undp - jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!& · 2019-02-06 · d'vk[i7 m k|ltlglw ;ef / k|b]z ;efsf]...

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd

jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!&o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

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s[i0fdl0f a/fn÷o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

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v)* 1lbuf] cfly{s j[l4sf] k|j4{g !)

lkmr/ M ;d[l4 M Ps k6sdf Pp6f 3}nf !&

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cfly{s ;xof]u / ;fem]bf/L %)

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;g\ @)!& df t/fO{df cfPsf] af9Laf6 k|efljt #!,))) eGbf a9L kl/jf/nfO{ k|ToIf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] nIosf ;fy o'Pg8LkLn] u0ftGq rLg ;/sf/sf] ;xof]udf $) nfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] k'gnf{e sfo{qmdsf] yfngL u/]sf] 5 .

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gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 klxnf]k6s ;+3Lo / k|b]z ;efsf] lgjf{rg / !& jif{eGbf a9L ;dokl5 :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg eP/ ;g\ @)!& g]kfnsf nflu P]ltxfl;s jif{ aGof] .

u'0f:t/ / ;xeflutfsf lx;fan] lgs} ;kmn /x]sf] lgjf{rgn] nf]stGqk|lt g]kfnL hgtfsf] cufw nufj bzf{of] . :yfgLo txsf gj lgjf{lrt clwsf/Lx¿dWo] $@ k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ . ;fy}k|b]z ;ef / ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\df Ps ltxfO ;L6 dlxnfsf nflu cf/lIft lyP . To;}n] of] lgjf{rg dlxnf / hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox¿sf nflu klg ;kmn /Xof] . o'Pg8LkLsf ;fdflhs cfly{s ;zQmLs/0f cfof]hgfx¿sf ;of}F dlxnf tyf o'jf nfeu|fxLx¿ cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf sfo{kflnsf jf ljwflosfdf r'lgPsf] b]Vg kfpFbf xfdL lgs} ePsf 5f}F .

of] g]kfnL ;dfhsf x/]s kIfsf] cfjfh ;'lgPsf] 5 eGg] s'/f ;'lglZrt ug]{ lsl;dsf] k|ltlglwTj xf] . ;fy} alxis/0fdf k/]sfx¿sf cfjZostfnfO{ Vofn ul/g] 5 / b]zsf] ljsf;sf k|oTgx¿df ltgnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/g]5 eGg] s'/fsf] ;'lglZrttf klg xf] .

;g\ @)!& g]kfnsf nflu o'Pg8LkLsf] sfo{qmdrqm ;g\ @)!#–@)!& sf] clGtd jif{ klg lyof] . ljutsf l;sfO, g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf k|fyldstf / Ph]G8f @)#) sf lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿df cfwfl/t eP/ g]kfnsf nflu gofF /fli6«o sfo{qmd th'{df ug'{sf ;fy} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;xfotf sfo{of]hgf -o'Pg8LPPkm_ ;g\ @)!*–@)@@_ df of]ubfg ug]{ u/L w]/} k|of; / k/fdz{ ul/P . ;g\ @)!& ;]K6]Da/ ! df g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo ;xfotf sfo{of]hgf -o'Pg8LPPkm_ df x:tfIf/ ePkl5;g\ @)!& sf] dWo ;]K6]Da/df o'Pg8LkL sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltaf6 g]kfnsf nflu gofF /fli6«o sfo{qmd -;g\ @)!*–@)@@_:jLs[t ePsf] lyof] . sfo{qmdrqmsf] clGtd jif{ eP klg ;/sf/, gful/s ;dfh / cGo ljsf; ;fem]bf/x¿;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf w]/} g} kl/0ffd xfl;n ePsf] 5 / ltgnfO{ o; jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLsf nflu ;g\ @)!& ljZjJofkL g} 7"nf] dxŒjsf] jif{ /Xof] . o'Pg8LkLsf gofF k|zf;s clsd :6fOg/nfO{ :yfg lbFb} k"j{k|zf;s x]n]g Snfs{n] o; ;ª\u7g ;~rfngsf] cjlw k"/f ug'{eof] . ;g\ @)!& sf] cGTodf pxfFsf] dfu{bz{gdf 5 j6f ljsf;sf ;"qx¿;lxt o'Pg8LkLsf nflu gofF ;+:yfut /0fgLlt ;fj{hlgs eof] . tL ;a} ;"qx¿ g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf

r'gf}tLx¿sf ;Gbe{df ;fGble{s 5g\, To;}sf/0f ltgn] o'Pg8LkL g]kfnsf sfddf o'Pg8LkLsf ;+:yfut k|fyldstfx¿aLr alnof] tfnd]n ;'lglZrt u/fpF5g .

lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿ u|x0f u/]b]lv g} ltgnfO{ nfu' / :yfgLos/0f ug]{, !$cf}F lqjifL{o ljsf; cfof]hgfdf ltgnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug]{, lbuf] ljsf; nIodf cfwfl/t eP/ ah]6 th'{df ug]{ / lbuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;+of]lht k|of; ;'lglZrt ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf ;~rfns ;ldlt u7g h:tf dxŒjk"0f{ sfdx¿ ;dod} ;DkGg ub}{ g]kfn lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] kydf cGt/f{li6«o:t/d} cu|:yfgdf /x]sf] 5 . o;sf cltl/Qm lbuf] ljsf; nIosf nflu g]kfnsf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] xft]dfnf] ug'{kg]{ cfjZostfnfO{ dxŒj lbP/ oL k|oTgx¿nfO{ k"/f ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] lbuf] ljsf; nIosf nflu o'jf ;~hfn / gful/s ;dfh ;~hfnnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 / ælbuf] ljsf; nIosf nflu lghL If]qsf] kxnÆyfngL u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjogdf nfu]sf] 5 / To; qmddf ;ª\3Lotfsf] sfof{Gjog d'Vo 5 . o;n] ;ft k|b]z / &%# j6f :yfgLo txdf zlQm / lhDd]jf/LnfO{ lgIf]k0f ub{5 . o'Pg8LkLn] gofF /fhgLlts / k|zf;lgs ;Gbe{nfO{ u|x0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 .

xfdLn] ;g\ @)!* df gofF k~jifL{o sfo{qmdsf] yfngL ug]{5f}F / g]kfnel/ g} :yfgLo:t/df xfd|f] pkl:ylt ;'b[9 ub}{ gjlgjf{lrt kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgs6df k'Ug] u/L xfd|f sd{rf/L / nufgLsf] :yfgfGt/0f ug]{5f}F .

;ª\3Lo k|0ffnLdf ¿kfGt/0f / lbuf] ljsf; nIodf xfl;n ug{ k|oTg/t /x]sf] g]kfnnfO{ ;fy lbFb} ;g\ @)!& df dxŒjk"0f{ glthf xfl;n ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o ;fem]bf/x¿nfO{ xfdL wGojfb lbG5f}F . g]kfnL dlxnf / k'¿ifsf] :t/Lo hLjgsf nflu pgLx¿sf clwsf/ / cfsfª\Iff k"lt{ ug{ ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ;fem]bf/L ub}{ xfdL cfpg] lbgdf klg ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ ug]{ k|ltj4tf JoQm ub{5f}F .

k|fSsyg

/]gf] d]o//fli6«o lgb]{zso'Pg8LkL g]kfn

e]n/L h'lnofG8g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cfjf;Lo ;+of]hs tyf o'''Pg8LkL cfjf;Lo k|ltlglw


!= ul/aLsf] cGTo

@= ef]sd/Lsf] cGTo #= :j:y / ;d'Ggt ;dfh

$= u'0f:t/Lo lzIff %= n}ª\lus ;dfgtf

^= ;kmf kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO

&= :jR5 pmhf{df ;xh kx'Fr

*= dof{lbt sfd tyf cfly{s j[l4

(= pBf]u, k"jf{wf/ / gjLg l;h{gf

!)= Go"g c;dfgtf

!$= hnd'lgsf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f

!!= lbuf] ;x/ / ;d'bfox¿

!%= hldgdflysf] h}ljs ljljwtfsf] ;+/If0f

!@= dof{lbt /f]huf/ pTkfbg

!^= zflGt, Gofo / ;zQm lgsfox¿

!#= hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf tTsfn kxn

!&= nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;fem]bf/L

lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox?

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!& 7

lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo xfl;n ug{ ;a} tx / sfo{qmd rqmsf ;a} r/0f -k/fdz{, of]hgf, sfof{Gjog cg'udg tyf ;dLIff_ ug{ ;/sf/ / ;/sf/ aflx/ /xsf ;a}sf] ;xeflutf / ;xsfo{ cfjZos x'G5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] ;kmn sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt b]zsf] cfˆg} lbuf] ljsf; gLltdf lge{/ x'G5 . /fli6«o:t/df ePsf k|ultsf] cg'udg ug]{ k|fylds lhDd]jf/L ;/sf/sf] x'G5 . lghL If]q / gful/s ;dfhn] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ e"ldsf klg plQs} 5 . gful/sn] klg ;/sf/sf sfdsf] lgu/fgL / ;dy{g u/]/ pNn]Vo ¿kdf o;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5g\ .

;g\ @)!& df lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ xfl;n ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfn ;/sf/, lghL If]q, gful/s ;dfh / ;~rf/dfWodx¿;Fu glhs /x]/ sfd ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] cfwf/ k|ltj]bg tyf ;|f]t Joj:yfkg;lxtsf] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo sfof{Gjog /0ffgLlt tof/ kf¥of] . g]kfnn] ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf xfl;n ug'{kg]{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf g]kfnsf nflu dxŒjk"0f{ ;"rs;lxt ;g\ @)#) sf Ph]G8fnfO{ klg cfˆgf] /fli6«o of]hgf tyf gLlt, /fli6«o ah]6 / cGo If]qut of]hgfdf d"nk|jfxLs/0f u/]sf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf; nIo / o;sf ;"rs ldNg] u/L /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sgsf] /fli6«o sfo{9fFrf agfpg o'Pg8LkLn] ;xof]u u¥of] .

lbuf] ljsf; nIosf ;DaGwdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] d'Vofnodf z'¿d} k|f/lDes k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ b]zx¿dWo] g]kfn Ps xf] . ljZj d~rdf cfˆgf];lqmo ;+nUgtfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP/ g]kfn :j}lR5s /fli6«o ;dLIff -Voluntary National Reviews ;g\ @)!&_ ;lxt

pRr:t/Lo /fhgLlts d~r -High-level Political

Forum_ df ;xefuL ePsf] 5 . of] ;dLIffn] ;g\ !(() otf ul/aL Go"gLs/0f / dfgj ljsf;df pNn]Vo k|ult ePsf] b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfndf sfo{/t ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfoxsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] k|d'v lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfo{ ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj ub}{ o'Pg8LkLn] cfjZos k|fljlws ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] .

o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xhLs/0fdf lbuf] ljsf; nIosf nflu lghL If]qsf] kxn z'¿ ePsf] 5 . of] cfˆgf] Joj;fonfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo cg'¿k ldnfg ug{ cfjZos 7fGg] / lbuf] ljsf; xfl;n ug{sf g]kfndf c¿ ;/f]sf/jfx¿;Fu sfd ug]{ ;dfg ljrf/ ePsf pBdLx¿sf] :j}lR5s kxn xf] . o; cGtu{t Joj;foLx¿n] cfˆgf Jofj;flos of]hgfdf lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ ;dfj]z ug{ yfln;s]sf 5g\ . otL Po/nfOG;n] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIoaf/] hgr]tgf cleofgdf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3;Fu u/]sf] ;fem]bf/L pNn]vgLo 5 . ;fy o;n] ljz]if u/Lsfa{g t6:y sDkgL x'gsf nflu k|lqmof z'¿ ug{ o'Pg8LkL;Fusf] ;xsfo{df :j}lR5s ¿kdf sfa{g pT;h{g k/LIf0f cEof; u/]sf] 5 . pQm Po/nfOG;n] pT;h{g 36fpFb} ;Gt'ng sfod u/]/ s]xL jif{leq sfa{g t6:y aGg] nIo lnPsf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLn] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo k|flKtsf nflu gful/s ;dfh ;~hfn / o'jf ;~hfn;Fu klg ;fem]bf/L lj:tf/ u/]sf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ cu|tf lbg o'jfsf] e"ldsf,hnjfo' kl/jt{g / cg's"ng, n}ª\lus ;dfgtf, o'jf / :jo+;]jf, gjLgtf, k|ljlw / ljsf; nufot ljleGg ljifoj:t'df o'Pg8LkLn] $) eGbf a9L cGt/lqmof cfof]hgf u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn cfly{s kqsf/ ;dfh -;]hg_ ;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf o'Pg8LkLn] b]zel/ @)) eGbf a9L kqsf/nfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo / ljsf;;DaGwL ;dfrf/ ;ª\sngsf] tflnd lbPsf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLn] u/]sf oL sfdn] g]kfnL hgtf / pgLx¿sf] b]zsf] eljio k|ToIf ¿kdf lgwf{/0f ug]{ lbuf] ljsf; nIosf] :yfgLos/0f ub}{ sfof{Gjog / cg'udg ug{] Ifdtf ljsf;sf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf 5g .

lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ / o'Pg8LkL

;g\ @)!& df lbuf] ljsf; nIonfO{ cu|tf lbg o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfn ;/sf/, lghL If]q, gful/s ;dfh / ;~rf/dfWodx¿;Fu lgs6df /x]/ sfd ug]{ sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] .


ul/aL Go"gLs/0f pTyfgzLn lgdf{0f

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pkof]uL ;fwg k|bfg

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tLdWo] !,))) hgf :yfgLo ;/sf/df lgjf{lrt x'g ;kmn eP .

sf7df08" kf]:6;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf n}ª\lus e"ldsfaf/] hgr]tgf km}nfpg lel8of] z[ª\vnfsf] yfngL ul/of],

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dflg; n}ª\lus ;dfgtfaf/]sf] 5nkmndf ;+nUg eP .

