tuyhw - e-thaksalawa.moe.gov.lk · i tuyhw mrpupau;; topfhl;b juk; 6 (2015 mk; mz;bypue;j...
TRANSCRIPT
i
tuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhW
Mrpupau;; topfhl;b
juk; 6juk; 6juk; 6juk; 6juk; 6(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 Mk; Mz;bypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)
nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;nkhopfs;> khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;QhdgPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
kfufk
=yq;fh
,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk k pd ;dQ ; ry ; :
ii
tuyhW
Mrpupau;; topfhl;b
juk; - 6
Kjyhk; gjpg;G : 2015
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;> k`ufk.
ISBN .........
r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw>
nkhopfs;> khDltpay;> kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk.
,izaj;jsk; : www.nie.lk
kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]
mr;Rg;gjpg;G :
mr;rfk;
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufk
=yq;fh
iii
gzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jpgzpg;;ghsu; ehafk; mtu;fspd; nra;jp
,yq;ifapd; ,ilepiyf; fy;tpapy; Gjpa Nju;r;rp ikag; ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Kjw;fl;lk; 2007 Mk; Mz;L mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUKiwNkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; %yk; ,J mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.Njrpa kl;lj; Nju;r;rpfis mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; Nehf;fpd; mbg;gilapy; Njrpafy;tp Mizf;FOtpd; tpjg;GiufSf;fika mg;NghJ eilKiwapypUe;jcs;slf;fk; rhu;e;j fy;tp Kiwik ,jd; %yk; khw;wpaikf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nju;r;rp ikaf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; fl;l kWrPuikg;ghdJ 2015Mk;Mz;bypUe;J juk; 6> 10 Mfpa tFg;Gf;fSf;F mKy;gLj;jg;glTs;sJ. ,e;Nehf;fj;ij milAk; nghUl;Lj; Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk; Ma;it mbg;gilahff;nfhz;l NgWfisAk; Mu;tyu;fSila gy;NtW MNyhridfisAk;gyjug;gl;ltu; fsplkpUe;Jk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. mtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy;epahag;gLj;jg;gl;lnjhU nrad;Kiwia mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJld; mjw;fikthdghlj;jpl;lq;fisAk; Nkw;gb juq;fSf;fhf tpUj;jp nra;;Js;sJ.
,e;j epahag;gLj;jw; nrad;Kiwapw; fiyj;jpl;l kWrPuikg;gpd; NghJ epiyf;Fj;jhdxUq;fpizg;G Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gl;L> fPopUe;J Nky;Nehf;fpa mZFKiwapy;midj;J ghlq;fSf;Fkhd Nju;r ;rp kl;lq;fs; Kiwikahf tpUj;jpnra;ag;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk;>mbg;gil tplaq;fspypUe;J cau; kl;lj;ij Nehf;fpr;nry;Yk; tifapy; mit xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;Lk; cs;sd. ghl cs;slf;fj;jpw;fhzg;gLk; $wpaJ $wy; kw;Wk; ghl cs;slf;fr; Rik vd;gtw;iw ,opepiyf;F,l;Lr; nry;yTk; khztu; NeakhdJk; eilKiwf;Nfw;wJkhd fiyj;jpl;lnkhd;iwcUthf;Fk; Nehf;fpYk; fpilahd xUq;fpizg;ghdJ gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Mrpupau;fSf;Fj; Njitahd topfhl;ly;fis toq;fTk; ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkplTk;fw;gpf;fTk; nraw;ghLfis Kd;ndLf;fTk; mstPL kw;Wk; kjpg;gPLfisNkw;nfhs;sTk; cjTKfkhf Mrpupau; topfhl;bapw; Gjpa tbtikg;GmwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t; topfhl;ly;fs; Mrpupau;fs; tFg;giwapy; nkd;NkYk;cw;gj;jpj; jpwDs;sJk; tpisjpwd; kpf;fJkhd tifapw; Jyq;Ftjw;F cjTk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; khztu;fsJ Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; tifapw;ju cs;sPLfisAk; Nkyjpf nraw;ghLfisAk; njupT nra;tjpy; Mrpupau;fSf;Fr;Rje;jpuj;ij toq;fpAs;sJ. ,g;Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfs; ghl cs;slf;fr;Rikia tpLj;J> tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;l ghlE}y;fspd; %yk; ghl cs;slf;fj;ijg;g+uzg; gLj;jpAs;sJ. MfNt> Mrpupau;fs; Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bfisg;gad;gLj;Jk; mNjNtis fy;tp ntspaPl;Lj; jpizf;fsj;jpdhw; jahupf;fg;gl;lghlE}y;fisAk; nghUj;jkhd tifapw;; gad;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;.
Mrpupau; ikaf; fy;tp KiwikapypUe;J khztu; ikaf; fy;tp Kiwikf;Fj;jskhw;wk; nra;tJk; NtiyAyfpw;F Vw;w tifapw; nghUj;jkhd kdpj tsq;fistpUj;jp nra;tJk; Njitahd Nju;r;rpfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; ghlrhiyapypUe;JntspNaWk; khztu;fs; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd nraw;ghL rhu;e;jfy;tp Kiwikia tpUj;jp nra;tJk; Nkw;gb epahag;gLj;jg;gl;l ghlj;jpl;lk;kw;Wk; Mrpupau; topfhl;bapd; Gjpa tbtikg;G vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilNehf;fq;fshFk;.
Gjpa Mrpupau; topfhl;bia cUthf;Ftjpw; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j Njrpa fy;tpepWtfj;jpd; fy;tprhu; mYty;fs; rig kw;Wk; Nguit cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk; midj;Jtsthsu;fSf;Fk; vdJ ed;wpfs; cupj;jhfpd;wd.
gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
iv
gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jpgpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafj;jpd; nra;jp
w;wy; vd;gJ gue;J tpupe;J nry;tnjhd;whFk;. mJ tho;f;ifia Nkk;gLj;jTk;
vspikg;gLj;jTk; ty;yJ. kdpjd; fw;Fk; Mw;wypy; cr;r epiyapy; cs;shd;.
kdpj> r%f mgptpUj;jpia ikakhff; nfhz;l xU ehLk; mjd; r%fKk;
mwpthw;wypdhy; ,dq;fz;l> epakkw;wtw;iwf; fistjw;Fk;. ey;ytw;iwg;
gz;gLj;jpg; Gj;Jyifg; gilg;gjw;fhd fUtpaha; miktJ fy;tpahFk;.
fw;wYf;fhfg; ngWkjpkpf;fit vitNah mitAk;> fw;wy; Kiwapay;fSk;
trjpfSk; fy;tpiar; #o cUthjy; Ntz;Lk;. fiyj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lk;>
topfhl;bfs;> trjp nra;Nthu; Nghd;witnay;yhk; ,t;tifapNyNa fy;tpj;Jiwapw;
Nru;e;J nfhs;fpd;wd.
,yq;if> etPd nry;newpfisAk; gz;ila mUQ;nry;tq;fisAk; fyf;fr;
nra;J jkJ fy;tpf;Nfhyj;ij cUthf;fpf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. rkfhyj; NjitfSf;
fika kWrPuikg;GfspD}lhf vl;L Mz;LfSf;nfhUjlit ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gLk;
fiyj;jpl;lj; Jf;Fupa xU fw;wy; tskhf ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y;fs; jahupf;fg;gL
fpd;wd.
ghlf; Fwpf;Nfhs;fspd; xj;jjd;ikia Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; NgZtJ mtrpa
khFk;. vdpDk;> Mrpupau; ife;E}ypw; jug;gl;Ls;s fw;wy; Kiwapay;fs; rw;NwDk;
gprfhJ mr;nrhl;lhfg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupitad;W. ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; Nju;r;rpfs;>Nju;r;rp
kl;lq;fis miltjw;fhfg; ghltplaq;fspd; %yk; fw;ww; NgWfis mz;kpg;gjw;
fhff; fw;wy; Kiwapay;fis Mf;fg+u;tkhdjhf khw;wpaikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhd
Rje;jpuk; trjp nra;J nfhLg;NghUf;F cz;L vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. khztuJ
milTr; rjtPjj;ij caupa kl;lj;jpw;F ,l;Lr; nry;y cjTk; kw;Wk; mjw;fhd
trjpfisr; nra;J nfhLf;Fk; MrpupauJ tfpghfj;jpw;F ce;Jjyspg;gjw;fhfj;
jahupf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mrpupau; ife;E}iy Mrpupau;fs; kl;Lkd;wp khztUk;
ngw;NwhUk; $l gad;gLj;jyhk;. Fwpj;j ghlj;jpd; ghlE}Yf;Fj; Jizahf
mikAk; xU rhjdkhd ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y; kw;WnkhU ghlE}y; md;W
vd;gij mwpe;J ghlE}y;> Mrpupau; ife;E}y; Mfpa ,uz;ilAk; Mrpupau;fs;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
me;je;jg; ghlj;jpd; milT njhlu;gpy;> Njrpa epiyg; guPl;rfu;fshy;
vjpu;ghu;f;fg; ngWk; milTfis> khztu;fs; mile;Js;sduh vd;gJ gw;wpg;
ghlepiwtpy; tFg;giwapy; trjp nra;J nfhLg;gtu;fshy; kjpg;gplg; ngWjy;
Ntz;Lk;. fspg;g+l;lj;jf;f nrOikahd gz;ghl;ilf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd xU
fUtpahf ,t;thrpupau; ife;E}y; mika Ntz;Lnkdg; gpuhu;j;jpf;fpd;Nwd;.
gPlhjpgjp> gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafk;
nkhopfs;>
khDltpay; kw;Wk; r%f tpQ;Qhd gPlk;
v
tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G tsg;gq;fspg;G
,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk;,izg;ghf;fk; ::::: jpUkjp . B. vr;. re;jpkh eprhdp ju;kghy
rpNul;l tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
ghltpla MNyhridghltpla MNyhridghltpla MNyhridghltpla MNyhridghltpla MNyhrid :::::
Nguhrpupau; ,e;jpuhzp Kdrpq;f (Xa;Tepiy)
nfhOk;G gy;fiyf;fofk; (Xa;Tepiy)
Nguhrpupau; uh[; NrhkNjt
fsdp gy;fiyf;fofk;> njhy;nghUspay; gl;lg;gpd;
epWtdk;
Nguhrpupau; gj;krpup fd;dq;fu
= [atu;jdGu gy;fiyf;fofk;
vOj;jhsu; FO - ntspthup :vOj;jhsu; FO - ntspthup :vOj;jhsu; FO - ntspthup :vOj;jhsu; FO - ntspthup :vOj;jhsu; FO - ntspthup :
B. V. V. rpupNrd
Mrpupau; MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;>
jk;Gj;Njfk
vd;. fku;jPd;
Mrpupau; MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;>
nff;fpuhit
Nf. v];. uQ;rdp
Mrpupa MNyhrfu;> tyaf;fy;tp mYtyfk;> n`huiz
lgps;A. V. gparPyp
Mrpupau; Nrit> =uhFy k. k. tp. myt;it
V. ,e;jpuhzp
Mrpupau; Nrit> NaR ghyfu; fd;dpau; klk;> ,uj;jpdGup
vr;. vk;. eypd; gz;lhu
Mrpupau; Nrit> FUtpw;w tpj;jpahyak;> FUtpw;w
vOj;jhsu; FO - cs;thup :vOj;jhsu; FO - cs;thup :vOj;jhsu; FO - cs;thup :vOj;jhsu; FO - cs;thup :vOj;jhsu; FO - cs;thup :
B. vr;. re;jpkh eprhdp ju;kghy
rpNul;l tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
lgps;A. v];. v]; Fztu;jd
cjtp tpupTiuahsu;> r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
vi
Mrpupau; ; topfhl;bMrpupau; ; topfhl;bMrpupau; ; topfhl;bMrpupau; ; topfhl;bMrpupau; ; topfhl;b
gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;
2007 Mk; Mz;L njhlf;fk; ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpy;; ikag;ghlq;
fSs; xd;whf ,Ue;JtUk; tuyhW vDk; ghlk; 2015 Mk; Mz;bYk; mjd;
gpd;dUk; mNjtpjkhf eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;. 6-9 Me;juq;fSf;fhf thunkhd;Wf;F
,uz;L ghlNtisfSk; 10-11 Me;juq;fSf;fhf thunkhd;Wf;F %d;W ghlNtis
fSk;; xJf;fg;l;Ls;sd.
f.ngh.j. rhjhuz jug; guPl;irapy; 10-11 Mk; juq;fSf;Fupa ghlj;jpl;lq;fis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kjpg;gPl;il elj;j vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
6-11 Me;juq;fSf;fhf Nju;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l mZFKiwapd;
gb gpujhdkhf ,Ugj;njhU Nju;r;rpfspd; fPo; tuyhw;Wg;ghlf; fiyj;jpl;lk;
fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. fiyj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf jahupf;fg;
gl;Ls;s ,e;j Mrpupau;; topfhl;b ghlj;jpl;lk;> ghlj;jpl;lj;ij eilKiwg;
gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; vDk; ,uz;L gFjpfisf; nfhz;like;Js;sJ.
