www.thuvien-ebook.comC VUA

CHIN LC VA CHIN THUTMY BAI HOC C BAN

ALEXANDRE KOBLENTS***

TAI LIU DANH CHO VN NG VIN C VUA NNG CAOLin oan C Thanh Ph HCM di ch va xut ban nm 1993.

tambao anh may chuyn ebook hon thnh 2009Muc LucLi gii thiuBI HC TH NHT----Cng Thc B Mt----Chin Lc V Chin Thut----Luyn Tp Hng NgyBI TP 01 - 06BI HC TH HAI----Coi Chng Nhng Qun XeBI TP 07 - 12BI HC TH BA----Tng Tt V Tng XuBI TP 13-18BI HC TH T

----Cc Qun Cht: Nhng Mc Tiu Tn CngBI TP 19 - 24BI HC TH NM----Li Vn Nhng Con Cht YuBI HC TH SU----Nhng Con Cht a DngBI HC TH BY----Cht Thng V S Ngn Chn------Cht Thng------S Ngn ChnBI TP 25 - 30BI HC TH TM----Lm Th No Kim Ch Mt Dy Cht ?BI TP 31 - 36BI HC TH CHN----Ghim qunBI TP 37 42BI TH MI----Gi Tr So snh Gia Cc Qun------Gi Tr Qun Hu------Tng Quan Gi Tr Ca Mt Qun Nh------Nhng Cch i QunBI HC TH MI MT----Tn Cng Vua------I. Hai Vua ng hai cnh i nhauBI TP 43 - 48BI HC TH MI HAI----Tn Cng Vua------II. Hai bn u nhp thnh gn---------a- Dit Nhng Con Cht Cnh Vua

---------b- Lm yu cu trc cht cc qun len li vo tn cng.---------c- M cc ct v cc ng cho---------d- Tn cng vi cc qun Tng khc mu---------e- Tn cng vi nhng qun nng---------f- y cht nhy b vo trn a------III. Khi Vua cn cha nhp thnhBI HC TH MI BA----Tn Cng Bn Cnh Hu------a- Tn cng vo nhng con cht yu------b- a s cht------c- Kim sot nhng ct m v nhng ng cho------d- Nhng im mnhBI TP 49 - 54BI HC TH MI BN----Ngh Thut Phng NgBI TP 55 - 60BI HC TH MI LM----Vn C Trong Nhng V Th Cn Bng.BI TP 61 - 66BI HC TH MI SU----S Chin Thng Ca Logich Ton HcBI TP 67 - 72----Ch thchGii bi tp

Li gii thiu

T my nm qua, trong lang c thanh ph H Ch Minh co xut hin m t t ptai liu v c vua c nhiu ba n chuyn tay nhau o c m t cach thch thu. Congi a em sao chup ho c ghi chep c n th n ho c t p. o la tp ti liu doBan Chuyn Mn K Thut ca Lin on C Thnh Ph bin dch t mt quyngio trnh ca i kin tng Alexandre KOBLENTZ, hun luyn vin cng hunca Lin X c, bin son dy cho cc mn c ca ng Riga. T nhng nm1967 quyn gio trnh ny c dch sang ting c v xut bn vi ta Schach training, Der Weg zum Erfolg. Sau nm 1974 n c dch li sangting Php, xut bn vi ta Lentrainement aux Echecs - La route du succes,ngha l Rn luyn c Vua - Con ng dn ti thnh cng.

Nhn thy tp ti liu ny vit rt tt, c th gip cc bn chi c t hc nng cao trnh ln mt bc, chng ti quyt nh em xut bn ph binrng ri, nhm p ng yu cu phat tri n phong trao va nng cao m t bctrnh ng v n ng vin c Vua hin nay.

Quy n giao trnh nay vit tt nh th nao ? Theo chung ti co my quani m ang khen nh sau:

M t la: Vn chin l c va chin thu t tng i tru t ng, kho hi unht la i vi nhng ngi mi tip c n vi c Vua. Th ma bng nhng bai ho ccu th vi nhng van c sinh ng, tac gia a dn dt ngi o c tng bc lamquen vi nhng n i dung nay. Ly gia i cac vn quyn ch t vi thc tin, khin

ngi o c ch ng nhng d tip thu ma con co th nh va v n dung c.Hai la: tt ca co 16 bai ho c, trnh bay theo tng chu nhng c sp xp

ch t ch, n i ro tnh h thng va tnh s pha m, i t n gia n n phc ta p. Huht cac bai u t p trung noi v giai oa n trung cu c va tan cu c t o rut ranhng nguyn tc quan tro ng, nhn ma nh, lam cho ngi o c d ghi nh. cbit khi trnh bay tac gia d oan mo i thc mc co th na y sinh, mo i vn coth c nu ra nn tac gia chu ng gia i ap lun..

Ba la: hng ngi c bc u tp phn tch, mt lot nhng bi tpc nu ra nh l mt kiu vui. Cc bi cng sp xp t tn cuc t qun ntrung cuc nhiu qun. Tc gi khng du mun ngi c lm quen dn vitrng thi thi u, t mnh gii p v tm ra phng n ti u. iu ny cho thyng l mt hun luyn vin dy dn kinh nghim, bit khi ngun cm hngngi c, pht huy tnh ch ng sng to ca h.

Vi nhng ti tng i kh khan, thm ch c lc phc tp kh hiu,nhng vi c khi hi, tc gi trnh by gin d vi ging vui ti, d dm khinngi c chng mt mi m cn say m hng phn. iu khng c g l vAlexandre Koblentz trong nhiu nm l hun luyn vin i tuyn c Vua ca LinX c. C thi gian ng l tr t c lc ca c danh k Mikhail Tahl. Chnh ng gip nhiu nht Tal ot chc v ch th gii nm 1960 t tayBotvinnik. ng l tc gi nhiu quyn c vua c tnh gio khoa c nhiu bn trhm m, nh gi cao ti Nga cng nh ti nhiu nc khc trn th gii.

Cn c vo ni dung bi ging, nay chng ti dch v in ra vi ta l : C

VUA- CHIN LC V CHIN THUT- MY BI HC C BN.Chng ti nh gi cao quyn sch ny l nh th, mun gii thiu n cc

bn hm m. Th nhng liu A. Koblentz c thc s gip cc bn nng cao trnh chi c hay khng th cn phi nh cc bn xc nhn.

TP. H CH MINH, ngy 19 thng 12 nm 1992LIN ON C TP. H CH MINH

BI HC TH NHT

Cng Thc B Mt

Trc khi tin hnh vn c, hai o qun chnh t mt i mt nhau trongi ng cht ch v hm h xp chin, m b binh cht ng trc, ngn cns trin khai cc qun s quan. Qun Hu bi ri v cng nhng phi ng ratrc s dy c ca by Cht. iu ny tht khng hp cht no i vi mtvin tng ti ba nh vy ! Ch c nhng qun M th ti ci v chng c khnng nhy qua u m b binh. Nhng m ch c M nhy thi th lm g c aiu !

Tuy nhin hy nhn k ! Cc u th va i nhng nc i u tin, chng ta chng kin s ng chm ca hai o qun, s xung t cng thng gianhng t tng chin lc v chin thut, gia nhng im du kn v v hnh.

Cng thc b mt no khi ng cuc chin ca hai o qun? Lm saoptm c cy a thn cho php cc tay kin tng nh mt lo ph thy,lm xut hin trn bn c nhng vn c k diu ? Nu chng ta quan st k, iub mt ny s bt m. N lin quan n vic huy ng cc qun c.

Phi to cho cc qun c (s quan) v Cht hot ng c ti a chng bo v ln nhau, phi hp nhp nhng cc hnh ng cachng. nguyn tc c bn m mi u th u phi tun theo trong tt ccc trn u x l nhng trng hp chin lc hay chin thut c bit.

i vi chng ta by gi l tm hiu v quan st trn bn c nhng bin cph hp vi nguyn tc trn mt cch c thc su sc. Vic ny i hi phi c

nhiu c gng! Nhng c g thch th cho bng khi nhn vo mt hp php yb mt v c kh nng quan st, lm cch no m cc qun c bt ng tnhin sng dy lao vo cuc chin rt bo gan, tiu hao lc lng i phng ri tm ly Vua hay nh chng ta ni l chiu b Vua.

By gi trc ht chng ta gh mt nhn vo phng nghin cu ca tay ckin tng.

Chin Lc V Chin Thut

Tt c cc vn c ch c mt mc ch: chiu ht Vua i phng. Chinlc chung ca cc tay c thuc th h trc kia khng r rng: h khng phnbit th no l chin lc, th no l chin thut v khng du dim nhanhchng ui bt vua i phng. H thng i nhng nc mnh m, to bo vcng thng t c kt qu. Tay kin tng ngi c Adolf Andersen (1818-1879) chin thng nhiu trn v vang, tuy nhin n nm 1859 b anhchng ngi M Paul Morphy (1837-1884) nh bi r rt ti Paris.

Ch ln ca Morphy cng l lt da u ca vua i phng tuy nhinMorphy c thc hn trong vic chun b nhng v tr trc khi a ra nhng ntn cng quyt lit bng cc qun.

Chng ta hy kho st c s l lun ny trong li chi ca Morphy v t chng ta s rt ra vi cng thc c gi tr l thuyt hc tp.

Vn c gia Morphy vi cng tc De Brunswick v b tc Isouard tiParis nm 1858:

1.e4 e52.Mf3 d63.d4 Tg4

S ghim qun ny khng c tc dng g.4.de5 Tf3Gi y en nhn thy nu 4.de5 Hd8+ v Trng thot khi s ghim qun

ng thi c th bt cht e5 ngon lnh.L thuyt ch dn nc i th ng 4.Md7, cn nc i phn cng 4.Mf6.5.Hf3 de56.Tc4 Mf6?i nh vy Trng t c e da chin thut, en i 6.Hd7 ng hn.

7.Hb3e da c hai cht khng c bo v b7 v f7. Trong nhng trng hp

nh th ngi ta cn bo v im quan trng nu ch c th bo v c mtim. y v Trng e da Tf7+ k He6 chiu b cho nn en phi bo vim f7.

7. He78.Mc3Thng c th gii thch mt s nc theo phong cch chi ca tng kin

tng. y Trng c th lng l bt cht b7, nhng sau 8.Hb7 Hb4+ 9.Hb4Tb4+. Lc Trng phi nhn ni pht huy t t u th hn cht. thi Morphyngi ta ch ngh c mt ng li: mc tiu chnh l phi tn cng nhanh Vua iphng. Do Trng quyt nh khai trin nhng qun cn li v s dng u thtrong khai cuc. V qun en kh chng chin lc ny: qun Hu ang cntr Tng f8 tin ln, do cng khng nhp thnh c.

8. c6 9.Tg5

ca vic ghim qun ny l v hiu ha mt qun phng th quan trng

ca i phng. 9. b5

cho 10.Mbd7. 10.Mb5!

Bn Trng i trc v mt trin khai qun: th l 4 qun c ca n chim nhng v tr tt, cn en ch c M v Hu tham gia chin u, m li vtr xu. Nhng nhng li th nh vy s nhanh chng bin mt nu Trng khngtheo ui vn c vi y ch. Chng hn Trng i 10.Td3 Mbd7, en c ththot khi tnh trng xu nht.

Bng nc i trn Morphy bt u mt s phi hp chiu ht c tnhton rt chnh xc. trng hp tng t, a n mt s o ln hon ton gitr cc lc lng. Nhng yu t ng c gi tr hn.

10. cb5 11.Tb5+ Mbd7 12.0-0-0 Xd8 13.Xd7

Mt ln na Trng li hy dit mt qun phng ng quan trng ca en. 13. Xd7 14.Xd7 (Hnh 1)

Paul Morphy - Duke Karl / Count Isouard [C41] Paris Paris, 1858 [1]

XABCDEFGHY

8-+-+kvl-tr(7zp-+rwqpzpp'6-+-+-sn-+&

5+L+-zp-vL-%4-+-+P+-+$3+Q+-+-+-#

2PzPP+-zPPzP"1+-mKR+-+-!

xabcdefghyH1

n y cc qun Trng sn sng khi u mt cuc phi hp qun trongkhi th ca qun en cng lc cng xu, cnh Vua th khng pht trin c mXd7 v M f6 u b ng inh, ti t nht l Vua vn cn b gi ti ch v anglm nguy tnh mng. Ngc li cng d nhn thy qun Trng linh hot hn, nhtl Trng ang c u th lc lng trong khu vc trng yu ca chintrng. Mt mnh c gi tr tng qut hay ni ng l mt nh cho micuc tn cng vy hm ginh thng li. Do khng c g ngc nhin khi Trngphi hp qun tht p chiu ht i phng nhanh chng.

14. He6

15.Td7+ Md7 16.Hb8+ Mb8 17.Xd8 chiu b

Vy c im ca mt s phi hp trong c vua l g ? Trc khi tr nhmt s phi hp cn phi xem xt nhng yu t sau:

Trc tin phi bit c t th c hin c, nhng du hiu chng minh tnhcm mong mun ca chng ta v vic thc hin mt s phi hp l c th c.Trong trng hp ca Morphy l u th v trin khai lc lng. Vua i phngcha nhp thnh, v tr bt li ca qun en, tt c nhng iu to nn khnng thc t tin hnh s phi hp.

Mt khi nhn bit c nhng yu t thun li th vn by gi l tmcch iu ng qun c th thc hin.

Morphy rnh chiu b; trong nhng trng hp nh vy s nh gitnh th cui cng khng cn thit v vn c c kt thc bng nc chiu ht.Nhng i vi nhiu loi phi hp khc, s nh gi tnh th cui cng vn l vn u tin phi t ra. Tr nh vic phi hp phi ty thuc vo s nh giny.

Chng ta thy nhng v tr c chun b cho s phi hp ny l cn thit.Nh v ch th gii u tin Wilhelm Steinitz (1836-1900) l ngi u tin cng thc ha thc t ny bng cu sau:

Chng ta khng th v khng c php tn cng khi tnh thcha chn mui. Phi tch ly cc li th v v tr trc tin, v sau

chuyn qua tn cng mt cch mnh lit vi nhng n phi hp chnhxc.