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k|flKtsf] k|oTgnfO{ tLj|tf lbg] ;DefJotf /x]sf /f]af]l6S; / l/df]6 ;]lG;ª nufotsf gjLg k|ljlwsf]

lgdf{0f / k|of]udf ;+nUg eP .

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/ d'n'sL P]g;Fu ;DalGwt

sfg'g / ljw]osx¿ cGt/f{li6«o dfgj clwsf/ dfkb08 /

cGt/f{li6«o ;lGwx¿df g]kfnn] JoQm u/]sf] k|lta4tf cg¿k /x]sf]

;'lglZrt ug{ k'g/fjnf]sg ul/P .

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l;FrfO s'nf], ahf/ s]Gb|, vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf / s[lif ;8s h:tf ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/÷k'gMlgdf{0f eP h;af6 e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf !),&** kl/jf/x¿ nfeflGjt eP .

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8sdL{ / l;sdL{ tyf @%,))) dflg;x¿df -$) k|ltzt dlxnf_ pTyfgzLntf / lskmfot 3/sf gd'gf;DaGwL tflnd /

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:yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{x¿sf] sfof{Gjog .

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eGbf a9L 3/wgLnfO{ 3/lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of / lh1f;fx¿ ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u .

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ul/Psf] lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g ;]jfaf6

hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 hf]lvddf k/]sf lhNnfsf ^%,))) eGbf a9LnfO{

kmfObf k'Ug] u/L l;FrfO s'nf], kf]v/L, jiff{sf] kfgL ;ª\sng ug]{ 6\ofª\sL lgdf{0f / yf]kf l;FrfO k|0ffnLh:tf

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eGbf a9L ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ h;df gjlgjf{lrt :yfgLo ;/sf/ tyf ljifout dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx¿ ;d]tnfO{ ;+nUg u/fO g]kfnsf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff / tflnd;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿sf] ;dLIff . ;dLIffdf sfo{qmdsf] ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj k|fKt

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nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf


lbuf] cfly{s j[l4sf] k|j4{g

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ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu b]zsf] ;du| cfly{s kIf ;an x'g cfjZos 5 . g]kfnn] s'n ufx{:y pTkfbgdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 ul//x]sf] a]nf ;g\

@)!% df cfPsf] e"sDkn] To;sf] pknlAwdf cj/f]w pTkGg ul/lbof] . cfly{s ¿kdf hf]lvddf k/]sfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] vf;u/L dlxnfsf nflu n3' pBd, o'jfsf nflu ;Lk tyf Jofj;flos tflnd k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} g]kfnsf] cfly{s j[l4sf nflu lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf Ifltu|:t k"jf{wf/sf] k'glg{df{0f ug{ yk nufgL u/]sf] 5 .


;fgf tyf n3' pBdsf] k|j4{g, ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/x¿sf] k'g:yf{kgf / k'glg{df{0f tyf k|fljlws lzIff g]kfndf ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu yflnPsf] o'Pg8LkLsf] sfo{qmd k|efjsf/L ;fljt ePsf] 5 . h'Dnfdf ;~rflnt :ofp pBd o; sfo{qmdsf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] .

sdn/fh l;Ub]n÷o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


n3' pBdsf] zlQmnfO{ ;+:yfut ul/“b}

g]kfndf vf;u/L dlxnf / hf]lvddf /x]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ ul/aLaf6 psf:g n3' tyf ;fgf Joj;fosf] :yfkgf / k|j4{g Hofb} g} ;kmn gd'gf ag]sf] 5 . o'Pg8LkL g]kfnsf] n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_ul/aL Go"gLs/0fdf lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ k|dfl0ft ePsf] 5 . To;}n] ;/sf/n] o; sfo{qmdnfO{ of]hgf / sfof{Gjogdf ;dfj]z u/]sf] 5 / ;g\ @)!* df d]8]ksf] k"0f{ :jfldTj u|x0f ug]{5 . ;g\ @))*÷@))( df z'¿ ePsf] ;/sf/sf] cfˆg} ul/aL lgjf/0fsf nflu n3' pBd ljsf; -d]8kf_ rf}wf}F lqjifL{o of]hgf -;g\ @)!( ;Dd cjlw /x]sf]_df k'gM ;dfj]z ePsf] 5 . d]8]k :yfkgf ePb]lv rf}yf] r/0fsf] cGTo;Dd of] of]hgfn] pBf]u dGqfnonfO{ g]kfnel/ &#,))) j6f gofF n3' pBd :yfkgf ug{ / ljBdfg ^),))) n3' pBdnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ sfof{b]z k|bfg ub{5 . o;af6 !@&,))) /f]huf/L l;h{gf x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfnsf ;a} && j6} lhNnfdf d]8kfsf ?kdf d]8]k gd'gf k|of]udf NofOPsf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLåf/f pBdzLntf tflndsf] qmddf k|bfg ul/Psf] ;fOsndf /fv]/ zx/df t/sf/L a]Rg n}hfg tof/ ;'v]{tsf] rf/s'g]sL lad;/f las .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦ c:6«]lnofsf] j}b]lzs dfldnf / Jofkf/ dGqfnosf] ;xof]u /x]sf] clxn] rf}yf] / clGtd r/0fdf /x]sf] d]8]kn] cfof]hgfsf] k"/} cjlwdf !#!,))) n3' pBdLx¿ tof/ kf/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df o; sfo{qmdn] yk !^,&(^ n3' pBdLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . pBdLx¿df dlxnfsf] ax'dt -sl/a &( k|ltzt_ /xg'sf ;fy} pNn]Vo ;ª\Vofdf blnt tyf cflbjf;L ;d'bfosf dflg; 5g\ . g]kfnsf] rfn' ljs]Gb|Ls/0f k|lqmofnfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} gofF k|zf;lgs ;+/rgfdf d]8]ksf] /0fgLlt kq tof/ kfg{ / ljBdfg lgb]{lzsfnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{ pBf]u dGqfnonfO{ d]8]ksf] k|fljlws ;xfotf / k/fdz{sf k|oTg klg yflnPsf 5g\ . d]8]kn] %)% :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/sf !!,^)) eGbf a9L gjlgjf{lrt k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ n3' pBd ljsf; gd'gfsf af/]df cled'vLs/0f ug{ klg dGqfnonfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

o;}sf] kmn:j¿k w]/} pBd ljsf; sf]ifx¿ / pBd ljsf; ;ldltx¿ u7g ePsf 5g\ / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] ah]6sf] pNn]Vo dfqf, #( s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}ofF n3' pBdzLntf ljsf;sf ultljlwdf ljlgof]hg ePsf] 5 .

!#!,)))

d]8]kn] cfˆgf] kl/of]hgf cjlwdf

eGbf a9L n3' pBdL agfPsf] 5 . clxn] o;sf] rf}yf] tyf clGtd r/0f xf] .


o;sf cltl/Qm pBdLx¿nfO{ Joj;fodf k'FhL a9fpg C0fdf ;xh kx'Frsf nflu d]8]kn] hf]lvddf /x]sf tyf alxis/0fdf k/]sf dflg;x¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ax'd"No k'FhL clej[l4 ug{ kx'Fr lbgsf nflu #% j6f a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿;Fu n3' pBd ;+3sf] ;xsfo{df klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df dfq !),@#( n3' pBdLx¿n] !( s/f]8 %) nfv ?k}ofF C0f k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ .

;dfj]zL / u'0f:t/Lo k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff / tflnddf ;xof]u

g]kfndf ;/sf/L lgsfox¿, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿, lghL kmd{sf ;fy} ljleGg bft[ lgsfox¿n] ;xof]u u/]sf cfof]hgfx¿ nufot 7"nf ;ª\Vofdf ;+:yfx¿ k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd k|bfg ug]{ sfo{qmddf ;+nUg 5g\ . oL tflnd lbg] ;+:yfx¿aLr ;+of]hg ;'b[9Ls/0f ug'{, tflnd;DaGwL Joj:yfdf /x]sf gldNbf s'/fsf] cGTo ug'{ / lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo $ cg'¿k k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflndsf sfo{qmdx¿sf] u'0f:t/ / kl/df0fdf qmdzM ;'wf/ ug'{ cfjZos lyof] . To;sf/0f o'Pg8LkL, lzIff dGqfno / k|fljlws lzIff tyf Jofj;flos tflnd kl/ifb\ -;L6LO{eL6L_ åf/f 1fg / cfhLjg l;sfOsf] ;Lksf nflu ;xof]u -l:sN;_ sfo{qmd th'{df / sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] lyof] .

1fg / cfhLjg l;sfOsf] ;Lksf nflu ;xof]u -l:sN;_n] ;g\ @)!& df /fli6«o k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd ;DaGwL gLltdf ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/, lghL If]q / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf lj:t[t gLltut 5nkmn rnfof] . o:tf] 5nkmn ;ª\3Lo ;Gbe{df cem ;fGble{s lyof] / of] cy{tGq tyf :yfgLo >d ahf/sf] cfjZostfsf nflu yk pko'Qm sfo{qmd th'{df ug{sf nflu cfof]hgf

ul/Psf] lyof] .k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd gLltsf] kl/dfh{gsf nflu ;'emfj lng ul/Psf k|of;afx]s l:sN; k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd sfo{qmdsf] u'0f:t/sf] ;'lglZrttf / 1fgsf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu PsLs[t cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg k|0ffnL th'{df ug{ klg sfo{/t 5 . o;n] j]a;fO6df cfwfl/t k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;an agfpF5 . To:tf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf lzIff dGqfnot cGtu{t ;~rflnt k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} sfo{qmd / cfof]hgfx?sf] tYofª\s /xg] 5 . o;n] k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflndsf ultljlwx¿ kQf nufpg] sfo{ / d"Nofª\sg cg';f/sf pRr d"Nox¿sf] ;ª\u|x ub{5 . l:sN;n] o; k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ sfd yfln;s]sf] 5 .

l:sN;n] /fli6«o k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflndsf] lj:t[t jflif{s k|ltj]bg k|sfzg u/]sf] 5, h;df k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd;DaGwL b]zJofkL ;"rgf ;dfj]z 5 . of] k|ltj]bg gLlt lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ gLlt lgdf{0f ug{, of]hgfsf/ / ;]jf k|bfosx¿nfO{ cfjZostfsf] ljZn]if0f ug{ / cg';Gwfgstf{x¿nfO{ cfjZos ;xfotf lj:tf/ ug{ pkof]uL ;|f]t x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

g]kfndf /f]huf/L / pBdzLntf k|j4{g ug{ / ljz]if u/L g]kfnL o'jfnfO{ b]zdf g} kl/rfng ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd k|bfosx¿aLr ;+of]hg a9fpg sfd ul//x]sf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

1fg / cfhLjg l;sfOsf] ;Lksf nflu ;xof]u -l:sN;_ n] ;g\ @)!& df /fli6«o k|fljlws / Jofj;flos lzIff tyf tflnd;DaGwL gLltdf ;'wf/sf nflu ;/sf/, lghL If]q / ljsf;sf ;fem]bf/x¿;Fu /fi6«JofkL ¿kdf lj:t[t gLltut 5nkmn rnfof .


;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{g

@)&@ ;fnsf] e"sDkn] hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt;Fu} clt dxŒjk"0f{ ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljgfz klg u¥of] . hLljsf]kfh{gsf cj;/x¿ k'gM;~rfng ug{ / dflg; / ;d[l4aLrsf] ;DaGw k'gM:yfkgf ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] wflbª, bf]nvf, uf]/vf, g'jfsf]6, /;'jf / l;Gw'kfNrf]s u/L e"sDk k|efljt 5 j6f lhNnfdf l;FrfO s'nf], ;ª\sng÷ahf/ s]Gb|x¿, vfg]kfgL ;+/rgf / s[lif ;8s lgdf{0f h:tf !#$ j6f ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/sf] k'glg{df{0f÷dd{t u¥of] h;af6 !),&** kl/jf/ nfeflGjt eP .

o; ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ tyf hLljsf]kfh{g sfo{qmd -;LcfO{Pncf/kL_ dl/;; ;/sf/, OG6/g];gn d]l8sn sK;{ tyf a[h x]8 kmfpG8];gsf] cfly{s ;xof]u Pj+ lhNnfsf ljifout lgsfox¿ tyf :yfgLo lgjf{lrt lgsfox¿;Fusf] lgs6 ;DaGwdf ;~rflnt 5 . of] ;fem]bf/Lsf] kmn:j¿k sfo{qmdsf] vr{sf] sDtLdf %) k|ltzt of]ubfg :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿af6 x'g yfn]sf] 5 .

o;afx]s …sfdsf nflu gubÚ of]hgfdfkm{t !),))) eGbf a9L dflg;n] c:yfoL /f]huf/L kfP, h;dWo] @@ k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\ kfP . cfDbfgLsf ultljlwnfO{ yk tLj| agfpg of] kl/of]hgfn] 5 j6f lhNnfdf ;d'bfox¿sf nflu ;'wfl/Psf] k|ljlwdfkm{t ;Lk ljsf; / pTkfbg k|j4{g nufotsf $% j6f hLljsf]kfh{g ultljlwx¿ klg sfof{Gjog u¥of] . o;af6 #,!#( kl/jf/ k|ToIf ¿kdf nfeflGjt eP .

o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf lgdf{0f ePsf] l;FrfO s'nf], h;n] l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf e"sDk k|efljt ;d'bfonfO{ s[lif / cGo cfly{s Joj;fo k'gM z'¿ ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

nIdLk|;fb ªfv';L ÷ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦


ljsf; ljQsf] d"Nofª\sgdf ;xof]u

g]kfnn] ;g\ @)#) ;Dd lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ xfl;n ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿ ;g\ @)!% df ljZjJofkL ¿kdf :jLs[t cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo nIox¿ x'g\ / ltgnfO{ xfl;n ug{ g]kfnn] 7"nf] nufgL ug{ cfjZos 5 . o'Pg8LkLn] P8LaL / 8LPkmcfO{8L;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnonfO{ ljsf; ljQsf] d"Nofª\sg -Development

Finance Assesment, l8PkmP_ sf nflu ;xof]u u¥of] . lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿df g]kfnsf] b[9 k|lta4tf / ;g\ @)@@ ;Dddf g]kfn ljsf;zLn /fi6«df tyf ;g\ @)#) ;Dddf dWod cfo ePsf] b]zdf :t/f]Gglt x'g] rfxgfsf cfwf/df pQm cWoogn] ;/sf/n] sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;'wf/

ug{, nufgLsf] :t/ a9fpg / lghL If]qnfO{ ;lqmo agfpg] nufgLsf] jftfj/0f ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{ l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 .

