcavakkavŔıeı|a èıkeakpa`ıv' Ydv~g~g fncco fov ypóaydgyanyog`n èú|óecngenyo yú| kdg~y~ `nĔocòv' Èógkó vdcfnkcngpocnvogog gúpvcnŔpovocenyo# kopcncnvog fov avaahnpovocenyo zn fov avaà p~p~ceayı# fov èdk koeyngogpnya`ójo dcavak fov nv`n f~c~geayı a à f~gcavıgpneyociocnvogog kapıcıeıca yaĔcageayı eóekóg`nĔocòv' F~ póvcó ypóaydg `nĔoŔokcokcnvo# nĔnv f~gcavk~v~eyac dcavak ba|ıvcageaeıŔ oyncnv# yú| kdg~y~ úpngocnpoŔoecnvog bnvknyn aèık ypóaydgcavàg kngòcnvogoènkencnvogn gn`ng dceakpa`ıv' F~ gn`ngcn nyay ydv~g

ogn yoayo ocnpoŔoe yóvniogog kdg~ a}ıyı ocn ocoŔkocoòv'@dcaıyıca &kae~& paeaeocn# yoayo ocnpoŔoekdg~cavıgıg k~v~eyaccaŔpıgceayı ydv~g~`~v"6:/' F~gn`ngcnòv ko kae~d~g~g jdgkyodg~ aèıyıgàg póeyoayo ocnpoŔoecnvog nvoŔnenòĔo &kae~& fncovcnoio`nĔoc# ú|nccokcn kae~yac dceaag yoayo ocnpoŔoecnvogk~v~eyaccaŔeıŔ kdg~cavca a}ıcag`ıvıceıŔ fópóg knyoefncovcnoioòv'

Kdg~cavıg k~v~eyaccaŔeayı ocn# f~ kdg~cavaocnpoŔoe ypóaydgcavıgà apıjpa f~c~g~caiaĔıgıgzavyaıeıgı oja`n npenkpnòv' F~ zavyaıeı kaf~ccngòĔoeo|`n# kae~ kazvaeıe kdg~cavıg

kaf~ccngnfocogninĔogog fnkcngpoyo dcavakpaeecaafocovo|"68/'ŗó}bnyo| k~v~eyaccaŔeıŔ kdg~cavıg ydyac

aŔaeà ocnpoŔoe oekagı aèpıkcavı zn ocnpoŔoe k~veaı kdcacaŔpıv ıĔı fov hnvènkpov' ÚvgnĔog# baza# èdi~knpoŔpoven# j~pfdc# papoc# znvho# baap }abacıcıĔı# pvajok zf'k~v~eyaccaŔeıŔ kdg~cav`ıv zn f~ kdg~cav#kavŔıeı|àko bakkıgà }nk ja|ca fochon yabo}dc~geaàg à# ocnpoŔoe oekagcavı avapeakpa ıv'Agiak kdg~g~g k~v~eyaccaŔeayıgıg ocnpoŔoeyncocoŔkocnvn húpóv`óĔó úgóg`nko jdgkyodg~g~ à npkoyoaèıyıgàg ú|nccokcn yoayo yoypne`n }nk ja|cafóópenenk hnvnkov' Yoayo npkog dcag koŔocnvog#|aeagı zn ochocnvo d kaàv kıyıpcı`ıv ko# fov kdg~g~gkae~yac gopncok paŔıeayı# ago k~v~eyaccaŔeıŔ dceayı bnv|aeag ocnpoŔoeog dc~Ŕeayı oèog npnvco `nĔocòv'

Agiak fo|oe yoayo yoypneoeo|`n f~ ydv~gdc`~kèa fayop fov Ŕnkoc`n èú|óecngenkpnòv' F~ oyn# yú|kdg~y~ koŔocnvog kavŔıcıkcı dcavak ypapócnvogofocencnvoòv' Úcn ko# hngnc`n pncnjdg aèag zn

aèıcagcavıg koeog pncnjdg aèpıĔıgı focencnvo fúcn fov`~v~eà ocnpoŔoeog dc~Ŕeayıgı kdcacaŔpıveakpa`ıv'@dcaıyıca yoayo ocnpoŔoe koŔoync ocoŔkocnvo zn fúcninypapó pagıeacavıgı hnvnkco kıceakpa`ıv' F~ aèıàghngnc`n# kdg~cavıg kaf~ccngocnfocninĔogog fnkcngpoyogn

kavŔı kdeak dc`~kèa |dv`~v' Èógkó f~ fnkcngponkavŔı kdeak bnv Ŕn`ng úgin kagaapcnv ó|nvog`n~|caŔeaàg |oa`n# fov kdg~ ocn ochoco dcavak ocnpoŔoenkavŔı hncenk agcaeıga hncenkpnòv' Fnkcngpon kavŔı hncenk oyn# yoypne óncoĔogog kd}avea `ngnenyodcavak achıcag`ıĔı oèog# f~ b~y~y boè fov |aeag aèıkèa`ngngenenkpnòv'

ZO' Kae~d~ zn Kopcn ĽcnpoŔoeAvaècavı Kae~d~ kazvaeıgıg agcaeıe zn ka}yaeıgı

fncovcnòkpng ydgva# Ŕoeò `n kae~d~ zn kopcn ocnpoŔoeavaècavı avayıgàko ocoŔko ydv~y~ga úgncnfocovo|'

Kcayok kae~d~~ ogincnencnvog`n zn kopcnocnpoŔoe avaècavıgıg npkocnvogo aèıkcaeak aeaiıcahncoŔpovocng ed`nccnv`n# kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı hngnc`nbafnv znven jdgkyodg~g~ nvogn hnpovovkng kae~kazvaeıgıg f~ eakacn`n fncovcngòĔo Ŕnkoc`nko agcaeı#kae~d~ ocn kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı avayıgà húvócenkpnzn `nĔnvcngòvocenkpnòv' Agiak kae~ d~g~gdc~Ŕeayıga kapkıà f~c~gag avaècav dcavak èdk yıkı fovocoŔkogog dcafocninĔogn zn bappa dc`~Ĕ~ga oŔavnpnpenkpnòv'

Kae~d~ kazvaeıgıg agcaeıgı bapıvcavyak#kae~d~gà yú| kdg~y~ dcag fovogio ~gy~v &kdg~cavıg

k~v~eyaccaŔeayı& zn okogio ~gy~v &kdg~cavıgkaf~ccngocnfocninĔogog fnkcngpoyo &òv' Kıyaiayı kae~d~gà &òkkapog k~v~eyaccaŔeayı& yú| kdg~y~dceakpa`ıv'

Ed`nvg# javkcıcaŔeagıg yú| kdg~y~ dc`~Ĕ~pd}c~ecavà hngnc`n f~ jdgkyodg~ kopcn ocnpoŔoeavaècavı# hóg`neo "ahngà/ fncovcnenkpn# fov faŔkaoja`ncn; kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı kagaapcnvo zn p~p~ecavı `nĔoŔpovenkpng a à hóècngòvenkpng |oa`n baghokdg~cavıg hóg`nen hncninĔogo zn fúcnin baghokdg~cavıg pavpıŔeaa aèıcaiaĔıga kavavznvenkpnòvcnv"62/' Hóg`nen hncng kdg~cav úgin`ng

yú|ó nòcng &òkkap k~vaccavı&gıg nghnccnoio hóiógóaŔeıŔ zn fúcnin k~v~eyaccaŔea dc~gà ock aŔaeaı hnvènkcnŔpoveoŔ dceakpa`ıvcav'

Kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı yoypne dcavak òĔnvyoypnecnv`ng }nk javkcı èacıŔeaeakpa`ıv' Gayıc òĔnvyoypnecnvog kngò kngòcnvogn bay kd`cavı enzi~pya# agı Ŕnkoc`n kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavıgıg à kngòcnvogn



18=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

bay oŔcnoŔ k~vaccavı# ago kd`~ zav`ıv' F~ oyn &akpóacopn&òv'Kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı hóg`nen hnpovninĔo kdg~cava akpóacopnaèıyıgàg# ago f~hóg aèıyıgàg òkkapn `nĔnv eo# `nĔen|eo aèıyıgàg akcaŔeakpa`ıv' Akpóacopn kd`~g~g fd~pcavı oyn# ago fov dca a à kdg~g~g hóg`nen hnco}hncenninĔogo fncovcnng zn úgcngòvng kvopnvcnv oyn#~kavıà yú|ógó nppoĔoeo| òkkap k~vaccavıgàg javkcı

k~vaccav

`nĔocòv' F~# gdve Ŕnkcog`n nvcnŔeoŔ dcag k~vaccav"6?/ ocn~~e húypnvng dca zn kdg~cav kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavı pavaj ıgàg achıcageakpa zn hóg`nen hnpovocenkpnòv'@dcaıyocn kae~d~g~g a}ıyıgı dc~Ŕp~vag kdg~cavıga}ıcag`ıgceayıgà# ago k~v~eyaccaŔeayıgà kopcn ocnpoŔoeavaècavı fncovcnoio avaèpıv' Bappa ònfocovo| ko kae~d~g~gdc~Ŕeayı kopcn ocnpoŔoe avaècavıga faĔcı zn ocoŔkocoòv'

@Ľ]GDPCAV

1' @~h~ YN\NV# Kae~ D~ zn @ıŔ ]dcopoka# Agkava#Ynzogè 1?86; Eógio KA]AGO# ]dcopoka FocoecnvognHovoŔ' 9' Faykı' A'Ó' B~k~k Jakócpnyo _aıgcavı

Agkava 1?29; Gnveog AFA@AG# Kae~d~ @nvyGdpcavı# Agkava; YFJ# F__D 1?89%1?80; Acoe ŗnvoj DGAVAG#Kae~d~ Nc Kopafı# Ľypagf~c# Joco| 1?20' Hnvbav` YIBEc@PIBNG# @on fnjvahpn Gapod Ófnv`ng Nogjc~yy nv Enog~gh%yjdvib~gh a on ]dcopoi#Jvagkj~vp%Baef~vh# 1?>2# y'6 Nco|afnpb Gdnccn%GNÊAGG# Yibxnohny}ovacn# Újjng%pcoibn Enog~gh~gyn yd|oacnBa~p# Eóibng%\~voib< ]o}nv 1?2=# y'12

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avaècavıgıg Vdcó' Kdga 1??9# "_aıgcageaeıŔ Pn|/'9' Y~cbo @ÚGEN\NV# Ydydcdlo# ?' Faykı' Agkava# YazaŔ

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kae~d~ kazvaeıgıg npnvogin aèıkcagaeaaiaĔıga Bafnveagg oŔavnp npenkpnòv' LóvhngBAFNVEAY< Ypv~kp~vxag`nc `nv Újjngpcoibknop'^gpnvy~i%bóghng |~ pognv Kapnhdvo `nvfóvhnvnoibng Hnynccyibajp' Gn~xon` 1?:6# y'682%62:

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2' Bavnknp gdkpayı dcavak Aceag Ydyac Focoeio zn YoypnePndvoyo(gog hncoŔpovocenyogog fafayı yaıcag GokcayC^BEAGG(ıg &Kae~d~& a`cı eakacnyog`ng bavnknpnpenkpno|' Fk|; Gokcay C^BEAGG &ÚjjngcoibnEnog~gh& a'h'n' y'?%99'

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11' Fk|' Dvbag HÚKÈN# a'h'n'# y'08%02'16' Gokcay C^BEAGG# &Újjngpcoibn Enog~gh&# y' 1919' Hnvbav` YPVÎK# &\~v Pbndvon L~voypoyibnv Pd}ok og `nv

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181

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

jaàgıcafocov' Èógkó hngnc`n yoayo yoypneog òkkap k~vaccavı ocnkopcn ocnpoŔoe yoypneogog òkkap k~vaccavı avayıgà fo|in fov}avacnccok enzi~pp~v' Fk|# Xogjvon` YIB^C\# @onKdgypv~kpodg zag Vnaópæp og `ng Gaibvoibpngenòng#Jvnof~vh%Eógibng 1?8:; Dvbag HÚKÈN; @ay Foc `nv Póvkngog `nv `n~pyibng ]vnyyn%Hoyyng 1?22; C~p| B^PB#

Pbnengfnbag c~gh ~g ]vdhvaee}vayngpapodg oe X@V%Búvj~gk# Cog`ng%Cnobhnypne 1?2>; Gokcay C^BEAGG#&Újjngcoibn Enog~gh&; Ldbag HACP^GH Eag V^HN#&Ypv~ip~vogh ~g` Yncnipogh Gnxy&# Ld~vgac dj ]nain Vnynavib#Zdc' 6#1?:>'

66' F~vaà Gdnccn GNÊAGG ocn fov }avacnccok yú| kdg~y~ oyn `n#pnenc`n javkcıcık zav`ıv' Gdnccn%GNÊAGG kagaap znàzvagıŔ Ŕnkoccnvog`ng fabynpenkpnòv' Dya fo| kdg~~ nyaydcavak acıdv~|' Fk|' Nco|afnpb Gdnccn GNÊAGG#Yibxnohny}ovacn; a'h'n'# y'612'

69' Lóvhng BAFNVEAY# Ypv~kp~vxag`ng`nc Újjng%pcoibknop' ^gpnvy~ib~ghng |~ nognv Kapnhdvon `nvfóvhnvcoibng Hnyn@ybajp' 19' Faykı' @avepa`p'Gnxon`< C~ibpnvbag` 1?26# y'c16;Gnveog AFA@AG;Kae~d~ @nvy Gdpcavı A'Ó' YFJ# F__D# "Pnkyov/#Agkava 1?89%1?80#

60' Fk|' G' AFA@AG# a'h'n'# y'60; Eógio KA]AGĽ#]dcopoka Focoecnvogn HovoŔ# Agkava Focho 1?28# y 10:< A'ŗ' DGAVAG# Kae~d~ Nc Kopafı' Ľypagf~c# Joco| 1?20#y'62'

6>' C^BEAGG# a'h'e'# y'61'6:' C^BEAGG# a'h'e'# y'66'68' C^BEAGG# a'h'e'# y'66'62' Fk|' N' Gdnccn GNÊAGG# a'h'n‗ y'6=2'6?' Fk|' D' HÚKÈN# a'h'e'# y'10# X'YIB^C\# a'h'e'# y'1:'



189

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

K@Y(Onvog nyaycavı ó|nvog`n `~vaiaĔı| znpayavca`ıĔıeı| yoypneog aga bapcavıgı aèıkcaaiaĔı|'

1' HovoŔ Fov oŔcnpen`n kıya# dvpa zn ~|~g za`nco

aeaècava ~caŔeak aèı

yı

gàg &focho& baapo úgnenyabo} fov dch~`~v' _úgnpoe# ènŔopco `úgnecnv`núvgnĔog yapıŔcav zn eaconpcnvn ocoŔkog dcavak fa|ı úgfochocnvn yabo} dceak oypnninkpov' _úgnpoe ókynkyapıŔ joapcavı# eogoe~e eaconpcnv zn bo|enpcnvcnka|agiıgı ng óyp ynzonn èıkaveak oypnninkpov' F~ póvfov aeaia ~caŔafocenk oèog `n npnvco focho znk~ccagafocninĔo kavav acea pnkgokcnvogn obpoaè`~aiakpıv' ]nk èdk úgnpoio fochoo vnkafnp hóiógógkagaĔı dcavak kaf~c nòdv"c/'

Focho# koŔoync aeaècavca k~ccagagcav oèog ngúgneco úĔn dceagıg agıyıva# k~v~c~Ŕ a à úvhópcnvogkavav dvhagcavı oèog `n hnvnkco fov hnvnkyogoeòv'

Hnvnk kae~ hnvnk ú|nc ynkpúv`n póe úgnpoiocnvog#bn`njcnvn nvoŔnfocenk oèog fncovco pnenc úgnpoe húvnzzna oŔcnzcnvogo nvogn hnpovencnvo hnvnkov' Ľ|cngngaeaècav `nĔoŔyn `n }cagcaea# úvhópcnen# ka`vdcaea#óvópen# `ngnpoe# zf' pnenc oŔcnzcnv bnv úgnpoiopavaj ıgàg nvogn hnpovocov' Bnvbagho fov oŔog faŔavıyı#óvópóiócnvogog yú|ó hnèng oŔcnzcnvo gn úcèó`n nvognhnpovòkcnvogn faĔcı`ıv' F~ oŔcnzcnvog hnvnĔo foèoe`nnvogn hnpovocnfocenyo oyn fóók dvagà úgnpoiocnvogfocho hnvnkyo%goecnvogog kavŔıcagea `nvninyogn faĔcı`ıv'\ova bnv oŔcnz kavav aceaı oènvov zn kavav yóvnio `dĔv~#|aeagcı# nkyokyo|# ú| zn nvog`n focho ocn

`nypnkcngencoòv' Fov úgnpoiogog yabo} dc`~Ĕ~fochocnv f~ ú|nccokcnvo paŔıea|ya# ac`ıĔı kavavcavıggopncoĔo ng a|ıgàg fd|~caiak# d oŔpng fnkcngng faŔavı yaĔcagaeaaiakpıv' F~ aèıàg fakıc`ıĔıgà# fochogog fovvnkafnp avaiı dcea ú|nccoĔo aèıkcık ka|ageakpa`ıv"6/'ĽŔcnpen úgnpoeo aèıyıgàg ncn acıg`ıĔıgà# gopncokcofocho oo kavavı `nypnkcnninkpov' Ľo kavavcav úgnpyncncnecnvog npkogcoĔogo avpıvaiak# npkog úgnpync kavavcavoyn úvhóp bn`njcnvogn faŔavıcı fov foèoe`n ~caŔıceayıgı yaĔcaaiakpıv'

Fúcnin focho# fov úvhópóg fópógcóĔógókdv~ag faĔcaıiı fov avaè húvógóeó ka|agaiakpıv"9/'

Yagao pd}c~e~g~g }d|opoj focoeog`n &dce~Ŕ& dcacavı

gaèıkcaeayı a}ıcıvkng; focho pd}c~e~g~g focoŔoepnkgdcdloyo ocn hncninĔog úghúvóyó oèog`n yoypneapokfocho óvnpocenkpnòv"0/'

Focho zn bo|enp oŔcnvogog znvoecocoĔogoavpıveak# hncoŔeoŔ óckncnvog nkdgdeok úgincokcnvo

avayıgà dceacı`ıv' F~g~ yaĔcaeaı faŔavag ócknbaghoyo dc~vya d óckn oveofovogio ó|ıca à dpdeapokdcavak bakoe dcaiakpıv' F~g~g agabpavı oyn fochooŔcnvogog znvoecocoĔogo bnv `ó|n`n avpıveakpıv">/' Fochopnkgdcdlocnvogog ng znvoeco foèoe`n k~ccagıc`ıĔı pd}c~efocho pd}c~e`~v' Focho pd}c~e~g~g opoio hóiógó oyn

fochoo oŔcnng fochoyaavcav dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv' Gayıc ko#yagao pd}c~e~ga hnèoŔog edpdva dcea oŔcnzogo f~bavcı eakogncnvo óypcngeoŔ oyn; focho pd}c~e~ga hnèoŔo `nfocoŔoe pnkgdcdloyogog pnencog`nko fohoyaavcavhnvènkcnŔpoveoŔpov":/' _úgnpoe aèıyıgàg ncnacıg`ıĔıgà# fochoyaavcava àacı focoŔoe yoypnecnvogog#fov faŔka `noŔcn _úgnpoe FocoŔoe Yoypnecnvo"Eagahnengp Ogjdveapodg Yypney/(gog úgnecodc`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo|' _úgnpoe FocoŔoe Yoypnecnvo#úgnpoiocnvog oŔcnpencnvogo znvoeco foèoe`núgnpnfocencnvo oèog dvpaa apıcag fochoyaavcava àacı yoypnecnvòv'

Fochoyaavcava àacı yoypnecnv av`ıeıcafochogog nògocenyo pnk faŔıga npnvco dceaaiakpıv' Fochoagiak ncnen `úgóŔpó%vócóvyn agcaecı dcaiakpıv' Dbac`n# fochogog nògocenyo agıyıva# f~ fochogog aeaècav`dĔv~cp~y~gà ng akıciı foèoe`n k~ccagıceayı úgnepaŔıeakpa`ıv' Nògocng fochoo ncnen `úgóŔpóvnfocenkoèog `n focho pnkgdcdlocnvog`ng avavcageak hnvnkodv'@aba `dĔv~y~# fochoyaavcavı fov kavav eakognyo dcavakà k~ccageak yú| kdg~y~ dceakpa`ıv' Ú|nccokcn ypvapnlokkavavcav acag úgnpoe dvhagcavıga fncovyo|cok dvpaeıgàfocho zn pabeog `nypnĔo yaĔcaeak ó|nvn yoypnecnvhncoŔpovoceoŔpov' Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo "@nioyodg

Y~}}dvp Yypney/ a`ı

e acag f~ dcagakcav a|ı

eı

|ı

gkdg~y~g~ dc~Ŕp~v~dv' Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo joveafa|ıgà ~h~cagafocninĔo hofo# eakvd `ó|n`n kae~úgnpoeog`n `n k~ccagıcafocov'

_a|ıeı|ıg àba faŔcaghıiıgà# Kavav @nypnkYoypnecnvogo a}ıyı opofavocn òĔnv yoypnecnv`ng aıvagng úgneco ~gy~v~g~g# kavav ed`nccnvoe k~ccagafocenyoú|nccoĔo dc~Ŕp~v`~Ĕ~g~ yúcnnfocovo|' F~ yoypne kavavznvoion av`ıeiı dceak ó|nvn payavcagıv' Agiak# f~oŔcneo nvogn hnpovovkng e~pcaka fov kavav ed`ncoek~ccageayı hnvnkenkpnòv' F~ ed`nc# èdĔ~gc~kca fovoypapoypokync aà eapneapokync zna fov úgncneavaŔpıveayı ed`nco dcaiakpıv' Ydg ya`ıĔıeı| ú|nccokgn`ngocn# kdg~ úgncne avaŔpıveaiıcavıgıg àòkkapogo ènkenkpnòv"8/'



180

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

^h~caeaà K@Y(cnvo pagıecavkng èdĔ~ kn|agıchıcava `óŔócenkpnòv' ĽŔcnpen`n k~cagıceakpa dcagfa|ı yoypnecnv# èdĔ~gc~kca _úgnpoe FocoŔoe Yoypnecnvo#K@Y ~h~caeayı dcavak pagıpıceakpa`ıv' Ú|nccokcn pn}núgnpoiocnvogog úgógn y~g~cag fochoyaav èıkpıcavıgıg

èdĔ~ fov K@Y óvógó yaıceakpa`ıv' _úgnpoio kavavacıvkng yú|ó nòcng va}dv aà èıkpıcavı k~ccagıdvya à#f~ póv yoypnecnvo K@Y dcavak yaeak dcagakyı| ıv'K@Y(cnvogo èıkpıcavı opofavocn òĔnv yoypnecnv`ng aıvagng úgneco ú|nccokcnv`ng fovo# úgnpoio n gno a}eayı hnvnkpoĔogo yúcnenenyoòv' _úgnpoion# kavavynègnkcnvo y~gavak# f~ kavavcavıg ydg~ècavı bakkıgàfocho znvov' _úgnpoio acaiaĔı kavavcavıg e~bpnencydg~ècavıgı yoypne`ng úĔvngòkpng ydgva# dga húvnkavavıgı znvninkpov' K@Y(cnvo úgnpoiocnv oèog fovcafavdp~zav`ıv' _úgnpoio yoypne ó|nvog`n hnvènk

dcacavıg fov fng|nvo ó|nvog`n `ngncnv a}aiak znacaiaĔı kavavcavıg e~bpnenc ydg~ècavıgı úgin`nghúvnfocninkpov"2/'

6'Kavav znKavav Acea YóvnioBnvbagho fov kdg~à &kavav& kncoenyogog

k~ccagıceayı# eóekóg oko zna àba ja|ca bavnknpfoèoeo avayıgàg fovogog ynèoeogo oja`n n`nv' NĔnv pnkbavnknp pav|ı zavya ynèoe dkp~v# &kavav& pnvoeogog~h~cageayı zna &kavav acea& oŔcneo yú| kdg~y~

dcea|' @~v~e úgin`ng ydg~i~ca focogov# faŔkaèú|óe Ŕnkco dkp~v; `~v~e~g hnvènkcnŔenyo knyogòv' F~po} }vdfcnecnvn dc`~kèa a| vaypcagıv' Ng yık vaypcagıcag}vdfcne ènŔoò bavnknp foèoecnvogog fov`ng ja|ca dcea`~v~e~`~v' Bnv bavnknp foèoeogog ynèoeo javkcı javkcı ydg~ècava húpóvóv' Hú|úgógn acıgag fov dca `nĔoŔok`~v~ecav acpıgà hnvènkcnŔnfocov' F~gcavıg bnvfovo oèogo|cngnink bavnknp foèoeo `n fov`ng ja|ca yaıàdcafocov' Eóekóg `~v~ecavıg hnvènkcnŔenyo `nĔoŔokkdŔ~ccavà zn `nĔoŔok `úgnecnv`n dvpaa èıkav' ĽŔpn f~`~v~ecavàg fovogog hú| úgóg`n p~p~cavak fov bavnknp

foèoeogog ynèocenyo fo|o &kavav acea&a húpóvóv"?/'ĽŔcnpen úgnpoeo aèıyıgàg ncn acıg`ıĔıgà

kavav acea# aeaècava ~caŔafocenk oèog zav dcag póeacpnvgapojcnv avayıgàg ynèoe a}ea yóvnioòv' Bnvfnvp A'Yoedg(a húvn úgnpync kavav acea# úgnpoe yóvniocnnŔ agcaecı dcavak kaf~c nòcnfocov"c=/' F~ húvóŔókagıpcaeak ó|nvn úgnpoe jdgkyodgcavıgàg fovo dcag}cagcaea jdgkyodg~g~ hú|úgógn acafocovo|' ]cagcaeaoŔcneog`n úgnpoio fov ò|o kavav aceak |dv~gàkacafocov' ÚvgnĔog gn a}ıcaiak4 Gn |aeag4 Gayıc4Gnvn`n4 Koeog pavaj ıgàg4 Ŕnkcog`nko kavavcav

kavav acea yóvniogo dc~Ŕp~vaiakpıv' _úgnpoeog òĔnvjdgkyodgcavı dcag dvhago|aydg zn `ngnpoe `n kavavacea oŔcnecnvogo hnvnkpovninkpov"11/'

Kavav acea yóvnio _úgnpoe Kavavcav ı aèıyıgàg ncn acıg`ıĔıgà# yú| kdg~y~ dch~~Yoedg(ıg a}pıĔı zn èdĔ~gc~kca kaf~c húvng

yıgıjcag`ıveayıga húvn dvpaa kdafocovo|"16/'

ŗnkoc%1< Yoedg(~g kavav acea yóvnio'

F~ga húvn kavav acea yóvnio Ŕ~ aŔaeacavàgdc~Ŕ~v; c/Kavav acea `~v~ecavıgıg fncovcngenyo"avaŔpıvea/# 6/Acpneapoj èú|óe dccavıgıg avageayı "payavıe/# 9/Acpnvgapojcnv`ng fovogog ynèocenyo "ynèoe/'ŗnkoc%1 yú|ógó nppoĔoeo| yóvnio húypnvodv"19/'

F~ aŔaeacavı

g ock a`ı

eı

avaŔpı

vea`ı

v' F~aŔaeaı }vdfcneog gn dc`~Ĕ~# }vdfcnecn ochocofochocnvog pd}cageayı zn ènzvn kdŔ~ccavıgıg agaco|nòcenyo dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv# okogio aŔaeaà# kavavacpnvgapojcnvogog hncoŔpovocenyo zn ènŔopco kavaved`nccnvogog fncovcngenyo hnvnkenkpnòv"10/' ÓèógióaŔaea oyn acpnvgapojcnv avayıgàg fovogog ynèocenyodcaı`ıv' ŗnkoc%O ó|nvog`n húvóc`óĔó hofo# okogio znóèógió aŔaeacavàg pnkvav faŔa `úgnvnk yóvniopnkvavcaeak eóekóg`óv"1>/'

9' Kavav PóvcnvoFov oŔcnpen`n acıgag kavavcavı ènŔopco nyaycava

àagavak yıgıjcaeaeı| eóekóg`óv' Hngnc dcavakkavavcavca ochoco dcavak óè po} yıgıjcaeaàg yú|n`nfocovo|"1:/' 1/ĽŔcnpen dvhago|aydg~ oèog`nkobonvavŔon húvn yıgıjcag`ıvea# 6/Èú|ócnink}vdfcneog iogyogn àagag yıgıjcag`ıvea# 9/Kavavacea yóvnio aŔaeacavıgıg bnvfovogog goyfo úgneognàagag yıgıjcag`ıvea'

_úgnpoe }ovaeoò hú|úgógn acıg`ıĔıgà#bonvavŔon húvn yıgıjcag`ıveagıg# oŔcnpengog óè aga



18>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

úgnpoe fayaeaĔıga húvn a}ıc`ıĔı agcaŔıcıv' Yú|kdg~y~ fayaeakcav ypvapnlok# pakpok zn ~h~caeafayaeaĔı`ıv' @dĔac dcavak f~ úgnpoe fayaeaĔıgıgbnvfov a`ıeıgà acıgag kavavcav à javkcı dcaiakpıv'

Ypvapnlok kavavcav# oŔcnpengog aeaècavı zn

kagakcavıgıg úgnpoeogn zn ypvapnlok }cagcaeayıgaúgncok kavavcav`ıv' F~ póv kavavcavıg agakavakpnvoypoĔo# ~|~g `úgnecnvo zn oŔcnpengoghncninĔogn úgncok zn ú|nccokcn apıvıecavı ka}yaeayı`ıv' ÚvgnĔog ngo óvóg kavavcavıgı f~ póvkavavcava úvgnk dcavak húypnvnfocovo|"18/' Kdg~ kavaèıyıgàg húypnvocovyn# bagho óvógcnvog óvnpocninĔo zn}a|avcavà yapıcaiaĔıga ocoŔkog kavavcav aceak yú|kdg~y~ dcafocov' F~ga jaaconp yabayıgıg ynèoeo `nònfocovo|' Ydg~è dcavak; ypvapnlok kavavcav oŔcnpengoghngnc aeaècavıgı ya}paea zn aeaècava ~caŔpıvaiakóvnpoe zn jaaconp kdg~cag ocn }a|avı avaŔpıvea zn

ynèen ocn ochocoòv"12/'Pakpok zna fov faŔka `noŔcn úgnpynckavavcav oŔcnpengog dvhago|adg a}ıyı oèog`nkagakcavıg k~ccagıeı zn úgnpoeogn úgncok#èdĔ~gc~kca }nvydgnc zn j ıgagyac aĔıvcıkcı kavavcav`ıv'ÚvgnĔog fópèncngng eaconp ocn hnvènk eaconpcnvavayıgàko javkcavıg gn`ngcnvogo dvpaa kdeak zn f~ydv~g~g èú|óeógn úgncok kavavcav pakpok kavavcavdcavak húypnvocnfocov'

ĽŔcnpoeync "d}nvaydgnc/ kavavcav oyn#ĽŔcnpengog hógcók ydv~gcavıca ochoco dcag zn acp `ó|núgnpoiocnvog ac`ıĔı kavavcav dcavak pagıecagıv'

ÚvgnĔog d hóg jafvokaà óvnpoeog a}ı

cafocenyo oèoghnvnkng oŔcnecnvn úgncok zn bneng bneng bnvhógago foèoe`n pnkvavcagag kavavcav# f~ yıgıjcaea oèog`nyaıcafocov'

ĽŔcnpen oèog`nko bonvavlon húvn kavavcavyıgıjcag`ıvcafocòĔo hofo# kavŔıcaŔıcag }vdfcnecnvogyıgıjcag`ıveayıga àagavak à kavav póvcnvo ncnacıgafocov' Kavav acea yóvniog`ng bavnknp n`ngyıgıjcag`ıvea oyn hngnc bapcavıca Yoedg(~gpagıecaeacavıga àageakpa`ıv"1?/# Yoedg(a húvn fovoŔcnpen`n oko avı kavav póvógn vaypcageakpa`ıv' F~gcav<]vdhvaecagafocng zn }vdhvaecagaeaag kavavcav`ıv'

]vdhvaecagafocng kavavcav ocn# fncovco úcèócnvnàagavak acıgag# yık Ŕık pnkvav nòcng zn &a}ıyac&hógcók kavavcav# }vdhvaecagaeaag kavavcavca àydg~ècag úgin`ng knypovocnenng zn &a}ıyac dceaag&kavavcav oja`n nòcenkpnòv' _úgnpoe }ovaeoògog óyppavajcavıga `dĔv~ èıkıc ıkèa }vdhvaecagaeaag kavavcavavpeakpa# acp kıyıecava

`dĔv~ }vdhvaecagafocng kavavcav àba èdkaceeakpa`ıv"6=/' ]vdhvaecagafocng póv`n kavavcavı acafocenk oèog oo payavcageıŔ# ypagàvp úgpnecnv#fncovco acp aeaècav zn fncovhog foèoe`n dvpaakdg~ce~Ŕ ocnpoŔoe kagaccavı dceacı`ıv"61/'

Kavav acea yóvniog`ng bavnknpcn a}ıcag fovòĔnv yıgıjcag`ıvea ocn kavavcav óè agı yıgıj acpıgàncn acıgıvcav"66/ 1/ _a}ıyac kavavcav "Ypv~ip~vn``nioyodgy/# 6/_avı a}ıyac kavavcav "Yneoypv~ip~vn``nioyodgy/# 9/ _a}ıyac dceaag kavavcav "^gypv~ip~vn``nioyodgy/'

_a}ıyac kavavcav Yoedg(~g pagıeca`ıĔı }vdhvaecagafocng kavavcava kavŔıcık hncodv' Ú|nccokcnĽŔcnpoeync `ó|n`nko úgnpoiocnvog ac`ıkcavı kavavcavı f~yıgıja ydkeak eóekóg`óv' ÚvgnĔog hógcók e~baynfnoŔcnecnvo ocn ochoco kavavcav a}ıyac kavavcav avayıgàyaıcafocov'

Dvpa `ó|n zn óyp `ó|n úgnpoiocnvogac`ıkcavı kavavcav oko avı yıgıja àboc nòcnfocov' F~ynzon`nko úgnpoiocnv bne a}ıyac dceaag bne `navı a}ıyac kavav acafocovcnv' Agiak# úgnpync `ó|n`nòĔoeo| dvpa ka`nen`n èdĔ~gc~kca avı a}ıyac;ypvapnlok `ó|n `nòĔoeo| ka`nen`n oyn èdĔ~gc~kcaa}ıyac dceaag kavavcav acıgıv' F~ga húvn# úvgnĔoggakop úgnpoeo a}ıyac dceaag fov kavav póvó`óv znoŔcneync `ó|n`n acıgıv' YapıŔ zn óvnpoe kavavcavı#a}ıyac dceaag kavavcav póvógn hovnv zn èdĔ~gc~kcaúgnpync `ó|n`n kavavcavı acıgıv' _ngo óvóg kavavcavı oyn#a}ıyac dceaag kavavcav avayıgà yaıcıv zn ypvapnlok

`ó|n`n f~ kavavcav acı

gı

v"69/'

0' Yoypne zn Ed`ncÈacıŔeaeı|ıg kdg~y~g~ Kavav @nypnk

Yoypneo dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv' D bac`n# yoypneog gn agcaeahncòĔogo `n dvpaa kdeak hnvnkodv' Aycıgà yoypnepagıeı kdg~y~gà Copnvapóv`n fov fovcokf~c~geaeakpa ıv' Agiak fo| kdg~e~|a ~ag fovpagıe znvenk oypodv~|< Yoypne# fncovcngng aeaia~caŔafocenk oèog ogyag# kagak# kazvae znúgpnecnvog fov avaa pd}cageıŔ foèoeoòv"60/'

Fov yoypne ng fayop foèoeocn# f~ yoypnenfocho yaĔcaag hovòcnv zn f~ yoypne`ng focho óvnpngèıkpıcavàg dc~Ŕ~v"6>/' Yoypne dcavak fov oŔcnpenhú|úgógn acıg`ıĔıgà# hovòcnv oŔcnpengog aeaiıga~h~g èıkpıcavı óvnpnfocenyo oèog hnvnkng baeea``n#eac|nen zn kagakcavàg dc~Ŕag ~gy~vcavı pagıecav' F~hovòcnvog fov oŔcne ydg~i~gà èıkpıa `úgóŔenyo yú|kdg~y~`~v'



18:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Yoypneog óvnppoĔo èıkpıcav# yoypneog kngò`ıŔıga y~g`~Ĕ~ eac zn bo|enpcnv`ng dc~Ŕ~v' Yoypneoèog`n f~ Ŕnkoc`n fov yóvnè oŔcnenyogn kavŔıcık#yoypneog `ıŔıgà zn f~ yoypneo yóvnkco foèoe`nnpkocnnfocng `ıŔ kdŔ~ccavıg zavcıĔıgàg yú| nòcnfocov'@ıŔ kdŔ~ccav avayıgà ènzvn# bókóenp# vako}cnv#

eóŔpnvocnv# baza kdŔ~ccag# yapıiıcav zn fagkacavı yaafocovo|"6:/' NĔnv yoypne dcavak bókóenpo ncnacıvyak# oè zn `ıŔ kdŔ~ccavıg yaıyı zn úgneogog àbajavkcı dc`~Ĕ~ húvócninkpov'

K@Y(cnvog ng úgneco ~gy~vcavıgàg fovo dcag Ed`nc kazvaeıga à fov aèıkcık hnpovnfocovo|' Ed`ncyúióhó javkcı foèoecnv`n `n dcya ènŔopco oyo}cogcnv n bappahógcók aŔaeà focn ahıg foèoe`n k~ccagıceakpa`ıv'IdĔvajaiıcav zn eóbngòycnv kóèók úcènkcnv`ned`nccnv ó|nvog`n èacıŔeakpa`ıvcav' _nvog pd}dĔvajok znòĔnv ú|nccokcnvogo paŔıag ed`nccnvo zn ~èaked`nccnvogo úvgnk dcavak znvnfocovo|' Ed`ncn acıgaiak

jakpúvcnvog ynèoeo ed`ncog k~v~c~Ŕ~ca ochocoòv"68/'Yoypneog znvocng ènzvn kdŔ~ccavıgà aeaiıga ~h~g ngoo àzvagıŔı húypnvnfocenyo oèog ~h~cagaiak ncnecnvofncovcnng eapneapokync ed`ncn &kavav ed`nco& a`ı znvocov' Fov kavav ed`nco# znvocng kdŔ~ccavà yoypneogoypngocng àzvagıŔa gayıc hnpovocnfocninĔogo# úgnpoionkavav `nĔoŔkngcnvogn znvenyo hnvnkng `nĔnvcnvofncovcnnvnk húypnvov"62/' Ydg~è dcavak# kavav ed`nccnvoúgnpoiogog acaiaĔı kavavcava nyay dc~Ŕp~veak ó|nvn#oŔcnpengog jaaconpcnvo avayıgàko ocoŔkocnvog# kdŔ~ccavıgzn ènzvn `nĔoŔkngcnvog pagıecag`ıĔı dcagakcav`ıv"6?/'

>' Kavav @nypnk YoypnecnvoĽgyag npngnkcnvogo fochoyaavcavcakavŔıcaŔpıvıvkng# ogyagcavıg ng úgneco óypógcókcnvoavayıgà &`óŔógen& zn &kavav acea& dch~y~ga òkkapènkocodv' Bappa }nk èdk koŔo f~ ú|nccokcnvogfochoyaavcavà boèfov |aeag dceaaiaĔıgı ocnvoyóvódv' Jakap hncoŔencnv fúcn o`òacavı èóvópnfocnink gopncokpn dvpaa èıkeakpa`ıv' _a}a|nka# ~|eag yoypnecnv zn Kava @nypnk Yoypnecnvokdg~y~gàko hncoŔencnv dc`~kèa ~e~p znvoiohúvógódv"9=/'

Fov oŔcnpen`n úgnpoeog focho obpoaècavıgı kavŔıcaag yoypnecnvn hngnc dcavak focho yoypnecnvoaà foco Ŕoe yoypnecnvo "Ogjdveapodg Yypney/ a`ı znvocodv' Agiak# f~ kazvaeıg ka}yaeıgı hngoŔcnpnvnk# fochogog fochoyaavcav avaiıcıĔıcaoŔcngenyo zn ocnpocenyo jdgkyodgcavıgıg àkapıceayıca fnvafnv f~ kazvae nvogn _úgnpoeFocoŔoe Yoypnecnvo "EOY5Eagahnvgngp OgjdveapodgYypney/ pagıeı k~ccagıceaa faŔcagıceıŔpıv "91/'

Fochoyaavcava àacı úgnpoe yoypnecnvo avayıgà nvacag fov òĔnv yoypne Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvoòv'Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo# fochoyaavcava àacı focoŔoeyoypnecnvo avayıgà fov `nzvoe dcavak húvócenencoòv' F~yoypnecnv aycıgà fochoyaavcavıg zn k~ccagıeıgàkohncoŔencnvog `dĔac fov ydg~i~ dcavak

`nĔnvcngòvocencoòv"96/'Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo# a}ıyac dceaagaà ag a}ıyac kavav znven oŔcnecnvogn av`ıeiı dceak ó|nvn hncoŔpovocng# znvopafagıga "àpafayn/ znkavav ed`nccnvogn nvoŔoeo yaĔcaag# fochoyaavcavaàacı npkocnŔoeco fov yoypneòv"99/' K~ccagıiı znfochoyaav avayıgà focho ocnpoŔoeo kavŔıcıkcı dcavaka}ıcafocodvya# ago k~ccagıiıgıg oypnkcnvogn fochoyaavpavaj ıgàg bneng inza} Znvocnfocodvya yoypne&npkocnŔoeco& dcavak pagıecagıv' F~ga húvn fov K@YaŔaĔıà fncovpocng ú|nccokcnvn yabo} dceacı`ıv< c/_a}ıyaczna ag a}ıyac kavavcava `nypnk znvencoòv# 6/Fovznvo pafagıga yabo} dceacı`ıv# 9/Ed`nc pafagıga yabo}

dceacı`ıv# 0/Yoypne npkocnŔoeco dceacı`ıv'Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo# a}ıyac dceaag

aà avı a}ıyac kavav znven oŔcnecnvogn av`ıeiı dceak ó|nvn hncoŔpovocng# znvopafagıga "àpafayn/ znkavav ed`nccnvogn nvoŔoeo yaĔcaag# fochoyaavcavaàacı npkocnŔoeco fov yoypneòv"90/' K~ccagıiı znfochoyaav avayıgà focho ocnpoŔoeo kavŔıcıkcı dcavaka}ıcafocodvya# ago k~ccagıiıgıg oypnkcnvogn fochoyaavpavaj ıgàg bneng inza} znvocnfocodvya yoypne&npkocnŔoeco& dcavak pagıecagıv' F~ga húvn fov K@YaŔaĔıà fncovpocng ú|nccokcnvn yabo} dceacı`ıv c/_a}ıyaczna ag a}ıyac kavavcava `nypnk znvencoòv# 6/Fovznvo pafagıga yabo} dceacı`ıv# 9/Ed`nc pafagıga yabo}

dceacı`ıv# 0/Yoypne npkocnŔoeco dceacı`ıv'

Hógóeó|`n Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo ya`nin avı a}ıyac aà a}ıyac dceaag kavavcava nĔoc#



188

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

a}ıyac kavavcava à `nypnk znvnink foèoe`nhngoŔcnpoceoŔpov' F~ `~v~eà Kavav @nypnkYoypnecnvogo# &ogyag avhıyı zn fochoyaavcava àacı focoŔoe yoypnecnvogog àba oyafnpco kavavcavacıgeayı aeaiıca fópógcnŔpovocenyo& dcavak àpaeecaafocovo|"9>/' Fov K@Y(gog pnenc focnŔngcnvogo

ŗnkoc%6 ó|nvog`n húvódv~|'

:' Kavav @nypnk YoypnecnvognDcag Ľbpoaiıg znNĔocoeog Gn`ngcnvoHógóeó|`n ú|nc zn kae~ oŔcnpencnvo

agıyıva eakvd ynzon`n ypvapnlok kavav acagk~v~ecavıg úgnpoeog`n Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvok~ccagıceacı`ıv' F~g~g gn`ngcnvogo Ŕ~ Ŕnkoc`nyıvacaafocovo|'

a' _úgnpoiocnv oèog kavav acea dvpaeı èdkkaveaŔık bacn hnceoŔpov' Kavav acıgaiak dcacavó|nvog`n npkoco dcafocnink jakpúvcnv avpeıŔpıv'Avpık ya`nin yaĔ`~~ zn koŔoync úghúvócnvcndcacavı èú|óecnenk eóekóg húvócenenkpnòv'Ľè zn `ıŔ kdŔ~ccavà ago `nĔoŔokcokcnv dvpaaèıkeakpa# f~ `nĔoŔoecnvn zn kvo| fncovpocnvogn húvnbneng pazıv aceak |dvcaŔeakpa`ıv' Kvo|cnvn kavŔı kdv~ea yaĔcaeak ó|nvn nvkng ~avı yoypnecnvognobpoaè ~~ceakpa`ıv"9:/'

f' Fochoyaav `dgagıe zn a|ıcıecavıgà èdkúgneco hncoŔencnv dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv' Fochoyaavyoypnecnvo bı| zn ka}ayopn aèıyıgàg npnvco fovynzonn ~caŔeıŔ# Ogpnvgnp faŔpa dceak ó|nvn

~c~ycavavayı aĔcav `ógagıg focho kagakcavıgı fovfovogn faĔcaavak# f~ oekagcavàgavavcagagcavı azagpalcı kdg~ea hnpoveoŔpov'Fúcnin bne oè bne`n `ıŔ kagakcavàg nc`nnòcng znvocnv K@Y oèog ~h~g znvopafavıcavıgı ba|ıvcaea oekagı `dĔ~ve~Ŕp~v'

i' Ydg ıccavà eapneapok# oypapoypok#fochoyaav focoeo zn úgnpoe focoeokdg~y~gàko nĔopoe ocnvo ynzoncnvn ~caŔ%eıŔpıv'Ú|nccokcn dcacavı kagpopaj aèıàg èú|óecnng zned`nccnen fninvoyogn yabo} ogyag yaıyı avpeıŔpıv"98/'

8' Kvo| @~v~ecavı zn Nvkngâvı YoypnecnvoYdg `úgnecnv`n &kvo|&# &f~bvag& aà

&f~gacıe& kncoencnvogog dc`~kèa yık k~ccagıceaa

faŔca`ıĔıgı húvódv~|' Aycıgà f~ kazvae# fov koŔogog#fov pd}c~e~g# fov j ıveagıg zna bókóenpcnvog aŔaeıgàkavŔıcaŔpıĔı hóè úgnecnvo oja`n npenkpnòv' ÈdĔ~ kn|#kvo|cnvog npko nppoĔo bn`njcav oèog úc`óvóió npkoyo dc`~Ĕ~à focogenkpnòv'

Ènzvn`nko fncovyo|cok zn `nĔoŔokcok `~v~e~#

k~v~ecavı yóvnkco dcavak fnkcngenòk pnbcokn znj ıvyapcavca kavŔı kavŔıa fıvakeakpa`ıv' K~v~ecavıgzavcıĔıe `nzae nppovnfocencnvo# f~ pnbcokncnv`ngkdv~geacavıga zna j ıvyapcavı `nĔnvcngòvnfocencnvognfaĔcı kaceakpa`ıv' Ľypnv pnbcokn dcy~g# oypnv j ıvyap dcy~gfnkcngenng zn úgin`ng yn|ocnenng dcacav# k~v~ecag}cagyı| `nĔoŔenn |dvcaeakpa zn bappa kvo|cnvnynzkn`nfocenkpnòv"92/' Npkoco fov úgnpoeog# kvo|ogyogaccnvogo acafocninĔo# fa|ı fncovpocnvo úgin`ng pabeognòcnfocninĔo fncovpocencoòv"9?/' Kvo|og gn`ngcnvo gndc~vya dcy~g oo fov úgnpoio kvo|o pabeog n`nfocov znkvo|n kavŔı úgnpoe a}ıyı ba|ıvcaafocov"0=/'