‘tuyhW’ vDk; ghlj;jpd; %yk; khztuplj;Nj fl;bnaOg;g vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;
Nju;r;rpfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; NghJ ghlq;fSk; mg;ghlq;fisg; gapYtjw;fhfg;
gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapay;fSk; Kf;fpakhdit. ,J njhu;ghf Mrpupaupd; gzp/
fUkq;fis ,yFgLj;Jk; nghUl;L> ghlj;jpl;lj;jpd; gFjpfs; cs;slq;FkhW
khjpupr; nraw;ghLfs; ,q;F jug;gl;Ls;sd. jkJ Mf;fpay; jpwikfisg; gad;gLj;jp>
tFg;giwj; Njitapd;gb> ,r;nraw;ghLfis NkYk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;tNjhL
Gjpa nraw;ghLfisAk; Mrpupau;fs; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. tuyhW vDk;
,g;ghlj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis milaj;jf;f tifapy; Fiwe;j gl;rk; 50 rjtPjNkDk;
nrad;Kiwr; nraw;ghLfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fw;wy; re;ju;g;1gq;fis
jpl;lkpl;L toq;Ftjd; %yk; ghlq;fisg; gapy;tjpy; khztiu topg;gLj;JtNj
,q;F vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLtjhFk;.
mjw;fika ‘tuyhW’ vDk; ghlj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fis epiwT nra;jthW
Nju;r;rpkpf;f> Gjpa cyFf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd ,sQ; re;jjpapdiu cUthf;Ftjw;F
topfhl;LtNj ,e;j Mrpupau; topfhl;bapd; vjpu;ghu;g;ghFk;. ,J njhlu;ghf cq;fsJ
Mf;fg+u;tkhd fUj;Jf;fisAk; Kd;nkhopTfisAk; vkf;F mDg;gp itf;FkhW
jaTld; Ntz;LfpNwhk;.
vii
nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;
gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;gf;fk;
gzpg;ghsu; ehafjj;jpd; nra;jp i i i
gpujpg; gzpg;ghsu; ehafjj;jpd; nra;jp iv
fiyj;jpl;lf; FO v
Mrpupau;; topfhl;biag; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs; v i
ghlj;jpl;l cs;slf;fk; viii -xxiii
fw;wy; - fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;Fupa topfhl;ly; 1-46
6.1 tuyhW - mwpKfk; 1-6
6.2 Mjp kdpjd; 7-19
6.3 cyfpd; gz;ila ehfupfq;fs; 20-24
6.4 ,yq;ifapy; FbNaw;wq;fs; epWtg;gly; 25-28
6.5 vkJ fPu;j;jpkpf;f muru;fs; 29-46
viii
tuyhW
ghlj;jpl;lk;
juk; 6(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)(2015 ,ypUe;J eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLk;)
r%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiwr%f tpQ;Qhdj;Jiw
Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;Njrpa fy;tp epWtfk;
k`ufkk`ufkk`ufkk`ufkk`ufk
,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if,yq;if
www.nie.lk
ix
mwpKfk;
ekJ ehl;bd; jdpj;Jtj;ij mwpe;J> mijg; ghJfhj;J cyf khw;wq;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;ff; $ba Mw;wy; epiwe;j ehl;Lg;gw;Ws;s
,yq;ifaiu cUthf;Ftij Nehf;fhff; nfhz;L ghlrhiyf; fiyj;jpl;lj;jpd;; fl;lha ghlkhf 2007k; Mz;by; ,Ue;J
tuyhW ghlk;> ghlrhiy kl;lj;jpy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,e;Nehf;fj;jpid NkYk; mh;j;jKs;sjhfr; nraw;gLj;j 2015k; Mz;bypUe;J Gjpa fy;tpr; rPh;jpUj;jj;jpd; %yk; Njrpa
nghJf;Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; kw;Wk; Njrpa nghJ Njh;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ‘tuyhW’ ghlj;jpw;F ,dq;fhzg;gl;l Njh;r;rpfs;
20 I mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L 6 Mk; juj;jpypUe;J 11 Mk; juk; tiuapyhd tuyhW ghlf;fiyj;jpl;lk; Njh;r;rpfis
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
10 Mk; juj;jpw;fhd ,g;ghlj;jpl;lkhdJ mk;Kaw;rpapd; ngWNgwhFk;. 2015k; Mz;bypUe;J 10 Mk; juj;jpy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F
jpl;lkplg;gl;Ls;s ,g;ghlj;jpl;lj;jpy; gjpndhU Njh;r;rpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L gj;J ghl cs;slf;fk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,jd;gb ,yq;ifapd; jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; vkJ ghuk;gupaq;fisAk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; tuyhw;W uPjpahd g+Nfhs Nkk;ghLfs;
vkJ ehl;bd; tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; tha;g;gspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
x
Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;Njrpa ,yf;Ffs;
Njrpa fy;tp KiwikahdJ jdpegu;f;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; nghUj;jkhd ngUk;ghyhd Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F cjtp
nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
fle;j fhyq;fspy; ,yq;ifapd; ngUk;ghyhd fy;tp mwpf;iffSk; Mtzq;fSk; jdpegu; NjitfisAk; Njrpa NjitfisAk;
epiwT nra;tjw;fhf ,yf;Ffis epu;zapj;Js;sd. rkfhy fy;tp mikg;GfspYk; nrad;KiwfspYk; ntspg;gilahff;
fhzg;gLk; gytPdq;fs; fhuzkhf epiyNgWila kdpj tpUj;jpapd; vz;zf;fU jpl;l tuk;gpDs; fy;tpapD}lhf milaf;
$ba gpd;tUk; ,yf;Fj; njhFjpapid Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ.
i. kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; vDk; vz;zfUTf;Fs; Njrpag;gpizg;G> Njrpa KOik> Njrpa xw;Wik> ,zf;fk;>
rkhjhdk; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jy; %yk; ,yq;ifg; gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; fyhrhu NtWghl;bid mq;fPfhpj;jy; %yKk;
Njrj;ijf; fl;b vOg;GjYk; ,yq;ifaH vDk; milahsj;ij Vw;gLj;jYk;.
ii. khw;wKWk; cyfj;jpd; rthy;fSf;Fj; jf;fthW Kfq;nfhLj;jNyhL Njrpa ghuk;ghpaj;jpd; mjp rpwe;j mk;rq;fis
mq;fPfhpj;jYk; NgZjYk;.
iii. kdpj chpikfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;> flikfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHT> xUtH kPJ xUtH nfhz;Ls;s Mo;e;j>
,ilawhj mf;fiwAzHT vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jk; r%f ePjpAk; [dehaf tho;f;ifKiw epakq;fSk; cs;slq;fpa
Rw;whliy cUthf;FjYk; Mjhpj;jYk;.
vi. xUtuJ cs> cly; eyidAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F kjpg;gspg;gij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l epiyNgWila tho;f;iff;
Nfhyj;ijAk; Nkk;gLj;jy;
v. ed;F xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l rkepiy MSikf;Fhpa Mf;f rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> Ma;e;J rpe;jpj;jy;> nghWg;G> tif$wy;
kw;Wk; cld;ghlhd mk;rq;fis tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
xi
v i . . jdpeguJk; Njrj;jpdJk; tho;f;ifj; juj;ijg; Ngh\pf;ff; $baJk; ,yq;ifapd; nghUshjhu mgptpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspf;ff;
$baJkhd Mf;fg; gzpfSf;fhd fy;tpA+l;Ltjd; %yk; kdpjts mgptpUj;jpia Vw;gLj;jy;.
vii. jdpegHfspd; khw;wj;jpw;F Vw;g ,zq;fp thoTk;> khw;wj;ij Kfhik nra;aTk; jahHgLj;jTk; tpiuthf khwptUk;
cyfpy; rpf;fyhdJk;> vjpHghuhjJkhd epiyikfisr; rkhspf;Fk; jifikia tpUj;jp nra;jy;.
viii. ePjp> rkj;Jtk;> gu];gu khpahij vd;gtw;iw mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L rHtNjr rKjhaj;jpy; nfsutkhdNjhH ,lj;ijg;
ngWtjw;Fg; gq;fspf;ff; $ba kdg;ghq;FfisAk; jpwd;fisAk; tsHj;jy;.
(%yk; : Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003)
xii
mbg;gilj; NjHr;rpfsmbg;gilj; NjHr;rpfsmbg;gilj; NjHr;rpfsmbg;gilj; NjHr;rpfsmbg;gilj; NjHr;rpfs;; ;; ;
fy;tpapD}lhf tpUj;jp nra;ag;gLk; gpd;tUk; mbg;gilj; Nju;r;rpfs; Nkw;Fwpj;j Njrpa ,yf;Ffis miltjw;F toptFf;Fk;.
(I) njhlHghly; NjHr;rpfs;
njhlu;ghly; gw;wpa Nju;r;rpfs; ehd;F Jizj; njhFjpfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit. vOj;jwpT> vz;zwpT> rpj;jpu
mwpT> jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik.
vOj;jwpT: ftdkhfr; nrtpkLj;jy;> njspthfg; NgRjy;> fUj;jwpa thrpj;jy;> rupahfTk;> nrk;ikahfTk;
vOJjy;> gad;jUtifahd fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wk;
vz;zwpT: nghUs;> ,lk;> fhyk; vd;gtw;Wf;F vz;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;> vz;Zjy;> fzpj;jy;> xOq;F Kiwahf
msj;jy;
rpj;jpu mwpT: NfhL> cUtk; vd;gtw;wpd; fUkj;ij mwpjy;> tpguq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;> vz;zq;fs; Mfpatw;iw
NfhL> cUtk;> tu;zk; vd;gtw;why; ntspg;gLj;jYk; gjpT nra;jYk;
jfty; njhopDl;gj; jifik:
fdpdp mwpT> fw;wypy;> njhopy; Rw;whlypy;> nrhe;j tho;tpy; jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gq;fisg;
(ICT) gad;gLj;jy;.
(II) MSik tpUj;jp njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
- Mf;fk;> tpupe;j rpe;jid> jw;WzpG> jPu;khdk; vLj;jy;> gpur;rpid tpLtpj;jy;> EZf;fkhd kw;Wk; gFg;gha;Tr; rpe;jid>
mzpapduhfg; gzp nra;jy;> jdpahs; ,iltpidj; njhlu;Gfs;> fz;L gpbj;jYk; fz;lwpjYk; Kjyhd jpwikfs;.
- Neu;ik> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik> kdpj nfsutj;ijf; fz;zpag;gLj;jy; Mfpa tpOkpaq;fs;
- kd vOr;rpfs;> Ez;zwpT
xiii
(III) #oy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
,j;Nju;r;rpfs; #oNyhL njhlu;GWfpd;wd. r%fk;> capupay;> ngsjpfk;
r%fr; #oy;: Njrpa ghuk;gupak; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;T> gd;ikr; r%fj;jpd; mq;fj;jtu;fs; vd;w tifapy; njhlu;GWk;
Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;> gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLk; ePjp> r%fj; njhlu;Gfs;> jdpegu; elj;ijfs;> nghJthdJk; rl;lG+u;tkhdJkhd
rk;gpujhaq;fs;> cupikfs;> nghWg;Gf;fs;> flikfs;> flg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;wpy; mf;fiw
capupay; #oy;: thOk; cyF> kf;fs;> capupay;> #oy; njhFjp - kuq;fs;> fhLfs;> fly;> ePu;> tsp> capupd jhtuk;>
tpyq;F> kdpj tho;T
ngsjpfr; #oy;: ,lk;> rf;jp> vupnghUs;> rlg;nghUs;> nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; mit kdpj tho;f;if> czT> cil>
ciwAs;> Rfhjhuk;> nrsfupak;> Rthrk;> epj;jpiu> ,isg;ghWjy;> Xa;T> fopTfs;> capupd fopTg;
nghUl;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; nfhz;Ls;s njhlu;G gw;wpa tpopg;gzu;Tk;> Ez;Zzu;Tj; jpwd;fSk;
fw;wYf;Fk; Ntiy nra;tjw;Fk;> tho;tjw;Fk; fUtpfisAk; njhopDl;gq;fisAk; gad;gLj;Jk;
jpwd;fSk; ,q;F cs;slf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
(IV).Ntiy cyfj;jpw;F jahH nra;jy; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
mtu;fsJ rf;jpia cr;r epiyf;Ff; nfhz;L tUtjw;Fk; mtu;fsJ Mw;wiyg; Ngh\pg;gjw;Fk; Ntz;ba njhopy;rhu;
jpwd;fs;.
nghUshjhu tpUj;jpf;Fg; gq;fspj;jy;
mtu;fsJ njhopy; tpUg;GfisAk; csr;rhu;GfisAk; fz;lwpjy;
mtu;fsJ Mw;wy;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd Ntiyiaj; njupT nra;jy;
gadspf;ff; $baJk; epiyNgWilaJkhd [PtNdhghaj;jpy; <Lgly;
xiv
(V). rkaKk; xOfyhWk; njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
md;whl tho;f;ifapy; kpfg; nghUj;jkhdtw;iwj; njupT nra;aTk;> ehshe;j tho;f;ifapy; xOf;fnewp> mwnewp> rkanewp
njhlu;ghd elj;ijfisg; nghUj;jKw Nkw;nfhs;sTk; tpOkpaq;fisj; jd;kakhf;fpf; nfhs;sYk; cs;thq;fYk;
(VI). Xa;T Neuj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;> tpisahl;L gw;wpa NjHr;rpfs;
mofpaw; fiyfs;> ,yf;fpak;> tpisahl;L> nka;ty;Yeu; Nghl;bfs;> Xa;T Neug; nghOJNghf;Ffs; kw;Wk; tho;tpd;
Mf;fG+u;tr; nraw;ghLfs; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; ,d;g Efu;r;rp> kfpo;r;rp> kdntOr;rpfs; ,itNghd;w kdpj mDgtq;fs;
(VII) “fw;wYf;Ff; fw;wy;” njhlHghd NjHr;rpfs;
tpiuthf khWfpd;w> rpf;fyhd xUtupy; xUtu; jq;fp epw;fpd;w cynfhd;wpy; xUtu; RahjPdkhff; fw;gjw;fhd typikaspj;jYk;
khw;wpaikf;Fk; nrad;Kiw Clhf khw;wj;jpw;Nfw;g ,aq;fTk; mjid Kfhik nra;aTk; Ntz;ba czu;itAk;
ntw;wpiaAk; ngwr; nra;jy;.
