Tuyt chiu trong Excel

Trong qu trnh thc hin mt bng tnh, chng ta c th mc phi v s li, hoc c th mc phi nhng sai lm ng ngn, v thng khng ti nhng ci c th gip chng ta x l bng tnh nhanh hn, gn gng hn... Xin hn hnh gii thiu n cc bn cun sch "Mt ngy mt tuyt chiu", lc dch t cun Excel Hacks, ca hai tc gi David v Raina Hawley. Nhng "tuyt chiu" ny s gip bn trnh c nhng li, v lm vic vi bng tnh mt cch c hiu qu hn.

Trc khi ni n cc "tuyt chiu" ca Excel, xin ni s qua mt cht v mt s th thut v quy tc c bn, nhng iu s gip cc bn thc hin nhng "tuyt chiu" c ni n trong cc phn sau cch d dng hn. Excel l mt phn mm bng tnh rt mnh, v bn c th lm c nhng iu khng th tin ni vi n. Nhng khng may, c nhiu ngi thit k bng tnh ca mnh vi qu nhiu s "lo xa", cn thn qu mc cn thit, v lm cho n tr nn phc tp hn l n ng b nh vy. Phn m u ny s mch cho bn mt s th thut v quy tc m nu bn lm theo, bn s thy chng rt hiu qu.

Xin ni thm, tt c cc "chiu" c trnh by sau y, a phn l vit cho Excel 2007. Nu n cng c th p dng cho cc phin bn trc, chng ti s ch thch ngay bn cnh: (Vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, th...)

Quy tc 80/20

C l vic quan trng nht khi thc hin mt bng tnh l dnh mt thi gian nghin cu, xem xt cch b tr d liu, tnh trc nhng vic mnh cn lm. V ng bao gi ngh rng sau khi hon thnh, ti s khng cn phi thm vo cc d liu hoc cc cng thc khc, v bn s lun lm ngc li. iu ny c ngha rng, bn nn dnh khong 80% thi gian ln k hoch cho mt bng tnh v khong 20% thi gian thc hin bng tnh .

Cho d rng, vic ny c v khng cn thit vi nhng bng tnh nh, nhng bo m rng, nu bn quan tm n iu ti va ni trn, th v lu v di, bn s trnh c nhng cc nhc khi phi c phi sa i sa li bng tnh ca mnh, v d dng thc hin c nhng bng tnh ln sau khi dnh cho n mt thi gian ln k hoch thc hin. Nn nh rng, cc bng tnh phi lun mang li cho ngi dng nhng thng tin chnh xc, ch khng phi l thng tin ch chnh xc trong mt trng hp no .

Nhng mo nh v cu trc mt bng tnh

Mt trong nhng li m chng ta hay mc phi khi to mt bng tnh, l chng ta khng thit lp v trnh by d liu "theo ci cch m Excel v cc tnh nng ca n mong i". Sau y l mt s li ph bin chng ta hay mc phi khi thit lp mt bng tnh:

* B tr d liu trong nhiu bng tnh (WorkBook) khc nhau* B tr d liu trong nhiu trang tnh (WorkSheet) khc nhau* B tr d liu trong nhiu bng (Table) khc nhau* C nhng hng trng v ct trng trong khi d liu (database)* B trng nhng c d liu ging nhau (cng chung mt ngy, cng chung mt n v tnh, v.v...)

Ba im u tin trn y ch mun ni n mt iu: Bn nn lun lun c gng gi cc mi lin quan gia cc d liu c lin tc trong cng mt bng d liu. Ti thy rt nhiu cc bng tnh khng c trnh by theo ci quy tc rt n gin ny, v chnh v vy, cc bng tnh khng th tn dng c ti a cc tnh nng mnh m ca Excel nh PivotTable, SubTotal... Bn ch c th s dng cc tnh nng ny khi bn gom ht d liu ca bn vo trong mt bng tht n gin.