Kvo|cnvog èdĔ~gc~kca úgin`ng pabeognòcnenng ydyac# yoayac# nkdgdeok zn pnkgdcdlok`nĔoŔen zn hncoŔencnvog ydg~i~gà dc`~Ĕ~ kaf~cnòcodv' Agiak# f~g~ póe `~v~ecav oèog hngnccnŔpovenkeóekóg `nĔocòv' Ú|nccokcn nkdgdeok kvo|cnv ago`ngdvpaa èıkea|' ÈdĔ~gc~kca kvo|og dvpaa èıkafocninĔogofncovcnng fa|ı oŔavnpcnv hú|cnecngninkpov' F~fncovpocnvog akacageayı zn `dĔv~ foèoe`n`nĔnvcngòvocenyo# k~Ŕk~y~| kvo|cnvog úgcngenyoaèıyıgàg úgne paŔıdv'

Fov k~v~eà kvo| `~v~e~ dvpaa èıkeıŔ oyn f~pakòv`n oko obpoeac`ng yú| nòcnfocov< F~gcavàg

fovogioyo# oŔcnpen úgnpoeo `ı

Ŕ ènzvn`n dvpaa èı

kag ago`nĔoŔencnvo |aeagıgà achıcaaeaeıŔpıv' @dĔv~àgkvo|og dvpayıgà kngòyoe f~ce~Ŕp~v' okogioyo oyn#kvo|og hncnfocninĔogo javknpyn focn# èú|óecnencnvoa}aeaeıŔ zn kvo|n kavŔı hnvnkco úgcnecnvoaceaeıŔpıv' @dĔac dcavak f~ póv fov `nĔnvcngòvena}avkng ènzvn`nko kvo| àchacavıgıg Ŕo``npogo `n hú|av`ı npenenk hnvnkodv'

Kvo|cnvo achıcaeagıg ng úgneco ~gy~v~g~ `ıŔ ènzvngog agaco| nòcenyo zn e~bpnenc hncoŔencnvogpabeog nòcenyo oŔcneo dc~Ŕp~veakpa`ıv' F~g~g oèog#oŔcnpengog aop dc`~Ĕ~ ynkpúvóg# óckn zn `ógankdgdeoyogog `nzaecı foèoe`n hú|cnecngenyo# agaco|nòcenyo zn ocoŔkocnvog dvpaa kdg~ceayı hnvnkenkpnòv'F~ yóvnè fov kn| `nĔoc# yóvnkco dcavak pnkvavcageacı`ıv'BnvŔn`ng úgin f~ ocoŔkocnvo dvpaa kdag úcèócnfocovznvocnv `ó|ngco# bı|cı zn yóvnkco foèoe`n yaĔcageacı`ıv'ĽŔcnpengog kngò oèync znvocnvo



182

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

agıyıva# ènzvn`ng hncng yogaccnv `n agaco| nòcnvnkdv~ecageacı`ıv' Pabeogcnv kıya# dvpa zn ~|~g za`ncodcavak hncoŔpovocnvnk bnv znvo yaĔcag`ıĔıgàngocngenco# yóvnkco hóginc p~p~ceacı zn oŔcnpengogypvapnloyo f~ga húvn Ŕnkoccng`ıvocencoòv'

ŗnkoc%9< K@Y(cnvogog nvkng ~ag yoypneo dcavak

k~ccagıceayı'

@ıŔavıàg hncnink fov kvo|og àba ockàchacavı boyynòcenn faŔcageayıgàg úgin#k~v~e~g úgnpoeogo fov yaz~gea kackagı dc~Ŕp~veaaúgncpnfocenk oèog# bnvŔn`ng úgin fov nvkng ~ag

yoypneogog zavcıĔı hnvnkenkpnòv' Kcayok fov nvkng ~avı yoypneo# ènzvngog yóvnkco foèoe`n o|cngenyo# znvocnvogèú|óecngenyo zn f~gcava àacı ypvapnlocnvogfncovcngenyog`ng ofavnppov' F~ yan`n ú|nccokcnènzvn`nko bı|cı `nĔoŔoecnvog àba fncovhogcnŔen`ngakacageayı# dvpaa èıkag ngo ocoŔkocnvog fncovcngenyo zne~bpnenc `nĔoŔokcokcnvog pabeog nòcenyoyaĔcagafocenkpnòv"01/'

Kcayok nvkng ~ag yoypnecnvogog yaıcagavavcavıga vaĔeng# K@Y(cnvog f~ aeaèca k~ccagıceaafaŔcaeayıca ngo fov fd~p zn úgne ka|ag`ıĔı

húvócenkpnòv' K@Y(cnvo bne kvo|cnvo úgin`ngachıcaea# bne `n úgcnen enkago|eayı dcavakk~ccageak eóekóg húvócenkpnòv' K@Y(cnvo znvo pafagı bne k~v~e oèo bne `n `ıŔıgàko znvocnvo hógincfoèoeocn oènvenyo# ocoŔkocnvo ed`nccnenyo znfochoyaavcavıg npkocnŔoeco foèoe`n k~ccagıceayı gn`ngocn# nvkng ~avı yoypneo dcavak payavcageayı znk~ccagıceayı# ng ~h~g dc dceakpa`ıv' Óypncok#úgnpoe kdgpvdc n`nfocninĔo `nĔoŔkngcnv ó|nvog`n

dgaavak kvo|o gayıc apcapafocninĔo kdg~y~gà}dcopokacav hncoŔpovninkpov"06/

2' Bókóenpog NkdgdeoKavavcavıga _úgncok Fov K@Y

Fov úvhóp a}ıyıgıg ng óyp kn`nenyog`nkoúgnpoiocnvog pnenc húvnzcnvo# }dcopoka ya}paea# kavavacea zn `ngnpoe foèoeog`n yıvacagafocov' Fov fakıea}dcopoka ya}paea à fov kavav póvó dcavak`nĔnvcngòvocnfocov' Èógkó }dcopoka kazvaeı# hngoŔ aèıàg fakıc`ıĔıgà# fncco fov aeaia ~caŔeak oèogkavav acıgeayı zn f~ kavavıg ~h~cageayı Ŕnkcog`npagıecagafocov' ĽŔcnpen úgnpoiocnvo ya`nin kngòjoveacavı ocn ochoco kavavcav aceacavıga kavŔıcık# ócknúgnpoeogo ncog`n f~c~g`~vagcavıg acaiakcavı kavavcav# dóckn`n aŔaag póe koŔocnvo zn k~v~c~Ŕpag akıgàgochocngòvninkpov' Ú|nccokcn úgnpoeog fncovco nkdgdeok

aeaècava ~caŔafocenk oèog kngò nkdgdeo }dcopokayı

gı

~h~caafocenyo zn f~ úg`n kavavcav aceayı k~Ŕk~y~|fóók úgne paŔıeakpa`ıv"09/#

Póvkon(gog nkdgdeo }dcopokayıgı fncovcnng zn~h~cageayıgı yaĔcaag Bókóenp# kaveaŔık a}ıcı#èdĔ~ kn| fncovyo|cokcnv paŔıag zn `dcaıyıca voyk~gy~v~ga yabo} kavavcav aceak |dv~gà`ıv' F~ póvkavavcav bnvhóg acıgag pnkvavcı zn }vdhvaecagafocngpóv`ng `nĔocòv' Akyogn# }vdhvaecagaeaag# ngo znhngnccokcn fov `njaa eaby~y kavavcav`ıv' _a}ıyacdceaag f~ póv ypvapnlok kavavcav óckngog hncninĔo ocnèdk akıgàg ochoco úgneco kavavcav`ıv'

K@Y(cnvogog ya`nin oŔcnpen fa|ıgà `nĔoc#eakvd ynzon`n Bókóenp kavavcavı oèog `nhncoŔpovocnfocov' Bókóenpog acaiaĔı zn ú|nccokcnnkdgdeok kavavcava `nypnk yaĔcaeak ó|nvn fov yoypneúgnvodv~|' F~ yoypne aŔaĔıà fncovpocngjdgkyodgcava yabo} dcaiakpıv<

a' Yoypne# ng faŔpa FaŔfakag(a zn FakagcavK~v~c~ óncnvogn `d Ĕ v~ ag `nypnk znvnfocninkynzon`n payavcageacı`ıv'

f' Yoypne# fov Nkdgdeok Nvkng âvı Yoypneodcavak k~ccagıcafocencoòv'

i' Yoypne# kvo| `~v~ecavı gà èaf~k kavav acea enkago|eayı dcavak k~ccagıcafocencoòv'

`' Yoypne# Póvkon nkdgdeoyo ó|nvog`n fov edgopúv húvnzo a}eacı# hncoŔencnvokavŔıcaŔpıveacı zn hvajokync dvpaeà agıgàúgnpoion y~geacı`ıv'

n' Yoypne# úgnpoiogog ava úgnpoeka`nencnvogn obpoaè `~~ceaàg znvocnvn `d Ĕ v~àg ~caŔ afocenyogo# agaco| a}afocenyogo znkavav acpnvgapojcnvo dc~Ŕp~vafocenyogn oekagyaĔcaeacı`ıv'

j' Yoypne bókóenpog ~h~caaiaĔı nkd%gdeok



18?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

}dcopokacavıg eakvd ynzon`n gn hofo ydg~ècavagn`ng dcafocninĔogo ynvhocnencoòv' _úgnpoion fúcn dcya "Xbap%oj/ agaco|cnvo a}ea oekagı yaĔcaeacı`ıv'

h' Yoypne# fov kavav acea cafdvap~zavı hofooŔcnencoòv' Yoypne# kavav acıiıa kavav

acpnvgapojcnvo y~geacı zn acıgaiak kavavcavıge~bpnenc ydg~ècavıgı npkocnŔoeco dcavak bnengy~geacı`ıv'

b' Yoypne bnv |aeag hóginc znvocnvcn èacıŔeacı#~vpoèo zn ~vp`ıŔı focho kagakcavıga `dĔv~àgfaĔcagpıyı dceacı`ıv'

ı' Yoypne èdk kdca k~ccagıcafocnink foèoe`npayavcageacı`ıv' HnvnkpoĔog`n# òĔnv acp fovoecnvogydv~cavıga à inza} znvnink foèoe`n`ó|ngcngenyo yaĔcageacı`ıv'

_~kavıà yú|ógó nppoĔoeo| Kavav @nypnkYoypneogog k~v~cafocenyo oèog fa|ı pnkgok ~gy~vcavıg

zavcı

Ĕı

ga obpoaè `~~caiakpı

v' F~ ~gy~vcavı

aŔaĔı

àyıvacıdv~|<

2'1' Znvopafagı Yoypneog avı fov znvopafagı dcaiakpıv'

Znvopafagı bne Póvkon bne `n `ıŔavàko znvokagakcag pavaj ıgàg fnycngninkpov' _~vp oèog`nko znvokagakcag avayıgà @ĽN# @]P# Poiavnp Dàcavı# Kae~K~v~c~Ŕpag# KĽP(cnv# Ógoznvyopncnv zn òĔnv ú|nck~v~c~Ŕcav yaıcafocov' _~vp `ıŔı znvo kagakcag oynFovcnŔeoŔ Eoccnpcnv# Azv~}a Pd}c~c~Ĕ~ zn @ógaFagkayı hofo k~v~c~Ŕcav agıyıva# ú|nccokcn ~c~ycavavayı fochoyaav aĔcavı`ıv' Ogpnvgnp oekagcavıgàg hngoŔ foèoe`n avavcagıcaiakpıv' Ľcho `~~cag póe óckncnv znynkpúvcnv`nko hncoŔencnv yóvnkco dcavak o|cngninkpov'

2'6' Ed`nc pafagı Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvogog ng úgneco

~gy~vcavıgàg fovoyo# kavav ed`nccnvogok~ccagafocenyoòv"00/' D bac`n# yoypne oèog`n foved`nc pafagı "ed`nc fagkayı/ k~v~caiakpıv' Yngavdcav f~ ed`nccnv k~ccagıcavakdc~Ŕp~v~cafocninkpov' Ed`nc pafagıgà pabeog#oypapoypokync# nkdgdenpvok zn yoeócaydg kavaved`nccnvogn nv znvocninkpov' Ed`nc pafagıgàkoed`nccnvog dc~Ŕp~v~ceayı# fakıeıgıg a}ıceayı#yóvnkco foèoe`n pnypcnvog a}ıceayı znhóginccnŔpovocenyogo yaĔcaeak ó|nvn fov ed`nc

payav ıe zn fak ıe envkn|o k~v~ceacı`ıv' F~ envkn|`n#oypapoypokync pacoeog úgpnecnvo# nkdgdenpvoked`nccnen pnkgokcnvo zn yoeócaydg pnkgokcnvokdg~y~gà ocnvo ynzon`n fochoco zn `ngnoeco }nvydgncoypobàe nòcencoòv'

2'9' Fochoyaav @dgagıe zn_a|ıcıeı K@Y(cnvo fochoyaav pnencco yoypnecnv

dc`~Ĕ~ga húvn# fochoyaav `dgagıeı zn a|ıcıecavıgaobpoaè `~~caiakpıv' F~gcav avayıgà ng úgnecoyogoa|ıcıe kıyeı dc~Ŕp~veakpa ıv' Hógóeó| kdŔ~ccavıgàóckneo|`n f~ a|ıcıecavıg hncoŔpovocenyo eóekóghúvócenkpnòv'

_a|ıcıe bo|enpcnvogo znvenk# znvopafagı yoypneogo k~veak# oŔcnpenk zn }vdhvaecavıga|ıceayıgı yaĔcaeak ó|nvn a|ıcıe óvnpen zn fakıeenvkn|ogog k~v~ceayı hnvnkenkpnòv' F~ envkn|`n `nfocho pnkgdcdlocnvo kdg~y~gà ocnvo ynzon`n fochoco zn`ngnoeco }nvydgncog húvnzcngòvocenyo hnvnkcohúvócenkpnòv'

Bókóenpog nkdgdeok kavavcavıga `ny%pnkznvenk ó|nvn payavca`ıĔıeı| yoypneog aga bapcavıgı ŗnkoc%0 ó|nvog`n húypnvodv~|'

ŗnkoc%0< Bókóenpog nkdgdeo kavavcavıga úgncokK@Y(gog aga ~gy~vcavı'

?' Ydg~èFocho èaĔıgı akacaeak |dv~gà dcag

óckneo|`n# fochoyaavcavàg zn focho pnkgdcdlocnvog`ngeóekóg dc`~Ĕ~ kaàv ja|ca foèoe`n avavcageakhnvnkodv' Focho pnkgdcdlocnvogn àacı úgnpoefoèoecnvogog ahıgcaŔpıvıceayı yanyog`n# hógóeó|ógkaveaŔık a}ıcı zn vnkafnpn àacı `ógayıga~~e yaĔcaeaeı| eóekóg dcafocninkpov'



12=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Focho pnkgdcdlocnvogn àacı úgnpoe foèoecnvoóckneo|`n oŔcnpencnv fa|ıgà kıyeng

~h~cageakpa`ıv' Agiak# f~gcavıg ng ocnvo Ŕnkco dcag znfochoyaavcava àacı oŔcnpen kavavcavıgıg acıgeayıgaúgncok èacıŔeacavıg# npnvco ynzon`n dc`~Ĕ~g~

yúcnneno|' Eakvd ynzon`n acıgag kavavcavıg úgneohú|úgógn acıg ıĔıgà# ocnvo focho pnkgdcdlocnvog`ng óckn

úgnpoeogo ncog`n f~c~gagcavıg# eóekóg dc`~Ĕ~gia èdkavavcageayı hnvnkpoĔogo yúcnnfocovo|'

Hógóeó|`n fochoyaavcav ya`nin fochoyaĔcaag `nĔoc; kavav acpnvgapojcnvo óvnpng yoypnecnvdcavak à k~ccagıceakpa`ıv' Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo f~

póv aeaècav oèog pnviob nòcenkpnòv' Kavav @nypnkYoypnecnvo óyp úgnpoeog ypvapnlok ynzon`n kavavcavaceayıgà úgneco fov nvn yabo}pov' Yú| kdg~y~

yoypnecnv úgnpoion gno a}eayı hnvnkpoĔogo nĔoc#

a}aiaĔı bnvbagho fov ncneog e~bpnenc ydg~ècavıgıggncnv dcafocninĔogo acpnvgapojcnv foèoeog`n y~gaiakpıv'Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvogog pabeog zn agaco| npngnĔoKavæv @nypnk Yoypnecnvogog yaıcag ú|nccokcnvogn`ngocn# eakvd ynzon`n kavav acıgag yanyog`n# fov

nvkng ~ag yoypneo dcavak k~ccagıceayı à eóekóghúvócenkpnòv' _úgnpoe fovoecnvog`n k~ccagıcafocov'ÚgnvòĔoeo| yoypne ocn Póvkon nkdgdeoyogoghú|cnecngenyo zn e~bpnenc kvo|cnvn kavyı fov nvkng~ag yoypneo dcavak k~cagıceayı; f~g~g à úpnyog`nngo kavavcavıg óvnpocenyog`n yoypnen fov av`ıeiı dcavak faŔz~v~ceayı eóekóg húvócenkpnòv' F~ yoypneav`ıeıca óyp úgnpoe acaiaĔı kavavcavıg e~bpnencydg~i~g~ hóginc oè zn `ıŔ znvocnvn àagavak`dĔv~àg kngòyo úĔvngnfocnink; nkdgdeo }dcopokayı `nĔoŔkngcnvo ocn dgaavak# `nĔoŔok yngavdcavı fochoyaavıg faŔıgà zn boè zakop kafnpen`ng pnypnòcnfocninkpov'



121

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@Ľ]GDPCAV

1' Vdfnvp L'PBONVA^J' @nioyodg Y~}}dvp Yypney jdvNjjnipozn ]caggoghAg` Idgpvdc< A Iayn Yp~` A}}vdib' ]vngpoin% Bacc' Ogi'# Nghcnxdd` Icojjy' GL# 1?26'y'>'

6' Bavo ÓCHNG# ĽŔcnpen _úgnpoeog`n Fochoyaavcav# Ľ'Ó'ĽŔcnpen Jakócpnyo _aıgı# 1?2=# y'2'

9' Bavo Ó1CHNG# a'hn''#y'2'0' Bóygó NVKAG# Focho Pd}c~e~ zn Nkdgdeok HncoŔen#

Póvkon ĽŔ Fagkayı Kócpóv _aıgcavı# 1??0# y'?:'>' ]npnv J' @VÎKNV# Hncnink Ľèog _úgnpoe "Ènz'Jokvnp

ÓÈIAG/# P'ĽŔ Fagkayı Kócpóv _aıgcavı# 1??># y' 11?' :' Bóygó NVKAG# a'h'n'# y'89' 8' _acèıg Ú\KAG# Hóynv @DG@^VEAIO# &Kavav @nypnk

Yoypnecnvo HncoŔpoven Yóvnio zn ^h~caeacavı# NĔopoe YneognvoGdpcag&# PF@ 16' ^c~yac FocoŔoe K~v~cpaı# 1??># y'9'

2' _acèıg Ú\KAG# Hócynv @DG@^VEAIO' a'h'g'# y'0'?' Kngag ^VAC# Ľypapoypok zn Kavav Acea# Ľ'Ó' Ľkpoyap Jakócpnyo#

1?89# y'0'1=' Bnvfnvp YEDG# Pbn Gnx Yiongi dj Eagahnengp @nioyodg#

Bnvfnvp * Vdx# 1?:=# y'1'11' P~vfag# N' @nioyodg Y~}dvp ag` Nr}nvp Yypney;

Eagahnvoac ]nipozny# Eaieoccag# 1?22# y'62' 16' Bnvfnvp YĽEDG# a'h'n'' y 1'19' Ncoay E' AXA@' Eagahnengp Ogjdveapodg Yypney<

Idgin}y# Ypv~ip~vn ag` A}}coiapodgy# PbnFnglaeogI~eeoghy ]~fcoyfogh id# Ogi'# 1?22# y'692'

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Nghog Dka/# Ľ'Ó' ĽŔcnpen Jakócpnyo @nvhoyo# I'9# Y'6# Kayıe 1?80# y'662'

18' Bngvo I' CÎAY# Ogjdveapodg Yypney Idgin}y jdv Eagahnengp# EiHvdx%Bocc# 1?82# y'61'

12' Nvdc NVNG# ĽŔcnpencnv`n Ypvapnlok ]cagcaea# CÛ' ĽŔcnpen Jakócpnyo# _aıg Gd<22# 1?8?' y'96%99' 1?' Bnvfnvp YĽEDG' a'h'n'' y'>'6=' @dgac` X' KVDNFNV# Xapydg# B^HB L'# Ide}~pnv Fayn`

ogjdveapodg Yypney< A Eagahnengp A}}vdaib# Eaivgoccdg]~fcoybogh id'# 1?28# y#86'

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69' Bngvo I CÎAY# Ogjdveapodg Yypney Idgin}y jdvEagahnengp# EiHvdx%Bocc# 1?82# y'61'

60' P~vfag# N' @nioyodg Y~}dvp ag` Nr}nvp Yypney;Eagahnvoac ]nipozny# Eaieoccag# 1?22# y'62'

6>' Avibofac` H'# @DGAC@# Eagahnengp ogjdveapodg Yypney#]nvhaedg ]vnyy# 1?8?# y'9?'

6:' P^VFAG# ahn'# y'6?'68' @dĔag KAVHÓC# Ľkpoyap Focoeog`n Ed`nccnvn HovoŔ# Ľ'Ó'

1?2=' y'91%96'62' Ľeàp KAVA# _úgncne AvaŔpıveayıgıg _úgpnefocoeo#

NykoŔnbov' Ľkpoyaò zn Poiavo Focoecnv Aka`neoyo# 1?8?' y'?6'6?' Ypnzng I' XBNNCXVOHBP# Y}avdy H' EAKVO@AKOY#

Ide}~pnv%Ao`n` Ed`nccogh jdv Eagainvy# A`òydg%Xnyon#1?86# y'8%2'

9=' _acèıg Ú\KAG# _úgnpoiogog _ngo @agıŔeagı< Kavav @nypnkYoypnecnvo# OFE Èú|óe @nvhoyo# 9' 1??6# y'0:'

91' Bavo ÓCHNG# a'h'n'# y'89%80' 96' _acèıg Ú\KAG# &Kavav @nypnk Yoypnecnvo&# Fochoyaav

@nvhoyo# Nkoe 1?82'

99' X' KNNG# H' V'XAHGNV# &@YY< Ag Nrni~pozn Eog`%Y~}}dvp Yypne&# @apaeapodg# Gdznefnv# 1?8?# y'118'

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9>' @dgac` X' KVDNFNV# Xapydg# B^HB L'# Ide}~pnv Faynògjdveapodg Yypney< A Eagahnengp A}}vdaib#Eaivgoccdg ]~fcoybogh id'# 1?2: y'962'

9:' Vdfnvp L' PBONVA^J# a'h'n'# y'82'98' _acèıg Ú\KAG# Hócynv @DG@^VEAIO# a'h'g'# y':%?'92' @dgac` X' KVDNFNV' Xapydg' B^HB L' a'h'n'# y'99>%99:'9?' Úenv @ĽGÈNV# Ypvapnlok _úgnpoe zn ĽŔcnpen ]dcopokayı#

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Póvkon(gog Nkdgdeo ]dcopokayıga _úgncok Fov Úvgnk&# Fochoyaav

@nvhoyo' Ba|ovag 1??6' y' ?0'

0>' _acèıg Ú\KAG# &Yoypneog Kacfo< Ed`nc Pafagı&#FocoŔoe

@nvhoyo#Pnee~| 1??6# y'0'=<



126

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

KA_GAKCAV

1' Axa`# Ncoay E'# Eagahnengp Ogjdveapodg Yypney<

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129

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

_ÚGNPĽE ZN CĽ@NVCĽK

AŔn Ú\PNKĽG

O%HĽVĽŗ ÈaĔcav fd~ ogyagıg oèog`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~ ng ~jak

pd}c~c~kpag èacıŔpıĔı k~v~ea# ócknyogn zn `ógaa kaàvhngoŔcnng fov |ogiovcn úgnpoe# ó|nvog`n `~v~cag ng

úgneco kdg~ dce~Ŕ; koŔogog kngògo úgnpenyog`ngfaŔcaı}# f~g~g# faŔavıyıgà gn kaàv úgneco fov npkngdc`~Ĕ~gàg fabynòceoŔ# f~ faĔcaeà à ènŔopcoúgnpoe ed`nc zn pav|cavı hncoŔpovoceoŔpov'

Fov óckn nkdgdeoyo dg~ dc~Ŕp~vag acp fovoecnvogpd}caeıgàg dc~Ŕ~v' F~ acp fovoecnvog pnencog`n oynóvnpoe jakpúvcnvo zn ogyag zav`ıv' ĽŔ baapıgà f~ pnenc#úgnpng# úgnpocng zn oèog`n f~c~g`~kcavı ea`ò zn}yokdcdlok dvpae`ıv# ago oŔ baapıgıg hnvènĔoòv "Apaa<18/'

Nkdgdeok hncoŔen`n faŔcıia opoio ~gy~v#acgı|ia jo|oko ynvean apıvıecavı dceaı}# agı |a%

eagà ogyag ~gy~v~g~g hncoŔpovocenyo èafacavıgı àka}yav' Úpn agàg `nypnkcnoio dcavak Ŕ~ à yúcngnfocovko; ynvean# focho zn bo|enp oŔcnvog`n ogyagıg nvognokaen focn nòcnen|' F~ faĔcaeà èaĔàŔ ~havcık`ó|nogn ~caŔeak# agiak ogyagı `nĔoŔpovenkcneóekóg`óv'

Fov k~v~e~g úgnpoe agcaıŔı# hngnc`n póeúvhópn "k~v~ea/ nhneng dceacı`ıv' Óyp úgnpoeogco`nvcok# nko} èacıŔeayı# }nvjdveagy hncoŔpoven# úvhóphncoŔpoven# ogyag kagakcavı úgnpoeo zn npko `nzvokdg~cavıga akcaŔıea# úvhópóg znvoecocoĔo# faŔavıyı znúgnpync |aeag ó|nvog`n èdk npkocoòv "Póvkeng< :2/'

_úgnpoe# oŔcnpengog úgneco fov jdgkyodg~`~v'_úgnpoeog fov acp jdgkyodg~ à úgncpenòv' _úgncpen#úgnpoiogog# aypcavıgıg jaaconpcnvogo npkocnenyo zn dgcavagn a}eacavı hnvnkpoĔogo focòvenyocn ochoco úgnpync fovjaaconppov "Eayyın< ?8/'

_úgncpen# fncco fov }cagcaeaàg ydgva dv%hago|aydg a}ıyıgıg dc~Ŕp~v~ceayı# fncovcngngaeaècava húvn }nvydgncog húvnzcngòvocenyo zn f~aeaècav `dĔv~cp~y~gà bavnknpn hnèovocenyoòv' F~vaàbavnknpn hnèovocengog òĔnv fov a`ı à hó`ócnen"edpozaydg`~v/' F~ faĔcaeà úgneco fov kazvaehóg`nen hncenkpnòv< Co`nvcok'

ŗoeòn kaàv oŔcnpencnvog znvoecocoĔog`nfaŔavı a à faŔavıyı|cıkcavıgà hú| av`ı nòcng fovkdg~ dcavak úgnpoio àzvagıŔcavı zn co`nvcok# èaĔàŔ pd}c~e zn k~v~ecavıg bı|ca hncoŔng `ógaa aak~`~vafocen èafacavıgıg fov ydg~i~ dcavak pnkvavhóg`nen hnceoŔpov'

Abenp _nynzo Ógoznvyopnyo Ydyac Focoecnv Ngypopóyó

@dkpdva Ú Ĕ vngioyo



120

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

OO% KAZVAE DCAVAK_ÚGNPĽE ZN CĽ@NVCĽKA' _úgnpync @óŔógingog PavobyncHncoŔoeo Ľèog`n _úgnpoeog Agcaeı Nzvngync fov kazvae dcavak _úgnpoe# bneng

bnv focoe àcı aèıyıgàg kngò òyo}cogo ènvènznyog`n

pagıecaga hnceoŔpov' Yo`gn Xnff(og oja`nyocn_úgnpoe# f~hóg`ng ópd}a(a kaàv bnv pd}c~eyac`ó|ng`n za|hnèocen| zn kacıiı dcavak zav dcaiakpıv'Ydv~g# &úgnpoio ncop knyoeog dc~} dceaaiaĔı& nĔoc# &gnpóv fov ncop knyoe dcaiaĔı& ıv "@acn< 8/'

_úgnpoe `óŔóginyo ogincnencnvo# Eocappagúgincnvn kaàv ogenkpn# bappa Ydkvap(pa koŔo gno ú%gnpovyn úgnpyog# úgnpoeog ogyagyı| dcaeaaiaĔı znogyagı gayıc úgnpninĔogo focenngcnvog faŔavıyı| dcaiaĔı Ŕnkcog`n oja`n f~ceakpa`ıv' _úgnpoeog avı fov focoeàcı dcavak ogincngenyo# ydg ó|ıcıg fov óvógó`óv' ^vnzn Fafahn(gog 129=(cavà a|`ıkcavı# úgnpoe acagıgıg

faŔcaghı

iı

dcavak kaf~c nòcenkpnòv "Iag# P~ginv#Abag< 199/'1?' '‟a hncogòĔog`n Pacdv# Hagpp#

Nenvydg# Hocfvnpb# Favpb &Focoeync _úgnpoe& akıeıgıgúgiócnvo dce~Ŕcav`ıv' Pacdv# jncynjnyog`n# focoeyncúgnpoeog pnencogog fovnync pnkgokcnv`n `nĔoc# fovoŔcnpengog úgnpocenyog`nko ngo p~p~ecavà dc`~Ĕ~g~yúcneoŔpov'

Hagpp# oŔèo }yokdcdloyo zn óvnpoe`n edvackazvaeı ó|nvog`n `~ve~Ŕp~v' Kıyaia# úgnpoe ocn oŔhóióocoŔkoyogn aĔıvcık znveoŔpov'

Jadc(ca fovcokpn úvhóp zn úgnpoe dch~y~#àba à ka}yaecı fov foèoe`n ogincngeoŔpov' Jadc

úgnpoiocnvog yabo} dceacavı hnvnkng gopncok zn npngnkcnvó|nvog`n húvóŔcnvogo focòvnvnk úgnpoe focoeognkapkıà f~c~ge~Ŕp~v'

1?98(cnvn hncogòĔog`n C~pbnv H~conk znCogàbc ^vxoik fov úvhóppn oŔfúcóeógóg úgneco dc%`~Ĕ~g~ dvpaa èıkav`ıĔıgı zn nŔhó`óeóg `n úvhópcnenzn `óŔógincnvo npkocnen dc~ca yaĔcagafocninĔogoyúcnòkpng ydgva úgnpoeog oŔcnzcnvogo ]DY@IDVF"]cagcaea# Úvhópcnen# Ka`vd _nvcnŔpoven# Ľàvn Npen#Kddvògn Npen# Va}dv Znven zn Fópèn Ba|ıvcaea/dcavak jdveócn npeoŔpov'

1?>=(cnv`ng ydgva Ed`nvg _úgnpoe K~vaecavı

ènvènznyog`n yoypne agaco|ogn aĔı

vcı

k znvoceoŔ# yoypneog}avèacavı# f~gcavıg fovfovcnvocn npkocnŔoecnvo# yóvnècnvo znyoypneog aeaècavı ogincngeoŔpov' F~gcava húvn# yoypneogock pnenc }avèayı fovn ocn dg~g úvhópn hnpovòĔo koŔocoka}ıyı`ıv "Póvknc< 11/'

1??=(cav ydgvayıgıg úgnpoe agcaıŔıgà oyn ngèdk yú| yabofo ]npnv @v~iknv dce~Ŕp~v' @v~iknv#

aeaècavıga húvn úgnpoe kazvaeıgı hncoŔpovo}# úgn%poe`n ngo hncoŔencnvo aeıŔ# fochocn ngo`nga}ıcageagıg úgneogn `nĔogeoŔpov'

_úgnpoe# úvhóp aeaècavıgıg npkoco zn znvoecodcavak hnvènkcnŔpovocenyo eakya`ıca# }cagcaea#úvhópcnen# óvópen# kddvògaydg zn kdgpvdc jdgkyo%dgcavıga ocoŔkog# kazvae# ockn# pndvo# ed`nc zn pnk%

gokcnvog yoypneapok zn focogèco fov foèoe`n eabavnpcn~h~cageayıca ochoco jaaconpcnvog póeó`óv "Favagync <2/'

_úgnpoe# fov focoe dc`~Ĕ~ kaàvıca òyo}%cogcnv avayı fov akcaŔıeı ago úgnpoiocok oŔog`n k~c%cagıcafocnink }nk èdk focoeog pndvo zn pnkgokcnvogo `nhnvnkpovov' F~ faĔcaeà úgnpoio oŔcnzogo nvogn hnpo%vovkng òĔnv focoe àccavıgàg à jaàcagıv'

Nkdgdeo focoeogog kngògn ~ĔvaŔ nògòĔoydgy~| ogyag obpoaècavıgıg kıyıpcı kagakcavca kavŔı%cageaa èacıŔıceayı ydv~g~# oŔcnpencnv oèog `n hnènvcoòv'F~vaà kagakcavıg# oŔhóiógóg# |aeagıg d}poeac fovŔnkoc`n àĔıcıeıgıg a}ıceayı zn k~ccagıceayı

hnvnkenkpnòv' F~ faĔcaeà úgnpoe ngo`ngpagıecagaiak dc~vya# fncovcngng aeaècava ~caŔeak oèogyabo} dc~gag kagakcavıg ogyag ~gy~v~ fa| acıgavaknpkog zn npkoco fov Ŕnkoc`n fov avaa hnpovocen yóvnioòv'F~ yóvniog oèog`n úgnpoeog jdgkyodgcavı dcavakyıvacagag ]cagcaea# Úvhópcnen# Kddvògaydg"~~ecaŔpıvea/# _úgncpen zn @ngnpoe f~c~geakpa`ıv'

F' _úgnpoeog Jdgkyodgcavı Ľèog`n Co`nvcok Kazvaeı ĽŔcnpengog _úgnpoe jdgkyodg~ ocn _úgcng%

òven acp jdgkyodg~# oŔcnpengog ogyag fd~p~ca oc%

hocngenkpnòv'Eayyın "1?29<?8/ &_úgcngòven&o úgnpoiogogaypcavıgıg jaaconpcnvogo npkocnenyo zn dgcava gn a}eacavı hnvnkpoĔogo focòvenyocn ochoco úgnpync fov jaaconpŔnkcog`n pagıecaeıŔpıv' _úgcngòven npkogcoĔo acgı|iaf~ pagıeca yıgıvcı kacıvya# f~ acgı|ia úgnpoioopagıecav' Dya úvhópcnv`n fncco fov aeaè oèog èacıŔagcavı úgcngòvnfocenk# yıvaàg fov úgnpoio dceagıg úpnyog`nfov pakıe ú|nccokcnvo `n hnvnkpovov ko f~ à &Co`nvcok&opagıecav' \ova _úgnpoiocok ocn Co`nvcok# javkcı kazvaecav`ıv "_úgnpoio zn Co`nv avayıgàko avıe faŔkafov faŔcık acpıgà ogincngninkpov/'

Hnvnk fóók k~v~c~Ŕcavıg faŔıgàko koeyncnv#hnvnk nzcnpog faŔıgàko koeyncnv# hnvnkyn &faŔavıcı }nkèdk oŔaàeı& pd}c~e~g co`nvo hofo húvócennfaŔcageıŔpıv' Dya co`nvcnvog úvgnk àzvagıŔcavynvhocnencnvo fnkcngov' Fo|oe àzvag`ıĔıeı| hofoàzvageaa kackıŔıvcavya bapa npeoŔ dc~vcav' Fo%



12>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

|oe àzvageak |dv~gà dc`~Ĕ~e~| hofo àzvagıvcavya`dĔv~ a}eıŔ dc~vcav "@v~iknv < 169/'

Co`nvcok kdg~y~gà Ŕoeòn kaàv èdk ja|capagıe a}ıcahnceoŔpov# F~ kazvaeı pagıecaea hovo%Ŕoeog`n f~c~gag koŔo yaıyı kaàv co`nvcok pagıeı dc`~Ĕ~focn yúcngov' Èógkó co`nvcok kazvaeı javkcı ogyag znk~v~ecav oèog javkcı Ŕncnv oja`n npenkpnòv' F~faĔcaeà hóè# dpdvopn# oŔcnpen úgnpoeo# oàvn# kdgpvdchofo kazvaecavca à kavıŔpıvıceaeacı`ıv'

Co`nvcoĔog èdk nykocnv`ng fnvo avapıceıŔcavó|nvog`n faykıg fov npkogcoĔo zav`ıv' F~ acgı| ogyagcav`nĔoc bazagcav oèog `n hnènvcoòv' Eoccnv zn E~v}b"1?>:/# Xavvng zn Eavdgn "1?:?/( a fncco fov fúchn`nonink oèog vnkafnp n`ng fov èojp eae~g~ pnyp npeoŔcnvzn kapı# faykıg fov bonvavŔoo hú|cnecneoŔcnvòv' @abakóèók bazagcavıg dvpa zna àba ókynk pnviobcooninkcnvn húvn àba `óŔók dcagcavı pnviob npen`n àbafaŔavıcı dc`~kcavıgı hú|cnecneoŔcnvòv "Eoccnv# E~v}b#1?>: <60?%6>>/'

Agı Ŕnkoc`n Fnvgypnog "1?:0/ avaŔpıveayıgàhv~} oèog`n faykıg dcag fov eae~g~g hv~}pag avıceayı bacog`n òĔnv eae~gcavıg jaaconpcnvogog avppıĔı# avıcageae~g hnvo `úg`óĔóg`n zn nyko faykıg pazvıgı pnkvavpakıg`ıĔıgà òĔnvcnvogog jaaconpcnvog`n fov azaŔcaeadc`~Ĕ~ hú|cngeoŔpov "Fayy Zn Ypdh`ıc<10/'

]nhaefnvcnv# vabo}cnv# vnoycnv# faŔkagcav znkvaccav dcavak co`nvcnv# Nyko zn _ngo Abo`(`n#]agoyba`cav(à "nyko Bogp òg kopa}cavıgà fovo/# _~%gagoypag( a zn Capog Kcayokcnvog`n# Ľykagògaz @ny%pagcavı(gà húvóc`óĔó hofo backcavı oèog fovnv ed`nc#pneyocio zn ynefdc dcavak bo|enp npeoŔcnvòv#

Gn`ng f~ koŔocnv a à co`nv kdg~e~gàkofncovco koŔocnv òĔnvcnvog`ng javkcıcık húypnvovcnv4 Gn`ngfa|ı co`nvcnv "Hagò# E~baeen`# Ead hofo/ ogyagcavadĔ~g fov havnp zn kngòcnvogo aàeaca pnckogcnv`nf~c~ge~Ŕcav`ıv4 Fa|ı co`nvcnv gayıc fóókoe}avapdvc~kpag k~ve~Ŕcav`ıv "L~co~y Ianyav# Apoccahofo/4 F~g~gca fovcokpn gn`ng fa|ı co`nvcnv faŔavıcavıga znhóècnvogn kavŔıg ago`ng a|cnòceoŔ zna bac(nòceoŔcnvòv"Ib~vibocc# Og`va Hag`bo# Ľvag ŗabı Vı|a ]nbcnzo hofo/4Gn`ng fa|ı co`nvcnv kngòcnvogo o|cnng zn co`nvcnvodc~gà aŔaecavıgı k~vfag npeno hú|n acag kopcncnvnyabo}cnv zn fa|ıcavı à f~gcavıg ó|nvog`n |~cóecnva}ı} ioganpcnv oŔcodv "Bopcnv# Ypacog hofo/4 Gayıc fa|ı co`nvcnv èdk fóók fov Ŕovknppog faŔkagı pavaj ıgàgkdz~c`~kpag ydgva faŔka fóók fov Ŕovknpo |dv `~v~eàgk~vpavavak d Ŕovknpog fóók kavcav nc`n npenyogoyaĔcaeıŔpıv "Cnn Oaidiia hofo/4

Koecnvog co`nv dc`~kcavı zna co`nvcoĔog gndcea`ıĔı kdg~y~gà y}nkócaydgcav zav`ıv# dce~Ŕp~v

zn hncninkpn `n dcaiakpıv' Co`nvcoĔog èdk knyog zn èdkhngnc fov pagıeı a}ıcaeaeakca fovcokpn# Co`nvcok#úgnpocng hv~f~g fóókcóĔógn zn póvógn fakıc%eakyı|ıg# hv~f~g# k~v~e~g zn fovnog aeaècavı `dĔv~cp~y~gà dgcavı úgcngòvenk# f~ ogyagcavı np%kocnenk# a`ıgcageıŔ zn a`ıgcapıceıŔ gopncokcnvcn ba%vnknp npenk yagapı`ıv'

Co`nvcok fov póv yagappıv# èógkó ng hngnc pa%gıeıca yagapèı# fov oŔo a}avkng ng oon ~caŔeakahıyıgı bn} oèog`n paŔıag koŔoòv' Èogcocnvog \ng@nvycnvog`ng acıgag fov kaıppa Ŕ~ a|ıcı`ıv ;

&_dc fov à Ĕ a fng|nv< gn kaàv ja|ca p ıv%eagıvyagı |# d kaàv ókyncov' _dc nvó|ógnfng|nv; gn kaàv ocnvo ho`nvyngo|# d kaàv úpnn

aıcıv' _ó|nync ú Ĕ vngiocnv hóècnvogo póknpov zn`~v~c~vcav' _acgı |ia a` ıgcagea oèog oypnk `~agcav _dc(~g `nvogcokcnvogn zavafocov'&

F~vaàg à agcaŔıc`ıĔı hofo bnv |aeag úĔ%vngen zn ng oon ~caŔea kahıyı# bnv |aeag èacıŔeaaea èdk èacıŔea# úgneco fovnv ~gy~v co`nvcok oèog' Co%`nvcok oèog# dcea|ya dcea| òĔnv fov kdŔ~c à %fncko `nng úgneco kdŔ~c% pd}c~c~Ĕ~ ka|ageakpıv' Pd}c~c~Ĕ~ka|ageagıg ng úgneco kdŔ~c~ oyn# ogyagcavıg ó%vnkcnvogog oèogo dk~eakpıv' F~ga ng hó|nc úvgnk dcavakApapóvk znvocnfocov' Apapóvk# backıg oèog`ng npoŔeoŔ#backıg `~h~cavıgı zn `óŔógincnvogo èdk oo agaco|n`nfoceoŔ# backıg gaf|ıgı p~pafoceoŔ# kıyaia backıgóvnĔogo dk~afoceoŔ zn f~g~ bnv |aeag backa eæc

npeno foceoŔpov'_ogn Èogcocnvog \ng @nvycnvo(g`n acıgagB~aghcdgh ŗngh(n enkp~}(pa Ŕúcn `ngenkpnòv"Icnav <0?/

_óvnkcnvog ka|agıceayı a à kafnòcenyo gayıckdca dcafocov4 Nyko `ó Ŕógóvcnv ogyagd Ĕ c~g~ fov kaı Ĕ a# óvn Ĕ o y~a fng|npeo Ŕcnvò % y~ kaı Ĕ ı pa Ŕı afocov zn agı |aeagà acafdva n`nfocov'Y~cav kaı Ĕ a ~h~g àzvagıvya kaık ó|nv# y~cav kaı Ĕ a ak ıv ı dc~vya kaık fapav' F~ ó|`ng# fov co`nv ogyagcav ıg óvnkcnvogo ka|ag` ı Ĕ ı |aeag#pd}c~c~k hnco Ŕov zn ogyagcav ıg óvnkcnvogo kafn`ngfov co`nv kafnòcov' Ľ gyagcav ıg óvnkcnvogopaeaeng ka|ageak pae fov hnco Ŕen `nenkpov#paeaeng kafnpenkyn pae fov vn`'

Ľo co`nvcnv pd}c~c~Ĕ~g akcıgı kngò akıccavı kıcavcav zn boè fov |aeag akıccavıgıg ú|nc úgavhıcavaka}ıceayıga o%



12:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

|og znven|cnv' Pd}c~c~Ĕ~g hú|cnvogo zn k~cakcavıgı kngòhú|cnvo zn k~cakcavı kıcavcav zn boè fov |aeag hú|cnvocnk~cakcavıgıg pavajcı dceayıga o|og znven|cnv' F~ ó|`ngydg~gà pd}c~c~Ĕ~g oypnĔogo kazvaafocov zn pd}c~c~Ĕ~g`~h~cavıgı agcaafocovcnv "Icnav< ::/'

I' Co nvcok Pagıecavı Co`nvcok javkcı ogyagcav oèog javkcı agcaecav

paŔıeakpa zn kócpóv`ng kócpóvn `n javkcıcık húypnv%enkpnòv' F~vaà fa|ı koŔocnv pavaj ıgàg a}ıceıŔ co%`nvcok pagıecavıga nv znvenk avavcı dcaiakpıv<

Co`nvcok# fov koŔogog# fncovco fov bn`nj `dĔ%v~cp~y~gà fov hv~f~g jaaconpcnvogo úgcngòvovkng kofovnync àzvagıŔ foèoeoòv "Bne}bıcc* Iddgy# 1?>8<8/

Co`nvcok# fnkcngpo zn npkocnŔoe oèog`nko fova}ıgıg faŔcapıceayı zn yóv`óvócenyoòv "Ypdh`ıcc# 1?80<011/'

Co`nvcok# `nĔoŔok npko `ó|ncnvog`n# fov k~%v~c~Ŕ~g aeaècag `dĔv~cp~y~gà èacıŔıvkng faŔkacavıgıgbavnknpcnvogo úgnpen ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~ zn avıiacıĔı`ıv' F~fov ed`nc a à yoypne`ng dc~Ŕea|' Boèfov úvgnk a àyoypne# co`nvog òĔnvcnvogog bavnknpcnvogo npkocnvkng kavŔıcaŔaiaĔı kdŔ~ccavı zn `~v~e~ úgin`ng pabeog nò}zavyaıeà f~c~gaea|' Co`nvcok ockncnvogog`nĔnvcngòvocenyo# ú|nc acagcavà faŔavı oèog úgnecoyaıcag úpnko npngnkcnvog `n dp~vp~caiaĔı npkog fovpnencòv "Vdfnvpy# 1?2? <10/'

Co`nvcok `ógnzo fov ú|nccokpov# vdeagpok `n%Ĕocòv# iag yıkıiı`ıv' Ú|óg`n coakap zav`ıv' Co`nvcok#kngòcoĔog`ng gn ooòv# gn `n av|~cagag fov Ŕnòv'Co`nvcok fov avaèpıv' F~gàg `dcaı ayıc ydv~g# co`nvcoĔogbagho aeaia úgncok dc`~Ĕ~`~v "@v~iknv< 162/'

Co`nvcok# úvhópcngeoŔ fov hv~f~g bn`njcngngfaŔavı `dĔv~cp~y~gà npkocngenyo yóvnioòv "Kap|*Kabg#1?82<>62/'