(%yk; : Njrpa fy;tp Mizf;FO mwpf;if - 2003)
xv
tuyhW ghl Nehf;fq;fs;tuyhW ghl Nehf;fq;fs;tuyhW ghl Nehf;fq;fs;tuyhW ghl Nehf;fq;fs;tuyhW ghl Nehf;fq;fs;
6 Mk; juj;jpypUe;J 11 Mk; juk; tiu fiyj;jpl;lj;jpidf; fw;gjd;%yk; fPo;tUk; Nehf;fq;fis khzth;fs;mila KbAk; vd vjph;ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
1. tuyhw;Wg; Nghf;F> tsh;r;rp vd;gd gw;wp tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sy; %yk; tuyhnwq;Fk; epfo;e;j khw;wq;fs;
gw;wp tpsq;fpf;nfhs;sy;;.
2. fle;jfhyk; njhlh;ghf ngWk; tpsf;fj;jpd; %yk; epfo;fhyj;ijg; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sYk; vjph;fhy epiyikfis
mwpe;J nfhs;sYk;.
3. Njrpa jdpj;Jtj;jpid mwpe;J Njrpa ghuk;ghpa mUQ;nrhj;Jf;fisg; ghJfhj;J> ehl;Lg;gw;Ws;s
gpuirfshjy;.
4. Njrpa gpur;rpidfis xg;gPl;L uPjpahf Nehf;Fjy;.
5. Vida fyhr;rhuq;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;.
6. fhy xOq;F> %yhjhu EZfpaha;T> fhuz fhupaj; njhlu;G vd;gd %yk; fl;b vOg;gg;gLk; gFj;jwpT
uPjpahd tpsf;fj;ijAk;; mwpitAk; eilKiw tho;f;iff;fhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;.
7. Kf;fpa tuyhw;W egh;fspd; rhpijfis Kd;khjphpahff; nfhs;sy;.
8. tuyhw;W hPjpahf cyfpy; Vw;gl;l Kf;fpa tsh;r;rpg;Nghf;Ffs; ,e;ehl;;L tuyhw;wpy; Vw;gLj;jpa jhf;fq;fs;
njhlh;ghf tpsq;fp cyfpd; Gjpa Nghf;Ffis vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Mw;wiyg; ngWjy;.
9. fhyk;> ntsp Mfpad njhlh;ghd mbg;gil mwpit tsh;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;.
10. tuyhw;Wj; jfty;fspd; Clhf ,lq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;sy;.
xvi
Njh;r;rpfNjh;r;rpfNjh;r;rpfNjh;r;rpfNjh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWfs ;
tuyhw;iwf; fl;bna
Og;Gtjw;Fg; gad;
gLk; %yhjhuq;
fisf; fw;W
gFj;jwpAk;
rpe;jidia
tpUj;jp nra;J
nfhs;thu;.
1.1 tuyhW vd;gJ
fle;j fhyk;
njhlf;fk;
epfo;fhyk; tiu
kdpjdpd; fijNa
vd vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
1.2 kdpjd;
gad;gLj;jpa
nghUl;fisf;
nfhz;L
tuyhw;iwf;
fl;bnaOg;Gthh;.
1. tuyhw;W mwp ;Kfk;
1.1kdpjdpd; fle;jfhyf; fij
1.2.1 kdpjdpd; fle;jfhyf; fij
apidf; fl;b vOg;Gk; tpjk;
1.2.2 fhyj;ij msj;jy;
04• tuyhW vd;gJ ahJ vd
tpsf;Fthu;.
• tuyhw;wpdhy; $wg;gLtJ
kd pjd pd ; gz ;ila
fijNa vd;gij tpgupg;ghu;.
• %yhjhuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpL
thu;.
• %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L
tuyhw;iw tpsf;Fthu;.
• ntt;NtW Kiwfspy;
fhyj;ij msg;ghu;.
xvii
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;; ;; ; ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWffw;ww;NgWffw;ww;NgWffw;ww;NgWffw;ww;NgWfs;
2.1 #oy; fhuzpfspd ;mbg;gilapy; capupdq;fspd; Njhw ;wk ;kw ;Wk ; kd pjd pd ;Njhw;wj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
2.2 clypd; ,ay;Gfs;khw;wkile;J khdplf;$u ; g ; G e pfo ; e ; jtpjj;jpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthh;.
2.3 ,aw;ifr; #oYf;F,irtilAk ;NghJclypd; ,ay;Gfs;khw;wkilAk; Kiwapid etPd kdpjidmbg;gilahff; nfhz;L njspTgLj;Jthh;.
khdpl tpUj;jpapd;
tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
2. Mjpkdpjd ;2.1 kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;w #oy;
• GtpNjhd;wp ePz;l fhyj;jpd;gpd;du; kdpjd; Njhd;wpaik
• kdpjd ; Njhd ;w Kd;du ;ePupYk; epyj;jpYk; gy;NtWg p u hz pfs ; tho ; e ; jit(glq;fs; %yk;;)
• mg;gpuhzpfs; tho;e;j Afq;fs;
• kdpjd; Njhd;Wtjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jpa #oypd;jd;ik (glq;fs; %yk;)
2.2 cly; ,ay;GfSf;F mikakdpjdJ tpUj;jpg ; Nghf;F(capupdq;fspd; Njhw;wk;> Muk;gkdpjdpy; ,Ue;J etPd kdpjd;tiu - glq;fs; %yk;)
2.3 etPd kdpjd;(Gtpapaw; fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy ; kdpjdpd ; khw ;wq ;fs;(glq;fs; %yk;)
10• Gtp Njhw;wk;ngw;W ePz;lfhyj;jpd; gpd;du; kdpjd;Njhd;wpaikia tpsf;Fthu;.
• kdpjd; Njhd;w Kd;du ;Gy;G+z;LfSk; gpuhzpfSk;Njhd;wpaikia tpgupg;ghu;.
• kdpjd; Njhd;wpa #oiytpsf;Fthu;.
• kdpjf; $u;g;ig tpgupg;ghu;.• kdpjf; $u;g;Gf;Ff; fhuzk;
fhl;Lthu;.• etPd kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;
wik xU ePz;l fhyr; nra;KiwahFk; vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• ntt;NtW #oy; epge;jidfis tpgupg;ghu;.
• ntt;NtW #oy; epge;jidfspd;gb etPd kdpjdpd;clypay;Gfs; NtWgLk;tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
xviii
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fkghl cs;slf;fkghl cs;slf;fkghl cs;slf;fkghl cs;slf;fk ; ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfs;
khdpl tpUj;jpg;Nghf;
fpid fle;j fhy
jfty;fspd; %yk;
fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
2 . 4 Mj pkd pjd ; vj p u ;nfhz;l rthy;fisntw ;w pfz;l Kiwfis tprhupj;jwpe;Jepfo;fhyj;Jld; xg;gpl;L vjph;fhy rthy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;ff;$ba jpwid tpUj;jpnra;Jnfhs;thh;.
3.1 cyfpd; Guhjd ehfup
fq;fis tpsf;Fthh;.
3.2 cyfpy; fhzg;gl;l
Guhjd ehfupfq;f
isAk; kw;Wk; mtw;
wpd; Gtpapay; guk;gyp
idAk; Njrg;glj;jpy;
Fwpg;ghh;.
2.4 kdpjdpd; gz;ghl;Lf; $u;g;G
• Mjp fhy kdpjd; vjpu ;nfhz;l miw$ty;fs;
• miw$ty ;fis vj p u ;
nfhz;l tpjk;
3. cyfpd; Guhjhd ehfupfq;fs ;; ;; ;
3.1.1 cyfpd; gz;il ehfuPfq;fs;
%yk;
ehfupfk; - mwpKfk;
3..2 cyfpd; Guhjd ehfupfq;fs;
• Gtpapay; mikT> fhyg;
gFjpfs;.
10
• Mjpkdpjd; vjpu ;nfhz;lmiw$ty;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• Mjpkdpjd; vjpu ;nfhz;lmiw$ty;fis ntw ;w pnfhz;l tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• gz;ila Kd;khjpupfSf;Fmika jw;fhy miw$ty;fisAk; ntw;wp nfhs;syhk;vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• ehfupfk; vd;gjid tpsf;
Fthu;.
• ehfupfnkhd;wpd; mbg;gil
,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.
• cyfpd; gz;ila ehfupfq;
fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• ehfupfq;fspd; mikitj;
Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpg;ghu;.
• ehfupfq;fs; mike;jpUe;j
,lq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
xix
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fsNjh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;; ;; ; ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; g h l N t is f s ;;;; ;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;
3.3 Guhjhd ehfupfq;
fspd; Nkk;ghl;bd;
Clhf epfo;fhyj;jpw;
fhfg; ngw;Wnfhs;sf;
$ba Kd ;khj p h p
fis vLj ;Jf ;
fhl;Lthh;.
4.1 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;g
FbNaw ;wq ;fs pd ;
guk;giyAk; fhy
ntspg; gy;tifik
iaAk; tpsf;fpf; $W
thh;.
khdpl tpUj;jpapd;
tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
3.3 cyfpd; Guhjhd ehfupfq;fs;
%yk; cyfpw;F chpj;jhfpa
ngWkhdj;njhFjp
(ml;ltiz> glq;fs; %yk;)
4. ,yq;ifapy; FbNaw;wq;fs;
jhgpf;fg;gly;.
4.1 Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;
guk;gy;
• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;
mbg;gil ,ay;Gfs;
• Nkk;gl;l kf;fl; r%fq;
fhzg;gl;lik (glq;fs;
%yk;)
• efuq;fs; Njhd;wpaik
09
• gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd;
Nkk;ghl;il vLj;Jf;fhl;L
thu;.
• ehfupfq;fspd; gz;ilg;
ngUikf;Ff; fhuzq;
fhl;Lthu;.
• gz;ila ehfupfq;fs;
%yk; jw;fhyj;Jf;fhfg;
ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
• FbNaw;wq;fs; guk;gpa
gpuNjrq;fis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
• Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd;
mbg;gil ,ay;Gfisf;
tpsf;Fthu;.
• Mjpkdpjdpd; ,e;ehl;bd;
gy;NtW #oy; tyaq;
fSf;F ,irtile;J
tho;e;jikia tpsf;Fthu;.
xx
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;
5.1.1 gz;Lfhga
,sturd;
; rthy;fis ntw;wp
nfhz;L
murdhfpa
tpjj;ijj;
Njbawpthu;.
5.1.2 gz;Lfhga
kd;ddpd;
nraw;wpwidj;
Njbawpthu;.
5.2.1 ,yq;iff;F
ngsj;j rkak;
; nfhz;L tug;gl;l
ikAk; jhgpf;fg;
gl;likAk; njhlh;
ghf Njtek;gpa jPr
kd;dd; Mw;wpa
Nritia vLj;Jf;
$Wthh;.
5. vkJ fPu;j;jp kpf;f muru;fs;
5.1 gz;Lfhga kd;dd;
5.1.1 rpWguhak;
5.1.2 murdhjy;
murhl;rp
5.2 Njtek;gpajPr kd;dd ;
5.2.1• ,yq;iff;F ngsj;jkjk;
nfhz;L tug;gly;
• ngsj;jrkak; jhgpf;fg;
gly;
03
04
Guhjd ,yq;if
kd;dh;fspd; tho;f;
ifr; rhpijfisAk;
mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa Nritfis
Ak; kjpj;J mth;f
spd; Nkd;ikiaj;
Njbawpthu;.
• gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; ,sk;
guhak; njhlu;ghd jfty;
fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
• gz;Lfhga ,sturd; vjpu;
nfhz;l miw$ty;fis
tpsf;Fthu;.
• miw$ty;fis vjpu;nfhs;
tw;fhf gz;Lfhga kd;d
dpd; tho;f;ifr; rupj;jpuj;
jpypUe;J ngwj;jf;f Kd;
khjpupfis tpsf;Fthu;.
• gz;Lfhga kd;dd; mur
dhdikia tpsf;Fthu;.
• gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; mu
rhl;rpia EZfp Nehf;Fthu;.
• gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; Nkd;
ikf;Ff; fhuzq; fhl;L
thu;.
• ,yq;iff;F ngsj;j rkak;
fpilj;j tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
• ngsj;j rkak; ,yq;ifapy;
jhgpjk; ngw;w tpjj;ij;
tptupg;ghu;.
• Njtdk;gpajPr kd;ddpd;
Nritia tptupg;ghu;.
xxi
Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfghlNtisfghlNtisfghlNtisfghlNtisfs;s;s;s;s;fw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfs;
5 .2 .2xOf ;fg ;gz;Gs ;s
r%fj;jpidf; fl;b
naOg;g> ngsj;j
rkaj;jpdhy; fpilj;j
gq;fspg;G %yk;
; rpwe;j Fzg; gz;G
fis tpUj;jp nra;J
nfhs;thh;.
5.3.1 Jl;lifKD
kd;ddpd;
Nkd;ikia
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
5.3.2Jl;lifKD kd;d
dpd; rkaj;njhz;il
kjpj;J ew;gz;Gfis
elj;ijahf;fpf;
nfhs;tu;.
5.2.2 ngsj;j rkaj;jhy; fpilf;fg;
ngw;w mUk;nghf;fprq;fs;
5.3 Jl;lifKD kd;dd;
5.3.1 ,sikf;fhyk;
• vy;yhs kd;dd;
• fhtd;jp];] kd;ddpd; Nrit
• Jl;lifKD kd;dd; ehl;il
xU Filapd; fPo;f; nfhz;L
tUjy;
5.3.2 tpfhiufs; jhgpj;jik
05
• ngsj;j rkak; %yk;
fpilj;j mUk;nghf;fprq;
fis tpgupg;ghu;.