Khng phi ngu nhin m Excel c 1.048.567 hng (65.536 hng trong Excel 2003 tr v trc) m li ch c 16.384 ct (256 ct trong Excel 2003 tr v trc). iu ny c ni rng, bn nn thit lp d liu ca mnh vi cc tiu ct nm hng trn cng, v cc d liu c lin quan th nm lin tc bn di tiu ca n. Nu nh bn c nhng d liu c lp li hai ln hoc nhiu ln trong cc hng ca cng mt ct (cc ngy thng, cc loi n v tnh chng hn), bn hy chng li s cm d b trng cc .

Hy c gng sp xp (sort) d liu ca bn bt c khi no c th. Excel c rt nhiu nhng cng c tm kim v tham chiu cng thc, v mt s khng nh trong , i hi d liu phi c sp xp theo mt th t hp l. Vic phn loi cng s gip ch ng k cho tc x l ca mt s cc hm.

Nhng mo nh khi nh dng

Ngoi vic thit k cu trc ca bng tnh cho hp l, vic nh dng cho n cng l mt vn cn bn n. Mc d mt bng tnh nn c nh dng sao cho d c v d theo di, nhng chng ta t khi ngh n vic s dng thi gian cho c hiu qu. Hy lun lun nh dng tht n gin. Rt nhiu ngi lng ph thi gian vo vic nh dng mt bng tnh mc d khng nht thit phi lm nh vy, v chnh iu ny lm nh hng n hiu qu cng vic. Vic thng xuyn p dng nhng nh dng phc tp cho bng tnh cn lm cho n tng kch thc, v cho d bng tnh ca bn c th trng ging nh mt tc phm ngh thut, nhng n li c th l mt ni s hi cho ngi khc. Mt trong nhng kiu phi mu tt nht m bn nn p dng cho mt bng tnh, l mu en, mu trng v mu xm.

Mt gi na, l nn b trng vi hng u tin trn cng (t nht l 3 hng). Nhng hng ny s c dng cho nhng tnh nng nng cao hn v sau, chng hn nh Advanced Filter, hoc dng lm vng iu kin cho cc cng thc x l d liu (DSUM, DMAX, v.v...)

Cng ng quan tm n vic canh l cho d liu. Theo mc nh, Excel canh phi cho nhng d liu kiu s, v canh tri cho nhng d liu kiu text. V l iu tt nht ri, ng thay i n. Nu bn thay i kiu canh l, bn s c th khng xc nh c ngay tc khc rng l d liu kiu s hay d liu kiu text; v n cn c th gy nhm ln cho ngi khc khi tham chiu n mt , v nhiu khi h s tng rng d liu trong l s, nhng tht ra n l text. Nu bn thay i kiu canh l mc nh, bn s b nhc u vi n sau ny. Ch c tiu ca bng tnh l c hng ngoi l m thi.

Ch nh dng cc theo kiu text khi tht s cn thit. Bi v tt c nhng d liu nhp vo trong cc c nh dng trc theo kiu text s b chuyn thnh d liu kiu text, ngay c khi bn ngh rng ci bn nhp vo l d liu kiu s hay d liu kiu ngy thng. V ti t hn na, bt k no cha cng thc tham chiu n mt c nh dng theo kiu text, cng s b nh dng thnh kiu text. Ni chung, bn u c mun nhng cha cng thc li b nh dng theo kiu text, phi khng.

Trn cc (merge cells) cng l mt vn . C mt s cng thc hoc macro khng th chy c vi nhng c trn. Cho nn, thay v trn , bn hy dng chc nng "Center across selection", nm trong Home nhm Alignment. Nhn vo ci mi tn di cng bn phi, s m ra hp thoi Format vi tab Alignment c chn sn. Bn s dng thanh trt dc ca khung Horizontal chn Center Across Selection. Hoc bn cng c th right-click ri chn Format Cells t shortcut menu. Vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, bn m hp thoi ny t menu Format Cells (Ctrl+1).

Nn s dng Center Across Selection thay cho Merge Cells

Nhng mo nh khi dng cng thc

Mt sai lm rt ln khi s dng cng thc l cho n tham chiu n ton b cc ct trong mng d liu. iu ny lm cho Excel phi kim tra hng ngn , nu khng ni l hng triu, chc chn khng b st mt d liu no.

