ubushakashatsi ku gihingwa cy’umuceri uruhare rwa azote ku mikurire,umusaruro n’uburyohe...
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UBUSHAKASHATSI KU GIHINGWA CY’UMUCERIUruhare rwa Azote ku mikurire,umusaruro
n’uburyohe bw’umuceri nyafurika (NERICA)
Coach facilitator of value chain development
Head of Food security and sustainable agricultureLecturer at ICK 13 Ukuboza 2013
Innocent SIMPUNGA
Ingingo zisuzumwa
Amavu n‘amavuko y‘ubushakashatsi Uko byakozwe
Incamake y‘ibyagezweho
umusozo
Amavu n‘amavuko : impanvu y‘ubushakashatsi
ubuhinzi bw’umuceri mu Rwanda (Oryza sativa L.
Ikinyampeke gifata umwanya wa kabiri ku isi mu gutunga abantu
Gutanga inyungu n’akazi ku bantu benshi
Intungamubiri Cyadutse muri 1950’s Ubuso buriyongera cyane
3.60 ha muri 2002 7.32 ha muri 2008
Umusaruro muke wagaragaraga(3.30-5.01 t/ha)
Abakeneye umuceri biyongera ku bwinshi
www.cgisnur.org/maps/agri/images/Agri_Maps_prod_riz.jpg 14.05.2009
Ifumbire nvaruganda irahenda Gukoresha umunyu ngugu wa Azote gusa
byagenda gute? Umusaruro uziyongera gute Ducyeneye iki ngo tuzamure umusaruro
Amazi ahagije Amazi anga ate Watera ifumbire ryari kandi gute , kuki? (Witt et al. 1999; RADA, 2007)
Twibaze imbuto nshya zabonetse gute?
Ubwoko ibirango
Oriza sativa Umurumbuko mwinshi
Inkomoko yo muri aziya
Ugira indwara nyinshi
Oriza glaberrima Umurumbuko muto
Guhangana n’indwara n’ibiza binyuranye
Kudakundwa n’abahinzi
NERICA Umurumbuko mwiza nta fumbire ihagije
Ushobora kwikiba kabiri ufumbiwe neza
KWERA mu gihe gito iminsi 50
Intungamubiri Proteine
Uburyohe n‘imirire byifashe gute?
Ubwiza Ubwoko abaguzi bifuza ni ubuhe: igicuruzwa Abahinzi bazakunda iyi he mbuto ,
Aho si umuceri wa rumara inkwi?
Ese kuwutunganya biroroshye : imashini, kuwusekura?
Biterwa na: Wahinzwe hehe ; Ahantu : Bugarama Mukunguri Wasaruwe ryari Gute? Watunganyijwe ute Ubwoko bw’imashini zitunya igihingwa (IRRI, 2008)
UBUSHAKASHATSI BUGAMIJE IKI?Intego nyamukuru: Gusobanukirwa n’imikrire, umusaruro wa NERICA grown with
wakoresha Azote cyangwa utayikoresheje Niba hari ingaruka z’ifumbire ku buryohe bw’umuceri
Twibaze ibi bibazo AZOTE igira uruhare runini ku mikurire no ku murumbuko
w’umuceri Azote yaba igira ingaruka ku buryohe, ubukomere bw’umuceri
Byakozwe gute ? Byagenze biteAhantu
Intara y’amajyepfo Kamonyi :1500 m asl Ruhango:1350 m asl
UBUSHYUHE 11°C - 28°C
Invura ihagwa 1100-1200 mm
Source: www.southernprovince.gov.rw.org
Kanyegenyege
Mukunguri
Twakoresheje iki? Design: uturima duto ifumbire (Urea, 46% N) levels
0 N kg/ha 60 N kg/ha
Gucunga no gukurikirana umurima Guhumbika Gusanza. gutera. akarima: 20 m2 (5x4 m) intera: 25 x25 cm
Ubwoko bwageragejwe Muturage (MT) imbuto dusanzwe duhinga Intsinzi (VT) Tsindagira (FS) Gakire (RC)
Ubundi umuceri werera iminsi ingahe?Twateye ifumbire gute?