• xOf;fkpf;f r%fk; fl;b
naOg;gg;gl;l tpj;jij
tpsf;Fthu;.
• jw;fhy ed;kf;fl; r%fj;
Jf;fhf gad;gLj;jj;jf;f
gz;ila Kd;khjpupfisg;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• vy;yhs kd;dd; ey;top;
epd;w tpjj;ij tpgupg;ghu;.
• fhtd;jp];] kd;ddpd;
Nritfis tpgupg;ghu;
• Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd;
Nkd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
• Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd;
rkaj; njhz;il tpgupg;ghu;
• jw;fhy ew;r%fj;Jf;fhfg;
gad;gLj;jj;jf;f gz;ila
Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
xxii
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;fw;ww;NgWfs;
5.4 tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd;
Nkd;ikia kjpj;J
mk;Kd;khjpupfis
elj;ijahf;fpf;
; nfhs;thu;.
5.5 trg kd;ddpd;
nray;jpwid
tpgupg;ghu;.
5.6 kfhNrd kd;ddpd;
Nkd;ikia vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
5.4 tyfk;ghF kd;dd ;
• murdhjy;
• mgafphp tpfhiuiaf;
; fl;Ltpj;jy;
• jphpgplfj;ij EhYUthf;fy;
5.5 trg kd;dd;
• murdhjy;
• nghUshjhu Nritfs;
* ghupa Fsq;fisf; fl;Ltpj;
jik
5.6 kfhNrd kd;dd;
• nghUshjhu Nrit
*ghupa Fsq;fs; fl;Ltpj;jik
• N[j;jtdhuhikiaf; fl;Ltpj;
jik
03
03
03
;• tyfk;ghF kd;dd;
; murdhfpa tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fthu;.
• tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd;
; rkaj; njhz;Lfis
tpgupg;ghu;.
• tyfk ; g hF kd ;dd ;
tho;f;ifr; rupjk; %yk;
ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis
vLj;Jf; fhl;;:Lthu;.
• trg kd;dd; murhl;rp
Vw;wtpjj;ij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
• trg kd;ddpd; Ml;rp
tplaq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
• trg kd;ddpd; nghUsh
jhu Nritfis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
• kfhNrd kd;ddpd; ePug;
ghrdr; Nritia
tpgupg;hu;.
• kfhNrdd pd ; fl ; ll
epu;khzj;Jiwj;
jpwikfis vLj;Jf
fhl;Lthu;.
• kfhNrd kd;ddpd; rkaj;
njhz;Lfis tpsf;Fthu;.
xxiii
Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs;Njh;r;rpfs; Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs;Njh;r;rp kl;lq;fs; ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk;ghl cs;slf;fk; ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;ghlNtisfs;fw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfsfw;ww;NgWfs;
5.7 jhJNrd kd;dd;
Mw;wpa Nritia
tpgupg;ghu;.
5.7 jhJNrd kd;dd;; ;; ;
• murdhjy;
• nghUshjhu Nrit
* ePu;g;ghrdj; Jiwapy;
gq;fspg;G
• mTf;fz rpiyia epu;khzpf;
fr; nra;jik
03• jhJNrd kd;dd; murhl;rp
iag; ngw;w tpjj;ij vLj;
Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
• jhJNrd kd;ddpd; nghU
shjhu eltbf;iffis
tpgupg;ghu;.
• jhJNrd kd;ddpd; rkaj;
njhz;Lfis tpsf;Fthu;.
xxiv
fw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhdfw;wy; fw;gpj;jw; nrad;Kiwf;fhd
mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;mwpTWj;jy;fs;
1
6.1 tuyhW mwpKfk;
tuyhW vd;gJ ahJ? mJ vt;thW fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk;? tuyhw;iwr; Nru;e;j
ePz;l fhyg;gFjpfs; vt;thW msf;fg;gLk;? Mfpa tplaq;fspd;ghy; ,e;j
myfpy; ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nju;r ;rp
tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fg; gad;gLk; %yhjhuq;fisf; fw;W> gFj;jwpAk;
rpe;jidiaAk;> ju;f;fpf;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
6.1 tuyhW vd;gJ fle;j fhyk; njhlf;fk; epfo;fhyk; tiu kdpjdpd; fijNa
vd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
tuyhW vd;gJ ahJ vd tpsf;Fthu;.
tuyhw;wpdhy; $wg;gLtJ kdpjdpd; gz;ila fijNa vd;gij tpgupg;ghu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
1.1 kdpjdpd; fle;jfhyf; fij
- tuyhW vd;gJ gz;ilf;fhyk; njhlf;fk; tho;e;j kdpjupd; fijNa
vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;.
- gz;ilf;fhyk; vd;gJ fle;J nrd;w fhyk; vd;gijAk; mJ Gtpapy;
kdpjd; Njhd;wpa ehspypUe;J New;W tiuapyhd fhy tPr;rhFk; vd;gijAk;
tpsf;Fjy;.
,f;fhyj;Js; kdpjdpd; r%fj; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhs;tjw;
fhfr; nra;j Kaw;rpf;F rkhe;jukhf tuyhW fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; tpjj;ij
vLj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;.
- jw;fhyj;jpy; cs;s vy;yhtw;Wf;Fk; tuyhW cz;L.
- tuyhW kdpjdhy; fl;bnaOg;gg;gLfpd;wikia tpsf;Fjy;.
- Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW tuyhW vd;gJ ahJ> vd;gij tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;tjw;fhf ghlrhiy tuyhW vDk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu vOJjy;.
2
ghlrhiy Muk;gpf;fg;gl;likf;fhd fhuzq;fs;> ghlrhiy Muk;gpg;gjw;fhf
Kd;dpd;W nraw;gl;Nlhu;> Muk;gfhy Mrpupau;fSk; khztu;fSk;>
ghlrhiyapd; tpUj;jp
Muk;gfhy fl;llq;fs; kw;Wk; ghlrhiy mikg;gjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Njhupd;
glq;fs;/ xspg;glq;fisAk; cs;slf;f re;ju;g;gkspAq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
ghlrhiy tuyhw;iwf; fz;lwptjw;Fj; Njitahd %yhjhuq;fs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
ghlrhiyapd; tuyhw;iw tptupg;ghu;.
ghlrhiyia cUthf;Ftjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;Njhiu kjpg;ghu;.
ghlrhiyapdJ tuyhw;wpd; Clhf tuyhW vd;gjd; kdpjd; nra;jitNa
vd;gjw;F rhd;W gfu;thu;.
njspthfTk; Mf;fg+u;tkhfTk; fl;Liuiag; gilg;ghu;.
tFg;gpy; VidNahUld; mwpitg; gfp;u;e;J gupkhwpf; nfhs;thu;.
3
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
1.1 kdpjd; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs;fisf; nfhz;L tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
• %yhjhuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
• %yhjhuq;fisf; nfhz;L tuyhw;iw tpsf;Fthu;.
• ntt;NtW Kiwfspy; fhyj;ij msg;ghu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
1.2 kdpjdpd; fijiaf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; tpjk;
- fle;j fhyq;fspy; kdpjd; nra;jit gw;wp mwpe;Jnfhs;sj; JizahFk;
rhd;Wfis cs;slf;fpaitNa %yhjhuq;fshFk;
- fle;j fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jtw;iw mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F %yhjhuq;fs;
JizahFk;
- tuyhW fw;gjw;fhd %yhjhuq;fs; gy;tifg;gLk;
1. ,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;
- gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; vOjg;gl;l gy;NtW Mtzq;fs;> ehl;lhu; fijfs;>
fpuhkpag; ghlq;fs;.
2. njhy;nghUs; %yhjhuq;fs;
- gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; kdpju; gad;gLj;jpa nghUs;fs;> fUtpfs;> gz;ila
fl;llq;fs;> ehzaq;fs;> kl;ghz;lq;fs;> rpw;gq;fs;> rpiyfs;
Nghd;wit.
• Nkw;gb tplaq;fis cs;slf;FkhW %yhjhuq;fisj; Jizahff; nfhz;L
ml;ltiznahd;iwg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
- ,jid jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf toq;Ff.
- ghlrhiyapd; tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fj; Jizahf mike;j
%yhjhuq;fs; gw;wp khztUld; fye;Jiuahb mtw;iwr; Rz;zg;gyif
apy; Fwpj;jy;.
- ,izg;G - 1 ml;ltiziag; gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujp nra;Jnfhs;sr;
re;ju;g;gkspj;J> Rz;zg;gyifapy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s %yhjhuq;fis
ml;ltizapy; Fwpf;FkhW mwpTWj;Jf.
4
,izg;G - 1
,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs; njhy;nghUs; %yhjhuq;fs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
%yhjhuq;fisg; ngaupLthu;
%yhjhuq;fspd; gy;tifikia tpsf;Fthu;
%yhjhuq;fisf; Jizahff; nfhz;L tuyhw;iwf; fl;bnaOg;Gthu;.
Mrpupau; - khztu; fye;Jiuahlypy; gq;Fgw;Wthu;.
xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,yf;fpa %yhjhuq;fs;> njhy;nghUspay; %yhjhuq;fisf; fhl;Ltjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd glq;fs;
5
1 . 3 fhyj;ij msj;jy;
- jw;fhyj;jpy; gpujhdkhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Mz;L Kiw:
• fpwp];J Mz;L • ngsj;j Mz;L
• rhypyhfd rfhg;jk; • `p[;up Mz;L
- Nkw;gb Mz;L Kiwfspd; Muk;gj;ij tpsf;Fjy;
• fpwp];J Mz;L - ,NaRtpd; gpwg;G
• ngsj;j Mz;L - Gj;jngUkhdpd; gupepu;thzk;
• rhypyhfd - ,e;jpahtpd; Nkw;Fg; gpuNjrj;ij Mz;l nfsjkp
Gj;jpud; rhjfu;d kd;dd; rhf;fpau;fisj; Njhw;
fbj;J mg;gpuNjrj;ij ntw;wpnfhz;likia
epidT$uy;.
• `p[;up Mz;L - K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mtu;fs; kf;fh efupy; ,Ue;J
kjPdh efUf;F nrd;wik.
- fpwp];JTf;F Kd; kw;Wk; fpwp];JTf;Fg; gpd; Mz;Lfis tpsf;Fjy;.
- Nkw;gb Mz;L Kiwfisf; nfhz;L fhyj;ij msf;Fk; tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fjy;.
• fpwp];J Mz;Lf;Fk; ngsj;j Mz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;il
tpsf;Fjy;.
• gy;NtW epfo;Tfis Nkw;gb Mz;L Kiwfspy; fhl;Ljy;.
Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW> gy;NtW epfo;Tfis Nkw;gb Mz;L Kiwfspy;
fhl;Ljy;
,jidj; jdpahu; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
gpd;tUk; epfo;Tfis fpwpj;j Mz;L KiwapYk; ngsj;j Mz;L Kiw
apYk; ̀ p[;up Mz;L KiwapYk;> rhypyhfd rfhg;j KiwapYk; gapw;rpg;
Gj;jfj;jpy; vOJkhW mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
1. fpwp];J ngUkhdpd; gpwg;G - ngsj;j Mz;L Kiwapy;
2. Gj;jngUkhd; gupepu;thzk; ngw;w Mz;L - fpwp];J Mz;L Kiwapy;
3. K`k;kJ egp(]y;) mtu;fs; gpwe;j Mz;L - fpwp];jt Mz;L Kiwapy;
4. ePq;fs; gpwe;j Mz;L - fpwp];J Mz;L Kiwapy;
- ngsj;j Mz;L Kiwapy;
- `p[;up Mz;L Kiwapy;
5. elg;G Mz;L - fpwp];jt rhypyhfd rfhg;j Kiwapy; Mz;L
Kiwapy;
- ngsj;j Mz;L Kiwapy;
- `p[;up Mz;L Kiwapy;
(,jw;fhfg; ghlE}iyg; ghu;f;f) rhypyhfd rfhg;j Kiwapy;
rfhg;jk;
6
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
ntt;NtW Mz;L Kiwfspyike;j ehl;fhl;bfs; (fyz;lu;fs;)
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
fhyj;ij msg;gjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ntt;NtW Mz;L Kiwfisf;
Fwpg;gpLthu;.
fpwp];JTf;F Kd;> fpwp];JTf;Fg;gpd; vd Mz;Lfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; tpjj;ij
tpsf;Fthu;.
fpwp];J Mz;Lf;Fk; ngsj;j Mz;Lf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;il tpsf;Fthu;.
ntt;NtW epfo;Tfis fpwp];J Mz;L KiwapYk; ngsj;j Mz;L KiwapYk;
`p[;up Mz;L KiwapYk; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
VidNahUld; xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;.
7
6.2 Mjpkdpjd;
,w;iwf;F gy gpy;ypad; (Billion) tUlq;fSf;F Kd;du; Gtp Njhd;wp>
gbg;gbahfj; jzpe;J Fspu;r;rpaile;J jpz;k epiyia mile;J capu;r;
#oy; Njhd;wpaJ. Gtp Njhd;wp kpf ePz;lfhyj;jpd; gpd;du; Gy;g+z;Lfs;
Njhd;wpd. Gy;g+z;Lfs;. Njhd;wp kpf ePz;l fhyj;jpd; gpd;du; ePu; tho;
gpuhzpfs;> jiutho; gpuhzpfs; Njhd;wpd. mit Njhd;wp kpf ePz;l
fhyq;fspd; gpd;dNu kdpjd; Njhd;wpdhd;. kdpjd; tho;e;j #oYf;Nfw;g>
kdpjdpd; clypapay;Gfs; khw;wkile;J jw;fhy kdpjd; Njhd;wpaJ tiuahd
fijNa ,e;j myfpy; tptupf;fg;gLfpwJ.