V d, gi s bn c mt mng d liu t A1 n H1000, v bn quyt nh s dng nhng hm tm kim ca Excel trch ra nhng d liu cn thit. Bi v bn cn phi b sung thm d liu vo mng ny, nn chc n, bn to tham chiu trong cng thc n ton b cc hng ca cc ct trong mng ny. Khi , tham chiu ca bn c th s l A:H, hoc c th hn, l A1:H65536. Bn ngh rng lm nh vy th bn s khng lo lng g khi thm d liu vo trong mng.

l mt thi quen v cng tai hi m bn phi lun trnh xa n. Bi n s lm cho bng tnh tr nn ch, thm ch l khng chy ni. Bn vn c th loi b nhng phn khng cn tham chiu ra khi cng thc, m li bo m c nhng d liu mi thm vo s t ng c cp nht trong tham chiu ca cng thc, bng cch dng Table (List trong Excel 2003 tr v trc) hoc s dng cc Name ng.

Mt vn na thng xy ra vi nhng bng tnh ln, m cu hnh my li nh, l Excel tnh ton rt chm khi d liu c cp nht. gii quyt vn ny, bn thng c khuyn l hy chuyn i ch tnh ton ca Excel thnh dng Manual: Nhn vo nt Office gc tri pha trn ca bng tnh, ri chn Excel Options Formulas (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, chn menu Tools Options Calculations), ri chn Manual :

Chn Manual Caculation vi Excel 2007

Chn Manual Caculation vi Excel 2003

Tuy nhin, li khuyn th khng hay cho lm, m ch l mang tnh i ph. Mt bng tnh th bao gi cng c nhng cng thc tnh ton, nu bn ang chy mt bng tnh trong ch tnh ton Manual, c th bn s ch c c nhng thng tin c mm, cha h c cp nht. Nu mun c c thng tin chnh xc, bn phi nhn F9. Nhng, chc chn l khng phi lc no bn cng nh iu ny! Vy bn th cn nhc xem: Nu nh cn thng chn b kt v lm cho chic xe hi ca bn chy chm li, bn s sa li cn thng chn, hay l g b ci thng chn ri tin tng hon ton vo ci thng tay? Ngha l, khi bng tnh ca bn chy chm, bn s sa li cng thc cho n chy nhanh hn, hay l t n vo ch tnh ton bng tay ri c th m lm tip? Hu nh chng ti khng bao gi lm iu ny, nhng rt nhiu ngi khng ngn ngi t bng tnh ca h trong ch tnh ton Manual. Nu nh bn thy rng cn phi t bng tnh ca mnh trong ch tnh ton Manual th mi lm vic c, bn nn suy ngh n vic thit k li bng tnh.

Cng thc mng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn ca vn trn. Chng l mt la chn tt khi tham chiu n nhng ring l. Nhng nu bn dng chng tham chiu n nhng dy d liu ln, th hy s dng chng cng t cng tt. Khi c mt s lng ln cc mng tham chiu n mt dy d liu ln, hiu sut ca bng tnh s b nh hng, i khi n dng hn lun, v bn bt buc phi dng ch tnh ton bng tay.

Excel c nhiu hm chuyn x l nhng d liu ln thay cho cng thc mng, m s c cp n trong chiu th 79: Trnh li #VALUE! khi tnh tng (SUM) hoc m (COUNT) cc . Ngoi ra, trong Excel Help c mt s v d rt hay s gip bn cch dng cng thc trn nhng bng d liu ln trch ra kt qu da theo nhng tiu chun. Hoc bn c th s dng Pivot Table, s c cp n trong phn th 4 ca lot bi ny. Mc d PivotTable th c v phc tp khi bn s dng n ln u tin, nhng chng ti thnh tht khuyn bn hy hc cch s dng n. Mt khi bn lm ch c PivotTable, ngy no bn s t hi rng lm sao ti c th sng m khng c PivotTable!

Trc khi kt thc phn m u, xin ni iu ny: Nu bn chng nh c g (v ti ni nhiu qu), bn ch cn nh mt chuyn thi: Excel s chy tt hn nu tt c cc d liu ca bn c xp lin tc vi nhau trong cng mt bng. N s gip cho bn thc hnh cc chiu sau y mt cch d dng hn.