Co`nv# fóók }cagcavıg e~ioò zn faŔcapıiı%yı`ıv' Hv~f~g hóiógó ng oo Ŕnkoc`n k~ccagag koŔocnv#pd}c~e~g a}ıyıga úg znvngcnv èdĔ~gc~kpa dcagcav`nĔoc# co`nvcnvòv "F~vyacıdĔc~# 1?26 <62:/

Co`nvcok# èacıŔagcavıg faŔavıa ú|ngòvocòĔo fov

ènzvn oènvoyog`n jaaconppn f~c~geacavı

gı

yaĔcaaiakúgnpync npngnkcnvòv "Papav# 1??6 <::/'@' Co`nvcok zn _úgnpoiocokAvayıgàko Javkcav Co`nvcok kazvae dcavak úgnpoiocokcn ka%

vıŔpıvıcya focn boè fov |aeag nŔ agcaecı kazvaecav dc%eaeıŔcav`ıv' Bnv co`nv fov agcaeà úgnpoioòv# aea bnvúgnpoio fov co`nv `nĔocòv' Fnkcngng# úgnpoiocnvogfaŔavıcı dcafocencnvo oèog co`nvcok ú|nccokcnvogn yabo}dceacavı zn úcn àzvageacavı`ıv'

Co`nvcnv ocn úgnpoiocnvog nĔocoecnvo# eoy%dgcavı# húvóŔ zn `óŔógincnvo# àzvagıŔcavı# úvhópyncènzvncnvo zn nc`n nppokcnvo ydg~ècav fovfovog`ng javkcı`ıv'Bnv Ŕn`ng úgin co`nv pd}c~e~g oèog`ng èıkav# pd}c~eynènv# úgnpoio pn}n`ng apagıv'

Co`nvcok# òĔnv ogyagcavı fncovcngeoŔ a%

eaècava ~caŔeaa# oypnnvnk èafa húypnvencnvo oèog okganpen npngnĔoòv' F~ yóvnèpn úgneco dcag àzvagıŔaúgncenòv' _úgnpoiocok oyn# úgin`ng fncovcngeoŔ aeaècavıg hnvènkcnŔpovocenyo oèog kagakcavıgyaĔcageayı# úvhópcngenyo# }cagcageayı zn `ngnpoejaaconpcnvogog nŔhó`óe yaĔcagavak óvópócenyoòv'_úgnpoio f~ npkogcokcnvo bonvavŔok dpdvopnyogo# òĔnv fov`noŔcn npkoyogo k~ccagavak nvogn hnpovnfocov'

Co`nv zn _úgnpoio avayıgà koŔocok zn kavakpnva}ıcavı ocn àzvagıŔ foèoecnvo fakıeıgàg àjavkcıcıkcav zav`ıv' Co`nvcnv# ydyaccok# ogoyoapoj# hózng#}d}ócavopn# `nĔnvcnv# ocnpoŔoe pav|cavı# okga hóió#

faĔıeyı|cık hofo ú|nccokcnvn yabo}kng# úgnpoiocnv yıvaàgkoŔocnv dcafocov'Co`nvcnvog fncco fov kavo|eacavı zav`ıv' KoŔocnv

avayı ocnpoŔoecnvog`n f~ ú|nccokcnvogo k~ccagıvcav'_úgnpoiocnv`n kavo|ea avagea|'

Co`nvcnv eoydg zn aeaècavıga ~caŔeaàfncovhog oŔavnpcnv húypnvovcnv' Aea úgnpoiocnv aeaècavı kdg~y~gà aba ynyyo| zn fncovyo|òvcnv'

Co`nvcnv oŔ bnniagıgı bnv |aeag oècnvog`n`~avcav aea úgnpoiocnv f~g~ fov húvnz `~h~y~caa}avcav'

_úgnpoiocnv fov vdcó dg~dve~Ŕ hofo àz%

vagı

vcav # co`nvcnv kngòcnvo dcavak àzvagı

vcav'Co`nvcnv# àba èdk payavcageıŔ# }vdlncngò%voceoŔ baaccnv zn avı avı fncovpoceoŔ `óŔógincnvcnochocngovcnv# úgnpoiocnv àba èdk oŔog kngòyocn ochocngov'Co`nvcnv `óŔógincnvogo baac npenkcn kacea| f~`óŔógin zn baaccnvo hnvènkcnŔpovenkcn kacea| òĔnvogyagcavı à yıkı èacıŔpıvıvcav' _ngocokcnvo ~h~caeak znvoykcnvo aceakpag hnvo `~vea|cav' _úgnpoiocnvyn àbaèdk kngòcnvogn znvocng húvnzcnvo nvogn hnpovovcnv'_úgnpoiocnvog bn`njcnvo# úvhópóg a}ıyıga`nvogcnenyogn dp~vp~ce~Ŕ }ayoj bn`njcnvòv' _acgı|iak~v~e~g hnvnkyogoecnvogo avaŔpıvıv# voyko hú|n acea|'

Co`nvcnv úgnpoiocnvn húvn àba èdk `nĔoŔoeneóyaoppovcnv'

Co`nvcnv zo|dg yabofo koŔocnvkng úgnpoiocnv~h~caeaa úgncok koŔocnvòv'

ĽcnpoŔoe# bne úgnpoiocnv bne `n co`nvcnv oèogúgne paŔıag fov kazvae dceakca fovcokpn pav|cavı javkcı`ıv' _úgnpoio oŔavnpcnvcn ocnpoŔoe k~vavkng # co`nvaèıkèa fnag nòceoŔ enyalcavı pnviob n`nv' ÚvgnĔogJdv` Edpdv(à Cnn Oaiidia(gıg dc~ey~| `ngnoeo f~gaúvgnk znvocnfocov' ĽŔpng èıkagceaàg úginko ydg



128

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

úgnpoe k~v~c~ pd}cagpıyıgà úgneco kavavcav kngòyohú| av`ı nòcnvnk acıgeıŔpıv# òĔnv oŔavnpcnv `n dga fovfaŔka nv`n oŔ avaeayı hnvnkpoĔogo focòveoŔpov' F~ póvúvgnkcnvn bnv |aeag bnv k~v~e a à hv~f~g oèog`nvaypcaeak eóekóg`óv'

_úgnpoiocnv`n hóècó fov aop dcea `~h~cavı zav`ıv' Kngòcnvogo bnv |aeag f~c~g`~kcavı hv~} a àúvhópóg fov }avèayı dcavak húvóvcnv' Co`nvcnvog javkcıcık`~h~y~ òĔnv fovncnvog pakòv `~h~y~ca`nypnkcngeoŔpov'

CĽ@NVCĽK K^VAECAVO ZNCĽ@NV PĽ]CNVĽ O'O'Co`nvcok K~vaecavı

Co`nvcok èacıŔeacavı zn avaŔpıveacavı pavoboopofavocn èacıŔagıg enpd`dcdlok pnviobcnvogn znkazvaeı achıcaıŔ foèoeogn húvn javkcıcık húypnveoŔpov'F~g~gca fovcokpn 1' KoŔoync akcaŔıe 6' @~v~eyac_akcaŔıe # 9' NpkocnŔoe%Fnkcngpo _akcaŔıeı Ŕnkcog`nhngnccngnfocov'

Co`nvcok K~vae zn AvaŔpıveacavı Pavobync NĔocoeo

@úgneTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT _akcaŔıe TTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT Aga Pnea

1?0=(cavıg ydg~ga kaàv Ko Ŕoynccok _akca Ŕıeı Co`nvcok npngnĔo `dĔ~Ŕpag hnpovocov

1?0=(cavıg ydg~gàg

1?:=(cavıg ydg~ga kaàv @azvagı Ŕ _akca Ŕıeı Npkog co`nvcok# co`nvog gayıc

àzvagaiaĔı ocn ochocngov'

1?:= %1?2= @~v~eyaccık _akca Ŕıeı Npkog Co`nvcok `~v~eàg npkocngov'

1?2=(cnv`ng f~ aga _ngo co`nvcok akcaŔıeı Co`nvcnvog zo|dga obpoaiı

"kavo|eapok co`nvcok aboc/ zav`ıv' Fveagg#

1??6

A' KoŔoync Co`nvcok K~vaeı Ľck k~vaeiıcava húvn co`nvcok kacıpıeyac`ıv'

F~ga húvn `n hóècó dcagcav aŔaecavıgı yóv`óvninkcnvòv' Jo|dcdlok agcaeà à co`nv dcavakhúvócng koŔocnv òĔnvcnvog`ng javkcı`ıv' HúvógóŔógógúpnyog`n kdg~Ŕeayıgàko javknòcovcok# ydyd%nkdgdeok yahıgcık# pagıgeıŔcık# agcaıŔcıcık hofoú|nccokcnv f~ k~vaeıg co`nvcok zavyaıeı oèog`nòv' F~

k~vaeı

g yaz~g~i~cavı

oèog`n J'A' XDD@Y "PbnOgjc~ngin dj Edgaviby# 1?19/ zn L' @DXG "Idgpvdc OgB~eag Ydionpony# 1?9:/# D' PNA@ "Pbn Avp dj Cna`vybo}# 1?9>/ yaıcafocov' ,

F' @~v~eyac Co`nvcok K~vaeı F~ k~vaea húvn co`nv# hnvocoe# `nĔoŔen zn

~avcagea `úgnecnvog`n dvpaa èıkag ydv~gcavı èú|nfocen npngnĔogn yabo} dcag koŔoòv' F~ k~vae#aypcavıg# òĔnv úgnpoiocnvog# óypcnvog zn `ıŔavàkokoŔocnvog fov úgnpoiogog ó|nvog`nko úgnpoiocok vdcócn

ochoco dcavak ne}d|ncnvog`ng# co`nvog fovoeog`nko oŔ faŔavıyı# aypcavıg npngnkcnvo# edpozaydga zn co`nvogdpdvopnyogn# kavav znvnfocen npoyogn kaàv `~v~eyacjakpúvcnvog úgneogo z~vh~caeakpa`ıv "_~kc< 0/'

Bnvbagho fov `~v~e# co`nvcok gopncokcnvogo zn d`~v~ea ~h~g co`nvo ya}paeaà fóók fov vdc dgav'Co`nv# npkoco co`nvcok oèog èacıŔagcavıg obpoaècavıgı pnŔboyn`nfocencoòv' _ngo }nvydgncog a à ydv~ec~c~kaceaa oypnkco a à npngnkco dceaagcavıg co`nvogúgcngòvenyogn obpoaècavı zav`ıv' ]nvydgnc oŔoúĔvngòkpng a à oypnkco bacn hncòkpng ydgva# nĔnv bacakngò faŔıga oŔ húvenn npngnkco `nĔocyn# co`nvogaèıkcaeaca |dvcaeaı fovcnŔpovenyo hnvnkov' AgiakèacıŔagcav `ngnoe ka|agı} ú|hózngcnvo avppıkèa co`nvfov oŔog ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~g~ faŔkayıga `nzvn`nfocov' F~co`nvcok akcaŔıeı èacıŔagcavı yóvnkco `nĔnvcngòveno zn

fncco fov nygnkcoĔo hnvnkpovov "Xnvgnv <9>/'F~ k~vaeıg yaz~g~i~cavı avayıgà N'Y'FDHAV@^Y "Nyyngpoacy dj Ydioac ]yibdcdh# 1?12/#L'YIBGNO@NV "Pbn I~cp~vac Yop~apodg Ay A IdgòpodgJdv Pbn Aibonznengp dj Jaen# 1?98/# A%L' E^V]B_"A Yp~` dj Pbn Cna`nvybo} ]vdinyy# O?01/ "avıgpıcı focho oèog fk|' V' Ypdhòcc# Cna`nvybo} Bag`fddk'/

I' Ú|nccok zn _npngnk K~vaeı F~ k~vaeà co`nvcnvog koŔoync kapkıcavı

z~vh~cageakpa`ıv' Úgincnvo co`nvcok k~vaecavı#co`nvcnvog faŔavıyıgà fopen| pókngen| ngnvlo# okga hóió#

nyvavngho| ocnvo húvóŔcócók# kavŔı kdg~cea| okga hóióhofo yıva `ıŔı ú|nccokcnvn yabo} dceagıg kapkıàf~c~g`~Ĕ~g~ fncovpeoŔcnvòv' 1?9= %1?0=(cav `úgneog`nagcaŔıceayı |dv dcag f~ ú|nccokcnvo knŔjnpenk oèogó|cnvin èacıŔea zn avaŔpıveacav a}ıceıŔ agiak co`nvogfaŔavıyıgı havagpocnng knyog fov àzvagıŔ f~caeaeıŔcav`ıv'

Ú|nccok akcaŔıeıga húvn co`nv# ogyoapoj znvoyk aceakpag bdŔcagıvcav# faŔavıa èdk ja|cahnvnkyogoe `~avcav zn faĔıeyı|cıkcavıga`óŔkóg`óvcnv' Ú|nccok akcaŔıeıgıg agabpav}vngyo}cnvog`ng fovoyo# `óŔógincnvog `nghnyoòv' Npkogco`nvcnv kaèıgıceayı eóekóg dceaag vdc èncoŔkocnvogo~h~g fov Ŕnkoc`n `nghnn dp~vpag koŔocnvòv"_^KC'<16/'

@' @azvagıŔ K~vaeı @azvagıŔ akcaŔıeı co`nv zn úgnpoiocnvog oŔpn

hnvènkpn gn a}pıkcavıca ochocngov' _úgnpoiocnvog|aeagcavıgı gayıc hnèovòkcnvo# bagho jaaconpcnv`ndàkcag ıkcavı úgnecoòv' F~ akcaŔıeà òĔnv fovavaŔpıvea npkog zn npkog dceaag co`nvcnv avayıgàko



122

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

àzvagıŔ kacı}cavıca ochocoòv' Co`nvcok àzvagıŔı ocnaypcavıg papeogo zn faŔavıyı avayıgàko ocoŔkoo úcèngó|cnvin agknp a}ıceıŔpıv' F~vaà fncovcngennèacıŔıcag# co`nvog àzvagıŔıgıg aypcavıg faŔavı zn oŔ papeogogo gayıc npkocnòĔoòv'

N' ĽŔn _úgncoecocok zn Fovnn_úgncoecocok K~vaeı Dbod Ypapn zn Eoibohag Ógoznvyopncnvogog

èacıŔeacavı `dĔv~cp~y~gà hncoŔpovoceoŔ fov co`nvcokakcaŔıeı`ıv' Co`nvcok oŔn úgncoecocok zn fovnnúgncoecocok aèıyıgàg ncn acıgeıŔpıv'

ĽŔn úgncoeco co`nv hv~f~g foèoeyncaeaècavıga ~caŔeayı oèog kngògog zn aypcavıgıgvdccnvogo fncovcnv' F~ po} co`nv# oŔcnvog |aeagıgàfopenyogo oypnv# }nvjdveagy oèog knyog ypagàvpcavkdav# f~ ypagàvpcava ~~ceayıgı fnkcnv # dg~g oèogúgneco dcag oŔog paeaecageayı`ıv'

Fovn úgncoeco co`nv aypcavıga avkaàŔèaakcaŔıv# dgcava `nypnk znvov# hv~f~g oypnk znobpoaècavıga úgne znvov' Kavav znvovkng dgcava jokovàgıŔıv' "_^KC ;8>/'

AvaŔpıveacav ydg~gà nc`n nòcng hngnc kagı#fovn úgncoeco co`nvcnvog aypcavı ó|nvog`n àba dc~ec~npko fıvakpıĔı# dgcavıg oŔ papeogo zn }nvjdveagycavıgı ókyncppoĔo Ŕnkcog`n dceakpa`ıv'

ĽŔn úgncoecocokcn ochoco dcavak Ldbgy# oŔnúgncoeco co`nvog vdc fncovyo|coĔogo a|acppıĔı oèog edpoznnòio fov ~gy~v dc`~Ĕ~g~ `dcaıyıca papeog yaĔca`ıĔıgı yaz~g~vkng# Zacng|o zn @nyycnv `n yú|kdg~y~ ocoŔkogog

|aıj dc`~Ĕ~g~ ocnvo yóvenkpnòv' Aycıgà oŔnúgncoecocok zn fovnn úgncoecocok avı ~ècav dcavakhúvócenencoòv' Úgneco dcag okoyogog avayıgà `nghnk~v~ceayı`ıv "EogofaŔ <:=/'

J' R % _ K~vaeı @d~hcay EiHvnhdv(a húvn# bnv oàvo kavav zn

àzvagıŔıg av`ıgà ogyagıg `dĔayıca zn àzvagıŔcavıgaocoŔkog fov pakıe zavyaıecav f~c~v zn dpdvopnv kavav aà àzvagıŔcav fa|ı zavyaıecavàg kagakcagıv' RK~vaeıgıg zavyaıecavı Ŕúcn ú|npcngnfocov;

1' Yıvaàg ogyagıg `dĔayıgà oŔo ynzenen

`~h~y~ apav zn eóekóg dc`~Ĕ~gia oŔpng kaèav'6' ÈacıŔagcavıg f~ ú|nccokcnvog`ng `dcaı# oŔndgcavı |dvcaeacı# `ngnpcnenco# úgcngòvenco zn in|aoa}pıvıecav ~h~caeacı`ıv'

9' Yıvaàg ogyag úgcngòvoceno nĔcnv#ydv~ec~c~kpag kaèav# bıvyı a| ıv zn bnv Ŕn`ng èdkhózngin oypnv'

R k~vaeıgıg zavyaıecavı póe kdŔ~ccavacpıgà hnènvcocoĔogo kdv~aeaeakpa`ıv zn fayophnvnkyogoecnv kavŔıcag`ıkpag ydgva# koŔocnv àba óyp

`ó|ncnv`nko hnvnkyogoecnv pavaj ıgàghó`ócngenkpnòvcnv' F~ `~v~eà _ K~vaeı hncoŔpovoceoŔpov' _ K~vaeıgıg zavyaıecavı oyn<

1' ĽŔpn jo|okync zn |obogync èafa yavj nòcenyo d~g dgaeak zn ogcngenk kaàv dĔac`ıv'

6' KoŔo aeaècava ~caŔeaàin|acag`ıvıceaàg à faŔavıcı dcafocov' KoŔo faĔcag`ıĔı aeaècav `dĔv~cp~y~gà kngò kngògo úgcngòvnink zn`ngnpcnninkpov'

9' Aeaècava faĔcageak# faŔavıceacavı `~v~e~gà acıgaiak ú`óccnvog fov jdgkyodg~`~v'

0' Ľgyag gdveac kdŔ~ccav acpıgà acgı|ia

kaf~ccngeno `nĔoc# ydv~ec~c~k aceaı à úĔvngov'Ydv~ec~c~kpag kaèea# bıvyıg dceaeayı zn hóznginnúgne znvocenyo# kacıpıeyac fov ogyag ú|nccoĔo `nĔocòv#`ngnoecnvog ydg~ècavı`ıv'

>' Úvhópync ydv~gcavıg èú|óeóg`n# húvncodcavak ókynk `nvnin`n baac hóió# fninvo znavapıiıcık k~ccagea npngnĔo# pd}c~eà ahıg dcavakf~c~geakpa`ıv'

:' ÈaĔàŔ ng`óypvonc aŔae kdŔ~ccavıgàyıvaàg ogyagıg |obogync dcagakcavıgıg acgı|ia fovfúcóeóg`ng avavcagıceakpa`ıv "Póvkúng<88%82/'

Kıyaia R k~vaeıgà fópóg úgneco kavavcav

co`nv pavaj ı

gàg acı

gı

vkng zn dpdkvapok# oŔn úgncoeco fovp~p~e ynvhocngovkng# _ K~vaeıgà acp `ó|n`nkoèacıŔagcav kavav acea yóvniogn kapıceakpa`ıvcav#co`nvcnv àba èdk fovnn úgncok p~p~eynvhocnenkpnòvcnv' F~vaà koŔocnv úvhópcngenn znhó`ócngenn apkıg ıvcav' Aeaècavıg hnvènkcnŔpovocenyooèog óyp zn aypcav oŔfovcoĔo oèog`n èacıŔıvcav'

OO' CĽ@NV PĽ]CNVĽ Pavob fd~gia ogyagıg zn pd}c~e~g zav

dc`~Ĕ~ nv`n d pd}c~c~Ĕ~g zn ogyagıg úgnpoeog`ngfabynòceoŔpov' _úgnpoe ogyag oèog# ogyagca fnvafnv#ogyagı úgnpeno oja`n n`nv' Kdg~ `dĔv~cp~y~gàco`nvcok aèıyıgàg dcaa fakıcıvya# oko koŔo avayıgàkojavkcı fov koŔo`ng# kopcncnvo }nŔog`ng yóvókcnng fovfaŔka koŔon kaàv dcaıg aycıgà `nĔoŔenòĔogo# ag%



12?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

iak fd~p~g# |aeagıg zn enkægıg `nĔoŔpoĔo hú|cngov'Co`nvcok# jncynjo agcaeà fov póv fovnync

npokpov' Co`nv dcag koŔocnv bnv |aeag fovnv úgnpoiodceaafocovcnv# fov `nzcnp aàeı zna fov pd}c~c~Ĕ~gfaŔıgàko bnvbagho ynèoceoŔ fovocnvo `n dceaafocovcnv'

Aea d fovocnvo zav`ıv ko# hv~} a à pd}c~c~k oèog`nzavcıkcavıgı e~pcaka boyynppovovcnv' Èógkó f~ koŔocnv# co`nvú|nccoĔogo paŔıag f~ koŔocnv# acıŔıceıŔ zn hngnc àzvagıŔ foèoecnvogog `ıŔıgà àzvagafocng# ydv~ec~c~k yabofo#èacıŔkag# fovnync èıkavcavıgı pd}c~eyac èıkavcavıghnvoyog`n fıvakeaı fninvnfocng# backca fovcokpn dc~}backpagcıkcavıgı opovenng# Acfnvp Iae~y(~gZnfa(yıgàko dkpdv po}og`n koŔocnvòv'

F~g~gca fovcokpn co`nvcnvo pnk po}n zn ú|nccoĔnyıĔ`ıveak à }nk eóekóg `nĔocòv' Co`nvcok pd}c~eàgpd}c~ea# kócpóv`ng kócpóvn# |aeagàg |aeaga zn ngúgnecoyo fov k~v~e a à hv~f~g aeaècavıga húvnjavkcıcık húypnvov' F~ javkcıcıkcav ydg~i~gà javkcı co`nvcok `nĔnvcnvo zn javkcı co`nv po}cnvo dvpaa èıkeıŔpıv'Co`nv po}cnvogo Ŕúcn hv~}cag`ıveak eóekóg`óv<

1' Dpdkvapok Co`nvcok6' Kavo|eapok Co`nvcok9' @nedkvapok Co`nvcok0' Ynvfnyonpèo Co nvcok "Caoyyn|% Jaovn/>' Npkog Co`nvcok

A' Dpdkvapok Co`nvcokCo`nvog àzvagıŔ zn kavavcavıgı hncngnkcnvog

fncovcnòĔo# èdĔ~ knvn ògo dpdvopn Ŕnkcog`n dvpaa èıkagco`nvcok po}oòv' Dpdkvapok co`nvcokpn# co`nv ng ydgeakae`ıv zn knyogcokcn co`nvog }apvdg~g papeogo ú%gnecoòv' Kavavcavı pnk faŔıga acıv# `ngnpcnv# neovcnv znvov#kapı fov òyo}cogioòv' Ypapó `óŔóginyog`nòv' Envbaenpogogyagcavı ŔıeavpaiaĔıga ogagıv' ÈacıŔagcavıga ogyoapoj znvenòĔog`ng èacıŔagcav avayıgà ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~faŔkacavıga ókcnenk# `nòkd`~ zn ojpova ahıg ıv# hv~}oèn `úgók# b~|~vy~| fov a}ıa yabo}pov# Hv~f~g óncnvobn} kngòyogog agıgà# akıgıgà dceak oypnv zn f~aeaè `dĔv~cp~y~gà òĔnvcnvogo n|enn# `ıŔcaeaa

èacıŔıv' Dpdkvapok co`nv hv~} óncnvogo fovfovogn kdgpvdcnppovov' Fúcnin bnvkny co`nvn faĔcı hofo húvógóv aea kngòoècnvog`n vnkafnp bacog`nòvcnv'

Dpdkvapok co`nv# ypagàvpcava yıkı yıkıafaĔcı`ıv' F~gcavàg ng ~jak fov ya}ea co`nvo kı| ıvıv'FaŔavıyı|cıĔa pabaeeócó dkp~v' Kngò dpdkvapcıĔıgı a`yıag zna kngòyogn bókenpenn kackag fovocnvogong akıg j ıvyappa ~|akcaŔpıvıv' PavpıŔeaa zna

ncnŔpovon knyogcokcn aèık `nĔocòv' Bnv kdg~à ng`dĔv~y~g~ kngòyogog focòĔogn ogagıv'

Faykı dc~ca zavcıĔıgı yóv`óvóv' Hncninkpn kngònvogn ba|ıvca`ıĔı fovocnvo dkp~v' \apng nko} èacıŔeayıgaogagea| zn a}ea|' Bn} co`nvog papeogo yú| kdg~y~dc`~Ĕ~gàg èacıŔagcav Ŕajakca fnvafnv oŔn hncov# }apvdgèıkeaàg ho`nen|cnv zn kdgpvdc yıvayıgà bn}èacıŔıdve~Ŕ hofo húvógóvcnv' Aea èdĔ~gc~kcaznvoecocokcnvo óŔókpóv'

F' Kavo|eapok Co`nvcokF~ po} co`nvcnv àba èdk f~gacıecı `úgnecnvog

avappıĔı co`nvcnvòv' Avkacavıgàg kopcncnvo yóvókcnenofocovcnv' F~ po} co`nvcnv`n `dĔ~Ŕpag hnpovocng# ogyagóypófov pakıe ú|nccokcnvog dc`~Ĕ~ga ogagıcıv' F~ po} co`nvcnvogkoŔoync ènkoiocokcnvo zav`ıv' Kngòyogn bn} fovk~vpavıiıeıŔ hofo fakıcıv' Kavo|eapok a}ıa yabo}co`nvcnv agı |aeagà dpdkvapok co`nvcnvòv'Ènzvnyog`nko koŔocnv àvà kac`ıkcavıgà dg~g yú|cnvognfakavcav' Kavo|eapok co`nv# dc húypnvoioòv agiak f~úgcngòven Ŕnkcog`n dceaı} agıcpıiı`ıv'

Aycıgà kavo|ea# pd}c~eà co`nv dc~Ŕp~v%eaeagıg dc~ bacogn hnceoŔpov' Èógkó kavo|ea co`nvoagıcea| dc`~Ĕ~gàg neog bacn hnpovov zn `nĔoŔennpngnĔogo dk n`nv' Co`nv co`nvcoĔo# vópfn zn avıiacıkdcavak húvóv'

Kavo|eapok co`nvcnv èacıŔıvkng agcavıgàhóècó enyao avkaàŔcavıgıg dceayıgı oypnen|cnv znhngnccokcn ka`vd pneo|coĔocn ochocngovcnv' Kavo|eapokco`nvcoĔn znvocnfocnink ng hó|nc úvgnk# Bopcnv zn

Ypacogòv' F~ co`nvcnv úgcngòvoio dceaı}# kopcncnvo}nŔcnvog`ng yóvókcnencnvogn kavŔıg# ogyagcıĔa nŔo hú%vóceneoŔ ıypıva}cav ènkpoveoŔcnvòv' F~ pı} co`nvcnv`nhúvócng fov ú|nccok `n kngòcnvo avıcıv avıcea| znaúcóv úcen| dvhago|aydgcavı fd|~ceakpa`ıv' Ypacogúc`óĔóg`n V~ya(à dcag `~v~e hofo' Agı `~v~eŔovknpcnv`n `n yú| kdg~y~ dcafocenkpnòv#

I' @nedkvapok Co`nvcokBne kde~pa n`ng bne `n dc húypnvng co%

`nvcnvo pagıecaag fov po}cnenòv' Dgcavà úgnpen znnevnpen hóió akıciı`ıv' Zavcıkcavıgı yóv`óvencnvo

akıciıcıkcavıgı yóv`óvencnvocn `dĔv~ dvagpıcı`ıv'Aypcavıga kavavcava kapıcea bakkıe znvovcnv' _úgnpoenvkogo aypcavıca }acaŔıv# npko `nzvogo hnvènkcnŔpovovcnvzn ncnŔpovon aèıkpıvcav' Ydv~g zn kavavcag pavpıŔeaaaèav# aypcavıgıg ogyoapoj yabofo dceacavıgı zn ynvfnypènocnpoŔoe yaĔcaeacavıgı oypnvcnv' Aypcavıg úgnpoiocoknpngnkcnvogo hncoŔpovovcnv' Ú|nc oepoa| zn ypapójavkcavıgıg bakoe dcaiaĔı ka`nenco fov hv~} a%



1?=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

}ıyıgıg hncoŔenyogn nghnc dceaa èacıŔıvcav' F~ po}ogòĔnv fov a`ı à kapıcıeiı zn }acaŔıeiı co`nvcokpov'

@nedkvapok co`nv# hv~fa bo|enp n`nv' Hv~f~gbavnknpcnvogog úgógó agcaı}# hv~}pag úgin d úgnbavnknp n`nv' @nedkvapok co`nv èdk ng`nv dcavak

hv~}pag óypóg`óv' @nedkvapok co`nvcok yú| kdg~y~dc`~Ĕ~gà fov ydv~g~ fovcokpn èú|enn èacıŔag fov hv~}ogyag yú| kdg~y~`~v' Knyogcokcn fov nko} èacıŔeayı zav`ıvzn pnŔzok nòcov' F~ po} co`nvcokpn oŔ papeogogn hv~}faŔavıyı ocn ~caŔıcıv'

@' Ynvfnypo Pagıag Co`nvcok Caoyyn| %Jaovn Co`nvcok `n `ngocov' Aypcavıg

kngò aeaècavıgı kngòcnvogog fncovcnencnvogn zn kng okavavcavıgı kngòcnvogog aceacavıga àagag fov co`nvcokpo}oòv' Co`nv# kngò vdcógó òĔnv hv~} óncnvogogko hofohúvóv# hv~} óncnvogog fovnync bavnknp npencnvogn o|og

znvov# hv~f~g èacıŔeacavıga kavıŔea|' Kavavcavı hv~} acıv#co`nv ~h~cav' _npko zn nvk hv~}pa`ıv' Hv~f~úgcngòvnen|# hv~} dg~ úgcngòvov'

N' Npkog Co`nvcok Fópóg co`nvcok po}cnvog`n ú|nccokcnv |aeag

|aeag fovfovogn kavıŔeakpa`ıv' F~g~gca fovcokpn òĔnvhv~}cavà dcag fov ú|nccokcn koŔon co`nv `nenk `neóekóg `nĔocòv' @aba hngoŔ ka}yaecı zn èaĔàŔ co`nvcok dcavak à pagıecagafocng òĔnv fov co`nvcok po}o`n npkog co`nvcokpov'

Npkog co`nvcoĔog pnencog`n apag Ŕn# kavo|ea

`nĔocòv' ÚvgnĔog @xohbp Noyngbdxnv# HndvhnEavybacc zn Bavv Pv~eag acgı|ia nvkogcoĔo dcagco`nvcnvò' Npkog co`nvcoĔog pnenco dvhago|aydg~geoydg~g~ `óŔógenk# f~g~ pagıecaeak zn a}aèık#hú|cn húvócóv fov foèoe`n dvpaa kdeakpıv' Co`nv#úgincokcnvo# bn`njcnvo# ypagàvpcavı fncovcnv znfd|~ceaeayıga gn|avnp n`nv'

Npkog co`nv# nzvngog bakoeo dcea`ıĔıgıgjavkıgà`ıv' Fov ~|caŔeaı kaf~c npen`ng úgin# `dĔv~zn av|~cagafocov gnyn dg~ `óŔógeóŔpóv' _úgcngòvoioco`nvog agıcpıiı co`nv`ng javkı úgncòĔo bn`njcnvòv'Co`nvog npkog dc~} dcea`ıĔıgı fncovcnng dch~# yoayac#

nkdgdeok# }avayac zna ogyagca ochoco dcafocng hnvènkbaapıg yıgıvcaeacavı ènvènznyog`n fov ~|caŔeadc~Ŕp~v~vkng# co`nvog f~ ydv~gcavca eoydg~ znbn`njcnvo avayıgà gn kaàv ~~e yaĔca ıĔı znaf~gcavàg gn kaàv ~|akcaŔpıĔı`ıv'

Ľkogio Ŕavp# co`nvog co`nvcoĔo vópfn zn avıiacık`nĔoc# ydv~ec~c~k dcavak húvenyoòv' F~ga úvgnk OO'@óga YazaŔı yıvayıgàko Hngnc K~vea FaŔkagı Hngnvac Hn}vhn Eavybacc(ı# Apocca(ı zn Apapóvk(óhúypnvenk eóekóg`óv'

Npkog co`nv# èdk gaòvng &aŔıvı eóyaeabakav&dc~v' Jakap oŔcnv fd|~c~gia kafabapo faŔkayıgıg ó|nvognapea|' Kıyaia npkog fov co`nv gobao ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~gfaŔkayıgà `nĔoc `n kngòyog`n dc`~Ĕ~g~ focòĔo oèogagıgà hóècó enyao avkaàŔcavı zn aypcav

f~c~geayı

gàg ènkogen|' Akyogn dgcavı

inyavnpcngòvov# pnŔzok n`nv' Enyao avkaàŔcavıgıgbapacavıgà `dcaı kngòyogo ydv~ec~ p~pp~Ĕ~gàgdgcavıg |ajnvcnvogo kngòyogn úgncpoceoŔ fov pnbòp dcavakhúvenòĔo hofo kngò |ajnvo dcavak kaf~c n`nv'

Npkog fov co`nv# co`nvcoĔog gobao ú`nzogogogyagcavà ògaeo|e dc~Ŕp~veak zn ogyagcavıg húvóŔ ~jk~g~ hngoŔcnpenk dc`~Ĕ~g~ focov' Npkog co`nvog òĔnvzn úgneco fov ú|nccoĔo# hózng ka|ageak zn p~pavcı dceakpıv' Akyo pakpov`n koeyn co`nvog }nŔog`ng hopen|'Co`nvog àzvagıŔcavı ocn fnag nppoĔo ogagècav fovfovcnvocnp~pavcı# a à ng a|ıgàg ~~ec~ dceak |dv~gà`ıv%

Èógkó p~pavcı dceak |nkaàg àba úgnecoòv'Npkog co`nv# ogyagcava k~v~e~g Ŕovknpog

bn`njcnvogo zn f~ bn`njcnvn gayıc ~caŔıcaiaĔıgı aèıkcaeak zn k~v~e kavavcavıgıg avkayıgàkoúvhópcnoio hóè dceak |dv~gà`ıv'

OOO' CĽ@NV Ú\NCCĽKCNVĽ Co`nv# yıvaàg ogyagcav zn úgnpoiocnv`ng dcag

javkıgı# yabo} dc`~Ĕ~ ú|nccokcnvn fdvèc~`~v' F~ú|nccokcnv co`nvn aop zn &co`nv kavakpnvo&gog a}ı paŔcavı`ıv' Co`nv`n f~c~geayı hnvnkng ú|nccokcnv

ó|nvog`n }nk èdk `óŔógin ocnvo yóvóceóŔ zn f~ kdg~pavpıŔeacava dc aèeıŔpıv' Bnv gn kaàv fov co`nv`n Ŕ~ú|nccokcnv f~c~g~v `ngocnenyn `n co`nvcoĔog &dcea|yadcea|& ú|nccokcnvog`ng %ko f~ ú|nccokcnv co`nvcnvo òĔnvogyagcavàg aıv`nòio dcagcav`ıv% fabynòcninkpov'Kıyaia javkcı co`nv po}cnvo# co`nvcok acagcavı# co`nvog ogagèzn kavakpnvo# |aeag zn k~v~e~g javkcıcıĔı javkcı ú|nccokcnv enàga hnpovyn `n fópóg po}cnvog yabo}dc`~Ĕ~ dvpak ú|nccokcnv yaıcaiakpıv'

A' Ľva`n Hóió< Co`nvog kngòyogn hózng zn ènzvnyogo

npkocnen hóiógóg kagaĔı yaĔcae ova`nyoòv' Dcacavakyo úg`n hncoŔen húypnvòĔo# kdvk~ zn }agokbazayıgıg aıc`ıĔı# yıvaàg ogyagcavıg èú|óc`óĔó|aeagcavà# ago fd|h~g yıvayıgà enpog dcafocenk#èú|ócóŔn kavŔı `~vafocenk# co`nv kavakpnvogoghúypnvhnyoòv' Fúcn |aeagcavà co`nv# èdk bı|cı znvaòkac kavavcav aceak zn ~h~caeak |dv~gà`ıv' ÈnpogkdŔ~ccavà pd}caıiı# ynzknòio# òvngèco co`nvcok ydg~i~fncovcnng ng úgneco jakpúv`óv'



1?1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

F' Zo|dg Yabofo Dceak "^|akHúvóŔcócók/< Co`nv# àĔıg av`ıgı# ~jk~g úpnyogo# |aeagıg

hncninĔogo húvnfocng koŔoòv' F~hógkó dcacavıg

avı

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gı

húvenk# f~ga húvnŔoeò`ng úgcnecnv hncoŔpovenk# avıgcavı k~v~} ogŔanpenk# obpoeaccnvn húvn acpnvgapojcnv óvnpnfocenk#co`nv`ng fnkcngng bavnknpcnvòv'

Zo|dg# gdveac `~~ dvhagıeı|ıg `ıŔıgà znúpnyog`n fov húvóŔ enyncnyoòv' Yn|ho# `~h~# akıc#focho hofo k~zznpcnvcn húvenk# a`npa |aeagı kdkcaeak# dcacavı ng `dĔv~ Ŕnkoc`n pabeogn`nfocenk zn úgcngòvenk# co`nvog pnencgopncokcnvog`ng fovoòv' Kngòyo zo|dg yabofo dc`~Ĕ~hofo fovcokpn èacıŔpıĔı ogyagcavıg ~jk~g~ hncoŔpoveno `noypnv'

I' Ľgyagcavı Npkocnen %ĽkgaNpen Hóió< Co`nv òĔnv ogyagcavı npkocno} bn`njn `dĔv~

húpóvnfocng koŔoòv' F~ npkocnen hóió# kngòyognfaĔcı pd}c~c~Ĕ~g kaf~c nppoĔo ú|nccokcnvog`ngkagakcagıv' Agı |aeagà co`nv dcag koŔo# ú|hózngoja|ca dcag koŔoòv' Ènzvnyog`nko ogyagcav co`nvogú|nccokcnvogo kagaap bacog`n fngoeyneoŔcnvòv' Co`nvedvac óvnpng zn edvac aŔıcaag ogyag`ıv' _ıchıgcık znkdvk~~ àĔıpıv'

Co`nv# ogyagcavı bnv fov Ŕnkoc`n npkocnnfocov'Yú| zn àzvagıŔcavıgàko kngògn ú|hó vngkcnv# oja`n

foèoeog`nko# fn`ngync |og`ncok zn ngnvlocnvog`nkojavkcıcık# co`nvo òĔnv koŔo zn úgnpoiocnv`ng aıv` n`nv'Bnv co`nv kngògn ú|hó# faŔkacavıga fng|nenngú|nccokcnvocn òĔnvcnvogo npkocnv' Èogcocnvog \ng@nvycnvog`ng acıgag fov kaıppa Ŕúcn a|ıcı`ıv

–_a Ŕcı Ŕnjcnv dcavak bo|enp znvngcnv avayıgà# a` ıgcageı Ŕ nv`necn ogyagcav ı npkocnngcnv zn

npkngog hóiócn ogyagcav ıg opaap npenyogo ya Ĕ caagcav zav` ıv' F~# fópóg bazagcav ıg ynzò Ĕ o agka k~ Ŕ~ga znfópóg bazagcav ıg kdvkp~ Ĕ ~ a|aenpco ka}cag znk~vpcava fng|nv' Npkocngen zn opaapkav dcea yú| kdg~y~dc`~ Ĕ ~gà bn}yo fovòv# jakap póvcnvo fovfovog`ng#

húkó|ógóg nvó|óg`ng dc`~ Ĕ ~ kaàv javkcı` ıv'&

@' Hózng zn P~pavcıcık<Co`nv# kngòyogn hózngocng# ogagıcag koŔoòv'

Yú|cnvogn zn bavnknpcnvogn bne `dypcavı bne `n`óŔeagcavı ogageacı`ıv' Ľgagıcıv dceaag co`nvcnv#

dc~ec~ fov npko fıvakea|cav' Yú|cnvo zn àzvagıŔcavı avayıgà fov p~pavcıcık zn oèpngcok zav`ıv' D |aeagfıvakpıkcavı npko `nvog dc~v' Akyo pakpov`n fıvakıcag npkoó|nync dc~v' Fncco fov yóvn óincpocng agiak yú| znàzvagıŔcavı avayıgàko p~pavyı|cık gn`ngocn pnvk nòcng

co`nvcnv f~ gn`ngcn pnvk nòceoŔcnvòv'Co`nvog `dĔv~ yúcnòĔo# znvòĔo yú|ó p~paiaĔı#

ènzvnyog`nkocnv oèog aòc dc`~Ĕ~# bn`njogo zn ~caŔeadccavıgı oo focòĔo kaf~c nòcòkpng ydgva èdk |dvkdŔ~ccavà focn av`ıgàg hoòcninĔo `óŔógócnfocov' \apngco`nvcnv n kngòcnvogn hózngocòĔogo focenk oypnvcnv'

N' \aeag zn KdŔ~ccavı @dĔv~@nĔnvcngòven<

Bnv kavav zn àzvagıŔ bnv |aeag `dĔv~ydg~ècavı hnpoven|' \aeagcaea# |aeag oèog`n

~h~cagag bavnknpo hncoŔpovenk zn faŔavı

a~caŔeakpıv' \aeagıgà a}ıceaag fov bavnknp# fóókjncaknpcnvn ynfn} dcafocov; gn nvkng gn `n hnè# pae|aeagıgà bavnknp' Pavob# `dĔv~~ yúcnyncnv focnagcıŔ |aeagcaeacavı ó|óg`ng |avava ~ĔvaeıŔ ogyagcavca dc~`~v'

\aeagı `dĔv~ ynèenk# nvo `dĔv~ ynèenk# ngnpkoco bavnknp pav|ıgı ynèenk; ydgva à fóók fovngnvlocn ~h~caeak''' FaŔavı f~ óè ynèoe`n ho|coòv'

\aeagcaea `~h~y~g~ hncoŔpovenk oèog yobovcofov jdveóc dkp~v' Ľgyag f~ npngnĔo `ngnen agıceadc~ca# úgin`ng a}ıcag pabeogcnvo acıgag ydg~ècavcakavŔıcaŔpıvavak hncoŔpovov'

J' KoŔoync Ľgoyoapoj zn KoŔoyncYdv~ec~c~k<

Co`nv kngògn hózngng ogyag`ıv' Kavavznvovkng kavavıgıg akıg zn ~|ak ydg~ècavıgı fópógúgcnvocn òkkapn aceacı`ıv' Pae agcaeıcaogagea`ıĔı# papeog dcea`ıĔı `~v~eà# ydg~i~ga hózng`~ea`ıĔı fov kavag znvenenco ; fúcn fov bavnknpofaŔcapeaeacı`ıv' Fov kn| bavnknpn hnèenn kavavznvogin# aypcav èıkea|a `óŔen`ng# |ajnv oèog bnvknyo|dvcaeacı zn knyogcokcn ú`óg znvenencoòv'

Co`nv kngò nkofogo zn óypcngòĔo oŔo#nghnccnvn kavŔıg bn`njn húpóvnfocenk oèog ~ĔvaŔıv' F~avaà# k~Ŕk~ zn kahıcav `~ya à kavav znvo} ~h~cav'F~vaà fópóg focho zn edvac hóècnvogo# yn|hocnvogok~ccagavak bavnknp n`nv zn kvopok agcavà ogoyoapojogok~ccagıv' Ydg~èpa fópóg nkofogn `óŔng ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~aypcavıga#



1?6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

kngòyogo pako} n`ngcnvn fıvakeaàg óypcngenn oŔogfaŔıgà kavavcı`ıv' Èógkó co`nvcoĔog vópfn zn avıiacık`nĔoc# ydv~ec~c~k dc`~Ĕ~g~ focov'

H' Kdv~~i~c~k# _úgcngòvoiocok

zn Agcaı

Ŕ< Co`nv# dc húypnvng# aypcavıgı kdv~ag#kngòyogn bo|enp znvng koŔocnvog aeaè zn èıkavcavıgı hú|npng zn agcaıŔcı dcag koŔoòv' AgcaıŔ boè fov |aeagyıgıvyı| eóyaeabakavcık Ŕnkcog`n `nĔocòv' Co`nv#aypcavıgàg fovo kúpó fov úvgnk dc~Ŕp~vya focn bnvknyogfov `nĔnvo dc`~Ĕ~g~ focov' Co`nv# aypcava dc húypnvenco#dgcavı npoŔpovenco zn èacıŔeacavıgàg úpóvó dgcavı ú`óccngòvencoòv'

Ľgyag `~h~cavı y~a fng|nv# ockncnv znpazıvcav oyn fov faval hofoòv' Faval hóècó `nĔocyn y~favalı }apcapıv' Ľgyag `~h~cavı úgncpoceodvya#afagiı dc~v zn `óŔkógcók húypnvov' @dcaıyıca f~`~h~cavàg k~vp~ceak zn k~v~gp~cava ydg znvenk#kúpócókcnvo úgcnenk zn agcıŔı `~v`~veak oèog co`nv dchúypnvoio dceacı`ıv'

B' Pd}c~c~Ĕ~g _óvnĔogoDk~eak zn Aàcnpco Dceak< Co`nv# pd}c~c~Ĕ~g nĔocoecnvogo# }vdfcnecnvogo#

obpoaècavıgı# hncoŔen úgógó póe hngoŔcoĔo ocn kngò oèog`n`~ag zn kazvaag koŔoòv' F~ kdg~à Apapóvk G~pk~(gà<

&Fng fov eoccnpog zoiàgıgà zn hncnin Ĕ og`nyn|ò Ĕ oe fóók hnco Ŕen kafoconpogo# fov eocco yıv hofozoiàgıeà pa Ŕı avak aza Ŕ aza Ŕ fópóg pd}c~e~e~|a

~h~caeak enif~vonpog`n oòe' & "G~p~k# I' 1 <16/ ònvnkúvgnk dce~Ŕp~v'

A`ıgcageıŔ nv`nen yabo} dcagcav# ogyagcavı eneg~g n`ngcnv# a`ıgcageıŔ nv`nen yabo} dceaagcavkngòcnvogo eneg~g n`nvcnv' Ľgyagcavı eneg~g n`ngcnvfóóv# kngòcnvogo eneg~g n`ngcnv dk dc~vcav' Backca agı ó|ógpóó zn e~pc~c~Ĕ~# agı ooo zn kúpóó }acaŔagcavaòcòvcnv'

Co`nvcnv pd}c~c~kcavıca agı oypnkcnvn yabo}dc`~kcavı |aeag fochn `óŔógóvcnv òn agıcıvcav' Ľypnkcnvopd}c~c~Ĕ~g oypnkcnvog`ng avıc`ıĔıgà zna fovnync èıkavcavı pd}c~e~g jaà zn èıkavcavıgıg úgógn hnèpoĔog`n dgcav à

yıvaàg ogyag bacogn hncovcnv'

YDG^È Co`nvcok kdg~y~ f~ èacıŔeaà `úvp avı fúcóe`n

ncn acıgeıŔ# co`nvcok kazvaeı aèıkcag`ıkpag zn co`nvcok k~vaezn po}cnvogn nv znvocòkpng ydgva úvgnkcnvcn zn ~h~caeaca

`nypnkcngeoŔpov' @aba èdk co`nvcoĔog gn dc`~Ĕ~# gn dcea`ıĔı#co`nvcnvcn gn Ŕnkoc`n kavŔıcaŔıcafocninĔog`ng fabynòceoŔpov'

Co`nvcok# ogyagcıĔıg hncoŔoeocn# yoaynp znpd}c~efocoeog hncoŔoeocn fovcokpn hncoŔoeogo zn zavcıĔıgı yóv`óveóŔpóv# Ľgyagıg úgnpoeogog yú| kdg~y~ dc`~Ĕ~ bnv`úgne zn k~v~eà à zavcıĔıe yóv`óvninkpov' Ng a|ıgàgco`nvcoĔn zn co`nvcnvn aop pavpıŔeacav yóvninkpov'

Co`nvcnvn aŔaeıeı|ıg bnv acagıgà vaypcaeakeóekóg`óv' F~ koŔocnv fo|oe úgnpoiocnvoeo| dc`~Ĕ~ hofo#aocn fovncnvoeo|`ng fovo# dc avkaàŔıeı|# `nzcnpfaŔkagıeı| à dcafocov' Úcn ko co`nvcok ú|nccokcnvogn yabo}bnv bagho fovo# ko d fovo zavcıĔıgı avaeı|à bnv |aeagkdcaia boyynppovov# dcafocov' Úcnyn co`nv koeòv 4

Co`nvo Ŕoeòn kaàv }nk èdk koŔo pagıecaahnceoŔpov' Co`nv# |aeagàg |aeaga# k~v~eàg k~v~ea#kócpóv`ng kócpóvn javkcı ú|nccokcnv paŔıag# ng úgneco ú|nccoĔo`n k~v~e~g a à úgnppoĔo hv~f~g ~caŔeak oypnòĔo

aeaècavı

ga húvn `nĔoŔnfocng aea bnv |aeag# bnv k~v~e znbnv aeaèpa ogn `n `nĔoŔenng fçv pakıe ú|nccokcnv znàzvagıŔ foèoecnvo húypnvnfocng koŔoòv

Co`nv# |aeagıg# dcacavıg# kngò koŔoync p~p%k~cavıgıg# fngioccoĔogog óypógn èıkafocng# fúcnin pd}c~e~gd hógó zn hncninĔo ocn fópógcnŔnfocng# pd}c~c~Ĕ~gnĔocoecnvogo# }vdfcnecnvogo# hnvnkyogoecnvogo# hncoŔenúgógó póe hngoŔcoĔo ocn kngò oèog`n `~afocng#kazvaafocng koŔoòv'

Co`nv èdk èacıŔkag fov koŔoòv' ŗoeòn kaàvkavŔıcaŔıcag co`nvcnv avayıgà javkcı ú|nccokcnvn yabo} dcagcavzav`ıv' KoŔocokcnvog`nko fa|ı dc~ey~|c~kcavca kngòyogo

o|cnngcnvn |~cenpeoŔ dcagcav zav`ıv' Kavo|eaa yabo}dceaagcav à zav`ıv' Aea bn}yogog yúcnòĔo zn úvgnkdc`~Ĕ~ dvpak ú|nccokcnv`ng fovo èdk èacıŔkag dceakpıv'

Co`nv# úvhópóg hv~f~g eoydg~g~ `óŔógng# f~g~pagıecaag zn aèık fov Ŕnkoc`n dvpaa kdag koŔoòv'

Co`nv# co`nvcoĔog vópfn zn avıiacık `nĔoc fovydv~ec~c~k dc`~Ĕ~g~ focov zn bnv àzvagıŔıgà f~g~boyynppovov' Co`nv gobao ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~g kngòyog`n dc`~Ĕ~g~focòĔo oèog nko} èacıŔeayıga o|og znvov zn ènzvnyog`n focngogyagcavıg dceayıgàg vabapyı| dcea|' Akyogn dgcavı pnŔzokn`nv'

Co`nv p~pavcı zn hózng znvoio dcag`ıv' Yú|cnvocn

àzvagıŔcavı avayıgà àoea fov ~~e zav`ıv' Co`nv ng ~|aĔı ng úgin`ng húvnfocng koŔoòv'

&Ng ~|aĔı húvnfocng àoea ng ókynkpng ~èag k~Ŕp~v&"Faib# Eavpı/



1?0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

KA_GAKÈA

1' @azo AG@NVYAG# @nggoy YXNNGN_# PbdeayXOCCOAEY# Ag Ogpvd`~ipodg pd EagahnengpYiongin# Xnyp ]~fcoybogh Ide}ag# 'Y'A'#1??1'

6' Oyeaoc @~vak APAA_# ĽŔcnpencnv`n Ľgyaghóió Zn%voecocoĔogo Npkocnng Jakpúvcnv# ENYY Yneognvcnv @o|oyo <0#

NĔopoe Kopa}cavı

@o|oyo# Agkava# 1?28'9' Apocca FAVAGYNC# ÈaĔàŔ _úgnpoe @óŔóginyogogNzvoeo# I'c# 1'=' ĽŔcnpen Jakócpnyo _aıgı# oypagf~c# 1?8?'