Nju;r ;rp
khdpl tpUj;jpapd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.1 #oy; fhuzpfspd; mbg;gilapy; capupdq;fspd; Njhw;wk; kw;Wk; kdpjdpd;
Njhw;wj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
Gtp Njhw;wk; ngw;W ePz;l fhyj;jpd; gpd;du; kdpjd; Njhd;wpaikia
tpsf;Fthu;.
kdpjd; Njhd;w Kd;du; Gy;g+z;LfSk; gpuhzpfSk; Njhd;wpaikia
tpgupg;ghu;.
kdpjd; Njhd;wpa #oiy tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
2.1 kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;w #oy;.
- kdpjd; Njhd;w Kd;du; cyfpy; fhzg;gl;l epiyik
- Gtpapd; Njhw;wk;
Gtpapd; Njhw;wk; njhlu;ghfg; gy;NtW tpQ;Qhdg+u;tf; fUj;Jf;fs;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sik> njhlf;fj;jpy; mJ kpfr; #lhd jputkhf
,Ue;J gpd;du; gbg;gbahf Fspu;r;rpaile;J jpz;k epiyia mile;J
capupfspd; tho;f;iff;Fg; nghUj;jkhd epiyia mile;jJ.
8
,J kpf ePz;l fhykhf epfo;e;jikia tptupj;jy;
Gtp Njhd;wp kpf ePz;l fhyj;jpd; gpd;du; kdpjd; Njhd;wpaik
• kdpjd; Njhd;w Kd;du;> ePupYk; jiuapYk; tho;e;j gpuhzpfSk; mit
tho;e;j Afq;fSk;.
• ,ad;w msTf;Fg; glq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp ghlj;ij tpsf;Ff.
• Mjpahd capupdq;fs; flypy; Njhd;wpaik
• jdpf;fy capupfs;> flw;fhshd;> GOf;fs;> %l;Lf;fhypfs;> g+r;rpfs;>
<&lfthopfs;> efUapu;fs; vd;wthwhfg; gpupeJ tpUj;jpaile;j
tpjk;.
- kdpjd; Njhd;Wtjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j #oypd; jd;ik
- mjpf Fspu;r;rpahd fhyepiy
- mjpf Fspu;r;rp fhuzkhf ngUk;ghyhd gpuhzpfs; mope;jik
- #lhd fhyepiy Njhd;wpaik.
Nkw;gb ghltplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW gpd;tUk; tplaq;fisf; nfhz;L
Gtp Njhw;wk; ngw;wik> njhlf;fk;> Gy;g+z;L Njhw;wk; ngw;wik> gpuhzpfs;
Njhw;wk; ngw;wik ,Wjpapy; kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik tiuapyhd epfo;Tfs;
gbg;gbahf epfo;e;jik gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ijg; ngWtjw;fhf glj;jpul;bidj;
jahupf;FkhW mwpTWj;jy;.
- FOthff; fye;Jiuahbr; nraw;ghl;il elj;JkhW mwpTWj;Jjy;.
- tFg;G khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J ,izg;G-01
,y; jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuj;ijAk;> ,izg;G - 02 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s
glq;fisAk; FOf;fSf;Fg; gfpu;e;jspj;J nraw;ghl;by; <Lgl topg;
gLj;Jjy;.
- jahupj;j Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; midtUk; ghu;f;fj;jf;fthW Rtu;fspy;
njhq;ftpLq;fs; / xl;Lq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,izg;G 01
9
,izg;G : 01
nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;
Gtp;Njhw;wk; ; Muk;g ildNrhu; kk;kj; kdpjd;
ngwy; tpyq;Ffs; Afk; Afk; Njhw;wk;
ngw;wik
NkNy jug;gl;Ls;s glj;ij gpwp];ly; ml;ilnahd;wpy; my;yJ A3
msTila fljhrpnahd;wpy; xl;bf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. (glq;fs; xl;Ltjw;Fg;
nghUj;jkhd Kiwapy;)
FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; ,t;thwhd ml;ilfisj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
,izg;G - 02 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s glq;fisj; jdpj;jdpahf ntl;bnaLj;J
fhy xOq;F fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; tifapy; ml;ilapy; xl;Lq;fs;.
nraw;ghl;bd; Kbtpy; FO Mf;fj;ij Rtupy; njhq;f tpLq;fs; /xl;Lq;fs;.
>
> > > >
11
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
cyfpy; kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngWtjw;F Kd;du; fhzg;gl;l capu;r;#oiy
tptupg;ghu;.
capu;r;#oiy fhyg;gFjpfSf;F mika tupirg;gLj;Jthu;.
kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;wikahdJ kpf ePz;lfhykhf ,lk;ngw;w gy;NtW
nra;Kiwfspd; tpisthf epfo;e;jikiaf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
FO czu;Tld; nraw;gLthu;.
jfty;fisj; njspthf Kd;itg;ghu;.
12
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.2 clypd; ,ay;Gfs; khw;wkile;J khdplf; $u;g;G epfo;j;j Kiwapid
vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
kdpjf; $u;g;ig tpgupg;ghu;.
kdpjf;; $u;g;Gf;Ff; fhuzq; fhl;Lthu;.
etPd kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;wikahdJ xU ePz;l fhyr; nra;KiwahFk;
vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
2.2 Muk;g kdpjdpd; tpUj;jpg; Nghf;F
- Muk;g kdpjdpd; tpUj;jpg;Nghf;F gpujhdkhf ,uz;L mk;rq;fisf;
nfhz;lJ.
i. clw; $u;g;G
clypay;Gfs; khw;wkiljy;
- jiyNahl;bd; tbtk;
- ,U fhy;fspy; vOe;J epd;W elf;Fk; jpwik
ii. gz;ghl;Lf; $u;g;G (,g;gFjp 2.4 ,y; fye;Jiuahlg;gLk;)
tho;f;ifj; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhs;sypd;gb kdpjdpd;
tpUj;jpg;Nghf;F
- fUtpfs; cw;gj;jp
- #oYf;F ,irtiljy;
- gpur;rpidfs; jPu;j;Jf; nfhs;sy;
- efuq;fs; mikj;Jf; nfhs;sy;
i. clypay;Gfspd;gb kdpjdpd; tpUj;jpg; Nghf;F
,jidg; ghlE}ypy; cs;s glq;fs; %yk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Lf.
- kdpjdpd; KjyhtJ $u;g;Gf; fl;lk;
- xRj;jNyhgpj;jpf;fR vDk; Fuq;F kdpjid mwpKfQ; nra;jy;.
- kdpjdpd; ,uz;lhtJ $u;g;Gf; fl;lk;
- N`hNkh `gpypR
- N`hNkh ,nuf;lR
- N`hNkh epad;ljhnyd;rpR
13
- etPd kdpjd; - N`hNkh Nrgpad;R
- tpUj;jpaile;j %isiaf; nfhz;l kdpjd;
- ,d;iwa cyfpd; xt;nthU kf;fl; gpupTk; N`hNkhNrgpad;R
tifiar; Nru;e;jJ vd;gij tpsf;Fjy;
Nkw;gb ghltplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW kdpjdJ tpUj;jpg; Nghf;fpd; ntt;NtW
fl;llq;fisr; rpj;jpukhf tiujy;.
,jid tFg;giwapy; FOr; nraw;ghlhf Kd;itj;jy;.
kdpjdJ tpUj;jpapy; Fuq;F kdpjd; njhlf;fk; etPd kdpjd; tiuapy;
,lk;ngw;w epfo;Tfisf; fhl;Lk;> nghUj;jkhd rpj;jpuq;fis Kd;itj;J
khztUld; fye;JiuahLjy;.
kdpjdJ tpUj;jpahdJ ePz;lfhykhf ,lk;ngw;w gy;NtW nra;Kiwfspd;
tpisthf epfo;e;jikia tpsf;Fjy;.
khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupj;J ,izg;G-01 ,y;
jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghLfis FOf;fspilNa gfpu;e;jspAq;fs;.
nraw;ghl;bd; Kbtpy;> FO Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;j re;ju;g;g
kspj;jy;.
gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL - kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,izg;G 01
,izg;G : 01
nraw;ghl;Lg; gj;jpuk;
FO - 1 xRj;jNuhNyhgpjpfR> N`hNkh `gpypR
FO - 2 N`hNkh `gpypR> N`hNkh ,nuf;lR
FO - 3 N`hNkh ,nuf;lR> N`hNkh epaz;ljhnyd;rpR
FO - 4 N`hNkh epaz;ljhnyd;rpR> N`hNkh Nrgpad;R
ftdQ; nrYj;j Ntz;ba tplaq;fs;
me;je;j kdpjdpd; njs;sj;njspthd clypay;Gfs; ntspf;fhl;lg;gLk;
tifapy; ,uz;L rpj;jpuq;fisAk; tiuAq;fs;.
tiue;j rpj;jpuj;ijj; Jizahff; nfhz;L me;je;j kdpjdpd; clypay;G
fis tpsf;Fq;fs;.
kdpjdpd; clw;$u;g;igf; fhl;Lk; glq;fs;
14
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
kdpjdpd; tpNrl ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;ngLj;jy;
kdpjdpd; njs;sj;njspthd ,ay;Gfd; ntspg;gLj;JkhW rpj;jpuk; tiujy;
kdpjd; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik ePz;l fbdkhd gazj;jpd; ngWNgwhFk; vdf;
$Wjy;.
$l;lhf Mf;fk; gilj;jy;.
nraw;ghl;il ntw;wpfukhdjhf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd jiyikj;JtNkw;Wr;
nraw;gLthu;.
15
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.3 ,aw;ifr; #oYf;F ,irtilAk; NghJ clypd; ,ay;Gfs; khw;wkilAk;
Kiwapid etPd kdpjid mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L njspTgLj;Jthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 01
fw;ww;NgWfs;
ntt;NtW #oy; epge;jidfis tpgupg;ghu;.
ntt;NtW #oy; epge;jidfspd;gb> etPdkdpjdpd; clypay;Gfs; NtWgLk;
tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
2.3 Gtpapaw; fhuzpfspd;gb kdpjdpd; clypay;Gfs; khw;wkiljy;.,jw;fhf ghlE}ypy; cs;s glq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tpsf;fkspAq;fs;.
- N`hNkh Nrgpad;]; kdpjd; gbg;gbahf cynfq;Fk; gutpaik
- #oy; khw;wq;fs; fhuzkhf kdpjdpd; Gwj;Njhw;wk; khw;wkile;jik.
- clypay;Gfs; khw;wkiltjpy; nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; gy;NtW fhuzpfs;
• #upa ntg;gk; - cyu; gpuNjrq;fs;• Fspu; fhyepiy• kiy> rkntsp
- nkhq;Nfhiyl;L> Nfhf;irl;L> ePf;Nuha;L xRj;jpuhyhapl;L cl;gl
gy;NtW clypay;Gfisf; nfhz;l kdpju;fs;.
- Rw;whly; fhuzpfs; fhuzkhf clypay;GfSk; gz;ghl;L mk;rq;
fSk; NtWgl;lNghjpYk; kdpj ,dk; xNu %yj;jpypUe;J Njhd;wp
epytp tUfpd;wik
,g;ghl tplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW> me;je;j fhyepiy epge;jidfspd; fPo;
ntt;NtW ehLfisr; Nru;e;j kdpjdpd; glq;fisr; Nrfupj;J me;je;j
fhyepiy epge;jidfspd; fPo; kdpjdpd; cly; ,ay;Gfs; khw;wkile;jikia
tpsf;fpf; fhl;Ltjw;fhf glj;jpul;Lg; Gj;jfk; jahupj;jy;.
jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf ,jid toq;Fjy;.
nraw;ghl;ilg; g+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf Vwj;jho xUthu fhy mtfhrk;
toq;Fjy;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
ntt;NtW ehl;L kf;fisf; fhl;Lk; xspg; glq;fs;
16
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Nkw;gb nraw;ghl;by; gpd;tUk; epakq;fspd;gb fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPL nra;Aq;fs;.
ntt;NtW clypay;Gfisf; nfhz;l kdpj tu;f;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtu;.
#oypd; gt;tifikf;F mika kdpjdpd; cUt NtWghl;ilia tpsf;Fthu;.
kdpjd; tbtk; NtWgLk; tpjk; ntspg;gLkhW glg;Gj;jfk; jahupg;ghu;.
glg;Gj;jfj;ij Mf;fg+u;tkhf jahupg;ghu;.
Neuj;ij Kfhik nra;J nfhs;thu;.
17
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
2.4 Mjp kdpjd; vjpu;nfhz;l rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhz;l Kiwfis tprhup;j;
jwpe;J> epfo;fhyj;Jld; xg;gpl;L> vjpu;fhyr; rthy;fis vjpu;nfhs;sf; $ba
jpwid tpUj;jp nra;J nfhs;thu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
Mjpkdpjd; vjpu;nfhz;l miw$ty;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
Mjpkdpjd; vjpu;nfhz;l miw$ty;fis ntw;wp nfhz;l tpjj;ij
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
fle;jfhy Kd;khjpupfSf;F mika jw;fhy miw$ty;fisAk; ntw;wp
nfhs;syhk; vd;gij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
2.4 kdpjdpd; gz;ghl;Lf; $u;g;G
- tho;f;ifj; Njitfis epiwT nra;J nfhz;likf;F mika kdpjdpd;
tpUj;jpg;Nghf;F.
- kdpjDk; ,aw;ifr; #oYk;
kdpjd; vjpu;nfhz;l miw$ty;fSk;
- kdpjd; gad;gLj;jpa fUtpfSf;F mika gpujhdkhd Afq;fs;.
