uas, uav, drone unmanned aerial systems for...
TRANSCRIPT
Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 1
Unmanned Aerial Systemsfor Agriculture
byBob SchultheisNatural Resource Engineering Specialist
forForage and Livestock ConferenceGainesville, MOMarch 7, 2015
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UAS, UAV, droneNext High‐Tech Tool for Agriculture and Beyond
Photo credit: http://modernfarmer.com/2014/01/precision‐hawk/
Photo credit: http://hoosieragribusiness.wordpress.com/2014/09/22/are‐drones‐the‐next‐big‐thing‐in‐ag/
Photo credit: http://nimbus.unl.edu/projects/crop‐surveying‐using‐aerial‐robots /
Agricultural Challenges
• FAO predicts need to feed 9.6 billion people onplanet by 2050
• Food production must increase by 70% by 2050, in spite of:– Limited availability of arable lands
– Increasing need for fresh water• Agriculture consumes 70% of the world’s fresh water supply
– Impact of climate change affecting seasonal events in the life cycle of plant and animals
• Future of agriculture = smart farming
• Agriculture expected to be one of largest usersof UAS
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Issues• Who can and cannot fly UAS?
• Privacy concerns
• What can I do with UAS?
• Will the regulations hinder growth of UAS use?
Photo credit: www.amazon.com 4
The National Airspace ‐ Classes
Class G (uncontrolled) airspace is mostly used for a small layer of airspace near the ground, but there are larger areas of Class G airspace in remote regions.
MSL = Mean Sea LevelAGL = Above Ground Level
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Can I Fly an UAV? – Yes, No, Maybe
<500 Feet = Non‐Navigable Airspace
>500 Feet = Navigable Airspace
PropertyRights?
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 2
Can I Fly an UAV? – Yes, No, MaybeFAA ADVISORY CIRCULAR - AC 91-57
DATE: June 9, 1981
• Personal Use (Hobbyist or Recreational Use)
• Do not fly model aircraft higher than 400 feet above the surface
• When flying aircraft within 3 miles of an airport, notify the airport operator, or when an air traffic facility is located at the airport, notify the control tower or flight service station
• Maintain visual contact with UAV at all times. (specifically not in AC 91‐57)
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Can I Fly an UAV? – Yes, No, MaybeSEC. 336. SPECIAL RULE FOR MODEL AIRCRAFT
FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
• The aircraft is flown strictly for hobby or recreational use;
• The aircraft is operated in accordance with a community‐based set of safety guidelines and within the programming of a nationwide community‐based organization;
• The aircraft is limited to not more than 55 pounds unless otherwise certified through a design, construction, inspection, flight test, and operational safety program administered by a community‐based organization;
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Can I Fly an UAV? – Yes, No, MaybeSEC. 336. SPECIAL RULE FOR MODEL AIRCRAFT
FAA Modernization and Reform Act of 2012
• The aircraft is operated in a manner that does not interfere with, and gives way to, any manned aircraft; and
• When flown within 5 miles of an airport, the operator of the aircraft provides the airport operator and the airport air traffic control tower [when an air traffic facility is located at the airport] with prior notice of the operation
– Model aircraft operators flying from a permanent location within 5 miles of an airport should establish a mutually‐agreed upon operating procedure with the airport operator and the airport air traffic control tower [when an air traffic facility is located at the airport]. 9
Further Interpretations – June 25, 2014
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Allowed Not Allowed
FAA Draft Regulations 1Issued Feb. 15, 2015
• “Operator” must be 17 years of age or older;pilot’s license not required
• Pass an FAA‐approved aeronautical knowledge test and retest every 2 years
• Obtain an unmanned aircraft operator certificate with a small UAS rating
• Obtain an FAA Class II airman medical certificate(need 20/20 vision)
• Be vetted by the Transportation Security Agency (TSA)
• Daytime use only
• Maintain visual line of sight without aids(except corrective lenses)
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FAA Draft Regulations 2Issued Feb. 15, 2015
• Not operate over any person who is not part of the mission
• Maximum UAS weight of 55 pounds
• Maximum airspeed of 100 MPH
• Maximum altitude of 500 feet above ground level
• Minimum weather visibility of 3 miles
• Yield right‐of‐way to other manned and unmanned aircraft
• Contact air traffic control or airport operator when flying within 5 miles of an airport
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 3
Can I Fly an UAV? – Yes, No, Maybe
• Nationwide Community‐Based Organization
http://www.modelaircraft.org/files/105.pdf
Academy of Model Aeronautics National Model Aircraft Safety Code
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knowbeforeyoufly.org
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Privacy Concerns• Laws already control taking picture and videos of people, especially in areas where they have reasonable expectation of privacy
• People and what they are doing are clearly visible
• “Sight” crosses your property boundaries
• New laws are likely
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The view from UAS
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UAS best suited for the Four D’s
• Dirty
• Dangerous
• Difficult
• Dull
Photo credit: CBS News
Aerial Precision Ag, also known as APA, is a division of Cirrus Rotors ‐ http://aparotors.com/about‐us/
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How Does a UAS Work?• More than a flying device
• UAS gives you a unique perspective that is “easy”, fast, and not hindered by roads, fences, crops, and other barriers to movement
– Navigate by GPS, auto‐return to home hover
• Sensor: normal digital videos and photos
– Controllable with joysticks,vision goggles or smartphone
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 4
Possible Jobs for UAS• Crop and animal monitoring
• Environmental research
• Disaster assessment
– Tornadoes, floods, wildfires, earthquakes, etc.