8LPkmPn] g]kfnsf nflu lbuf] ljsf; nIodf cfjZos kg]{ nufgL kl/rfng ug{] cj;/x¿ klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu g]kfnn] ljleGg ljZj ;x'lnot sf]ifx¿ -global concessional funds_ nufotaf6 j}b]lzs ;xfotfsf] kl/rfngsf nflu cj;/sf] k"0f{ pkof]u ug{ cem} afFsL 5, h'g cltsd ljsl;t b]zsf dfkb08sf] cf};t pkof]u ubf{ &) k|ltzt;Dd a9fpg ;lsG5 . To;}u/L, g]kfnn] k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] :t/ a9fpg] ;Defjgf klg 5, c¿ cltsd ljsl;t d'n'sx¿df k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgLsf] cf};t :t/ g]kfnsf] eGbf @) u'0ffn] a9L 5 .

!),&**

o'Pg8LkLn] e"sDk k|efljt 5 j6f lhNnfdf k'glg{df{0f u/]sf l;FrfO s'nf], ;ª\

sng÷ahf/ s]Gb|x¿, vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf / s[lif ;8s h:tf ;fd'bflos

k"jf{wf/af6

kl/jf/ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

#@=$∞-$ ca{ @) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_

-cf]8LPafx]s_ ;/sf/L /fh:j

!)=*∞-! ca{ $) s/f]8

cd]l/sL 8n/_ cfGtl/s lghL If]qaf6 C0f

*=%∞-! ca{ !) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_

cf}krfl/s ljsf; ;xfotf -cf]8LP_

)=%∞-^) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ cGo

cf}krfl/s cfo -cf]cf]Pkm_

)=$∞-%$ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ ;/sf/L C0f

)=#∞-$# s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ k|ToIf j}b]lzs nufgL -Pkm8LcfO{_

$&=!∞-^ ca{ !) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ ljk|]if0f

ljsf; ljQsf ;|f]t

;|f]t M ljsf; ljQ d"Nofª\sg @)!&


lbuf] ljsf; nIo xfl;n ug{ nufgL a9fpg' Pp6f cfjZostf xf] eg] pknAw ePsf ;|f]tsf] klg k|efjsf/L pkof]u ug{' dxŒjk"0f{ kIf xf] . pbfx/0fsf nflu cfly{s jif{ ;g\ @)!$÷!%df k'FhLut ah]6sf] &^ k|ltzt dfq vr{ eof] . pknAw ePsf ;|f]t vr{ ug{ g;Sg] r'gf}tLn] pknAw cf}krfl/s ;xfotf nufot yk nufgLsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ klg ;Lldt ul//x]sf] 5 . o; cWoogn] g]kfnn] yk nufgLsf cj;/ phfu/ ug'{kg]{ tyf ljBdfg ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug]{ Ifdtf klg ;'b[9 ug'{kg]{

l;kmfl/; u/]sf] 5 . To:tf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0f ;/sf/L If]qsf] ;'wf/sf pkfox¿dfkm{t /÷jf ;]jf k|jfx / ;fj{hlgs nufgLdf /fHoeGbf afl/xsf kfqx¿sf] ;+nUgtfdfkm{t ;d]t ug{ ;lsg] ;'emfj lbOPsf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkL / Unf]an OGefo/d]G6 km]l;ln6Lsf] ;xof]udf kf]v/fsf :yfgLoafl;Gbfx¿sf] Pp6f ;d"x ko{6gsf] k|d'v cfsif{0f ag]sf] km]jftfndf km}ln/x]sf] xflgsf/s emf/af6 pkof]uL sDkf]:6 dn / x:tsnfsf ;fdfg agfpFb}

Nofda6{ sf]Ndg ÷ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦


lkmr/

;d[l4 M Ps k6sdf Pp6f 3}nfx/]s lbg !,%)) eGbf a9L o'jf sfdsf nflu ljb]z hfg] b]zdf ;'g;/Lsf laGb]Zj/ / pgsf] 6f]nLn] eg] :jb]zd} kl/jf/sf ;fy a;]/ klg /fd|f] sdfO ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] b]vfPsf 5g\ .

g]kfnsf] blIf0fL efudf ul/aLaf6 la:tf/} dfly p7\g nfu]sf] ;'g;/Lsf] ;fgf] ufpFdf laGb]Zj/ kl08t ;kmntfsf pbfx/0f ag]sf 5g\ . laGb]Zj/ / pgsf] 6f]nLsf nflu k/Dk/fut df6fsf efF8f agfpg] pBdn] cfw'lgstf lbnfPsf] 5 . pgL / ToxL ufpFsf pgsf ;fyLx¿sf nflu df6fsf efF8f agfpg] sfd k'Vof}{nL k];f clxn] Joj;fo ag]sf] 5 .

æxfdLn] hfg]b]lv g} xfdL of] Joj;fodf nfu]sf 5f}F .Æ 3'Db} u/]sf] lah'nLaf6 rNg] rqmaf6 df6fsf] efF8f xftdf lnFb} pgn] eg], æs]xL jif{ cl3;Dd klg o;n] xfd|f] hLljsf]kfh{gdf d'l:snn] ;xof]u ub{Yof] . xfdL xft]rqmsf] k|of]u ub{Yof}F, h;n] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] Joj;fo a9fpg] u/L pTkfbg lbg ;Sb}gYof] .Æ

t/ pgL / cGo s'dfn]x¿n] ;d"x lgdf{0f u/]kl5 kl/jt{g cfof] . pgLx¿n] ljB'tLo rqm / df6f] d'5\g] ldS;r/ nufotsf cfw'lgs d]l;g NofP, s]xL pBdzLntf / ahf/;DaGwL ;Lk l;s] / 3/df ˆofS6«Lsf] ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb| lgdf{0f u/] . c:6«]lnofsf] j}b]lzs dfldnf tyf Jofkf/ dGqfnoåf/f ;xof]u k|fKt g]kfn ;/sf/ / o'Pg8LkLsf]

/f]huf/L lbg]dfq geO ;Lk k|bfg ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ g]kfndf g} pTkfbs agfpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . d]8]kn] u|fdL0f tyf ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;d"xdf df6fsf efF8f agfpg], tfg a'Gg] / Ao'6L kfn{/ ;~rfngb]lv x:tsnf, sfk]{6 / u/uxgf agfpg] ;Ddsf pgLx¿sf] /f]hfOsf pBd yfNgsf nflu tflnd k|bfg ul//x]sf] 5 .

æo;df s] s'/f rfvnfUbf] 5 eg] u/Lasf nflu cfo cfh{gsf cj;/sf cltl/Qm oL n3' pBdx¿n] ;fdflhs ;DaGw a9fpFb} 5g\ / ;d'bfox¿aLrsf] lje]b klg 36fpFb} 5g\,Æ d]8]ksf /fli6«o sfo{qmd lgb]{zs tyf g]kfn ;/sf/, pBf]u dGqfnosf pk;lrj laGbf cfrfo{ .

laGb]Zj/n] eg], æxfd|f] Joj;fosf] ;kmntfaf6 k|efljt eP/ w]/} o'jfn] df6fsf efF8f agfpg] cfˆg} pBd yfn]sf 5g\ . cfˆg} b]zdf sfdsf] cj;/ eP / kl/jf/df a;]/ sfd ug]{ cj;/ kfpFbf sf]xL klg b]z 5f8]/ vf8Lsf] k|r08 udL{df hfg rfxFb}g .Æ

xfn %) nfv g]kfnL vf8L tyf blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofnL b]zx¿df sfd ul//x]sf] / x/]s jif{ $,%),))) eGbf a9L o'jf >d ahf/df k|j]z ug]{ u/]sf] cg'dfg 5 . j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg] !) hgfdf Pshgf dfq bIf / !) hgfdf tLghgf dfq cw{bIf /x]sf x'G5g\ . o;/L 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf cbIf o'jf hgzlQm aflxl/Fb} u/]sf] cj:yfdf n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd o'jfnfO{

ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+o'Qm n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_ dfkm{t pgLx¿ of] pknlAw xfl;n ug{ ;Ifd ePsf x'g\ .

pgLx¿sf cg';f/ clxn] pgLx¿sf] ;d"x kfFr u'0ff a9L pTkfbg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] 5 . pgLx¿ Jojl:yt x'g'sf ;fy} cem /fd|f] Jofkfl/s /0fgLlt ;d]t ckgfpg vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . gf} ;b:oLo 6f]nLsf x/]s ;b:osf] dfl;s cf};t cfDbfgL ? #),))) a9L 5 . bLkfjnL -ltxf/_ sf] a]nf dfq cfkm"n] ? !) nfv a/fa/sf sDtLdf % nfv df6fsf kfnf a]r]sf] laGb]Zj/n] atfP .

laGb]Zj/n] eg] ædf6fsf efF8fsf] dfu a9\bf] 5 / xfdL Joj;fo lj:tf/ ug]{ ;f]rdf 5f}F . o;sf] 7"nf] ahf/ 5 . d 3/fo;L ;hfj6 ;d]tsf nflu gofF l8hfOg ug]{ ;f]rfOdf 5' .Æ

x/]s lbg sfdsf] vf]hLdf !,%)) o'jf hgzlQm dWok"j{df hfg] u/]sf] g]kfn h:tf] b]zsf nflu o:tf] k/Dk/fut Joj;fosf] k'gM k|j4{gn] s]xLnfO{ la:tf/} b]zd} sfddf nfUg xf};nf lbPsf] 5 .

rGb|z]v/ sfsL{÷o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf / ljlwsf] zf;g k|j4{g

g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg @)&@ n] kl/sNkgf u/] cg';f/ g]kfn gofF ;ª\3Lo k|zf;lgs ;+/rgfdf k|j]z ub}{5

. of] ;ª\qmd0fn] l;sfOsf w]/} df]8 lnPsf] 5 / b]zdf nf]stflGqs zf;g Joj:yf / ljlwsf] zf;g ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yfut / k|lqmofx¿sf] ;dLIff / kl/dfh{g ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs / cfly{s lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xeflutf / k|ltlglwTjsf] u'0f:t/ k|j4{g ug{,kf/bzL{, hjfkmb]xL ;+:yfx¿sf] :yfkgf ug{,;'wfl/Psf] ;]jf k|bfg ug{, zflGtk"0f{, lbuf] / pTyfgzLn ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f ug{ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] Pp6f d'Vo ;fem]bf/ ag]sf] 5 .

v)* 2


o'Pg8LkLsf] lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]]hgfsf] ;xof]udf lgjf{rg cfof]un] @)&$ sf] lgjf{rgdf dtbftf / pDd]bjf/ b'j}df dlxnfnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{ a[xt\ cleofg ;~rfng u/]sf] lyof] .



;dfj]zL, ljZj;gLo / ;xeflutfd"ns lgjf{rgsf nflu ;xof]u

gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkl5 @)&$ df g]kfnn] klxnf] /fli6«o, k|fb]lzs / :yfgLo lgjf{rg ;DkGg u¥of] . ! s/f]8 %) nfv dtbftfx¿ ;+nUg oL lgjf{rgx¿ zflGtk"0f{ / kf/bzL{ ?kdf ;DkGg u/fpg' lgjf{rg cfof]usf] 7"nf] pknlAw xf] . cfof]usf] o; k|oTgdf o'Pg8LkL ;xofqL ag]sf] lyof] .

;g\ @))* b]lv g} o''Pg8LkLsf] lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]hgf -O{P;kL_ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ;+:yfut ;'b[9Ls/0f / k];fut ljsf;sf nflu sfo{/t lyof] . g]kfnsf] nf]stflGqs k|lqmofdf cy{k"0f{ / Jofks ;xeflutf /x]sf] ;'lglZrt ug{ cfof]unfO{ o'Pg8LkLn] ;xof]u k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] lyof] . o; ;Gbe{df ;g\ @)!& df 8]gdfs{, o'/f]k]nL ;ª\3, gj]{ / ;+o'Qm clw/fHo -a]nfot_ sf] ;xof]u;lxtsf] of] kl/of]hgfn] ljleGg lgjf{rg k|lqmofx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf k|fljlws ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] qmd hf/L /fVof] . lgjf{rgkl5sf ultljlwdf klg of] hf/L /Xof] .