Trong cc khai cuc thong (hai bn a n cuc chm trn rt sm),phng cch chi ca Morphy lun lun c gi tr. y l c s ca chin lctng qut ca mn c vua hin i:

1.Phi lm th no trin khai nhanh nht qun c. 2.Kim sot khu trung tm tranh ginh tng trung tm (nht l cc

e4, d4, e5, d5). 3.M cc ct dc v ng cho gia tng hot ng cc qun c

mt cch ti a.Thi i chng ta khng cn d nh thi Morphy c th qut nho i

phng nhanh chng. Cc bn hy xem vn c sau y thy cch chi ca cctay kin tng hin i chun b n phi hp.

Krs Book 1.Mf3 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Mc3 Mf6 4.d4 Te7 5.g3 0-0 6.Tg2 c6 7.0-0 Mbd7

y chng ta c mt th trn kn, tc l lc lng i bn cha chm trn

nhau (tr cht c4 v d5). Np sau phng tuyn b binh cht, cc u th tm cchpht trin lc lng ca mnh. Trong nhng tnh th ra qun nh th nhiu ngingh rng cc tay kin tng c tnh ton nhng th bin rt nhiu nc i.Tht ra khng tuyt i phi nh vy, i phng c nhiu cch tr li sau minc i v nh vy th khng hp l khi phi tnh ton tt c nhng th bin.Chnh Richard Rti pht biu: Nu trong mt tnh th khng c mt se da trc tip no th nh mun tnh cc th bin vi 3 nc i cho chai bn ngi ta phi phc ha trong tr 729 th bin!!.

Trong nhng tnh th nh vy, ngi ta thng cho nhng nh gichin lc tng qut hng dn v theo dn dn ngi ta ch n cc e dahoc cc by chin thut m u th nhiu kinh nghim nhn bit c phn ln.

V d nh sau khi 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Mc3 Mf6 4.Tg5 en s phm mt sailm nu mun chuyn qun mt cch my mc, khng n e da chinthut 5.cd ed 6.Tf6 gf6 ph hy v th ca cc cht (f6 v f7 thnh cht chng),do en cn i 4.Te7, cn nh thay vo l 4.Mbd7 th Trng cng khngnn my mc nc i 5.cd ed 6.Md5 v sau 6.Md5 7.Td8 Tb4+ 8.Hd2 Td29.Vd2 Vd8 r rng l qun Trng ri vo by!

Vy th chng ti xin lp li: ng tnh ton nhiu th bin trong khai cuc,tuy nhin phi tht linh ng!

8.b3 b6 9.Tb2 (Hnh 2)

Paul Keres - Eero Einar Book [E06]

Kemeri (22.06.37) 06, 1937 [2]XABCDEFGHY

8r+lwq-trk+(7zp-+nvlpzpp'6-zpp+psn-+&5+-+p+-+-%4-+PzP-+-+$

3+PsN-+NzP-#2PvL-+PzPLzP"1tR-+Q+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH2

9. a5en bt u phn ng v d liu mt hot ng chin lc bn cnh Hu.Chng ta hc tp cch i ph ca Krs. Tt hn en nn i 9.Tb7 v

tip l c5. 10.Md2 Ta6 11.e4 dc4

12.e5 Md5 13.bc Mc3 14.Tc3 Xc8 15.Xe1

Gi y r rng Trng chuyn mu cht vo trung tm. Thc tin a ranh sng mt nguyn tc tng qut l: i ph tt nht vi mt cuc tncng sm sn l mt cuc phn cng trung tm.

Book nhng cho i phng qu nhiu khng gian trung tm, v v trcc qun cht tin ln cao cho Trng mt k hoch chin lc nh sau: v rngqun M f6 (mt qun phng th quan trng) b con cht e5 y lui nn mtcuc tn cng trc tip vo vua en c th thc hin. Nhng phi bo m choc khi giai an quyt nh, tt c cc qun cn thit u c th tham giahnh ng. Ngoi ra trc khi bt u tn cng cn phi phng nga vic lmyu trung tm khi en i c6-c5.

15. b5Qun en vi tham vng phn cng nn khng s hy sinh qun. ng l

en nn c nhng bin php phng nga trc cnh Vua, nh 15.xe8, tiptheo Mf8.

16.c5 f6Chng li s e da Me4-d6, nhng nc i ny lm yu cnh vua.

17.ef6 Tf6 18.Me4

Khng nn i 18.Xe6 v 16.Mc5 18. b4 19.Tb2 e5 20.Md6 ed 21.Mc8 Mc5

Trn chin n giai on quyt lit. Chin lc bn en c v thng th:cnh Hu Trng b p nt, trong khi M trng c8 b nht v khi n b bt then li c 2 cht. Nhng ng vo lc ny Krs m mt cuc tn cng quytnh.

22.Hh5 Me4 23.Te4 g6 24.Tg6!

Hy sinh Tng ph tan hng phng ng ca Vua i phng. Thng1o l phn m u cho t nhp ca qun tn cng.

24. Hg6 25.Hg6+ Vh8 (Hnh 3) 26.Me7!!

Buc qun Tng en phi ng xung yu e7, nhng sau th 26.Te727.Te7 hi sinh lun xe nh lc hng qun Hu en cho Tng chiu ht tckhc. Book u hng. (Hnh 3)

XABCDEFGHY8-+Nwq-tr-mk(

7+-+-+-+-'6l+p+-vlQ+&5zp-+-+-+-%4nzp-zp-+-+$3+-+-+-zP-#2PvL-+-zP-zP"1tR-+-tR-mK-!

xabcdefghyH3

Vn c cho thy: Hu en khng th cng mt lc bo v Tng e7 vim xung yu d4, n vt qu sc ca qun Hu.. Nh vy mt vn quantrng cn nh l khi phng ng phi c gng trnh tnh trng mt qun bo vphi lm vt qu kh nng ca n.

Nh vy qua hai v d rt ra t thc t, chng ta thy nhng nguyn tc theo, ging nh thuyn trng phi da vo la bn.

Chng ta c th tin chc c nhng mi quan h mt thit gia chin lc(k hoch tng qut) v chin thut (vic thi hnh c th k hoch).

L thuyt hin i xem khai cuc khng phi l mt lnh vc c lp v giihn m l giai on khi u ca trung cuc, v n gn vi nhau rt cht ch.

Do sau khai cuc cn cn xem xt cc yu t chin lc ca trung cuc, tmquan trng ca cc ng m, Tng hot ng, hay l nhng cp Tng, nhngcon cht thng, vic tn cng vo vua

nhn r cc nt c trng ca mt th c, nh gi ng n v tm rak hoch ph hp, chng ta cn phi nghin cu mt cch k lng nhng cim cc qui tc chin thut.

***

Luyn Tp Hng Ngy

Ai cng hiu rng thc hnh l ng thy hay nht. Tuy nhin chng ta cth t luyn hng ngy nh tp cho tr c quen suy ngh khng cn s cmt ca i th m vn nh thc hnh nghim chnh. Phng php luyn tp nygm kho st mt th c tht k qua cc th bin m khng di chuyn qun trnbn c. Ngi ta cng c th hn ch thi gian suy tnh bng cch s dng mtng h (lm nh l ang thi u tranh gii).

Trong khi luyn tp, iu quan trng l phi tp trung t tng, kh nngtp trung s tng dn theo thi gian luyn tp u n. ng nhn lt qua, lisuy ngh v t nh: Nu khng tm c ngay nc i th mnh s nhn thoi mivo li gii thi. Khng nn, ngc li cc bn hy nn tng tng rng ccbn ang nh vn c quyt nh ginh chc v ch th gii! pht trinkh nng phn tch v nh gi mt nc c, th nh gi phng n ca ccbn ra trc khi tra tm li gii p. Trong khi nh gi cn t a ra nhngcu hi sau y v t c gng tr li:

1.Hin ti lc lng i bn c cn bng khng? Nu khng cn bng th cig b p cho s yu km cht?

2.Suy ngh g v v tr cc qun? C im no yu trong v tr ca hai bn?3.Cc qun (s quan) c v tr tch cc hnh ng khng?4.Vua v tr an ton cha?5.Bn no c u th v khng gian?

6.Tnh hnh hai bn nh th no trong lc pht trin qun (nht l lc khaicuc hoc lc m nhng t tn cng d di).

Nu bn c th tr li cc cu hi ny, bn c c mt cch nh gitng i v th c v n s cho php bn tm ra c s nh ra k hoch hnhng. Mun c nh vy, tr c bn cn tip tc cng vic, khi u xem xttht c th nhng kh nng hnh ng ca v tr. Bn hy tnh ton cc th binv nh gi nhng tnh th sau khi thc hin mi th bin, v lc bn hychn ly mt th bin c li nht.

S phn tch ny i khi kh phc tp nhng khng bun chn v thi giansuy ngh rt chng tri qua. Ngoi ra c nhng im c bit m ta khng cntip tc tim kim cc th bin nh v tr Vua phi by s h hay mt im yutong phng tuyn ca i phng. Trong nhng trng hp nh vy, cc cim khc c t xung hng th hai trong k hoch v lun lun phi tn cngvo im yu. Tuyt i phi tr li cc cu hi ny trong khi tnh ton cc thbin: Ta b hm da bi ci g ? Vi s b tr qun, ta e do g, tn cng iphng nh th no ? Mun c nh vy, chnh ta phi luyn tp phn bit ccbin c c th, hnh dung c cc v tr bt c ch no v khng ngng phntch.

Bi tp m chng ti s nu ra l nhm rn luyn cc bn mt thi vmt kh nng phn tch ngy cng pht trin thm. Bn hy vit p n cc bitp v sau so snh vi p n trong sch. Bn khng nn tht vng khi gpnhng bi kh v nhiu vn rt phc tp m chng ti khng c ghi li gii thch

ch dn no. Nhng cng nh hun luyn vin bi li dy bi hc u tinbng cch nm hc tr xung b bi, chng ti a cc bn bi ngay trong lnhvc phn tch v lnh vc chin thut ca mn c.

Cng tc hun luyn nhiu nm ch cho ti thy rng vic tm kimnhng gii php (p n) cho d khng t c, n cng li mt n tnglu di v thi thc pht trin cc kh nng.

Vy chc cc bn gp nhiu may mn v hi lng!Nhng bi tp sau y ni chung ti s ch ai i tin, nhng ti s bn t

tm ly phi nh thng hay nh ho, v sau ny khi thi u bn u c ng giNoel ngi cnh ni vi bn l bn phi chi cho thng hoc phi chi cho ha.

BI TP 01 - 06

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(7+-+-+k+-'6-+-+-+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$

3+-+-zPK+-#2-+-+-+-+"1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

1.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(7+-+-+-+-'

6-+-zp-+-+&5+-mk-+-+-%4-+-+P+-+$3+-+-+-+-#2-+-+-+-+"1+K+-+-+-!xabcdefghy2.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(7+-zp-+-+K'6-+-+-+-+&

5+-+-+-+k%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-+-+-#2-+-+-+PzP"

1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy3.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(7+-+-+-+-'

6-+-+-+p+&5+p+p+-+-%4p+p+-mk-+$3zP-zP-+-+-#

2-zPP+-mKP+"1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

4.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(7zPP+-+-+-'

6r+-+-+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$

3+-mk-+-+-#2-+-+-+-+"1+K+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

5.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8R+-+-+-+(7+-+-+-mk-'6P+-+-+-+&

5+-mK-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-+-+-#2-+-+-+-+"

1tr-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy6.Trng i trc

BI HC TH HAI

Coi Chng Nhng Qun Xe

Trong bi hc trc, chng ta lm quen vi nhng quy lut tngqut v quan st to cho cc qun c mt s hot ng nhp nhng. Gi ychng ti xin mch ring cho cc bn mt s trng hp c th tng cnghiu lc ca ring tng qun c.

Chng ta bt u vi cp Xe. Mt ct dc c gi l m khi n khngc cht n ng, v gi l na m khi n ch c mt cht. Chin trng thun licho cc qun xe hot ng chnh l cc ng m. Bn tn cng trc phi cgng:1. t c s kim sot cht ch cc ng m.2. a mt hay hai xe xm nhp xung hng th by hoc hng th tm (i

vi en th hng th hai hoc th nht) v tn cng vo trn a i phng.Khi tin n cc hng , cp xe khng phi ch tn cng vo b binh cht v

thng chim u th v cht, m cn c nhng cuc tn cng nguy him chiu bvua i phng.

Vn c gia Botvinnik v Vidmar nh n nc th 26 th xut hin mt tnhth nh sau (xem hnh 4)

Mikhail Botvinnik - Milan Vidmar [D02] Groningen Groningen, 1946 [3]

XABCDEFGHY

8nmk-trl+-tr(7zp-zp-+pzpp'6Pzp-+p+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-zP-zPP+-+$

3+-+-mKPzP-#2-+-sN-+-zP"1tR-tR-+L+-!xabcdefghy

H4Xe trng to p lc trn ct na m c, Vic iu ng qun bt u bng

cch chng cp xe: 27.Xc3 c6

Cn phi m ng i cho qun M a8. 28.Xac8 f6

Qun en lp phng tuyn vng chc khng d g xuyn thng. 29.Mb1! Td7 30.Ma3

K hoch r: qun Trng mun m ct c bng b4-b5 ri xm nhp

xung hng ngang th 7. 30. Mc7

Nu 30.b5 th c5 s tr nn yu. Nhn y xin ni r v yu ccbn hiu. l mt m qun i phng rt d chim v khng c mt con chtno c th ngn cn na v khi qun no ca i phng chim rt kh ui i.V coi nh n c bc mt gip st ti v tr v n s gy kh d rt ln.

Nu nh 30.b5 th Botvinnik p li 31.Mb1 Mc7 32.Xa3 vi nc tip theol Mb1-c2-b3-c5 v p lc rt khng khip.