– Emergency response
• Tower, bridge and power line inspection
• Hazardous site (chemical, nuclear, etc.) evaluation
• Archeology ‐ locating dig sites
• Agri‐tourism
• Package delivery
• Entertainment ‐ unique photography, remote dog walkingPhoto credit: CBS News
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Most Common Uses by Farmers
• “Directed scouting” of animals and crops, which involves “ground‐truthing” what you observe from air
– Crop condition (growth, insects, diseases)
– Cattle counts, rustler monitoring
Photo credit: CBS News 20
Assess stand establishment of crop
Crop Scouting
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Crop Scouting
SPARC Plots at South Farmon August 2, 201322
Crop Scouting
SPARC Plots at South Farmon August 28, 201423
Crop Scouting – Autonomous Flight
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 5
AerialitySimple Tools for Aerial Imagery
http://www.aeriality.io/
Aeriality Video PushbroomCreates constant perspective imagesfrom aerial videos
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Crop Scouting – Nitrogen Stress
Nitrogen Plots at FSRCon October 11, 201326
Crop Scouting – Nitrogen Stress
Nitrogen Rate Study at Graves‐Chapple Farmon August 27, 2013 27
Corn ‐ Cover Crop Plots ‐ Image Captured on June 23, 2014
North Plots
South View
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Corn ‐ Cover Crop Plots ‐ Image Captured on July 1, 2014
North Plots
North View
29 Corn ‐ Cover Crop Plots ‐ Image Captured on July 1, 2014
North Plots
South View
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 6
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North View
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Moving Ground‐Based Sensor to UAVs
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Crop Scouting – Corn Hybrid Differences
at Hundley‐Whaley Farmon August 28, 2013 34
170 acres. 15cm ground resolution. About 20 minutes flying – Fixed Wing
https://www.facebook.com/VoltAerialRobotics35
Photo from a DJI Phantom 1 with Go Pro 3 camera. Corn field on July 15, 2014 in Cooper County
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 7
Possibilities with Other Sensors
• Thermal (infrared)
– Livestock detection, sick animals
– Water temperature, source identification
• Hyperspectral
– Crop growth, plant identification
• LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)
– Measuring plant height,3‐D terrain mapping
Photo credit: www.lidarbasemaps.org/ 37
Old N&S Dead-Furrows
Spray-Swath Overlaps?
Use ofMultispectralCameras
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Monitoring of Beef Cattleand Pastures
Work being conducted through Kansas State University
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Lightning strikes
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Unmanned Sprayer
The Yamaha RMAX crop sprayer (246cc gasoline twin) with an AUW of 207 lb. has an endurance of 60‐90 minutes with a payload capacity of 66 lb (equivalent to about 10 gallons of gasoline, which could be used for extending endurance)
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G15 AutoCopter ‐ $50,000 to $75,000
23 cc two‐cycle engine from a Yamaha weed whacker. A tank of mixed gas keeps the chopper flying for an hour.
The G15 weighs 15 pounds and is capable of carrying 15 lb. The carbon fiber rotors have a 71 inch span. 42
Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 8
SenseFly – eBee ‐ $12,000
The eBee has a flight time of up to 45 minutes allowing to cover areas of up to 2400 acres in a single flight. With its 16MP camera it can shoot aerial imagery at down to 3cm/pixel resolution.