;g\ @)!& sf] z'¿df g} lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] lgjf{rg of]hgf tyf ;~rfng, dtbfg;DaGwL tflnd, dtbftf lzIff, zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rgsf] k|j4{g, lgjf{rg;DaGwL ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg / n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf If]qdf k|fljlws / k/fdz{ ;xfotfdf s]lGb|t x'Fb} lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ ;dfj]zL, ljZj;gLo / ;xeflutfd"ns lgjf{rg ;~rfng ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] .

kl/of]hgfn] ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfonfO{ s]lGb|t ub}{ ;DefJo dlxnf pDd]bjf/x¿sf nflu cled'vLs/0fsf] cfof]hgf ug'{sf ;fy} dtbfg clws[tsf] sfof{nonfO{ cfjZos ;fdu|L tyf pks/0f;lxt ;fwg ;DkGg agfpg ;xof]u u¥of] . To;sf ;fy} cfof]usf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nob]lv tNnf] tx;Dd lgjf{rg;DaGwL ljleGg tflnd / c¿ klg sfd ug{ cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . dtbftf clwsf/ / dtbfgsf] sfo{ljlwaf/] hgr]tgf hufpg lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ /]l8of]df / 6]lnlehg sfo{qmd tyf lj1fkgx¿ pTkfbg / k|;f/0f ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] . o;sf cltl/Qm kl/of]hgfn] dtbftf gfdfjnL btf{, cBfjlws / dtbftf kl/rokqsf] l8hfOgdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ;xof]unfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] .

lgjf{rg cfof]u / o'Pg8LkLåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] dtbftf lzIff cEof;df dtbfgsf] clwsf/ / k|lqmofaf/] l;Sb} :s"n] ljBfyL{x¿ .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] ;g\ @)!& df ! s/f]8 %) nfv of]Uo dtbftfnfO{ dtbfgdf ko{j]If0f ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u pknAw u/fof] .


o;/L lgjf{rg ;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] gofF ;+ljwfgn] kl/sNkgf u/] cg';f/sf] / Go"gtd cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u;lxt lgjf{rgsf] Pp6f rqm ;dfKt ub}{ ;g\ @)!& df :yfgLo, k|b]z / ;ª\3Lo txsf lgjf{rg ;kmntfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{ lgjf{rg cfof]usf] Ifdtf ljsf; ug{ u/]sf] of]ubfg pNn]Vo /Xof] . g]kfndf ;DkGg ljleGg txsf oL lgjf{rgn] /fi6«nfO{ ;fdflhs cfly{s ljsf;sf sfo{;"rLdf s]lGb|t x'g] cj;/ l;h{gf ul/lbPsf 5g\ .

;'wfl/Psf] :yfgLo zf;g Joj:yf

:yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf; sfo{qmd bf];|f] r/0f -PnhL;L8LkL– bf];|f]_ ;'wfl/Psf] :yfgLo zf;g tyf ;fd'bflos ljsf;dfkm{t ul/aL Go"gLs/0fsf] cfˆgf]

p2]Zodf k|ltj4 5 . ;ª\3Lo dfldnf tyf :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfnoaf6 sfof{Gjog ePsf] of] kl/of]hgfdf P8LaL, 8LPkmcfO{8L, P;8L;L, gj]{, 8]gdfs{, o'Pg8LkL, o'lg;]km, o'PgPkmkLP, o'Pg j'dg / o'PgeLn] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xfotf u/]sf 5g\ .

o; sfo{qmd cGtu{t gful/s / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ yk ;zQm agfpg ;g\ @)!& df :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf k|lqmofdf !@ nfv dflg;x¿ kl/rfng ul/Psf lyP / sfo{qmdaf6 k|ToIf nfe kfpg]df $) k|ltzteGbf a9L :yfgLo txsf gj lgjf{lrt k|ltlglw lyP . u'gf;f] ;'g'jfO ;+oGqsf] :yfkgfdfkm{t tNnf] txk|lt hjfkmb]lxtf a9fpg] sfd ul/Psf] 5 / lhNnfx¿df cg'kfngsf] cg'udg qmdzM !)) k|ltzt / &^ k|ltzt 5 . :yfgLo ;/sf/sf w]/} PsfOx¿n] cl3Nnf] jif{sf] & k|ltztsf] t'ngfdf ;g\ @)!& df n}ª\lus ;+j]bgzLn ah]6df !* k|ltzt;Dd j[l4 u/]sf 5g\ . o;n] :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf k|lqmofdf n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf l;4fGtn] la:tf/} :yfg lnFb}5 eGg] b]vfpF5 .

&%# j6f gofF :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿nfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf Ifdtf ljsf; ;xof]u klg pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . &## k|zf;sLo clws[tx, &# :yfgLo ljsf; clwsf/Lx¿, !,)&@ lgjf{lrt k|d'v, pkk|d'v, cWoIf / pkfWoIfx¿n] sfo{ ;~rfngsf cfwf/e"t ljifodf tflnd lnPsf lyP . ;fy} ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg sfo{;~rfng, sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg, ;DklQ / ljQ tyf ;]jfsf] cj;/ / cGo ultljlw;DaGwL sfg'gL k|f¿k tof/ kf/]/ :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿sf] ;+:yfut Ifdtf klg ;'b[9 ul/Psf] lyof] .

cGo pNn]vgLo pknlAwx¿df :yfgLo ;/sf/ ;~rfng P]g, @)&$ / 5 j6f ;+j}wflgs cfof]ux¿;DaGwL P]g nfu' x'g'sf ;fy} #) j6feGbf a9L gd'gf sfg'gx¿sf] lgdf{0f /x]sf 5g\ . ax'pkof]uL gS;f, n]vf;DaGwL ;ˆ6j]o/, df]afOn PK; / :yfgLo ;/sf/sf j]a;fO6 h:tf gjLg ;fwgx¿sf] ljsf; / pkof]uaf6 ;"rgf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t sfo{Ifdtf lj:tf/df klg ;xof]u ePsf] lyof] .

!@ nfv

Gfful/s / ;d'bfosf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf] nflu :yfgLo txsf] of]hgf k|lqmofdf

dflg;x? ;xefuL eP .

➦

s]bf/;'g ufpFkflnsfsf ;b:ox¿ :yfgLo ljsf; of]hgfaf/] 5nkmn ub}{ .

Pnlhl;l8kL ÷ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


sfg'gL ;'wf/ / lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;xfotf ;]jfdfkm{t Gofodf kx'“r

hf]lvddf k/]sf / ;LdfGts[t ;d"xx¿nfO{ nfe k'¥ofpg gLltut tyf ;+:yfut sfo{k|lqmof ;'wf/df o'Pg8LkLn] ;xof]u ug]{ sfdn] ;g\ @)!& df lg/Gt/tf kfof] . gj]{, lkmgNof08 / 8]gdfs{ ;/sf/n] cfly{s ;xof]u u/]sf] o'Pg8LkL, ;jf]{Rr cbfnt / sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfnosf] ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd g]kfndf ljlwsf] zf;g / dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f -cf/cf]PnPrcf/_ n] lhNnfx¿df ;fdflhs sfg'gL ;xfotf s]Gb|x¿ lj:tf/sf] sfd hf/L /fv]sf] 5 .

;g\ @)!& df o; sfo{qmdn] hgr]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfof]hgf / xhf/f}F dflg;nfO{ lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;]jf k|bfg ub}{ yk !) j6f ;fdflhs sfg'gL ;xfotf s]Gb|x¿ :yfkgf u¥of] . ;fdflhs sfg'gL

;xfotf s]Gb|x¿ / b]zel/sf lhNnf cbfntdf :yfkgf ul/Psf ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿af6 sl/a &%,))) dflg;x¿ -clwsf+z dlxnf_ n] lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;xfotf, k/fdz{ / ;"rgf k|fKt u/] . ljut rf/ jif{eGbf a9Lsf] cjlwdf o; sfo{qmdaf6 !%),))) hgf nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ .

of}ghGo tyf n}ª\lus lx+;fsf kLl8tdf sfg'gL ;xfotf vf]Hg cfTdljZjf; hufpg] sfddf klg ;fdflhs sfg'gL ;xfotf s]Gb|x¿sf] k|efj /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmddf ;e]{ ul/Psf ^(=# k|ltzt dflg;n] pgLx¿ sfg'gL ;xfotf lng OR5's /x]sf] atfP, of] ;g\ @)!% sf] @@=( k|ltzteGbf a9L xf] -o'Pg k;]{K;g ;e]{, @)!%_ .

of] sfo{qmdn] /fli6«o ljwflosL / ;+:yfut sfo{9fFrfdf klg pNn]vgLo ¿kdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . o;n] PsLs[t sfg'gL ;xfotf gLlt, ;fdfGo Gofo k|0ffnL If]q /0fgLlt, n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f /0fgLltsf ;fy} @# j6f d:of}bf ljw]ossf] dfgj clwsf/sf] b[li6sf]0faf6 ;dLIff ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . o; sfo{qmdn] cbfntsf clwsf/Lx¿÷d'2f rnfpg] clwsf/Lx¿sf nflu b]jfgL tyf kmf}hbf/L ck/fw ;+lxtfsf ;DaGwdf k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f tflndsf nflu kf7\oqmdsf] th'{df, Goflos ;ldltsf nflu k|of]ustf{ k'l:tsf / n}ª\lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f tflnd k'l:tsf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] . oL ;a}n] ;g\ @)!* df kl/dflh{t sfg'gx¿sf] sfof{Gjog x'Fbf ;xof]u ub{5g\ . o;sf cltl/Qm cf/cf]PnPrcf/n] ;g\ @)!& df gofF d'n'sL b]jfgL ;+lxtfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ kfFrjif]{ lj:t[t vr{ sfo{of]hgf klg tof/ kf/]sf] 5 .

sfg'gL If]qdf n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ yk an k|bfg ug{ o; sfo{qmdn] ;sf/fTds sfg'gL lzIff sfo{qmdsf nflu ;xof]u hf/L /fVof] . o;qmddf ut jif{ (* hgf o'jf sfg'g Joj;foLnfO{ ;+/IfsTj / 5fqj[lQ;lxt k|lzIffyL{sf] cj;/ h'6fOlbof], tLdWo] ^) k|ltzt dlxnf lyP . of]

l;Gw'kfNrf]sl:yt lhNnf cbfnt . o'Pg8LkLn] of] cbfnt nufot cGo y'k|} 7fpFdf ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf u/]/ cbfntdf cfpg]x¿nfO{ ;"rgf k|bfg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

nIfdLk|;fb ªfv';L ÷ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

&%,)))dflg;x¿ -clwsf+z dlxnf_ n] lgMz'Ns sfg'gL ;xfotf, k/fdz{ / ;"rgf k|fKt u/] .

;fdflhs sfg'gL ;xfotf s]Gb|x¿ / b]ze/sf lhNnf cbfntdf :yfkgf ul/Psf ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿af6 sl/a


sfo{qmdn] /fli6«o dlxnf cfof]u / blnt cfof]unfO{ klg cfjZostf klxrfg d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/fof] .

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|lqmofdf kLl8tsf] cFjfh d'vl/t ug{ ;xof]u

;g\ @))& df ;/sf/ / tTsfnLg ;z:q ljkIfLaLr lj:t[t zflGt ;Demf}tfdf x:tfIf/ ePkl5 g]kfndf ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofosf] k|lqmof z'¿ ePsf] xf] . ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo k|lqmofdf åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf] cfjfh g;'lgg] gxf];\ eGgsf nflu o'Pg8LkLn] åGåkLl8t ;femf rf}tf/LnfO{ p;sf ;b:ox¿sf] Ifdtf / g]t[Tjsf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4 u/fpg / pgLx¿sf dfu, vf;u/L gLltut lg0f{o / To;kl5sf k|lqmofdf klg /fVg ;Ifd agfpg ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLsf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo kl/of]hgf -6Lh]kL_ n] åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf nflu b]zJofkL ¿kdf z[ª\vnfa4 sfo{zfnf / tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf s'n @&* hgf -!$% dlxnf ;d]t_ nfO{ ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo / To;sf] k|lqmof;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg kIfdf tflnd k|bfg ul/of] . o;aLrdf åGåkLl8t kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿aLr cfkm"cfkm"df tyf ;fdflhs hfu/0f km}nfpg, n}ª\lustf, lkt[;Qf, zlQm / g]t[Tj h:tf d'Vo d'Vo ljifo j:t'af/] ljj]rgfTds Ifdtf a9fpg / cfkm\gf] wf/0ff tyf cg'ej :ki6 / k|efjsf/L ?kdf /fVg ;Ifd agfpg g]t[Tj ljsf; tflndsf] klg cfof]hgf ul/of] .

;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo kl/of]hgfsf] ;xof]un] ;xeflutfd"ns k|lqmofaf6 rf}tf/Lsf] tLg jif]{ /0fgLlt -;g\ @)!*–@)@)_ th'{df ug{ ;xof]u lj:tf/ u/]sf]

lyof] . /0fgLltdf pgLx¿sf clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ;'lglZrt ug{ åGå k|efljt dlxnf, åGå;Fu ;DalGwt of}ghGo lx+;fsf pQ/hLjL / ;LdfGts[t ;d"xx¿sf ljrf/ ;d]6\g ljleGg lhNnfdf sfo{zfnfx¿sf] klg cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

;+;bLo Ifdtf clej[l4

@)&@ df g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePotf ;+:yfut ;'wf/, sfg'g lgdf{0f, ;+;bLo lgu/fgL / afXo kx'Frsf If]qdf ;+;bLo Ifdtf ;zQm agfpg tyf ;+;bLo ultljlwdf dlxnf / ;LdfGtLs/0fdf k/]sf ;d"xx¿sf] ;xeflutfsf] cj;/ l;h{gf ug{ ;+;b\ ;xof]u kl/of]hgf -kLP;kL_ k|lta4 5 . ;g\ @)!& df ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgfsf tLgj6} txsf] lgjf{rg eP;Fu} gofF ;+;b\af6 clxn];Dd gePsf w]/} 7"nf sfd k|ltkfbg x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

o; cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;g\ @)!& df ;+;b\

åGåkLl8t ;femf d~rsf] tLg jif]{ /0fgLlt th'{df ug]{ qmddf ljrf/ ljdz{ ug{ ;'v]{tdf cfof]lht sfo{zfnfdf åGå k|efljt ;xefuLx¿ .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLsf] ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo kl/of]hgfn] åGåkLl8t

kl/jf/sf] g]t[Tjdf /x]sf / c¿ ;d]t u/L

@&*hgf nfeflGjt x'g] u/L ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo / To;sf] k|lqmofaf/]sf

z[ª\vnfa4 sfo{zfnf / tflndsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .


;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] sfg'g lgdf{0fsf] sfddf !! j6f ljw]osx¿ -s]xL ;+j}wflgs cfof]u;Fu ;DalGwt;d]t_ df lj1x¿sf] /fo pknAw u/fP/ tyf /fli6«o / k|b]z txx¿df hgk/fdz{ cfof]hgf ug{ ;xof]u u/]/ ;+;bLo ;ldltx?sf] sfd sf/afxLnfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] . ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 k|fKt ;'emfjn] ;ldltx¿nfO{ cfˆgf 5nkmn ;3g ¿kdf ;zQm agfpg / ;';"lrt lg0f{o lng ;xof]u u¥of] . To;}u/L, kl/of]hgfn] k|b]z ;ef :yfkgf ug{sf nflu /0fgLlts of]hgfsf] vfsf tof/ ug{ / gofF ;f+;bx¿sf nflu cled'vLs/0f;DaGwL ljleGg ;fdu|L tof/ kfg]{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] .

;/sf/sf ultljlw / hjfkmb]lxtfdf ;+;bLo ;ldltx¿n] ug]{ lgu/fgL sfo{df Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{' ;g\ @)!& df ;+;b\ ;xof]u kl/of]hgfsf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ lyof] . o; ;Gbe{df ul/Psf d'Vo sfo{df ljZjJofkL 1fg tyf cEof;x¿ ;d]l6Psf ;fdu|L -hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf nufgLaf/] ;fdu|L, lbuf] ljsf; nIo / ;+;bLo lgu/fgL, ;/sf/L vr{ lgu/fgL ;fdu|L / ljw]os ;dLIff ug]{ ;fdu|L / c¿ klg_ tof/ kfg'{ / h]n Joj:yfkg, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, eG;f/ ;'wf/ / ljwflosL v'nfkgsf ;DaGwdf ;+;bLo lgu/fgLnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' /x]sf 5g\ .

;+;b\df lbuf] ljsf;sf nIox¿sf] k|j4{g ug{ klg ;+;b\ ;xof]u kl/of]hgf k|efjsf/L?kdf sfo{/t /Xof], h;sf] kmn:jk lbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf ;DaGwdf ;f+;bx¿sf] cgf}krfl/s d~rn] gofF lgu/fgL ;+oGq :yfkgfsf nflu

o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf ePsf] Ps sfo{qmddf g]kfndf dfgj clwsf/ ;+/If0f sfo{nfO{ ;'b[9 ug{ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]uaf6 hf/L ePsf l;kmfl/;af/] 5nkmn ub}{ ;f+;bx¿

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

;xdltsf] ax; rnfof] . To;}u/L, v'nf ;/sf/ ;fem]bf/L tyf ljwflosL v'nfkg;DaGwL gLltut 5nkmn rnfpg'sf ;fy} ;+;bLo sfdsf/afxLsf ;DaGwdf b]zel/ g} ægd'gf o'jf ;+;b\Æ sfo{qmddfkm{t xhf/f}F o'jfnfO{ lzlIft ug]{ sfddf klg kl/of]hgfn] kxn u¥of] . o; If]qdf ul/Psf cGo sfddf ;+;b\sf] j]a;fO6 kl/dfh{g ug{ / ;+;bLo sf/afxLnfO{ o'6\o'adf k|;f/0f ug{ tyf @)) eGbf a9L PkmPd /]l8of]x¿dfkm{t hgtf / ;f+;baLr k|ToIf ;+jfbnfO{ k|j4{g ug{ ;xof]u ug'{ /x]sf 5g\ . ;+;b\ ;xof]u kl/of]hgfn] ;+;bLo sfdsf/afxL -;+ljwfg;efsf] ;d]t_ sf] ljB'tLo clen]v /fVg] u/L ;+;b\sf] cfGtl/s k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfngdf klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

;fd'bflos ;b\efj k|j4{g

åGåsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf ;+jfb / ;xsfo{sf] ;+:s[lt k|j4{g ub}{ g]kfnsf] ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgfsf] ;xh ;ª\qmd0fdf b]znfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ o'Pg8LkLsf] ;fdflhs ;b\efj tyf nf]stflGqs ;xeflutf -P;;L8LkL_ sfo{qmd;g\ @)!& vf;u/L lgjf{rgdf x'g;Sg] tgfjnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ g]kfnel/ g} åGå rs]{sf 7fpFdf ;fdflhs ;b\efj, ;d'bfosf] ;'/Iff / nf]stflGqs cEof;df ;+nUgtfdf ;'wf/ ug{ b[9 /Xof] . lgjf{rgdf x'g;Sg] lx+;f /f]syfdsf] k|oTgdfkm{t P;;L8LkLn] :yfgLo lgsfo, k|b]z / ;ª\3Lo ;+;b\ u/L tLgj6} txsf lgjf{rgsf nflu zflGtk"0f{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{ sfd u¥of] .

To:tf] k|of; cGtu{t g]kfnsf !) lhNnfdf lx+;fsf] /f]syfd / zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rgsf] k|j4{g ug{ lhNnf tyf :yfgLo txsf cleofgsdL{x¿nfO{ ;+jfbdf ;+nUg u/fpg] sfd eof] . hf]lvdsf] klxrfg ug{ / /f]syfdsf pkfox? kQf nufpg P;;L8LkLsf] ljBdfg tyf :yfgLo ¿kdf th'{df ePsf gofF ;+oGqaf6 ax';/f]sf/jfnf ;d"x / o'jf;Fu z[ª\vnfa4 cGt/lqmof / k/fdz{x¿ ul/P .


;g\ @)!& df kl/of]hgfaf6 lgdf{0f ul/Psf rfln; j6f ;+oGqx¿, !$ j6f o'jf :jo+;]jL ;d"x÷;~hfnx¿, #) j6f ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿ / ;"rgfsf] xs ;~hfnx¿ %#,))) eGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ k|ToIf ¿kdf ;+nUg u/fpFb} %&# j6f k|oTgx¿dfkm{t ;fd'bflos ;b\efj, ;'/Iff / ;xeflutf a9fpg pkof]uL /x] .

P;;L8LkLn] dlxnf, o'jf / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿sf] lxtsf nflu hLljsf]kfh{g / cfocfh{gsf ;Lk, ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx¿sf] ;]jf / hjfkmb]lxtfdf kx'Fr / k|efjsf/L hf]lvd Joj:yfkg tyf hf]lvd /f]syfd k|0ffnLsf] k|j4{gdf nlIft u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿ / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+:yfx¿nfO{ @& j6f n3' k'FhLut cg'bfg klg pknAw u/fof] .

dfgj clwsf/df dfgj ;+zfwgsf] ;jnLs/0f

l:j; / 8]gdfs{ ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf ;~rflnt /0fgLlts of]hgf ;xof]u kl/of]hgf -P;kLP;kL_ /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;+:yfut tyf dfgjLo Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L] cfof]unfO{ ;+ljwfgåf/f k|bQ bfloTj k|efjsf/L ?kdf k"/f ug{ ;xof]u ug{ s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 .

tflndsf] cfjZostf klxrfgdf cfwfl/t /xL P;kLP;kLn] ;g\ @)!& df Ifdtf clej[l4;DaGwL ljleGg ultljlwx¿ cfof]usf st{Jojfxs sd{rf/Lsf nflu z[ª\vnfa4 ?kdf ;~rfng u¥of] . h;dWo] k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f, jo:s k|lzIf0f ljlw, cfwf/e"t dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL tflnd, k|ltj]bg n]vg, n]vf k|0ffnL tyf k|zf;lgs Joj:yfkg;DaGwL tflnd, ljlzli6s[t ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t k|jL0ftf txsf] k|lzIf0f, k|zf;lgs tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL :t/Lo -advanced_ k|lzIf0f, dfgj clwsf/ / dfgl;s :jf:Yo;DaGwL k|lzIfs k|lzIf0f / cfo'Qmx¿;Fusf] pRr:t/Lo ;+jfb nufotsf ultljlwx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o:tf ultljlwaf6 cfof]usf

zflGtk"0f{ dtbfgnfO{ k|]l/t ug{ o'Pg8LkLåf/f af/f lhNnfdf cfof]hgf ul/Psf] sfo{zfnfsf ;xefuLx¿ zflGtk"0f{ lgjf{rg k|j4{g ug{ lgjf{rgsf qmddf x'g;Sg] ;DefJo åGå / lx+;f /f]Sg] pkfoaf/] 5nkmn ub}{ .

P;;L8LkL ÷ o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➦

!!* hgf -%! hgf dlxnf ;lxt_ sd{rf/L k|ToIf ?kdf nfeflGjt eP eg] tflndkZrft\ sd{rf/Lx¿sf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf b]lvPsf] u'0ffTds kl/jt{gn] Ifdtf clej[l4;DaGwL ;xof]usf] ;sf/fTds / kl/0ffTds k|efj ;+s]t u/]sf] 5 .

o;}u/L, kl/of]hgfn] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] hg;Dks{ / cfdgful/ssf] ljZjf;;DaGwL] ;j]{If0f klg u/]sf] lyof] . ;fy} /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] hg;Dk{s, kx'Fr tyf ;fem]bf/L lj:tf/;DaGwL /0fgLlt th'{df ug{ klg kl/of]hgfn] cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] .

;ª\3Lo zf;g k|0ffnLdf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;+:yfut k'gM;+/rgfsf ;Defjgf / ljsNkx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fVb} kl/of]hgfn] o;;DaGwL yk cWoog u¥of] . pQm cWoogaf6 k|fKt l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df cfof]un] cfˆgf] gofF ;ª\u7gfTds ;+/rgfsf] vfsf tof/ u/]sf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf kl/of]hgfn]] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] clje]b / ljljwtf;DaGwL gLlt k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ klg cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . h;sf] kl/0ffd:j¿k cfof]un] clws[t txsf dlxnf sd{rf/Lx¿ cfof]usf If]qLo tyf pkIf]qLo sfof{nosf k|d'vsf] lhDd]jf/L lbPsf] 5 .


ljsf;sf nflu g]kfnL o'jfaf6 pmhf{sf] pef/ cfPsf]

5 . pgLx¿ lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo k|flKtsf nflu cfˆgf]

txaf6 g]t[Tj ub}{ cfjZos of]ubfg ug{ cu|;/ ePsf

5g\ . o'Pg8LkLsf] o'jf /0fgLltn] Wofg s]lGb|t u/]sf

tLgj6f d'Vo If]qx¿ cfly{s ;zQmLs/0f, gful/s

;+nUgtf / pTyfgzLntfnfO{ cfˆgf lgoldt

sfo{qmdx¿df ;dfof]hg ub}{ o'Pg8LkLn] ;g\ @)!& df

ljz]if sfo{qmd / ultljlwdfkm{t lbuf] ljsf; k|j4{g

ug{ o'jfnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] .

;g\ @)!& df o'jf ;d"xsf] ;+nUgtfdf lbuf] ljsf;sf

nIox¿sf] :yfgLos/0fsf nflu ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿

cfof]hgf u¥of] . ;a} k|b]z tyf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿df

lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿sf] :yfgLos/0f ug]{ p2]Zo cg'¿k

o'Pg8LkLn] ;g\ @)!& cu:6df g]kfn o'jf kl/ifb\;Fu

ælbuf] ljsf; nIo dxf]T;jÆdf ;xsfo{ u¥of] . ;g\

@)!* sf] cGTo;Dd afFsL rf/j6f k|b]zdf k'Ug] u/L of]

sfo{qmd ;g\ @)!& df tLgj6f k|b]zx¿df cfof]hgf

eP . o; sfo{qmdaf6 $) k|ltzt dlxnf;lxt @%)

o'jf k|ToIf ¿kdf ;xefuL eP .

nf]stflGqs k|lqmofdf o'jf ;+nUgtf a9fpg / lbuf]

ljsf;sf] nflu jsfnt ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] gd'gf o'jf

;+;b\ sfo{qmdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . o; cGtu{t @)

k|ltzt dlxnf, % k|ltzt blnt, !& k|ltzt hghflt,

!( k|ltzt dw]zL, !) k|ltzt n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs

cNk;ª\Vos ;d'bfo / @) k|ltzt ckfª\utf ePsf

o'jf /xg] u/L !,))) eGbf a9L o'jfnfO{ ;xefuL u/fpFb}

;ftj6} k|b]znfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L !! j6f To:tf sfo{qmdsf]

cfof]hgf ul/of] . o;sf nflu o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfn o'jf

;+:yf ;~hfn -cfof]g_ ;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/]sf] lyof] .