Vi 30.Xc8 ( ngn cn b4-b5) qun Trng s xm nhp vo hng ng iphng bng Mc4-d6 (d6 l yu).

31.b5! Mb5 32.Tb5 cb5 33.Xc7

Chng ta thy cht ng vai tr quan trng trong vic ph v phngtuyn cht i phng v c bit m ng cho Xe.

By gi vn th hai cng c gii quyt: qun Xe lt c xunghng th 7! (xem hnh 5)

XABCDEFGHY8-mk-tr-+-tr(7zp-tRl+-zpp'6Pzp-+pzp-+&

5+p+-+-+-%4-+-zPP+-+$

3sN-+-mKPzP-#2-+-+-+-zP"1+-tR-+-+-!xabcdefghy

H5 33. Xc8 Nh 33.b4 cho mt din bin rt p sau: 34.Xb7+ Va8 35.Xcc7 v

ti y 35.ba3 khng c v 36.Xa7+ Vb8 37.Xcb7+ Vc8 38.Xa8, thng. Chng ta ng qun rng qun Xe hng th 7 c h tr bi mt

qun hoc mt cht hng 6 s chiu ht vua i phng!Nu thay v i 35.ba3, qun en i: 35.Tc8 th 36.Xa7+ Vb8 Mb5, en

cng khng th chng nc chiu ht Xcb7.Th c t c sau 37.Mb5 gi cho ta mt s ghi ch tng qut: Ti sao cuc

tn cng ca Trng li c sc tn ph d di nh vy? Rt n gin v k cn Vual 2 qun Xe lin kt, mt qun M, li c con cht a6 h tr tn cng. Do m m cn phi ngn chn s xm nhp ca hai Xe trng bng nc 33.Xc8,nhng nc i ny li cho php Trng hy sinh qun tht bt ng:

34.Xb7+ Va8

35.Xd7!! Xc1 36.Mb5 Xhc8 Hai xe en phi gim st ct c. Qun Trng e da: 37.Xa7+ Vb8

38.Xb7+ Va8 39.Ma7+ v Xb8+ en cht Xe cng thua. 37.Xg7 Cc bn cn ghi nhn s tn ph ca qun Xe hng 7. 37. h6 38.Xa7+ Vb8 39.Xb7+ Va8 Lp li nhng nc i nh vy ly thi gian suy ngh cho nc sau

(y l mt kinh nghim trong thi u) 40.Xa7 Vb8 41.Xb7 Va8 42.g4

to con cht thng nguy him h2-h4-h5.S tr li ca qun en nhm nh ui cc qun i phng ang hm b

bng bt c gi no. Nhng Trng vn to c mt cht thng mnh. 42. e5 43.d5 Xd5 44.Xa7 Vb8 45.Xb7 Va8 46.Xb6 Xb8

47.Xb8 Vb8V th l ch c o su. Ci chin lc 2 Xe chin thng. Gi

y chng ta c tn cuc Xe chng vi M v trong tn cuc ny my con Cht tdo ca Trng c th to chin thng d dng khng i hi k thut kh khnno.

48.a7 Vb7!Nu 48.Va8 th Vua trng s n h tr nh thng: 49.d6 Xc8 50.Vd3!

Vb7 51.Mc7 Va7 52.Vc4Nc c en i nh trn l ging mt ci by nh: nu 49.d6? Xc8 50.Vd3

Xc1 51.Mc3 Xa1. 49.Md6 Va7 50.Me8 Vb6 51.Mf6 Xc3 52.Vf2 Xc7 53.h4 Xf7 54.Mh5 Vc7 55.g5! hg 56.hg Xh7 57.Mf6 Xh7 58.Vg3 Xh1 59.Vg2 Xh8 60.g6 en u hng.

V nu 60.Xh6 61.g7 Xg6 62.Vf2 Xg7 s b Me8 chiu bt cht Xe.V tr ca Vua cng b hm da khi Xe xm nhp xung hng th 8. Trong

vn c sau, mc tiu ny t c nh cch chi tinh kho v th trn.Taimanov - Lisitzine 1.d4 d52.c4 e63.Mf3 c64.Hc2 Mbd75.g3 Td66.Tg2 f5Mt tng tai hi: mt ln na nn i Mgf6 sau e6-e5 m ng

cho cho Tng c8.7.0-0 Mgf68.cd cdQun Trng t c mt u th v tr trong khai cuc: ct c m v Trng

s li dng mt cch thng minh.9.Mc3 a610.Tf4!

Qun Tng en d6 ngn cm xm nhp cc c5 v c7 trn ct c, vth Trng tm cch tiu dit qun phng th en ny (mt mu k thng dnghy dit bng cch i mt qun phng th ca mnh).

10. Tf4

11.gf 0-012.Ma4

Trng li i rt hay: ct c m v qun M c th chim c5, lm mt tinn rt mnh, hn ch s di chuyn ca i phng.

12. Mb6Dng nh ch cn mi cch hon tt vic trin khai qun.

13.Mc5 Hd614.Me5

Trng li thit lp mt tin n mi na !13. Xb8

en nn th tm cch i M bng nc 14.Mbd7 i Mc5. Nichung nn nghe li khuyn: Nu khng b mt s suy yu qu ln v v tr,th ta nn i hay ui ngay lp tc qun i phng ang ng mtv tr mnh.

15.a4 Ma8 vn c th th i Mbd7. Nhng en sai lm trong k hoch khi

mun thit lp mt h thng phng ng th ng kin c.16.a5

Tng cng v tr ca qun M c5, by gi th khng d g trc n rabng cht b7-b6 v Cht a6 tr nn rt yu.

16. Td717.Xfc1

Cui cng nh np sau tin n m qun Trng tng cng p lc ln ctc.

17. Tb518.e3 Xfc819.Xa3 Xc720.Xc3 He7 (Hnh 6)Thng cc ch yu ca i phng u c che khut, cn phi hc cch

pht hin ri tn cng vo cho tht mnh. Ging nh cuc chin tranh ngoii, trong c vua ngi ta cng tn cng i phng ch yu, ni thiu s chech.

Mark Taimanov - Georgy Lisitsin [D30] Leningrad Leningrad, 1949 [4]

XABCDEFGHY8ntr-+-+k+(

7+ptr-wq-zpp'6p+-+psn-+&

5zPlsNpsNp+-%4-+-zP-zP-+$3+-tR-zP-+-#

2-zPQ+-zPLzP"1+-tR-+-mK-!

xabcdefghyH6

V Taimanov pht hin c im yu ti b7 tuy b ngoi cngc bo v.

chim , trc ht phi loi tr qun tng ang bo v n. 21.Tf1 Tf1 22.Vf1 Xbc8 23.Hb3 Me8 Nhng th c hin ti cng chn mui cho mt n phi hp. 24.Mb7 Xb7 25.Hb7 Hb7 26.Xc6 Vf8 (Hnh 7)

XABCDEFGHY8n+R+nmk-+(7+q+-+-zpp'6p+-+p+-+&

5zP-+psNp+-%

4-+-zP-zP-+$3+-+-zP-+-#2-zP-+-zP-zP"1+-tR-+K+-!xabcdefghy

H727.Xb8! Li c mt nc a qun xe th nh xung hng 8, vn c sp kt

thc. Khng th Hb8 v 28.Md7+. Nu i cch khc 27.Ha7 th th c Trngcng mnh v n c 2 cch thng 28.Xe8 Ve8 29.Xc8 Ve7 30.Mc6

Hoc l 28.Xcc8 Mac7 29.Mc6 bt cht Hu en. Th nn:27. He728.Xa8 g629.Xcc8Hai Xe lin kt nhau, nhng nc tip theo bt buc phi i nh vy29. Vg730.Xe8 Hc731.Xec8 Hb732.Xab8 Ha733.Xh8! He7

34.Xbg8 Vh635.Xg6 Vh536.Xg3 Vh437.Mf3 Vh538.Xhg8 en u hng.R rng chng ta thy khng th nhng i phng m phi chin u

ginh cc ct m. Trong trng hp tng t nn bo v hoc c th tm thycch chng c vi nhng qun mnh trn ct b e da bng cch nhm vo vici qun. Thng thng qun nh (Tng hoc M) gy kh khn cho cp Xekhi chng c gng chc thng i phng. Trong tnh hung nh th phi tmnhng kh nng mi xm nhp.

V d sau y minh ha rt r chin lc ny Mikhail M Yudovich Sr. - Konstantin Klaman [A46]

USSR Championship Leningrad (10), 1947 [5]XABCDEFGHY

8r+-wq-trk+(7zppsnnvll+p'6-+p+-zpp+&5+-zPp+-+-%4-+-zP-+-+$

3+-sN-+N+P#2PzP-wQ-zPP+"1+-+RtRLmK-!

xabcdefghyH8

Qun Trng c mt u th v khng gian, ngoi ra mt trong hai Xeca n ang ng trn mt ct m duy nht, nhng nu Trng chng Xe mtcch my mc th chng khc no xch kim chm xung nc: 18.Xe2 Xe819.Xde1 Tf8 20.Xe8 Me8 v c th thy rng qun Trng khng th tng cngc v tr ca mnh. chim ly ct m khng phi l hon ton hay. Cn phi c nhng im xm nhp c, do trc ht Trng phi tm mt mc tiu tncng cnh Hu.

18.b4 b5 (Nu khng Trng s i 19.b5) 19.a4 a6 20.ab Thng c li th hn khi chng hai Xe trc khi i Cht v nht

l bn phng ng thiu ch chng Xe. 20. ab 21.Xa1 Xe8 22.Xa2! Hc8

23.Xea1 Hb7Qun en dng nh vn gi c tnh trng cn bng trn ct a. Nhng 24.Hb2 Me6 25.Xa3!Trng c nh s chi Xa1-a2 ri Ha1 chim lnh ct a. 25. Mc7 26.Xa5 Xa5 27.Xa5 Ma6 28.Ha3 Mab8en khng th i 28.Xa8 v 29.Mb5 cb 30.Tb5. Nhng by gi th Xe

xung chim hng th 7: 29.Xa7 Hc8 30.Mb5Cng rt mnh 30.Xc7 tip theo l Ha7 30. cb 31.Tb5 Vg7 32.Tb8 Mb8 33.Te8 He8 34.b5 Tf8 35.He3 Hc8 36.Hf4 en u hngKhng th chng s e da ng thi ca Xe a8 v ca M c5.

Chng ta xem xt mt v d sau v cng mt ct dc (c s dng tn cng)m Xe c t trc cc Cht, tham d vo cuc tn cng Vua i phng.

Najdorf,Miguel - Kotov,Alexander [E55] Mar del Plata Mar del Plata (15), 1957 [6]

XABCDEFGHY8-+rwq-trk+(7+p+l+pzpp'

6psn-+psn-+&5+-+-+-+-%4Pvl-zP-+-+$3+LsN-+N+-#2-zP-+QzPPzP"1tR-vLR+-mK-!

xabcdefghyH9

14.Xd3! Mbd5 15.Md5 Md5Tt hn th nn i 15.ed, nhng en m ng cho Tng Hu. 16.He4! Tc6

17.Me5 Mf6 18.Hh4 Td5?Tng ng l phi ln im e4 bo v cnh Vua. 19.Tg5 Te7 20.Xh3Chng ta thy y! Q!un Xe tng cng cho cuc tn cng vo h7. 20. Xe8Mt s hy sinh nh nhng, en mong mun vi nc 21.Tf6 Tf6 22.Hh7 Vf8

lm chm bt t tn cng ca i phng. Yu hn l nc 20.h6 do s hysinh h6.

21.Td1!ng vin thm lc lng tr b, mc tiu l f7. Cuc tn cng ca Trng

phi thng li, Trng c qun ng hn cnh Vua v qun M e5 c bit rtmnh.

21. Ha5 22.Th5 Xed822.Mh5 khng i n u v sau 23.Hh5 en khng th bo v cng mt

lc f7 v h7. 23.Tf7 Vf8 24.Th6!Trng c nc e da Tg7 24. Me8

25.Hf4!Li thm mt e da chiu b 26.Tg7 Mg7 27.Mg6 hg 28.Xh8 b. 25. Tf6 26.Tg7 Ve7 27.Te8 Tg7 28.Xh7Trng ban mt pht n hu v qun en u hng.Chng ta va thy vic ng vin cc qun mnh nh cp Xe l mt trong

nhng vn chnh ca trung cuc. Mc d trong bi hc ny, i tng nghincu l cc qun Xe, nhng chng ta phi thy s hot ng hiu qu nht ca nkhng th tch ri vi s hot ng ca cc qun khc. Lin kt phi hp, lcu thn ch.

BI TP 07 - 12

XABCDEFGHY8r+l+-+k+(

7zpp+n+-+p'6-+pvlp+-+&

5+-+psN-zP-%4-+PvLnsN-wq$3+P+-mKP+-#2P+Q+P+L+"1tR-+-+-tR-!xabcdefghy

7.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+r+ntrk+(7zp-+-+p+p'

6-zp-+p+pwQ&5snPwqltRN+-%

4-+-+-+-+$3zP-+L+-+-#

2-vLP+-zPPzP"1tR-+-+-mK-!

xabcdefghy8.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+-+-trk+(

7zppzp-+-zp-'6-+lzpq+-+&

5+-+-+pzPR%4-+-wQn+-+$3+-+-+N+-#

2PzPP+-zPP+"

1+-mK-+-+R!xabcdefghy9.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+-+k+ntr(7+pzp-+-zp-'6p+-+lzp-zp&5+-+-+q+-%4-+-wQN+-+$3+P+-+-+-#

2PvLP+-+PzP"1+-+RtR-mK-!

xabcdefghy10.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8rsn-+-trk+(

7zplzppwq-zpp'

6-zp-+pvl-+&5+-+-sN-+Q%4-+-zPN+-+$3+-+L+-+-#

2PzPP+-zPPzP"1tR-+-mK-+R!

xabcdefghy11.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+r+r+k+(

7+p+q+pzpp'6-+-zp-vl-+&

5zp-+P+-+-%4-+-wQ-+-+$3+-+-+N+-#

2PzP-+RzPPzP"

1+-+-tR-mK-!xabcdefghy12.Trng i trc

BI HC TH BA

Tng Tt V Tng Xu

Tng c xem l tt hay xu ty theo kh nng di ng nhiu hay t.Nu s ng cho do Tng kim sot cng nhiu th hot ng Tng cngkin hiu. Sau y l mt v d c rt ra t trn u trong thc t.