0' E' FAYY# Vac}b YPDH@OCC# Bag`fddk dj Cna`nvybo}# Pbn Jvnn ]vnyy# A @ozoyodg dj EiEoccng Ogi'#Gnx _dvk# 1??='

>' Acag FV_EAG# Ibavoyea * Cna`nvybo} OgDvhagoyapodgy# YAHN ]~fcoiapodgy# CP@'# Cdg`dg#1??6'

:' Bacoc IAG# @dĔag P^GINV# @#_aŔav A_BAG# Ľycnpen zn_úgnpoe# Aycıecav Eapfaayı# Agkava# 1?20'

8' Pbdeay# ICNAV_# Co nvcok Yagapı# Agabpav Kopa}cav#Ènz'Y~nv KA_A# Ľypagf~c# 1??9'

2' Nvgnyp @ACN# _úgnpoe Pndvocnvo HnèeoŔ zn Hncnink#

Úpnko _aıgnzo# Agkava# 1??0'?' ]npnv @VÎKNV# Hncnink Ľèog _úgnpoe# Póvkon ĽŔ

Fagkayı Kócpóv _aıgcavı# Ènz' Jokvnp ^ÈIAG# Agkava#1??='

1=' Fabappog NVHN\NV# Co nvcok zn Ú|nccokcnvo# Diak _a%ıgcavı# Agkava# 1??>'

11' P~vha NVH^G# Póvk Kae~ _úgnpoeog`n Úg`nvcok@azvagıŔı# PD@AĽN# Agkava# 1?21'

16' P~vha NVH^G# DĔ~| DGAVAG# &Úvhópó HncoŔpoven Avaiı Dcavak _úgnpoe Pav|ı&# _úgnpoe ]yokdcdlo OO# PD@AĽN_aıgcavı< 6=1# Agkava# 1?21'

1>' Voibav` JAVENV# E'Favv VOIBEAG@#Eagahnengp * Dvhagoyapodgy# Vag`dg Bd~yn# Gnx_dvk# 1?8>'

1:' Pnenc KDÈNC# ĽŔcnpen _úgnpoiocoĔo# Ľ'Ó' ĽŔcnpen Ja%kócpnyo _aıgı# Ľypagf~c# 1?26'

18' Fvoag CNZ_# @azo` XOCYDG# Ypvapnh * Cna`nvybo}#Vd~pcn`hn # Gnx _dvk# 1??0'12' C'L'EAYYON# ĽŔcnpen _úgnpoeo# FapnŔ _aıgiıcık# Ènz'

ŗ' Ú\AC]# NykoŔnbov# 1?29'1?' Lacn EĽGĽFAŗ# _afagiıcaŔea Kazvaeıgıg Ľgincngenyo zn

Fagka Ynkpúvógn _úgncok AvaŔpıvea# _aıgcageaeıŔ @dkpdva Pn|o# 1=' Ydyac Focoecnv Ngypopóyó ĽŔcnpen Ja%kócpnyo @azvagıŔ Focoecnvo AF@# oypagf~c# 1??>'

6=' Ľyenp EÎ^K# Ed`nvg ĽŔcnpeniocok# @NV _aıgcavı#Ľypagf~c# 1?28'

61' Xnyy VDFNVPY# B~g Ľe}avapdv~ Apocca(gıg Co nvcokYıvcavı# Ľcho _aıgiıcık# Ľypagf~c# 1?2?'

66' Pnzjok PAPAV# E' Eopbap ÓGNV# ĽŔcnpeniocok Ľckncnvo#Ha|o Fóvd _aıgcavı# Agkava# 1??6'

69' PD@AĽN# _úgnpoe ]yokdcdloyo OO# Ynzogè Eapfaayı# Gd' 6=1#Agkava# 1?21'

60' Ay~eag PÓVKNC# ĽŔcnpen _úgnpoiocnvogog @azvagıŔcavıga_úg Znvng Bakoe KoŔocok Jakpúvcnvo Ľcn _úgnpync@azvagıŔ Avayıgàko ĽcoŔkocnv zn ^h~caea# EaveavaÓgoznvyopnyo _aıgcavı# Ľypagf~c# 1??6'

6>' Ľyeaoc PÓVKENG# _úgnpync \aeag zn _npko @nzvoAiıyıgàg _úgnpoe`n Znvoecocok# E]E _aıgcavı# Agkava#1?20'

6:' Oyafnc XNVGNV# Co`nvcok zn _úgnpoe# AevoiagEagahnengp Ayydioapodg# Ľypagf~c# 1??9'

68' Afvabae \ACN\GOK# Pbn Eagahnvoac Eypoq~n#Bav}nv * Vax ]~fcoybnvy# Gnx _dvk# 1?2?'



1?>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

PÓVK FD_CAVOGOGJDCKCDV^_CA ĽCHĽCĽ PÓVKĽ_N(@N _A]OCAGÈACOŗEACAV Ó\NVĽGN

@dè# @v' Ľya Ú|kag Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo# Jng%N`nfoap Jakócpnyo#Póvk @oco Fúcóeó Ú Ĕ vnpoe Ónyo

Póvkcnvog aŔa`ıkcavı ~vpcavıg# pavobç `nzovcnv oèog`n yoayç zn ydyac ynfn}cnvcn fovfovog`ng ~|ak`óŔencnvo# kdeŔ~ `nzcnpcnv zn pd}c~c~kcav ocn a}pıkcavı pneaycav zn ògç kaf~ccnvo# ú|ó zn kúkó fov dceakcafnvafnv# |aeagca kócpóvnc fovcoĔog javkcıcaŔeayıgazn kıyeng `n dcya `nĔoŔenyogn ynfn} dce~Ŕp~v' RO'

ó|ıcàg opofavng Dvpa`dĔ~(àko A|nvfaiag znAga`dc~(à# àba ydgva à Fackagcav(à nvcnŔngPóvk fdcavı# aga ~vpcavıgàko ydàŔcavı ocn fovèdk acagàocnpoŔoecnvogo `nzae nppoven av|~y~gà dce~Ŕcav`ıv'Enynca# Jæpob Y~cpag Enben` `úgneog`n nyko ^h~vbavjcnvo apa a|ıyı dcavak k~ccagıceıŔ; Póvkoypag(à hncoŔngn`nfç òc ocn RZ' ó|ıca kaàv Aga`dc~(àko Póvk Ŕæovcnvo|aeag |aeag Ŕoov `ngnencnvog`n f~c~ge~Ŕcav;KavaiadĔcag(ıg Ŕoovcnvo RZOOO' ó|ıcà Eab`~eK~c~(a# Eav~jç(n ga|ovn a|`ıvaiak `nvnin`n ocbaekagaĔı dce~Ŕp~v' KavaiadĔcag(ıg# V~e ncog`n<

&Ľgòe ynvag nppoe Jovnghoypag(ı Ľccnvo zav fo|oe ocn fng|nen|`nvkng; DĔ~| gnycog`ng Eav~jç# &_dcıe `óŔò Kı|ıcfaŔıñ"6/ ocogn Ľccnvoñ fav fo|og ocn enñ|nen|& Ŕnkcog`n Póvkengoypag

yabayıgàg dga kavŔıcık znveoŔpov'9 _ó|ıccav fd~gia# húècnv# yazaŔcav# pæiovcnv#

æcoecnv zn ynabcav Aga`dc~ Póvkcnvocn# Póvkoypag faŔpadceak ó|nvn# òĔnv Póvk ~vpcavıgà aŔaag nò}cnvog#yagapkævcavıg fovfovcnvocn bafnvcnŔencnvogn oekægba|ıvcaeıŔpıv' Póvkoypag Póvkcnvogin &Kı|ıcfaŔ& kncoenyogo#yazaŔpıkcavı Kace~k# Ydcag# V~y zn Javy hofo kdeŔ~kazoecnv oèog k~ccagıceıŔpıv' "Fk|' NvŔoògdz# Fap~v#

&Pvaòpyodg Y~inpko K~v~chag ^h~v Bnck @nypagcovoBnkko`n&# ^h~v N`nfonpo`n Pvaòpyodg zn Gdzypdvc~kEnyncnyohæ @aov' Ace~pa 1?81# y' 1>?%1:=/' _ogn# Pag|oeap`úgneog`n Póvkoypag(àg hncng Ineacn`òg Ajhagç zn ŗnbYócneag Njngò hofo Ŕabyonpcnv Póvkoypag Póvkcnvo(gogkócpóvcnvo zn b~y~yng jdckcdvcavı ocn ochoco e~bpncoj fochocnvn#hngnc eæbonppnko yú|cók zn bæpıvap póvóg`ng nynvcnv oèog`nnv znvnvnk# kócpóvnc kú}vógóg k~v~ceayıga av`ıeiı dce~Ŕcav`ıv' Y~cpag Af`óca|o| `úgneog`n KaŔhav(ahúg`nvocng y~facav# Ľypagf~c(à# Kıvıe(à# Ka|ag(à znPaŔkngp(pn aıgcagag ha|npncnv# kopa}cav; Ka|ag# Kıvıe znA|nvfaiag(àg Ľypagf~c(a hncng zn focabavn ~vpcavıga

`úgng hngè a`ıgcav# úĔvngiocnv d hógóg oekægcavı oèog`nPóvk fdcavıgıg fovfovogo pagıeayıga fov èdk dcca bo|enppnf~c~ge~Ŕcav`ıv'0

V~ya(à 1?=> ıcıgà @~ea a`cı enicoyogaèıceayı zn Èavcık vnloeogog gój~|~g~g kıvıceayı ocn# kıyayóvn oèog focn dcya f~ óckngog fd~g`~v~Ĕ~gà aŔaagPóvk fdcavı eoccç kócpóvcnvogo àba ynvfnyp avaŔpıveaa znoja`n npenn faŔca`ıcav' 1?18 obpocacog`ng ydgva oyn# f~`~v~e }nk ~|~g yóvenò'



1?:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

ÈacıŔeacav ya`nin `ıŔ `óga ocn `nĔoc# Póvk fdcavıgıg kngòavayıgà focn knyocò' Bappa fov kıyıe a`ıgcav Póvkon znbóv `ógaa kaèeagıg dc~g~ ava`ıcav' F~gcavàgPóvkon(n hncenk |dv~gà kacag Aa| Ľybakç# VnŔo`Vabenpo Avap# Af`óckaòv Ľgag# Yaa`np ÈaĔapa# \nkoZnco`ç Pdhag# Abenp AĔadĔc~# _~y~j Akè~va# Ya`vo

Eaky~`ç hofo eópnjnkkov zn æcoecnv Póvk fdcavıgıg òco#pavobo# n`nfoapı zn jdckcdv~ ó|nvog`n kıenpco èacıŔeacava}eıŔcav zn óckneo|`n ocoe baapıga }nk èdk fakıeàgkapkıà f~c~ge~Ŕcav`ıv '

Fópóg f~ hncoŔencnvn }avacnc dcavak 1??1ıcıgàko yoayç hncoŔencnvog `n pnyovocn Póvk i~eb~vonp znpd}c~c~kcavıga Póvkon(`n fóók fov acaka `dĔe~Ŕp~v' Bnvacagà ~|~g yngncnv fd~gia# yoayç# okpoya`ç zn idĔvajç ynfn}cnvcn fovfovog`ng avı kacag Póvkcnvog f~hóg pagıŔı}#focoŔencnvo bappa fópógcnŔencnvo pafoç kavŔıcageacı`ıv'@dcaıyıca Póvkon(`n Póvk fdcavıgıg n`nfoap# jdckcdv znkıyaiayı kócpóvcnvo bakkıgàko èacıŔea zn aıgcavıgyaıyıgà à fncovhog fov avpıŔ húvócenn faŔcageıŔpıv ' F~

ynzogòvoio fov `~v~e`~v' F~ póv aıgcavı# }d}ócnv aıgcavzn oceç aıgcav dceak ó|nvn oko hv~}pa `nĔnvcngòvnfocovo|']d}ócnv aıgcavà jaà }vngyofog`ng bavnknpcn jdckcdvokpagıpıe zn kócpóvnc akıgcaŔea hofo aeaècav úg }cagaèıkavıceakpa`ıv ' Aka`neok aıgcavà oyn# Póvk kócpóvógóge~bpncoj }vdfcnecnvogog fovnv pn| bacogn hnpovocnvnkov`ncngenyo# oŔcngo} ydg~ia kaz~Ŕp~v~cea hanyohó`ócencoòv' ]nk èdk jdckcdvi~g~g úgncòĔo f~ acagàenpd`' ochoco Póvk Ŕoznyogn bækoeonp# oceç òyo}cog znbn}yog`ng úgnecoyo Póvk fdcavıga engy~} fochogcnvog oceç b~k~k~ga yahı húypnven hofo b~y~ycavà k~y~vcavıeı|dc`~Ĕ~ kagaapog`noe' Avıia# Póvk fdcavıgıgjdckcdvcavıca ochoco eac|nen aıgı# eakacn zn kopa}

akpavea# bnvbagho fov kdg~à oceç eakacn zn kopa} a|ı

}aıgcaea kdg~cavıgà focnvnk zna focennvnk }nk èdkagcıŔcıkcavıg a}ıc`ıĔı à fov hnvènkpov ' F~vaà f~ póvakyakcıkcava oŔavnp npenk zn fa|ı pnkcojcnv y~geakoypodv~e'

Nyayng kdca fov acag dcavak húvócng A|nvç Pûvkènyog`ng a}ıcag akpaveacavà focn }nk èdk bapaa}ıceakpa`ıv' F~vaàko pny}opcnvoeo| Ŕabıycava úgncok`nĔocòv' F~ ó|`ng nynv zn koŔo a`ı fncovpen`ng fa|ı úvgnkcnv znvenk oypodv~e' Enynca# fov kopa}pa &po|`ngdk~eak& eægæyıga A|nvç Póvkènyog`nko &|oc`ng dk~eakyú|ó agcaŔıceaeıŔ# &póvkócnvo |oc`ng dk~eak ca|ıe`ıv&`ngoceoŔpov' _ogn &|oacı fov koŔoò& yú|ó# Póvkon

Póvkènyogn &A`ı

g fov ogyag nvogn& Dyeagcı

Póvkènyog`nko# Javyèaàg hnèng &|oa& yú|ógóg &ıŔık&kavŔıcıĔı `óŔógócnvnk &OŔıkcı fov aàe& Ŕnkcog`n akpavıceıŔpıv' ŗoeòn kaàv Póvk fdcavı bakkıgàko }nk èdkavaŔpıveaà A|nvç Póvkènyo `n àboc dceak ó|nvn PóvkonPóvkènyo(g`n &p~Ĕca& eagayıga hncng &knv}oè& yú|ógógyú|cókcnvn fakeak |abenpogn kapcagıceaàg &knv}oè&Ŕnkcog`n acıg`ıĔıga

pagık dc`~e' Fov Ŕooov`n &@ogincenvne hıyayıeı yng`ngacıgia& Ŕnkcog`n hnèng eıyvaàko &b~|~v f~ceakagcaeıgàko –ògincenk― yú|ó &ògcnenk& Ŕnkcog`nka`nòceoŔpov' A|nvç Póvkènyogog `ıŔıgàko ~|ak Ŕozncnv`nga}ıcag akpaveacavà `~v~e àba à zaboe bæcnhncenkpnòv'Pncajj~|~ agı dcag fa|ı kncoencnvog agcaeia

à fov dc`~Ĕ~ yagıcı} jaboŔ agcıŔcav a}ıceakpa`ıv ' K~|nzn @dĔ~ Póvk ŗozn zn Cnbèncnvog`nko &fóók& agcaeıgàko&|dv|~v& kncoenyo# Póvkon Póvkènyog`nko &hóè# eóŔkóc&agcaeıgàko |dv kncoenyocn; ogn &úvpenk& agcaeıgàko&a}%af%& kncoenyo Póvkon Póvkènyog`nko &a}eak&kncoenyocn; &fıvakeak# fov kngava apeak# knyenk#kd}aveak& agcaeıgàko &paŔca& kncoenyo PóvkonPóvkènyo(g`nko &paŔcaeak& kncoenyocn yny`nŔ kncoencnvdceacavıgàg `dcaı agcaeia à agı kaf~c nòco}akpaveacavà zn apıjcavà agcıŔcıkcav a}ıceakpa`ıv ' Avıiaenpog ó|nvog`n èacıŔagcav# agcaeıgı focenòkcnvo kncoencnvogèdĔ~gc~kca Póvkon Póvkènyo‟g`nko jdgnpok dcavak èaĔvıŔıe

a}pıv`ıĔı ng akıg kncoengog agcaeıgı kavŔıcıkznvenkpnòvcnv' Pafoapıca akpavıcag enpog`n fov bapagıgdc~} dcea`ıĔı kdg~y~gà popo|cok húypnvoceno} dc`~Ĕ~hofo aıgcageakpa ıv Póvkengin fov enpog`n# &ŗabıghúvenhn fov kı|ı fav`ı& Ŕnkcog`n nv acag ióecn`nko#&húvenhn& yú|ó &húvenng& Ŕnkcog`n `óŔógócnvnk ióecn&ŗabıg kúv fov kı|ı zav`ı& òn akpavıceıŔpıv' Dya&húvenhn& Póvkeng Póvkènyog`n &hó|nccoĔo òccnvn `nypag#èdk hó|nc& agcaeıgà fov yıjappıv' _ago f~ ióecn &ŗabıghó|nccoĔo òccnvn `nypag kı|ı zav`ı Ŕnkcog`n dceacı`ı'& ]nkèdk aıgà húv`óĔóeó| f~ póv agc ıŔ c a v ıg yaıyıgı avpıveak eóekóg`óv' F~ `~v~e# akpaveacavà àba popo|

dceaeı|ı hnvnkpovenkpnòv BnvŔn`ng úgin akpavıcaiakenpog ocn ochoco dcavak Ŕ~ nyaycava òkkap nòcencoòv'

O' Akpavea a}ıcaiak Ŕozn ocn PóvkonPóvkènyogog hvaenvogog# ago Ŕnkoc zn yny fochoyogog oofocogenyo;

6' Póvkèngog hnèovòĔo pavobç eainvagıgkagak enpogcnvn àagıcavak oo focogenyo zn f~ kdg~àaŔogacıkpag à úpn fov fovokoeog# hngoŔ fov hngnc kócpóvógdceayı;

9' Pnvn``óp n ocng bnv kncoen oèog ochoco Ŕozn ocnkdeŔ~ Ŕozncnv`nkç o|abcı yú|cókcnvcn# noecnv"pneyoccnv/ zn pnvoecnv yú|cókcnvog`ng avavcagıceayı;

0' Akpaveacavà# Póvkon Póvkènyocn' oĔnvPóvk Ŕozncnvog`nko pncæjj~|~ agı jakap agcaeı javkcı yú|cnvnòkkap nòcenyo;

>' Kncoen kncoen akpavea nvogn ióecngogenacogog akpavıceayı# kncoen oèog agcaeàg jn`ækævcıkpaf~c~g~ceaeayı hnvnkenkpnòv'

Póvk fdcavıgıg jdckcdvcavıca ochoco a}ıcagaıgcavà húvócng faŔka fov }vdfcne oyn# bnvbagho fov



1?8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

kopafıg zna eakacngog ú|npcngo} faŔıga acag agcıŔ fa|ı fochocnv kdg~cavak avaŔpıvıiıcavia eakacn Ŕnkcog`naıgcageayı`ıv' Ó|ócnvnk fncovpncoe ko# focbayyajdckcdv acagıgà bagho nynv eakacn# baghoyo pnfcoĔ# baghoyopagıpea`ıv# f~# fovfovogn kavıŔeıŔ bæc`nòv' ÈacıŔea

kdg~y~ca ochoco eóekóg dc`~Ĕ~ úcèó`n kagakcava~caŔavak ng kóèók avıgpıcavı focn joŔcno} f~gcavı fov fov`nĔnvcngòvenk# úgn yóvócng pn|cnvn enygnp húypnvnvnkngo jokovcnv óvnpenk# fncco bókóecnvn zaveak oèog# boè fovèocn ènken`ng a}ıcag f~ póv agcıŔcavca `dc~ aıgcavıgPóvk jdckcdv~ga fov kapkıà f~c~geaaiaĔı aèıkpıv' PóvkI~eb~vonpcnvog`nko enycnkpaŔcavıeı|ia# Póvk jdckcdv~g~gzn jdckdvi~cavıgıg `~v~e~ bakkıgà agcıŔ agcaŔıcea zndv~ecava ynfn} dcaiak f~ póv jaaconpcnv`ng kaèıgeaeı|hnvnkov' Gn a|ık ko# fovèdk Ŕn`n dc`~Ĕ~ hofo# Póvkfdcavıgıg jdckcdvcavıca ochoco aıgcavà à oceç fakıeàgynzon `óŔókcóĔó ocn kavŔı kavıŔıaı|' Pncoj bakcavıga# oceç úcèócnvn voanp npen`ng a}ıcag èacıŔeacav#

jdckcdv~e~|a fov bo|enp dcaeaaiaĔı hofo# Póvkjdckcdv~g~g hngnc `~v~e~ bakkıgà à agcıŔ ogpofacavıg~ageayıga ynfn} dcafocov' F~ nynvcnvog avıgakaceaaiaĔı aèıkpıv' Gopncokco nynvcnv kacıiı`ıv zn Póvkjdckdv~g~g à f~ga obpoaiı zav`ıv'

Fov òĔnv kdg~ à# Póvk fdcavıgıgjdckcdv~ca ochoco hngoŔ èa}cı fov pavaea# `nvcnen zn aıgèacıŔeayıgıg faŔcapıcaeaeıŔ zn }vdlncnvog ba|ıvcagı}baapa hnèovocneneoŔ dceayı`ıv' Jdckcdv apcaypag# edpoj kapdcdhcavı# `nypagcavàg faŔcaavak bnv fov agcapıe póvó oèogfov yajayıgà Póvkon Póvkènyo òĔnv yajayıgà fov Ŕozndceak ó|nvn fópóg Ŕozn zn cnbèncnv`n &idv}~y& gopncoĔog`niocpcnvcn oja n nòcnink yú|có n nfoapca ochoco èacıŔeacav;

eóŔpnvnk n`nfç Ŕabyonpcnvcn ochoco nynvcnv# dvpak jdckcdv `nvykopa}cavı zn agpdcdlocnvogog ba|ıvcageayı# húgóccó enycnkk~v~c~Ŕcavı zn `nvgnkcnv avayıgà oŔo fovcoĔo hofo kdg~cavà ng

kıya |aeagà èacıŔeacav faŔcapıceacı`ıv ' Póvk fdcagıcıg ncyagapcavı ocn ochoco eóŔpnvnk acfóecnv; npgdĔvajok nŔacavocn ochoco aıgcav; ydyac baapa aop ènŔopco }vapok znpacfokapcav "aàk# a` znven# fóó# yobov# pıcyıe# ia`ı# }nvo#`nz# `óĔóg# jac# k~vŔ~g `úken# ga|av# back nĔcngincnvo#

favae# back bnkoecoĔo# back fapavcıĔı# back pakzoeo#bı`ıvnccn|' Gnzv~|# back yagapcavı# aĔe~v `~ayı# aĔeahncngnĔo/ hofo }nk èdk kdg~à io``ç# oceç ynzon`nèacıŔeacav a}ıc`ıĔıgı yúcnneno|' Pnk pnk Ŕabıycavıg oceç havnpogn zn npnvcoĔogn kaceıŔ dcag f~ kdg~cavà; kıya#dvpa zn ~|~g zæ`nco }cagcavıg zn èacıŔea hv~}cavıgıgdc~Ŕp~v~ceayı# Póvk fdcavıgàg kdg~ca ochoco focoeaàecavıgıg à kapıcıeıca èacıŔeacava faŔcagıceayı f~hógoèog hnè kacıgeıŔ dcya à# oekægyı| `nĔocòv' Póvk `nzcnpzn pd}c~c~kcavıgıg hnèeoŔpn a}pıkcavı èacıŔeacavıg focnf~hóg eóŔpnvnk fov ngzagpnvogog zn fofcodhvajayıgıggnŔvnòcneneoŔ dceayı# ocoŔkocnvoeo|og }nk av|~ nppoĔoeo|Ŕnkoc`n hopenòĔogo húypnvenkpnòv' Avıia# jdckcdv

envkn|cnvo avayıgà aıg `nĔoŔoeo zn enzi~p aıgcavıgkavŔıcıkcı dcavak jdckcdv obpoyay kópó}bagncnvognka|ag`ıvıceayı b~y~y~gà à àba n}nin dc aceaeı|hnvnkpoĔo agcaŔıceakpa`ıv' F~gàg ó| dp~| ıc kaàv úginVa`cdjj(~g a}pıĔı èacıŔeacavıg kacopn zn yaıyıganvoŔneneoŔ dceaeı| à f~hógóg oekægcavıga vaĔeng#fov pacobyo|cok dce~Ŕp~v' ŗoeòn kaàv Póvk I~eb~vonp znPóvk pd}c~c~kcavıgıg aŔa`ıĔı óckncnvcn a}ıcag kócpóvncagcaŔeacavà f~vaà oŔavnp nppoĔoeo| enyncncnv nv acıdvyafov ag úgin bavnknpn hnèocenco; dkya# ea``ncnvbacog`n ngo agcaŔea enpogcnvogn kdg~ceacı`ıv'Póvk `ógayıgàko ochoco k~v~e zn k~v~c~Ŕcav ocnógoznvyopncnvog f~ kdg~à# eóekóg dcag ng kıya yóvn`n

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1?2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

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Gnzæç ocn ochoco k ıyıecav f~c~geakpa`ıv'6

Aco ŗçv Gnzaç(gog nynvcnvog`nko agcaŔıceayı |dv dcag kncoen zn `noecnvo aèıkcaeak aeaiıca ba|ıvcagag

èdk yaıà cóhap enzi~pp~v' F~ c~hæpcnvog fóók k ıyeıgà

kncoencnv kúkcnvocn `nĔoc# Gnzaç(gog nynvcnvog`n hnèng

Ŕnkcocn nv aceıŔ; Gnzæç(`ng fdc fdc úvgnk znvoceoŔpov' Gnzæç oèog a|ıcag cóhapcnvog fov k ıyeı#

Javyèa(`ıv' F~gcav ıg faŔcıiacav ı# Paco%o Ľeagç%o Bnvapç(gog

Fn`æo~(c%C~hap( ı # Eov|æ E~baeen` Enbò Bag%ı

Nypnvæfæ`ç(gog Ynghcæb( ı # E~baeen` Bdo(gog B~cæya%o

Affæyç(yo# Ja|c~ccab Bag(ıg Èa Ĕ apaia%Javyèa Cûhap(o#

Jnpbaco Kaèav Ka|zogco(gıg Fnbinpó(c C~hap "C~hap%o

Npvakon/(o zn ŗnb E~baeen` Yæcob%o Ľyjabagç(gog Np

Paeha%ı Gæyıvç a`cı cûhapoòv' A'K' Fdvdzkdz pavaj ıgàg Javyèa enpgo zn V~yèa

pnvióenyocn# 1?:1 ıcıgà Edykdza(à aıecagag#

Fn`æo ~(c%C~hap# Yajnzçcnvog ydg bókóe`æv ı Y~cpag

Bóynog f' Yócneag(ıg nevocn 18=> ıcıgà

ba|ıvcapıceıŔpıv' Cûhapog a|av ı Paco%o Oeagç%o Bnvapç#

nynvogo# Gnzaç(gog nynvcnvog`n hnèng fæ|ı kncoen zn

`noecnvo# Ľvag(àko Póvkcnvn aèıkcaeak oèog a|`ıĔıgı

fncovpov' Javyèa dcavak kacnen acıgag Gnzæç cûhapcn%



6==

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Javyèa%Póvkèn fov cûhap f~c~geakpa`ıv' 68a ocn 09fa}vakcav ı avayı oyn# f~ a|ıeı|à pagıpeaĔa èacıŔaiaĔıeı|Aco ŗov Gnzao(gog nynvcnvo oèog a|ıcag @nv Fnæg%ı

cyp ıcæbæp%ı Nepabó( Ŕ%Ŕ~iavæ Enzcægæ Gnzæç faŔcıkcı cûhapnav ıceıŔpıv ' 1>r11'> nfa`ıgàko a|eagıg kæĔı`ı abavcı zn }avcak fna| vngkpnòv' FaŔcıkcav ı k ıveı|ı eóvnkkn}cnhúypnvocng Javyèa%Póvkèn yú|cókpn# Javyèa kncoencnv gnyob#

Póvkèn kav Ŕıcıkcav ı oyn voka ocn a|ıceıŔpıv' Gnzao Cûhapooyn# gnypacok a|ıca kd}a nòceoŔpov' Enie~a(gıg 1a zn6:f a}vakcav ı fdŔp~v' Pavob ka`ı f~c~geaag a|eagıgkaĔı`ıgàg RZOO' ó| ıcà oypogyab nòcòĔo pabeognòcenkpnòv'1? Gnzao Cûhapo(gog yapıv yaıyı : ocn 10avayıgà `nĔoŔenkpnòv' @nvo ka}akcı a|eaà# bnv yajaAva} vakaecav ıca g~eavacag`ıv ıceıŔpıv' ÈaĔapaPóvkènyog`ng# Aga`dc~ Póvkènyogn fov yú|cók Ŕnkcog`npnvpo} nòcng Gnzæç Cûhapo &@nv Fnāg%ı ıypıcā āp%ı Necāb~(Ŕ%Ŕ~iavā Enzcāgā Gnzāo# Va oen%b~(ccābóiAcnbo avj%o Ncoj& ofavncnvo ocn faŔcaeakpa`ıv' – ―"Ħavjó(c _a/ ocn fopng yú|cók k ıyeıgàg ydgvako fdŔ yajaaeóypngyob fa|ı fochocnv ocn Aco ŗov Gnzao(`ng &k ıp(a faŔcıĔı

acpı

gà fnopcnv ka`npeoŔpov' Nynv# Gnzæç(gog;

fnpocn paeaecageakpa ıv' Av ıia# eóypngyob# Gnzæç(gognynvcnvog`nko oeca ú|nccokcnvo ocn ochoco ydg a}vakpako fnopcnvog kngav ıga

Ŕnk cog`n fov kaıp `óŔeóŔpóv ' Yú| kdg~y~ gdp~gacpıgà oyn# ó|nvo kavacageıŔ zn èo|oceoŔ bæc`n f~c~gaga|ea ocn ochoco pavob ka`ı zn eóypngyobog a`ı dceayı e~bpnenc fov yapıv nv aceakpa`ıv' Gnzæç(gog Ŕoovcnvog`ngkd}a nòcng fnopcnv zn cûhappn nv acag kncoencnv agı oecæ

zn a|ı

kavakpnvocn a|ı

ceı

Ŕpı

v' Agiak# fnopcnvog acpk ıyıeıgà zn a}vaĔıg fdŔ f~c~gag 12f ó|óg`n fa|ı kncoencnvog aineoin a|ıcıŔı zn bavjcnvog fopoŔen Ŕnkoccnvocnochoco acıŔpıveacav f~c~geakpa`ıv' F~gcavàg faŔka av ıyı ogn kavacageıŔ Capogin fov yapıv nv aceakpa`ıv' F~gcavàgbavnknpcn a|eagıg Póvkèn focng fov Azv~}acı pavaj ıgàgDyeagcı kócpóvó e~bopog`n npoŔeoŔ fovogn kd}a nppovocòĔopabeog nòcnfocov'

Ľèog`n Kopāf%ı @āgoypāg a`cı Agdgoe Javyèa%Dyeagcıia zn Aco ŗov Gnzaç(gog nynvcnvo oèog ÈaĔa%paia%Dyeagcıia oko av ı yú|cóĔóg nv ac`ıĔı f~ a| ea ock `njaAceag H' Voifnv(og àba ydgva oyn ]dcdgacı Pa`n~y|Ealà(gıg kapacdĔ~gà húypnvoceoŔpov'6= _a|eagıg ZvdycazÓgoznvyopnyo kópó}bagnyogn gayıc zn gn |aeag ~caŔpıĔı kdg~y~gà kapacdhcavà ú|nc fov focho f~c~geaeakpa`ıv'61

Agiak# OO' @óga YazaŔıgàg úgin fov Aceag Ŕnbvo dcagFvnyca~( "Cnbèn Z vdycaz/àko Ógoznvyopn kópó}bagnyog`n f~c~gag yú| kd g~y~ a|eacav ıg pneog nòcòĔo ú|nc

zn vnyeç kdccnkyodgcav bakk ıgà kagakcavà fa|ı fochocnv ka`nòceoŔpov'66

Ľck `nja aıga ba|ıvca`ıĔıeı| 18 zavak p~%pav ıgàko yú|cókpn nv acag kncoencnv# Ava} acjafnyogn húvnyıvacageıŔpıv ' _ægo# &bavj%o ncoj(cn faŔcaag yú| %cók#&bavjó(c%a― ocn ydga nvenkpnòv' Bnvfov zavakpa# dvpacaea :%8 yapıv# bnv yapıvà 9 zna 0(nv kncoen f~c~geakpa`ıv'

Yú|cókpn# pd}cae :9> kncoen zav`ıv' Kav Ŕıcıkcav# bnengkncoencnvog acpıga gdp nòceoŔpov' Kncoencnv# ~|~g ~|a`ıao|ab nòceneoŔ# èdĔ~gc~kca fovnv kncoencok aèıkcaeaà f~c~g~ce~Ŕp~v' A| yaıà kncoengog kav ŔıcıĔı fdŔ fıvak ıceıŔpıv ' F~gcav yıvayıca# &a~k "6a%8/&# &paeag "8f%:/&# &èa}eaĸ "?a%:/&# &ydvah "11f%0/&# &Ŕ~gĸav "16a%c/&#&ĸa}aĸ& "10a%6/& kncoencnvoòv' Fov kncoen oyn# &akyı| "18f%0/& Ŕnkcog %`n kav ŔıcıĔı znvocenkcn fnvafnv # a|ıceaeıŔpıv'

Yú|cókpnko fa|ı kncoencnvog kav Ŕıcıkcav ı agcıŔ znvoceoŔ zna av ıe fıvak ıceıŔpıv ' 'Enyncæ# &ĸ~ca}a " 19f%:/& kncoenyogog kav ŔıcıĔı# &k ıeı| oènv`n& ago &k ıeı|oènvkng& Ŕnkcog`n nkyok kaceıŔpıv' Av ıia# &æŔıæg "0f%6/&kncoenyogn# &p~|ak&# (…( aŔcıĸ ">a%6/& oèog &pnvnkn&; &aŔcı&

agcaeı

gàko &}ov ">f%9/& kncoenyogn &òcfnv&; &èopog"1=a%6/kncoenyogn# &hnvènk&; &acèak# aŔaĔı; bajoj ynycnyúcngng&'agcaecav ıga hncng &}nyp ":a%0/& oèog# &nincŔavafıgı oèov %enk&; &bdv "c=a%0/& kncoenyogn &cæık&; &aŔcı&agca %eıgàko &}ov ">f%9/& oèog# &òcfnv& # &nnvog pabpa k ıy%eı# kafa# ojjnpyo|# gae~yy~|& agcaecav ıga hncĘg &kacpaĸ "c9f%>/& kncoenyogn# &knò& Ŕnkcog`n kav Ŕıcık zn %voceoŔpov'Agı Ŕnkoc`n# &oènv`n "9a%9/& kncoenyogog kav ŔıcıĔı &oènvkng&dceayı hnvnkovkng# &oèpoĔogo& agcaeıgàko &oè`óhog&Ŕnkcog`n aèıkcageıŔpıv ' Ú|nccokcn# ènkoeco kncoencnv`n f~ga fng|nv agcıŔ agcaecag`ıveacav à nv aceakpa`ıv'

Ľgincneneo|n nyay ac`ıĔıeı| &@nv Fnāg%ı O pıcā āp%ı Necab~(Ŕ%Ŕ~iavā Enzc g Gnz ç faŔcıkcı

yú|cók# ÈaĔapa Póvkènyog`ng# Nyko Aga`dc~ Póvkènyognhúvn pag|oe nòceoŔpov' _ægo ea``n faŔcav ı ÈaĔapaia#kav Ŕıcıkcav Nyko Aga`dc~ Póvkènyocn znvoceoŔpov' F~ fak ıeàg en|k~v yú|cók# Póvkèngog oko pavobç cnbènyogn ıŔık p~peayı fak ıeıgàg úgne paŔıeakpa`ıv'

Nynv`n kncoencnv# jooc zn oyoe pafagcav ı bæcog`n nv aceakca fnvafnv# oyoecnvog fóók èdĔ~gc~Ĕ~ bac# oncok znèdkc~k nkcnvo aceıŔ dcavak ka`nòceoŔ %pov' Jooccnv oyn# ènŔopco|aeag ko}cnvog`n ènkoceoŔ# yıjap%jooc# |avj%jooc nkcnvo aceıŔ Ŕnkoccnvocn f~c~geakpa`ıv

a/_ókcnen bæco nko aceıŔ kncoencnv<aŔĸaggı &aŔpıĔıgı& >a%1' apġaggı &yúcnòĔogo& 6a%8' ĸıcġıgı &b~~g~& 19f%0' f/_úgncen bæco nko aceıŔ oyoe zn |aeovcnv<aġav &dga& 0f%>'



6=1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

aġ|ıġa &aĔ|ıga& 9f%0' aca aġa &daga# d pavaja& >a%>' agha &dga&' fo|hn &fo|n& >f%>' f~ca aġa &f~ aga# f~ pavaja& :f%0' oknzhn &okoyogn& 1f%6'

ocohhn &ocogn# enecnknpogn& 9f%>' kúĹcóehn &húgcóen& 10a%:' eaĹa &faga& 1>a%0' gopkn &gnn& 1:a#9' gopenhn &gn ncnenn& 1:a%9' dvgoġa &nvogn# eakaeıga& 9f%6 dcav ġa &dgcava& 0a%6' yagka &yaıa& 11a%: ó|hn &ó|n& 18a%1 i/F~c~gea bæco nko aceıŔ dcag oyoecnv< accıgà &kav Ŕıyıgà# úgóg`n& 1f%0 aypıà &acpıgà# acp pavaj ıgà& 1f%9' a| èaĔà &kıya |aeagà& 6a%f

ocnoĹ`n &úgóg`n# b~|~v~gà& 9a%8 ĸaŔıà &úgóg`n# kav Ŕıyıgà& 19a%> ĸaà &gnvn`n& c9a%6 dvgıà &nvog`n eakaeıgà& 6a%>#

dpıà &apnŔog`n&6f%> pa}~ġıà &ofa`npog`n& 2a%8 pohog`n &kav Ŕıyıgà& 2f%8 óypo`n &óypóg`n& 1f%9

è/ Av ıcea bæco nko aceıŔ kncoencnv<

ocnhoĹòg 6f%0' e~g`ıg &f~gàg& 1>a%0 dpı`ıg &apnŔog`ng& 6f%>

dv~`ıg &kav Ŕıàg& >a%8 povochngòg &òvocòkpng& 8a%9 p~Ŕ p~Ŕıe`ıg &`úvp fov agıeàg& 8f%6 ohcok ú|óghó|`ng &oocok kngògo|`ng& 18f%9

`/ _úg bæco nko aceıŔ dcag kncoencnv <

avpkav ı &>a%>&

n/ N Ŕopcok bæco nko aceıŔ dcag kncoencnv<aĹaèa &dga kaàv& 1f%>óènzèn &óèn kaàv& 1f%9'

j/ Eaypav nko aceı

Ŕ kncoencnv<aġgaeak &9f%9&; aĮpaveaĸ &0f%1&; aŔeaĸ&0f%8&;fópenk&>f%8&; èagèeaĸ &?f%6&; èa}eaĸ &?a%:&;èaĸıveaĸ ?f%:&; èıġcaeaĸ &?f%8&; &èdveaĸ &?a%:&;èúenk &?f%6&; è~eeaĸ &1=a%6&; &nhvnenk&0a%>&;hniohenk&19a%1&; av ġaeaĸ &0a%1 &; ofnveak&0a%1;oyvneak &9a%>&; ĸazeaĸ &19a%0&; ĸd}~Ŕeaĸ &19f%8&;ĸd|ġaceaĸ &19a%0&; eakpaeaĸ &1>f%0&; dġageak &9f%1&; ú}kncnenk &>a%1&; úvhngenk&9f%6&; úvpnenk &9a%0&; yaĸıg`ıveaĸ &11f%1&; pagıeaĸ &2a%>&; p~paŔeaĸ &2a%>&; &póŔenk

&2f %>&; &óg`nenk&>a%6&; ıĔıceaĸ &18f%>&; ıġcaeaĸ &1:f%6&; &dvaeaĸ &18a%:&'

h/ Yıjap jooc nko "%hag/ acag kncoencnv< acġag&6f%8&; av ġag,0f% &; aŔı} fav ġag &0f%8&; apġag &6a%8&; faġcaġag&:a%1&; fav ġag &:a%8&; fdcġag &>f%9&;

èacġag &?f%0&; èagèĸag &?f%6&; oypnhng &9f%>&;ĸacġag& 19a%6&; knchng &10f%9&; kúvhng&10f%>&;ĸ~v ġag &19a%:&; &úchngcnvog &9a%6&; paĸvapġag &2f%1&;paġag &2a%1&; povochng &8a%9&; pdcġag &8a%:& ~|apġag&0a%>&; aŔ~gġag &18f%8&

b/ \avj%jooc nko acag kncoencnv aŔı} 0f%8; apı}9f%1; fag} :f%1; fd ĳ~} :a%8; opo} 6f%6; ĸapı} 19f%0;e~Ĺvapı} %1>f%6; pavpı} 8f%>; pdcġagı} 8a%:; agı}18a%9'

Húvóc`óĔó ó|nvn# yú|cókpnko ea``n faŔcav ı#ènkoe nko aceıŔ oyoecnv zn ènkoen hoveoŔ jooccnv`ngenàga hncenkpnòv' F~ `~v~e# `nzvog yú|cókèócók

agcaıŔıca aèıkcagafocninĔo hofo# nynvog a|ıcıŔ ynfn % focn `n ochocoòv' Nyayng yú|cók# Aco ŗov Gnzæç(gognynvcnvogog agcaŔıceayı eakyaòcn kacnen acıgeıŔpıv'Yú|cókpn# ac ġ ~c ık~v 6a%:; a Ŕı } fav ġ ag 0f%8; kncnp~v ġ agà 10f%9; Pn vo fovhn 2f%8; ohocok ú|ó Ĺ ó|ó`ng 18f%9 hofo ~|~g ofævncnv# Gnzāç(gognynvcnvog`n yú| kdg~y~ oja`ncnvog gayıc k~ccagıc`ıĔıgı húy %pnvenk aeaiıca ea``n faŔı dcavak nv aceıŔ dcafo %cov'