- Kw;fw;fhyk;
- ,ilf; fw;fhyk;
- Gjpa fw;fhyk;
- me;je;j Afj;jpy; mile;j ntw;wpfs;
Nkw;gb ghltplaq;fs; cs;slq;FkhW kdpjdpd; gz;ghl;Lf; $u;g;G njhlu;ghfj;
Njbawpjy;.
,r;nraw;ghl;by; tFg;G khztu; midtiuAk; gq;Fgw;wr; nra;jy;
kdpjdpd; Njitfis epiwT nra;jypd; NghJ Kw;fw;fhyk;> ,ilf;fw;fhyk;>
Gjpa fw;fhyk; vdf; fle;Jte;j me;je;jf; fhyq;fspy; ngw;w ntw;wpfs;
njhlu;ghf khztUld; fye;JiuahLjy;.
,izg;G -01 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuj;jpd;gb nraw;ghl;by;
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
18
,izg;G - 02 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltiziar; Rz;zg; gyifapy; gpujp
nra;J ml;ltizapy; me;je;jf; FOTf;Fupa gFjpiag; g+u;j;jp nra;AkhW
FOTf;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
ml;ltizapy; FiwghLfis eptu;j;jp nra;J ghlj;ij kPsha;T nra;Aq;fs;.
ml;ltizia khztuJ gapw;rpg;Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujp nra;J nfhs;sr; re;ju;g;g
kspAq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,izg;G : 1
nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk;
Kw;fw;fhyk; ,ilf; fw;fhyk; Gjpa fw;fhyk;
fUtpfs; cw;gj;jp nra;jik rpj;jpuk; tiujy; fkk; nra;aj;
njhlq;fpaik
MrpupaUf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:
Nkw;fhl;bathW Afq;fisAk; me;je;j Afj;jpy; ngw;w ntw;wpfisAk;
rPl;Lf;fspy; Fwpj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
tFg;gpy; cs;s khztupd; njhiff;Nfw;g NkYs;s rPl;Lf;fisj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
tFg;gpy; khztu; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; rPl;Lf;fisg; gfpu;e;jspj;J jkf;fpilNa
fye;Jiuahb me;je;j Afk; kw;Wk; me;je;j Afj;jpy; ngw;w ntw;wpfspd;gb>
%d;W njhFjpfshfg; gpupAkhW khztUf;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
Rz;zg;gyifapy; cs;s ml;ltizapy; jkJ FOTf;F cupa fl;lj;ijg;
g+u;j;jp nra;AkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
khztUf;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs;:
Mrpupauplk; rPl;Lf;fisg; ngWq;fs;
rPl;Lf;fspd;gb jkJ FOit ,dq;fz;L mjDld; ,izAq;fs;.
Rz;zg;gyifapy; cs;s ml;ltizapy; cq;fsJ FOTf;Fupa epuiyg;
g+u;j;jp nra;Aq;fs;.
19
,izg;G : 2
Kw;fw;fhyj;jpy; ,ilf; fw;fhyj;jpy; Gjpa fw;fhyj;jpy;
mile;j ntw;wpfs; mile;j ntw;wpfs; mile;j ntw;wpfs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
gpd;tUk; epakq;fisf; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;il elj:jq;fs;.
gad;gLj;jpa fUtpfSf;F mika kdpjd; fle;J te;j Afq;fisf;
Fwpg;gpLthu;.
me;je;j Afj;jpy; kdpjd; mile;j ntw;wpfisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
kdpjd; jdJ Njitfspd;gb #oiy ntw;wp nfhz;l tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
nraY}f;fj;Jld; nraw;gLthu;.
$l;Lzu;Tld; nraw;gLthu;.
20
6.3 cyfpd; Guhjd ehfupfq;fs;
thdu re;jjp topNa Njhd;wpajhff; fUjg;gLk; kdpjd; fhyg;Nghf;fpy;
gbg;gbahf ,d;W fhzg;gLk; tpUj;jpaile;j epiyia vl;bAs;shd;.
mt;thwhd tpUj;jpapd; kpf caupa epiyNa ehfupfk; vdg;gLfpd;wJ.
cyfpd; ntt;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy; tho;e;j kdpjd;> ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy;
ehfupftag;gl;lhd;. ehfupfk; vd;gij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jp ahNjDk; r%fk;
ehfupftag;gl;l epiyia vLj;Jf; fhl;Lk; ,ay;Gfis mwpKfQ; nra;tNjhL
khDl r%fj;jpd; kPJ gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd; gq;fspg;ig tpsf;FtNj
,e;j myfpd; %yk; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nju;r ;rp
3.0 khdpl tpUj;jpg; Nghf;fpid vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
3.1 cyfpd; Guhjd ehfupfq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
ehfupfk; vd;gjid tpsf;Fthu;.
ehfupfnkhd;wpd; mbg;gil ,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
3.1 ehfupfk; - mwpKfk;
- fpuhkpa r%fkhdJ efur; r%fkhf khw;wkiltjd; %yk; ehfupfk;
cUthfpd;wik
- r%fnkhd;W ehfupf tag;gLtjw;F kpf ePz;l fhyk; nry;Yfpd;wik
- gz;ila fpuhkj;Jf;Fk; efuj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;il ,dq;
fhz;gjw;fhfg; gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by; khztiu <LgLj;Jjy;.
,izg;G ,y: 2 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s glq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp>
fpuhkj;Jf;Fk; efuj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapyhd NtWghl;ilf; fye;JiuahLq;fs;.
gz;ilf;fhyj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l> fpuhkq;fs;> efuq;fs; gw;wpf; fye;Jiu
ahLq;fs;.
tFg;G khztiug; nghUj;jkhdthW FOf;fshfg; gpupAq;fs;.
FOTf;F xd;W tPjk; nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; (,izg;G : ,y -1) gpujpfis
toq;Fq;fs;.
21
gz;ila fpuhknkhd;iwAk; gz;ila efunkhd;iwAk; rpj;jpukhf
tiuAkhW mwpTWj;Jq;fs;.
FOtpd; Mf;fq;fis tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
gpd;tUk; epakq;fisf; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;il elj:jq;fs;.
gz;ila fpuhknkhd;wpdJk; efunkhd;wpdJk; ,ay;Gfisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
gz;ila fpuhkj;jpd; Clhf efuk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;likia Vw;W ntspg;
gLj;Jthu;.
Mf;fg+u;tkhfr; rpj;jpuj;ij tiuthu;.
FOtpy; xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLthu;.
Neuj;ij Kfhik nra;J nfhs;thu;
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,izg;G - 1> 2
nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - 1
- gz;ila fpuhknkhd;wpd; ,ay;Gfis ntspf;fhl;Lk; tifapy; rpj;jpunkhd;W
tiuAq;fs;.
- mr;rpj;jpuj;ij tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp tptupAq;fs;.
nraw;ghl;Lg;gj;jpuk; - 2
- gz;ila efunkhd;wpd; ,ay;Gfis ntspf;fhl;Lk; tifapy; rpj;jpunkhd;W
tiuAq;fs;.
- mr;rpj;jpuj;ij tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp tptupAq;fs;.
23
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
3.2 cyfpy; fhzg;gl;l Guhjd ehfupfq;fisAk; mtw;wpd; Gtpapay; guk;giyAk;
Njrg;glj;jpw; Fwpg;ghu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
cyfpd; gz;ila ehfupfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
ehfupfq;fspd; mikitj; Njrg;glnkhd;wpy; Fwpg;ghu;.
ehfupfq;fs; mike;jpUe;j ,lq;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
3.2 cyfpd; Guhjd ehfupfq;fs;
- ntt;NtW fhyq;fspy; ntt;NtW Gapapaw; gpuNjrq;fspy; RahjPdkhf
ehfupfq;fs; tsu;;r;;rpaile;jik
- Guhjd ehfupfq;fs; mtw;wpd; Gtpapay; guk;gy;> fhyg;gFjpfs;
- ehfupfq;fspd; guk;giy Njrg;glq;fspy; fhl;Ljy;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkpl;l ghlj;Jf;Nfw;g Njitahd nghUs;fisj; jahu;gLj;jpf; nfhs;f.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd fw;ww;NgWfis msf;fj;jf;fthW fzpg;gPl;L
epakq;fisj; jahupj;Jf;nfhs;thu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
24
3.3 Guhjd ehfupfq;fspd; Nkk;ghl;bd; Clhf epfo;fhyj;Jf;fhfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;
$ba Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 05
fw;ww;NgWfs;
gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd; Nkk;ghl;il vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ehfupfq;fspd; gz;ilg; ngUikf;Ff; fhuzq;fhl;Lthu;.
gz;ila ehfupfq;fs; %yk; jw;fhyj;Jf;fhf ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f
gz;ila ehfupfq;fspd; Nkk;ghL njhlu;ghf> cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fjy;.
ehfupfq;fspd; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Ljy;.
3.3 Guhjd ehfupfq;fs; %yk; cyFf;F cupj;jhfpa ngWkhdj; njhFjp
RNkupa ehfupfk;
- vOj;Jj;njhFjp
- fl;llq;fs;
- KjyhtJ vOj;J%y rl;lj;njhFjp
- fzpj Kiwfs;
vfpg;jpa ehfupfk;
- g+jTly;fis Ngzpitf;Fk; Kiwfs;
- fy;yiw epu;khzk; (gpukpl;Lf;fs;)
- rpj;jpu vOj;Jg; ghtid
rpe;J ejp ehfupfk;
- efuj;jpl;lk;
- vOj;Jj; njhFjp
- Kiwikahd ePu;tbg;G Kiwfs;
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
ehfupfk; njhlu;ghd Gj;jfq;fs;> glq;fs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww; NgWfis fzpg;gPl;L epakq;fis
jahupj;J Gs;sp toq;Ff.
6.4 ,yq;ifapy; FbNaw;wq;fs; epWtg;gly;
25
,yq;ifapy; Mjp N`hNkhNrg;;gpad; kdpjd; FbNawpaik> ehl;bd;
cl;gpuNjrq;fspy; mtu;fspd; guk;gy;> tho;f;ifKiw Nghd;wit ,q;F
fye;Jiuahlg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nju;r ;rp
khdpl tpUj;jpapd; tsu;r;rpg; Nghf;fpid vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
4.1 ,yq;ifapd; Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;giyAk; mbg;gilj;jd;ikiaf;
fw;W fhy ntspg; gy;tifikiaAk; tpsf;fpf; $Wthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 05
fw;ww;NgWfs;
FbNaw;wq;fs; gutpa gpuNjrq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; mbg;gil ,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.
Mjp kdpjd; ,e;ehl;bd; gy;NtW #oy; tyaq;fSf;F ,irtile;J
tho;e;jikia tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f
4.1 Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fs;
- Muk;gf; FbNaw;wq;fspd; guk;gy;
,w;iwf;F Vwj;jho Xupyl;rj;J Kg;gjhapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du;
MjpN`hNkhNrgpad;]; khdplDld; ,yq;ifapd; njw;Ff; fiuia
mile;jik.
njw;F fiuf;F Nkyjpfkhf> ,yq;ifapd; gy;NtW gpuNjrq;fspy;
guk;gpr; nrd;wikf;fhf rhd;Wfs; fpilj;Js;sik.
MjpkhDldpd; guk;gy; gpujhdkhd %d;W #oy; tyaq;fspy; epfo;e;jik.
guk;gy; gpuNjrq;fs;> jw;NghJ njhy;nghUspay; uPjpapy; guprPyid
nra;ag;gl;l Mjpkdpjdpd; thoplq;fs;
- gl;lnjhk;gnyd Fif
- fpj;Jy;fy Fif
- ghfpad;fy Fif
FbNaw;wq;fspd; jd;ik
26
Muk;gfhy kdpjd; kiof;fhyq;fspy; tho;tjw;fhf fw;Fiffisj;
njupT nra;Jnfhz;lik.
Nfhil fhyq;fspy; jpwe;j ntspapy; Ntl;il epiyaq;fisj; jkJ
thoplkhf;fpf; nfhz;lik.
czT Kiw
• tpyq;F czTfs;
• jhtu czTfs;
njhopDl;gk;
• fy;ypdhyhd rpwpa fUtpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lik
• ek;gpf;iffs;> topghLfs;
fpuhkpaf; FbNaw;wq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik
• epiyahd FbNaw;wq;fs; jhgpf;fg;gl;lik
• ,uj;jpdGup khtl;l “nfhyk;gNfMu” vDk; gpuNjrj;ijr; Nru;e;j
‘uQ;rhklk’ vDk; ,lj;jpy; fz;Lgpbf;fglg;l ,w;iwf;F Vwj;jho
gjpd;%d;whapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Kd;du; fl;lg;gl;l tupr;R tPL
Muk;g fpuhkpaf; FbNaw;wq;fspy; tptrhak; gpujhd nghUshjhu
eltbf;ifahff; fhzg;gl;lik
tptrha epyq;fisr; rhu;e;J rpwpa fpuhkpa Fsq;fs; mikf;fg;
gl;lik
fpuhkpa FbNaw;wq;fis cUthf;fpaik
cNyhfk; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lik
fpuhkpa kf;fs; tho;f;if Mapuf;fzf;fhd Mz;Lfshf tpUj;jp
aile;J tUk; epiyapy; kf;fs; ,e;J rKj;jpuj;jpd; topNa ntt;NtW
ehLfSf;Ff; flw; gpuahzk; nra;jikapdhy; tzpfk; gpugy;a
kile;jik.
efuq;fs; Njhd;wpaik
- efuq;fs; jhgpjk; ngw;wikapd; gpd;dzp
- ,e;ehl;bd; Kjd;ikahd efuq;fs;
ghlE}ypy; jug;gl;Ls;s nraw;ghl;by; FOthf <Lgl re;ju;g;gkspj;jy;.