Trong cc chiu sau y, s c mt s biu tng nm u mi chiu:

* p dng cho tt c cc phin bn ca Excel

* Ch p dng cho Excel 2007

* Ch p dng cho nhng phin bn trc Excel 2007

* Ch p dng cho Excel 2003 v Excel XP

* Ch p dng cho Excel 2000Chiu th 1: Ty bin ca s lm vic ca bng tnh

Excel cho php hin th ng thi nhiu bng tnh v cho php ty bin cch hin th v sp xp chng. Sau khi thit lp cc ty bin, chng ta c th lu thnh mt tp tin workspace (khng gian lm vic) .xlw s dng li sau ny.

i khi khi lm vic trong Excel, bn c th cn phi c nhiu hn mt workbook m trn mn hnh ca bn lm cho n d dng s dng hn hay xem d liu t nhiu bng tnh. Trong bi ny s m t cch thc hin t chc ca s lm vic mt cch gn gn v c t chc.

u tin, bn hy m tt c cc bng tnh m bn cn lm vic:

Vo Office | Open, gi phm Ctrl trong khi chn cc tp tin bng tnh cn m | nhn nt Open m cc tp tin. (E2003: File | Open...).

T ca s lm vic ca mt bng tnh ang m no , chn Windows | View | Arrange All (E2003: Window | Arrange). Nu ty chn Windows of active workbook ang c chn th hy b chn, sau chn kiu sp xp v nhp nt OK.

Nu chn kiu sp xp Tiled (lt gch) th cc ca s lm vic ca bng tnh nh hnh sau:

Nu chn kiu sp xp Horizontal (nm ngang) th cc bng tnh s xp chng ln nhau nh hnh minh ha sau:

Nu chn kiu Vertical (thng ng) th cc bng tnh c sp xp nm cnh nhau nh sau:

Nu chn kiu Cascade (thc nc) th cc bng tnh s xp ln nhau nh hnh minh ha sau

Khi cc ca s bng tnh c sp xp gn gng, bn s rt d dng thao tc v di chuyn d liu gia cc ca s.

s dng li cc thit lp ny sau ny, bn c th lu thnh mt tp tin workspace. Cc bc thc hin nh sau:

Chn ngn View | ti nhm Window chn Save Workspace (E2003: File | Save Workspace) | nhp tn cho workspace ti hp File Name, chn ni lu v nhn nt OK. Tp tin workspace s c phn m rng l .xlw

Mun chuyn i mt bng tnh no v ch ton mn hnh th bn ch cn kch chut hai ln ln thanh Title (tiu ) ca ca s bng tnh . Bn cng c th nhn nt Maximize trn ca s bng tnh hin hnh phng to ca s hoc nhn nt Close ng bng tnh sau khi hon tt cng vic vi ca s .

s dng li khng gian lm vic thit lp trc , bn ch cn m tp tin .xlw va to th giao din lm vic c bn thit lp trc kia s c khi phc. Tt c cc hiu chnh hay cp nht thng tin trong cc bng tnh ca workspace s c Excel nhc nh bn lu li khi bn ra lnh ng workspace.

Nu mi ngy, bn u phi thc hin cc cng vic lp i lp li trn nhiu bng tnh. Ti khuyn bn nn dnh mt t thi gian thit lp cc kiu khng gian lm vic cho cc bng tnh ty thuc vo yu cu tao tc v x l s liu ca chng. Sau , bn ch vic m tp tin .xlw cho kiu khng gian lm vic ph hp vi nhu cu s dng ca bn m khng cn phi tn thi gian sp xp, t chc cc bng tnh cc ln s dng sau.Chiu th 2: Nhp d liu ng thi vo nhiu sheet.

Thng thng ngi dng Excel c nhng d liu mun nhp vo nhiu sheet khc nhau. Bn c th dng cng c Group cc sheet li c th nhp d liu ng thi. Nhng cng c 1 cch khc nhanh chng v linh hot hn nu bn dng vi dng lnh VBA.Nhng phi ni n cng c Group ci nh? Cng c Group dng nhp d liu vo nhiu sheet 1 lc chc c nhiu ngi cha dng n. N dng kt ni cc sheets vi nhau trong phm vi work book.