Pagıpeaa èacıŔpıĔıeı| yú|cók# yny fochoyo%úgóg`ng Póvkèngog pavobç hncoŔoeogn ıŔık p~paiak òkkap ènkoio úvgnkcnvogo znvenyo fak ıeıgàg à `nĔnv paŔıeakpa`ıv' Bakagon zn Bavn|e Póvkèncnvog`n#

yı|ıiı `(n `úgóŔng Nyko Póvkèngog kncoen oèo zn kncoenydg~ ` ynyo# GC(`nko úvgnkcnv`n | ‒n `úgóŔóv< a|v~k &faŔka&# 0a%8; Ľ|o &Pagv ı&# cf%1;'~|apeak &~~eak&#0a%>; ~|k~k& &~k~&# 0a%>; ı|ak ('(aak&# 0a%:' F~gakav Ŕıcık# oko úvgnkpn Nyko Póvkèngog ` ynyo# (n`úgóŔeóŔpóv< knog &avp# ydg& 10a%:; kdı &aŔaĔı#acèak& 19a%:

Yú|cóĔóg yny fochoyo fak ıeıgàg òkkapn `nĔnv òĔnv fov ú|nccoĔo `n# %7 i%# è% `nĔoŔenyogog úv%gnkcnvogo znvenyoòv< iavcı &jakov# dky~c& ?f%>; io}&o}& ?f%9; idz~vp &dĔ~vp& 1=a%1% ió| &ó|& ?f%:;èacġag &acag& ?f%0; èıġ 3ıġ &jnŞ ap npen# aĔcaea&1=a%6; èopo} &npo}# npoŔo}& ?f%1; èoc`ne 3oc`ne

&pn|# èaf~k& ?f%0; èoho 3oho3n%hó3n`hó &oo& ?f%9;èoo` &oĕop& ?a%>' F~ úvgnkcnv`ng Af~Ŕka(à zn KF( pn`n hnèng &jnvap npen# aĔcaea& agcaeıgàko èıġ kncoenyo# ıġcaeak &aĔcaeak& ocn èıĔcık kncoenyogogagı kúkpng hncòĔogo húypnvenkpnòv'

Yú|cókpn# fov k ıyeı Póvkèn kncoen dceakca fovcokpn èdĔ~# Ava}èa zn Javyèaàg òcoeo|n hoveoŔ kncoencnvn kav Ŕıcık dceak ó|nvn pnŔkoc nòceoŔ knco enzn kncoen hv~}cav ı# Póvkèngog k~`vnpogo zn hó|nc%



6=6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

coĔogo dvpaa kdag úvgnkcnvòv< paŔıĸ &ap& 8f%0; pa% }~ġ &ofā`np& 2a%8; ĸ~Ŕ ĸĸ~caĸ &nŔnk& 19f%c; ĸıv ĸ aaĸ &kaık&19f%8; ĸavaĹ~ ú &|og`āg& 10a%1; yaĸ ĸ~caĸ –kncf# kú}nk― 1 6a%6;pag agĸı &yafab a`ıgcıĔı& 2f%0; ~g~ĸ &af`nyp& 18f%0'Yú|cókpn# fa|ı kncoencnvog oko av ı jdgnpok Ŕnkco fov`ng nv aceakpa`ıv< faĔca% :a%1 $ faca%:f%1 &faĔcaeak&; iavcı ?f%> $avc~&jakov# dky~c&; oc`ne 18f%1 $ èocàe ?f%0 &pn|# èaf~k&; ofnv%0f%

6$ ofnv% 18a%0 &húg`nv%# ocnp%&'Fo| èacıŔeaeı|à úgin a|eaı agng pvagykvofn nppok'

@aba ydgva fa|ı yú|cnv ó|nvog`n gdpcav kıyeıgà aèıkcaeacavà

f~c~g`~k zn agcaecav ıgı à húypnvnvnk kncoencnvog ò|ogogo a}pık'

@nv fnæg%ı cypıcæbæp%ı necaf~(Ŕ%Ŕ~iavæEnzcægæ Gnzæo

Vaboenb~(ccab~ iacnbo

bavj%o ncoj

<fāvo# inccn zn iacā' <nvngcnv'

<nz'

<nz'<òcfnv' <`nhóc' <okoyogn' <óèogn' <óypóg`n' <acpıgà' <cnf' <agıñ hofo'

<acgıà' <úñog`n' <aña `nk' <okoyo' <óèo' <~zacayañ#

<|oā`n zn Ĕānp' <k~zznpo'

<ĽĨpoav

<ócnŔò' <oyyo'

<npenhn' <Ŕıgı}' <`nveāg' <`dcaŔı} <ho|co' <agiıcaıg'

1

> dvgıà < nvog`n' ~ap < Ĩaicnp' úyvók < enyp'

: acġ~cık`~v < aceac~`~v' oènĹ < j āyık' a| èaġà < p ī | |aeāgà'

aıpı} < n`ó} ap~x < òoŔ' apġaggı < ò`óhog' a~ĸ

6f 1 aphagà < ò`óhog`n' oŔ kógo < ingh hógo' ~èva`ıe < ~ġva`ıe'

6 opo} < ho`ó} zn ac~}' oeò < Ŕoeò' opneog < o`nog'

9 dk < zakp' ópóg < óèóg' ú|hngo

< ohvnho'

0 dcġaŔ < ~zacagıv ho`nv Ŕdc kdġa| ko oc úñogin'

ochoĹòg < ncóñ`ng' dcġa < dc~v`ı'

> dpıà < d`~gà' ovóv < hncóv zn dc~v' dpı`ıg < d`~gàg'

: dceaeog < dcea~}# ~c~y < kafocn'

8 dvgıà < nvog`n' agàĸ < Ŕúcn zn agiıcaıg' acġag < ac`~ġı'

9a1 ava < fo%eagā jo zn avayıgà úpóĹ < ú`ół' úcpóvóv < úc`óvóv'

6 úchngcnvog < úceoŔcnvog' úcpóvyóg < `~Ĩûc op`óvyog' dĸ~ha < dĸ~eaĸ'

9 oènv`n < oè`óhog' oveny < dcea|' oehngóv < nenk ènknv'

0 oypnfng < oypnng' úvpnenk < aĸeaĸ' acagı} < šdcagı}'

> úcóh < úcó' oyvneaĸ < ho|cnenk' ópeoŔ < húógeóŔ'

: ó|n < ó|nvn' ovóv < dc~v' ncn < ncnen|ynĹ#ncnen|ynñ'

8 dpc~Ĕ < āpnŔog'

Ľ|o ovngcnv

6 ozúd

oenyoknzhn

9 óènzènóypo`naypıà

0 oeoag~Ĺòkaccıgà

> ocnog`naĹaèaoknzóènx

6a 1 ozóvyaĹ ayv~

oyo

6 ovok ócnŔòcyıġ

9 aphnco

~Ŕacı}oveng

0 ozvoco}oyvn

úpvó



6=9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

óg < āzā|' Úhpn`óv < ġaųaf`~v' ocnoĹ`n < úñoñ`n' 0f 1 acaĩag < pāv āi'"1/ ophnè <oòink acaeag < eāv āi'

9f 1 apagcav < òngcnv' aĩpaveaĸ < ĸav ıŔ`ıveaĸ' dġageak < ~ageaĸ' 6 ofnveaĸ < húg`nvenk'

dfŔaeak < fnñ|nenk' úvnĹ < paĩp' 6 úvhngenk < úhvngenk āŔıāg < š~|aĸ%

ú|hn <ġav ı 9 oeo < cn||npo'

dvgıġa <nvogn zn avayıga' aagı < kóèók fov ā`nv' 9 aĸı|`ıĹ < aĸıp`ıñ' ogāġ < e~Ŕāĩof%c fç%pnknccój'

ú}kn < ú}kn' ú}kn < ú}enk' aġgaeaĸ < ~zacageaĸ' 0 agà < dc ĸaàv'

0 ocphóèo < ocnòio' ıŔva} < nyvók' ocokòe < ohocòe' ageaĸ < dv~ceak'

aġ|ıġa < aġ|ıga' av ġag < dv~cag' > opohn < occnvn' > aġav < dła'

úvpngóv < agav' dĨŔaeaĸ < fnł|nenk'

oypnhngòk < oypn`óho hofo' aāg < nŔhóg' : oyva < inei%o æ`ne' ogāk < knpĨó`ā'

ayyıġ < aypı' : afıŔġa < nv' nz < koŔo' ogo < kav ıgàŔ' ıc`āv ı < ıc`ıveak' apa < fafa'

8 úppo < hoppo zn hnèpo' acaŔa < ap' o| < }n' 8 aıc < ĸdcał' afıŔġa < nv`óv' opoĹ < oòñ' ozàġı < iazvnp' aŔeaĸ < hnèenk'

0a 1 ıv ġaeaĸ < ap' aŔı} fav ġag < hnèó} ho`ng' oèko < knèo' >a 1 aŔĸaggı < hnè`óhogo' aaĸ <èagaĸ' ú}kncnenk < ĸaĸıeaĸ' dv~g < eaĸāe' azac < `óŔ' 6 dcav <agcav' 6 óg`nenk < èaġıveak' dcav ġa < agcava' aŔcıĸ < pnvnkn' d~ĸcav < ~agıĸcav' ~veaĸ < èa'

9 ócóŔ < ĸıyıe aigç ió|' 9 nyng aeag < nó bdŔ' ~`v~eı < ~v~g`~Ŕı' afı| < Ĩāj ı|' ogagiı < ogāe koŔo' úpóg < òcnk'

0 ac} < fabā`ıv' 0 ~acea| < ~pagea|' nvk < ~c~' ~ac < ~pag'

aĹa pohvó koe < ała `nhog koe' azc~ < eaĩaccn' ovk < šākaš' > avafa < iavafa'

> ~|ĸ~ĸ < ~ĸ~' aca aġa < d ała' ~|aphag < ~~ġag' avpĸag < av`ıgà' ogòŔ < ĸafĸaèaĸ : apı} kncnĹogn < oypnó} hncngn' nhvnenk < fókócenk' ~Ŕdc dĸ < f~ ĸaàv dc`~v'

: ~ac~v < ~pag~v' 8 ācójpn < āŔójpn'

aĸıg < ync' dv~`ıg < ĸav Ŕ~`ıg' ı|aĸı < aaġı' >f 1 Bavjó(c%fæ oèo < iazvnp' faap <Bó`æ ia||n zn incc'"f/

8 av~ĸı < av~ġı' fap fap <po| po| zn |oā`n zn ĸap ĸap ocngĸapı < ĸdĸ~yı' 6 fook < fóók'



6=0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

fovhóèo < znvoio' fovnz < fov'

fópnv < fopnv' foknè < ĸa`ıgiık' fav`~v < zav`ıv' 9 fokn < ĸa`ıg'

9 fdcġag < dcag' fú| < fn|' }nknv < Ŕūvnp' f~vaz < f~v ġ~' }ov < òcfnv' favaz~| < eópnzzng'

fdc~v < dc~v' 0 f~ca aġa < f~ aga' 0 favèa < ióecn' aca aĔa < d aga' fncācıġ < fncācı' fov ĸagàg kógo < nze%o Ŕnk'

fdceaġa < dceay~g' > fopoh < kopāf' > faŔaĸ < `nevng' 8a 1 Ħavjó(c%pā

fdcyae < dcyae' 6 pocnveog < òcnveog' fo|hn < fo|n' poc < òc'

: fav`ı < hopò' pocn} < òcnó}' f~v~g < nzznc' 9 pa}ea`ıe < ava`ıe zn f~cea`ıe' fdc~} < dc~}' pıñya < òñcnyn'

8' fovòk < zovòk pohóv < nvoŔòv zn `nhóv' fópenk < fopenk' 0 pohnè < nvoŔoink'

fochóvóv < focòvov' pa}av < f~c~v' :a 1 }nvhācn < iohnv }āvn' pok < hofo# fnv āfnv'

faġcaġag < faġcaag' povochngòg < òvocokpng' faca < dġcag' > poeóv < `neóv# ābng' fon < ĸ~c~g' povhóvhnco < òvhóvenhn'

6 fopnc < oko aŔav# poŔhng < poŔenk'

ĸ~gag < óèo aŔav' : pocfn < iāŔık zn Ŕūvo`n zn ī zāgn fnŔeng < šdga4 poĹ < fnv āfnv' avc~ < ĩakçv' pdjvaĸ < šd}vaĸ'

9 fúvn < ĸ~vp'"9/ 8 pdcġagı} < šdcagı}'":/ f~cav < f~gcav' paġ < àġ' focoh < iakc' pıvgaġ < šıvgaĸ'

fúhó < ĩakçe' 8f 1 povok < òvo' 0 focohyo| < iāboc' pa}eay < f~cea`ı'

}nyp < ninc Ŕav āfıg oèovenk# pa}eaĸ < f~ceaĸ' fókvngo} < fókócó}' 6 p~Ŕ p~Ŕıe`ıg < `úvp agıeàg'

> }dè < èúvnk' pagıeay < focen|' }~yĸa < ĸaġ~' 9 póŔpo < `óŔò'

f~caġ < f~łav' pohvó < `nhog' : faĨn < pdĸaè' pohvn < `āovn'

fúcók <kovoŔ# p~gi~g agıga pófo < òfo' yav ĸag kovoŔ' 0 pdĸ~Ŕ`ı < ~v~Ŕ`ı'

fnvohag < ĩav ī v ĸ~eaŔ' pohoveng < `nhoveng' faya < fny`óv' paŔıĸ < ap'

8 fdcġag èaĸ < dc`~ġı zaĸp' > p~paŔ < dcàŔ' fav ġag < zavag' pavpı} < k~v ı}' fdc~} oò < dce~Ŕ oò' pa}ı} < f~c~}'

:f 1 fav ı} okng < zaveıŔ oò' : pdca < šdc~' faca < faġca' pov Ŕn < `nvyn' fúvk < `nvo paĸn' paeag < TT

6 fúvo < ĸ~vp' pncnhog < Ŕabog' fd`~ga < fıc`ıviıg' 8 p~~ĸ < paz~ĸ'



6=>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

pón < `nzn' 6 èıg ; ŕaĩ ç ĩ zn hnvènk pncnkng < iavafa' èa}`~v`ı < húg`nvò'

pdy~ġı < pdy~g' èavca} < èaġıv ı}' 2a 1 pneo| < fd|ġ~' 9 èdvea < èúg`óven'

pdyp~ġag < ĸa`nĩ% èaĸac`ı < èacĸag`ı' paġag <šaıgeaĸ aigo šaıgag' èa}ag < acafıĸ'

6 pacġaeıŔ < šaıgeıŔ' 0 èıveaġaeog < yıèvav ıg' pagıeaĸ < focenk' èıvea} < yıèvaı}' pagıġagà < foc`óhog' èıveaeıŔ < opoŔó} èıĸeayı'

9 popvnng`n < popvno} Y èóèók < cn|o|' pohóv ; `nhóvn' èıveagıŔ < yaveaŔeıŔ' pocoe < úkóŔ' èofog < enkny' p~vayı < òco' : èoo` < ohop'

0 povoñ < `nvoñ' èıèĔag < yıèag' p~v~ĸ < pnzaĸĸ~j' èúeèn < ĸaŔ~ĸ' povenk ; `nzŔovenk' ènkeng < èdk'

pohnvó < pnvyogn' 8 èdveaĸ < ynhovpenk' > pnhó < jnvoŔpn' èa}eaĸ << e'''

pıggıġ < iagc~' èdv~} iopo} < ynhovò}' p~paŔeaĸ < ~caŔeak' ?f 1 èo < a' papaġ < paiacc~ĸ' èopo} oò < npeoŔ'

: pn`~yo < iaàyı' èagèeaĸ < ŕagèeaĸ' póvcók < `óvcó' 6 èagèıĸaggı < ŕagè`~ġı' p~eaĸı < iāŔık' èa}av < ~caĸ'

8 pdĹeıŔ < óŔóeoŔ' èúenk < yaceaĸ' pnv ĸ~v~ya < àeaġı' ènŔ < Èo|'

pa}~ġıà < iofā`āpıgà' 9 io} < o}' 2f 1 pav ĸapġag < àġı`ıiı' èoho < nó'

paġac < y~~Ĺnvenk4 èoho okog < no`óv' pdĸpaeay < `~vea|' 0 èocàe < p ī |'

6 poceoó} < e~|pavof dc~}' èacġag < acag' pıe < ĸašvn' èıgcıġı < hnvènkcoĔo' pıgeah~v < |aioj' > èacġagı < acagı'

9 pazŔac`ıĹ < dv~c`~ñ' èóèóg < dġcagè~k' pac`ıĹ < afac`ıe' iavcı < jaĸov' pıĹcaġagà ; òñcn`óhog`n' è~} < aĨŔo'

0 pañ av ıĸı < ŕafāĩ a`ıgı' : èaĸıv <<< y~iı' pachag < ĸazv~ceıŔ f~ġà' èaĸıveaĸ ; èaġıveaĸ' púvn < Ŕnvç iap' ió| < ó|'

> pdgg~Ĺ < enigūg' ènpcnzok < j ıg`~k'

póŔenk ; `óŔenk' 8 èdva < ĸ~c' p~va p~Ŕ < ĸapcag`ıv èıġcaeaĸ < ıĸıceaĸ'

: p~bpn < ĸapcag' èop < pıŔ' pagıŔ < focoŔ' èapcagĸıè < šd}' pap~ < à`ı' 1=a1 idz~vp < dġ~vp' pón < `nzn' èóvóp < óvó'

8 poho < ĸav Ŕ~' èdĸ~vaĸ < ènŔen' pohog`n < ĸav Ŕ~à' 6 è~eeaĸ < èoeenk' PnĹvo fovhn < zovn' èıġ < jnvā`'

?a 1 Ħavjó(c% ioe èneng < kóbc'



6=:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

9

0

1=f1

6

9

1 1 a1

6

9

0

>

:

11f1

6

9

0

>

èú} kúvk èopog

ba

Ĩafnvio Ĩdv

òk ò} oeoŔ àzĸ ī zfā`

ò òhnè

Ħavjó( % nc

ĬĔ Ħavjó(y%yog

yo|ò

yav ı nv yaz~ĸ yog yac~v ydĸeaĸ yı}ĸav`ı yızav ı} yaĹa yaġıg~veıg yaġıgkaè ynz`ā

ydv ġacı yııv yoóco yı}ĸav`ı yagĸa yaĸıŔ yncok yaĸıg`~veaĸ yaġıp y~Ĺac yaĸac~v yıyĸaveıŔ

yaĸıg yıĸac`ı y~v~g yózók yıàe yúk ydvaġ ydga ynj āc

<'eaġv~v# fóóvnk' <'hnvènk' <' ĸafocn'

<'}nġaefnv%o iaee pak oe#

<'cāık'

<'hofo' <'`nv oeoŔ' <'eaiŕonp' <'ĸaŕıv ġa'

<'ĸıŕ' <'ò`óhogcnog'

<'Ħaĸĸ ag fāpca enc npenk

<'focò'

<'šavaj' <'ynznv' <'yaz~p' <'yng' <'yac~fag' <'ydĸaĸ zn v āb%ı pngh' <'Ľèò' <'y~zav ı}' <'yaga' <'yag~v ıg' <'ag`~ĸia' <'acıe yapıe# Ŕov ā'

<'ydveaġ' <'yıġıv' <'hó|nc' <'oèò' <'ya ~ a' <'ŕaġıŔ' <'ga|ók' <'pngf ī b ncnenk' <'yocāb' <'yav~' <'a|ac~v' <'aĸàveıŔ'

<'ĩa|v zn agı

g fovfovgn' <'a|ac`ı' <'e~ipaòc bnzā' <'ĸ~v ıeıŔ pag' <'}āk ó|co' <'eāpne'

<'TT <'úv`n<'pnypo'

: Ħavjó(Ŕ%Ŕıg Ŕ~`~vzng

Ŕ~Ĩ

16a1 ŔnĹ

Ŕoy Ŕ~gĸav 6

6 Ħavjó(ŕ%ŕa`

ŕaĸ ĸ~caĸ ŕav ıv

9 ŕdĸeaĸ ŕdkıv ŕı|caz ŕaga

0 ŕaĸacèn ŕazġa ŕd~v ġac

> ŕd~v ġayag ŕdĸıv ġa ŕav ĸıp

: ŕııv ŕaca ŕ~f ŕı|aġag

16f 1 èoĔop

19a

1 jócag e~ okog jócagcoĸ jnŔ

6 Bavjó(c%kaj

ĸaà

ĸacġag

ĸaceaġa9 ĸa

ĸa~

ĸapıġ

ĸ~v~ġ

0 ĸ~p~ceaĸ

ĸdġa

ĸazeak

<Ŕa`ıvzag

<'òcfnv

<'dġv ı'

<'kóĹóvn'

<'kncf' <ayc%ı iavafo`n y~ èaĔcaeak

<'~veaĸ zn ydĸaĸ

<'kúv'

<'gnkny#

<'ya'

<'fıvaĸ#

<'aveaġag

<'ogiae'

<'f~~vyag'

<'f~~v#

<'ióv ia

<'yıġıv

<'èojpcok'

<'yú|' <'facafag ohop f ī %eaiv ī

<'Ŕnve%vó zn Ŕnbfā|'

<'ĸavaġag'

<'jocag eo ko'<'jocagcı' <

<'Ŕnecn'

< ĸagà' < ĸacag'

< ĸacea|' < fç%eaiga yng' < `óknco zn ĸagĸı' < ĸapı' < ĸ~v ı' < ĸ~vp~ceaĸ' < ĸdaıg' < ĸdzeaĸ'

6 Ħavjó(|%|a` ųaġa <'ĸav ı iazvnp'

9 Ħavjó(š%šı

ũaypag <'`ócfng`'0 Ħavjó(c%ġag

ġıgĹoŔo} <'èngcnŔo} ġavagfoŔ <'jnvā` zn'''

> Ħavjó(c%jæ

Ħavjó(c%bæ

Ħavjó(`%àc



6=2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

eng eagàŔhnv eov|ā

6 e~Ĺc~ġ

eoāg

eóknccnc

e~Ĺvapı}

9 eāŔāf

e~gà dĸ

e~gà èaĸà

0 e~gèa

ea

eagıġ

eaĸpaeaĸ

> Ħavjó(g%g~g

goèók

gopo}gopnog

goòg

1:a1 go oĹog

Goen

Gaġ~

gāiū` 6 gnzv~

gohāg

goèók opncoĹ

9 gopenhn

gopkngn fdcya

goèóĹpóv

1:f1 Ħavjó(c Zaz zaa

6 Ħavjó(c _a

_aŔ~v~g

av~p~} 9 opoŔhnè

ıġcaeaĸ

aŔcav

0 ayaaeġ~v

acfav~v

> úvneny

úvóv

oġaè

18a 1 ó|hn

_ophn

_ó| póeng

6 ag

az~Ŕ`ı

a|~}

< fng' 9 agı} < `úgó}' < fnñ|noŔcnv' acġ~| < pngbā' < fnh' úvnenĹ < óhóvenk'

< e~bpéi' 0 ofnvò < ocnpò zn ŕacıznvò' < ~g`' ~è~g < ĸı|' < e~vayya' ıġıŔp~v < `nzŔov' < f~gh~càı}' > ofnvpeng`n < yacızov`ók`n' <cafó` eogn zn iafé' aĹcıġ < hofo'

< f~ ĸaàv`ıv' aeag < az~|'

< f~ ĸaàv zaĸpa' nk < Ŕnšāg'

< f~ ĸaàv' : acaxaè < }nġāefnv'

< aġ' dvaeaĸ <paif ī v openk# fov gnygn

< f~c~`' paif ī v ncnenk'

< úhenk' ofnvenĹ < yacızovenñ' ofnvhng`n < yacızov`ók`n'

< goin' 8 ofnvhng ydĹ <yacızov`ók`ng ydñva'

< gncno}' ococoĹ <nócok' < go`nog' av~ĸ < a`ıg'

< gn`ng' 18f1 av~ĸ okıg a`ıñcık`ıv' < gohn' oc`ne < p ī |' < gnygn' ~z~ aèa ĸazv~ce~Ŕ àv ı ~gıgà

< gn`ng`óv' aġà }oŔeoŔ èúvnk'

< yāġav ko agıñcaŔav āf oènvcnv' 6 ı}av o}nk' < ingh aŔ hngè' < `nzā' ~zaiıĸı Póvk ā`neo aigo kng`ó

< goin o`ncoñ' iogycnvog`ng ġag bnv koeo < gncnenhn' zav oyn'

< gnn' 9 aġcıĸ `nypeāc' < gn dcya' ohcok ú|óñó|`ng aĨŔıcıĸ yo|`ng' < goin' 0 avcıġa`ı aigo f~~v`ı'

< Ĩap ~g~ĸ af`nyp'

> ıġıceaĸ òvocenk'

< ho|co' az~ĸeıŔ f~c~Ŕe~Ŕ'

< aĸı}' ~vpaĸ ogoŔ dk~Ŕ~' < ovoŔoink' : avcıġ fnv āp'

< aġcaeaĸ' acĸıgı} ogiogo}'

< šıj ıccav' agıñ `úgóñ'

< fāf' 8 aŔ~ġgag ~zageıŔ'

FĽFCĽ_DHVAJ_A ZN KOYACPEACAV Af~Ŕ'< Apaca# Fnyoe'# Af~ Ŕka Yú|có Ĕ ó # P@K _a'# Agkava 1?86 A|'@oc' A|nvfaiag @ocogog Ľ |abc ı Cóhapo'# 1?::%1?'' Fak ı' FAV^PÈ^ < Fav~pè~# J' Ynea# E~baknen %pó(c%C~hapng'#Agkava "P@K(gà fayıcıdv/ F@ < Ú\KAG# Ľya'# _~y~j Fn%Abenp Fn Fd|d Ĕ cag @nypagı'#Agkava 1?2?'

<'aġe~v' <'aczav~v' <'hncen|' <'hncóv' <'aġaè' <'ó|n' <'nvoŔóv' <'ó| foñ' <'`úg zn šavaj' <'npoŔò zn aĸcaŔ`ı' <'añıcya'



6=?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

FDVDKDZ 1?:1< A'K' Fdvdkdz'# Faà(o ac C~hap# Ycdzav( Paco( Ľ eago hnvapykdhd k ydèogngoae Aco Ŕnva Gazdo# Edykza 1?:1

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KF Ľg`nky y'26' focohyo| fochoyo|# iæboc# akıcyı|' Kv Ŕ' focoh

fovnz fovo# fovoyo 3fovnhó fk|' fovnhó &fovo# fovoyo&# KF Ľg`nky y'?1;

fovnz &fov koenygn òenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'190' fopoh kopa}; gnfæp# fopko' fopok &enkp~fa òvcnv zn nv`ng fopng gnfap

eagayıga àbo kncóv&# Af~Ŕ# y'19=; fopoh &a|~# enkp~}# vokia

zn gāen; fopeoŔ# bacāy zn gnfāp dce~Ŕ&# ŗY y'2?; fopoh

&enkp~}# }~y~ca# yngn`æp&# ŗY y'89; kv Ŕ' fopoh &enkp~}&# KF

Ľg`nky y'?0; fo %po# fopok &enkp~}# a|ıceıŔ Ŕn&# PaY O y':1>' fon kıyvak' fon &kıyvak# eæòæg# fopnc# ~vhaiı&# ŗY y'?0' fook fóók

3fn`ók# fook &fóók# inyoe# fd|dvh# ~c~h#ynv`æv&# ŗY y'?0; kv Ŕ' fn`ók &fóók&# KF og`nky y':2' fú`ógn fıc`ıviıg fó`ngn &fıc`ıviıg `nenkòv&' Af~Ŕ' y'109;

&fıc`ıviıg# fç%`ægn& &# ŗY y'82; èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n<

Póvke' fn`ngn &fıc`ıviıg&# PvkeY' y' ; fn`n%ga

&kovhaz~cyoedgcav aocnyoha eagy~f azcagaòhag# koèok yavako

ĸ~Ŕ& ÚPĽC y' ?0' fúhó bakçe fóhó &fochog# akıccı# bakçe# fochn&# KF Ľg`nky y'11?;

fóhó &akıccı& EK'O y'062# OOO y'662#9=9; fúhó &fúhó ncoh

kóècóhav~k pañv ı yı|& e~`v ı }vazaŔo# yocgı# yznpcı @PY

"Eagobaoka OOO/ y' 11:' fúvn k~vp

fúvn & k~vp&# ŗY y'2=; av ıia# fk|' fúvo fúvo k~vp' fúvo &k~và òvcnv ko kóvk eagayıga& Af~Ŕ' y'109' fúvk ' `nvo pakn# `nvo pakkn Fk|' fúvk &faŔcık# kócab&# KF Ľg`nky y'1=> fú| fn|# }ae~kc~ k~eaŔ' fú| &hænp dĔ~g }ngfn fn|ogn òvcnv&' Af~Ŕ' y'

10:; kv Ŕ' fú| &fn| "}ae~kpag a}ıceıŔ k~eaŔ/&# KF Ľg`nky

y'1=># f~ca ġ }ıgav

f~ca ġ &nv`ng kaga~f èı

kag fı

gava `nvcnv&# Af~Ŕ' y'1>1; kv Ŕ' f~caĸ &}ıgav&# KF og`nky y'11>' f~v~g úgin# nzznc' f~v~g &nzznc `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'109; f~ %



610

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

cacav ~ıgı&# PPAY' Occ y' 01>' èoho oo# hó|nc 3n`hó# èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n# kncoengog# oho#

o|ho zn oho hofo `nĔoŔok hncoŔen envbacncnvogo húypnvng

úvgnkcnvo aŔaeakpa`ıv' _aıea ba|ıvca`ıĔıeı| GC(`n nv

acag èoho kncoenyo# n`hógóg jdgnpok hncoŔoeogo zn è%7%

`nĔoŔenyogo húypnvenyo fakıeıgàg òkkap ènkoio úvgnkcnv`ng

fovoòv# èoàe pn|# èaf~k icàe &pn| `nenkòv |û` eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y'698;

èoc`ne &oc`ne# èaf~k# ynvoi# iaincn# Ŕopāf# fap# p ī |# |ó`&# ŗY

y'109# 1:0; kagakcavà# èoc`ne kncoenyogog oc`ne zn ioc`ne

Ŕnkoccnvo `n f~c~geakpa`ıv' èoc`ne kncoenyo# èoc# ioc zna oc

&nc# vó|hæv& kncoenyogn +`ne+àe a}ıe nkogog hnpovoc%

enyocn pnŔkoc nòceoŔpov' +`ne+àe oyoe`ng oyoe a}ea

nkocn Póvkèngog pāvob ī zn èaĔàŔ cnbèncnvog`n faŔka úvgnkcnvo

zav`ıv' Enyncæ# Dvpa Póvkèn(`n nvàe &nv`ne&# KF 9 1=1#

AB; fovpae &~|~g eó``np& hofo' ÈaĔàŔ Póvk Cnbèncnvog`ng

Papav Póvkènyog`n# fov`ne kncoenyo zav`ıv< &1' ó|ava kocoŔo}

fovhncn} faŔkagca p~vhag# 6' fagyı fovhn# fov ók za kıppa#

`nvvnx&# PPY' O# y'1>1; Kncoen# yny ú|nccoĔo fakıeıgà# d zn

è7 `nĔoŔenyogog òkkap ènkoio eoyæccnvog`ngòv' GC(`n zn

òĔnv ÈaĔapa yú|cókcnvog`n èocàe kncoenyogog agı yıva

oc`ne Ŕnkco `n f~c~geakpa`ıv' èop `ıŔ# kngav' èop &kngāv# pavaj# boyāv# oĔvnpo `~zav# }nv`n# b~`û`%ı

av ā| ī # bo``np zn ia|a}# iog%o infçg& ŗY'y'1>?; èaĔàŔ Póvk

cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' èop (, 1' fovnv }vènpgoñ kıgıgàhı ~v ıgı# Ŕ~c

kıg ó|o# 6' fovnv }vnènp "~veag# p~vak }~gkpı b'f'Ŕ'/

kıgıgàhı iov# ~gg# 9' gogò `n f~cya enàg# óycok# }vdyp%

vagypzdgıñ kıgıg èokcnzzèo yı|ık'''&# PPAY' ĽB y'099 èdva k~c ' Ŕde &avkaàŔ# vnjok# nŔ# `dyp# èojp&# ŗY' y'101;

èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' è~va &1' nyovcokkn póŔo} k~c

opochng koŔo# 6' Acpıg ^và è~ggàhı bapıggaeıg }dcopok zayyacı#

aıv ıe ayknv faŔcıhı# 9' RZOO%RZOOO hayıvcavà nyovcokkn póŔo}

kvn}dypgd opochng koŔo&# PPAY OOO y'008 èúeèn kaŔık# kn}èn èúeèn &èúeèn# knjèn# y~yak# èa knv`æg&# ŗY' y'

1>2' èúenk yaceak' èúenk &fnvpavaj# cahz ncnenk&# ŗY' y'1>?' è~eeak ıkageak è~e &nv o`óf y~a pac `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ'

y'602; è~eeak &y~a àceak zn fapeak# y~a àcı}

èıkeak# `dcagı} fapeak# è~e~eak&# ŗY' y' 1>?' è~} oo# hó|nc; `dĔv~' è~f &v āyp zn cæık zn hnvènk eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ'

y'601' èóèók cn| ī |# cn||npco# papcı èóèók &papc~ `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'609; èóèók &cn| ī |#

papc~# Ŕ ī v ī g&# ŗY y'1>>; kv Ŕ' yóèoh &papcı; oèocnink Ŕn# Ŕ~v~}&#

KF Ľg`nky y'011' èóvóenk óvóenk' 3dg% òk hofo òk &kofo `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'6>'2; òk &pok# æ`æp`ıv#

hofo# eoyc# d f~# agàk&# ŗY' y'180 ' ò kıŔ' ò &kıŔ# |neoypag# Ŕopæ# ynveæ# hó|# pçvneæb&# ŗY'

y'189' h ıggho Ŕenk kú}nĔog bazcaavak kaèeayı# h ıggh ıŔıf &kncf |ıvcaı} kaèeaha òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ'

y'9=1; h ıggh ıŔeak &knykog fov Ŕno oypoŔeæe n`nvnk

akyıveak zn kú}nk bazcaa bazcaa kaèeak&# ŗY y'6=?' húvhn ka`nb húvhn &fov gnzio fdv~ zn y~ea oyeoòv&# ŗY y'6>2' ıvhaeak bı|cı kdŔag ap' GC(`n ıvhaeak Ŕnkcog`n bavnkncngng kncoen }nk

èdk kagakpa avh ıeak# avh~eak zn avhaeak foèoecnvog`n

hnèenkpnòv' Fk|' avh ıeak &nyf%o `~g`n%o }óv%|~v&# Yngh' 98v

19; avh ıeak &óvoló%ió# k~zznpcó# }óv%|~v ap&# ŗY y'?;

avhıeak &ibnzac va}o`n# }cnog `n zoh~n~v& @PD y'(10; èaĔàŔ

Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< K|k' avhoeaq &apıg ng oo iogyo&# K|kPY'

y'1?; Kıvh' avhıeak# avhaea &iogy# ayoc ap& _^@ABĽG y'09;

Pap' &avhaeak& PPAY' O y'::; Ú|f' avh~eaq ap &|apco ia}qov

ap&# ÚPĽC y'>:; ^h# av%Ĕ~eaq &avhaeak# }dvdòypaa

znvrdzaa cdŔa`&# ^hVC y'6?; Pvke' avhaeak &1' àĔ

knoĔo#% 6' fn%`nz ap&# Pvke@O' y'02' ı|ak aak 3aàk fk|' N@ y'0> ofnvenk húg`nvenk# dccaeak' 3 ofnv%3 ofnv% ı`~ fnv ı`% oèog fk|' N@ y'98; ı`% jooco

zn fnv% av`ıeiı joococn pnŔkoc nòceoŔ# &húg`nvenk# dccaeak&

agcaeıgàko f~ fovcnŔok jooc# fó|óŔenn ~Ĕvaavak ofnv% zna

ofnv% Ŕnkcog`n `nĔoŔeoŔpov' ofnvenk$ofnvenk èaĔàŔ Póvk'

cnbèncnvog`n ahıg dcavak oŔcnpocenkpnòv< Kıvh' lofnv% &1'

fovúúgó ln fov gnvyngo lúgúpóó# fovúúgó fov lakka l~eŔdd# 6'

kdd fnvóó' lóvhó|óó''&# KıvhPPY' y'6=?;



61>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ú|f' ófaveaq &1# gavya ako koeyago fovav paeag%ha ako

iaha dccaeaq# lúgapeaq# 6' k~eaq# ko%vopeaq''&# ÚPĽC

y'0:1; Pap' iofnvó &fochoco fov ~ggha fovnv ~e ıŔ ako eakyap

focng koego `n f~cya ~|a%p~# 6' kopnvhn enif~v opó# k~x~# 9'

gnvyngo `n f~cya# ıvak ~ggàhı koŔohn pa}Ŕıv~ ûèog# koŔo focng

ako }dèpa aŔa ~|ap~'''& PPAY OOO y' 8:1' oèo ka`ıg# bagıe# nin Kv Ŕ' oŔo &ka`ıg&# KF Ľg`nky y'6=H oknz okoyo 3oknhó oknz &okoyo focn `nenkòv&' Af~Ŕ' y':0; oknz

&okoyo `n fnvafnv&# ŗY y'>> ocn dg# b~|~v' ocnoe`n & úgóe`n `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'86; ocn

&aàp%ı iapıj`ıv opn eaigayıga# b~|~v# iog`# gn|`# }oŔ&' ŗY y'>2;

ocn &~g# kav Ŕı& @@K' 1>1' oc oc# nc# enecnknp oc &back eagayıga kncóv&# Af~Ŕ' y':?'

oeò Ŕoeò oeò &Ŕoeò# nc%bacnpó ba|ogo# ncag# nkg~g&# ŗY y':1' oeny `nĔoc' oveny# oeny &dcea| `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y' >=; oeny

&`nhoc# dk# ca# baıv# go&# ŗY y':1' oehngenk nenk ènkenk# |abenp ènkenk Fk|' oehnk &|abenp zn enŔakkap eagayıga kncóv&#

Af~Ŕ' y'8:; oehnk & paiaf# io`` ó inb`# vngi# havnp# kûŔoŔ;

èdi~kcav nc ocn óvoenhog&# ŗY y':1' ogah ydbfnp avkaàŔı ogah# ogak &fo%pnknccój dcag e~yabofn òvcnv; gaof zn

e~kavvof `nenkòv& Af~Ŕ' y'2=%21; ogak &vnjok# gnòe#

eóyabof# eó(pneog# eóypnŔav# eóŔazov# e~kavvof# }aòŔab;Póvkoypag(à fóók fov vópfn oyeoòv# boòz&# ŗY y':6; ıgak

&ıgak# eaonppnko ng ogagıcıv zn hózngocov koeyn# fyov eaonp

~gzagı& @@K og`nky 1:6' ogo kóèók nvknk kav`nŔ# ogo &kóèók kav ıgàŔa òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ' y'82; ogo &fova`nv%

o k~ènk&# Yngh' 112v' 1 6; ogo & kóèók kagàŔ# fova`nv%o b~v`&#

ŗY y':0; ogo &jvnvn ia`np&# @PD y' 106; av ıia ogo oèog fk|' N@

y' 18=; PENG OO y%:80; Kúkpóvk# ^h~v# Bakagon# Bavn|e#

Kı}èak zn Nyko Póvkon Póvkènyo enpogcnvog`n hnèng ogo

kncoenyo# èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n `n aŔaeakpa`ıv< ^h'

aĔı|cav ıgà# ogo &eca`Ŕo fvap&# PNGĽŗNZ 1??=; y'81; Y^h'

ngo &eca`Ŕo fvap&# EACDZ y'6:; Pvke' ogo &1' ú|óg`ng aŔı koèo fdcag yóp`nŔ nvknk `dhag zn `dhag dhcag# 6'

ú|óg`ngaŔı koèo aàea

ó| p~p~cı} a`ıcag yú|&# Pvke@Y' y'99?; Kıvh' ogo &kóèók

nvknk kav`nŔ&# _^@ABĽG y'9:?; K|k' ogo &agı aggn zn

fafaàg dcag kav`nŔ&# K|kPY' y'96:; Pap' ogo &koèo ov p~hag&;

ogoknŔ &ogo# ogoe&# PPAY' Occ y'>8>; Acp' oogo &ynypva&# HvAcp_a'

12:?# y'1:6; Yaba ogo# ogoo &d e~lèogn eca`Ŕo&# ]NKAVYKĽ_ O

y'?0=' ogò Ŕ ka}kaiak' Fk|' oò Ŕ &ka`nb# paŔ# favàk# oèko& KF Ľg`nky y'

122 ovng nvng' ovng# ovhng &ovoŔng `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'>1 ovk pakap# hóè; obpoav' ovk &obpoav eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'02# ozà ġ ı ka`ıg# bagıe' Póvkèngog `nĔoŔok pāvob ī `úgne zn cnbèncnvog`n# nz

kncoenyog`ng póvnpoceoŔ ka` ıg# bagıe agcaeıgà kncoencnv

f~c~geakpa`ıv' GC(`n nv acag ozàhı f~g~g òkkap ènkoio fov

úvgnĔoòv' Av ıia# KF(pn hnèng nzèo zn nzcok kncoencnvo `n

ka` ıg agcaeıga hncenkpnòv' Fk|' KF Ľg`nky y' 1:0; Papav

Póvkèn%yog`nko nŔ# avkaàŔ agcaeıgàko o}pnŔ ocn# Bakay

Póvkènyog`nko o}èo kncoencnvo `n ogn nz yú|ógn +paŔ+pnŔ zn

+èı+èo nkcnvogog hnpovocenyocn pnŔkoc nòceoŔpov< Pap' o}pnŔ

&1'oŔpn# p~veıŔpa# `ógaha kavaŔpa b' f' Ŕ' ~vpak yıjap f~c~àg

akıgahag# `~y%caŔkag koŔo# 6' vnzdc~pyodg }avpoa# oŔèocnv

kdccnkpo%zı ècngı# 9'Ydznp inehınpo ècngı# hvalàgı''₣'' yne%

aà ov ako bapıg&# PPAY O y'0=0' ozvocenk `dcaŔeak# `úgenk Ľ |o Pagg 3oò; fk|' N@ y'01 kac}ak `nvo pakn# faŔcık# kac}ak kac}ah &Papavcav~ñ koèn`ng paknyogn òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ'

y'910; kacfah &kac}ak# kócæb# fúvk# knc%cn%}~Ŕ# pocjnk&# ŗY'

y'661; kac}ak &idojp~vn `n jn~p%vn# idojp~vn `n jdven pvo

agh~caovn# fd~`n `n ibn%zn~r# @PD y'0=2;èaĔàŔ Póvk

cnbèncnvog`n< Ú|f' qac}ak &1' ~}ka gaeapàg faŔ kooeo&#

ÚPĽC OO y'>0>; Y^h' kaceak &edrgapaa "Ŕa}ka/&# EACDZ

1?>8 y'>1; Kıvh' kac}ak &1' yozvo pn}nco knèn kac}ak# kócæb&#

_^@ABĽG y'9?1; Pap' kac}ak &~ècaı} kopkng# póhnvnk b'f'Ŕ'

jdveacı eapnvoa ako ~g faŔ; kooeo# 6' póvco jdveaàhı

ka}kaè# a}kıè&# PPAY' oc y'96; Kava# kac}ak &Ŕa}ka# pnvo

kac}ak&# KavaV]Y' y'9:=; Yaba' rac}ak# rac}ar &kócæb#

fdggnp(n fng|nng fov ka`ıg faŔcıĔı&# ]NKAVYKĽ_ y'91?;

fk|' qac}aq PENG y' 1>=:' ĸ avè ıha `dĔag' ĸ avè ı ġ a &fā|# `dġag# kavpac# kıvhı# èa}ok#



61:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ŕnbfā|&# ŗY y'618' ĸ avp aŔcı; nyko' ĸavp &ĸdiaeıŔ# } ī v zn oĨpoāv dcag; voŔpn Ĩaypncoho#

|oŔp# èovkog# k~g# āfoy# Ĩ~Ŕk# ĸaĸ%ı ĸa`ç`&# ŗY y'618; kavp &1'

~|ak aŔnhng# ~c~ aŔpnho 6' Fok kó}pnggng óyo} ~pıva p~vhag'

9' Kó}go koèovhng; ~|ak oŔcnhng; pnivofnco' 0' ^cı aŔpnho ov koŔo'

>' ~cı aŔpnho bapıggavgıñ ó| ovcnvogn og`nŔó bne acaeı apaz

yó|o' PPAY' y' :6%:9' ĸaŔ úg# kav Ŕı' kaŔıà &agıgà `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'916; ĸaŔ

&gn|`# ĸav Ŕ~# úñ# b~|~v# fnv āfnv# ĩāiof# e~ĸāfoc# vûfnvû&# ŗY

y'66= ĸ a gn# bagho# ĸ a &ĩ~vój%ı oypojbāe# kayı# bagho# ĸagġı# ĸaàko#

gnvn`nko&# ŗY y'66>;Pap' ka & 1' kayı# 6' kafçv&'PPAY' y'

66' ĸ a~ gn# bagho ĸ a~ &kaghıyı `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'91:; ĸa~ &ĸagġı#

baghoyo# ĸayı&# ŗY y'66: ĸ apeaĸ `úgenk# hnvo hncenk' ĸ ap ıf &`úgóf `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'912; ĸapeaĸ

&vóiói zn iaz`np npenk# paĩazzóc# `úgenk# yú|óg`ng vóiói

ncnenk# ogkāv dceak# hovó hopenk&# ŗY y'66>; èaĔàŔ Póvk

cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' kap~ &1' èıhı} kopkng# faŔcaghag ~ggha

kovn kocó' 6' fochoco fov ~ggha p~zav# nfovcnv b' f' gnvyncnv kocó'

9' P~kpacı} p~vhag gnvynhn zagaàg p~pıg~# kafap faŔcaz'0'

Ncnkpn f~chag bnchn# p~gŔka kocó' >' Koeó'PPAY' OO y' 68' ĸ a|hageaĸ ka|ageak ĸ a|hageaĸ &knyf zn pabyoc knv`ng&# Yngh' 689v' 9;

ĸ a| ġ ageaĸ & ĸa|ageaĸ# okpoyāf npenk# ogpojai# kāv# yû` ~

engjaiap# pnenpp~i &# ŗY y'661?; ĸ a| ġ ageaĸ &aiq~nvov#

hahgnv&# @PD y'0=>; kv Ŕ' ka|hag% &1' "Kde' Ka|' ÈaĔ' Npó'/

nvxnvfng# 6' "kóa|'/ yoib afeóbng; ydvhng&# VYO' OO y'920;

Dye'# Kve'# A|Pó' ka|ag% &ka|ageak&# ZNXP y'609; Pvke'

ha|ag% &1' hov`nio aceak# ha|agè npenk# 6' fncco fov `nvnin

npenk# nn fdceak&# Pvke@Y' y'19=; Yaba' rayag%

&gakd}oap "ydfovap(/ `ca ynfa# |a}ayap('''& ]NKAVYKĽ_ OOO

y'992>; av ıia fk|' ka| Ĕ ag% N@ :29 kngo| eac' kngo|nk &iavon; kıvk baiov pıcca fnvo} agıga bne óè