Igihe cyo kugemura (50%)
Umaze kubyara (25%)
umaze gutonda (25%)
Source: www.ikisan.com/links/ap_ricegrowth.shtm
Uko imirimo yakurikiranye Weekly shoot height measurement
Amazi adahagije muri KanyegenyegeGutera
Basarura ryari Ese wakuraga ute? Muri Mukunguri
GusaruraGuhura gupima no kugosaora
Hapimwe iki
Gupima uumusaruro
Wahuwe gute
kugosora
Amahugurwa , abakangurambaga
Kuganira n’abahinzi Data SYSTAT version 5 for two-way ANOVA GLM
Guhana amakuru Ese uburyohe bumeze gute
Gupima ubukomere
Gufata 150 g Kuronga incuro 4 Gutaka iminota 20 Gupima
Laboratoire Ibikoresho bihagije
Gusuzuma uburyohe”n’ubukomere
Gupima uburyohe
Gupima ubukomere
ubuhehere
14% moisture
rapid visco analyzer
Intungamubiri N AZOTE
IbyagezwehoImikuririre
b b
bb
b bb b
b b
bb
bb
b baa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
ON 60N ON 60N 0N 60N ON 60N
1.9.2008 30.10.2008 30.11.2008 29.12.2008
Nitrogen level (kg)/ha and date of observation
Sh
oo
ts h
eig
ht (c
m)
FS RC VT MT
b b
a a
bb
bb
b
bbb
aa
aa
a
ba
aa
a
aa
aa
aa
aa
aa
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
ON 60N ON 60N 0N 60N ON 60N
1.9.2008 30.10.2008 30.11.2008 29.12.2008
N-level and date of observation
Sh
oo
ts h
eig
ht (c
m)
FS RC VT MT
VT FS RC
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
IMIBYARIRE Y‘UMUCERI
No N effect and no interaction
Imibyarire y’umuceri ntaho uhurira n’ingano y’ifumbire
Kugemura bitanga imibyare myinshi kurusha guhita utera mu murima
Umubare w’umubyare ujyana n’ubwoko bw’umuceri
AA
b
aa
b AA
b
aa
b
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
MT FS RC VT 0N 60N
Genotypes and N-Fertilizer (Kg/ha)
Num
ber
tiller
s per
pla
nt
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
Ibyatsi byapimwe
Biri hejuru ya 20t/ha
AB
b
aa
b
ABb
aa
b
05
1015202530
MT FS RC VT 0N 60N
Genotypes and N-Fertilizer (Kg/ha)AG
B (t/h
a)
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
Umurumbuko wagaragaye
c
a ab B
A
c
a ab
BA
0
2
4
6
8
10
MT FS RC VT ON 60N
Genotypes and N-Fertilizer (Kg/ha)
Grain y
ield (t/h
a)
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
Mukunguri Kanyegenyege
Nitrogen (%) Protein (%) Nitrogen (%) Protein (%)
Lines 0N 60N 0N 60N 0N 60N 0N 60N
FS 1.89 1.90 11.80 11.90 1.44 1.417 8.99 8.86
MT 1.92 2.03 12.03 12.72 1.41 1.428 8.83 8.93
RC 1.76 1.83 11.01 11.43 1.43 1.457 8.93 9.11
VT 1.38 1.58 8.65 9.86 1.43 1.215 8.95 7.59
Intungamubiri : PROTEINES
UBUKOMERE BW’UMUCERI
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
Newton Newton
MT 12.921 16.833
FS 12.995 14.753
RC 13.228 13.738
VT 13,099 16.253
0N 13.146 16.706
60N 12.975 14.082
SE 0.155 1.475
N 6 6
Stickiness
AA
a
cc
bAA
a
cc
b
-3.0
-2.5
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0MT FS RC VT ON 60N
Genotypes and N-Fertilizer (Kg/ha)
Sticki
ness
(Newt
on)
Kanyegenyege Mukunguri
Farmer’s reactions versus yield factors
• VT shikama mu guhura no gusya •
BYATANZE IKI
• Umusaruro : 4000T• Imbuto nshya: • Gupfunyika neza • Gutunganya : uruganda MURPIC• Igihembo incuro 2 : 1000000
References FAO, 2004.Yield increase through the use of fertilizers and related
inputs. 1980–1984 Thailand project findings and recommendations. Terminal Report AG:FH/THA/025, p. 33.
RADA, 2008. Final report 2007. www.warda.org/publications/AR2004-05/Rwanda.pdf. www.minigri.gov http://www.irri.org/irrc//nfaq.asp http://www.irri.org/
Dushimira cyane Dr. Ronald F. Kühne and Professor Dr. Elke Pawelzik EED yatanze inkunga y’ubushakashatsi bwa MSc studies Co-ordinator and staff of UGAMA COPRORIZ, CODERIKA Win, Ulke, Gunda and Bode laboratoire. RAB/ ISAR yatanze imbuto UWAMARIYA Chantal Incuti n;abavandimwe mwitanze
Murakoze Cyane