;xefuLx¿dWo] clwsf+z :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf dtbftf

tyf pDd]bjf/sf ?kdf ;xefuL klg eP . gd'gf

;+;b\df ;xefuLdWo]sf Ps o'jf cfˆgf] gu/kflnsfsf]

;b:odf lgjf{lrt ;d]t eP .

dfgl;s ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{g ug{, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf sf]zLz / /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usf] ;xsfo{df kl/of]hgfn] lj/f6gu/, kf]v/f, wgu9L, g]kfnu~h / hgsk'/df dfgl;s :jf:Yo / Dffgj clwsf/;DaGwL k|lzIf0f sfo{qmdx¿ ;kmntfk"j{s cfof]hgf u¥of] . oL k|lzIf0fn] g]kfnsf $* lhNnfsf !#( hgf -%^ dlxnf_ dfgj clwsf/ /Ifs, 8fS6/ / :jf:YosdL{x¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4 u/L dfgl;s :jf:Yo / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL 1fg k|bfg

ug'{sf ;fy} dfgl;s ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] dfgj clwsf/ k|jå{g, jsfnt / k}/jL ug{ k|lta4 dfgj ;+zfwgsf] j[l4 u¥of] . ;fy} sfo{qmdn] /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]u, gful/s ;dfh / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLrsf] ;~hfn / ;xsfo{ ;jnLs[t ub}{ dfgl;s ckfª\utf;DaGwL k[ys gLlt th'{df ug{] cfwf//]vf lgwf{/0f u/L gful/s ;dfh;Fusf] ;xsfo{df dfgl;s :jf:Yo / dfgj clwsf/;DaGwL yk gofF sfo{qmd th'{df ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu o'jfsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0f


lkmr/

Gofodf kx'“r/fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xn] e]befjdf k/]sf #) kl/jf/nfO{ Gofodf kx'Frsf nflu ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

em'df lassf] 3/df cfpg] lalQs} :yfgLo clwsf/Lx¿n] pgn] cfTdxTof u/]sf] lgisif{ lgsfn] . blnt kl/jf/sL em'dfsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] rflxF To;af6 cfkm"x?sf] cfzª\sfnfO{ pk]Iff ul/Psf] dx;'; u/] . em'dfsf] xTof ePsf] xf] / k|x/Ln] To;sf] 5fglag ug'{kb{5 eGg] pgLx¿sf] ljZjf; lyof], t/ pgLx¿n] /fli6«o blnt cfof]udf clkn gu/];Dd pgLx¿sf] cfjfhsf] ;'g'jfO ePg .

clknkl5 /fli6«o blnt cfof]usf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xsf cg';Gwfgstf{x¿ k7fOP . pgLx¿n] tL dlxnfdfly pgsf b'O{hgf l5d]sLaf6 cfqmd0f / xTof ePsf] k|df0f tTsfn h'6fP . cleo'Qmx¿nfO{ kqmfp u/L h]n k7fOof] .

g]kfndf blnt ;d'bfon] lzIffb]lv /f]huf/L;Dddf k|foM Jofks :t/sf] alxis/0fsf] ;fdgf ug'{kb{5 . t/ cGo /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ ;+:yfx¿sf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf ag]sf] /fli6«o blnt

;ldltn] pRr cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ u¥of] / GofofwLzn] ldhf/sf] kl/jf/sf] kIfdf km};nf ub}{ !) nfv ?k}ofF / Ifltk"lt{ lbg / cleo'QmnfO{ lu/ˆtf/ ug{ cfb]z lbP .

;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xn] e]befj;DaGwL o:t} csf]{ Ps d'2fdf klg Gofo lbnfpg ;xof]u u¥of] . eLdaxfb'/ kl/of/nfO{ vf]6fª lhNnfdf dfWolds ljBfno lzIfssf] ¿kdf v6fOPsf] lyof] t/ blnt ;d'bfosf ePs} sf/0f pgnfO{ sfd ug{ /f]lsof] . o; d'2fdf ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xsf] x:tIf]kn] eLdaxfb'/ cfkm\gf] lzIf0f k'gM ;;Ddfg z'¿ ug{ ;s] .

sfg'gL ;xfotf k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xdf ph'/L cfPkl5 sf]xL pRr cbftnlt/ hfG5g\, o:t} sfd sfe|]sf clht ldhf/sf] d'2fdf ePsf] lyof] . pgL d[t cj:yfdf km]nf k/]kl5 pgsf] kl/jf/n] pgsL >LdtLsf] kl/jf/af6 xTof ePsf] bfjL u/]sf] lyof] . ldhf/ blnt ;d'bfosf / pgL >LdtL tyfslyt pRr hfltsf lyP . ldhf/sf] zj k/LIf0f gu/L cGTo]li6 ul/Psf] lyof], t/ ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"x o;df ;+nUg ePkl5 zjsf] pTvgg u/L blnt ;d'bfo Gofodf kx'Frsf] vf]hLdf /x]sf kfPsf] lyof] . pRr:t/Lo a}7s cfof]hgf ul/P, cg';Gwfg

cfof]usf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xdfkm{t pQm ;d'bfon] Gofodf kx'Fr kfPsf] 5 .

;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xsf ;b:odWo]sL Ps tyf /fli6«o dfgj clwsf/ cfof]usL ;l/tf 1jfnLn] eGg'eof], æ;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xdfkm{t ePsf ;+o'Qm k|of; g]kfndf ljkGg tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf, vf;u/L ;fdflhs ¿kdf alxis/0fdf k/]sf dflg;x¿sf dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{gdf dxŒjk"0f{ ;fwg ag]sf 5g\ . dflg;x¿df cfTdljZjf; hufpg / sfg'gL ;|f]tdf kx'Fr lbg sfg'gL hgr]tgf tyf sfg'gL ;xfotf ;]jf dxŒjk"0f{ ag]sf 5g\ .Æ

g]kfnn] x:tfIf/ u/]sf dfgj clwsf/ ;lGwxk|ltsf] bfloTj / hftdf cfwfl/t e]befjsf ;DaGwdf xfn;fn} k|fKt u/]sf] ljZjJofkL cfjlws ;dLIffsf l;kmfl/;sf ;DaGwdf g]kfnsf] k|ltsfo{ :j¿k;+o'Qm cg'udg ;d"xn] dfgj clwsf/ xgg tyf hftdf cfwfl/t e]befjsf #! j6f 36gfsf kLl8tx¿nfO{

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


pTyfgzLntf k|j4{g

hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/af6 ;a}eGbf a9L hf]lvddf /x]sf ljZjsf b]zx¿dWo] g]kfn klg Ps xf] . o;afx]s g]kfn

e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] lx;fan] klg vt/fsf] ;"rLdf /x]sf] 5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\sf] hf]lvdnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ lj:t[t k"j{tof/L sfo{qmd cfjZos kb{5, h'g sfo{qmdn] -vf;u/L u|fdL0f ljkGg ;d'bfo_ nfO{ vt/fx¿sf] c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug{ / pgLx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4sf ;fy} kl/jlt{t jftfj/0fnfO{ cg's"ng ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . o; If]qdf o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]usf] d'Vo lx:;f ;d'bfo txsf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / Joj:yfkg, gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] k|j4{g / lj:tf/ tyf /fli6«o tyf :yfgLo txx¿df hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng ug]{ sfo{df s]lGb|t /x]sf] 5 . @)!%df g]kfndf uPsf] e"sDkkl5sf] k'gnf{e /

k'glg{df{0fsf] sfo{nfO{ @)!& df klg o'Pg8LkLn] lg/Gt/tf lbof] .

v)* 3


kB\dLdfof >]i7, ;'/lIft lgdf{0f k|j4{g ug{ o'Pg8LkLåf/f bf]nvfdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf gd'gf k|ljlw 3/sL Pshgf 3/d"nL .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


ljkb\sf] k"j{tof/LnfO{ ;+:yfut ul/“b}

;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLsf] k|fljlws ;xof]udf u[x dGqfnon] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;]GbfO{ sfo{of]hgf ;g\ @)!%–@)#) cg'¿k /fli6«o ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f gLlt / /0fgLlts of]hgf ;g\ @)!&–@)#) th'{df u/]/ pTyfgzLntf k|j4{gdf Pp6f sf];]9'ª\uf yk]sf] 5 . o; of]hgfn] g]kfnsf] ljkb\\ ;fdgfsf] k|of;nfO{ ;+:yfut ub{5 / k"j{tof/L tyf Ifdtf ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf bL3{sfnLg of]hgfsf nflu cfwf/ lgdf{0f ub{5 . o'Pg8LkLsf] a[xt\ ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg sfo{qmdn] klg ;/sf/nfO{ ;g\ @)!%–@)!& sf] cjlwsf ultljlwx¿ ;d]6]/ g]kfn ljkb\ k|ltj]bg -låjflif{s k|ltj]bg_ tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5, h'g k|ltj]bgn] ljkb\hGo Ifltsf] ;"Idb[li6 k|bfg ug'{sf ;fy} efjL of]hgfsf nflu cg'ej l;sfpF5 . /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u;Fusf] ;xsfo{df o'Pg8LkLn] ljkb\ hf]lvd

Go"gLs/0f– hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ng d"nk|jfxLs/0f lgb]{lzsf th'{df ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5, h;n] ;a} dGqfnox¿ nfO{ cfˆgf of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx¿df hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ lgb]{zg ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

o'/f]k]nL ;ª\3sf] dfgjLo ;xfotf ljefu -Osf]_ sf] ;xof]udf o'Pg8LkLn] ljz]if u/L e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf ;'/lIft lgdf{0f k|j4{g sfo{df s]lGb|t x'g] sfdnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df tLgj6f gu/kflnsfx¿ -l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf rf}tf/f / d]nDrL tyf sfe|]knfGrf]ssf] kfFrvfn_df 3/ lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lbg'cl3 of]hgf ul/Psf] ;+/rgf /fli6«o ejg ;+lxtf ljk/Lt eP gePsf] hfFr ug'{kg]{ sfo{nfO{ afWosf/L agfof] . ljleGg gu/kflnsfsf ;f7Lhgf OlGhlgo/÷pkOlGhlgo/x¿ tflnd k|fKt ePsf 5g\ / !,))) :yfgLo dflg;x¿ klg ;'/lIft lgdf{0f k4ltaf/] hfgsf/ ePsf 5g\ . d]nDrL / rf}tf/fdf #)) u/La kl/jf/sf 3/ agfpgsf nflu clGtd gS;f tof/ kfg{] sfo{df ;xof]usf nflu

pTyfgzLn lgdf{0f k|ljlw tyf ;'/lIft lgdf{0faf/] hgr]tgf hufpg] clek|fon] lgdf0f{ ul/Psf gd'gf k|ljlw 3/ cg'¿k bf]nvfsf] e"sDk k|efljt ufpFsf e"sDkkLl8tx¿ cfˆgf Ifltu|:t 3/x¿ k'glg{df{0f ub}{ .

nIdLk|;fb ªfv';L

➦


OlGhlgol/ªsf ljBfyL{x¿af6 :yfgLo:t/d} lgMz'Ns gS;f cleofg klg ;~rfng ePsf] 5 . efjL ljsf;nfO{ ;'/lIft agfpg rf}tf/f gu/kflnsfn] hf]lvd ;+j]bL e"pkof]u of]hgf th'{df ug'{sf ;fy} lgjdfjnLdf ;+zf]wg u/]sf] 5 .

l;Gw'kfNrf]s / bf]nvf lhNnfsf !) :yfgLo txdf ;zQm k'glg{df{0fsf] k|of;df /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . !) j6} :yfgLo ;/sf/sf nflu k'glg{df{0f sfo{of]hgf th'{df ul/Psf] 5 . ^)) eGbf a9L 8sdL{ / l;sdL{nfO{ tflnd lbOPsf] 5 eg] e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx¿df ^% j6f gd'gf k|ljlw 3/sf] lgdf{0f / 3'DtL k|fljlws lSnlgsx¿sf] cfof]hgfdfkm{t $) k|ltzt dlxnf;lxt @%,))) dflg;nfO{ pTyfgzLn / lskmfotL 3/ agfpg]af/] hfgsf/ u/fOPsf] 5 . To;}u/L, ^,))) eGbf a9L 3/ lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt ;d:of / lh1f;fx¿ ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u k'Ug] u/L lgMz'Ns 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf z'¿ ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] /fli6«o /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

8r kf]:6 8LPrPn;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf o'Pg8LkLn] lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn / g]kfnuGh ljdfg:yndf ljkb\kl5sf] tof/Lsf Jo:yfkg ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . @)&@ -;g\ @)!%_ sf] e"sDkn] pko'Qm :t/sf k"jf{wf/, k"j{tof/L / k|efjsf/L ;fdu|L;lxtsf] p4f/ sfo{n] hLjg /Iff ug]{ dfq geO{ cfly{s Iflt Go"gLs/0f ug{ klg ;xof]u ub{5 eGg] b]vfPsf] 5 .

h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0fdf ;d'bfo

jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdfkm{t ;d'bfosf] hLljsf]kfh{g ;'wf/df ;xof]u ug]{ k|lta4tf cg'¿k ljZj jftfj/0f sf]if ;fgf cg'bfg sfo{qmd -Unf]an OGefO/f]Gd]G6 ˆofl;ln6L :dn u|fG6 k|f]u|fd – hLOPkm P;hLkL_ dfkm{t ;g\ @)!& df

g]kfndf !! j6f gofF kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u ul/Psf] 5 . To:tf kl/of]hgfx¿df h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf e"–cksif{0f Go"gLs/0fb]lv lnP/ /;fog ;'/Iff tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;Ddsf 5g\ .