ó| acpıeıŔ kngo|nk hdŔ~} ~hvap`ıcav& F@' y 1:8' kng avp# avka' kng &av` `nenkòv }ny eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y' 900;

ĸ ıc ı ġ b~# eo|āè# kavakpnv' ĸ ıc ı ġ &kıājnp# poeŔāc# šav|# vnye# ŕóvnp# Ĩû# nšzāv#

Ŕóvnp& ŗY y'602 ĸ ıeı| ap yópóg`ng a}ıcag fov ènŔop oèko# kıeı|' ĸ ıeı| &ap zn `nzn yóò&# ŗY y'60?; ĸıeı| &Ŕ çv%o

eā`nāg nyp ko ag%v ā p~v~Ŕ knv`n fn iazų%ı enykıpāp gûŔng`

zn agv ā fn%iavafç cnfngóc%vnenkn Ĩzāgng`&# Yngh' 6?2z' 6:;

ĸ ıeı| &caop `n l~engp aohvo ap jnvengpn&# @PD y'0>6; èaĔàŔ

Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Kıvh# púú kıeı| & `nzn yópóg`ng kıeı|&# ~

kıeı| &ognk yópóg`ng a}ıcag kıeı|# knjov&# KvhY%_^%@ABĽG

y'0>0; K|k' qıeı| &Kıeı|' Kıyvak yópóg`ng a}ıcag eoccç oèko&#

KPY y'12:; Pap' kıeı| &fon# `ó%n ako ako knin yópoggng

eaby~y ıy~c focng aèıpı} ayachag oèoecok "kafov axıv~cavgı#

enyncng# ó}kn axıv~xıg `nzacax óèog `n k~ccagıca/&# PPAY

y'666; Póvkon Póvkènyog`n< kıeı| &kıyvak yópógóg( eaa%

cageayıca a}ıcag# a| ackdccó# nkŔo# nyko fov Póvk oèkoyo&# PóY

y'2>1# A|@Ľc O 2>1/; Pvke' h ıeı| &fapac yó`óg`ng nòcng

èac& Pvke@Y' y'66>; Ú|f k ıeı| &ap yópo`ng paavcagaòhng

nghoc kaj znvózèo oèoecok& ÚPĽC OO y' >8?' ĸ ıg oŔkngin# a|a} k ıg &inv ī en zn oŔkngin eagayıga`ıv zn |abenp ó

enŔakkap eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'960; k ıg &ųavj# ġıcæj; Ŕokngin#ia|āf# enŔakkap# ĸıyāy# `óŔ%zāvcıĸ# |aĩenp znvenk&# ŗY

y'60?' ĸ ıgh ıv nĔvo' ĸ ıg ġ ıv &e~iaggo`# inyûv# Ŕniç i# |~ie# `óvóyp&# ŗY' y'

6>=; èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' k ıñh ıv &gogò `n f~cya

ayyıcıkka kavapa }~èeak aya}# fovka`nv kıggapı}&# PPAY OO

y'60:; Ú|f' ĸ ogh ıv &pdhv ı èo|oĸ fdcaf dgaceahag; nhvo#

ĸoŔoĸ'& ÚPĽC# >2=; K|k' k ıñıva% &fov pavaj ıga `dĔv~ nĔocenk#

~e~kcaŔeak; 6' Kngò `nòĔog`ng faŔkayıgı kaf~c npen`ng

akyocok húypnvenk& K|kPy' y' 12:; Kıvh' kıgġıva% &fov aga

oĔvocok & _^@ABĽG y' 0>:; Ka%vaP' k ıgh ıva%# k ıñgıva%#

k ıgbıva% &oykvozcap(ya; fıp( yhdvfcnggıe# y~p~cıe& KavaV]Y

y' 92=; Pvke' h ıñvac% &1' a|e ~veak# à|av ıceak# bnvvncenk;

6' Hı%ñıv fdceak# bıvyı|cageak PVke @Y' 66:' ĸ ıv ġ ~ apeaia ĸ ıv ġ ~ &apeaia ĸ~Ŕ~# fā|# ĸaviıġa# Ŕabfā|# èa}ok#

ĸıv ġı&# ŗY y'60>' ĸ ıvakè ı bav āe ī # Ĩıvyı|# ba`~p# dc knyng ĸ ıvaĸ è ı &ĸıšæió(c%šav īĸ# ĩıvyı|# ĩa`ū`# dġv ı# v āb%|ng&#

ŗY y'668 koen hneo' koen &kneo `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'9>=; koen



618

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

&hneo# ynjogn# jóck# |nzvak&# ŗY y'6:2' koo| knèn'ko| &knèn `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'902; koo| &koho|# knèn#

è~c&# ŗY y'6:>; ĸ ı ġ ı|# koo| &gnen`# knèn# è~c# óñ`ng

eaieóc ĸacıg javaŔ# koño|&# ŗY y'602# ĸ dgak kdg~k# eoyajov' kdgah &kdgak# ago eng|oc eagayıga`ıv zn

eobeāg eagayıga àbo kncóv ko kdg~k `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ#

y'998; ĸ dga ġ &nz# Ĩagn# e~zaĸĸapng eobeāg# enyājn#

eng|oc# env ĩacn# ĸdgaiaĸ nv# fçv gnzi ~jaĸ àg# fov gnzi

nv|ng&# ŗY y'60= ĸ dŔ èojp' GC(`n &`dc~ &kav ŔıcıĔı znvocng kncoengog ayıc agcaeı

èojp dceacı`ıv' Fk|' k~Ŕ# kdŔ &}nvzagnn òvcnv zn fov àbo

enicoy`n oko pdc~ ka`nbn òvcnv èojp eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y'991' ĸ d kd~g' kd &kd~ga òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ' y'99?; ĸ d &ĸd~g#

ġagne# ĩaenc; nev fıvaĸıg zn eāg`ng; }nyp ī # | ī v# paĩp&# ŗY

y'606 kd ı aŔaĔı# acèak' kd ı &aŔaĔa eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'992' kd|haceak e~|pavo} dceak; èdĔaceak# kafaveak;

kdzacaeak# bavnknp npenk# aakcageak' ĸ d| ġ ac` ı &fov ineaiap fov nv`n dp~v~vkng kackı}

paĔıcyacav# dc kaze kd|hac`ı# òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ' y'991; kd|haceak

&bavnknpn hncenk# iógfóŔcngenk# kıeıcàgeak# pnenzzói

zn b~vûŔ&# ŗY y'69:; ĸ d| ġ aceak &fnvbnebûv`ng zn

fnvbne|n`n Ŕ~`ng&# Yngh' 628v 16; kd|haceak &npvn

encaghn# eìcn# pvd~fcn# yd~cnzn&# @PD y'09=; èaĔàŔ Póvk

cnbèncnvog`n< Kıvh' kd|hdc% &1' bavnknp npenk# kıeıcàeak&#

_^@ABĽG y'0?>; K|k' qd|hac% &bavnknp npenk# kı}ıvàeak#

6' baòyngog pn`koko# enyncngog ncn acıgeayı&# K|kPY' y' 1:?;

Kava# kd|hac% &1' fıp(}vozn%`nggıe z `zolngon; `zohap(ya#

kaèap(ya# Ŕapap(ya# kdcnfap(ya&# KavaV]Y' y'962; Pap'

k~|hac~ &1' pok p~v~ bacnpoggng èıh~# yockogó# bnvnknp opn

faŔcax; kı%eocàx# 6' ~pıvhag ako apkag ~gggag p~v~ ako p~%

v ı} kopó' 9' kóvnŔkn kópnvocó# ovok àxca} kóvnŔkn èıh~; faŔ

kópnvó'''&# PPAY' OO y'121; fk|' FaŔkPB' O y':?=; Ú|f' kd|ha%

&1' aga qapa ó| fnveaq# yaòp fdceaq''# 6' ó|aha

kncpoveaq''; bavakapha# idŔha kncpoveaq# 9' aghocaeaq#

pokcaeaq# nyha yac%eaq''&# ÚPĽC OO y':9=; ^h' kd|hac% &1'

}nvn`fo%hap(ya# y`zohap(ya y enypa# yenŔèap(ya# (pvd%

hap(ya; 6' zdcgdzap(ya# }vordòp( z zd|f~l`nggdn ydypdagon;

zd|e~Ŕèap(ya&# ^hVC y':=9; Pvke' hd|hac % &1' nc `nhvoco}

nvog`ng óphnòcenk# nvog%

`ng hıeıcàpeak# nccnenk# Pvke@Y' y'18: kúevnĹ 'fúĔóv' kúevnk &fúhóv `nenkòv# pnbo%hæb eagayıga&#

Af~Ŕ' y'9:># ĸ ~gag 3Ed' óè aŔıgàko ap ĸ~gag & Ŕafo nyf yn yacn &# Yngh' 6?1 v 61; ġ~gag &

ibnzac `n pvdoy agy&# @PD y' 928; fk|' VYO' OO y' 1>06; ĸ~gag

# ġ~gag & oko óè aŔav ap# pa# papı# `~gag àĨo `nvcnv# nhnv

ĸd~} vókûf npenhn Ŕānypn dcag ĩazag&# ŗY y'60= ÈaĔàŔ

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ÚPĽC y'::8; ^h' h~gag &pvnrhd`dzacı "df dzpyn# lnvnfngdk#

fıèkn/&# ^hVC y'>:: ; K|k' q~ %g g & oko aŔıgı fopovng pa&#

K|kPY' y'121; Kıvh' k~gag &óèógió aŔıga fayeıŔ pa&#

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av}a zn f~hà# fakca# eıyıv&# ŗY y'660' k~ag 'pazŔag' k~ag# kdag &}nbc~ paeavcav ıga òvcnv zn pazŔaga

òvcnv zn kayıvhı(a òvcnv'& Af~Ŕ' y'998' k~aŔ hógnŔ' kdaŔ &enŔb~v`~v ko hógnŔn òvcnv'&# Af~Ŕ' y'998# kóèneèo |æcoe' kóèneèç |acoe' KF 21:; KF Ľg`nky y'6?8; av ıia

kóèneio# |acoe agcaeıgà _ÓIN%EN(`n & |~ c~e k ıc` ı |acoe #

kóinecnò kóineio & Ŕnkcog`n hnèenkpnòv' y'81 ca za# }oŔeagcık zn pnnyyój oja`nyog`n k~ccagıcag

ógcne' caa & baj `nenkpov&# Af~Ŕ' y'9:; … ca &æ`æp`ıv# ab#

nzæb# njyûy# pabayyóv eakæeıgà eóypaienc`óv&# ŗY

y'689' caè ıg Ŕabog caè ıg &fnæ|c~ Ŕæbog# ka ī e fov Póvk iaŔovnpoòv&#

ŗY' y'689' eaĸ paeaĸ úzenk# enpbnpenk' eaĸ paeaĸ &eaĨpaeaĸ# en`ĩ# yngā openk# paivoj#

pazy ī j npenk# |okv%o ine ī c# yopāoŔ npenk# úh%enk&# ŗY y'68>' eaŔaf fov iogy kacıg k~eaŔ' eaŔaf &afa eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ 'y' 981; eæŔæf

&fov gnzio kafa zn kacıg Ŕac`ıv&# ŗY' y'68> ea aĔ' gn ġ ~ gn`ng3gn+h~



612

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Fk|' &goèóg `nenkpnòv& Af~Ŕ' y'921; gaġ~# gnġ~

&goèóg# gn b ī c# gn hūgn# gn aĹcıh# èn šav īĸ# ĩavj%o yūāc`óv#

ènv ā&# ŗY y'626'

goèók gayıc# goin 3 gn+èn+dk

Fk|' &goin zn goèóg `nenkpov& Af~Ŕ' 920

dĨ Ŕaeak fng|nenk' Fk|' &dbŔav< Fng|nv& Af~Ŕ'y' ?0'

dĸ zakop; k~zznpcngòven nàpı

Fk|' &gakop eagayıga`ıv zn gneag eagayıga`ıv&

Af~Ŕ'y'1=0'

dk~eak dk~eak'

Fk|' &dk~}< Dk~~} `nenkòv# kıvaap eagayıga&

Af~y' y' 1=0'

dchaŔ v~|hāv ıg úgóg`n ~zavcagag kdha|4

dv~g nv# eakae

&dv~g# ~v~g < F~ oko cûhap eakae zn iahab

eagayıga`ıv' Af~Ŕ' y'?>

d~k ~agık

GY(g`n kncoen# yny ú|nccokcnvo fakıeıgàg àba

nyko envbacnyo d~k Ŕnkcog`n hnèenkpnòv' F~ fakıeàg

Af~Ŕka hofo ÈaĔapa Póvkènyo yú|cókcnvog`n kncoen# a ık

Ŕnkcog`nòv< &aık< B~Ŕav eagayıga`ıv& Af~Ŕ' y'9:'

Úkpn ha|a}

Kv Ŕ' &Póg` dc~} ha|a} npenhn òvcnv zn kúghóc

}nvoŔag o`nink yú|n òvcnv& Af~Ŕ' y' 1=:'

úcóh úcó

&úcók < eóv`n eagayıga`ıv Af~Ŕ' y'11=

úvhngenk úĔvngenk

&úvhngò< úĔvngò& Af~Ŕ' y'?8'

úvpnenk ageak# akeak'

úvpngóv & agav òenkòv; Ŕúcn ko fov gnygn paeae

ag~} nynvo kaceaeaha òvcnv& Af~Ŕ' y'?: Af~Ŕka(à av ıia

kncoengog# úvpnghóèo agıiı; úvpnkng akag; úvpnvhn akeak

oèog; úvpnhnco akacı# akeak oèog; úvpók ageıŔ' y'?8 hofo

póvnzcnvo hnèenkpnòv# úvpnenk &akeak# obvak openk; ka%

z~veak&# ŗY y'6?; úvpngenk & }vng`vn jn~; y(ngj%caeenv; ìpvn

ngponvnengp idgy~en&# @PD y'>0'

Ú|f' úvpaeaq &c'b~`ò kóòvaaphag`nk

aèoŔpoveaq# k~òveaq "aèèoq# Ŕdv ako Ŕovaco paae baqoà/# 6'

acae# o|povaf focag qogaeaq# k~òveaq&# ÚPĽC OO y'>1>; ^h'

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y'?>; K|k' úvpng% & &ageak# aghıga p~p~Ŕeak&# K|kPY'

Y'66=; Pap' óvpnx & 1' óvo avyıpı}# fovnvyog`n aè~ p~`ıv~; kócó#

eıykıc opó; k~pıvp~# 6' òac' ~p bókoeogn pa}Ŕıv ı}# agavha#

kóvnvhn enif~v opó&# PPAY' Occ y'899; Yof' Pap' óvpncó &aèıg~&#

PÊAŗĽZA 1?:1 y'61>; FaŔk' óvpngó &kóñochn axıv f~khag

fnva gn%

enhn nyogox; ~vpncox# kúúgúx# FaŔkPB' OO y'0??'

úyvók enyp# yavbdŔ'

nyvók< yavbdŔèa `nenkòv Af~Ŕ' y' 1>

úpenk hopenk# hnèenk

úp &knè `nenkòv' Aeea Gnzaı ba|vnpcnvo dp

cûhapogo E~baknenpó(c%c~hapng(`n Ŕúcn paybob npeoŔcnv ko< Dp

ko Ŕn%o eabv~k`~v zn úp eóv~v eagayı focn`óv zn ~

e~kaeenvhn fnv` iobnpo nev`óv zn óp knccngo dpha p~p~} pókog

nvopóv eagayıga`ıv zn dp ko favo`ıg ıvak bavnknp`óv& # Af~Ŕ'

y'29

úpvó 'úpóvó# `dcaı'

úpvó kav Ŕ~ `nenkòv' Af~Ŕ' y'28'

d nz

ú & nz `nenkòv# bagn eagayıga4# Af~Ŕ' y'118'

ú|hn faŔka'

kng`ón `nenkòv zn havo eagayıga àbo kncóv zn

en`b ~ |nee eagayıga àbo kncóv ko fov koŔogog bakkıgà

ú|hnòv òvcnv' Af~Ŕ'y'1=='

}~yka kahı# kn`nv# yıkıgpı'

F~ kncoengog# agcae fng|nvcoĔo `n òkkapn acıgıvya#

E~baknenpó(c%c~hapng(`n `n hnèng }~byaeak joocogog

húèóŔenn ~ĔvaeıŔ Ŕnkco dcafocninĔogo `óŔógenk

eóekóg`óv' Fk|' }~bya` ı AŔıkıg boiv zn jovkap`n ahca`ıhıga

`nvcnv; aeea yaov ahcaeak eabaccog`n oypoeac dcea|#

eóinvvn` aŔık ahca`ıhıga `nvcnv' E~baknenpó(c%c~hapng(`n

Gnzaı Ba|vnpcnvo f~ cûhapo Ŕúcn paybob o`ó} f~ fnpo

a|eıŔcav`ıv< &Boiv ng`~bo à }~bya} eog focn aceag gopn

En ocaiıe%`~v kd}~} `nv%o jngaha a|e opn'& Af~Ŕ' y' 109'

yah ıgeak yageak# `óŔógenk# ú|cnenk'

yah ıgeak & E~baknenpó(c%c~hapng(`n Gnzao

Ba|vnpcnvo f~ cûhapo óè eagaa paybob npeoŔcnv# fovo ageak

eagayıga zn fovo yóò yahıc~v kd~g eagayıga zn fov àbo aŔk

enypo zn foeag bacnpog`n oypoekac dc~g`~hı eagaa ko pnvkof

f~`~v; Yahıg caj|ı òk ko fov eagayı a` kıceaha neov`óv zn

fovo yópcók kd apı`~v zn aŔk enypo zn enig~gı zn foeag

e~kafncnyog`n yahıg òyn bnv fovohn opcak kıcya fdc~v'& Af~Ŕ'

y'6:2; ya ġ ıgeaĸ &yaaeaĸ# úcó zn enopog jn|āocogo ya~}

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npenk&# ŗY y'12=; yaĔ ıg` ı &æ` opò# av|û zn ĨzāboŔ ncnò#

húvenĔo e~v ā` npò&# ŗY y'12=

yaceak yaceak

yaceak àceak `nenkòv zn óvnk dgaeayıga

àbo `nvcnv zn bavnknp zn ı|pıvaf eagayıga àbo kncóv'

Af~Ŕ'y'6:2

yaca èojpcok

yag yaı'



61?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

yag &bnyaf zn yahıŔ eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ'y'686;

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ŗY y'126 yagaeak yaeak yaga} obpova| o`ó} zn pnàvok o`ó}`nenkòv

Af~Ŕ'y'686; agia fk|'# yagahagcav bnyaf o`ó} yaagcav

`nenkòv Af~Ŕ'y'689' yag pavaj yav ı pavaj eagayıga`ıv Af~Ŕ'y'6:>; yav ı &pazāoj%o

npv āk`ng fov ĸaf ī cn oyeoòv; }dyp~g# kóvk; iobnp# ag# šavaj#

ynep&# ŗY y' 18?' yagv y~~g èaĔcaeayı yavk ıp ~`~e# oèoe yavk~` eóinvvn` Ŕavaf knjonpogn `nvcnv Af~y'

y'6:: yaz~k ka} kaèak# èagak' ÈaĔapa cóhapcnvog`n vaypcaaea`ıĔıeı| f~ kncoen#

yaz~p foèoeog`n èaĔàŔ cnbèncnv`n f~c~geakpa`ıv Pap' yazıp

&póhocn%ènèocn p~vhag b'f'Ŕ' gnvyncneo yacı} yakcazz%óvpó

nfovo&# PPAY OO y':16 yazha aveaĔag' Kncoen# Af~y'(à ydzhap zn ydhap Ŕnkcog`n oko av ı

nv`n hnènv# &}oŔknŔ zn aveaĔag zn ogaea `nvcnv; Af~y' y'

689 bociap zn }oŔknŔ zn obyag openĔn òvcnv Af~y' y'6?=;

yazġap &bnòn# } ī ŔknŔ# p~ĩjn# oĩyag# aveaġag&# ŗY y'129;

Ydzhap &iapın# obyag# p~bjn# aveaĔag# }nŔknŔ# āòhāv#

fnvhó|āv# fnvk%o ynf|# pagyûĨ# pavp~k&# ŗY y'1?= yakaceak a|aceak' yahac~v yaıc~v bavicag~v# `nenkòv Af~Ŕ'y'68>' yak ıg`~veak pngfob npenk# oka| npenk yncok gæ|ok# hó|nc 3 yocoh fk|' N@ y'26:%268; Npó'(`n &pneo|# yaj# `ó|;

ojjnpco# gae~yc~& agcaecav ıga hncng kncoen# Dpó'(`n zn èaĔàŔ

Póvk cnbèncnvog`n# &hó|nc# oo# pneo|& kav ŔıcıĔıca oŔcnk Ŕnkoc`n

k~ccagıceakpa`ıv# yıcıġ &yocok# eaĩz# `ó|cngeoŔ# eneyūb#

Ŕnjj āj# nk%vngh' e~yajj ā&# ŗY y' 1??; Pap' yıc~ &èofnv# eappıv&#

PPAY y'8==; K|k' y~c~z &hó|nc# akıŔıkcı&# kay y~c~z &bakoko

hó|nc&# K|kPY y'608; Ú|f' y~c~z &hú|nc# èıvacı# kúvkne kı|&#

DPĽC# y' 20; ^h' yocoĔ &}óvó|yó|; kahag `ó|cók; ga|ok;

fov Ŕno azaŔ zn kofavia húpóvenk& ^hPĽC; Bak' yocoĔ fk|'

BakVY y' 122; agia fk|' Japea Ú|kag &Yncing A`ı

Bakkıgà& Póvk @oco yaı >60# y' ?=8%?1>' yı }ĸ aveak oèenk# fov òkoŔpn oèenk yı }hav` ı &yóeóv`ó# oèò `nenkòv&# Af~y' y'688;

yıfĸ aveaĸ &|avj%ı āf zn Ŕav āf%v ā fnv%ynv knŔo`ng paeāe

g~Ŕo`ng&# Yngh' 6>=v 6; yı }kaveak

&yó|nvnk oèenk# ydveak# aca~} aceak# yúeóvnvnk oèenk#

fov`ng fovn bdvp ènkenk&# ŗY y'1?>; fk|' yı }kaveak# @PD

y'9:0; èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Ú|f yo}qov% & fov pavpoŔà

oèeaq# paho%póhohaèa yo%eoveaq&# ÚPĽC OO# y'>0' yıàe pneo| ó|có

yaàe &ag# pneo|# yāj# }āko|n# hú| šaŔı# Ŕnjj āj#iocācı# }avcaĸ# e~yaĸac&# ŗY y' 120; yıàe &e~yaĸac#

eóinccā# Ŕnj āj# e~yajja# fnvv āk&# ŗY y'1?: ydĸ ıv kúv ydĸ ~v &bav ī y eagayıga`ıv# aè kú|có `nenkòv ko

ydk~v kú|có `n~ oypoieac o`nvcnv&# Af~Ŕ'y'6?=; ydĸ~v &ĸ~v~#

y~~ ènkoceoŔ dcag nv; kúv# aiea# hú|ó }apcaeıŔ&# ŗY y'1?1;

èaĔàŔ póvk cnbèncnvog`n< pap' y~kıv &1' kóvó p~hıyıggag enb%

vóe# kóvn aceı p~vhag# 6' ncngn%povn`nho oŔcneo k~venxio#

bncgo focenxio# fok ohpofavyı|# 9'koŔo obpoav ıgà f~ceahag#

~èvakcıkka goho|cnghng# ypobonco "pafohap kóècnvo b'f'/# 0'

p~eaca}# kaàkca} k~ıchag "pnvn|n b' f' p~ggà/# Y'f~|ık#k~vpcı# póŔyo| "èokcnzok b' f' ioeoŔ p~ggà/# :' kó|yo|# zapık "ogn

b'f'Ŕ' p~ggà/&# PPAY OO y':26 ydkeak ydkak# àv dc; z~veak ydkeak# ydkeah &pahcav oèog`n Ŕdc oginiok dca

òvcnv ko ~c~ dcàg èıkav agc~v afaàgcıha kppen|&#

Af~Ŕ'y'6?=; ydkeak# ydkeah & fóók dccavà eógŔaiap dcag

pav dc; vab%ı fagk# pngh&# ŗY y'1?1; ydkeah &nbneog npvdop

q~o yn `npanbn `ny edgpahgny d~ `ny hvag`ny vd~pny np

engn àgy `ny con~r ogbafopny&# @PD y'9>8; èaĔàŔ Póvk cnb%

èncnvog`n< K|k' ydk}ak &ydkak# }apoka dc/# }apoka&# K|kPY'

y'609; Kıvh' ydkedk &}apoka# knèo dc~&# _~àbog y':>8; Pap'y~keak & koŔocnv# bazaggav ó%vó`ng pa}pacı} ayachag pav

hıga ~c&# PPAY &OO y':21' ydga nvknk úv`nk y~ga &úv`nkog nvknĔogn òvcnv ko Gnzaı Ba|vnpcnvo

f~ cóhapo E~baknenpó(B~hapng(`n Ŕúcn paybob npeoŔcnvòv ko

< Pahı Póvk úv`nkgogh ovknhog y~ga zn poŔoyog f~vèog òv zn ŗavp

e~gha bne ap kdea|`~v&# Af~Ŕ'y'6?0; ydga &~v`nk%o gnv&#

Yngh' 608z' 2; ydga &nvknk úv`nk# p~vga&# ŗY y'1?0; ydga

&iagav` eacn; dv pvaop&# @PD y'9:6; ÈaĔàŔ Póvk

cnbèncnvog`n< Ú|f' ydga &azzao ako bagako nvkak úvàk&#

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66=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

2:= yd~vhacı &eac zovenk oèog zn }oŔknŔ zovenk oèog zn aveahag

zovenk oèog zn bdŔ kúvenk oèog `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'6?>; yd~vhac

&`āoeo oĨyāg zn ogiae# faĨŔ ī Ŕ zn okv āe&# ŗY y'1?>; yd~vhac

&oĨyāg%ı `āo%eo%v ā gāeng`&# Yngh' 60?z' 6; yd~vhac &`dg# id%

`na~&# @PD y'9:9 E~baknenpó(c%c~hapng(`n `n hnèng yd~vhac

kncoenyo# yd~vhaeak joocog`ng $%c$ jooc`ng oyoe a}ea nkocn pnŔkoc

nòceoŔpov' _ogn# Gnzao(gog EC(`n |okvnppoĔo# kafac &e~bayava#

afc~ka# obapa&# kabac &afc~ka# e~bayava&# pavkac &kacafacıĔı àĔıp%

ea# dv`~g~g èú|ócenyo& kncoencnvo# f~ dcca póvnpoceoŔ òĔnv

úvgnkcnvòv' Fk|' J'Ynea Fav~pè~ Ú|úg%`nv' E~baknenpó(c%

c~hapng "P@K(gia fayıcıdv/ y'0?%>=' y~ghac baypa yúknc &b~eea# apnŔco fov baypacık& PBA@Y' y' 9:8>' Ŕ~`~vzng 3 J' Ŕa`ıvzag Ŕ~`v~g &Ŕa`ıvzag `nenkòv ko Javoyo`n Ŕnfgnen òvcnv&#

Af~Ŕ' y'6?2 'Kncoen# Fnyoe apaca(ıg aıea ba|ıvca`ıĔı Af~Ŕ'(pa

Ŕ~`v~g Ŕnkcog`n agcıŔ dk~ge~Ŕp~v' Ŕ~gĸ av `dĔag' y~ghav &y~gh~v `n`ókcnvo eóva òvcnv&# Af~Ŕ' y'6?9;

y~g ġ av &ydgĸ~v# `dġag# aĸy~gĸ~v# Ŕ~gġav# Ŕdgġ~v àĩo ògóv&# ŗY

y'1?9; Ŕ~gĸ av &Ŕ~gġav# opnchó# ĸıv ġı# caèıg&# ŗY y'6=0' pac ġ ag kazv~ce~Ŕ f~Ĕà' pac ġ ag &~eŔak# gnve# eócæoe# enzn& ŗY' 1=6' pavkapeak àĔıpeak paz Ŕapeak dv~ceak paz Ŕac~v &|nfūg dc~v zn dgc~v `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ'

y'18>; paz Ŕapeak &Ĩaypa zn eavç| zn fo%`nveāg# fç%boyy zn bavnknp#vngiûv zn gāpózāg# |aioj# knync# `nv`co&# ŗY y' 1=>'

p ıgeah~v |aıj# hóèyó|' pogeah~v &|aoj zn gapózāg dc~v `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ'

y'1?9; pıgeah~v &fo%kavavcık# paĸapyo|cok# avaeyı|&# ŗY y' 19? pohvó `nĔog # %n kaàv' pohvó &`nhog `nenkòv# hanp eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y' 12:;

pohvó &kaàv# nco# pa# ~è# gobanp&' ŗY y'19>' pok hofo# fnvæfnv pnk &fn`nc zn hofo eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'1:>; pok zn

òk &aàp%ı Ŕnfobòv# hofo# eoyc# eagngò avae# ka(oe# envj~i

|ov# pabp# po|%paf( ŗY y' 190'

pocfn iaŔık# èıchıg# `nco' pocfn &`ncó `nenkòv& Af~Ŕ' y'1?=;pocfn &`nco# òzagn#

enig~g# f~àca# eni|~f# Ŕ~vo`n# Ŕn%à&# ŗY y'19:; fk|' Yngh 6==a

<69' poĹ `ngk' n Ŕop pogh &fnvafnv eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y' 1?6; poĹ &`ngk# nŔ#

fnv ā fnv# èojp# eóyāz ī # nkyāg# e~zā|ngn# envpnfn# v ū fnv ū# èdva&'

ŗY y' 192' pdĸ paeaĸ `~veak' pdĸ pa` ı &oypobk āe fdc`ı# yākog dc`ı zn dp~v~Ŕ`ı

`nenkòv'& Af~Ŕ' y' 61=; pdĨpa`ı &oypobkæe zn fnvkavav ncnóf

`nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y' 1?8; pdĸ paeak &pdĨpaeaĸ# yaĸcaeaĸ#

fnkcnpenk# aca ĸdeak& ŗY' y' 166; pdĩ paeaĸ &`~v~} ògcngenk#

}āo`āv dcea# āv āe# yafv# paĸavvóv npòvenk# dc~gàg aca ĸdeaĸ#

bazagı `~v`~veaĸ&# ŗY y'110; p~Ĩ pdeaĸ ÚPĽC OO y'6>:' š dca `dc~' š dca &pdc~ `nenkòv# }óv eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y'61 6; š dca &

šdc~# zājov# enŔbūg# enf|ūc#( enecū# }óv# foyāv&# ŗY y'160; pdca

&egdha# egdinypzd& ^hVC# y'961' pdyp~ ġ ag ka`nb pdyp~ ġ ag &k āyn# k ū|n# `nypn# ı fgĸ%ı en# aaġ# èagaĸ#

yāġāv# ĸa`nĩ# iæe&# ŗY y'11?' p~pa Ŕ dcà Ŕ # n Ŕ' p~pa Ŕ &e~kafoc zn e~ppayıc eagayıga&# Af~Ŕ' y' 1?8;

p~paŔ &}nznypn# envfûp# zæfnypn# fov `ó|o# fopoŔok&# ŗY y'119'

Húvóc`óĔó ó|nvn# p~paŔ kncoenyo# ÈaĔapa yú|cókcnvog`n fovfovogn

}avacnc agcae paŔıeakca fnvafnv# GC(`n# nŔ# dcà Ŕ Ŕnkcog`n# javkcı

kav Ŕıcık znvoceoŔpov' Agiak èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n kncoengog

f~vaàko agcaeıga ak ıg kav Ŕıcıkcav znvocòĔogo yúcnnfocovo|'Fk|'

Pap# p~pa Ŕ &konxhn èık%eahag iopkng k ı|&# PPAY' Occ y'188' pón `nzn' pozn &`nzn `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'1?0; pozn &ibaena~&

@PD# y' 68=pozn &òzn# Ŕópóv# nfnc# iaenc# pón& ŗY' y' 19?; pnza

&znvfc~`& @PY' y'>>8' ~èvaeak ~Ĕvaeak# vaypcaeak# kav ŔıcaŔeak# f~c~Ŕeak' ~èva` ı &kúvógò zn f~c~Ŕ`ı zn bdŔ kncęo `nenkòv&#

Af~Ŕ' y'?=; ~èva% &yn vngidgpvnv# yn }vnyngpnv a ca z~n&# @PD# y'02;

èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' ~èvax &c'favhagà# kaa à f~cya

bnvnknp opkng`n# koehn ako gnvynhn kav Ŕı f~c~# p~%v ı kocó# 6' gogò

`n f~cya bnchn `~èav f~c~# gnvyn `n f~cya koèovó# 9'paf ıc~# f~c~#0'

~k~# pok Ŕovogó# kó%|npó zak ıpıgà b'f' }vdpynyycavà kóvogó# pafıc~#

ko%co} èıh~&' PPAY OO y'02:'



661

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~ap aı}# ~pagè znvoio' ~ap &Ŕnve eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'11?; èaĔàŔ

Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< Pap' ~ap &1' fovnv gaèavcık# hao} oŔ

oycnxgo añcaxàg p~hag kóèco ~ña%yı|cag~# ókogó boyo# 6'fok

~ñayı|# èopog&# PPAY OO y'0?6' óènz óèó' 3óènhó óènz &óèo `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'?1 Pap óènz

&iı~ yagı' Gogoò n`n f~cya fov pókoe`n óè }voèop ako |ap

f~c~zıg focòvn' PPAY' y'81 :' _a ġ c ıĸ engòc# bazc~# aĔcık a ġ c ık &fn| }avèayı ngzāi

ı zav`ıv# engòc# `nypeāc#

ènzvn# v ū%ı eāc# ĸıcaġı&# ŗY y' 6?>; a ġ c ık & ed~ibdov#

jd~cav`; `d~r# ednccn~r; `d~in~v&# @PD y'>6?; a ġ c ık &azc~#

aĔcık&# EN y'6==; aġcık &engòc# }nŔkov& PY y'?8>; èaĔàŔ

Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< ^h' aġcoq &}capdk# yacjnpka&# ^hVC

y'88>; Póvkon Póvkènyog`n# aĔ c ık &fóók engòc# ènzvn&#

PóY y' 1>82; Pvke' āĔ c ık &kú}cngè knccn àñeak a faŔa

apeak óèog ~cagıcag `úvp f~vè eapa&# Pvke@Y y'290 acazaè }nhaefnv' daz~è &}nġaefnv# vnb%góeā# eóv Ŕo`# v ābfnv#

vnyûc# ĸıcaz~|# `ncoc# o|èo# dc focoio&# ŗY y'9=8 ag ag# pavaj; `úg "neov/' ag &pavaj eagayıga`ıv' Fov ag# fov pavaj zn fov

agha `nenkòv# bnv ag bnv pavaja `nenkòv&# Af~Ŕ' y'9?1' avc~ jakov# dky~c avc ı &}a~zvn# eoynvafcn& @PD y' >69; av %c ı &jaĸov#

yāoc# hn`ā# eoykog&# ŗY y'6?1; iavc ı &jakov# dĸy~c (iavcı fdcyag

à avcı fdc( jakov dcyag à abcakcı dc& K|kPY# y' ?0; iav` ı

&kn`n# iaveaè èav%fac~~# fa`ıg kavaea%kav Ŕıyı KvhPY'

y'1?6; avcı & aŔnz úèóg eapnvoac eóekogcokcnvo iopnvcok

f~ceahag# jnkıv&PPAY OOO y' :08' aŔ hngè; ıycak aŔ &pıjc eagayıga`ıv&# Af~Ŕ' y'928; aŔ &èdi~k#

ıycak # pa|n# pnv# kúv}n# v~pūfnpcó# gnegāk# aŔıc; nŔk# yovoŔk&#

ŗY y'6?0; èaĔàŔ Póvk cnbèncnvog`n< FaŔk' nŔ; K|k' lay;

Kvh' iaŔ; Ú|f' aŔ; Pap' nŔ; Pvke' āŔ; ^h' aŔ; fk|'

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afıŔġa < nv# nvknk# kdia' a' < 9f% 8 # 0f%: afı| < baj ı|'

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a' < 0f%> aġga% < ~zavcageak# `nfncngenk

a' ’eaĸ < 9f%9 Aġ|ıġa < aĔ|ıga'

a' < 9f%0 aĨpav% < kav ıŔpıveak# avaeak'

a' %eaĸ < 0f%1 aĸıg < ync # akıg'

a' < 0a%: aĸı|% < akıpeak'

a' %`ıgh < 9f%9 acaĨag < aĔea# èa}~c# pacag'

a' < 0f%1 acaeag < aĔea# èa}~c# pacag'

a' < 0f%1 acaŔa < ap'

a' < 0f%: aca aġa < d aga# d pavaja'

< >a%> ac% < aceak'

a' %ġag < 6f%8

a' %ġ~cıĸ`~v < 6a%: accıgà < kav Ŕıyıgà# Úgóg`n'

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e~yy~| ka`ıg; acıŔık' a' < >a%8

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a' < 6f%8 agà < d kaàv# úcn' a' < 0f%0

agıĹòk < dg~g hofo' < 1f%0

av% < dv~ceak'

a' %ġag < 0f%



666

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ava avayıgà' a' <9a%c %f%

avafa <4 faġca% < faĔcaeak' a' <>a%> f' %ġag < :a%1

avpĸag <avp' faca < azv~' a' %ĸav ı <>a%> f' < :a%1

Ayv~ <|oa`n# èdk' favaz~| < eópnzzng' a' <6a%1 f' < :f%9

ayyıġ <acpı# acp pavaj ı' favèa < fópóg# bn}# paea a' <9f%: eı# bn}yo'

ayp <acp' f' < >f%0 a' %ıà <1f%9 fav < zav'

aŔ% <hnèenk# aŔeak' f' %`~v < >f%6 a' %ı} fav ġag <0f%8 fav% < zaveak' a' %ĸaggı <>a%1 f' %`ı < >f%: a' %eaĸ <0f%8 f' ġ%ag < :a%8

āŔıāg <~za' f' %ı} okng < :f%1 a' <0f%6 faya <npnv# paeae'

aŔcı

ĸ <pnvnkn4 f' < :a%:

a' <>a%6 faŔaĸ < pnevng' apa <fafa' f' < >f%>

a' <0f%: fap fap < èaf~k èaf~k; èdk# azac <`óŔ' kap kap'

a' <>a%1 f' < >f%1 azc~ <eabaccn' faap < Pagv ı'

a# <>a%0 f' < >f%1 ap% <yúcnenk' faca% < faĔcaeak'

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aagı <kóèók kav`nŔ' foknè < ka`ıgiık' a' <0f%9 f' < :f%6

aıc <kaıŔ' fochóv% < focòvenk' a' <0f%8 f' %óv < >f%8

acag% <`dcageak# `úgenk' focohyo| < iaboc# fochoyo|# akıcyı|' a' %ı} <9a%0 < :a%0 A~ĸ <%% focoh < akıc# focho'

a' <6a%8 f' < :a%9 a| èaġà <kıya |aeagà' fov ĸagàg kógo < Ŕó}bn hógó'

<6a%: < :f%0

a v~ĸ <faŔka' fov% < znvenk' a' %ı <0a%8 f' %òk < >f%8



669

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f' %hóèo < >f%6 fovnz < fovo fovoyo'

f' < :f%6 fopnc < oko aŔıg`ako ap'

f' < :a%6 fopoh < kopa}'

f' < :f%> fon < kıyvak'

f' < :a%1 fook < fóók'

f' < >f%6 fo| < fo|#

f' %hn < >f%> fdc% < dceak'

f' %ġag < >f%9 f' %ġag èaĸ < :a%8 f' %eaġa < >f%0 f' %yae < >f%> f' %~} < >f%: f' %~} o`o < :a%8 f' %~v < >f%9

fú`ógn < fıc`ıviıg' f' < :f%6

fúhó < bakoe' f' < :a%9

fúcók < kovoŔ' f' < Ha%:

fúvn < k~vp# f' < :a%9

fúvo < k~vp' f' < :f%6

fúvk < `nvo pakn# `nvo pakkn' f' < :f%1

fd| < fn|' f' < :f%9

f~caġ < }ıgav' f' < :a%>

f~ < f~' f' %cav < :a%9 f' %ca aġa < :f%0

f~vaz < f~vh~'

f' < :f%9 f~v~g < nzznc# úgin' f' < >f%:

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660

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

èıcàe < pn|# èaf~k' èóèók < cn| ī |# cn||npco' è' < ?f%0 è' < ?a%0

èıg < yabob# `dĔv~ ' hnvènk' èóèóg < kóèók dĔcag# kóèók è% < ?a%1 nvknk èdi~Ĕ~' è' %cıġı' < ?f%0 È% < ?f%>

èıvea%

< yıèvaeak'

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< óvóenk' è' %eġaaeog < ?a%9 è'

è' %gıŔ < ?a%0 %p < 1=a%1 è' %] < ?a%9 è' %eıŔ < ?a%9 %`%

èo < a' àzĸ < āyocok# opāapyo|cok; è' < ?f%1 oyag# hógāb'

èofog < yognk' `' < 1=f%6 è' < ?a%0 ò% < `nenk# yúcnenk'

èoho o oo' `' %hnè < 1=f%6 è' < ?f%9 `' %} oeoŔ < 1=f%1 è' okog < ?f%9 òk < hofo'

èohop < fakag4 `' < 1=f%1 è' < 16f%1 ò < kıŔ' èop < `ıŔ# kngav' `' < 1=f%6

è' < ?f%8 ī zfā` < kayıvha' èopog < hnvènk'4 ènpog#

eóŔkóc# |dv'

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è' < 1=a%6 %n% èop% < npenk# npoŔenk#

~caŔeak'

nhvn%n' < fókócenk'

è' %o} oò < ?f%1 %eak < 0a%> èoo` < oĔop' nvk < ~c~#

è' ; ?a%> n' < 0a%0

èdv% < ynĔovpenk' nyng aeag < oo #bdŔ# yaĔ yācoe' È% %eaĸ ; ?a%: < >a%9 è' %~} iopo} < ?a%: nz < koŔo'

èdva <<< k~c' n' < 9f%: è' < ?f%8 ncn% < npenk# ncnenk'

èdvea < èúg`óven' n# % < 9a%: È% < ?a%6

èdĸ~vaĸ < ènŔen' %j% è' < 1=a%1 jnŔ < Ŕnecn'

èúeèn < kaŔık# kn}èn' p < 19 %1 È% < ?a%> jócag < jocag# jócag'

èú} kúvk < eaĔv~v# fóókèn' j' %cıĸ < 19a%1

È% < 1=a%6 j' e~ okog < 19a%1 èú% < yaceak'

è' %h% %enk < ?f%6 ġavagfoŔ < jnvāp' è~e% < ıkageak' ġ' < 16f%0

è' hnèoh% < nĔcngenk'

%eaĸ < 1=a%6 h' %e k < 19a%1 è~} < oo# hó|nc' hnèoz < hnèop'

è' < ?f%> h' < 10f%8



66>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

hnvnf < hneo' oc < nc' h' < 1>a%1 o' %ġoĹòg < 6f%0 h' %iı < 1>a%1 oc < oc# nc# enecnknp'

hdvhn < ka`nb' o'

h' < 1>a%1 %ohn < 9f%> h# p~va`ı < 1>a%1O ocok% < nĔocenk' ġıgĹoŔ% < akyıveak; bazcaa baz o' %òe < 9f%0

caa kaèeak "kú}nk oèog/ ocp% < ocnpenk# ~caŔpıveak'

ġ%o} < 16f%0 o' %hóèo

oeò

< 9f%0 <

Ŕoeò' %b% Ľ' < 6f%6

Ĩafnvio < }nhaefnv' oeny < `nĔoc'

Ĩ' < 1=a%0 o' < cf%6 ĩa < kafocn' oehng < nenk ènkenk'

ĩ' < 1=a%9 o' %óv < 9a%9 Ĩdv < caık' ogāh < ydbfnp avkaàŔı'

Ĩ' < 1=a%0 o' ogāk < 0f%9 <knpbóà'

%c% o' < 0f%> ıc`āg < ıc`ıveak' ogagiı < ogāe koŔo'

ı' < 9f%: o' < 0a%9 ıv ġaeaĸ < ap' ogo < kav`nŔ'

O' < 0a%1 o' < 0fy%: ıŕva} ; nyvók# enyp#yav ī g ī Ŕ < ka}kaiak'

bdŔ' o' < 0a%> c' < 0f%0 ovng < nvng'

cyıġ < oyyo' o; O' < 6a%6 %cnv < 1f%1

ı|aĸ < aak ovok < obpoav# ynèen# ı' %ı < 0a%: Ľ'< ynèocen' <

6a%6 %o% ovk < pakap# hóè'

ofnv% < húg`nvenk' o' < 0a%0 o' %eaĸ < 0f%6 oveng < `nveāg'

oènv`n < oènvkng' o' < 6a%9 o' < 9a%9 ov% < nvenk# dceak'

oènĹ < j āyık' o' %eny < 9a%9 o' < 6a%: o' %óv < 6f%># 9a%:

oèo < ka`ıg# bagıe# nin' ' ov"o/g < cnf# `~àk' o' < 0a%: o'%o < 1f%0

oèko o' < knèo' < 0a%1 oeo

o' < cn||npo' <

0f%9 oknz < okoyo' oyo < jnzpo

O' < 1f%> O' < 6a%1 c' %hj < 1f%6 ıyva < ióecn ācne# bnvkny'

ocngĸap < kdk~' o# < 9f%: o' %ı < 0a%8 oyvn < ho|co'

ocn < úg' o' < 6a%0 o' %og`n < 1f%> o' %pak < 9a%> ı' %oĹ`n < 9a%8 oypn% < oypnenk'



66:

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

o' %fng < 9a%0 ĸa < gn# bagho'

o' %hngòk < 9f%> ĸ' < 19a%9

oŔ kógo < yazaŔ hógó' ĸ' %ag < 19a%:

o' < 6f%1 ĸ' %à < 19a%6

op% < npenk# ncnenk' ĸaġ~cık < kahıcı# ngòŔnco'

o' %neog < 6f%6 ĸ' < 19a%>

o' %hnè < 9a%8 ĸavag < Ŕabfā|'

o' %o} < 6f%6 ĸ' < 19f%:

o' %oĹ < 0f%8 ĸap% < `úgenk# hnvo

< hncenk'oz < nz' ĸ' o} ovò < 19f%0

o' < 1f%1 ĸ'

ozàġı < ka`ıg# bagıe' %eaĸ < 19f%9

o' <'9f%8 ĸa~ < bagho'

ĸ% < 19a%9

ozvoc% < `dcaŔeak# `úgenk' ĸaġagè < ka|agè'

o' %o} < 6a%0 ĸ' < 19f%6

ozóv% < nzovenk# ènzovenk' knc% < hncenk'

o' %yaĹ < 6a%1 k' %ġag èaĸ < 10f%9

o| < o|# oŔavnp' k'%n p~v ġagà < 10f%9

o' < 9f%8 k' %hng`n < 10f%6

Ľ|o < Pagv ı' k' %hnyog < 10f%9

o' < cf%1 k' %hoggo < 10f%0

kngo| < eac'

< %k% k' < 10f%6

ĸac% < kaceak# avpa kny% < knyenk'

< kaceak' k' %nghng < 10a%:

ĸ %ġag < 19a%6 kn"o/g < avp# avka# ydgva'

ĸ' %eaġa < 19a%6 k'%o < 10a%H

ĸac}aĸ < `nvo pakn# `nvo pakkn' ĸıcġı < b~# eo|aè# kavakpnv'

