two network types defined by distance lan wan. networks lan local area network
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Two Network Types Defined by DISTANCE
LAN
WAN
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NETWORKS
LAN
LOCAL AREA NETWORK
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LAN
Ethernet
A particular type of LAN
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Network Components (LAN)
Workstations– microcomputers– minicomputers– workstations– mainframes– terminals– supercomputers
Servers (optional) Media
Interfaces– circuit boards– network adapter– NIC – network
interface card Gateways
– connect dissimilar parts of a network
Bridges– connect similar parts of a
network
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Media - cables
Twisted pair– inexpensive– least reliable– easiest to install– what is used in telephone lines– slow
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Media - cables
Coaxial– more reliable– what is used in cable TV– harder to install– faster
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Media - cables
Fiber optic– works with light waves (lasers)– most reliable– most expensive– fastest– most difficult to work with– becoming the media of choice
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TOPOLOGIES
Physical design of a network
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Three LAN topologies:
BUSSTARRING
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Bus
Single cable
Easy to install
No server
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Ring
Single connected cable
Break does not destroy all the connections
Usually does not have a server
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Star
Individual cables
Easiest to trouble shoot
Has a server
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Network Protocols rules for communicating
Specifies -
type of topology
handshake
synchronous/asynchronous transmission
how data will be packaged
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3 Protocol Classifications
Polling
CSMA/CD
Token ring
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Polling
Goes to each workstation in turn
Assures that all work stations will access
Problem if there are many workstations
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CSMA/CD
Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
Workstations try to seize the network when they want to access
Problem if two workstations want to access at the same time
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Token Ring
Token - electronic device
Token circulates around network
Token is either free or has a message
If it has a message, goes to the receiver and back to sender before continuing
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Network SoftwareNetwork Software
Operating system of the Operating system of the networknetwork
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Resides on serverResides on server
Controls file transfersControls file transfers
Controls hardware sharingControls hardware sharing
Controls uploading/downloading of filesControls uploading/downloading of files
May include:May include:– electronic mailelectronic mail
– performance analyzation softwareperformance analyzation software
– security softwaresecurity software
– diagnostic routinesdiagnostic routines
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LAN
Ethernet
Most widely used type of LAN
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Characteristics
• Coax cable– High volume of
transmission for short distances
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Characteristics
• Special hardware– Transceiver – connects
nodes to network– Interface – performs
data conversions from a byte to a series of bits
– Repeater – strengthens and retimes the signals
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Characteristics
• Uses CSMA/CD– Controller – determines
when to activate communications between nodes