1. Group cc sheet li bng tay:

nhm cc sheet li, cc bn ch vic click chn sheet th nht, ni bn s nhp liu t bn phm vo, ri va nhn Ctrl, va nhn vo tn nhng sheet khc m bn mun nhp liu ng thi. Khi bn g bt k ci g vo sheet hin hnh, d liu cng s t ng nhp vo cc sheet cn li trong nhm. ip v hon tt nhanh chng (nghe ging 007 nh).

thot khi tnh trng group, bn ch vic hoc click chn 1 sheet khc ngoi nhm, hoc click chut phi ln tn 1 sheet trong nhmbt k, chn Ungroup Sheets. Hon nu bn ch mun g 1 trong s cc sheet ra khi nhm, hy Ctrl click vo tn sheet . Khi 2 hay nhiu sheet Group vi nhau, trn thanh tiu ca Windows s c ch [Group] (tronh ngoc vung). Nhn vo bn c th bit bn vn cn ang trong tnh trng group cc sheets.

Tr khi bn c cp mt sc nh chim ng, hoc bn nh dao co, thng th bn khng n du hiu ny, bn s qun v khng ungroup khi cng vic xong. Chnh v th ti khuyn bn ngay khi thc hin xong thao tc nhp liu hng lot vo cc sheet, phi ungroup chng ngay.

D phng php ny l d nht, nhng c ngha l bn phi nh v nh group v ungoup khi cn, nu khng bn s v tnh ghi ln d liu nhng sheet m bn khng nhn thy trn mn hnh hin thi. Th d nh bn ch mun ghi cng lc d liu vo 1 vng no ca cc bng tnh, cn ngoi vng th d liu cc sheet phi khc nhau. Th nhng khi cc sheet group ri th n c thm quan tm bn ang nhp liu vng no u?

2. Group cc sheet li 1 cch t ng:

Bn c th gii quyt vn trn bng cch dng 1 on code VBA ht sc n gin. on code lm vic c, n phi c t trong cc s kin ca ring sheet no bn mun. vo trang son tho code ca sheet no, th click phi chut vo tn sheet v chn View Code.

Bn c th chn 1 trong cc s kin ca sheet, nhng s kin ch lin quan n sheet nh i chn, thay i ni dung 1 , kch hot sheet, thot khi sheet, thc thi on code VBA ca mnh.

Thng th bn c a thng n trang son tho code ring ca sheet nu bn chn View Code nh trn hng dn. Bn c th kim tra li qu thc n thuc v sheet bn chn hay khng bng cch nhn vo ca s VBA Project bn tri, nu bn thy dng th mc This Workbook Sheetname v 1 sheet ang chn th ng. nu khng bn phi tm ng sheet bn cn v doubled click n.

Trc tin bn phi t name cho vng bn mun nhp d liu trng trong cc sheet, gi s l MyRange.Sau g on code ny vo khung son tho bn phi:

PHP Code:PrivateSubWorksheet_SelectionChange(ByValTargetAsRange) IfNotIntersect(Range("MyRange"),Target)IsNothingThen Sheets(Array("Sheet5","Sheet3","Sheet1")).Select Else Me.Select EndIf EndSub

Trong on code trn, sheet5 c ghi u tin trong mng Array, v bn mun n l sheet m bn s g d liu nhp vo. Bn c th chn nhng sheet khc group chng li bn di sheet5. Sau khi g code xong, hoc nhn nt View Object, hoc nhn nt View Microsoft Excel, hoc nhn Alt- Q, Alt-F11 hoc ng hn ca s VBA tr v mn hnh Excel. Lu bng tnh li.

nh di y c chnh sa kch c. Hy click vo y xem ton b nh. nh gc c kch thc 762x312.

Cn nhc li rng on code trn phi nm trong sheet c khai bo u tin ca Array, l sheet m bn s nhp d liu t bn phm.