Baslavsky - KondratievXABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(

7+p+l+-mk-'6p+p+p+pzp&5+-zP-zP-+-%4-zP-+-zPKzP$3zP-+-+-+-#2-+-+L+-+"1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

H10V th hnh bn khng c g kh nh gi: Tng en b nhng con cht bn

hn ch hot ng. Ngc li Tng Trng l Tng tt v cc con cht ca nu en khng c g cn tr c. Trong khi cc con Cht en u ngkhng trn cc trng hnh thnh nhng mc tiu tn cng ca i phng ngthi gy tr ngi cho Tng ca mnh.

Chng ta s thy r mi quan h cht ch gia cc dy Cht vi cc qun ckhc ( y l hai qun Tng). Ngi ta c th ni rng phng tuyn Cht lxng sng ca v th vn c.

Sau y l nhng nc tip din: 1. Te6 2.Td3 Td7 3.Vf3 h5?en i h5 l yu, cn gi li sau ny i g6-g5. Gi y ang b dn vo th

b ng v th c th ng khng cn kh nng g phn cng l mm mngca s bi trn.

4.Ve3 Vf7 5.Vd4 Te8 6.Vc3 Ve7S bi ri ca en l mt bi hi kch! Bn Trng va to cho qun mnh c

kh nng pht huy hiu qu ti a. 7.Vb3 Vd8 8.Va4 Vc7 9.Va5 Tf7

10.Tc4 !Buc i phng phi lu y Tng en vo ng cho ngn nht (f7-g8) 10. Tg8 11.a4y Cht ln nhm tng cng sc mnh cho qun mnh. 11. Tf7 12.b5 ab 13.ab Tg8Nu 13.cb; Tb5 qun en khng th ngn chn s xm nhp ca Vua i

phng vo b6 hoc Tng c8. 14.b6 Vd8 15.Vb4 S e da Ta6 bt buc Vua en phi bo v Cht b7 v Vua trng s rnh

tay cnh vua. 15. Tf7 16.Vc3 Vd7 17.Vd4 g5Mt quyt nh t ngt thng kh cho qun Tng en. e da ca

Trng l f5 tip theo l Ve3-f4 ri xm nhp vo trn a qun en ginh thngli quyt nh.

18.fg Tg6 19.Ve3 Tc2

20.g6 Tg6 21.Vf4 Tf5 22.Te2Ti y qun Trng thng li rt nhanh chng.Trong c vua hin i cc kin tng thng s dng h thng khai cuc m

ch l ginh ng cho ln (a1/h8, h1/a8): nh h thng Catalan, n c,Phng ng Grunfeld.

Sau y l mt v d:Teschner - Tal

1.e4 c52.Mf3 Mc63.d4 cd44.Md4 Mf65.Mc3 d66.g3 g67.Tg2

Chnh xc hn th nn i 7.Mde2 trnh i qun nh sau:7. Md48.Hd4 Tg79.0-0 0-010.Hd3 Te611.Md5 Xc8

12.c3Rudolf Teschner - Mikhail Tal [B56]

Vienna ETC 5, 1957 [7]XABCDEFGHY

8-+rwq-trk+(7zpp+-zppvlp'6-+-zplsnp+&5+-+N+-+-%4-+-+P+-+$

3+-zPQ+-zP-#2PzP-+-zPLzP"1tR-vL-+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH11

Trng d nh v hiu ha Tg7 v hy vng i phng s bt M c t trung tm m thng ct e v Trng p lc ln ct ny.

Qun en buc phi phn ng quyt lit12. Xe8

gii phng qun Hu khi vic bo v cht

13.Te3?Nn ln g5, Tng s hot ng mnh hn.

13. Ha514.h3

ngn chn Mg4, Tahl tng rng Trng phi chi 14.a4 v anh ngh s iph 14.Td5 15.ed a6

14. Ha4!en i mt trong nhng nc ginh th, nc i kn o t ngi nhn ra. p

lc nhm vo cht e4 v chun b nc i ca Cht b5.15.Xfe1 b516.Tg5

Nc i ny phn nh mt s mt nc. Qun Trng cng c th i qun v hiu ha Tng g7: 16.Mf6 Tf6 17.Td4

Nhng Trng khng mun ch i qun cn bng m cn mun i phngi qun M tin n t n mt p lc trn cht e7. Hnh ng ny t ranh gi thp s phn cng ca en trn ng cho a1/h8.

16. Md517.ed Tf518.Hd2 b4

Pho i ca Trng b tn cng!19.c4

Khng i c: 19.cb Xc2!

19. Hc2Sau khi i Hu th s yu km ca Trng bn cnh hu cng ni r.

20.Hc2 S n gin ha: 20.Xe7 Hd2 21.Xe8 Xe8 22.Td2 Tb2 23.Xe1 tht bi do mt

chin thut nh: 23.Xe1 24.Te1 Tc3! v Trng thua.20. Tc2 (hnh 12)

XABCDEFGHY8-+r+r+k+(

7zp-+-zppvlp'6-+-zp-+p+&5+-+P+-vL-%4-zpP+-+-+$3+-+-+-zPP#2PzPl+-zPL+"1tR-+-tR-mK-!

xabcdefghyH12

By gi th r rng l cp Tng ca qun en hot ng tch cc hn nhiuso vi tm hot ng ca Tng trng g2 bi Cht d5. Cn Tng g5 cng v

tch s nu i th bin 21.Xe7 Xe7 22.Te7 Tb2 23. Xe1 Te5, en u th r.21.Xa1 Td322.Xe3

Trng khng th chng c c nu a vo th bin i qun n gin hanh sau: 22.b3 Tb2 23.Xcd1 Tc2 24.Xd2 Tc3 v nu 22.Xe7 Tb2 23.Xce1 Xe724.Te7 Tc3! tip theo l Tc4 v Ta2.

22. Tb223.Xd3 Tc124.Tc1 Xc425.Td2 Xb826.Te3 a5

Trong khi Trng khng t c mc ch l gia tng hot ng cho cpTng th en a thm mt con ch bi mi: l con cht t do rt nguy himbn cnh Hu:

27.Xd2 a428.Tf1 Xc1

Xe tin xung hng ngang th nht!29.Xb2 Xa130.Vg2 a331.Xc2

Chim ly ct c khng cn quan trng na: con Cht t do ca en nguyhim v cng.

31. b332.ab a233.Te2 Xg134.Vg1 a1/H

v Trng sm u hngTrong vn c ny cp Tng linh hot ng mt vai tr ln nh mt cy v

cm u tin ca mt dn nhc, gp phn vo s thng li. Tuy nhin en khngth thng nu khng c s phi hp gia hai mu thut: s dng ng m vcht t do.

Trong vn c tip theo sau y, cuc chin u cng xoay quanh vn slinh hot ca cp Tng nhng n lin quan cht ch vi nhng yu t v tr cngrt quan trng..V d ny ch cho chng ta mt cch hon ho phng php camt Kin tng rn luyn cc k hoch trn bn c v linh ng p dng trongcc trng hp ra sao.

Kotov-Szabo 1.d4 Mf6 2.c4 g6 3.Mc3 Tg7 4.e4 d6 5.f3S nguy him ca th bin theo h thng Samisch l tng ch yu nhm

phong ta cc Cht trung tm ri tn cng hai bn cnh.

5. 0-0 6.Te3 e5 7.d5 Mh5 8.Hd2 f5Tn cng vo cnh sn t trung tm ca Trng bng mt cht. 9.0-0-o Md7 10.Td3 Mc5Khi u ca mt k hoch sai lm. Tt hn nn i 10.Mf4! (Bronstein) v

sau 11.Tc2 th tip tc 11.Mb6 buc Trng i b2-b3. 11.Tc2 f4en c k hoch khp kn cuc c: Tng g7 hu nh chn chn v 11.Mb6

s bo v k vng trung tm th Tng khng i c. 12.Tf2 a6 13.Mge2 a5iu t hi nht trong c vua l khi chn mt k hoch ri li phi nh ch

gia chng. y, lc u Szabo d nh mt cuc phn cng bng 13.b5.Nhng sau ng ch nc 14.b4 ca i phng, tip l c4-c5 khin iphng rt mnh.

Bng nc i trong bi, t ra cng phi th bo v M c5. 14.Vb1 Nc phng ny thng rt c ch khi nhp thnh xa, n bo v a2 v

nhng ch c1 cho M hoc Xe.

14. Td7 15.Mc1 Xf7 16.Md3 b6 17.Xc1 Tf6 18.Xhf1 Th4en mun loi b qun Tng xu ca mnh, nhng tt hn nn i 18.a4.

C l Kotov va ri i qun Xe khin cho i phng i qun Tng v nghrng nu chm tr th Kotov s i 19.Tg1 v Tng h4 s linh hot.

Nhng Trng p li bng mt nc bt ng: 19.Tc5!Trng i nc ny do Cht e5 khng cn c Tng en bo v. S i qun

to ra mt im yu mi cho en: Cht a5 c lp s tr thnh mc tiu tn cngca Trng.

Chc hn qun en s chim ly ct b nhng phi dm chp nhn khi muntn cng quyt lit i phng v i khi phi cho li i phng mt vi th. Vd nhin, trong trng hp c bit nu cn, Trng c th chim li ct ny.

19. bc (hnh 13)Kotov,Alexander - Szabo,Laszlo [E87]

Candidates Tournament Zuerich (15), 26.09.1953 [8]XABCDEFGHY

8r+-wq-+k+(

7+-zpl+r+p'6-+-zp-+p+&

5zp-zpPzp-+n%4-+P+Pzp-vl$3+-sNN+P+-#

2PzPLwQ-+PzP"1+KtR-+R+-!xabcdefghy

H13 20.Ta4!Cc vai tr gi y b o ngc! Chnh Trng l bn mun vt b Tng xu

ca mnh v en khng th trnh s i qun ny. Tht th, nu 20.Tc8 21.Tc6Xa6 22.Mb5 v con Tng c6 qu mnh.

20. Ta4 21.Ma4 Hd7 22.Mc3 g5en cm thy nguy him nn gp rt tm cch phn cng bn cch Vua. Cn

Trng ang e da Mb5 ri Xc3-a3. 23.h3 Mf6

24.Mb5 h5Mt cuc chin u hp dn: ai s l ngi ginh thng li? 25.Xh1Kotov tm ra phng php phng ng cnh Vua mt cch t tn lc lng

nht. Nguyn tc tit kim l vn ct li trong phng ng: cng c t qun chophng ng th cng c nhiu lc lng tn cng.

25. Xh7 26.Xc3 g4 27.hg hg 28.Xa3 Tg3 29.Xh7 Hh7Szabo thnh cng trong vic bo v gin tip Cht a5: nh hu ang e

da Cht g2 ca Trng. 30.Mc1! Hh1 (hnh 14)

XABCDEFGHY8r+-+-+k+(7+-zp-+-+-'

6-+-zp-sn-+&5zpNzpPzp-+-%

4-+P+Pzpp+$

3tR-+-+Pvl-#2PzP-wQ-+P+"1+KsN-+-+q!xabcdefghy

H14Hu en xm nhp vo trn a ca ch, nhng cuc tn cng ca Trng

th nguy him hn v nhng l do sau y:1.V tr ca Vua trng t s h hn.2.Qun M b5 tn cng linh hot hn qun Tng g3. Do tip din l: 31.Mc7 gf 32.gf Xa7 33.Me6 Te1 Hd1! Xh7 35.Xd3 Trng i nh vy nhm chng li en e da Xh2 ri Td2. 35. Xh2 36.a3M l thng kh (m ca s) cho Vua! 36. Md7 37.Ha4 Hg2 38.Xb3!

Kotov phi hp rt bit ti gia tn cng v phng ng. 38. Tc3Dp may cui cng, nu Trng mc by m i 39.Hd7 th Hb2 40.Xb2 Xb2

41.Va1 Xb7 42.Va2 Xd7 v en Thng.Nhng mt nc hi sinh ngon mc dp tt hy vng ca en: 39.Me2! V en u hng v nu: 39.He2 40.Xb8 Mb8 41.He8 tip theo s chiu

b.Mt ng cho ng kn, mun khai thng thng phi hi sinh mt con Cht.Hy xem on kt thc ca vn c gia Szchujowicky - Boleslavsky

din ra nh sau:

XABCDEFGHY8r+-wqr+k+(7+-zpl+-vlp'

6-zp-zp-zpp+&5zp-snN+-+-%

4-+P+P+-+$3+P+-vL-zPP#2P+-wQ-zPL+"

1+-+RtR-mK-!xabcdefghy

H15 20.e5! Xe5Nu nh 20.de 21.Tc5 bc 22.Mf6. Cn nu 20.fe 21.Tg5 Hb8 22.Mf6 Tf6

23.Tf6 Xa7 24.Hh6 Me6 25. Td5! v Tng trng tr nn linh hot gp phnquyt nh thng li cho Trng.

21.Tc5 bc 22.Mf6 Tf6 23.Xe5 Xb8nc e da l Hh5 24.Xee1v Trng thng.Rt nhiu kin tng thch bo v cp Tng ngay khi khai cuc. Ngi ta

khng th no tin liu c cp Tng ca i phng s gy kh khn c notrong trung cuc hay tn cuc. S lin kt ca cp Tng l mi nguy him cbit trong nhng th c thong, thng n lm t lit lc lng ch.

