types of diet in hospital
DESCRIPTION
The diets in Hospita;TRANSCRIPT
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PORTION SCALE
TYPES OF DIET
1. Normal Diet
Carb – 50-55% Pro – 15-20% Fat – 25 - 35%
2. Vegetarian Diet Vegan – plant source only Lacto vegetarian – plant source, milk, milk product Lacto-ovo vegetarian - plant source, milk, milk product, eggs Types of food with amino acid sources :
o Cereals, tubers
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o milk, milk product
o nuts – kuaci, bijian
o nuts – soya, green bean, peas, tempe, fucuk, peanut
Pediatric diet: 1-3 yrs – 1000 kcal
4-6 yrs – 1400 kcal
7-9 yrs – 1800 kcal
3. Clear Liquid Diet
Liquid at r.t that has easy to digest nutrients, easy to absorp, minimal residul in GI post-op, digestion prob eg: glucose, polycose, honey, soup, meat extract, barley, filtered fruit juice oral or tube
4. Nourishing Liquid Diet enteral formula (long term)
- can’t get enough nutrients from oral diet, malnutrition, in ICU, or pt who can only take liquid diet- 4 types : polymeric, elemental, modular, specific condition
pt who can’t chew, swallow, eat solid food eg for short term : choc drink powder, malt drinks, yogurt, ice cream oral or tube
5. Blenderised Diet
eg: mixed porridge – porridge + vege + fish/chicken + a bit oil can drink or use straw , but not tube for pt who got no teeth, cant chew, cant swallow cause of probs in mouth, esophagus,
laring; radiation at mouth part, kids or geriatric (old ppl)
6. Mixed Porridge Diet 6-12 mth baby but still need milk geriatric chew, swallow prob, soft food
7. Minced Diet soft food
8. Soft Diet same prob
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also for pt who has diarrhea, vomit, sick, GI prob avoid chilli, vinegar, spices
THERAPEUTIC DIET
9. Bland Diet
avoid food additives, spices, high fat food, chilli, vinegar, lime, sourish for pt with GI irritation, gastritis, peptic ulcer, etc less milk – milk induce acid release limit coffee, tea avoid citrus fruits
10. Diabetic Diet
control sugar, weight no sugary food vege for lunch and dinner advisable: high fiber food, no simple sugar, no saturated fats divide the carbs throughout the day
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11. Protein Modified Diet
low pro – to decrease urea high pro (>90g/day) – malnutrition pt for sepsis, post-op, burnt, trauma injury, cancer, pulmonary, hepatic (liver), kidney high quality pro – from animal
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12. Fat Modified Diet
hepatic, bile, pancreas, absorption prob use grill, steam, soup, stew chicken fat and skin throw skim milk instead of coconut milk & full cream milk
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13. Low Cholesterol Diet – Low Fat Diet
<300 mg cho hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia avoid egg yolk (2/week), internal organ use the cooking method same as 12. chicken skin & fats throw margarine instead of butter
14. Low Salt / Sodium Diet
<1000mg avoid processed food, cencaluk, belacan, sauces
15. Low/High Potassium Diet
hyper/hypokalemia low K - kidney prob
- vege & fruits – 2 servings/day
- cut vege > soak in water for 30-60 mins > change water
High K – take more fruits, vege
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16. Low Purine Diet
for gout
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High purine food:o Pro: liver, heart, meat, anchovy, sardine, crab, meat extract
o Beans : legumes, bean, lentils,peas
o Grains : bread, cereals, wholemeat, oat
o Vege : cabbage, spinach, mushroom, avocado, asparagus
avoid alcohol, less fat
17. Low Phosphate Diet
for hyperphosphataemia, kidney probs limit fish, prawn, meat vein carbs take complex carbs
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18. Low Oxalate Diet
has stones (calcium oxalate) avoid beans, sweet potato, celery, choc, coffee, tea, blackberry, beer
19. Low Vit K Diet
interaction with Warfarin vit K usually in vege
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Limit high vit K food : kalian, spinach, parsley, broccoli, cabbage, salad, green sawi, white sawi, soya, tauhu, canola oil, mayonnaise, green tea
20. VMA Diet (vanilluylmandelic)
for phaeochromocytoma = neuroblastoma = vascular tumour of adrenal medulla (above kidney) > irregular epi & norepinephrine > ↑bp, palpitation, headache
a 3 day test in urine avoid: vanilla, biscuit, cake, tea, coffee, choc, coke, citrus fruit, banana, custard, ice
cream, sugar, nuts, tomato, asparagus, eggplant
21. Fecal Fat Test
100g/day (high fat) – usual is 70g/day this test is for steahorrhea
22. Low Fiber & Residue Diet
easy to digest food for ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s, diverticulitis, esophageal stenosis, & to decrease shitting avoid nuts, legumes vege < 2 serving/day milk < 1 serving/day
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23. High Fiber
20-35g/day for GI, CVD, colon cancer, diverticulitis, constipation, IBS, Crohn’s, obese, hypercho take oat, tubers, ubi, nuts
24. Gliadin/Gluten Free Diet
for nontropical sprue, celiac sprue, dermatitis herpetiformis avoid rye, oat, barley,grains can eat rice, corn
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25. Lactose Free Diet
less milk so take Ca supplement, vit A,D, riboflavin
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26. Tonsilectomy Diet
soft food eat ice cream, milk, barley, the, milo cold de – on operation day a day after op – soup, egg, fish, chicken, vege – but soft one not advisable hot food
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