Khi bn hon tt, mi khi bn click chn 1 no trong sheet5, on code s kim tra xem bn chn c nm trong vng t tn MyRange khng. Nu ng, code s Group cc sheet li vi nhau bn nhp d liu hng lot sheets. Nu khng phi, n ungroup chng ra bng cch n gin l kch hot sheet hin hnh. Dng on code trn s tin li ch n gii phng bn khi ci vic phi nh Group khi bt u v UnGroup khi kt thc nhp liu trong vng chn.

By gi nu bn mun nhng d liu nh nhau c nhp vo cc sheet chn, nhng nhng v tr khc nhau, hy dng on code khc:

PHP Code:PrivateSubworksheet_Change(ByValTargetAsRange) IfNotIntersect(Range("MyRange"),Target)IsNothingThen WithRange("MyRange") .CopyDestination:=Sheets("Sheet3").Range("A1") .CopyDestination:=Sheets("Sheet1").Range("D10") EndWith EndIf EndSub

on code ny cng phi c t trong khung son tho ca ring sheet5.

on code ny hot ng khc vi on code trn. Khi bn thay i ni dung ca 1 no , code s xc nh xem hin hnh c nm trong vng "MyRange" hay khng, nu phi th copy nguyn vng "MyRange" (ca sheet5) v paste vo ng thi A1 ca sheet1 v D10 ca sheet2. Ngc li th khng lm g c.

Mong rng tuyt chiu ny gip bn tit kim thi gian v b nh ca chnh bn. Hn gp li ngy mai vi tuyt chiu s 3.Chiu th 3: Ngn chn ngi s dng thc hin mt s hnh ng no nht nh

Mc d Excel c h tr vic bo v cho bng tnh (Protect Sheet, Protect Workbook), nhng cng c th s ny khng bao gm vic ch cho php ngi s dng mt s c quyn hn ch - tr khi bn lm theo nhng chiu sau y.

Bn c th qun l vic tng tc vi cc bng tnh ca bn bng cch gim st v p ng cc s kin. Cc s kin (event), l nhng hnh ng xy ra khi bn lm vic vi cc bng tnh hoc cc Sheet. Nhng s kin ny thng bao gm vic m (open) mt bng tnh, lu (save) n, v ng (close) n. Bn c th bo Excel chy nhng m Visual Basic (macro) mt cch t ng khi xy ra bt k mt trong nhng s kin nh th.

Tuy nhin, bn nn bit rng, ngi s dng c th vt qua tt c nhng m bo v bi Visual Basic bng cch v hiu ha vic thc thi cc macro: Nhn nt Office Excel Opions Trust Center Trust Center Setting Macro Settings [E2003: Tools | Macro | Security]. Nu t mc an ton l Disable all macros with notification [E2003: mc Medium], mi khi m mt bng tnh c cha macro, Excel s xut hin mt hp thng bo v cho php ngi s dng c c hi tt cc macro. Nu t mc an ton l Disable all macros without notification [E2003: mc High], Excel s ngn khng cho chy tt c cc macro c trong bng tnh. Ni cch khc, khi cn phi dng cc macro c trong bng tnh, ngi s dng s chn mt mc an ton thch hp cho php s dng cc macro.

Ngn chn vic lu li bng tnh vi mt tn khc

Bn c th thit lp thuc tnh "Read only" cho bt k mt bng tnh no, bng cch nhn Office Save, nhn nt Tools, chn General Options [E2003: File | Save As | Tools | General Options] v kch hot hp kim Read only recommended. Vic ny ngn chn ngi s dng lu li nhng thay i trn bng tnh, tr phi h lu li bng tnh vi mt tn khc hoc lu vo mt ni khc.

Tuy nhin, c th iu bn mun l khng cho lu li bng tnh ca bn vi tn khc, cng khng cho lu vo mt ni khc. Ni cch khc, bn mun ngi khc ch c th lu li bng tnh ny vi chnh tn gc ca n, ch khng c sao chp n. iu ny c bit hu dng khi c nhiu ngi cng s dng chung mt bng tnh, v bn khng mun trong cng ca mnh y dy nhng bn sao ca bng tnh ny, cho d l vi mt tn khc, hay mt th mc khc.