Sau y l mt v d.Smyslov Botvinnik 1.e4 c5 2.Mf3 Mc6 3.d4 cd

4.Md4 Mf6 5.Mc3 d6 6.Tg5 e6 7.Te2 Te7 8.0-0 0-0 9.Mbd5Tn cng vo Cht d6 v ch. Tt hn nn i 9.Vh1 chun b f2-f4 9. a6! 10.Tf6 gfn Tng ln f6 cng c, v nu 11.Mh6 Hc7 v ri p lc ca Tng f6

cng ng gi mt con Cht hy sinh. V phn Trng cng phi tnh n mi eda Tc3.

11.Md4 Vh8 12.Vh1 Xg8 13.f4 Td7 14.Tf3?Li mt li lm na! ng l phi phong ta bng 14.f5 v tip Th5 v

Me2-f4. 14. Xc8 15.Mc6Ha n v ch! Smyslov tht vng v khng khai thc c g khai cuc nn

khng bit nn lp k hoch no, do ang tm cch n gin ha cuc c.

Nhng Smyslov li qun mt nguyn tc: khng bao gi nn i qun m choi phng tng cng sc mnh khu trung tm.

15. bc 16.Me2 d5 17.f5Nc i ny chng gy kh khn g cho qun en, ngc li n cn m ra

ng cho h2-b8 cho Tng en. Th th Trng nn i nc no? Krs cho rngnc i tng i kh nht l 17.Hd3 v nhng nc tip theo l: 17.de 18.Te4f5 19.Xad1 Xc7 20.Tf3 Hc8 ri c6-c5 vi u th cho qun en.

17. Hc7 18.c4 dc 19.Hd4 c5 20.Hc4 Td6Cp Tng bt u cho thy ting rng ca mnh! 21.g3 Tb5 22.Hc2 efCng mt lc m ra ng cho h1/a8 v ct e. Trng lu di cng phi gc

ng. 23.ef Xce8 24.Xf2 Xe3 25.Tg2 He7Chng Xe v Hu tn cng chng ta thy ri

26.Mg1 Td3 27.Hd2 c4 28.Xf3 Xe8 29.Xd1 Tc5 30.b3 (hnh 16)

Vasily Smyslov - Mikhail Botvinnik [B60]match-tournament Ch World , Hague/Moscow (Neth, 27.01.1948)

[9]XABCDEFGHY

8-+-+r+-mk(7+-+-wqp+p'6p+-+-zp-+&5+-vl-+P+-%4-+p+-+-+$

3+P+ltrRzP-#2P+-wQ-+LzP"1+-+R+-sNK!xabcdefghy

H16

30. Xe1!Cui cng ri cng xuyn qua xung hng ngang th nht. Cc bn hy ch

hot ng ca cp Tng lm t lit qun Trng nh th no. 31.bc Tc4 32.Tf1Khng cn cch no cn Tg1 nhng by gi th Trng cng phi mt cht. 32. Xd1 33.Hd1 Xd8 34.Hc2 Td5 35.Hc3 Td4 36.Hd3 He3en i nh th l n gin nht. 37.He3 Te3 38.Tg2 Tf3 39.Tf3 Xd2 40.Me2 Xa2Trng u hng.

BI TP 13-18

XABCDEFGHY8r+l+-trk+(

7zpp+n+-zpp'6-+p+p+-+&

5+-+p+psNq%4-+PzP-zPn+$3+-+LzP-zP-#2PzP-+N+Kvl"1tR-vLQ+R+-!

xabcdefghy13.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+r+l+-+(

7zpp+-mkp+p'

6-sn-+p+-+&5+-wq-+-+-%4-+PsNr+-+$3+L+-+-wQ-#2P+-+-+PzP"1+-+R+R+K!xabcdefghy14.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+r+-+-+(

7zpp+qsnk+p'6-+-+Nzpp+&5+-+p+-+-%4-+-+-+Q+$3+-+-+-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"

1+-tR-tR-mK-!xabcdefghy15.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-vl-+k+(

7+pzp-+rzpp'6r+-sn-zp-vL&5zp-+N+q+-%4-+-wQ-+-+$3+-+-+-tR-#

2PzPP+-zPPzP"1+-+-tR-mK-!

xabcdefghy16.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+rtr-+k+(7+-+-+pvlR'

6-wq-+p+p+&5+lsN-+-+-%4p+-zP-+p+$3zP-+-zP-+-#

2LzPQmK-zPP+"1+-+-+-+R!xabcdefghy17.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+-wq-+r+(

7zpp+-sn-mkp'6-+p+pzp-+&5+-+-zp-+Q%4-+-+P+-sN$3+-zPP+-+-#2P+P+-+PzP"

1tR-+-+RmK-!xabcdefghy18.Trng i trc

BI HC TH T

Cc Qun Cht: Nhng Mc Tiu Tn Cng

Chng ta ch nhn lt qua cc bi hc trc: Cht l xng sng v trphng th. Do ch ng ca Cht m mt s im trn phng tuyn c bov hay khng c bo v, hoc ni ng hn s im c gi l mnh hayyu.

Chng ta hy xem xt vn c sau:Besrutchko - Koblentz

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(

7zpp+-mkp+p'6-tr-tr-+p+&

5+-zp-zp-+-%4-+PsnP+-+$3+-+-+P+-#

2PzP-tR-mKPzP"1tR-+-+L+-!xabcdefghy

H17Tht rt d thy rng qun M chim d4 l mt v tr mnh v kh m trc

xut n ra khi ch . M d4 l im yu ca Trng. Qun M en ng l vng trung tm n cng linh hot. Tnh th ca Trng cng nguy ngp thm doc qun Tng xu v cht ca n u ng trong cc trng.

Chnh do cuc tn cng phi hp hai cnh m qun en chin thng: 26.Xb1 Xa6! 27.b4Nu nh 27.b3 th s b chn li bng Xdb6 ri Xa3 tip l a7-a5-a4. Cn

nh 27.a3 th 27.Xdb6 ri Xb3 v Xab6 27. Xdb6 28.b5 Xa3 Xbb2 Xc3ngn chn 30.Xd3 30.a4 f5! 31.efTnh th ca Trng cng s rt nguy kch sau khi 31.Vg1 fe 32.fe Xe3 33.Td3

Xf6! 34.h3 h5 tip theo l g6-g5-g4-g3Sau nc i trong bi, qun en c c mt Cht t do kh ngn chn n

xung. 31. gf 32.a5

ui Xetrong lc n tnh i! 32. Xe6Ch ng ca Xe phi sau Cht t do h tr trn bc ng tin ti ca

n. 33.Vg1 e4 34.fe fe 35.Xd1Vi v chun b phong ta con Cht t do ny li 35. e3 36.Xe1 Xc2Cch tt nht thanh ton nhng qun ngn cn Cht. 37.Xc2 Mc2 38.Xe2Xe l loi qun phong ta ti nht v n d l mc tiu cho Tng hoc M tn

cng. 38. Md4 39.h3Nu 39.Xe1 e2 39. Me2v Trng sm u hng.Nu by gi chng ta xem hnh 17 v sa i Cht d4 t c3 th cht ny

bo v c d4 khng cho M en chim, ng thi Tng trng s c ch tt

c4. Qun Trng s u th nhiu.iu ny ch cho chng ta phi ht sc cn thn khi i Cht. l b binh, n

ch tin ch khng c li, mi bc tin ca Cht phi c thc hin cht chtheo yu cu ca tnh th, nhng ch yu ca Cht phi ht sc trnh, Tm gnl phi tht cn nhc trc khi i Cht.

Chng ta cng ng qun rng nhng im yu ca Cht thng c nh luv to thnh mc tiu cho i phng tn cng.

Chng ta hy xem vi v d sau:

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(7+-+-+pzpp'6-+-+-+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-+-+-#

2-+-+-zPPzP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H18

y l mt dng vng chc nht ca Cht, n bo m cho vic tn cng lnphng ng, v i xung kch ny ang trong tnh trng ngn cm i phng xngvo bt c ch no.

Nu v th m chng ta y cht g ln mt th lp tc cc im f3 v h3 str thnh nhng im yu v s phi chu nhng hu qu nghim trng.

Sau y l mt s kiu khc v cht yu.

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(

7zpp+-+pzpp'6-+-zp-+-+&5+-+-zp-+-%4-+-+P+-+$3+-zP-+-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H19 en c Cht d6 yu

XABCDEFGHY

8-+-+-+k+(7zp-+-+pzpp'6-+p+p+-+&5+-zp-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$

3+-+P+-zP-#2P+-+PzP-zP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H20 Cht en a7 c lp, Cht c6, c5 chng.

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(

7zppzpp+pzpp'6-+-+p+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+PzP-+-+$

3zP-zP-+-+-#2-+-+PzPPzP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H21 Trng c cht a3 c lp, Cht c3, c4 l cht chng.

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(

7zpp+-+pzpp'6-+-+-+-+&

5+-+p+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-zP-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H22 en c Cht d5 c lp yu

XABCDEFGHY

8-+-+-+k+(7zp-+-+pzpp'6-+-+-+-+&

5+-zpp+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-zP-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H23 en c Cht a7 c lp, Cht c5, d5 cng d b tn cng.

XABCDEFGHY8-+rtr-+k+(

7zp-wq-+-vl-'6-zp-zpl+pzp&5+-+-zp-+-%4-+P+N+-+$

3+P+-wQ-zP-#2P+-+-zPLzP"1+-tRR+-mK-!

xabcdefghyH24 vn gia Smyslov v Denker

Trong hnh 24: con Cht d6 c nh, n ang cn mt qun khc bo v v nmc tiu tn cng ca i phng. Smyslov, cu v ch ch cho chng ta ci cchtn cng vo mt im yu nh th no.

Trong khi en tm cch xa b ch yu bng cch i Cht d6-d5 th Trngbng mi cch phi ngn cn nc i ny ri tng cng sc p ln im yuvi tt c cc qun c th huy ng c.

24.Mc3! He7 25.Td5!Nu qun Tng en b i th im d5 s yu i v vic y cht d6-d5 tr

nn kh khn. 25. Vh7 26.Te6 He6 27.Xd3Tng cng p lc. 27. Xc7 28.Xcd1 Xf6

Qun en tm cch phn cng trn ct f. 29.Me4M va bo v f2 va tn cng Cht d6. i phng vi Tng en tm thi

phi chu ng vai tr th ng. 29. Tf8 30.Xd5 Hg4 31.X1d3Hi sm nu i 31.Md6 Td6 32.Xd6 Hd1! 31. Te7Nu 31.He6 32.c5! 32.Md6 Td6 33.Xd6 Xdf8 34.He5!iu ny hon ton c tnh ton rt chnh xc. 34. Xf2 35.Xd7 X2f7 36.Xf7 Xf7 38.He8 g5 39.Hh8 Vg5 40.Xd6 Vf7 41.Hh6V Trng thng.

Trong v th sau y (hnh 25), Cht e2 l Cht chm nhng tnh th li thunli hn nu cn tin Cht e3 tr bt p lc. Nhng giai on trung cuc nuqun c i bn cn nhiu, vic tin cht e2-e3 s khng cn qun bo v d3 vcht ny s tr thnh mc tiu tn cng ca i phng.

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+-+(

7zp-+-+pmkp'6-zp-+-+p+&5+-zp-+-+-%4-+-zp-+-+$3+-+P+-zP-#

2PzP-+PzPKzP"1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

H25Trong v d tip sau, chng ta s thy qun en chn k hoch tn cng Cht

e2. Nhng s tn ny khng thc hin ring r m phi c phi hp trong siu ng ton lc lng. Tuy nhin s hin din ca con Cht lc hu e2 s lnh uc soi ng cho qun en.

Lisitzin Botvinnik 1.Mf3 c5 2.c4 Mf6 3.g3 d5 4.cd Md5 5.Tg2 Mc6 6.0-0Trng cn phi i 6.d4, cn i nh trn l mt sai lm v ngay t khai cuc

phi chu nhng hu qu lu di. 6. e5 7.d3 Te7 8.Mbd2 0-0 9.Mc4 f6 10.Te3 Te6 11.a4Bo m ch ng ca M c4 nhng lm yu vnh vin b4. 11. Hd7 12.Hd2 b6 13.Xfc1 Xac8 14.Hd1 Vh8 15.Td2 Xfd8 16.Hb3 Mc7

17.Tc3 Xb8 18.Hc2 Md5 19.Mfd2 Xbc8 20.Mf1 Md4! (hnh 26)

Georgy Lisitsin - Mikhail Botvinnik [A04]Russia Ch Leningrad, Leningrad, 1932 [10]

XABCDEFGHY8-+rtr-+-mk(7zp-+qvl-zpp'6-zp-+lzp-+&

5+-zpnzp-+-%4P+Nsn-+-+$3+-vLP+-zP-#2-zPQ+PzPLzP"1tR-tR-+NmK-!

xabcdefghyH26

Tnh hnh cho thy Trng kh tm ra c mt phng n c th: v tr vngchc ca en trung tm bp nght t trng nc cc k hoch phn cng

ca Trng.K hoch ca en nh sau: sm mun g Trng cng i qun Md4 v M

ng ch c qu. Nhng nh vy s m ct e ra v en c th to p lc lnCht chm e2.

21.Hd1Trng th khng bt M ngay 21. Tg4!Nh ni, khng th M d4 m nu i Cht e2-e3 s lm yu mt cch

nguy him Cht d3. Gi th phi bt M thi. 22.Td4 ed 23.Hd2 Tf8en khi u mt k hoch mi, nhng qun c mnh c a vo chim

lnh ct e nhm tiu dit Cht e2. 24.Xe1 Xe8 25.h4 Th3 26.Tf3 Xe7 27.Mh2 Xce8 28.Vh1 Te6!Trng e da loi Tng en ra ngoi vng chin u bng cch i Cht g4.

Nhng khng phi l nguyn nhn chnh khin en phi lui Tng v. LuiTng v l a Tng ln d5 khiu khch Trng i Tng v s tn cngquyt lit Cht e2.