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Trimble® UX5 Aerial Imaging Solution
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LA100 ‐ Lehmann Aviation ‐ $990
3 feet ‐ wingspan1.9 pounds ‐ weight
http://www.lehmannaviation.com/
Flight time only 5 minutes
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Cost: $50,000
6.6 feet ‐ wingspan14 pounds – weight
payload of 4.4 lbs – 30 min of flight timepayload of 0.9 lbs – 120 min of flight time
Volt Aerial Robotics
http://www.voltaerialrobotics.com/Chesterfield, MO 46
Cost: $10,770
Volt Aerial Robotics
http://www.voltaerialrobotics.com/Chesterfield, MO
6.6 feet ‐ footprint4.4 pounds – max takeoff weight
payload of 1.1 lbs – 18 min of flight timepayload of 0.22 lbs – 25 min of flight time
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Cost for Kit: $7,500
http://www.precisiondrone.com/
Noblesville, Indiana
Scout
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Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 9
Cost for Kit: $17,500
http://www.precisiondrone.com/
Noblesville, Indiana
Pacesetter
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Cost: $3,698 withoutcamera
AG Pro Scout KitbyAerial Media Pros
http://aerialmediapros.com/
Costa Mesa, CA
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Cost for Kit: $900
http://www.bladehelis.com/350QX2AP/
UAV 350 QX AP BLH7900
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Cost (Begin at): $479
Total Kit (Begin at): $1,200
Dji Phantom
http://www.dji.com/product/phantom/
14 inch ‐ footprint2.2 pounds – max takeoff weight
10 min of flight time with just a GoPro Hero 3 camera
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Cost (Begin at): $679
With ZenmuseH3‐3D gimbal: $959
Dji Phantom 2
http://www.dji.com/product/phantom‐2/53
Cost (Begin at): $679
Total Kit (Begin at): $2,100 + camera
Dji Phantom 2
http://www.dji.com/product/phantom‐2/54
Forage and Livestock Conference ‐ Gainesville, MO 3/7/2015
Printouts of this presentation may be freely reproduced for educational purposes. All other rights reserved. In each case, credit Robert A. Schultheis, University of Missouri Extension 10
Modified Go‐Pro Camera with
Kit with 3 lenses ‐ $889
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FAA Exemptions for UAS = 14as of Jan. 9, 2015
• TV and movie making (7),
• Construction site monitoring (1)
• Precision aerial surveys (3)
• Flare stack inspections on 14 Shell Oil Gulf of Mexico production platforms (1)
• Aerial video to augment real‐estate listings (1)
• Photogrammetry and crop surveying for precision agriculture (1)
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FAA Regulations on UAS• Began process about 6 years ago
• Rules due by 9/30/2015
• Posted to Federal Register on 2/23/2015http://www.regulations.gov/#!documentDetail;D=FAA‐2015‐0150‐0017
• Public comments due by 4/24/2015 11:59 p.m. ET
• Final rule expected 90‐120 days after public comment period
• FAA regulations delay currently costing the U.S.$10 billion/year in potential economic benefit
Photo credit: CBS News
Last updated 2015‐03‐06
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Final Thoughts
• There is information in yourpastures and fields that remote sensing can help you extract and use
• Other forms of remote sensing (airplane, satellite) are expensive and frustrating
• UAS puts the control in your hands either directly or through your adviser
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Robert A. (Bob) SchultheisNatural Resource Engineering SpecialistWebster County Extension Center800 S. Marshall St.Marshfield, MO 65706Voice: 417‐859‐2044Fax: 417‐468‐2086
E‐mail: [email protected]: extension.missouri.edu/webster
Program Complaint InformationTo file a program complaint you may contactany of the following:
University of Missouri MU Extension AA/EEO Office
109 F. Whitten Hall, Columbia, MO 65211 MU Human Resources Office
130 Heinkel Bldg, Columbia, MO 65211
USDA Office of Civil Rights, Director
Room 326‐W, Whitten Building14th and Independence Ave., SWWashington, DC 20250‐9410
University of Missouri Extension provides equal opportunity to all participants in extension programs and activities, and for all employees and applicants for employment on the basis of their demonstrated ability and competence without discrimination on the basis of their race, color,
religion, sex, sexual orientation, national origin, age, disability or status as a protected veteran.
Questions??
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