S kin Before Save m ti sp ni n c t thi Excel 97. ng nh tn gi ca n, s kin ny ch xut hin ngay trc khi bng tnh c lu, cho php bn can thip kp thi vic lu li bng tnh, a ra mt cnh bo, v khng cho Excel lu bng tnh.

Trc khi t thc hin iu ny vo bng tnh, hy chn chn rng bn lu li bng tnh ca bn. Bi v vic a on code sau y vo mt bng tnh cha c lu, c th s gy cho bn nhiu rc ri.

a on code sau vo bng tnh, bn hy chn Develope Visual Basic (hoc nhn Alt+F11), v nhp p chut vo mc ThisWorkbook trong khungProject Explorer. Nu trn Ribbon ca bn khng c mc Develope, bn hy vo trong Excel Options Popular, nh du vo ty chn Show Develope tab in the Ribbon, ri nhn OK. [E2003, nhn phi chut vo biu tng Excel ngay bn tri menu File trn thanh menu, v chn mc View Code, nh minh ha hnh bn di]:nh di y c chnh sa kch c. Hy click vo y xem ton b nh. nh gc c kch thc 602x293.

S dng Quick access menu (trong Excel 2003) nhp code p dng cho workbook

Bn hy nhp on code sau y vo ca s VBE. Sau khi nhp xong, nhn Alt+Q tr v Excel, ri lu li bng tnh:PHP Code:PrivateSubworkbook_BeforeSave(ByValSaveAsUIAsBoolean,_ CancelAsBoolean) DimlReplyAsLong IfSaveAsUI=TrueThen lReply=MsgBox("Sorry,youarenotallowedtosavethisworkbookasanothername."_ &"Doyouwishtosavethisworkbook?",vbQuestion+vbOKCancel) Cancel=(lReply=vbCancel) IfCancel=FalseThenMe.Save Cancel=True EndIf EndSub

Th mt t. Bn nhn Ctrl+S (hoc gi lnh Save) xem. Bng tnh ca bn lu bnh thng. By gi bn nhn F12 (hoc gi lnh Save as), bn s gp mt cnh bo, ni rng bn khng th lu li bng tnh ny di bt k mt tn no khc, tr phi bn v hiu ha cc macro.

Ni thm, khi bn lu mt bng tnh c cha macro hoc code trong Excel 2007, bn s c nhc nh rng bn phi lu file dng cho php macro hot ng (macro-enable workbook), c phn m rng l *.xlsm, ch khng th lu dng bnh thng (*.xlsx).

Ngn chn vic in mt bng tnh

i khi bn phi ri bn lm vic i u m qun tt my (chuyn ny l chuyn thng), cho d bn lm cng vic ngn chn vic c ai chp bng tnh ca bn ra ngoi, nh ni trn, c th bn cn lo xa hn, mun rng bng tnh ny cng s khng b in ra khi bn vng mt. Nu tht s bn mun nh vy, bn hy dng s kin Before Print. Hy nhp on code sau trong ca s VBE:PHP Code:PrivateSubworkbook_BeforePrint(CancelAsBoolean) Cancel=True MsgBox"Sorry,youcannotPrintfromthisworkbook",vbInformation EndSub Nhn Ctrl+Q quay v Excel v lu li. T by gi, nu c ai c mun ra lnh in bng tnh ny, s khng c g xy ra. Dng lnh MsgBox on code trn ch l mt ty chn, nhng bn nn s dng n, v t nht th n cng li mt thng tin g , ngi khc s khng tng lm rng my in ca h b h, hoc l chng trnh Excel c li!