29.b3 Mb4Hu qu ca nc a2-a4, qun M en ng b4 mnh v cng. 30.Tg2 Td5! 31.Mf3 Xf7Botvinnik chi vn c hon ton logich. Trng khng th m vng vy

khu trung tm do ng c th tng cng kh nng hot ng ca cc qunmt cch lng l khng s g c. ca nc i sau cng n gin thi, to choTng f8 c ng hot ng (xem hnh 27).

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+rvl-mk(7zp-+q+rzpp'6-zp-+-zp-+&5+-zpl+-+-%

4PsnNzp-+-zP$3+P+P+NzP-#2-+-wQPzPL+"1tR-+-tR-+K!xabcdefghy

H27

32.Vh2 Td6 33.Th3 Hd8 34.Xab1 Xfe7 35.Mg1 Tc7 36.Ma3 Tb7Vi nc e da Hd5, en bt buc Trng phi lo i Tng v s lm suy

yu v tr Vua trng. V th chn mui cho mt cuc nh thc vo cnh Vua.Mt nguyn tc c dy rng: p lc vo khu trung tm, sm mun g cngcho php mt cuc tn cng bn cnh (cnh Vua hoc cnh Hu).

37.Tg2 Tg2! 38.Vg2 Md5 39.Mc2 Hd6!Cc e da chin thut xut hin Md5-e3 40.Ma3 Me3 41.Vh1 Mg4 42.Hf4V tr qun Trng sp nh lu i bng giy. Nu 42.Xf1 Hd5 cn nh

42.Vg2 Mf2Ta thy r kt qu ca cng vic a Tng ln f8 tham gia trn chin. 42. Hf4 43.gf Mf2 44.Vg2 Md3

Qun Trng u hng.Hnh 28: V th ca trn u gia Lasker v Capablanca. Trong th c ny

Lasker chn mt nc tht bt ng.Emanuel Lasker - Jose Raul Capablanca [C68]

St Petersburg f St Petersburg, 1914 [11]XABCDEFGHY8r+l+r+k+(

7+pzp-sn-zpp'6p+pvl-zp-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+-+PzP-+$3+NsN-+-+-#2PzP-+-+PzP"1tR-vL-+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH28

12.f5!Xt theo phng din tnh ca s vt th y l mt li nng v chin lc.

Con Cht e4 tr thnh con Cht chm ng sau khng hi vng g xung c cn

en th kim sot e5!Nhng nu chng ta o su hn v th vn c trn, chng ta s khm ph ra

l Trng mc du c nhng im yu v v tr nhng li c nhiu iu kin thunli rt d khai thc, l nhng yu t ng.

Sau y l nhng kh nng m ra cho Trng:1- Hot ng ca qun Tng i en c tng cng.2- Hn ch ti a kh nng hot ng ca M v Tng i phng3- C th a M ln ng cht e6. By gi ta s thy Lasker tnh ton i mt s yu km khu

trung tm bng nhng li th quan trng hn. Chin lc v s n b khng nn xem nh l mt s ph nh chung

nhng nguyn tc ca lun l, m y l mt s c khi ngi ta nhng cho iphng mt u th no l c n b li mt u th khc.

Phng php ny thng rt c Lasker s dng v n cng ccc tay kin tng hin i nh gi cao trong thc t thi u. c bit i vinhng tay kin tng X Vit rt hay to nhng hay cht yu ngay trong v thca mnh nh la i phng hoc cng nhng cho i phng nhng ctm chuyn sang cnh i din chin u. v trin khai nhng k hoch cnhiu ha hn.

Ti Porto-Roz nm 1959, ginh li cuc phn cng, Tahl choFischer chng 2 Xe hng th 7. y l mt s tnh ton rt phiu lu, nhngchin lc v s nhn nhng bn thn n bao hm nhng tnh ton liu lnh.

Ngy nay nhng thi phng th th ng ngy cng him, giaion quyt nh, ngi ta b mc nhng im yu ca mnh bt thn achin trn sang mt ni khc, y cng l mt chin php rt thng c sdng.

Chi vi mt u th m tay ny ch ngh n chuyn cu ha th nichi mt cch khiu khch nh a bn bn ming h, chng mng n nguyhim. Nu i th ca bn ni nng bi thi xc xc ca bn, t b li chith ng v chp nhn chin trn th ni chung anh ta thng mt bnh tnh v sri xung vc thm!

Mt tin trnh nh th i hi ngi chi phi bit s dng chin lcv s n b vi nhng tnh ton tht tinh tng.

Hin nay, nhng h thng khai cuc hon chnh u c xy dng trnquan im ny: bung khu trung tm cho i phng khng ch k c cnh Vuana s c n b bng mt u th cht cnh hu cng vi mt qun Tnglinh hot ni g7.

Nhng r rng l bt c phng php tn cng no cng i hi:1- Phi c kin thc hon ho v cc qui tc :bnh thng.2- Phi c mt kh nng vng chc nh gi tnh th ngay c nhng tnh

hung tinh t phc tp nht (cn nhc li hi cho chnh xc).3- Phi c trc gic4- Phi c c tng tng phong ph vi cht t liu lnh cng tinh thn lc

quan hp l.

5- Phi c thi quen tnh ton mau l v chnh xc mi th bin.6- Phi c mt k thut vt bc.

Ch ring chin lc v n b cng gii thch c rt nhiu tng mim ca nhng tay kin tng hin i (d nhin trong s c th c Lasker!).

Tht th v theo di tip nhng pht trin ny trong tng lai. By gi th chng ta tr li vn c gia Lasker v Capablanca: 12. b6Nhm tn cng vo Cht e4, nhng k hoch ny chm qu, v li im e6

khng c che ch. Tt hn l nn i 12.Td7 ri Xad8. 13.Tf4 Tb7?Vi nc i ny en ph b c cp Cht chng, nhng li to ra mt im

yu na d6. 14.Td6 cd 15.Md4 Xad8 16.Me6Vi ch ng ny, qun M Trng gy nhiu kh khn cho en vng trung

tm. Tnh th ca en tht l thp t nht sinh!. 16. Xd7 17.Xad1 Mc8 18.Xf2 b5 19.Xfd2 Xde7 20.b4

Trng tip tc gy kh khn cho en v en khng y Cht c6-c5 c gii phng cho Tng. Ngc li khi i nc ny Trng lm yu c4 ca mnh,nhng so vi yu cu gi Tng en b7 bt ng th c phi i.

20.. Vf7 21.a3 Ta8 22.Vf2 Xa7 23.g4Tng bc, qun Trng chun b mt cuc tn cng bn sn. 23. h6 24.Xd3 a5 25.h4 ab 26.ab Xae7 27.Vf3 Xg8 28.Vf4 g6 29.Xg3 g5t tai hi hn. en nn i 28.gf v by gi Trng chim ly ct h. 30.Vf3 Mb6 31.hg hg 32.Xh3!i khi ngi ta ng trc mt vn nan gii: hai ng ng bit chn

ng no? Hoc n cht ri cho i phng c hi phn cng, hoc l tmcch bp cht t trong trng nc mi m mu phn cng ca ch?

iu ny ph thuc vo tnh th c th v ty tng quan lc lngca ta v lc lng phn cng quyt nh, nhng ni chung ngi ta thngchn con ng th hai. Lasker cng lm nh th, v ng nh gi rng nu33.Xd6 th qun en c th chi Xh8 ri Mc4. Nc phng nga trc cng l mtvn quan trng ca trng phi hin i.

32. Xd7 33.Vg3!Chun b cho mt n phi hp tip theo 33. Ve8 34.Me4 Md5 35.M6c5Mt con M st xing. 37. Tc8Nu chy Xe d7 th 38.Mb7 ri 39.Md6 n Xe. 38.Md7 Td7 39.Xh7 Xf8 40.Xa1Bao vy ton b! 40. Vd8 41.Xa8 Tc8 42.Mc5V en u hng.

Nh chng ta va thy, nc i ng ngi 12.f4-f5 khng mang li huqu ng ch no! Ti sao vy? V en khng lt qua c phn cng. Tuynhin chng ta c th tin chc mt phng php chin u kiu tht s l condao hai li v vy phi ht sc thn trng.

BI TP 19 - 24

Trong nhng bi tp ny cn tm nhng nc i chim ly v tr mnh ginhthng li.

XABCDEFGHY8rsnl+n+k+(7+p+-+rvlp'

6p+-zp-+p+&5wq-zpPzp-zPP%

4P+P+Pzp-+$3+-sN-+-+-#2-zP-vLLzP-+"

1tR-+QmK-sNR!xabcdefghy19.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8rsn-wq-trk+(

7zplzp-snpvlp'6-zp-+-+p+&5+-+-zp-+-%4-+L+P+-+$

3+-zP-vLN+-#2PzP-sNQzPPzP"1tR-+-mK-+R!

xabcdefghy20.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+l+r+k+(

7zpp+-+pzpp'6-+p+-+-+&5+-+-zP-+-%4-+-zp-zP-wq$3+-sNLtR-+P#

2PzPQ+-+P+"1+-+-+RmK-!

xabcdefghy21.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+ktr-vl-tr(7zpl+n+p+-'

6-+q+pzP-+&5+-+-+-vL-%4PzpLzp-+-+$3+-+-+PsN-#2-zP-+-+PzP"

1tRQ+-+RmK-!xabcdefghy

22.en i trc

XABCDEFGHY8-+-tr-trk+(

7zp-+-+p+p'6qvlp+l+p+&

5+-+-wQ-+-%4P+pzP-+P+$3tR-+-+-+-#2-zP-+-zPLzP"1+-vL-+RmK-!

xabcdefghy23.Trng i trc

XABCDEFGHY8r+-sn-+rmk(7+-wqlvl-snp'

6p+-zp-zppvL&5+p+Pzp-+-%4-+p+P+P+$

3+-zP-sNNtRP#

2PzPL+QzP-+"1+-+-+-tRK!xabcdefghy

24.en i trc

BI HC TH NM

Li Vn Nhng Con Cht Yu

Cc cht f2, f3 b chng, Cht h2 b c lp. Mt tnh th ca cht nhvy s c bit nguy him khi Vua nm tip cn ti . V tr ca Vua b bc l vs b chiu bt ng.

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(7+-+-+pzpp'6-+-+-+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$3+-+-+P+-#2-+-+-zP-zP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H29Ljublinsky - Lilienthal 1.e4 e5

2.Mf3 Mc6 3.Mc3 Mf6 4.Tb5 Md4 5.Ta4 Tc5 6.0-0 0-0 7.Me5L thuyt cho y l mt nc i km, tt hn nn i 7.d3 7. d6 8.Mf3 Tg4Mt s ghim qun kh chu! M trng gi y bt ng v n i th kt qun

Hu di b Tng bt. Lc nc 8, M cng th v c4 v khi: 8.Mc4 Tg49.He1 Mf3 10.gf Tf3 v en m cuc tn cng. Trng khng chng ni.

9.d3 Md7Hm nhy M ln e5 tng cng p lc. 10.Td7 Hd7 11.Te3 Mf3 12.gf Th5Mc tiu u tin ca k hoch chin lc t: nh s ghim qun lm

cho v tr Vua trng b bc l. Gi y qun en cn tn cng khng chm tr vocnh yu ca Trng. Hnh 30

XABCDEFGHY8r+-+-trk+(

7zppzpq+pzpp'6-+-zp-+-+&5+-vl-+-+l%4-+-+P+-+$

3+-sNPvLP+-#2PzPP+-zP-zP"1tR-+Q+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH30

13.Vg2 f5! 14.e5Vi bt c gi no qun Trng khng ct f m ra, nu khng Trng s

nhanh chng mt f3. 14. f4 15.Tc5 dc 16.He2 Xae8 17.Xae1 Xe6 18.h3 Tg6Qun Tng hon thnh nhim v trn ng cho d1-h5, gi y n phi

c ng trn mt ng cho khc tn cng vo h3. 19.Vh2 Tf5 20.Xg1 Th3!Hi sinh lt trn qun Vua trng khn kh. 21.Xg4T nhin phi i nh vy, ch nu Vua bt Tng en s b Xe rt chiu i

s thua ngay. 21. Tg4 22.fg4n y en thng d dng.Nhng con cht chng bn cnh Hu khng n ni phi chu hu qu bi thm

nh vy, nhng du sao n cng tr thnh mc tiu tn cng rt ng gi cho iphng.

Taimanov SuetinXABCDEFGHY

8r+lwqkvl-tr(7zppsn-zppzpp'

6-+n+-+-+&5+-zp-+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$

3+-sPP+-zP-#2PzP-+PzPLzP"

1tRNvLQmK-sNR!xabcdefghy

H31 7.Tc6!Qun Tng c a ln nch g2 c mt nhim v phng ng rt quan trng

khi chi kiu khai cuc ny v n to ra mt p lc mnh trn ng cho ln.Tuy nhin, trong trng hp c bit n i qun mt cch vui mng v lm yuc cnh Hu ca i phng ri ngay lp tc n c th tn cng.

7. bc 8.Ha4 Hd7 9.Mf3 f6 10.Te3 e5 11.Me4Trng nm tt c lc lng tn cng nhng con cht yu: 11. Me6 12.Xc1 Xb8B li nhng con Cht yu b uy hip. en a Xe chim ly ct m b. 13.Hc2 Te7?Qun en bng lng vi p lc ln Cht b2 nn khng th thy nc e da

chin thut. L ra nn i 13.Md4 14.Td4 15.Hc6 Tb7! vi mt n phn cngno .