To:tf tLgj6f cfof]hgfx¿dWo] ;Nofg, slknj:t' / kfNkfsf tLgj6f l;d;f/ If]qsf] ;+/If0fdf ;d'bfonfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg] sfo{;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . oL k|fs[lts ;DklQsf] ;+/If0fsf cltl/Qm tL ;d'bfox¿n] kof{ko{6g -Osf]–6'l/Hd_ / df5fkfngdfkm{t cfˆgf] cfly{s ;Defjgf klg k|j4{g ul//x]sf 5g\ . cflbjff;L ;d'bfosf] ;+/lIft If]qnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ k|of; :j¿k hLO{Pkmsf] cfly{s ;xof]u /x]sf] csf]{ kl/of]hgfn] ;f]n'v'Da'df ljBdfg z]kf{ ;d'bfoaf6 hª\un tyf r/0f If]qdf ub}{ cPsf] cflbjf;L hghfltsf] k'/ftg Joj:yfkg cEof;gfjf k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

hldgsf] pa{/f zlQmdf cfPsf] x|f;df Wofg s]lGb|t ub}{ csf{ cg'bfg k|fKtstf{n] cuf{lgs v]tL / ;/sf/L tyf lghL s[lif jgsf] k|j4{gsf ;fy} hnjfo' cg's"n s[lif -:df6{ Plu|sNr/_ / le/fnf u/fdf le/fnf] s[lif k|0ffnLsf] yfngL u/]sf 5g\ . To:tf]df :yfgLo s[ifsn] df6f]sf] ;+/If0f dfq u/]sf 5}gg\, a¿ cuf{lgs pTkfbgaf6 /fd|f] cfDbfgL klg ul//x]sf 5g\ . o;}u/L, ;fgf cg'bfg sfo{qmdn] sf7df8f}+, pbok'/ / bfªdf :d[ltj[If cleofg -d[ts cfkmGt jf cGo cfkmGtsf] ;Demgfdf ?v /f]k]/ ;x/L kfs{ lgdf{0f_ nfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . tL If]qdf )=^ x]S6/ hldg 9fSg] u/L !,@(! j6f la¿jf /f]lkPsf 5g\ .

;g\ @)!& df klg ;fgf cg'bfg sfo{qmdaf6 cg'bfg kfpg] tLg ;+:yfx¿n]] ;+/If0fsf] If]qdf pTs[i6 sfd u/]afkt /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o k'/:sf/ k|fKt ug{ ;kmn ePsf 5g\ . ;fgf cg'bfg sfo{qmdaf6 cg'bfg kfPsf /fli6«o ljkb\ Go"gLs/0f s]Gb| g]kfn tyf jf0fuª\uf arfpn] ;+o'Qm ¿kdf #),))) cd]l/sL 8n/sf] ;f]n';g ;r{ M kmfld{ª afof]8fOel;{6L hH; rf]O; cjf8{ k|fKt

hLO{Pkm–P;hLkLn] ;g\ @)!& df g]kfndf h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / e"cksif{0f Go"gLs/0fb]lv lnP/ /;fog ;'/Iff tyf Ifdtf ljsf;;Ddsf !! j6f gofF kl/of]hgfnfO{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .


u/] . To;}u/L dlxnf, afnaflnsf / jftfj/0f ljsf; s]Gb|n] jftfj/0f ;+/If0f k'/:sf/, @)!& sf] k|yd k'/:sf/ k|fKt u¥of] .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g;“u h'Wgsf nflu ;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;Ifd agfO“b}

hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngdf ;xof]u ug{ 8LPkmcfO{8L, o'/f]k]nL ;+3sf] cfly{s tyf o'Pg8LkLsf] k|fljlws ;xfotf /x]sf] g]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;xof]u sfo{qmd -Pg;L;LP;kL_ n] ljut rf/ jif{df k|b]z %, ^ / & sf !$ j6f lhNnfdf !)) j6f :yfgLo cg's"ng sfo{of]hgfx¿sf] ;kmntfk"j{s sfof{Gjog u/]sf] 5 . oL sfo{of]hgfx¿ hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox¿nfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngdf ;xof]u ug{ ;/sf/sf kxnx¿ x'g\ .

oL sfo{of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjogdfkm{t clxn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf kg{ ;Sg] hf]lvdx¿ klxrfg u/L To;sf] lg/fs/0fsf nflu cg's"ngsf lqmofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ ;Ifd ePsf 5g\ . cfof]hgf cjlwel/ ^) k|ltzt dlxnf;lxt ^!%,))) hgf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf dflg;x¿ nfeflGjt ePsf lyP .

;g\ @)!& df l;FrfO s'nf], kf]v/L, jiff{sf] kfgL ;ª\sng ug]{ 6\ofª\sL / yf]kf l;FrfO k|0ffnL h:tf @$* j6f cg's"ngsf sfo{x¿ sfof{Gjogdf cfP . ltgLx¿af6 hnjfo'sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf !$ j6f lhNnfsf ^%,))) eGbf a9L hgtfx¿ nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . nfeflGjtdWo] sl/a b'O{ ltxfO hf]lvd / pRr hf]lvd ju{df /x]sf ;d"xsf lyP, / oL lqmofsnfkx¿df $% k|ltzt dlxnf ;xefuL lyP . o;sf cltl/Qm !$ lhNnf / (^ ufpF÷gu/kflnsf:t/Lo ;dGjo ;ldltx¿ ;+:yfut ul/Psf 5g\ / :yfgLo of]hgf k|lqmofdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d"nk|jfxLs/0fsf nflu jsfnt ug]{ sfd nufot hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;Ifd agfOPsf 5g\ .

ljleGg :yfgLo :t/df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf r'gf}tLx¿sf] klxrfg ug{ tyf ltgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf nflu @,@%) j6f ljleGg s[ofsnfkx¿dfkm{t #&,$)) hgtfnfO{ cled'vLs/0f ul/of] .

hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL k]l/; ;Dd]ng / hnjfo' kl/jt{g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo tyf cGo ;Dd]ngdf ;xefuL eO ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx¿n] cGt/f{li6«o hut\df cfof]hgfaf/] hfgsf/L u/fpg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿af/]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ljljw ljifodf g]t[Tj lng ;Sg] tyf jsfnt ug{ ;Sg] ;Lksf] ljsf; ePsf] kfOG5 .

u|fdL0f g]kfndf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ k|j4{g

g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vofsf] tLg rf}yfOdf ljB't\df kx'Fr k'u]sf] 5 eg], tLdWo] ^) k|ltzt hg;+Vofdf /fli6«o k|;f/0fnfOgaf6 ljB't\ k|fKt ub{] cfPsf 5g\ . xfn;Dd klg u|fdL0f If]qdf clwsf+z 3/kl/jf/n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ;|f]t{ -ckm lu|8_ df g} e/ kg'{ k/]sf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfnsf] blIf0fL t/fO{sf tLgj6f ;k{b+z pkrf/ s]Gbx¿df pmhf{sf nflu !=% lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf ;f]nf/ kLeL Aofsck l;:6d h8fgsf nflu j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|dfkm{t ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn

➥

@$*j6f cg's"ngsf

sfo{qmdx¿ ;DkGg eP .

;g\ @)!& df g]kfn hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;xof]u sfo{qmddfkm{t hnjfo',

pTyfgzLn k"jf{wf/, s[lif, kz'kfng tyf vfB ;'/Iff;Fu ;DalGwt


gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf >f]tdf kx'Fr a9fpg] p¢]Zon] o'Pg8LkL cGt{utsf]] hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd -cf/O{cf/Pn_÷j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb| -g]kfndf :jR5 pmhf{ k|j4{gsf nflu sfof{b]z k|fKt k|d'v lgsfo_ dfkm{t ^) lsnf]jf6 dflysf n3' hnljB't\, ;fgf hnljB't\, ldgL lu|8 / ;f}o{ kmf]6f]ef]lN6s -kLeL_ k|0ffnLx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug'{sf ;fy} :t/f]Gglt ug{ ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df cf/O{cf/Pnn] j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|nfO{ xfn} hf/L ePsf] :yfgLo ;/sf/df o; s]Gb|sf] ;+j}wflgs ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ;+/rgf tyf ;~rfng P]gnfO{ :ki6 ¿kdf kl/eflift ug{ ;xof]u u/sf] 5 . ;fy} gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf;df :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsf tyf lhDd]jf/L ;d]t kl/eflift ug{ ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

o;} jif{ cf/O{cf/Pnn] :yfgLo:t/df pmhf{ of]hgf th'{df ug{sf nflu ufpF tyf gu/ pmhf{ of]hgf th'{df ug{sf nflu sfo{ k4lt tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . o;sfo{df hLcfO{h]8sf] u|fdL0f If]qsf nflu gjLs/0fLo sfo{qmd;Fusf] ;xsfo{ /x]sf] 5 . PsLs[t ufpF tyf gu/ pmhf{ of]hgf th'{df ug{ gjul7t gu/kflnsfx¿;Fu lgs6sf /x]/ sfd ul//x]sf] 5 . To:tf of]hgf th'{df ug]{ ljlw ;g\ @)!& df d:of}bf ePsf] 5 / Pp6f ;x/L tyf Pp6f u|fdL0f gu/kflnsfdf k/LIf0fsf ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ePsf] 5 .

o; jif{sf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ sf];]9'ª\uf cf/O{cf/Pnsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xfof]udf @# lsnf]jf6sf] :ofp/]e"ld n3' hnljB't\ kl/of]hgf, g'jfsf]6 /fli6«o k|zf/0fnfOgdf h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L gjnk/f;Lsf] ! d]ufjf6sf] SoflK6e ;f}o{ KnfG6nfO{ klg /fli6«o k|zf/g nfO{gdf h8fg ul/Psf] 5 . o:tf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] ;kmntf;Fu} g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f tyf pTkfbsnfO{ cfk;L kmfObf k'¥ofpgdf ;xof]u ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;fy} o:tf kxnx¿n] cfufdL lbgx¿df c¿ ;fgf:t/sf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ /fli6«o k|;f/0fnfOgdf hf]8\g dfu{ k|z:t u/]sf] 5 . o:tf sfo{x¿n] gjLs/0fLo

pmhf{ k|0ffnL cfly{s ¿kdf lbuf] x'g]] 5,h;nfO{ :t/ j[l4 ug{ / k|f/lDes nufgLsf] art ub}{ b]ze/ h8fg ug{ ;lsG5 . xfn} cf/O{cf/Pnsf] k|fljlws ;xof]u tyf P8LaLsf] blIf0f Pl;of pkIf]qLo cfly{s ;xof]u -;f;]s_df !%$$ lsnfjf6 Ifdtfsf] ;fgf n3' hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] ?s'd / h'Dnf lhNnfsf b'O{j6f kl/of]hgfn] ;]o/, cg'bfg / jfl0fHo a}+sx¿af6 C0f;lxt ljQLo ;|f]t h'6fPsf 5g\ .

;g\ @)!& df cf/O{cf/Pnsf] Wofg k|d'v ¿kdf ;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDksf] /fxt / k'g:yf{kgf;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} ultljlw ;DkGg ug{ s]lGb|t lyof] . cfof]hgfn] @#) j6f ;+:yfut ;f]nf/ kLeL l;:6d h8fg u/L !*),$*^ 3/w'/L nfeflGjt ePsf 5g\ . ;fy} %^ n3' hnljB't\ KnfG6sf] k'gMlgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

cGo dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ cGt{ut ;g\ @)!& df k"jL{ g]kfnsf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf Aof/]sdf /x]sf tLgj6f ;k{b+z pkrf/ s]Gb|x¿df @=% lsnf]jf6sf] ;f]nf/ kLeL Aofsck l;:6d h8fg ulPsf] 5 . oL tLgj6} pkrf/ s]Gb|x¿n] x/]s jif{ hDdf $,%)) ;k{b+zsf la/fdLsf] pkrf/ ub{5g\ . o;sf] ;kmnftfsf] cfwf/df j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] ;g\ @)!* df @% j6f To:tf s]Gb|df klg ;xof]u ug]{ of]hgf /x]sf] 5 .

To;}u/L cf/O{cf/Pnn] dlxnf / ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfox¿nfO{ klg cfocfh{gsf sfo{ ug{ tyf ;fgf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ ljleGg tflndx¿ k|bfg ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . xfn;Dd o:tf sfo{ cGt{ut !,!)) eGbf a9L pBf]ux¿ :yfkgf u/L @,()) hgfnfO{ /f]huf/L pknAw u/fpg ;kmn ePsf] 5 . tLdWo] clwsf+z dlxnfsf] :jldTjdf 5g\ .

o'Pg8LkLsf] k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xof]udf @# lsnf]jf6sf] :ofp/]e"ld n3' hnljB't\ kl/of]hgf, g'jfsf]6 /fli6«o k|zf/0fnfOgdf hf]l8Psf] 5 . To;}u/L gjnk/f;Ldf /x]sf]] ! d]ufjf6sf] SoflK6e ;f}o{ KnfG6nfO{ klg /fli6«o k|zf/0fnfOgdf h8fg ul/Psf] 5 .


g]kfndf k'glg{df{0f / k'gnf{enfO{ cu|tf lb“b}

@)&@ -;g\ @)!%_ e"sDk / To;kl5 km]l/ @)&$ -;g\ @)!&_ sf] af9Laf6 g]kfnn] 7"nf] ;d:ofsf] ;fdgf ug'{k¥of] . oL ljkb\af6 k'gMp7\g cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm tL k|efljtx¿nfO{ nfvf}F 8n/sf] k'glg{df{0fsf k|oTgx¿;Fu ;+of]lht ;xof]usf] cfjZostf kb{5 . To;df o'Pg8LkLsf] ;dfj]zL / pTyfgzLn k'gnf{esf nflu ;an k'glg{df{0f -aLaLaL_ af6 ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . kl/of]hgfn] e"sDkkl5sf] k'gnf{esf nflu /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] g]t[Tjsf] / /fli6«o tyf k|b]z b'j} txdf af9L kl5sf] k'gnf{esf nflu /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf] g]t[Tjsf ljkb\kl5sf] k'gnf{e tyf k'glg{df{0fdf gLltut / ;+:yfut kIfx¿nfO{ cu|tf lbg of]ubfg lbPsf] 5 .