ĸ'< 19f%6

ĸ'< 19f%0

ĸacpaĸ < knò' ĸ' %gı < 19f%0

ĸ' < 19f%> ĸıeı| < ap yópóg`ng a}ıcag

ĸa}aĸ < ‐ < fov ènŔop oèko'

ĸ < 10a%6 ĸ' < 19f%>

ĸavaĹ~ d < |ogàg' ĸıg < oŔkngin# a|a}'

ĸ' < 10a%1 ĸ' <'19f%6

ĸavèıġa < `dĔag' ĸıĹıv < nĔvo'

ĸ' < 19f%1 ĸ% < 19f%:

ĸavp < aŔcı ; nyko' ĸıv ġ~ < apeaia'

ĸ' < 19f%1 ĸ' < 19f%6

ĸaŔ < úg# kav Ŕı' ĸıvaĸèı < bavae ī # bıvyı|# ba

ĸ' < `~p# dc knyng'%ıà < 19a%> ĸ' < 19a%>

ĸapıġ < kapı# ynvp' ĸıv ĸ aaĸ < kaık'

ĸ% < 19a%9 ĸ% < 19f%8

ĸapıg < ka`ıg# bagıe' ĸıyĸav% < k ıyaceak'

ĸ' < 19f%> ĸ' %eıŔ < 19f%9

ĸaz% < kdzeak' koènk < úv`nk ydvh~i~'

ĸ# %eaĸ < 19a%0 k' < 10f%>



668

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

koknŔ < pagıŔ focoŔ' k' %o < 10f%0

< 10f%8 kúvgóhcó < `nzcnpco# e~bpnŔne' koc% < hncenk' k' < 10f%1

k' %eny < 10a%0 kúvóĹó|% < húypnvenk' k' %en < 10f%1 k' %óv < 10a%0

k'%enĹ oveoŔ < 10a%>

kú%

< ageak'

koen < hneo' k' %nveog < 10a%> k' < 1>a%6 kú|óghó < aga'

koeo < hofo' k' < 10a%9 k' < 10a%> kúĹ"ó/c < húgóc'

koŔo < koŔo' k' %óehn < 10a%: k' < 10f%: kúĹvnk < yogn # húĔóy# kac};

kopóv% < hnpovenk' zói~`~g ag pavaj ı' k' < 10a%0 k' < 10a%0

koo| < knèn' ĸ~ca}a ; kıeı| oènvkng'' k' < 10f%8 ĸ' < 19f%:

ĸdgaĸ < kdg~k' ĸ~gag < óè aŔıg`ako ap'

ĸ' < 10a%1 ĸ' < :a%6 ĸd}a < èaceak' ĸ~v ġag < boyav'

ĸ < 19f%8 ĸ' < 19a%: ĸd}~Ŕ% < ya| èaceak' ĸ~vp < k

ĸ' %eaĸ ; 19f%8 ĸ' < 10a%1 ĸdŔ < èojp "`dc~/ ĸ~v~ġ < k~v~'

ĸ' < 19f%9 ĸ' < 19a%9 ĸdŔ ĸ~caĸ < nŔnk# kapıv"èojp k~cakcı/ ĸ~p~c% < k~vp~ceak'

ĸ' < 19f%1 ĸ' < 19a%0 ĸd < kd~g' ĸ~z~p < kazv~ce~Ŕ f~Ĕ`a'

ĸ' < 19a%: ĸ' < 19f%: ĸd% < kdeak' ĸ~ag < pazŔag'

ĸ' %ġa < 19a%0 ĸ' < 19f%0 ĸdı < aŔaĔı # acèak' ĸ~aŔ < hógnŔ'

ĸ' < 19a%: ĸ' < 19a%> ĸd|ġac% < e~|pavç} dceak; èdĔac ĸ~~g < kayıvha'

eak # kafaveak; kdzaca ĸ' < 19a%: eak# bavnknp npenk kóineio < |ācoe'

ĸ' %eaĸ < 19a%0 k' < 10f%0 kúevnĹ < fúĔóv' kóè < k~zznp# hóè'

k' < 10f%6 k' < 10f%> kú} < èdk' kóè < |~cóe'

k' < 10a%9 k' < 10f%> k' < 10f%1 kóŔeov < èovkog'

kúv% < húvenk' k' < 10f%6 k' %nvokng < 10f%: kózngi < hózng# hózngè' k' %hnè < 10a%9 k' %o < 10f%0 k' %hnco < 10a%>

k' %hng dĸ < 10f%> %c% k' %ho|# k'%ynp < 1>a%6 ca < za' k' %hócókpóv < 10a%: c' < 1 >a%9 k' %hó|óv < 10a%0 caèıg < Ŕabog'

kúvk < yóy# hó|nccok' o' < 1>a%9



662

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

cdġ < acag' g' < 1:a%1 c' < 1>a%9 gnzv~ < yazaŔ# e~bavnfn'

%e% go oĹog < gon' eagàŔhnv < fng|noŔcnv' g' < 1:a%1c

e' < 1>f%1 goèók < goin# gayıc' eagıġ ; f~c~p' g' < 1>f%>

e' < 1>f%0 g' opncoĹ

< 1:a%6 eāŔāf < 4 goèóĹpóv < goin# gayıc'

e' < 19f%9 g' < 1:a%9 ea < aĔ' goòg < gn`ng'

e' < 1$f%0 g' < 1>f%> eaĸpa% < úzenk# enpbnpenk' gohāg < `nzā'

e' %e k < 1>f%0 g' < 1:a%6

eaĹa < faga' goen < gnygn# Ŕn' e' < 1>a%0 g' < 1:a%1

engoĹ < fngoe' gop % < gn npenk# gn e' < 1>f%1 ncnenk'

eog < fng' g' %nog < 1>f%> e'

< 1>f%1

g'

%o}

< 1>f%>

eov|ā < fnĔ' g' %enhn < 1:a%9 e' < 1>f1 gopkn < gnn'

eoāg < dvpa; enag#

ava#avacık'

g' < 1:a%9

e' < 1>f%6 %d% e~gèa < f~ kaàv# d < òcfnv'

e' < 1>f%0 d' < 1f%6 e~gà < f~ kaàv# f~g~g hof' dĨŔa% < fng|nenk'

e' èaĸà < 1>f%9 d' %eaĸ < 0f%> e# % dĸ < 1>f%9 dĸ < zakop; k~zznpcngòv

e~gàĸ < hofo # d kaàv' en nàpı'

e' < 1>a%0 d' < 6f%9 e~g`ıg < f~gàg' dĸ~% < dk~eak' e' < 1>a%0 d' %ha < 9a%6

e~Ĺcıġ < f~g~g hofo; kn`nvco#

yıkıgpıcı# baypa'

dcġaŔ < vó|hæv ıg úgóg`n

~zavcagag kdha|4 e' < 1>a%0 d' < 6f%0

e~Ĺc~ġ < e~bpaè' dc% < dceak' e' < 1>f%6 d' %ġa < 6f%0

e~Ĺvap% < f~gh~càeak' d' %eaeog < 6f%: e' %ı} < 1>f%6 d < d

eóknccnc < e~vayya# yóycó' d' %cav < 0a%6 e' < 1>f%6 d'

dv~g

%cav ġa < 0a%6

< nv# eakae' %g% d' < 0a%1

gāiū` < fóók ka`nb# }neāgn' d' %gıà < 6a%># 6f%8 g' < 1:a%1 =' %gıġa < 9f% 6

gn < gn' dp < d`# apnŔ' g' fdcya < 1:a%9 =' %ıà < 6f%>

gnġ~ < gn`ng d' %ı`ıg < 6f%>



66?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

d' %c~ġ < 9a%8 }avèayı'

dġag% < ~ageak' }' < :a%1

d' %eaĸ < 9f%1 }nyp < ninc Ŕav āıgı oèovenk ac dv~ < kav Ŕı' èak# aŔaĔı; bajoj ynycn

d' %`ıg < >a%8 yúcngng

d~ĸ < ~agık' ]% < :a%0

d' %cav < 0a%6 }nknv < yūvnp# ó|# ènbvn' }' < >f%9

%ú% }ov < "`ocfnv/; aŔcı' }% < >f%9

úhpn < ha|a}' }dè < èúvnk' d' %`óv < 0a%8 }' < :a%>

úc% < úcenk' }~yĸa < kahı' ú' %hngcnvog < 9a%6 }' < :a%> ú' %póvyóg < 9a%6 ú' %póvóv < 9a%1 %y%

úcóh < úcó' yaġıg% < yageak# `óŔógenk#

ú' < 9a%> ú|cnenk' ú}kn < újkn' y' %~veıg < 11a%0 ú' < 9f%9 y' %kaè < 11a%0 ú' %cnenk < >a%1 yaġıp < yocab'

ú}kn < ú}enk' y' < 11f%1 ú' < 0f%9 ŕaĸĸ~caĸ < kú}nk'

úvnĹ < pabp' Ŕ' < 16a%6 ú' < 0f%6 yaĸacèn < fıvaĸ4

úvhng% < úĔvngenk' Ŕ' < 16a%0 ú' %eak < 9f%6 yaĸıg`~v% < pngfob npenk# oka|

úvpn% < akeak' npenk' ú' %eak < 9a%0 y'%eaĸ < 11f%1

ú' %góv < 9f%> yaĸıŔ < `óŔógen# ú|cnen' úyvók < enyp# yavbdŔ' y' < 11a%:

ú' < 6a%> yac% < yaceak' úp% < húógenk# ageak' y' %~v < 11a%6

ú' %eoŔ < 9a%> ŕaca < èojpcok' úpvó < `dcaı# úpóvó' y' < 16a%:

ú' < 6a%0 yag < yaı' úp% < hopenk# hnèenk' y' %ka < 11a%:

ú' %po < 9f%8 Ŕaga% < yaeak' úpóg < `ocnk' y' < 16a%9

ú' < >a%9 yaĹa < yaga'

úpóĹ < ú`óñ y' < 11a%0

ú' < 9a%1 yav ı < pavaj' ú < nz' y' < 11a%1

ú' < 1f%6 ŕagv < y~~g èaĔcaeayı' ú|hn < faŔka' y' < 16a%6

ú' < 9f%6 ŕav ĸıp < ~`~e# oèoe' ú' %go < 6f%9 Ŕ' < 16a%>

yaz~ĸ < ka}# èagak' %}% y' < 11a%6

}nvhācn < ioĔnv}avn# ioĔnv ŕazġa < aveaĔag'



69=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Ŕ' < 16a%0 ydga < úv`nk yaĸac% < a|aceak' y' < 11f%>

y' %~v < 11f%6 yúk < eāne# ay'

yaĸıg < ba|ıv "bı|ıv/ 4 y' < 11f%0 y' < 11f%9 Ŕ~f < yú|'

ynj ā < pnypo' Ŕ' < 16a%: y' < 18f%> y~Ĺac < baypa'

yncok < gæ|ok# hó|nc' y' ; 11f%6 y < 11f%1 y~v~g < e~pnòc# ıcıeag

ynz`ā < acıe%yapıe' baza' y' < 11a%> y' < 11f%9

yı}ĸav% ; oèenk' yózók o k~v~p~ce~Ŕ àg' y' %`ı < 11a%: y' < 11f%0

yıyĸav% < akpaveak' y' %eıŔ < 11f%6 %Ŕ%

yızav% &y~caeak# y~ znvenk' ŔnĹ < bıvyı|' y' < 11f%9 Ŕ' < 16a%1

yıàe < pneo| ó|có' Ŕoy < kóghóvn'

y' < 11f%0 Ŕ' < 16a%1 ŕııv < yıĔıv' Ŕ~`~vzng < Ŕa`ıvzag' Ŕ' < 16a%: Ŕ' < 11f%:

ŕı|aġag < facafag# oĔop# kab Ŕ~gĸav < `dĔag' vaeag# kdvk~y~|' Ŕ' < 16a%1

Ŕ% < 16a%: Ŕ~Ĩ < gnŔnco# Ŕng'

yı|caz < ioevo' bavnknpcnvog`n ynv y' < 16a%9 fnyp "ka`ıg/'

yog < yng' y% < 11f%: y' < 11a%6

yoz% < ynzenk' %p% y' < 11a%6 paġ < àĔ'

yoóco < hó|nc' p' < 8a%: y' < 11a%> paġac ; y~~Ĺnvenk4 yn|% < focenk# yn|enk# ag p' < 2f%1

caeak' pacġa% < šaıgeak' y' < 11a%1 p' %eıŔ < 2a%6

ydv% < ydveak' paġcag < kazv~ce~Ŕ f~Ĕà y' %ġaco < 11a%> p' < 2f%0

ydvaġ < ydv~' pac% < afaceak' y' < 11f0 p' %`ıĹ < 2f%9

ŕd~v ġac < oocok npen# goenp paeag < % znven' p' < 8f%:

y' < 16a%0 pagı% < pagıeak# focenk'

ŕd~v ġa% < f~~veak# nevnpenk p' %agà < 2a%6 Ŕ' %yaĹ < 16a%> p' %eak < 2a%6

ŕdĸıv ġa% < f~~veak' p' %eay < 8f%6 Ŕ' < 16a%> pagıŔ < pagıŔ%focoŔ'

ŕdĸıv < kúv' p' < 2f%H ŗ' < 16a%9 paĹ agĸı < yafab a`ıgcıĔı'

œdĸaĸ < ydkak# àv dc' p' < 2f%0 Ŕ' < 11a%9# 16a%9 pa}% < f~ceak'



691

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

p' %av < 8a%9 p' < 8a%:

p' %ı} < 8f%> pohnvó < pnvyogn' p' %ea`ıe ; 8a%6 p' < 2a%0 p' %eaĸ < 8f%c poho < kav Ŕı' p' %eay < 8f%1 p' < 2f%8

pa}~ġ ofā`np

p' %g`n

< 2f%8

p' %ıà < 2a%8 pohoveng < `nĔoveng' pavp% < k~veak# ènkenk' p' < 8f%0

p' %ı} < 8f%> pohvn < `āovn

pav ĸap% < àĔıpeak' p' < 8f%9 p' %ġag < 2f%1 pohvó < `nĔog# %n kaàv'

paypag < pócfngp' p' < 8f%9 p' < 16f%9 pohóv < nvoŔenk# npoŔenk'

paŔıĸ < ap' p% < 8a%6# 2a%9 p' < 8f%0 pok < hofo# fnv āfnv'

papaġ < ocoŔoĔo# ochoyo dceak# p' < 8a%9 aop dceak' poc < òc'

p' < 2a%> p'' < 8a%1 pap~ < à`ı' pocfn < āŔık# èıchıg# `nco' p' < 2f%: p' < 8a%>

pazŔac% < dv~ceak' pocn% < òcnenk# oypnenk'

p' %`ıĹ < 2f%9 p' %] < 8a%1 paġag < kaeak' p' %veog < 8a%1

p' < 2a%1 pocoe < èdk' pn`~ < aà' p' < 2a%9

p' %yo < 2a%: pocen% < e~|pavo} dceak' pncnhog < Ŕabog' p' %ó} < 2f%6

p' < 8f%: poeóv < `neov' pncnkng < avafa4 p' < 8a%0

p' < 8f%8 pov% < `nvcnenk# `nzŔov pneo| < fd|ea' eak# pd}caeak'

p'' < 2a%1 p' %eak 2a%0 PnĹvo fovhn < Pagv ı(gıg znvòĔo' p' %yn 8f%:

P' < 2f%8 povhóv% `nvcnpenk# pd}capeak' pnv ĸ~v~ya < àeak'

p' < 2a%8 p' %hnco <8a%0 pnhó < encnk' povoh <òvo'

p' < 2a%> p' <8f%1 pıe < àeca' povoc% <òvocenk'

p' < 2f%6 p' %hngòg <8a%9 pıgeaġ~v < |aıj' povoĹ <`nvog'

p' < 2f% 6 p' <2a%0 pıg < iag' poŔ% <`nŔenk# deak#

p' %gıġ < 2a%> `ncenk' pıĹca% < ògcnenk' p' %hng <8a%0

p' %ġagà < 2f%9 popvn% <popvnenk' pıvçh% < ògcnenk' p' %ng`n <2a%9

p' %ya < 8a%6 po' <nvoŔenk# ~caŔeak' pıvgaġ < pıvgak' p' %hnè <8a%9



696

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

poĹ < `ngk# nŔop' %~%

p' < 8a%> ~èva% < ~Ĕvaeak# vaypcaeak#

pdjvaĸ < pd}vak' kav ŔıcaŔeak# f~c~Ŕeak'

p' < 8a%> ~' %`ıe < 6f%1

pdĸpa% < `~veak' ~`v~eı < ~v~g`~'

p# %eay < 2f%1 ~' %ı < 0a%9

pdĸ~Ŕ% < z~v~Ŕeak# èav}ıŔeak' ~c~y < kafocn#

p' %ò < 8f%0 ~' < 6f%:

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fdcó`óv zn focogenngo dvpaa kdav @aĔcav pnbcokn znnyvavı ocn ogyagcavı kngògn ènknv' @ıŔpag bnfnpco zna|aenpco húvógng àĔcav# hnèeoŔog pagıĔı zn baapıgynefdcó`óvcnv' Agiak# &àĔcav baacnpcnvog aŔa`ıĔı

focogèyo| gnygncnv `nĔoc# oèog`n fovnync aŔaecavıg yóvnkcongocngòĔo# avapıiı baap kagakcavı`ıv'19 Bnyyn `n àĔ ynefdcógó eayaccavıgà f~ agcaeà yıkèa k~ccagıcıv'

&Zn `n`ncnv`ng pdv~gcava akpavıcag znaŔapıcag gn zavya# bn}yo àĔ bakkıgà focòkcnvo zn`óŔcnòkcnvo oò' ['''U zn pd}vaĔa hógnŔpng zn vó|havàg gnhncyn# bn}yo àĔàg hncovò' ['''U K~Ŕk~y~| àĔ bnvŔnogfaŔcaghıiıgàg fnvo nvog`n `~v~dv`~ zn



608

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agcapıiı opovajpa f~c~g~v< &Jvagkcog yo|n bavagıe' Yo| baapıeà

húv`óĔóg ng |nko ydfayıgı|'&6> F~ eayacà ogyagıg kaveaŔıkcıĔı kavŔıyıgà fov

gnygngog ya`ncoĔo z~ıh~cagıvkng# Bnyyn(gog ~kavà

`nĔogòĔoeo| óè eayacı ocn ogyagıg ènzvnyo zn kngòyo ocneógaynfnpcnvogo ncnŔpovòĔogo yúcnnfocovo|' F~ óè eayacıg#òĔnv eayaccavàg pnenc javkı óyc~f~gà yn|ocng aèıkyac`ıvhagcık zn ncnŔpovo# kıya dceacavıga vaĔeng# nvog`n znnpkoco eo|ab agcaıŔı`ıv'

K~Ŕ Eayaccavà yıkèa kavŔıcaŔıcag k~Ŕ edpojo#

hngnccokcn fov `óŔógino a à bn`njo yoehncnv' Fa|ng fovav|~g~g a à ú|cneog oealı# fa|ng `n fo||ap v~b~g kngòyodc~v' Hngnccokcn k~Ŕ a à kagapcı avapık# `nĔoŔen| bakokapodvpaa kdav zn oogog agıgà dc~v' Bnyyn(gog eayaccavıgàà k~Ŕ oocoĔo yoehncnv# &ovoy& a`cı eayacà k~Ŕ# kabvaeagı ngo fov `ógaa húpóvng úg`nv dcavak kavŔıeı|a

èıkeakpa`ıv &Kı|ıcaĔaècavàg dc~Ŕe~Ŕ èacıcıkpa fov k~Ŕ úpódv`~# ng`nv `~~cag papcı ynyocn# pı}kı úceóŔ dcag ovoyhofo Dg~ pako} nppo# d oyn ~è~dv nvn kdg~dv# pnkvavbd}c~dv`~# `nvngog óypóg`ng dveagıg `nvogcnkcnvogn`dĔv~'&6:

Boc`nhv~g` Xdnccnv(n húvn av`ıeynznv bazagedpojo# ogyagcık pavobogog ock `úgnecnvog`nko ogyag%bazagocoŔkocnvogn àageakpa`ıv' &F~ bapıvacav# bazag ocn ogyagzn bazagıg agı nzvng`n# agı `ó|cne`n aŔa`ıkcavı `úgnecnv`ng hncenkpnòv'&68 F~ agcaıŔa húvn eayaccav#hnvo `úgeneo|og eóekóg dcea`ıĔı fov hnèeoŔog o|cnvogohógóeó|n paŔıeakpa`ıv '

9' Bnyyn(gog EayaccavıgàgDpdfodhvajok gy~vcav

Bnyyn# baapı fd~gia eayac eac|nencnvo ocnenŔh~c dce~Ŕp~v# èógkó baac# vóa zn hnvènkóypó dg~ bnv|aeag in|} npeoŔpov' Ldynj Eocnik(n húvn Bnyyn# húvógnghnvènkcnvo fóócó fov apedyjnvn `úgóŔpóveóŔpóv' &Dg~geayaccavı ho|ne zn jagpa|oyocn fóócnng# vóagıg znynefdco|eog hnvènkóypócóĔógó dvpaa kdeakpa`ıv'&62

Bnyyn eayaccavıgà oko `óga iagcag`ıvıv' Fovoyıkıiı hógcók aŔagpıeı|# òĔnvo oyn húvógng ea`ò`ógagıg avkayıgàko eókneenc baap# &_aŔaeıg hnèoiozn yúgók húvógpócnvogog avkayıgàko f~ fóócó

bókóevagcık# dg~g oèog ya`nin hnvènk `óga `nĔoc# f~g~gà úpnyog`n yagapıgıg ocbae kagaĔı zn eac|nenyo oò'&6? Bnyyn ock eayacı &C~c~&~ 1?== ıcıgà Fnvg(n

paŔıgeaàg úgin a|av' @aba ydgva yagap aŔaeıgà `úgóegdkpayı yaıcafocnink pav|à# nypnpo|en zn oèo fdŔ ngpnccnkpónccoĔn kavŔı èıkpıĔı `úgnecnv`n eayaca úgncòĔo#1?91 ıcıgà Fa`ng(`n f~c~gag J' Afnc(n a|`ıĔı enkp~f~gà aèıkcav' 9=

Bnyyn# 1?1?%61 ıccavı avayıgà 11 eayac a|av'@aba ydgvacavı à |aeag |aeag eayac a|ag Bnyyn# ydgeayacı dcag &Zdhnc&o 1?96(`n paeaecav

Bnyyn(gog hngnccokcn dpdfodhvajok dcavakgopncngng n`nfo nynvcnvo91 ocn eayaccavı e~kanyn nòc%

òĔog`n# jagpaypok agcapıe p~p~e~ ocn a|ıceıŔ dcageayaccavıg ú|nc aŔagpıcavıgàg èdk a| o|cnv paŔı`ıĔı húvócenkpnòv'

9'1' Yagapèı KoŔocoĔogog \dvc~Ĕ~ Bnyyn# &Jcúpngpva~e& "1?19/ zn &@nv @oibpnv&

"1?1?/ a`co eayaccavıgà kngò yagap ~ĔvaŔıgıg o|cnvogoagyıpıv' F~ eayaccavà avaıŔ oènvoyog`n dcag `ngnoeyo|hngè# fov ~ypagıg }nŔog`nòv zn f~ dcà fov èdk aiıa zn|dvc~Ĕa kapcageak |dv~gà`ıv' Fov aŔae fd~ `nzae n`ngavaıŔıg ydg~gà úĔvngio# eókneenc yagapıg kngò koŔocoĔoocn dĔv~c`~Ĕ~ ~ypa dc~v'

F~ eayaccavà Bnyyn# kngò fovnyncaŔagpıcavıgı `nĔoc# hngnc dcavak yagapèıcavıg èafacavıgı zn

aŔae ocn yagap avayıgàko pnviobcnvogo òcn hnpovov' Bnyyn(gogf~ kdg~àko húvóŔcnvo 1?01 ıcıgà fov `dyp~ga a|`ıĔı enkp~}pa aèıkèa agcaŔıceakpa`ıv

&Yagapèı# yagapı oèog gn kaàv èafa yavj n`nv zndg~ io`òn acıvya# yagappag kaypnòcng ydg~ f~cea bn`njognd kaàv akcaŔıv' F~ga baapıg fov agcaeı dc`~Ĕ~ga ogagèa à oypnvyngo| f~ baapa fov agcae znven inyavnpoònfocovyogo|# oŔpn f~ aŔaeaa kaàv dcag dc~g fov èdkfayaeaĔı zav`ıv zn f~ dc èdĔ~ |aeag `dcaŔıkpıv zn |dv hofohúvógóv# jakap ogn `n óvóenn `nĔnv'&96

&A~h~yp~y& "1?19/ a`cı eayacıgà# oyn Bnyyn#yagapèı }vdfcneapoĔog`ng ~|akcaŔıv zn hngnc dcavak ogyagı ncn acıv' F~ eayacıgà Bnyyn# ogyag aŔaeıgı èdi~kc~k#

pnya`ójcnvn àacı e~pc~c~k a à iag yıkıiıcıĔı znóeopyo|coĔn `óŔóŔ zn k~vp~c~Ŕ dcavak payzov n`nv' ĽgyagaŔaeıgıg ydg fabavı dcavak gopncngng f~ `úgne`n# ènkocngdgia yıkıgpıgıg av`ıgàg èdi~ky~ e~pc~c~Ĕa ngo`ngnvoŔoceoŔpov'99 Pı}kı A~h~yp~y hofo Bnyyn `n baapıgà`ógacık dcag fópóg ea`ò oekagcava yabo}po# agiak n`nfonynvcnvogog èdĔ~gà kafdcag d èdi~kc~k ıccavıgıginggnpogn `~~cag ú|cne òcn hnpovocov' Úgin f~ kafdcaginggnpo yagappa a à nypnpo|e`n f~ceaa èacıŔag Bnyyn#|aeag |aeag f~g~g agiak úcóecn f~c~gaiaĔıgı à oja`nnpeoŔpov' Agiak &A~h~yp~y& eayacıgà# A~h~yp~y paebaappag óeoògo knypoĔo yıvaà# àba aŔavkng kngò oèb~|~v~g~ zn fovcoĔogo f~c~v zn fúcnin inggnpo aŔaeıgà

knŔjn`nv ' 9'6' Eayaccavıgà Ydyac NcnŔpovo Bnyyn(gog 1?1> ıcıgà a|`ıĔı &Envkxóvòn

Gaibvoibp zdg nogne ag`nvng Ypnvg& zn &Jac`~e&eayaccavı# ydyac ncnŔpovo úgóg`ng ng ynvp ncnŔpovocnvo oènvov'Fovogio eayacà Bnyyn# oko hn|nhng payzov n`nv'Hn|nhngcnvog fovog`n favıŔ zn ynzho bókóe yóvnvkng#òĔnvog`n yazaŔcav zn kapcoaecav zav`ıv'



602

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&Jac`~e& a`cı eayacà pd}c~e~ dc~Ŕp~vag ogyagcav a yabo}dcea`ıkcavı Ŕncnvo nc`n npengog bıvyıga ka}ıceıŔcav`ıv a àdc`~kcavıgàg javkcı húvógóvcnv ' &@nv N~vd}anv& "1?12/ a`cı eayacà oyn Azv~}a(gıg pnkgdcdlok hncoŔencnvcn oeba nòcoŔozn f~ agcaeyı| yazaŔpag `dcaı ogyagcavıg kafdceayı ncnŔpovocov'90 Bnyyn(n húvn `ógagıg o`nac dceayı a à o`nac

dceaeayı aŔagıcag |aeaga faĔcı`ıv ' Bnyyn f~ húvóŔógó&@on Ypa`p& zn &@ay Vnoib& a`cı eayaccavıgà oŔcneoŔpov '@ógagıg hó|nc dc~Ŕ~ à èovkog dc~Ŕ~ à àoeo `nĔocòv#hnèoioòv zn `nĔoŔkngòv' Bnyyn aŔa`ıĔı `úgneogkvo|cnvog`ng npkocngnvnk# pnkgdcdlok hncoŔencnvn znocnvcnenn kavŔı bn} enyajnco `~ve~Ŕp~v# bappa ncnŔpoveoŔpov

D "akıc yabofo fov ogyag/# f~hóg ogyagcavıgúginkocnv`ng àba oo apnŔ n`nfocòkcnvogo zn àba bı|cı ynabap n`nfocòkcnvogo húvóv# jakap f~ ocnvcnengog fogcnvinhnvocnenn eac dc`~Ĕ~g~ húvenyo dga eóyaa`n nòcen| znd à húvenk oypnen|' Hógóeó| ogyagıgıg fa|ı pnkgokkaafoconpcnvo àba oo hncoŔeoŔ dc`~Ĕ~gàg# dg~gKdgjoè~y(pag# Ydkvapny(png a à Ľya(àg àba hncoŔeoŔ zn

ocnvo dc`~Ĕ~g~ |aggn`nv'&9>

9'9 ]yokagaco| ocn ^ĔvaŔıyı Bnyyn(gog }yokagaco| ocn ~ĔvaŔıyıgıg o|cnvogo

ú|nccokcn Ŕoovcnvog`n zn eayaccavıgà f~ceak àbakdca`ıv' V~b~g ock dcavak }yokagacopok úgpnecnvcn pnàzonòcenyo zn }yokagacoypcnvog a|ıcavı Bnyyn(gog kngògopagıeayı oèog# fov úgpne f~ceayıga gn`ng dce~Ŕp~v'Bnyyn(gog ~jk~g~ aèag zn focogiogo avpıvag f~ ngo úgpne#ú|nccokcn ogyagıg v~byac }vdfcnecnvogog zn focogèacpıgàkofocogenng av|~cavıgıg èú|óecngnfocòĔo eayaccavà kngògohúypnvenn faŔca`ı' Hndvh X' Jonc`# Bnyyn(gog eayaccavı bakkıgà Ŕ~ dv~e~ a}av< &F~ yagap póvó# Ŕaovognynvcnvog`n vúgnyagypag fnvo Aceag n`nfoapıgıg póeóg`n

nŔogn vaypcageaag fov dvlogaccoĔn yabo}p~v'&

9:

F~ faĔcaeà &@nv yibxnvn Xnh& a`cı eayacı#kngò v~b pnàzoyogog# eopok pav|à oja`n nòcoŔo Ŕnkcog`ndv~ecagafocov' F~ eayacà# kngò oèogn `úgengog |dvc~Ĕ~#zn úg`nv dcavak pavoj nòcng koŔo ocn dcag eógaynfnpcnvo oja`nnòcov' Eayacà kabvaeag dc~ga `nzae npenk |dv~gàdc`~Ĕ~ hofo# Bnyyn `n baapıgà kngògo pagıeak oèogavaŔpıveak |dv~gà`ı' Eayaccavıgà ogyagcavıg ho|co kaceıŔ av|~cavıgı zn kdvk~cavıgı aèıĔa z~veak oypnoŔo dcavakdv~ecag afocov'

9'0' Jagpn|o @dc~ Fov @óga &]okpdvy Znvxag`c~ghng& "1?66/ a`cı bokan`n#

]okpdv yagapyac fov jagpn|o `ógayıga hovnv' Fov aĔaia

`úgóŔenk oypnng ]okpdv' ya`nin kngòyogog `nĔoŔenòĔogoagcav zn e~pc~ dcaea|' Agiak ynzòĔo kı|ıg kngòg`ng fov}avèa dceayıca fov fópóg dc~v zn fúcnin ydgy~| dc~Ŕ~e~gfov ènkov`nĔo dc~vcav'

F~ eayacà acgı|cıĔı zn ka`nvogn va|ı dceaı yoehncnng aĔaè ynefdcó# Bnyyn(n fng|npocnfocov'

Bnyyn# ydg eayacı dcag &Zdhnc& `n# nŔognvaypcageaag# jakap `nzaecı dcavak hú|cnv`ng ~|ak `~vag znfúcnin yıgıvcı ogyagıg pagı`ıĔı zn húv`óĔó fov k~Ŕ ynefdcógó oŔcnv' FocogòĔo hofo Bnyyn `n# fa|ng pd}c~eàg~|akcaŔıv zn acgı| aŔav`ı' F~ eayacıgà à k~Ŕ~g# aycıgàBnyyn ocn dk~~i~cavı zn ncnŔpovengcnvo avayıgàko ocoŔkoo

yoehncnòĔogo yúcnnfocovo|'9'>' Baapıe Eayac Ydg dcavak &@on Kog`bnop `ny \a~fnvnvy& a`cı

eayacı ó|nvog`n `~veak oypodv~e' Ú|nccokcn f~ eayacàBnyyn(gog kngò aŔagpıcavıgàg fóók o|cnv f~ceakeóekóg' Bnyyn(gog kngò oja`ncnvogn húvn `n f~ eayacdg~g baap bokanyogo agcapıv< &D |aeagcav kngòcnvocn}vdfcnecnvoe dcag avkaàŔcavıea# eayacıeyı bazaà zn agacacı pav|à aŔagpıcavıeàg knyopcnv y~gavak# aŔaeıebakkıgà fov hngnc kagaapcnvo dcy~g oypnòe'&98

Kngò hngècoĔogo hó|nco nŔpovnvnk agcappıĔı f~eayacà# fóócó èdi~kc~k pnivófncnvo ocn focogèco dcavakúĔvngocng hnvènkcnv avayıgàko ~è~v~e~g aŔıceayı ydv~g~g~

òcn hnpovov' Ng fóók èdi~kc~k `óŔógó Bnyyn Ŕúcn oja`nn`nv< &Ng èdk yobovfa| dceak oypnvòe' F~ fngoe ng

oèpng# ng `nvog`ng oypnòĔoe fov av|~e`~# |ova hnvènk `ngngzn d |aeagcav fóókcnvog yaèeacıkcavıca ú|`nŔ húv`óĔóezn |aeag |aeag kdvkp~Ĕ~e# fa|ng acaa ac`ıĔıehnvènkcnv`ng `~`~Ĕ~e vabapyı|cık fngo èdk nvkng`ng dg~`nĔoŔpovenn# fóócnenn# jngacaŔpıveaa úgncppo'&92

0' Ydg Yú|cnvBnveagg Bnyyn(gog eayaccavı# bnv gn kaàv

òĔnv nynvcnvo kaàv dpdfodhvajok o|cnv paŔıeaya à# dg~g`óga húvóŔógó zn `óŔógincnvogo agyıpeakpa`ıv Bnyyn(gog

nynvcnvogo pagı

agcav# ya`nin eayac dcavak a`cag`ı

vı

cagnynvcnvog`n `nĔoc' @neoag# Kcoghydv# Yo``bavpa#Ypn}}ngxdcj# Gav|oyy ~g` Hdcè~g`# Edvhngcag`jabvp znHcay}nvcngy}onc hofo fov èdk nynvog`n# Bnyyn(gog a`npa fovyagap eayacı a|avı dc`~Ĕ~g~ eóŔaba`n npeoŔcnvòv' K~vpXnofnc# Bnyyn(gog fópóg nynvcnvogog vdeagpok yagapıg fovóvógó dcag eayac edpojcnvo ocn yóycó dc`~Ĕ~g~ fncovpov'

&Yagapèıgıg jvaheagcavıgàko eayac kavagcıĔı#ó|nvogn neog nppoĔo `~h~ `ógaeı|ı jnpbnòdv zn dkavagcıkpa ogyag' Pagg(gıg ydgy~| nzvngogn nvoŔodv'&9?

Bnyyn(gog nynvcnvo f~ agcaeà `nĔnvcngòvoc%òĔog`n# àba fóók fov agcae ka|agaiakpıv zn bnv fovnynvogog fóócó eayac `ógayıgıg fov }avèayı dc`~kcavı

agcaŔı

caiakpı

v' Eayaccavı

gà fncovhog dcavak dvpaa èı

kageopok# jagpaypok# zn èdi~ky~ edpojcov# aycıgà Bnyyn(gogfópóg nynvcnvog`n enzi~pp~v zn dg~g baapı fd~giaú|cneogo ènkpoĔo k~v~ hnvènkcokpng ~|akcaŔı}# èdi~kc~Ĕ~g~gfóócó apedyjnvogn akcaŔeayıgı



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ĽYPAGF^C(@A F^BAVACOFĽV GAKŗĽ ŗN_BĽ<

YN__Ľ@ NEĽV F^BAVĽ ZNPÓVKÈN ŗĽĽVCNVĽ

]vdj' @v' Ineac K~vga| % _v`' @dè' @v' E~ypaja Papèı Ha|o Ógoznvyopnyo N Ĕ opoe Jakócpnyo Póvk @oco zn N`nfoap ı Fúcóeó Ú Ĕ vnpoe Óncnvo

Pavobpn# Dvpa Aya ocn Aga`dc~ kócpóv idĔvajacavı avayıgàko akıg ocoŔkogog ng òkkapn `nĔnv úvgnkcnvogopayazz~j acagıgà húvenkpno|' Aga`dc~(g~gĽycæecaŔeayıgà úgneco nvo f~c~gag kdcdgo|apúv`nvzoŔcnv`ng faŔcaavak"c/# ydgvako ó|ıccavà à DvpaAya(àg hncnvnk Dyeagcı ócknyog`n jaaconp húypnvnge~payazzıjcava vaypcageakpa`ıv"6/' RZ'%RZ1' 'cavàF~bava(àg Ľypagf~c(a hnco} jaaconp húypnvng Neov F~bavı oyoeco óè e~payazzıj à f~ úvgnkcnv avayıgà`ıv'

Fo|oe a|ıeı|à yú| kdg~y~ n`ninĔoeo| NeovF~bavı "100>%1>1:/(`ng faŔka agı oyoeco oko koŔo àbaf~c~geakpa`ıv' Fovoyo# Cnen|æp(à Yógfóc Njngò(gog fovknvaenpo `dcaıyıca |okvnòcenkpnòv &'''@nvzoŔcnvo avayıgàNeov F~bavç a`cı fov `nvzoŔo zav`ı' ŗnb(og znjapıga akıg dZnjap nppo' ŗnb# kngòyogo èdk ynzòĔog`ng# Neov(o fo|oeen|avıeı|ıg aak ~i~ga `njgnògo| ònvnk# paog nppoĔokngò en|av nvogog aak ~i~ga `njgnòcò' GakcnòcòĔognhúvn# f~ |æp f~hóg `n ŗnb(og aak ~i~gà apeakpa`ıv&"9/'

Yógfóc Njngò ?9:1>6?%9= ıccavıgà znjap nppoĔogn húvn#f~vaà yú| kdg~y~ nòcng Neov F~bavç `n f~ pavobcnv`nznjap npeoŔ dceacı`ıv'

Neov F~bavç‟`ng npeoŔ yngn ydgva znjap n`ng#agı oyoe`n fov GakŔ ç Ŕnbo àba zav`ıv D à F~bava(àgĽypagf~c(a hnceoŔ# ^gka}agı iozavıgà nvcnŔeoŔ# f~vaà??01>:2 ıcıgà znjap npeoŔpov Y~cpag OOO' E~vap kafvogogó|nvogn fov póvfn a}pıveıŔpıv' Kngò a`ıca agıcag fov `npnkknyo f~c~geakpa`ıv"0/'

_a|ıeı|a kdg~ dcag Neov Aben`%o F~bavç#pabeogng 20?100> ıcıgà F~bava(à `dĔe~Ŕp~v' @dĔ~envogn goyfnpcn F~bavç# B|' ]nhaefnv(og yd~gàg dceayı

ynfnfocn `n Yno`# Neov zna Bóyngç goyfncnvocn agıcıv'Acpı dĔc~# fov kı|ı dc`~Ĕ~ yagıceakpa`ıv'

Neov F~bavç(gog baapıca ochoco ènŔopco ka%gakcavà e~bpayav focho f~c~geakca fovcokpn">/# f~gcav àbaèdk eóvoò Cæeoç Èncnfo(gog Gnjnbac Pnvinenyo":/ ocnAf`~vvn||ak f' Af`~(c%Ióagoó(c%Nûfçgog a|eıŔ dc`~Ĕ~ Bæ|æ Engkafn%o Neov F~bævç "8/ a`cı e~bpayavengækıfgæenn àagıv'

Neov F~bavç# GakŔofngòn yocyocnyog`n úgnecofçv nvo dcag ŗnb Eabeû` Ngiçv nc%JaĔgnzç&gog"2/ pdv~g~`~v' HngècoĔog`n F~bava(à ènŔopco ocoecnv pabyoc nppo'F~ yıvaà ŗnb Bæin ^fn`~ccab%ı Abvav(a ogpoya} nppo' Fov

agàg yno`# òĔnv agàg fóók fov Ŕnbog pdv~g~dceayı# avıia ynv ó y~cûkpako kafoconpo hofo ú|nccokcnvo`dcaıyıca ^fn`~ccab%ı Abvæv(ıg ocpojapcavıga ea|bav dc`~'F~ yıvaà Aga`dc~(àg Ynenvkag`(a hnco} ^fn`~ccab(aogpoya} n`ng Yoeazcı Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç ocn pagıŔpı' Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç ynv ~ yócûk~g~ paeaecaı} Aga`dc~(a `úgninĔo|aeag Neov F~bavçgog `n fovcokpn hopenyo zn dg~g ydbfnpbackayıga hovenyo nevnòcò'



6>1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Cæeoç Èncnfo# f~ baòyno Ŕúcn gakcn`nv &Ba|vnp%o Bdia"^fn`~ccab%ı Abvav/ kngòcnvogn ocnvo `nvnin`n pa(|çe#oicæc# okvae zn pnzniióbpn f~c~g`~Ĕ~ oèog `nzaecı b~|~vy~|dc~vcav`ı' Fov hóg Ba|vnp%o Bdia ú|óv òcno} Ŕúcnf~~v`~cav' Yo|n gayıc okvae zn pnzniióbpn f~c~geaacıe

ko# yo|o bnv húv`óĔóe`n oko ~c~ Ŕabıg óincoĔogo eóŔabn`nnpenkpno|< Fovogioyo B|' ]nhaefnvog gnyco dc~Ŕ~g~|#òĔnvo oyn Bdia Eabe~` JaĔgnzç(gog `n`ngo| dc~Ŕ~'Aben` F~bavç f~ pnzniiób zn ocpojappag kaèı} B|' ŗnbĽcæbç ocn Aga`dc~(a úgncòcnv&"?/ Af`óvvn||ak Njngò oyn#F~bavç(gog ^fn`~ccab%ı Abvav(àg en|~g dc`~kpag ydgvafo||ap dg~g nevocn Ľcæbç(n pæfo dc~} Aga`dc~(a hncòĔogoyúcnv"1=/'

Nzogo# eacıgı pnvk nò} nzcæ`ıgı à F~bava(àfıvakag F~bavç# aycng KópabaYoeazcı dcag Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç(cn fnvafnv Yoeaz(a `úgnv"11/' Cæeoç(gog fo||apkngòyog`ng `~`~Ĕ~ fochocnvn húvn fov yngn Yoeaz(à kacagF~bavç# Ŕnbogog o|gocn baiia hopeoŔ# f~ eógaynfnpcn fov

eó``np K~`óy(pn# fov ıca akıg à Enkkn(`n okaenpncneoŔpov' Cæeoç# dg~g baica ochoco bapıvacavıgı Ŕúcn agcapıv; &B|' Neov eóvo`cnvog eóiæbn`ncnvog`n k~y~v zn

hnzŔnkcok húvógin Ŕúcn `neoŔpo< Enkkn(`n f~c~g`~Ĕ~eyıvacavà kngò kngòen Ŕúcn yú| znveoŔ zn gn|vnpeoŔpoe<Bnv hóg nò knvn pazaj zn nò knvn ya( n`ninĔoe'@dcaıyıca kıvk `dk~| pazaj zn kıvk `dk~| ya( npeoŔ dcaiaĔıe' Hnincnvo Bavne%o Enkkn(n kavŔı hæb aakpa`~v~v# hæb dp~v~v`~e' Fa|ag à pazaj n`nvòe' Fov ag apı}~~ea|`ıe'―

Bacf~ko kngòcnvogog fógncnvo `n |aıjpı' _ognfovhóg Ŕúcn f~~v`~cav< K~`óy(pn f~c~g`~Ĕ~e |aeagcavàK~`óy(óg oeaeı fo|o ynzòĔo oèog K~`óy en`vnyncnvogog

fovog`n fo|n fov dà znvòcnv# dvaà kac`ıe' En`vnynhúvnzcoyo fo|n oca nkenk hnpovò zn (f~ dàgıg paıgı`ıv( `nò'Fng zakıj nkenĔo neno kaf~c npenòe zn<

‐ Ľbpoaiıe dk# hnvnken|# `nòe' Kaoe<‐ Ac à faŔkayıga znv# èógkó &|nghogòv& òn

yngo f~ dààg apavcav'‐ Yngog dcy~g `nòe'@aba ydgva bapıvıea Ŕúcn fov Ŕn hncò< _a|ı

a|ea hofo fov oŔoeo| dcya à dgàg hóg`n fov akèn acı}hnèoeoeo pneog npyne'

Bneng avafıg fovo oènvo hovò zn ‐ Njngòeo|# a|ı a|eaı focov eoyog `nò'

Fng<

‐ Nznp `nòe' Fov kopa} húypnvnvnk‐ F~ kaàv a|afocovyng a|# f~g~g bnv kæĔı`ıgahóg`n fov akèn# òcnòĔog kaàv a| `nò' Kaf~c nppoe'Kacne# òzop zn kæĔıp hnpovò' Dvaà dc`~Ĕ~e eó``npènhóg`n fov kæĔıp a|ı}# ac`ıĔıe fov akèno gajaka nògnvnkkoeyn`ng yaàka acea|# bdiacav hofo hnèogovòe'

Bai dci~c~Ĕ~ oèog o|og ac`ıkcavı |aeag B|'

ŗnb kngòcnvogn dg akèn dc bavècıĔı znveoŔpov' Avıiaabıvcavıgà f~c~gag envknf zn appag baghoyogo oypnvyng dg~à ac# `neoŔpo' Dgcav à envknfo aceıŔ# akŔae gaea|ıgı Ŕnbcn n`æ nò} æŔıkcav ydjvayıgàg fov nkenk acı} kdg~gakde~Ŕ zn dca èıkeıŔpı' Dg akèn`ng faŔka bavècıkcavı

dkp~' _agıgà fov E~ybaj zn fov Enygnzç zav`ı' Pnivç` znpnznkkóc ó|nvogn dci~c~Ĕ~ga `nzae npeoŔcnvò'_dci~c~k nygayıgà e~ybaj ı èac`ıveıŔcav' Enygnzç(o oynfov koŔogog ıyvavı ó|nvogn oko ó| akènn bnòn npeoŔcnv#koeyn`ng bnòn zn yaàka kaf~c npeneoŔcnvò'

Agiak fov koeyn`ng fov nŔvnjon acea `~v~ e~dce~Ŕ d à Bdia Ba|vnpcnvo oèog aàgeıŔ Ŕnvnjon# oò' Èdkıyvav nòcogin dg~ aceıŔcav`ı' &Boè yıkıgpı húvenòk& òn `nocæzn n`nvcnvò&"16/'

F~bavç# bai húvnzog`ng ydea fov yóvn àbaEnkkn(`n f~c~ge~Ŕ# àba ydgva Ŕnbo Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç‟gogYoeazcı baiı aàcavıca bafnv húg`nvo} hnvo hncenyogooypnenyo ó|nvogn pnkvav Yoeaz(a `úgeóŔ# f~vaà acpı ıc

àba kaceıŔpıv' F~ ıccava aop bapıvacavıgı Af`óvvn||akNjngò(`ng pako} n`ncoe< &ŗnb Ľcæbç Ba|vnpcnvo# Yno` Aben` F~bavç