14.Mc5 Tc5 15.Tc5 Mc5 16.Hc5 Xb2 17.Me5! He6D nhin en khng dm 17.fe 18.He5 v tn cng Xe b2. 18.Hc6 Hc6 19.Mc6 V Trng thng.Trong khai cuc sau y, tnh trng mt con cht b chng din ra rt sm: 1.d4 Mf6 2.c4 e6 3.Mc3 Tb4 4.a3 Tc3 5.bc

Laszlo Szabo - Mark Taimanov [E27]Schiavno Zdroj, 1950 [12]

XABCDEFGHY8rsnlwqk+-tr(

7zppzpp+pzpp'

6-+-+psn-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+PzP-+-+$3zP-zP-+-+-#2-+-+PzPPzP"

1tR-vLQmKLsNR!xabcdefghy

H32Cht d4 c bo v nn khng s nc c7-c5 ca en. By gi Trng c th

quyt lit tin chim vng trung tm vi nc e2-e4-e5 nhm tn cng vo cnhVua. Ngoi ra cp Tng trng lin kt nhau rt nguy him, trong lc qun enphi ng u vi mt e da chin lc bi cuc tn cng c lit ca chtchng c4. V chin trn c th pht trin theo kiu cch nh sau:

5. 0-0 6.e3 c5 7.Td3 Mc6 8.Me2 b6 9.e4 Me8 10.0-0 Ta6tip theo l Ma5 (xem vn Szabo Taimanov - bi hc th 13)

Gi y chng ta hy quan st hnh 33

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(

7zp-zp-+pzpp'6-+pzp-+-+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+P+-+-+$3+-+-+-zP-#

2PzP-+PzP-zP"1+-+-+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H33Ba con cht c7, c6, d6 trng c v d thng v c con cht chng kim sot

quan trng d5. D nhin cn ty thuc vo nhiu v tr ca nhng qun c khcna mi nh gi ng tnh hnh gii quyt. Nhng ni chung 3 con cht nynn yn lu chng no tt chng ny. V nu i c6-c5 s b d5, v mun tiptc bo v na th phi i c7-c6, v d6 s suy yu. Thng nhng nc i nhth s to ra nhng im yu.

Trong vn c sau y, KT Bronstein s dng mt cch ti tnh mt dng

cu to cht nh th. y l mt v d khng c s hi sinh qun ngon mc nonhng n rt ng c hc tp t u n cui:

Najdorf Bronstein 1.d4 Mf6 2.c4 g6 3.Mc3 Tg7 4.e4 d6 5.g3 0-0 6.Tg2 e5 7.Mge2Vn c c chi ti Budapest vo nm 1950. Vo thi ny ngi ta cha

bit ht nhng tinh t sc so ca cuc phng ng ng n. ng l khi lnTng nch th M nn nhy ln f3 thay cho e2 t linh hot bng.

7. ed 8.Md4 Mc6 9.Mc5B khiu khch, khng phi lm suy yu m l mt s tng cng khu trung

tm cho i phng! 9. bc 10.0-0 Md7!Phi ngn chn Trng y cht c4-c5. 11.Hc2 Hf6!

Ngh thut ca bc thy l phi khm ph kp thi k hoch chin lc cai phng ri ngn cn i phng thc hin. y qun Trng d nh iCht b3 ri ln Tng b2 nhm v hiu ha p lc Tg7 ca en. V vy en lnHu f6 khin Trng kh iu ng qun theo k hoch.

12.Me2 Xe8 13.Xb1 He7 14.Td2 Mc5 15.Xbe1 a5 16.b3 Tg4 17.Mf4Trng ang tm cch i Mc5, nhng en c cung cp mt im tn

cng mi. 17. Xeb8 18.Te3 He5 19.h3 Td7 20.Xd1 a4!en tm cch to cho Trng mt con cht chm. 21.Md3 ab 22.ab Md3 23.Xd3 c5 (hnh 34)en gi cht con cht chm b3 v tng cng kim sot d4.im d5 tng i yu nhng thc t khng nguy hi g v Trng khng cn

M chim im ny.Miguel Najdorf - David Bronstein [E72]

Budapest ct, 1950 [13]XABCDEFGHY8rtr-+-+k+(7+-zpl+pvlp'6-+-zp-+p+&

5+-zp-wq-+-%4-+P+P+-+$

3+P+RvL-zPP#2-+Q+-zPL+"1+-+-+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH34

24.Tf4 He825.Td2 Tc626.Tc3 Tc327.Hc3

Qun Trng d th hn. Cuc chin u ginh ng cho ln chm

dt vi u th cho Trng, nhng 27. He5! 28.Hd2Hu Trng phi n trnh, v nu i Hu th Cht b3 cng d b tn cng.Chng ta cn phi ht sc ch , trong cuc tn cng ginh git v tr, y

khng c kh nng phi hp chiu ht m ch c li th v v tr nh thi, ikhi tht nh v ri ngi ta c gng khai thc tng bc nhng li th nh ny pht huy n thm. KT lng danh Nimzovitch ni rng mt KT tht s phibit bng lng vi nhng u th rt nh v v tr.

28. Xe8 29.Vh2 Hg7! 30.Xe1 Xa1! i bt qun gim lc lng i bn, nh en d dng khai thc nhng

im yu ca i phng ng thi cng gim thiu kh nng phn cng bt ngca i th.

31.Xde3 Xe1 32.Xe1 He5!a Hu ln vng trung tm pht huy ti a tnh tch cc ca n. 33.f4Trng khng mun cho en tng cng p lc. 33. Hd4 34.Hd4 cd

35.Xd1 Xb8 36.Xd4 Xb3 ((hnh 35)n y chng ti s khng bnh lun tip cc nc i v n khng minh ha

g cho ch ca bi hc chng ta. Tn cuc din tin hp l v bt buc: 37.Tf1h5 38.h4 Xb4 39.Vg2 Vf8 40.Vf2 Ve7 41.V33 Xb1 42.Ve2 Xc1 43.e5 de 44.fe Td745.Tg2 Xc2 46.Vf1 c5 47.Xf4 Te6 48.Td5

XABCDEFGHY8-+-+-+k+(7+-zp-+p+p'6-+lzp-+p+&5+-+-+-+-%4-+PtRPzP-+$3+r+-+-zPP#2-+-+-+LmK"1+-+-+-+-!xabcdefghy

H35C tn Xe cng kh thng nu Trng i Tng.48.Td5 49.cd Xd2 50.d6 Ve6 51.Xc4 Xd5 52. Xe4 f6 53.ef4 Vf6 54.g4 Xd6

55.gh gh 56.Xc4 Xd5 57.Ve2 Ve6 58.Ve3 Vd6 59.Xa4 Ve6 60.Xa1 Xd4 61.Xh1 Vd562.Ve2 c4 63.Ve3 Vc5 64.Xh2 c3 65.Xa2 Xh4 66.Xa8 Xh3 69.Vc2 Xh2 70.Vc1 h471.Xc8 Vd3 72.Xd8 Ve4 73.Xe8 Vf3 74.Xf8 Vg3 75.Xc8 h2 79.Xg8 Vf1 80.Xh8 Vg181.Ve1 Xg2. Qun Trng u hng: mt cuc chin u ginh git v th si ni!

Chng ta xem tip mt vn c khc, vn gia Boleslavsky v Fine (hnh 36).V tr vn c sau nc i th 10 ca i bn:

Isaac Boleslavsky - Reuben Fine [C71]USA vs USSR USA vs USSR, 1945 [14]

XABCDEFGHY8r+-wqk+-tr(7+-zplsnpvlp'6p+pzp-+p+&5+-+-+-+-%4L+P+P+-+$3+-sN-+-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"1tR-vLQ+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH36

Tht khn kh cho qun en! Trng c th a n cuc tn cng ngay vob ba Cht yu.

11.c5!y l mt nc rt cao, nhm x l Cht i phng tong kiu v tr ny. 11. Mc8Nu bt cht th rt yu.11.dc 12.Te3! 12.Te3 0-0 13.Hd2 Hd7 14.Xad1 Te8Xung Tng khin Xf8 b loi khi vng chin. Tt hn nn i Xd8. 15.f4 f5Nc c ngn chn ny lm yu cnh Vua en. Thch hp hn l 15.f6 tuy hi

th ng. Nhng i khi, lm sng sa th c, thnh thong cng cn nh gili, ngi ta i nhng nc r rng l th ng, ri n nhn khng sm thmun mt cuc phn cng ca i phng.

Vic Fine khng chu nc 15.f6 c th hiu c, l v Fine khng munng kn ng cho ca qun Tng (tuy nhin Fine nh gi khng ngnc 20 ca Trng).

16.ef gf 17.Xfe1Trng kn o a 2 Xe khng ch vng trung tm s nhanh chng to mt u

th quyt nh. 17. dcn ln c ch M hot ng tr li. 18.Hf8 Md6 19.Tc5 Hd8 20.Td4Nu nh i 20.Hf3, Trng s thng c mt cht nhng li s b en phn

cng. Do Trng chn cch loi tr qun hot ng mnh nht ca i phng(c th so snh vn c Lasker Capablaca)

20. Td4 21.Hd4 Hf6Vi nc i qun ny en trnh c mt tnh hnh ti t nht, nhng nhng

im yu ca en vn cn v en khng c cht hy vng g phn cng.Vn c v vy thy r l en s phi thua.

Sau y l phn tn cuc:22.Tb3 Vh8 23.Hf6 Xf6 24.Xe7 Xc8 25.Xde1 Tg6 26.Xe6! Xe6 27. Te6

Xe8 28.Xe8 Te8 29.Ma4Tn cuc n y th en thua hon ton: cc cht yu by gi cng l r hn

giai on trc29.Vg6 30.Mc5 a5 31.Vf2 Tf7 32.Tf7 Vf7 33.b3 h5 34.g3 Ve7

35.Ve3 Mb5 36.Mb7 c5 38.Ma5 Vd6 38.Mc4 Vd5 39.Vd3 Md6 40.Md6 cd41.a3 n y en u hng (nu nh 41.Vc6 42.b4 cb 43.ab Vd5 44. Vd4

thng).C nhng trng hp b ba cht nm bn cnh Vua c th khi ngun cho

mt cuc tn cng chin thut ca i phng.Xem vn c gia Treysman Hanauer vi nhng nc kt thc ((hnh 37)

XABCDEFGHY8r+ltr-+k+(7+p+-+p+p'

6p+-+pzp-+&5+-+qsN-+-%4P+-zP-+-+$3+-+-+-+-#

2-zP-+QzPPzP"1tR-+R+-mK-!

xabcdefghyH37

18.Hh5! Vh8en khng th i 18.fe v 19.de 20.Hg5 19.Hf7Trng khng i c 19.Mf7 Vg7!

19. fe 20.Hf6 Vg8 21.Xa3en u hng.Mt ln na chng ta thy vic thng thua hon ton ty thuc vo s b tr

tng qut ca qun c.Th th n b li s yu km ca Cht, nhng phng php ng c gi tr

n mc no?V vn ny phng cch chin u ca Trng vn c sau y l mt cu

tr li in hnh (hnh 38)

XABCDEFGHY8r+-+r+k+(

7zppwq-+pzpp'6-+n+-sn-+&5+R+l+-+-%4P+-+-+-+$

3vL-+LzPN+-#2-+Q+-zPPzP"1tR-+-+-mK-!

xabcdefghyH38

21. Td3?en to cho Trng suy yu cht cnh Vua, nhng iu ny khng c g lm

cho Trng phi lo lng 22.gf a6? 23.Xg5 h6 24.Xg2 Xac8 25.Xc1 Xcd8 26.Vh1 Vh8 27.Xcg1 Xg8p lc ca Trng ln ct g khng th y bt ra c. 28.Tb2!S kt hp gia Tng v cp Xe rt ng lc 28. Hd6Chng li mi e da 29.Xg7 29.Th7! Mb4 30.Hf5 g6 31.Tg8!Khng c g ng kinh ngc khi mt u th v v tr nh vy cho php Trng

tin hnh mt n phi hp nh b i phng. 31. gf

32.Xg7 Mg4 33.X7g4Trng khng thy nc b 33.Xh7 ri Xh8 chiu b. 33. f6 34.Xg7 Xd7 35.Xd7en u hng.Hnh 39: V tr loi ny thng bt gp khi en chn phng th Php hoc

phng ng Caro-Kan. Ct g m v vic kim sot cc trung tm cho php enm cuc phn cng.

Isaac Boleslavsky - Anatoly Ufimtsev [C10]Omsk Omsk, 1944 [15]

XABCDEFGHY8-+k+-+rtr(

7zp-wqn+p+p'6lzppvlpzp-+&5zP-+-+-+-%4-+PzP-+-+$3+L+-+N+-#

2-zP-+QzPPzP"1tR-vL-+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH39

14. c5 15.ab Hb6 16.Te3 Tb7! g2 b dm ng. 17.dc Mc5 18.Td1 Xg4 19.Hd2Trng vn cha thy chuyn g xy ra! 19. Me4 20.Ha5 Xhg8 21.Me1 Xg2 22.Mg2 Md2!ng l mt qu pho bng. Trng vn khng th no kp bt Hu! 23.Hd5 (tuyt vng) Td5 24.Td2 Hb2 25.Td2 Ha1 26.Tf3 Th2

Trng u hng.Mt ln na, l chin thng do cn c vo i hnh ca cht i phng

nh th no m ngi ta vch ra k hoch tn cng.Thng thng khi vo trung cuc chng ta lo to nhng im yu tnh

trong trn a i phng v phm sai lm v tm l l nh gi thp nhngphng php ng.

l trng hp ca vn c gia Landau Flohr [16] . (xem tip sau)Sau y l mt v d khc: (hnh 40)

Mikhail Botvinnik - Max Euwe [D46]match-tournament Ch World , Hague/Moscow (Neth, 05.01.1948)

[17] XABCDEFGHY8r+l+-trk+(

7+p+-wqpzpp'6-+p+-sn-+&5zp-+-+-+-%4-+-+p+-wQ$3zP-vL-zPP+-#2LzP-+-+PzP"

1+-+-tRRmK-!xabcdefghy

H40 20. Md5 21.He7 Me7 22.feen tm cch i hu h bt mc tn cng gay gt ca i phng,

ng thi to cho i phng cht chng.Nhng Trng li c mt s n b kh ln: hai qun Tng u rt linh

hot, ct dc f m v ct d cng c Trng s dng to sc p. Mt iuquan trng na l mt trong hai cht chng kim sot d5.

