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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul................................................................................................. i

Halaman Pengesahan ...................................................................................... ii

KATA PENGANTAR ..................................................................................... iii

INTISARI ......................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT...................................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... vii

DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ ix

DAFTAR GAMBAR ....................................................................................... x

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xi

BAB I PENDAHULUAN

1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................... 1

1.2 Rumusan Masalah .................................................................... 3

1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 3

1.4 Manfaat Penelitian .................................................................... 4

BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .........................................................

2.1 Minyak Cengkeh dan Eugenol ................................................ 5

2.2 Metileugenol ............................................................................. 8

2.3 Asam Format ............................................................................ 10

BAB III DASAR TEORI

3.1 Minyak Atsiri ............................................................................ 12

3.2 Derivat Asam Karboksilat ....................................................... 13

3.3 Reaksi Subsitusi Nukleofilik ................................................... 14

3.4 Substitusi Nukleofilik Bimolekular (S

N

2) .............................. 15

3.5 Metode Sintesis Etes Williamson ............................................ 16

3.6 Adisi Terhadap Alkena ............................................................ 17

3.7 Kromatografi Gas ..................................................................... 18

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3.8 Spektroskopi Massa.................................................................. 21

BAB IV METODOLOGI PENELITIAN

4.1 Alat dan Bahan yang digunakan .............................................. 22

4.2 Cara Kerja ................................................................................. 23

BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN

5.1 Destilasi Eugenol ...................................................................... 36

5.2 Metilasi Eugenol ....................................................................... 29

5.3 Adisi Metileugenol Dengan Asam F ormat ............................. 33

BAB VI PENUTUP

6.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................... 40

6.2 Saran .......................................................................................... 40

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................... 41

LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 43

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 1. Kandungan minyak cengkeh atau eugenol pada berbagai

bagian tumbuhan cengkeh ....................................................... 7

Tabel 2. Tetapan fisika beberapa asam karboksilat .............................. 10

Tabel 3. Harga pKa beberapa asam karboksilat .................................... 11

Tabel 4. Data hasil destilasi fraksinasi pengurangan tekanan

minyak cengkeh ........................................................................ 27

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 1. Struktur kariofilen dan eugenol ............................................... 2

Gambar 2. Struktur kandungan minyak cengkeh ...................................... 6

Gambar 3. Struktur metileugenol ............................................................... 9

Gambar 4. Struktur asam format ................................................................ 10

Gambar 5. Hubungan sintetik ester dengan senyawa lain ........................ 13

Gambar 6. Mekanisme reaksi substitusi nukleofilik b imolekular ........... 15

Gambar 7. Mekanisme reaksi sintesis metil eugenol ................................ 17

Gambar 8. Reaksi adisi terhadap alkena .................................................... 17

Gambar 9. Struktur Eugenol ....................................................................... 26

Gambar 10. Hasil kromatogram minyak cengkeh ...................................... 27

Gambar 11. Hasil kromatogram eugenol ..................................................... 28

Gambar 12. Hasil kromatogram eugenol standar ........................................ 28

Gambar 13. Hasil spektrum IR dari metil eugenol ..................................... 31

Gambar 14. Hasil kromatogram GC MS metileugenol .............................. 32

Gambar 15. Struktur metil eugenol .............................................................. 33

Gambar 16. Hasil spektrum IR dari metil eugenol format ......................... 35

Gambar 17. Hasil kromatrogram GC MS metil eugenol format ................ 37

Gambar 18. Struktur metil eugenol format.................................................. 39

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1 Perhitungan efis iensi hasil metilasi eugenol ........................... 43

Lampiran 2 Perhitungan efisiensi hasil adisi metil eugenol dengan asam

format ........................................................................................ 44

Lampiran 3 Perbandingan hasil spektrometri IR antara metil eugenol

dengan metil euge nol format ................................................... 45

Lampiran 4 Perhitungan hasil konversi metil eugenol dan metil eugenol

format ....................................................................................... 46

Lampiran 5 Hasil kromatogram eugenol awal ............................................ 47

Lampiran 6 Hasil kromatogram eugenol hasil distilasi .............................. 48

Lampiran 7 Hasil kromatogram eugenol standar ........................................ 49

Lampiran 7 Spektrum IR metil eugenol ...................................................... 50

Lampiran 8 Hasil kromatogram GC MS metil eugenol ............................. 51

Lampiran 9 Spektrum IR metil eugenol format .......................................... 57

Lampiran 10 Hasil kromatogram GC MS metil eugenol format ................. 58