Nu bn ch mun ngn chn in mt phn no trong bng tnh, v d khng cho in Sheet1 v Sheet2, bn s dng on code sau:PHP Code:PrivateSubworkbook_BeforePrint(CancelAsBoolean) SelectCaseActiveSheet.Name Case"Sheet1","Sheet2" Cancel=True MsgBox"Sorry,youcannotprintthissheetfromthisworkbook",_ vbInformation EndSelect EndSub D nhin bn c th thm vo bt k Sheet no c trong bng tnh ca bn. Ch vic nhp tn ca n vo trong hng c lnh Case, v tch bit Sheet ny vi Sheet khc bng du phy, v nh nhp tn Sheet trong mt cp du nhy kp. Trong trng hp bn ch mun ngn chn khng cho in mt Sheet m thi, bn ch cn nhp tn ca Sheet (trong cp nhy kp) sau ch Case, v khng cn g du phy.

Ngn chn vic chn thm Sheet vo mt bng tnh

Excel c chc nng Protect Workbook, khng cho php thay i cu trc ca bng tnh nh thm, xa, di chuyn, hay i tn cc Sheet. Tuy nhin, c th bn ch mun ngn chn vic thm Sheet thi, cn nhng vic khc th vn cho php. on code sau y gip bn lm vic :PHP Code:PrivateSubWorkbook_NewSheet(ByValShAsObject) Application.DisplayAlerts=False MsgBox"Sorry,youcannotaddanymoresheetstothisworkbook",_ vbInformation Sh.Delete Application.DisplayAlerts=True EndSub

Khi c ai chn thm mt Sheet mi vo trong bng tnh, trc tin Excel s xut hin hp cnh co: "Xin li, bn khng th thm bt k Sheet no vo trong bng tnh ny", ri ngay lp tc, Excel s xa ci Sheet mi thm vo khi nt OK trong hp cnh bo c nhn. Cng dng ca dng lnh Application.DisplayAlerts = False l khng hin th hp cnh bo xc nhn vic xa mt Sheet no trong Excel.

Mt cch khc ngn chn vic chn thm Sheet vo bng tnh l bn chn Review trn thanh Ribbon, chn lnh Protect Workbook trong nhm Changes, ri chn lnh Protect Structure and Windows [E2003: Tools | Protection | Protect Workbook... nh du kim vo ty chn Structure] v nhn OK (c th t password nu thch). Tuy nhin, nh ni u bi, vic ny s ngn chn ht mi thao tc vi cc Sheet trong bng tnh.

Chiu th 4: Ngn chn cc nhc nh khng cn thit

Exel lun lun cnh bo hoc nhc nh bn xc nhn cc hnh ng v thao tc ca bn. Bi ny s hng dn bn cch loi b cc thng bo hoc nhc nh.

Cc kiu cnh bo m ti cp y chnh l cc cu hi m Excel hi bn c cho macro hot ng hay khng hoc l cc thng bo v cc hnh ng xa mt trang bng tnh. Sau y l mt s loi cnh bo ca Excel:

Thng bo kch hot Macro trong khi trong workbook khng c macro

Li ny pht sinh do bn tng thc hin ghi macro trong workbook, v mc d bn xa tt c cc m lnh macro nhng trong cc ln m workbook sau Excel vn cnh bo bn l trong workbook c cha macro.

* Xa macro: vo ngn Developer | chn Macro | chn cc macro v nhn Delete xa [E2003: Tools | Macro | Macros].* Bn ch nhn c thng bo kch hot macro khi thit lp mc an ton l Disable all macro with notification [E2003: mc Medium].* Nu mc an ton c thit lp l Enable all macors [E2003: mc Low] th cc macro s t ng kch hot m khng c ting ku cnh bo.* Nu mc an ton l Disable all macros without notification [E2003: mc High] th cc macro t ng b kha li khng c php thc thi.

Khi bn ghi mt macro, Excel chn mt module vo cha cc lnh ca bn v cc hm. Vo lc m mt bng tnh, Excel kim tra xem bng tnh c cha module no khng v chng rng hay ang cha cc m lnh. Vic xa cc macro ca bng tnh s xa tt c cc m lnh cha bn trong module m khng xa cc module ging nh vic ung cn lon sa v b li v hp sa vo li t lnh. Do vy, bn cn phi xa i cc module ny theo hng dn sauChn ngn Developer | chn nt Visual Basic ti nhm Code hoc nhn t hp phm ALT+F11 [E2003: Tools | Macro | Visual Basic Editor (VBE) v chn View | Project Explorer].