22. b6Nu nh 22.Te6 23.Te6 fe 24.Xf8 Vf8 25.Xf1 Vg8 26.Xd1 v Xe trng xung

hng ngang th 7. 23.Xd1 Mg6 24.Xd6 Ta6 25.Xf2 Tb5 26.e5!Tht k l, chnh con Cht chng li nh n ch t. 26. Me7 27.e4! c5 28.e6

Nu Trng i lin nc 28.Xb6 th s b loi khi vng chin vi nc c caen 28.Tc6.

28. f6 29.Xb6 Tc6By gi th nc i ny khc ri. 30.Xc6 Mc6 31.e7 Xf7 32.Td5.en u hng

BI HC TH SU

Nhng Con Cht a Dng

Nhng c im ca mt con Cht c lp, (cng gi l cht l) rt thay i: trung cuc n c dng lm im ta cho M v cho php m nhng cuc tncng dn dp ginh thng li vo Vua i phng. Ngc li tn cuc, n tc t nhiu hy vng v mt qun i phng n ng trc mt l n htng tin. Tuy nhin do trnh k thut iu luyn ngy nay c Vua, cht l tn cuc mc d khng uy hip c i phng, nhng nu i phng khng cc hi phn cng th s hin din ca n gy rt nhiu kh chu.

Tm li, khi c mt cht l th nn trnh i qun, m ngay cuc tn cngvo cnh Vua.

Vn c sau y s ch cho chng ta cch tin hnh kiu chin u nh th.Gipslic - Savon 1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.ed cd 4.c4 Mf6 5.Mc3 e6 6.Mf6 Te7 7.cd Md5Mt cht l va xut hin 8.Td3 Mc6

9.0-0 0-0 10.Xe1 Mf6 11.Tg5 b6 12.He2 Tb7Trn a hai bn u c tm thi b tr cc lc lng 13.Xad1 Mb4 14.Tb1 Xc8 15.Me5! (hnh 41)

Aivars Gipslis - Vladimir A Savon [B14]Ch URS Baku (Azerbaijan) (14), 1961 [18]

XABCDEFGHY8-+rwq-trk+(7zpl+-vlpzpp'6-zp-+psn-+&5+-+-sN-vL-%4-sn-zP-+-+$3+-sN-+-+-#

2PzP-+QzPPzP"1+L+RtR-mK-!

xabcdefghyH41

Qun M nhy qua lm tin n: Trng th phng ra mt cuc tn cng vocnh Vua, nu nh khng chiu ht th cng lm cho i phng c nhng imyu.

15. Hd6 16.He3 Mfd5 17.Hh3! f5Nc hm da vo h7 b ngn cn, nhng en li to cho im e6 yu i v

c th b tn cng ngay vo y. xu hn th nn i 17.g6, nhng en likhng mun yu nhng en.

C Vua cng nh bao nhiu th khc, trong hai ci d, phi chn ci t d hn. 18.Td2 Mf6 19.a3 Mbd5 20.Mb5 Hb8 21.Ta2!Tng ng b1 khng c tc dng g c. 21. a6 22.Mc3 Xce8 23.Mf3!M tr v sau khi hon thnh nhim v i cng tc khc. 23. Td8

24.Mg5 Hc8Tnh th chn mui cho mt cuc t kch. Xem hnh 42.

XABCDEFGHY8-+qvlrtrk+(7+l+-+-zpp'

6pzp-+psn-+&5+-+n+psN-%4-+-zP-+-+$

3zP-sN-+-+Q#2LzP-vL-zPPzP"1+-tR-tR-mK-!

xabcdefghyH42

25.Xe6 Xe6 26.Md5 h6 27.Mf6 Vh8Nu nh 27.Xf6 28.Me6 Xe6 29.Hf5 Trng thng d dng. 28.Hf5 Xe1 29.Xe1 Hf5

30.Mf7en u hng.Vn c gia Najdorf v Kotov (trong bi hc th hai) cng cho chng ta

mt kiu mu tn cng vi con cht l.Chng ta xem tip vn c gia Flohr v Capablanca (hnh 43)

Flohr,Salo - Capablanca,Jose Raul [D62] [19]XABCDEFGHY

8-+-+-mk-+(7+p+-+pzpp'6p+-+l+-+&5+-+p+-+-%4-+-sN-+-+$3+-+-zP-+-#

2PzP-+-zPPzP"1+-mK-+-+-!xabcdefghy

H43V th ny xut hin sau mt lot i qun. nc th 23 qun Trng c mt

v tr thch ng hn, v M c th di chuyn linh hot, trong khi Tng en st

gim v phi th ng bo v cht. Hin nhin l Trng ginh thng li khngphi d dng, nhng c th ni nu Flohr nh khng thng c l do kh nngphng th siu phm ca Capablanca.

23. Ve7 24.Vd2 Vd6 25.Vc3Khi khng c g nguy him c th b chiu ht th ngi ta thng a Vua ln

trung tm. 25. b6Qun en d nh lp mt chin ly, cc con cht kim sot cc en, cn

Tng kim sot cc trng. 26.f4 Td7 27.Mf3 f6 28.Vd4 a5 29.Md2 Tc8 30.Mb1 Te6 31.Mc3 Vc6 32.a3 h6 33.g3 h5! 34.b4 ab 35.ab Vd6 36.b5 g6

37.Ma4 Vc7 38.Mc3 Vd6 39.f5Hy sinh vn c thm phc tp 39. gfNc yu hn l 39.Tf5 40.Md5 Td3 41.Mf6 Tb5 42.Md5 40.Me2 Td7 41.Mf4 Te8!Khng nn i 41.Tb5 42.Mh5 v con cht t do cch xa (cht thng xa) rt

nguy him.Cn ch phng php m Trng a ra gy kh khn cho en. 42.Md5 Tb5 43.Mb6!Nu khng n cht b th n tr nn nguy him 43. Tc6 44.Mc4 Ve6 45.Mb2 Tb5 46.Md1 Te2 47.Mf2 Tf1!Xung Tf1 gy kh khn cho M ang mun phng ln d3. 48.Md3Qun Trng khng mun i qun nhng cn nhng hy vng trong tn cuc

ca cht, nu en i qun. 48. Td3 49.Vd3 Ve5!en s yu nu tr li mt cch my mc: 49.Vd5 50.Vd2 Ve4 51.Ve2 Vd5

52.Vf3 Ve5 53.h3 Vd5 54.Vf4 Ve6 55.h4 v.v.. 50.Ve2 Ve4 51.h3 Vd5! 52.Vf3 Ve5Th ri cuc chin u cui cng a n ha cuc. y l do en phng ng

tuyt diu!Trong cuc chin u chng li con cht l, t con Tng Vua ln nch

thng l mt phng n hiu qu.Chng ta xem vn c Petrosian Tal 1.c4 Mf6 2.g3 e6 3.Tg2 c5 4.Mf3 d5 5.0-0 Mc6 6.cd Md5 7.d4 Te7 8.Mc3 0-0 9.Md5 ed

10.dc Tc5 11.a3 a5 12.Tg5!To mt s yu km nghim trng cho en. 12. f6 13.Xc1 Ta7Khng nn i 13.Tf2 14.Xf2 fg 15.Mg5! v th l c en tan r. 14.Tf4 Te6 15.Me1 Xe8 16.Md3 He7 (hnh 44)

Petrosian - Mikhail Tal [A15]Moskva, 1963 [20]XABCDEFGHY8r+-+r+k+(

7vlp+-wq-zpp'6-+n+lzp-+&5zp-+p+-+-%4-+-+-vL-+$

3zP-+N+-zP-#

2-zP-+PzPLzP"1+-tRQ+RmK-!

xabcdefghyH44

17.b4 axb4 18.Mxb4 Mxb4 19.Xc7 Hd8 20.axb4 g5 21.Hd3 Xe722.Xxe7 Hxe7 23.Te3 d4 24.Txd4 Xd8 25.e3 bxd4 26.exd4 Hxb4 27.d5Hd6 28.Te4 Tf7 29.Txh7+ Vg7 30.Te4 Hc5 31.Xb1 Xd7 32.Hf3 Tg633.Txg6 Vxg6 34.Hd3+ Vg7 35.Xb5 He7 36.Hf5 Xd6 37.Vg2 Hd738.Hxd7+ Xxd7 39.Vf3 Xe7 40.Xb6 f5 41.d6 Xd7 42.h4 Vf6 43.hxg5+Vxg5 44.Ve3 Vf6 45.Vf4 Ve6 46.f3 Vf6 47.Xb5 Ve6 48.Xxf5 Vxd6 49.g4Ve6 50.Xf8 b5 10

Max Euwe - Rudolf Teschner [D50]Basel Basel, 1952 [21]

XABCDEFGHY8rsn-tr-+k+(

7zpl+-wqpzp-'6-+-+-+-zp&

5+-zpp+-+-%4-+-+-+-+$

3+-+-zPL+-#2PzP-+NzPPzP"1+-tRQmK-+R!

xabcdefghyH45

1.d4 d5 2.c4 e6 3.Mc3 Mf6 4.Tg5 Te7 5.e3 h6 6.Th4 00 7.Xc1 b68.cxd5 Mxd5 9.Mxd5 exd5 10.Txe7 Hxe7 11.Te2 Tb7 12.Tf3 c5 13.Me2Xd8 14.dxc5 Txc5 15.00 Md7 16.Mf4 Me5 17.Xe1 d4 18.Txb7 HxT719.exd4 Xxd4 20.Hc2 Mf3+ 21.gxf3 Xxf4 22.Xe4 Xf5 23.Xce1 Xf824.Hc3 Hd5 25.Xe5 Xxe5 26.Xxe5 Hxa2 27.Xxc5 Hb1+ 28.Vg2 Hg6+29.Vh1 Xd8

Trong vn sau y qun Trng phm cc li ng ghi nh. V cng rtth v thy ci gi cho nhng li lm .

Sokolsky Botvinnik 1.c4 Mf6 2.Mc3 d5 3.d4 g6 4.Mf3 Tg7 5.e3 0-0 6.Te2 e6 7.0-0 b6

8.cd Trng i nc c ny l m cho en ct e trong khi vic m ct c

khng c li ch c bit no m Trng khai thc cng l Trng nn i 8.Hb3 to cng thng trung tm 8. ed 9.b3 Tb7 10.Tb2 Mbd7 11.Hc2i vi nc i ny ca Trng khin Botvinnik ph bnh nh sau: Dng

nh Trng chi khng c k hoch v ch lo pht trin qun mt cch my mc.Cch y 50 nm th ngi ta c th chi nh th, nhng thi i ngy nay cckin tng u xy dng k hoch cho trung cuc ngay t nc th 6 hoc th 8.Cn nh ch lo i lin tc m khng tnh n k hoch th s dn n tnh trng bng thi.

Qun Trng c th chi nc 11.Me5 vi kh nng nhiu ha hn. Qun eni tip trong vi nc na s chim ly li th ny.

11. a6 12.Xc Xc8 13.Xfd1 He7 14.Hb1 Xfd8 15.Tf1 c5 (hnh 46)

Alexey Sokolsky - Mikhail Botvinnik [D94]

URS-ch sf Leningrad, 1938 [22]XABCDEFGHY8-+rtr-+k+(

7+l+nwqpvlp'6pzp-+-snp+&5+-zpp+-+-%4-+-zP-+-+$

3+PsN-zPN+-#2PvL-+-zPPzP"1+QtRR+LmK-!

xabcdefghyH46

16.dcMt sai lm nghim trng v th trn, mt ln na Botvinnik vit: qun

Trng khng c cch no khai thc nhng im yu ca cc cht trn bn c.Trng b mt nhng im ta trung tm v cho php Tb7 ca iphng hot ng li.

16. bc 17.Me2 Th6

18.Ta3 Mg4 19.Hd3Chng li mi e da 19.Te3.19.. 19.Mde5 20.Me5 He5 21.Mg3 Hf6 22.Mh1 d4! 23.He2 Me5 24.ed cdCht treo khng cn na nhng mt cht thng c h tr mnh tip tc e

da. Vn c kt thc nh sau: 25.Xc8 Tc8! 26.Xe1 d3! 27.Hd1 Tg4 28.Ha1 d2 29.Xe5 d1/H 30.Xe8 Xe8 31.Hf6 Te2 32.Mg3 Tg7 33.Hc6 Tb5 34.Hc1 Hc1 35.Tc1 Xe1

36.Te3 Xa1 37.a4 Td3 38.f4 Xb1 39.Vf2 Tf1 40.Mf1 Xb3Trng u hng.

Khi mt qun Tng b che khut sau nhng con cht treo th phi quan tmn nhng yu t ng c th to ra mt tnh th d tn cng nh v d sau y(hnh 47)

Paul Keres - Mark Taimanov [A15]Moskva ch-SU (13.12.51) 17, 1951 [23]

XABCDEFGHY8-+r+r+k+(

7zpl+-vlpzpp'6-zpn+psn-+&5+-+-+-+-%

4-+PzP-wq-+$3+-sN-+N+-#

2PvL-+QzPPzP"

1+LtRR+-mK-!xabcdefghy

H4716.d5! ed17.cd Mb818.Xd4 Hd619.Xcd1 Tf820.Me4! Me421.Xe4 Xe422.He4 Hh623.Mg5 Td624.h4 Md725.Hf5 Mf626.Txf6 gxf627.Mxf7 Hc128.Hxh7+ Vf829.Mxd6 Hxd1+30.Vh2 Hxd531.MxT7 He5+32.g3 Xc733.Hh8+ Vf734.h5 XxT7

35.Hh7+ Ve636.HxT7 Hxh5+37.Vg2 10en u hngTrong cuc chin u chng li nhng con cht treo, trc ht bt buc i

phng phi tin mt trong hai cht ny khin khng cn l th lc lng cng na.

y l mt v d c th v cch ph cht treo: Vn c gia Capablanca vAle1khine.

Chng ta lt qua 2