- efuq;fs; Njhw;wk; ngw;wikapd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fSf;fhfg;
gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;ilg; gad;gLj;jpaik
- gz;ila efuq;fspd; mbg;gil ,ay;Gfisf; nfhz;L khjpup
ml;ltiznahd;wpidg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
- ,jid jdpahs; nraw;ghlhfg; gad;gLj;Jq;fs;.
- ,izg;G - 1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s tupg;glj;ij Rz;zg;gyifapy;
gpujp nra;J mjidj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujpnra;J
nfhs;SkhW mwpTWj;jTk;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
27
gpd;tUk; epakq;fisf; nfhz;L fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;il elj;Jq;fs;.
cyu; tya efu ehfupfj;jpd; ,ay;Gfis tpsf;Fthu;.
efu ehfupfj;jpd; tsu;r;rpf;Ff; fhuzq; fhl;Lthu;.
efuq;fspy; tho;e;j NghjpYk; cyu;tya kdpjd; #oy; Neadhfr; nraw;
gl;likiaf; Fwpg;gpLthu;.
tupg;glj;ijr; rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;thu;.
mwpTWj;jy;fisr; rupahfg; gpd;gw;Wthu;.
,izg;G : 1
28
cyu; tya efu ehfupfk;
1
2.
3.
efu ehfupfq;fspd; tsu;r;rp
1
2.
3.
6.5 vkJ fPu;j;jpkpf;f muru;fs;
>>
>
Njhw;wk;
ngw;w
gpd;dzp
ePu; Kfhi
k
,ay;Gfs;
tpisT
tpisT
tpisT
tpisT
29
mDuhjGuj;ij jiyefuhff; nfhz;L> murgPl Nkwpa gz;Lfhga kd;dd;
njhlf;fk; jhJNrd kd;dd; tiuapyhd VO kd;du;fs; gw;wpa tptuq;fs;
,e;j myfpd; %yk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mk;kd;du;fspd;> nghJrdNea
Ml;rp> fPu;j;jp> mtw;wpd; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfs; Mfpad Fwpj;J
,q;F ftdQ; nrYj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; Njbawpthu;.
6. 5.1 gz;Lfhga kd;dd;
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.5.1 gz;Lfhga ,sturd; rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhz;L murdhfpa tpjj;ij
Njbawpthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 01
fw;ww;NgWfs;
gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; ,sikf;fhyk; njhlu;ghd jfty;fisj; jpul;Lthu;.
gz;Lfhga ,sturd; vjpu;nfhz;l miw$ty;fis tpsf;Fthu;.
miw$ty;fis vjpu;nfhs;tjw;fhf gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; tho;f;ifr;
rupjj;jpypUe;J ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.1 gz;Lfhga kd;dd;
30
,sikf;fhyk;
gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; jha; - je;ijau; njhlu;ghd fijfis tpsf;Fq;fs;.
,sturd; gpwe;j fhyk; njhlf;fk; vjpu;nfhz;l rthy;fis tptupAq;fs;.
- gpwe;jTlNdNa mur khspifapypUe;J ntspNa mDg;gg;gl;lik- njhuklyhitf;Fr; nry;Yk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,sturdJ capiuf;
ftu Kaw;rpg;gl;lik.
- ,sturd; ePuhbf;nfhz;bUe;j re;ju;g;gk;
- ,ilau; gps;isfSld; tpisahbf;nfhz;bUe;j re;ju;g;gk;.
rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf> gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; tho;f;ifr;
rupjk; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfs;
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkpl;l ghlj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW Njitahdtw;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika fw;ww; NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;
jahupj;J Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
31
5.1.2 gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; nraw;wpwidj; Njbawpthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
gz;Lfhga kd;dd; murdhd tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; murhl;rpia tptupg;ghu;.
gz;Lfhga kd;ddpd; Nkd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
- murdhjy;;
murdhtjw;fhf gz;Lfhga ,sturd; ifahz;l toptiffis tptupf;Ff
- gilfisj; jpul;baik
- Nghupy; ntw;wp ngw;wik
mEuhjGuj;ij Ml;rp ikakhff; nfhz;L murgPlNkwpaik.
- murhl;rp
mDuhj fpuhkj;ij mDuhjGukhf;fpaik
- mDuhjGu efuj;ij mikj;jik
- efupd; vy;iyfisf; Fwpj;jy;
- murkhspfiffs;> ghijfs;> tPjpfs;> tbfhy; njhFjpfs;> kahdq;fs;>
itj;jparhiyfs;> ehd;F Eiothapy;fs;.
- efu epUthfg; gzpfSf;fhf mjpfhupfis epakpj;jik
- ntt;NtW kf;fl; gpuptpdu;f;fhf efupy; gpuNjrq;fis xJf;fpaik.
- fl;Lg;ghlw;w rkaf; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wpaik (gpuhkz> i[d>
topgghLfs;)
- nghUshjhu eltbf;iffSf;fhf vLf;fg;gl;l eltbf;iffs; (Fsq;fs;
fl;Ltpj;jik)
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkpl;l ghlj;jpw;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW Njitahdtw;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika fw;ww; NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;
jahupj;J Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
6.5.2 Njtek;gpajPr kd;dd;
32
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; Njbawpthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.2.1 ngsj;j rkak; ,yq;iff;;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;likAk; jhgpf;fg;gl;likAk;
njhlu;ghf Njtek;gpajPr kd;dd; Mw;wpa Nritia vLj;Jf;$Wthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
,yq;iff;Fg; ngsj;j rkak; fpilj;j tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
ngsj;jrkak; ,yq;ifapy; jhgpjkile;j tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
Njtek;gpajPr kd;ddpd; Nritia tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.2.1 ,yq;iff;F ngsj;j rkak; nfhz;Ltug;gLjy;
- jp];] ,sturd; ,yq;ifapd; Ml;rpahsuhjy;.
- ,yq;ifapy; jp];] kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpy; mNrhf rf;futu;j;jp
Ml;rpahsuhf ,Ue;jik
- jp];] kd;dDf;Fk; mNrhf rf;futu;j;jpf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;Gfs;
,Ue;jik
- kfpe;j Njuiu Kjd;ikahff; nfhz;l rka J}ju;fs; ,yq;ifapd;
kpfpe;jiyf;F tUif je;jik
- Njtek;gpajPrkd;dd; kfpe;jupd; Nghjidfisf; Nfl;L ngsj;j rkaj;ijf;
jOtpaikAk; ,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ ngsj;j Ml;rpahsuh fpaikAk;.
5.2.2 ngsj;j rhrdk; jhgpf;fg;gl;lik
- kd;du; ngsj;j rkaj;ijj; jOtpa gpd;du; mur FLk;gj;NjhL Vida
nghJ kf;fSk; ngsj;ju;fshfpaik
- KjyhtJ Muhik gpf;FkhUf;F toq;fg;gl;lik
- gpf;F rhrdk; jhgpf;fg;gl;lik
- rq;fkpj;jpiu gpf;Fzp> 18 Fyj;NjhUld; nts;suR kuf;fpisiaf; nfhz;L
te;jik
- nts;suR kuj;ij eLjy;
- gpf;Fzp rhrdk; jhgpf;fg;gLjy;
- ehd;F tifapduhyhd r%fk; Njhw;wk; ngw;wik
33
- KjyhtJ jhJNfhgk; epu;khzpf;fg;gly;.
- kd;dd; Njtek;gpajPrd; Mw;wpa Nritfis cjhuzq;fSld;
Kd;itAq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
Gj;j rkak; jhgpf;fg;gl;lik gw;wpf; $Wk; E}y;fs;> glq;fs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika fw;ww; NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;
jahupj;J Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;
ehd;Ftifapdu; - gpf;F> gpf;Fzp> cghrf> cghrfp
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
34
5.2.2.3 xOf;fg;gz;Gs;s r%fj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;g> ngsj;j rkaj;jpdhy; fpilj;j
rpwe;j Fzg;gz;Gfis tpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;thu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 02
fw;ww;NgWfs;
ngsj;j rkak; %yk; fpilj;j mUk;nghf;fprq;fis tptupg;ghu;.
xOf;fk;kpf;f r%fk; fl;bnaOg;gg;gl;l tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
jw;fhy ed;kf;fl; rKjhaj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f gz;ila Kd;khjpup
fis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.2.3 ngsj;j rkaj;jpd; %yk; fpilf;fg;ngw;w mUk;nghf;fprq;fs;
ngsj;j rkak; fhuzkhf ntt;NtW Jiwfspy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;lik
xOq;fike;j rkankhd;W fpilj;jik
gpd;tUk; tplaq;fis ntspf;nfhzUq;fs;
- mu;j;jG\;bahdthW fpupiafisg; gpd;gw;Wjiy cjhuzq;fs; %yk;
tpsf;Fjy;.
- kuq;fs;> fw;fis tzq;Fjy;> Nghjp tpUl;rk;> jhJNfhgq;fis
tzq;Fjy;.
- ,we;;Njhu; topghL - ,we;NjhUf;fhfg; Gz;zpaQ; nra;jy;.
- jPiaf; flTshf tzq;Fjy; - jPg topghL
- Nga;fSf;fhd gypg+ir nra;jy; - jhdk; toq;Fjy;
vOj;Jj; JiwAk; ,yf;fpaKk;
nghUshjhu Kiw
nghJkf;fspd; tho;f;if
gz;ila r%fj;jpy; fhzg;gl;l gof;ftof;fq;fs;> xOf;fq;fs;> tpOkpaq;fs;>
Mspilj;njhlu;Gfis cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fq;fs;.
fle;jfhy; Kd;khjpupfis fw;fhyj;Jf;fhfg; gad;gLj;jj;jf;f tpjj;ij
cjhuzq;fhl;b tpsf;Fq;fs;.
Nkw;gb tplaq;fs; ntspf;nfhzug;gLk; tifapy; gpd;tUk; nraw;ghl;by; khztiu
<LgLj;Jq;fs;.
35
,jid xU jdpahs; nraw;ghlhf eilKiwg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
,izg;G - 1 ,y; jug;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizia tFg;gpy; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
ml;ltiziaj; jkJ gapw;rpg; Gj;jfj;jpy; gpujp nra;Jnfhs;SkhW
khztUf;F mwpTWj;jy; toq;Fq;fs;.
ghlE}iyAk; Jizahff; nfhz;L ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;AkhW
khztiu topg;gLj;Jq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
fzpg;gPL kjpg;gPl;Lf;fhfg; gpd;tUk; epakq;fs; njhlu;ghf ftdQ; nrYj;Jq;fs;.
ngsj;j rkaj;jpd; %yk; fpilj;j mUk;nghf;fprq;fis Fwpg;gpLjy;.
ngsj;j rkaj;jpd; %yk; fpilj;j mUk;nghf;fprq;fis kjpj;jy;.
ml;ltizia rupahfg; g+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
MrpupauJ mwpTWj;jy;fisg; gpd;gw;Wjy;.
Neuk; Ngzpf; fUkj;ij epiwT nra;jy;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
,izg;G : 1
ngsj;j rkaj;jpd; %yk; fpilj;j mUk;nghf;f;prq;fisf; nfhz;L gpd;tUk;
ml;ltiziag; g+u;j;jp nra;f.
rkak; r%fk; rhu;e;jit nghUshjhuk; vOj;Jj;Jiw kw;Wk;
rhu;e;jit rhu;e;jit ,yf;fpak; rhu;e;jit
6.5.3 Jl;lifKD kd;dd;
36
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; Njbawpthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.3.1 Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; Nkd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 04
fw;ww;NgWfs;
vy;yhs kd;du; ey;top epd;w tpjj;ij tptupg;ghu;.
fhte;jPr kd;ddpd; nray;fis tptupg;ghu;.
Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; Nkd;ikia tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.3 kd;dd; Jl;lifKD
- ,sikf;fhyk;
- ngw;Nwhu;
- ,sikf;fhyk; gw;wpa fijfs;
- kd;dd; vy;yhsd;
- kd;dd; vy;yhsd; mwnewpahsd; vd kfhtk;rj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sik
- rl;lj;ij kjpj;J ele;jik> nghJkf;fs; Neu;ikahf ,Ue;jik
- kuGtopapy; nraw;gl;lik
- kd;dd; fhte;jPrd;
- rkfhy rthy;fis ntw;wp nfhs;tjw;fhf kd;dd; fhte;jPrd; vLj;j
eltbf;iffs;
- gilfis xOq;fikj;jik
- cUFizia xU Filapd; fPo;f; nfhz;L te;jik
- nghUshjhu RgPl;rj;ij Vw;gLj;jpaik
- jUzk; tUk;tiu fhj;jpUe;jik
- kd;du; Jl;lifKD ehl;il xU Filapd; fPo;f; nfhz;L te;jik
- ntspehl;L Mf;fj;jpypUe;J ehl;il tpLtpj;jNy gpujhd Nehf;fkhf
37
,Ue;jJ.
- gilfisj; jpul;b Nghu; elj;jpaik
- Nghupy; ntw;wp ngw;W ehl;il xU Filapd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jik
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ghlj;Jf;fg; nghUj;jkhdthW Njitahdtw;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika fw;ww; NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;
jahupj;J Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
5.3.2 Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; rkaj;njhz;il kjpj;J ew;gz;Gfis elj;ijahf;fpf;
nfhs;thu;.
38
ghlNtisfs; : 01
fw;ww;NgWfs;
Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; rkaj;njhz;il tptupg;ghu;.
jw;fhy ew;r%fj;Jf;fhf gad;glj;jf;f gz;ila Kd;khjpupfis vLj;Jf;
fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
5.3.2 tpfhiufs; fl;Ltpj;jik
- Jl;lifKD kd;du; ngsj;j rkaj;Jf;F Mw;wpa Nritfs;
- tpfhiufs; fl;Ltpj;jik - (kpuprtw;wpa> Nyhthkfhgha> Utd;ntypNra)
- itfhrpg; ngsu;zkp jpdk; cw;rtq;fs; elj;jy;.