Ba|vnpcnvogn hanp pa(|çe o`nvcnvò' Zn ŗnb Ľcæbç Ba|vnpcnvoiægof%o neogcnvogo Yno` Aben` F~bavç Ba|vnpcnvogneabyûy o`ó} ~cneæàg zn j~|acæàg koenygno ævoj%o foccabŗnb Yno` Aben` F~bavç Ba|vnpcnvogog ó|nvcnvogn pak`çeopen|cnvò' Zn ævoj%o foccab ŗnb Ľcæbç Ba|vnpcnvog`ng gakcdc~ge~Ŕp~v ko# Yno` Aben` F~bavço fo|n acpı ıc yacæp%ı jnivço apyı af`nypo ocn oeæenp ncnò' ]ny Yno` Aben(`F~bavç Ba|vnpcnvogn gnzecnvog`n y~æc ncnòkcnvog`nf~~v`~cav ko# fa(`n(c%oŔvæk Ŕnbog kapıvıg zn envknfog yóvó}paĔàg d`~g húpóv`óe' \~bûv~ zakpog`n e~ka``ne paĔ

oèogn pazavcavı

dpcaeaĔa yacı

znvòĔoe`n dc yaap`n fov aĔaiapaag~} fov cab|a bæf ncnvòe&"19/' Cæeoç Èncnfo# F~bavç(gog f~ ıccavıga aop

bapıvacavıgı fo||ap kngòyog`ng zn E~ycobo`òg Bacçjn(`ngògcneoŔpov<

&ŗúcn agcapıdvcav< B|' ŗnb ocn Yoeaz(àdc`~Ĕ~e~| |aeagcavà fnŔ zakop gaea|à fo|n oeaecıkhúvnzogo znveoŔcnvò' B|' ŗnbog fov envknf zn kapıvı zav`ı'HógnŔ `dĔ`~kpag ydgva bnv hóg dgcavı yóvó} úĔcn zakpognkaàv àĔàg d`~g húpóvóv`óe' ÚĔcn gaea|ıgı kıc`ıkpagydgva yóvócnink èojp zavya èojp yóvnvòe' Dvak zakpog`n dvakfoènvòe' @oĔnv |aeagcavà yıvpıeà èacı èıv}ı húpóvóv`óe'B|' ŗnbog faĔı zn fabènyo `~zavıga fng` n`nvòe' Ľkogò

gaea|ı

gı

kı

c`ı

kpag ydgva oyn ŗnbog b~|~v~ga zavı

v`ı

e' Envb~e ^|~g E~ycobo`òg Bacojn agcapıdv<Fo||ap B|' ŗnb(png `~`~e# Ŕúcn òdv`~< Neov F~bavç acpı ıc fo|n Yoeaz(à apyı af`nypocn yafab gaea|ı kıc`ıv`ıcav' E~ycobo`òg Bacojn òdv< F~g~g ó|nvogn NeovBa|vnpcnvogn gn |aeag ~~v`~g~|# `nòe' ŗúcn `nòcnv<D`~g knyenk oèog àĔa hoppoĔoe |aeag k~Ŕc~k zakpog`nàzavcavı dpcaeacavı oèog fov eó``np



6>6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

oèog yacıznvòe' D agà fov aĔaia aycagı} ~~v`~e'&"10/ F~bavçgog Ŕnbo dcag Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç# ú|nc %cokcn

`nzcnp voiacogog `n pnzniióbcnvogn ea|bav dce~Ŕ zn bappa`njacavia Ľypagf~c(a àznp nòceoŔpov "1>/' Agiak Dg~g f~àznpn nvkng |aeagcavà oiafnp nò} npenòĔogo knyog dcavakpnyfop n`neodv~|' F~ ıccavà `nvzoŔo F~bavç(gog kacfogn

Ľypagf~c(a hopenk zn dvaàko enŔaıbı |oavnp npenk av|~y~`óŔnv' F~ pacnfogo Ľcæbçn focòvov' ŗnb ba|vnpcnvo o|og znvov znhoppoĔog`n dvaàko abzæcn `æov enkp~} a|eayıgı oypnv' F~bavogobanp Yoeaz( ag avıcıv' Ľypagf~c( a ock dcavak `nzvog ógcóeóvŔo`cnvog`ng ŗnb Znja Ba|vnpcnvogog "1:/ `nvhæbıga ho`nv znf~vaà dg~gca pagıŔıv<

&Ľypagf~c(a hoppoe# h~vfnp nco' Gn fng koeynopagıdv~e gn `n koeyn fngo' ŗnb Znja ba|vnpcnvogogeakaeıgı ydv`~e zn iaeocnvogn zav`ıe' Fov kúŔn`n okogògaea|ıgı kıc`ıe' ŗnb Znjæ ba|vnpcnvo eobvaf oèog`nko ka}ıı aèavak hncòcnv zn oeaecık a}pıcav' Gaea|àg ydgva`nvzoŔcnvcn enŔh~c dc`~cav' Fng `n fov nvn dp~v~} ~|akpagŔnbn fakıdv`~e' FaŔıeı kac`ıvı} ŗnbog pavaj ıga bnv

fakpıĔıeà Ŕnb `n faŔcavıgı kac`ıvı} faga fakav`ı' Nzva`paeae dc~gia# ŗnb(n zavı} e~yæjaba npenn gonpcngnvnknvoe`ng kackpıe' ŗnb `n nvcnvog`ng kackı} faga `dĔv~hncòcnv' Fngo faĔıvcavıga faypıcav# Fov eó``np boèkdg~Ŕeaàg ynyyo|in dp~v`~e' @aba ydgva `nvzoŔcnvn Ŕúcn`n ocnv' Kng ocnvo eoyajovcnvoeo| ov# dga fakıgı|' @aba ydgvahoppocnv'

D hnin zækıaà Ŕúcn húv`óe< Iaeogog fovkúŔnyog`n fov e~e ageakpa`ıv' Jakap ıŔıĔı èdk `nĔocòv'Fngoe `n ncoe`n fov e~e zav# f~ e~e~ d ènvaĔàg akeakoypodv~e' ÈnvaĔıg agıga hoppoe# e~e~ akeak oèog ~|appıĔıe|aeag ènvaĔ dk dc`~' _nvoen dp~v`~e' ÈnvaĔıgı nykoyo hofoag`ıĔıgı húv`óe' B~cæya agı `~v~e óè `nja pnkvav nòcò'

Ydgva Ŕnbcn e~yabafn nò} o|og ac`ı

e zn hoppoe' Bnyaf nppoepae óè hóg dvaà kaceıŔıe &"18/'Neov F~bavı# Ľypagf~c(a hncoŔog`ng kıya fov |aeag

ydgva nev nòcòĔo ó|nvn Ŕnbo Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbçn fov enkp~}a|av' Kngògog zn pagı`ıĔı Ŕnb %cnvog bæcogo Javyèa fovfnopcn agcapıv'

&F~~v`~cav ko bæcoeo foc ovo} dvaàg Ba|vnp%o ŗnb(nenkp~} a| ıe# oè occnvog àbo bæcogn Ŕ~ fnopcn oŔavnp nppoe "12/<

F~vaà húgcó vabap d koeynòv ko#ævog npnĔogna}ıŔeıŔ# fov kúŔnn ènkoceoŔpov "1?/'

Enkp~f~ acag Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç# fnpo dk~~giaYoeaz( ag avıceakpag za|hnènv# @aba ~|~g yngncnv f~vaàokaenp n`nv' Gobanp ŗnb Ľcæbç `n úevógóg ydgcavıga `dĔv~

Ľypagf~c(a hncov' Neov F~bavçn bocæjnp znvov' Nzvngdy|æ`nAben` Fn(og àznpocn Zavàv _ngoinyo(gn ho`nv zn f~vaàznjap n`nv "B'2?:E' 10?=/"6=/'

Boè Ŕó}bnyo| GakŔofngòn pavokapo#

Aga`dc~(a Af`~ccab%ı Ľcæbç ocn hoveoŔ# Fan|ı`%ı Zncçgogàznpocn Neov F~bavçgog Ľypagf~c(a húg`nvocenyo gnpoinyog`n`n Ľypagf~c( a hncoŔo} aıceıŔpıv' F~bavç 1088 ıcıgà bocæjnpacavak ovŔaà faŔca ıĔıga húvn"61/# GakŔ çcoĔog aıcıŔı Ľypagf~c(à akcaŔık dcavak f~ pavobcnvn vaypcaeakpa`ıv' BóynogZayyaj Fn `n# &Ľypagf~c(à ock `nja dcavak GakŔofng`ç

`nvhæbıgı pnyoy zn ogŔæ n`ng Aben` F~bavç ba|vnpcnvogogNĔvoka}ı àbocog`n Azagyavæç óypóg`n enyio` zn |azonoogŔa ncneoŔpov' F~vaà ovŔæ`%ı ofæ` ocn enŔhûc dce~Ŕp~v'&ònvnk f~ b~y~y~ `dĔv~cav"66/'

Neov F~bavç# Japob Iæeoyo(gog fapıyıgàko f~hógkngò a ıca agıcag ydkakpa f~c~gag nz`n ovŔa` jaaconpcnvogoyóv`óvóvkng paco}cnvogog avpeayı ó|nvogn# OO' Fan|o` pavaj ıgàgf~ fogaa nk dcavak ngo bóivncnv a}pıvıceıŔ zn f~ enkægpnkknn `úgóŔpóvóceóŔpóv' Ydgvacavı engy~}cavı èdĔacagF~bavç# Azagyava zn Nòvgnka}ı ynepcnvog`n fovnv bacojnpaog nò} oko ngo pnkkn àba aèeıŔpıv"69/'

Envkn| pnkkngog zn àba ydgva aèıcag pnkkncnvogŔnb "}dyp%goŔ çg zn pnkkn%goŔ çg/(cnvogog pavob yıvayıga húvn

fovnv coypnyo Enieûa%ı Pnkææ a|avı \ækov ŗókvó Njngòpavaj ıgàg znvoceoŔpov1% Japob Y~cpag Enben` Bag Iaeo%o ŗnvojo k~vfóg`n

B|' Bdia Neov Aben F~bavç Pnkknyo Ŕnbcnvo "60/ 6% Nòvgnka}~y~ bævoiog`n B|' Neov F~bavç Pnkknyo

Ŕnbcnvo"6>/ 9% Neov F~bavç Pnkknyo Ŕnbcnvo `nv%k~vf%o

Azagyavæ"6:/ F~bavç ?66 1>1: pavobog`n znjap npeoŔpov' Póvfnyo

bacng Japob Iaeoo(gog fapıyıgà kngò a`ıca agıcag iaeoogagıgà dc ó|nvog`nòv"68/'

Znjapıga# F~vya Ka}cıia En`vnynyo eó`nvvoyo oknghúvnzog`ng avıcavak F~bavç(n faĔcagag Bı|ıv Fn Èncnfo "úc'

1>18/ Ŕ~ pavob eag|~enyogo yúcneoŔpov<EóŔkoc oeoŔ jovkapo ŗnbog fn%hænp æb ŗnbKagà hop o focen|og dc ea|bav%ı Accabŗnb

F~ jovæk ~ bayvnpn f~ bnivn zó f~ bæcnpnHúgcóen ò`óe ko ko ò pævçb òò zæb ŗnb "62/

Cæeoç Èncnfo `n fov pavob eag|~enyo yúcneoŔpov ko# f~eag|~engog ydg fnpo agı |aeagà póvfngog kopafnyo dcavakbakknòceoŔpov;

Kagı dc Ŕney%o bakçkap yæn%o c~pj%ı ĽcæbK~pf%ı ovŔæ`%ı pavçkap eóvŔo`%o hnv`ûg%}ngæb

ŗ~(cn yaceıŔ ı F~bævæ( ag `dĔ~} Vûe óypognEnjbav%ı æc%o afæ oò zó eóck%o `çgn Ŕæb

Kd ı ngòe hofo aybæfıg dc~g`ı enb%yıjapHae%o haeàg dc`ı cæfó` èçbvn%o æcne yoab



6>9

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Iæg oeæĔıg èógko f~ ynz`æ f~bævı ka}ca`ı @oc o o pævçb n Yno F~bavç æb zæb "6?/

Caeoç(gog oja`nyogn húvn# úcóeóg`ng a| úgin#`nvzoŔcnvogn &Pakza zn fovcok bacog`n dc~g~|'& òn zayonpnpeoŔpov"9=/' @aea`ı Eabe~` Incnfo(gog agcappıĔıga húvn'

úcóeóg`ng ydgva fa|ı knvaenpcnvo |~b~v npeoŔpog &NjngòBa|vnpcnvo znjap nògin eófavnk inynpcnvogo fov èa`ıv oèog`nıkaeıŔpık' Fov `nvzoŔ y~ `úkódv`~' Fov `nvzoŔ `n engòccn`nzaecı fngoe pnvoeo yocodv`~' Baaàg pnvn fdĔ~ce~Ŕp~e' Dnygaà aŔaag fov koŔo hofo óè `nja hú|cnvogo aèı} fakpıcav'Kafvn ogòvo} pd}vak ó|nvogn kd`~Ĕ~e |aeag# bnengkngòcnvo kıfcn`ng aga yaĔ pavajcavıga `úg`ócnv' Ba|ıv dcagbaj ı|cav havı obpoavç yacazap hnpovenn faŔca`ıcav"91/&'

_ogn Eabe~` Èncnfo agcapıdv' &Eófavnken|avcavıgıg agıgà fov `njgn aĔaiı zav ı' D aĔaiıgknyocenenyogo `úvp `nja zayonp npeoŔcnvò' F~ zayonpnfakı} hacofa ó|nvo úvpócenyog `nenk oypodv `neoŔpoe'\aeagca `dypcav# ó|nvogo úvpenk# póvfn a}eak oypnòkcnvog`n

aĔaiıg knyocenyo hnvnkpo' Fngoecn eóŔæznvn nppocnv' \abovng o|ogznvenòe aea# fng hoppokpng ydgva focòĔogo| hofo a}ıgı|`nòe' Hoppokpng ydgva d aĔaiı knyeoŔcnv# npvaj ı `~zav a}ı}ó|nvogo úvpeóŔcnv' Eófavnk kafovcnvo vıbpıe ó|nvog`n zn paŔpagoò' D aĔaè ngo`ng èıkeıŔ fóóeóŔpó' Pa}pa|n zn nenŔoc~|aı} ho`nv' Hanp hó|nc' Gn hógnŔ `dk~g~v# gn `nbaza&"96/'

Cæeoç# Neov F~bavç(gog ~y~c zn pnvfon pav|ıgıg Ŕ~nyaycava aag`ıĔıgı focòvodv &A|çenpn àagag aenc# yûvnpopnvk# bajç |okvn `nzae# ydbfnp# ~|cnp# a| kdg~Ŕeak# a| nenk#hnincnvo obæ npenk# hóg`ó|cnvo dv~è p~peak# fo appng ~|ak`~veak# yóggnpn faĔcageak# Bakk(a úgncenk# `ógaàg kacfç vafıpaı knyenk&"99/'

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ŗ~gcav ko ıŔk~gca nĔóc iægcavı |og`nBakkæ f~`~v ko agcav úco`óv òvo `nĔóc

Pæ(apà yagea kngòeo húgóc èóg afagà

Æ`ne ò`ókcnvo yógó ocn `nvo `nĔóc

Fn|e%o jngæa zavya hovenĔn boeenppogPnvk op zóiû`~e f~ fngcok nvo nĔóc

Foc o yavæ%ı ıŔkà ynvznvcok oypnng Ynvcnv jo`ç hnvnk ko f~ ynv ynvynvo nĔóc ? Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg

Fncæ%ı ıŔk%ı æv ocn iæg~e eófpncæıeıŔ Húgóc bd` dc gohæv ocn n|nc`ng æŔogæıeıŔ

Bnzæ%ı `dypàg ú|hn gn ynz`æ zavoyn n òcB~à bakkıoèóg agcav bnfæıeıŔ bnfæıeıŔ

E~væ`%ı gnjy dcıgà húgóc nc hofo ncnvkngBnzæ%ı ıyka ncpngenk afny fæ`%ı bnzæıeıŔ

Fn`ng backıca knyvnp`n húgóc Bakk(ıca zab`np`nEó`æe dceak f~ bæcnp`n ainf ú|hn yajæıeıŔ

Vı|æ%ı Bakk(ıca ógæ e~va`ıg ine( ó kay` openk Bapavc~ dc oeoŔ hanp yakıg o òc baæıeıŔ 1= Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg

Gnen hnvnk fngóe focyne f~ back~g k~v~ hazhæyı Faga open| eo æcne`n bneæg dc `dyp ynzàyı

k' 62 a Húgóc zovngcnv dc Ŕaba ó| ~vagcav f~ `nvhæbaGn fakyıg o||ocn iæba opnv agcava Enzcæyı

F~ dcà yng eakæe eng|oc boè oògennyog o òcGn eng|oc`n dc~vyag foc ag~g zav àbo a(cæyı

Fakagcav vû%ı òc`æva gn enc opyóg f~ hóc|ævaĽko æcne`n agcava opnv bóygóg pneæŔæyı

Zoyæcn ovenĔn o iæg p~pac~e dceaa oekæg Húgóc`ng èıka eı fov æg yngóg zayc~g pneæŔæyı 11 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Ióv(a%o pnzbçò gûŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvocKng (ú|ogo enyp ó ynvbdŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvoó

Bak ineæcog`ng húgóc hú|ogo fov æg ıvea~}Bak( ag av~Ĕıg jnvæeûŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvoc

\okv fabvogn pac~} eóypaĔvak ~ bavag dc~}Kng`óo fç%akc ~ fç%bûŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvó

Bnv gnjny`n yıvvocn ó| fog eóbæiæp ncnó}\abovog back oèvn bæeûŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvoc

Fúcn fo|`ng `æoeæ enypægn yú|cnv oŔo`ó} ŗnzkıca `nvaa fog iûŔ ncnng hncyóg fnvoc 16 Jnocæpóg "Jæocæpóg/ Enjæocóg jnocóg "Ja(cóg/



6>8

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

k' 62 f @necnv dc~v ko }æòŔæb dc~vaeYnv%o njcæk`n kócæb dc~vae

G~vcav yaèeak oypnvne hûæHúkcnv óypog`n eobv ó eæb dc~vae

Ióecn æcne hú|óe`n èú}in nhócYag ko fng f~ iobægæ Ŕæb dc~vae

Hæb dc~v koe |ncçc ó bdv ~ bakçvAak acpıgà bæk%o væb dc~vae

Fov gnjny hæjoc dcıiak Bak( ag FaŔàg aaĔa bn} hógæb dc~vae 19 Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Gn kah~ aga koe æg yng dc`~g

Gn hae aga ko hae%bæg yng dc`~g

\obç zavcık ko dkcıkà kdeıŔy~g\obç dkcık k(ag~g zag yng dc`~g

Kae~g~g æg zav æŔıkoav~g cçkĽko æcne`nko æg yng dc`~g

\obç `nzcnp ya(æ`np agcava koeIobægà bæyıc%ı kæg yng dc`~g

F~bævç húgcogo ıŔka zovnc`ng Hoin zó hóg`ó| njkævı yng dc`~g 10 Eópnjæocóg Jnûcóg

F~ iobag jngæ`~v o dyp Kapı fç%fnkæ`~v o dyp k' 6? a Dca òc yngpogcn `æoe

Goèn bdŔ yajæ`~v o dyp

ŗdc úeóv ko yngyó| dc~vKae~yı bnfæ`~v o dyp

Bnzny open| dc iogæga

D à fov bnzæ`~v o `dyp

F~ iobæga fakea| dc koe

Yaga æŔogæ`~v o dyp

Gn dca apæ ~eavyak OŔóeó| bapæ`~v o `dyp @oc ó iægı pnk kafûc op _dc~ga jo`æ`~v o dyp

Ga|av op F~bævo(n koe Kapı eófpncæ`~v o dyp 1> Jnocæpóg Jnocæpóg Jnocóg

Pd}pdc~ Ŕnzkıca enbægncnvóg

Ga(va ~v~} akacav èæk o`ngYahıŔa hncenn çzægncnvóg

ÆŔogæga gn kaàv vne| opyng\nvvnyog p~eaa fçhægncnvóg

Húgcóeo ıŔkıca zçvæg op óhóePdc~`~v hngiocn zçvægncnvóg

ŗne(%o v~byævı húvó} iæg ap~fagFæc ~ }nv`ng hnèn }nvzægncnvoe

Fabv%o ıŔk~gà havçk dceaag~g Ncogn hovn eo óv%`ægncnvóg 1: Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

@dyp dcıga òc ~ iægı goyæv opyne hnvnk

Ióecn f~ zav~eı fov hóg pæv%eæv opyne hnvnk

k' 6? f F~giaàg yakca`~Ĕ~e iæg ~ húgóc nyvævıgı Kacea~} yafv~e iobæga æŔokæv opyne hnvnk

Knyvnp%o nyfæf ocn èóg ko dc zavea|oeoŔ Ióecnyogo paĔı`~} jakv obpoæv opyne hnvnk

H~vfnpoeoŔ `dyp~e èóg f~ dc~g ynveænyo^|cnp o`ó} fng àbo pnvk%o òæv opyne hnvnk

Hopò yafv~e faŔ aè~k çzægnne Ŕoe`ng hovó Goèn ıv|~e hú|cnó} gae~y ~ æv opyne hnvnk 18 Enj(ócó Enjæçcóg Enj(ócó Enjæçcóg

F~ iægı kdeaıgia dc iæg ncn eo hovnv_a `nĔen fncæ ocn iægæg ncn eo hovnv

Zayc~g bnzny o`ngcnv `nv`ógo kaf~c opyóg@nv` dceaıiak òc`n `nveag ncn eo hovnv

Èóg aga húgóc zov`óg hnè oko iobægàg yngDc ævo gn yag~vyıg ncn eo hovnv

OŔk dc`ı èó eobeæg kıc aga jo`æ iæg~gı Fov abo ag~g hofo eobeæg ncn eo hovnv

k' 9= a Zav fngcoĔogo pnvk op k~cc~k dcıgı p~p koeK~c dceaıiak o òc y~cpæg ncn eo hovnv12Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Gn njkæv ko f~ Bak(àg eæyozæ`~vB~à bakkoèóg agcav bn} bnzæ`~v

F~ ógæa goin húgóc zovnyóg

Húgóc koe ag~gocn æŔogæ`~v ]óv eo`óv ıŔkıca b~ebægncnvóg Ainf focyne gnyogn acàg~vcav



6>2

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Y~cav koe f~ iobæga eófpncæ`~v

Iogæg ~ bûvo æŔıkcav agıgàB~à bakkçèóg o |æbo` bnzæ`~v

Yajæ`~v bnv gn koe n`óvynBak(àg NĔnv `nv` oyn `n ag%ı `nzæ`~v

B~à(àg havıyıg ynzò oògenBapæ`~v o húgóc hanp bapæ`~v

FaŔ~g hazhæà`~v y~cpæg oyng `nB~|~v ag~g koe æcne`n hn`æ`~v

Gn hae yaga F~bævç èóg Ŕnjo(óg Ľko æcne neçvo E~ypajæ(`~v 1?

Enjæocóg Jnocæpóg Enjæocóg Jnocóg "Ja(cóg/

Iobag ò`ókcnvo `æv%ı jngæ~eıŔ foc`ókYajæ zó |nzkı ag~g fç%fnkæıeıŔ foc`ók

Pa}~gàg ú|hn gn ynzà ko dca æcne`nAfny bnzæcavıeıŔ bn} bnfæıeıŔ foc`ók

F~ húgcóeó| kae~àg ~|cnp op`óho eó`æe = bd` fov ú|hn ocn æŔogæıeıŔ foc`ókZoyæc%o Ka(fnyo dcıgà hae f~voncnvoKae~yı Envzn bakıoèóg YajæıeıŔ foc`ók

Pavçk%ı ıŔk èó p~`~k encæenpcokoeoŔ

F~ dcà gæe hú|npenk bapæıeıŔ foc`ók6= Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

k' 9= f Nbc%o `ógæ f~ jngæ eóckogn eaĔvûv dceay~gBn `ng dc fç%èævncnv ohng`n enyv~v dceay~g

ŗdc húgóc foc ko Bak ıŔkııca zçvæg dceaa Dc bavæf dcayı kd bnvho| ea(eûv dceay~g

Bnv húvng bnv oŔo`ng Enigûg òó pa(gn ~v~vF~ iobagà koeyn boè ıŔkıca enŔb~v dceay~g

Aky%o v~byæv~g húvó} bneç Ŕn }nvpnz yacacav@æoeæ f~ bægn%o òc goin }óv%gûv dceay~g

Bnv gn inzvóg zavoyn væ|ıae ncn `dyp~e Æyopæg~gàg F~bævç pnk bneæg `ûv dceay~g 61 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæcæpóg Jæocóg

JævoĔ ó æ|æ`n okng fng`%o òc`æv dc`~e@nk `~v~vkng gn ainf fng` ó hovojpæv dc`~e

ŗ~ gnzacav ko ncnv`óe kae~ nccnv ocnHú|cnvóe`ng kae~yı èık`ı zó fç%|æv dc`~e

OŔk ovnc`ng faga f~ oko iobag dc ı bavæeFocógó| `dypcav fng æŔık%ı `ç`æv dc`~e

Gngh ó gæeıg yakcaagcavà èó ıŔk dcea|ıeıŔ Ov| ~ gæeûyı kd`~e nc`ng ó fç%æv dc`~e Ióecn æcne faga aĔæv dca hae oen|ne Bae`ócoccab bncn fng ıŔk~g ocn æv dc`~e 66 Enjæçcóg Enjæocóg Enjæçcóg Enjæocóg

k' 91 a F~ æŔıkcık eı`~v n òc eabaffnp fúcn eo dc~vAgı iægàg ynzngcnv`n a bæcnc fúcn eo dc~vBnzæocn bnzny bæcóg iobæg jokvo`óv nŔhæcóg]nvç Ŕæg ióecn abzæcóg ofæ`np fúcn eo dc~v

ĽŔóg póc%o nenc jokvo húgóc`ng èık`ı Bak |okvoBoè ~pagea| eıyıg Bak(àg jnvæhap fúcn eo dc~v

@óvoŔ`óg |okv%o Enzcæ(a hovoc pac`~g f~ `ógæaBak(a pæcof dcagcavà bakçkap fúcn eo dc~v

Èó húgóc Bakk(ı |okv ncnv a agà eæyozæ gncnvAinf yng goin yæcokyog pavçkap fúcn eo dc~v

ĽŔóg æ hajcnp ~b~yı abd` f~ `ógn kah~yı Kae æv ~ kagı havnp a boeenp fúcn eo dc~v

F~ back oèvn a`~g yûjç èıkav`~g i~ffn%o yûj ı Kagı |ób` ó kagı pakzæ a pæ(ap fúcn eo dc~v 69 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Bak vı|æyı`~v fo|óe eakyû`~e~|Agàg avp~k dk `~v~v ea(fû`~e~|

Fo| ainf pæiovcnvó| `ógæà koeYapeıŔ~| ea(`ûea bn} enziû`~e~|

k' 91 f Bak focóv ko bnv gnn kı

cyak ga|avAgàg ú|hn dk `~v~v enŔbû`~e~|

Gæv%ı ıŔkıca `~p~Ŕ`~k Ŕúcn koPæ nfn` agav húgóc`n d`~e~|

ĽŔóeó| `æoe Bak(a k~cc~k `~v~v Agàg avp~k dk `~v~v ea(fû`~e~| 60 Jnocæpóg "Jæocæpóg/ Enjæocóg Jnocóg "Ja(cóg/

G(dca avpavya `óg ó hóg æb~eAgy~|ıg ıyka ~Ĕva`ı væb~e

Hopò gæeûy ~ gæe ~ o||np ó iæb

Húvógó| faga g(opò dc Ŕæb~e

AvŔ ~ Kóvyç(n fakıea| aycæ@oc nzo`óv fngóe ga|av%hæb~e

Pnvk ^ dkcık b~|ûgg agcaacı Faga iæb dc ı o||ocn iæb~e

F~ jovæka F~bævç yafv o`nen|Dc havçfo nyovhn Accæb(~e



6>?

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

6> Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg Hæb dc~} bacznp oypnv húgcóeó| Backàg bn} ~|cnp oypnv húgcóeó|

Bnv koeo húvynk bneæg zabŔ ç hofo

Kaè~} agàg zabŔnp oypnv húgcóeó|

Hæb dc~} bac kıca o`ó} obpocacKnyvnp oèvn zab`np oypnv húgcóeó|

Hæb ıŔk ~ hæb Ŕnzk ~ hæb |nzkHæb `nv` ó eobgnp oypnv húgcóeó|

Fnv%kavæv dcea| oeoŔ abzæc%o ıŔk @óvcó `óvcó bæcnp oypnv húgcóeó| 6: Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

NŔoĔóg`ng ú|hn kagà zavaıeYngo kd~} æ koen aczavaıe

k' 96 a _æ ocæbç yng nyovhn fngo koeFov |açj ó æio| ^ fç%èævnoe

Fov aga gnjyóe ènknv fov aga ıŔkF~ avacıkà kapı æzævnoe

Ľ òvçhæ gnjy ncog`ng húgcóeoFocoen| ko goinyo k~vpavaıe

Yaga `~p`~e ó|óeo æ Vaffngæ Yngo kd~} æ koen aczavaıe 68 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Pæ n|nc`ng iæga ıŔk~g Ŕúcn pn(yçv ncnòFng |a(çjo àbı oĔop dcea`ıg }çv ncnò

F~ ık~k húgcóe ogn fov hngin p~Ŕ dceıŔ hofoKoe baæcóg `æoe dc zçvægn`n ov ncnò

Bóke%o Bak(`~v nŔoĔóg`ng fúcn `ûv o`ng fngoYagea f~ fçèævno ya(og`n pakyçv ncnò

Fov gnjny yng`ng ió`æ dceak e~bæc oò fagaÈævn gn èóg Bak n|nc`n fúcn pak`çv ncnò

Bae`ócoccab f~(`%ı y~g dc~ga eægo( `nhóc

Kdea `æoe nc`ng dc pnckogo koe }çv ncnò GakŔofngòn n`æyıgà f~hóg fov yokkn kdvGakŔ%ı ævo bnv òcóg cnzbog`n payzçv ncnò

Kd F~bævç àoeç pn`fov ka|aa zov vı|æ Zav eı fov pn`fçv koe pak`çvo paĔçv ncnò 62 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

k'96 f Hnc fnvoc bn eófpncæ dcag húgóc

FaŔàg aaĔa fncæ dcag húgóc

Iæg~ea |okv%o yaja dcag húgócV~b~ea jokv%o hı`æ dcag húgóc

Gæhnbægç `dcag~fag æ`à@oc%vófæyıgàg ió`æ dcag húgóc

Yúcn f~ h~vfnp`n abzæcóg gn`óvBn yú|o `nv`n `nzæ dcag húgóc

Èú}n yaea~} iobæg~g fnĔcohogĽbpoæv ocn hn`æ dcag húgóc

OŔk dcıgà ho`ng pæcofcnvnĽ|o pd|ı pûpoæ dcag húgóc

_æ` dc~vya ióecn æcne`ng gn hae Ag~gıca æŔogæ dcag húgóc 6? Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Kıc`ı fov ævn fngo Ŕn`æ húgócBægóeægae ncnò aĔea húgócKoeyn openò faga occæ húgócBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

Hæb |æbo`yog hnbç enypægnyogHæb ækoc hnb kapı `çzægnyogÈævn dk`~v yaga ko ~ycagayıgBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

Fov gohæva fo|o enjpûg ncn`ógKagcav aĔcap`~g iohnv bóg ncn`ógA`~e~| back oèvn Enigûg ncnóBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

ŗnzkıca æcnecnvn pdc`~g ogn@nk `~v~vkng focen|ne g(dc`~g ognZavıya yng ıŔka p~Ŕ dc`~g ognBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

_ocn zov`óg f~ bnzæà zav~e~|_ovn èac`~g gae~y ocn æv~e~|Æcnen knŔj ncn`óg nyvæv~e~|Bn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

k' 99 a Ncnòg fo|o encæenp occnvnBıveng%o gæeûyı yaè`~g occnvnDc~fag `çzægn `óŔ`óg òccnvn

Bn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

OŔk%ı ævn fo|o eobeæg ncn`ógĽŔóeó| njhæg ~ gæcæg ncn`ógBæcóeó| òccnv`n `nypæg ncn`ógBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

ŗ ç Ŕn%o yafg ovn èac`~g hovocOŔk ya|ıgı ncn ac ıe hovocÆcnen æzæ|cav yac`~g hovó



6:=

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Bn húgóc Ŕnò húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

Goènn nk f~ bnzæocn bnznyŗoeò`ng hovó ~Ŕag zakp dc`ı }nyF~ gohæv~gı nyçvhn fov gnjnyBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

ŗo(ovo ncjæ|ı kd knyf ncn bæc

Nbc%o bæc dc goin fov f~ kçc ~ kæcKæc`nko oò yaga fúcn kacBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc

Bakk(a enŔhûc dc opnv cæj ncnhocEæyozæàg zæ| hnc yæj ncnhocFúcn e(dc~v pæcof ogyaj ncnhocBn húgóc Ŕn`æ húgóc vóyzæ húgóc9=Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg JæocógBoeenpógo ncnó} acæ húgócBak ineæcog ncnò ynz`æ húgócF~ iobæga fakea ı aycæ húgócBn húgóc ægæ húgóc fçgæ húgóc

Hajcnp oèvn kacea~} aè`~g hú|ógEæyozæàg ióecn kny`óg kng`ú|ógBak Pa(æcæ(àg aga p~p`~g ó|ógBn húgóc ægæ húgóc fçgæ húgóc

Èógkó húven`óg fnkæyıg æcneógBn} kd`~g |nzk ~ yajæyıg æcneóg

k'99 f Za gn bdŔ p~`~g jngæyıg æcneógBn húgóc `ægæ húgóc fçgæ húgóc

Góv%ı Bak(àg ncnó} k~bc%ı fayavHav%ı Bakk(a kıcea`~g kap(æ ga|avHovó ayc~gàg aga op`óg hó|nv

Bn húgóc `ægæ húgóc fçgæ húgóc

@óg ^ hóg Bak dcıga ya( ncn`ógBnv bnzæàg gnjyógo gnb ncn`ógAkıca ~`~g gn bdŔ vn( ncn`ógBn húgóc `ægæ húgóc fçgæ húgóc91Jnûcóg Jnócóg Jnûcóg Jnûc

Hú|óg aè hú|óg ióecn nŔaa fakKo dk gnygn occæ |~bûvæp%ı Bak

Hnc oènvó hov Bakk(ı oypnvoyng_afagà avaea `nĔóc`óv ıvak

ŗ~ koe gûv%ı Bak(àg gayçfo dcaF~ yú|óg npnv aga `nvy ^ ynfak

Kd Ŕo(vo F~bævç baeûŔ dc baeûŔ _dc ~|ak`~v ~|ak avak húv avak

NĔnv yæcokoyng kagı a pacnfNĔnv zæyıcıyag gn`óv f~ kacak96Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Inggnpn open bnzny |æbo` bnzæàg zæ| hncEnv` oyng dc pæcof%o Bak eæyozæàg zæ| hnc

Bak(àg avp~k húgcógn bnv gn hncóvyn gnj kıcHavı jokvo kd afny eæcob~cæàg zæ| hnc

Bnv aenc`n Bak vı|æyıg hú|cn agiak havı kdk 90 a ĽŔóg obcæyıca kıc Ŕovk ó voæàg zæ| hnc

Bak dcıgà obpocæp%ı back ıvav èógkoe yngoIóecnyog`ng ~|cnp op bn} æŔogæàg zæ| hnc

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Hú|`ng húpóv èóg yng dc gokæfı Gncnv ava ov`n png boiæfı

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BæŔæ ko F~bæı ç dca eabvûeÈóg yaga`~v ag~g ogpoyæfı 90Eóypnj( ocóg Eóypnj( ocóg

OŔk~g faga bæ`ç npnvHavı gnen hnvnk fngcoe

Dc bne hae%ı Ŕæ`ç npnvHavı gnen hnvnk fngóe

Yageag knvæenp oypnvne_æ óvcó bæcnp oypnvneFng æŔıkae |æp oypnvneHavı gnen hnvnk fngcoe

OŔk~g dcac(àg eæneó|

Húkcnvn `óŔò yæneó|

Zayc~g ~v~v ynv%eæneó|

Havo gnen hnvnk fngóe

k' 90 f Èık ı hú|óe`ng f~ iobægFov`óv faga ayyı |oægOŔk dc`ı nĔcngine bneægHavı gnen hnvnk fngóeOŔk~g faga dc húypnvóvHæb yaĔ ~ hæb ydc húypnvóvPdĔg dcı dc húypnvóvHag gnen hnvnk fngóe



6:1

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

OŔk~g faga eóvŔo` npnv

ĽŔkıca iæg yaga opnv

Ag~gıca bnv faŔ fopnv

Havı gnen hnvnk fngóe

OŔk~g o`óĔóe }çv oeoŔ ŗnbó(Ŕ%Ŕóób dc eçv oeoŔ Èóg okoyo n fov oeoŔ Havı gnen hnvnk fngcoe9>Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

@oc ó iæg hú|ogo iægægàgıveaÚgógo ydg~gı aycæ kaıvea

Ga|av kıc yng`n dĔıya f~ bæcnpGakıŔfngòn(góg dcıga hoven9:Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Acac(àg fnvó bdiagàg ynfakHovojpæv%ı Bak(ae hovojpæv%ı Bak

Fngóe bæcóeo focenk oypnvoyngJnvæynp hú|oocn ó|óen fak99Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

F~ dcıg koe bnv koŔo à ıg p~aIóecn zagg pnvk o`ó} nc`ng kda

Èıka hú|og`ng ag~g oko iobægBnv oŔo kd~} bneæg ıŔka ~a92

Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

k' 9> a Húgóc`ng |okv ó jokvóg ıvea æ VafFo|n fov havı ynz`æ zoven æ Vaf

Hnvnken| fo|n gn `ógæ gn ~kfæBneæg yng`ng fo|o ıvea æ Vaf9?Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

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k' 9> f Ú|hn ynz`æcavà hnèò úevóeó|K~g hazhæcavà hnèò úevóeó|

Æv|~%ı eagyıf ~ ynz`æ%ı iæbF~ pnenggæcavà hnèò úevóeó|09Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

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Èó akcıca nvopen| f~ kneæcnKd ı akcı zó ıŔka ~`ı ækoc

00Enj( ócó Jæocæpóg Enj( ócó Jæocæpóg

Ya op ko Bak dcıga dceaa gnygn eægo(Ynv%eæn nc`nokng úevóe kıcea |æo(

Av| opyncnv ó knzgo fakea ó|ogn aycæ_ævóe`ng av~hıca |ogbæv dcea kægo(0>Envæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Pavçk%ı ıŔk hænp eóŔkoc agiakF~ dcà oypokæenp eóŔkoc agiak

Zncç jo(1%ióecn bæcnp p~eaeıŔkngK~g |ób`n kagæap eóŔkoc agiak0: Jnocæpóg Enjæocóg Jnocóg "Ja(cóg/

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Húgóc`n eæyozæ jokvo hnvnken|Faga Pagg hnvnk havı hnvnken|0?



6:6

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

Jnocæpóg Jnocæpóg Jnocæpóg Jnocóg

Yng yaga æv dcıhúv koeyn yaga æv dcea| Yng`ng av~hı yaga æv%ı znjæ`æv dcea| >= Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

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Yng focóvyog yng`ng ú|hn koeyn Ŕæb dcea| faga @dyp~e boè yng`ng avp~k koeyn }æòŔæb dcea| faga >6 Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Ainf`óv æŔık~g bæco ainf`óvKo oŔo zó hóio agia pacnf`óv

>9Jnocæpóg Jnocæpóg Ja(cóg

Gn ainf `nv`n ~caŔ`~g o òc Gn ainf fng`n pdcaŔ`~g o òc >0 Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

\okv%o Enzcæ`~v bneç Ŕn }ç Ŕnyo æŔıkcav~gJokv%o Bak`~v æoeæ ng`ç Ŕnyo æŔıkcavıe

>> Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

k' 9: f Bae`ócoccab dk `~v~v ynz`æcav~e

Nkyoco faŔca`ı bn} hazhæcav~e>: Jæocæpóg Jæocæpóg Jæocóg

Bak vı|æyı`~v fo|óe eakyû`~e~| Agàg avp~k dk `~v~v ea(fû`~e~| >8 Enjæçcóg Enjæçcóg Jnûcóg

Iobæg fov eng|oc%o ofvnp`óv o `dypEakæe%ı bavnp ó bayvnp óv o dyp

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Kapı ha``ævn zó enkkævn`óv f~Kapı kappæcn zó ha``ævn`óv f~

Jncnk koen o`óvyn fov kaŔ~k facKopayıca oèóvóv |nbv%o kappæc

Gn`ngcó cæcn koe zav paĔ oèog`nKae~yıg~g kdeıŔ`~v `æĔ oèog`n

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@óknc`óv paĔà cæcn aèıceıŔ _óvnĔo kagı Jnvbæ (~g yaèıceıŔ

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Yaga enc ncn`ókèn èavb%ı ha``æv

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k' 98 a Yaga Ŕnkknv òó y~g`ıĔı yne`óvZnjæcav yag`~Ĕ~g inzv ó yopne`óv

Hnb dc~v húypnvóv æf%ı baæpı Ko oèyng kapvn f~c~vyıg eneæpı

NĔnv y~cpæg o`nvyn yngo pabpaHovoc ncnv apaĔ~g oko pabpa

Bóeæàg ko óinc óv ka``óg aeeæ(Ninc Ŕnbfæ|ıga n`óv ko kdea

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EnĔnv koe ydv`ıcav Gûb Gnfç( ngKo gn húv`óg f~ ógæ%ı `ne`ng

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@oò fov nz `~v~v oko ka}~cı Fncæ zó eobgnp ocn oèo pdcı

Fovog`ng hov`óe ó èık`~e fovog`ngAg~g ba||ıgı aceae boè fovog`ng

]ny oeò oŔ f~ yú| hnvènk`óv o `dypGa|av ncn ga|av húkènk`óv o `dypF~g~g facı fncæ zó Ŕnbò yne`óv\nvo |nbv ó yoeo inzv ó yopne`óv

Kae~ |nzkog`n fov hae dc`ı eó`haeZóiû`ıgà a`ne Ŕæ`ç`n eæpne



6:0

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

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Kngòyog`ng Ydgvako GakŔofngòn E~bopo&# Póvk @oco zn

N`nfoapı @nvhoyo# Ľyp 1?0?# I'OOO# a 19:'6?' Gnjnbap Pnvióenyo# y' >2>; K~jvacı# a'h'e'# y' 19:' B' Húkpóvk#

a'h'e'# y' >=2:' F~ pavob eag|~encnvogog ıŔıgà Neov F~bavobakkıgà Cæeoç Èncnfo(gog ha|nc Ŕnkcog`n 62 en`bonyo "B' FocngF~veadĔc~# F~vyacı Caeoç Èncnfo @ozagı(gàg Ynèencnv# Agk'1?2?# y' 6/ zn Edcca E~va`(ıg à fov en`bonyo f~c~geakpa ıv"Edcca E~va` @ozagı# Ľyp' 16?=; Ú|àeav# a'h'n'# y 1=?/#

9=' Gnjnbap Pnvióenyo# y >20'

91' Gnjnbap Pnvióenyo# y' >29%>20'

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99' Gnjnbap Pnvióenyo# y' >26'

90' E~ypaja Kava# &Edcca ocæbço @aov&# Dyeagcı AvaŔpıveacavı# I'

ZOO%ZOOO' Ľyp 1?22# y' 921; _~g~y Gaò Ú|èncok# Af`~ccab Ľcæbç zn

Enycnk~(p%Pacofçg zn(c%Zæyıcçg# "Ha|o Óg' Ydy' Foc' Ngyp' _ókynk

Coyagy Pn|o/# Agk' 1??='

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&Aben`ó(c%F~bavç Njngò zn Aben`ó(c%F~bavç Pnkknyo&#Ľypagf~c Kócpóv zn Yagap Agyokcd}nòyo# I' O# Ľyp' 1?26'

Fagavcı# Goba Yæeo# Vnyoeco Póvk N`nfoapı Pavobo# I' c#Ľyp1?81'

Favkag# Úenv Cópjo# &Kdcdgo|apúv Póvk @nvzoŔcnvo&#Zakıjcav @nvhoyo# I'OO# Ľyp 1?06'

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6:>

focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

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Kca~y Kvnoynv# Fnvcog 1?2='\avndgn# Pbonvv# &Boypdvon np Ivdaginy `ny `nvzoibnyP~vknypagaoy np cgòngy æ Ľypagf~c&# Agapdcoa Ed`nvga# 11# ]avoy 1??1'



focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

@nvho _aıg ockncnvo

@nvhon húg`nvocng a|ıcavıg faŔka fov nv`n aıgcageıŔ znaaıgcageak ó|nvn húg`nvoceoŔ a à àba úgin kdghvn`n pnfcoĔ zn ú|npoy~g~ce~Ŕ èacıŔeacav dceayı `~v~e~gà# fncovpocenk kdŔ~c~ ocn# _aıg K~v~c~

pavaj ı

gàg ~h~g húvócenyo bacog`n aı

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Húg`nvocng a|ıcav eóekógyn capog bavjcnvocn zn Póvkon Póvkènyocna|ıceacı`ıv' @nĔoŔok acjafn zn òccnv`n "Kovoc# Ava}èa# Javyèa zf'/ húg`nvocnga|ıcav capog bavjcnvogn zn _a|ı K~v~c~ hnvnkco húvóvyn Póvkon Póvkènyognakpavıcaiakpıv'

ŗnkoc# jdpdĔvaj# hvajok# èo|oe zn Ŕneacavıg póeó g~eavacag`ıvıcavak a|ıànvo hncòkèn fncovpocencoòv' Avıia eakacn a|avıgıg a ı# Ŕnkoc g~eavayı#faŔcıĔı# zavya acp a|ıyı a|ıcavak avı fov |avj oèog`n húg`nvocencoòv'

_a|ı k~v~c~ fópóg a|ıcavıg vnàkyodg~g~ zn hnvnk húv`óĔóg`n a|ıàkojokvog fópógcóĔógó fd|eaeak ka`ıca kıyacpıceayıgı a}afocov'

@nvho aıg ockncnvogn ~h~g húg`nvocenng a|ıcav _aıg K~v~c~(gia òkkapnacıgeaaiakpıv'

@nvho`n aıgcagaiak bnv eakacngog a|avıga pncoj óivnpo ú`ngov zn avıia 6a`np óivnpyo| nvho húg`nvocov'

Húg`nvocng a|ıcav aıgcagyıg zna aıgcageayıg a|avcavıga hnvoZnvocen|'

@nvho`n aıgcagag a|ıcavàko húvóŔcnvog ydv~ec~c~Ĕ~ a|avcavıga aoppov'

_a|ı zn jdpdĔvajcav% kagak húypnvocnvnk acıgpı a}ıcafocov'



focoh%1$Fabav‟?:

VNYĽE 1< _nvOė@OV $AĔznvKúó Úgóg`n–Ap― kafavpeacı kdè bnknco'

VNYĽE 6< _nv<

Oė@OV$ Kavakd~gc~Ľcènyog`n nv acagzn ka`ıgcavıgagıyıga `okocngkd~g bnknco

VNYĽE 9< _nv <Oė@OV$ Kavakd~gc~Ľcènyog`n nv acagzn ka`ıgcavıgagıyıga `okocng

kd~g bnknco

turk-moğol Şamanizminin tasavvufi İslam tarikatlari Üzerindeki tesiri (köprülüzade- m. fuad)...

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