- Jl;lifKD kd;ddpd; tho;f;ifapy; ,Ue;J ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis
tptupAq;fs;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkplg;gl;l ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW Njitahdtw;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW fw;ww;NgWfs;> mikaj;jf;;f tifapy; fzpg;gPl;L
epakq;fisj; jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
6.5.4 kd;dd; tyfk;ghF
39
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; Njbawpthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.4.1 tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd; Nkd;ikia kjpj;J mk; Kd;khjpupfis elj;ij
ahf;fpf; nfhs;thu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
tyfk;ghF kd;dd; murdhfpa tpjj;ij tpsf;Fthu;.
tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd; rkaj; njhz;Lfis tptupg;ghu;.
tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd; tho;f;ifr; rupjk; %yk; ngwj;jf;f Kd;khjpupfis
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.4 kd;dd; tyfk;ghF
- rj;jhjp];] kd;ddpd; ,isa Gj;jpud; Mthu;.
- ,sikf;fhyk; njhlu;ghd fijfs;
- murdhjy;
- tyfk;ghF kd;ddpd; rkaj;njhz;L
- mgafpup J}gpia fl;Ltpj;jy;
- ,yq;ifapd; KjyhtJ kpfg;ngupa J}gp
- mgafpup tpfhiuiaf; fl;Ltpj;J Fg;gpf;fyjp];] NjuUf;Ff; fhzpf;if
ahf;fpaik
- gpw;fhyj;jpy; mgafpup tpfhiuj; njhFjpia ikakhff; nfhz;L rUtNjr
fy;tpikak; cUthfpaik
- fl;Ltpj;j Vida tpfhiufs;> jhJNfhgq;fs;
jpupgplfj;ij E}YUg;gLj;jy;
- jpupgplfj;ij E}YUg;gLj;Jtjpy; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;j fhuzpfis tptupj;jy;.
40
- 14 Mz;L fhyk; fhzg;gl;l gpuhkzjPr gQ;rk;
- jpupgplfj;ij kdg;ghlk; nra;jpUe;j> jpupgplf ju;kj;ij njupe;J
itj;jpUe;j gpf;Ffs; ehl;iltpl;L ntspNawpaikAk; ngUe;njhif
ahNdhu; kuzj;ijj; jOtpaikAk;.
- tha;topahfg; Ngzptug;gl;l jpupgplf ju;kj;ij moptpypUe;J ghJfhg;
gjw;fhf khj;jis> mYtpfhiuapy; jpupgplfk; E}YUg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
gpujhd nrhw;fs; / vz;zf;fUf;fs;
fu;z guk;giu - nrtptopahf> kddkhf guk;giu toptUjy;>
gpuhkzjPr - gQ;rk; xU gQ;rk; ,J 14 tUl fhyk; ePbj;jJ.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkpl;l ghlj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdthW> Njitahdtw;iwj; jahupj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika> fw;ww;NgWfs;> msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epkaq;fisj;
jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
6.5.5 kd;dd; trgd;
41
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj N;jbawpthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.5.1 kd;dd; trgdpd; nraw;wpwid tptupg;ghu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
kd;dd; trgd; murhl;rp Vw;w tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
kd;dd; trgdpd; Ml;rpia tptupg;ghu;.
kd;dd; trgdpd; nghUshjhur; Nritfis tpsfFthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.5 kd;dd; trgd;
- ,yk;gfu;z mur guk;giuapd; KjyhtJ kd;dd;
murhl;rp Vw;wy;
- rthy;fis vjpu;nfhz;L Ml;rpNaw;wy;.
- KO ehl;ilAk; xUikg;gLj;jp Ml;rp nra;jy;.
- gpuNjrq;fshfg; gpupj;jy;.
nghUshjhu Nrit
- fhzg;gl;l fpuhkpa Fsj; njhFjpia tpupTgLj;jpaik
- Fsq;fs; (eLj;ju msTila Fsq;fs;)> fhy;tha;fs;> (Nahj fhy;tha;)
Ruq;f ePu;topfs;
- ePu;;g;ghrd tiyaikg;nghd;wpid cUthf;fpaik
- tup mwtpl;lik
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkp;l;l ghlj;Jf;Nfw;g Njitahd nghUs;fisj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika> fw;ww;NgWfs; msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epakq;fisj;
jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.
6.5.6 kd;dd; kfhNrdd;
42
Nju;r ;rp
Guhjd ,yq;if kd;du;fspd; tho;f;ifr; rupijfisAk; mtu;fs; ehl;Lf;F
Mw;wpa NritfisAk; kjpj;J> mtu;fspd; Nkd;ikiaj; Njbawpthu;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
5.6 kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; Nkd;ikia vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; ePu;g;ghrdr; Nritia tptupg;ghu;.
kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; fl;ll epu;khzj;Jiwj; jpwikfis vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; rkaj;njhz;Lfis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;f.
5.6 kd;dd; kfhNrdd;
- murhl;rpNaw;wy;
- nghUshjhu Nrit
- ghupa Fsq;fisf; fl;Ltpj;jik
- kpd;Ndupahf; Fsk; cl;gl gy Fsq;fisf; fl;Ltpj;jik.
- myfiuf; fhy;thiaf; fl;Ltpj;jik
- tlf;Fj;jpirapy; mike;jpUe;j tay;fSf;F ePiuf;nfhz;L nry;yy;.
- Fsq;fSf;F ePu; tpepNahfpj;jy;.
- gz;lq;fisf; nfhz;L nry;tjw;Fk; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf;Fk; fhy;thiag;
gad;gLj;jy;.
- ePu;g;ghrdj; Jiwf;F nra;j Nrit fhuzkhf gpw;fhyj;jpy; nghJkf;fs;
nja;tkhf cUtfpj;J topghLfs; elj;jpaik.
- kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; rkaj;njhz;il gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo; tptupj;jy;.
- N[j;jtzhuhikiaf; fl;Ltpj;jik
- kfhtpfhiuf;Fl;gl;l vy;iyapDs; N[j;jtdhuhikiaf; fl;Ltpj;jik
- ,J mf;fhyj;jpy; cyfpy;> Mrpahtpd; ,Ue;J kpfg;ngupa nrq;fw;
fl;llkhFk;.
- NkYk; gj;J tpfhiufisf; fl;Ltpj;jik
cjhuzk;: kpd;Ndupah> Nfhfz;iz
fye;jf;if Nghd;wd mtw;Ws; rpy tpfhiufshFk;.
- kd;dd; kfhNrdd; njhlu;ghd ehl;lhu; fijfis Kd;itj;jy;.
,izg;G 1> 2> 3 Mfpatw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp kd;dd; kfhNrdd; gw;wpa
43
jfty;fis cs;slf;fpa kbg;NgL jahupj;jy; nraw;ghl;by; khztiu
<LgLj;Jjy;.
xU FOr; nraw;ghlhf nra;AkhW mwpTWj;Jjy;.
,izg;G - 02 ,y; kbg;NgL jahupj;jy; njhlu;ghf mwpTWj;jy;fs;
jug;gl;Ls;sd.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
gpd;tUk; tplaq;fSf;F mika fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;il jahu; nra;Aq;fs;.
kd;dd; kfhNrdd; gw;wpa jfty;fisj; jpul;b Kd;itj;jy;.
kd;dd; kfhNrdd; ehl;Lf;F Mw;wpa Nritfis kjpj;jy;.
kd;dd; kfhNrdd; njhlu;ghf jfty;fis cs;slf;fpa kbg;NgL jahupj;jy;.
FOtpy; xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLjy;.
kbg;Ngl;il Mf;fg+u;tkhfj; jahupj;jy;.
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;:
• A4 msTila fljhrpfs; - 3
• A3 msTila fljhrpfs; - 2 (my;yJ xg;ghd NtW fljhrp)
• (tFg;gpy; khztu; njhif mjpfnkdpd;> mjpf vz;zpf;if kbg;NgLfs;
(jahupg;gjw;fhf NghJkhd msT nghUs;fisj; Njbg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;f)
• ghlE}y;> kd;dd; kfhNrdd; njhlu;ghf tptuq;fisawpa Vida E}y;fs;
• gir
• /ngy;w; Ngidfs; / epwg;ngd;rpy;fs;
44
,izg;G : 1
,izg;G : 2
• A3 fljhrpia my;yJ mjid xj;j fljhrpia
vLj;J ,izg;G - 1 ,y;
glj;jpy; fhl;bathW MW gf;fq;fs; mikAkhW kbj;J> kbg;Ngl;ilj;
jahupj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
• khztu; FOf;fspd; Mf;fq;fis kbg;Ngl;bd; cupa gf;fq;fspy; xl;Lq;fs;.
FO -1
• “kd;dd; kfhNrdd; fl;Ltpj;j Fsq;fs;” vDk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; tplaq;fisf;
Nfhitg;gLj;Jq;fs;
• mt;tplaq;fis (A4 fljhrpia ePsg;ghlhf ,uz;lhf kbj;J) jhspy;
xU gf;fj;jpy; njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
• KbAnkdpd; glq;fs; /rpj;jpuq;fs; %yk; Mf;fj;Jf;F NkYk; mo$l;Lq;fs;.
• jahupj;j jhis kbg;Ngl;bd; ,uz;lhk; gf;fj;jpy; xl;Lq;fs;.
FO -2
*********
*********
45
• “kd;dd; kfhNrdd; epu;khzpj;j ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;tha;fSk; mtw;wpd; gad;
fSk;”; vDk; jiyg;gpy; jfty;fisj; jpul;Lq;fs;
• mt;tplaq;fis (A4 fljhrpia ePsg;ghlhf ,uz;lhf kbj;J) jhspy;
xU gf;fj;jpy; njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
• KbAnkdpd; glq;fs; /rpj;jpuq;fs; %yk; Mf;fj;Jf;F NkYk; mo$l;Lq;fs;.
• jahupj;j jhis %d;whk; gf;fj;jpy; xl;Lq;fs;.
FO -3
• “kd;dd; kfhNrddpd; rkaj; njhz;L”; vDk; jiyg;gpy; jfty;fisj;
jpul;Lq;fs;
• mt;tplaq;fis (A4 fljhrpia ePsg;ghlhf ,uz;lhf kbj;J) jhspy; xU
gf;fj;jpy; njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
• KbAnkdpd; glq;fs; /rpj;jpuq;fs; %yk; Mf;fj;Jf;F NkYk; mo$l;Lq;fs;.
• jahupj;j jhis kbg;Ngl;bd; ehd;fhk; gf;fj;jpy; xl;Lq;fs;.
FO -4
• “kd;dd; kfhNrdd; gw;wpa ehl;lhu; fijfs;”; vDk; jiyg;gpy; tplaq;fisj;
jpul;Lq;fs;.
• mf;fijia / fijfis
• mt;tplaq;fis (A4 fljhrpia ePsg;ghlhf ,uz;lhf kbj;J) jhspy; xU
gf;fj;jpy; njspthd ifnaOj;jpy; vOJq;fs;.
• KbAnkdpd; glq;fs; /rpj;jpuq;fs; %yk; Mf;fj;Jf;F NkYk; mo$l;Lq;fs;.
• jahupj;j jhis kbg;Ngl;bd; Ie;jhk; gf;fj;jpy; xl;Lq;fs;.
Nju;r;rp kl;lk;
46
6.5.7 jhJNrd kd;dd; Mw;wpa Nritia tptupg;ghu;.
ghlNtisfs; : 03
fw;ww;NgWfs;
jhJNrd kd;dd; murhl;rpia ngw;w tpjj;ij vLj;Jf;fhl;Lthu;.
kd;dd; jhJNrddpd; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffis tptupg;ghu;.
kd;dd; jhJNrddpd; rkaj;njhz;Lfis tpsf;Fthu;.
ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpLtjw;fhd mwpTWj;jy;fs; :
gpd;tUk; ghltplaq;fisf; nfhz;L ghlj;ijj; jpl;lkpl;Lf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.
5.7 kd;dd; jhJNrdd;
- murhl;rpNaw;wy;
- kd;dd; jhJNrdd; murhl;rpiag; nghWg;Ngw;f Kd;du; fhzg;gl;l
murpay; Fog;gepiy
- Vwj;jho 30 Mz;Lfs; epytpa ntspehl;lhu; Ml;rp ntspehl;lhupl
kpUe;J ehl;il kPl;nlLj;jik
- Nkhupa mur tk;rj;jpd; KjyhtJ murd;
- kd;dd; jhJNrddpd; nghUshjhu> Nritiag; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd;fPo;
tpsf;Fjy;.
- nghUshjhu Nrit
- fl;Ltpj;j Fsq;fs;.
- ePu;g;ghrdf; fhy;tha;fs;
kd;dd; jhJNrddpd; rkaj; njhz;ilg; gpd;tUk; tplaq;fspd; fPo;
tpsf;Fjy;.
- mTf;fiz rpiyiar; nra;tpj;jik
- tpfhiufs; epWtpaik
jutpUj;jp cs;sPLfs;
jpl;lkp;l;l ghlj;Jf;Nfw;g Njitahd nghUs;fisj; jahupj;Jf; nfhs;thu;.
fzpg;gPL> kjpg;gPl;Lf;Fupa mwpTWj;jy;fs;
ghlj;Jf;F mika> fw;ww;NgWfs;> msf;fg;gLk; tifapy; epkaq;fisj;
jahupj;Jg; Gs;sp toq;Fq;fs;.