g]kfn ;/sf/n] 3/x¿sf] k'glg{df{0fsf nflu tLg ls:tfsf] nufgL k4lt to u/]sf] 5 . efljiodf cfpg ;Sg] e"sDk y]Ug ;Sg] u/L 3/x¿sf] k'glg{df{0f ePsf] ;'lglZrt ug{ /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fcGtu{t OlGhlgo/x¿n] lg/LIf0f ug'{ cfjZos 5 . To;df o'Pg8LkLn] k|fljlws / sfo{;~rfngut ;xfotf pknAw u/fof], h;n] k'glg{df{0fnfO{ tLj|tf lbg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df&# xhf/ 3/x¿ k'glg{df{0f eP / Ps nfv &$ xhf/ k'glg{df{0fsf] qmddf 5g\ . !$ j6f Hofb} k|efljt lhNnfdf /x]sf @& hgf lhNnf ;xfotf OlGhlgo/x¿n] ;x/L ljsf; tyf egj lgdf{0f ljefu, /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flw/0fsf OlGhlgo®x¿ / 3/wgLx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft 3/ agfpg cfjZos k/fdz{ lbP . To;n] 3/ lgdf{0fsf nflu k|bfg ul/g] cg'bfgsf] bf];|f] / t];|f] ls:tf lng] 3/wgLsf] ;ª\Vof pNn]Vo ¿kdf a9\of] . lhNnf ;xfotf OlGhlgo/x¿ v6fOPsf] 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwdf bf];|f] / t];|f] ls:tf lng]sf] To:tf] j[l4 qmdzM !!,@#^ -@ k|ltzt_ / *(@ -)=@ k|ltzt_ af6 (%,$@) -!^=@ k|ltzt_ / !&,)(@ -# k|ltzt_ ePsf] 5 .

t/fO{sf] af9Lkl5 5j6f af9L k|efljt lhNnfx¿df o'Pg8LkLsf] tTsfnLg p4f/ tyf cfkt\sfnLg ;xof]u ul/Psf] lyof] . n3' k'FhL cg'bfg -Pd;LhL_ dfkm{t u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf]

;xof]uaf6 $,))) 3/w'/L kz'sf] lgMz'Ns :jf:Yo ;]jf, !^,%)) 3/w'/L aLp / (,))) 3/w'/L #) j6f dxŒjk"0f{ ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/af6 nfeflGjt eP . s'n %),))) af9L k|efljt dflg;x¿nfO{ sfdsf nflu gub pknAw u/fOPsf] lyof] . n}ª\lus hjfkmb]xL sfof{Gjog ;'lglZrt ug{ $# dlxnf ;d"xx?nfO{ k|efljt ;d'bfox¿df kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

o;sf cltl/Qm kl/of]hgfn] /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u b'j}nfO{ k'gnf{e / k'glg{df{0fsf ;DaGwdf gLltut b:tfj]h th'{df ug{ klg ;xof]u ul//x]sf] 5 . o;df k'gnf{e, pTyfgzLntf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f Pj+ ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg's"ngnfO{ g]kfnsf] gofF ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfsf gu/ ljsf; of]hgfx¿df PsLs/0f ug{] lgb]{lzsfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{Ù /fli6«o k'lg{df{0f k|flws/0fdf dfgj ;+zfwgsf] cefj ljZn]if0f ug{]Ù / ljZj a}+ssf] ;xof]udf af9Lkl5sf] k'gnf{esf] cfjZostf d"Nofª\sg k|ltj]bg k|sfzg / ;fj{hlgs ug{] s'/f kb{5g\ .

xl/t hnjfo' sf]ifdf kx'“rsf nflu g]kfnnfO{ ;xof]u

;g\ @)!& df hd{g ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xof]udf o'Pg8LkLn] xl/t hnjfo' sf]ifaf6 x'g] nufgLdf k|efjsf/L / bIftfk"0f{ kx'Fr, Joj:yfkg / cg'udgsf nflu cy{ dGqfno / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] Ifdtf ;'b[9Ls/0fdf ;xof]u u¥of] . o; k|lqmofdf o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf cy{ dGqfnon] g]kfnsf nflu xl/t hnjfo' sf]if xft]k'l:tsf k|sfzg u/]sf] 5, cfˆgf ;DalGwt sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 / dGqfnodf xl/t hnjfo' sf]ifaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;|f]tsf] d"Nofª\sg / Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . xl/t hnjfo' sf]ifdf k|:t't ug{sf nflu g]kfnn] xfn;Dd rf/j6f kl/of]hgfx¿sf] klxrfg u/L ;xdlt hgfPsf] 5 / /fli6«o ;+:yfx¿sf] yk Ifdtf ;'b[9 kfg{ * nfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] a]Un} xl/t hnjfo' cg'bfg k|fKt u/]sf] 5 .


lkmr/

sd vr{df alnof] 3/o'Pg8LkL g]kfnåf/f k|:t't ul/Psf] gofF 3/sf] gd'gfn] e"sDkaf6 3/ u'dfPsfnfO{ s]jn 3/ dfq pknAw u/fPsf] 5}g, cem} ;'/lIft k'glg{df{0fsf] cEof;af/] hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ klg ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .

@)&@ -;g\ @)!%_ sf] e"sDksf] !* dlxgfeGbf w]/}kl5 lskmfotL 3/sf] gd'gfn]] k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofnfO{ ult lbFb} g]kfnsf ufpF ufpFdf nf]slk|otf sdfpFb}5 . To; gd'gfn] 3/wgLx¿nfO{ Hofb} lrGtfdf kf/]sf b'O{j6f d'Vo ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ub{5 M e"sDkk|lt/f]wL 3/ agfpFbf w]/} vr{ nfUg] / df]6/ af6f]n] ghf]l8Psf kxf8L b'u{d If]qdf dxFuf / ef/L lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] 9'jfgLdf cfOkg]{ ;d:of .

o'/f]k]nL ;ª\3sf] dfgjLo ;xfotf dGqfno -Osf]_ sf] cfly{s ;xof]usf o'Pg8LkLaf6 yfngL ul/Psf] tyf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 cg'df]bg ePsf] 3/sf] gofF gd'gfdf kmnfd] 58, l;d]G6 jf lu§Lsf] cfjZostf kb}{g . 9'ª\uf, df6f] / sf7 h:tf :yfgLo lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k|of]u u/]/ ? $ nfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] lskmfotL tyf e"sDkk|lt/f]wL 3/ agfpg ;S5 .

o:tf 3/af/] 3/wgLx¿nfO{ k|fljlws hfgsf/L lbg o'Pg8LkLn] æcfjf; lgdf{0f ;fyLx¿Æ k|jflet ufpF+x¿df

b'nfn eGg'x'G5, æ3/sf] of] gofF gd'gfn] o; If]qdf Hofb} /fd|f] k|efj kf/]sf] 5 . o;n] ufpFn]nfO{ lskmfotL /sd lgdf{0f ;fdu|Ldf ;'/lIft 3/ aGg] ljsNk lbPsf] 5 . tflndkl5 8sdL{ / OlGhlgo/x¿n]] 3/ agfpg yfn]kl5 xfdLn] lgdf{0fsf] If]qdf /x]sf] hgzlQmsf] cefjnfO{ klg ;Daf]wg ug{ ;S5f}F eGg]df d cfzfjfbL 5' .Æ

e/ kg{ ;S5g\ .Æbf]nvf / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf ^% eGbfa9L gd'gf 3/x¿ lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ .

tYofª\sn] s] b]vfpF5 eg] bf]nvfdf e"sDkn] sl/a *),))) 3/ eTsfof] t/ tLdWo] #) k|ltzt dfq k'g{lgdf{0f ePsf 5g\ . z}n'ª ufpFkflnsfsf gjlgjf{lrt cWoIf e/tk|;fb b'nfn eGg'x'G5 æ;/sf/n] 3/ agfpgsf nflu k|lt 3/w'/L ? # nfv cg'bfg lbG5 t/ Tof] æe"sDkk|lt/f]wL 3/ agfpg Hofb} g} yf]/} xf] .Æ 3/ agfPsf dflg;x¿ eG5g\ Pp6f ;fgf] 3/ agfpg sDtLdf b; nfv ¿k}ofF nfU5 .

kl/rfng u/]sf] 5 . æcfjf; lgdf{0f ;fyLx¿Æ;'/lIft lgdf{0f ljlwsf] tflnd k|fKt :yfgLo 8sdL{x¿ x'g\ .

æpgLx¿n] klxn] agfPsf 3/df s]xL q'l6 /x]sf] d}n] kfPF, To;}sf/0f clwsf+z ;+/rgf elTsPÆ, bf]nvfsf cfjf; lgdf{0f ;fyL t]haxfb'/ tfdfªn] eg] . æclxn] xfdL :yfgLo ¿kdf pknAw lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] k|of]u u/]/ alnof / lskmotL 3/ s;/L lgdf{0f ug]{ eGg]af/] :yfgLo 8sdL{nfO{ l;sfpF5f}F. d b'u{d ufpFdf hfG5' / lgdf{0f k|lqmofsf af/]df 3/wgL / 8sdL{nfO{ ;xof]u u5'{ . of] gd'gfn] o; If]qdf nf]slk|otf kfpFb}5 .Æ

bf]nvfdf sfo{If]q /x]sf sfo{qmdsf lg/LIfs OlGhlgo/ k|sfz hL;Lsf cg';f/ cfjf; lgdf{0f ;fyLx¿n] ;'/lIft lgdf{0fsf] k|j4{gdf of] gd'gf 3/ dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] k|dfl0ft u/]sf 5g\ . hL;L eGg'x'G5, æ;'/lIft lgdf{0fsf] dfu{bz{g ug]{ dflg; 3/wgLsf nflu ;fyL xf], h;df pgLx¿ pko'Qm ;Nnfxsf nflu

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f

tLg} txsf] lgjf{rg ;kmn ¿kdf ;DkGg ub}{, ;dfj]zL ;ª\3Lotf sfof{Gjog k|lqmofsf] z''?jft u/L, ;+ljwfg cGtu{t ;LdfGts[t tyf lje]bdf k/]sf ;d"xx¿sf] clwsf/

/Iff ug]{ ljleGg sfg'gx¿sf] th'{df u/]/ g]kfnn] dlxnf ;zlQms/0f / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fdf dxŒjk"0f{ pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] 5 .

;g\ @)!& sf] lgjf{rgdf o;cl3sf lgjf{rgdf eGbf lgs} w]/} :yfgdf dlxnf pDd]bjf/x¿ ljhoL eP . :yfgLo txdf lgjf{lrt kbflwsf/LdWo] $! k|ltzt dlxnf 5g\. dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf a9fpg o'Pg8LkLn] cfof]unfO{ dlxnf ;zlQms/0f / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f nufotsf If]qdf ;xof]u k|bfg u/]sf] lyof] . o'Pg8LkLs} n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd cGtu{tsf ;kmn n3'pBdLdWo] #(* hgf dlxnf pBdL :yfgLo txdf lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

n}ª\lus pQ/bfoL sfg'g tyf gLltx¿ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu ljleGg sfg'gx¿sf] d:of}bf, ;+zf]wg, / ;dLIff ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf] ¿kdf /x]sf] d'n'sL P]g / lgjf{rg, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf] clwsf/ tyf :yfgLo zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]osx¿ nufot !@ j6f sfg'gx¿ ;dLIff ul/Psf lyP . blnt, yf?, ;dfj]zLs/0f / dw];L cfof]unufot ;+j}wflgs cfof]u;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]osx¿sf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] lyof] . ljw]osx¿sf] ;dLIff ug{ o'Pg8LkLn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo n}ª\lus lj1 ;d"xdfkm{t cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿;Fu ;xhLs/0f u¥of] / n}ª\lus / ;dfj]zL b[li6sf]0faf6 d:of}bfdf ;'wf/ ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] .

v)* 4

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn jflif{s k|ltj]bg @)!& 37@)!& sf] lgjf{rgdf P]ltxfl;s ¿kdf $! k|ltzt :yfgLo txdf / #$ k|ltzt k|fb]lzs txdf dlxnfx¿ lgjf{lrt eP .



o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfndf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ug]{ ;xof]unfO{ cem ;'b[9 agfof] . ;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLn] cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ldn]/ ljsf;sf sfo{qmdx¿nfO{ g]kfndf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf cfjZostf, r'gf}tL / cj;/x¿;Fu tfnd]n ug{] sfd u¥of] . o; ;fem]bf/Ldfkm{t /fli6«o ckfª\u dxf;+3 g]kfn -PgPkm8LPg_ n] ckfª\utf ;dfj]zL lbuf] ljsf;sf nIo k|lqmof;DaGwL oyfl:ylt kq tof/ kf¥of], h;n] ckfª\utf;DaGwL ljifoj:t'nfO{ d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ dxŒjk"0f{ gLltut l;kmfl/; pknAw u/fof] .

cbfntsf ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf cbfntL sfo{ljlwaf/] ;/n / a'e\mg ;lsg] efiffdf hfgsf/L lbg] clek|fon] o'Pg8LkLn] a|]n lnlkdf k'l:tsf k|sfzgdf ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . ;g\ @)!& sf] lgjf{rgcl3 lgjf{rg ;xfotf kl/of]hgfdfkm{t o'Pg8kLn] ;':t >j0f zlQm ePsf dflg;x¿nfO{ lgjf{rgaf/] hfgsf/ agfpg gd'gf dtbfgsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] .

;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLn] cWoog cg';Gwfgdf yk hf]8 lbof] . o;qmddf sf7df8f}+ ljZjljBfno / ckfª\u cg';Gwfg s]Gb|;Fusf] ;xsfo{df b'O{j6f cWoognfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOof]– ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿sf nflu Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL phfu/ tyf ;]jf k|bfg / g]kfndf ;DklQdf dlxnfsf] :jfldTj / To;sf] c;/ . b'j} cWoogn] sfg'gx¿sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu gLlut tyf Jofjxfl/s kIfx¿ k|sfz kf/]sf 5g\ . b'j} cWoogsf lgisif{n] dlxnfsf] clwsf/ tyf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿n] ;fdgf ul//x]sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ;/sf/nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

o; k|ltj]bgdfkm{t k|sfz kfl/Psf o'Pg8LkLsf ;a} kl/of]hgfx¿ n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f -hLO{P;cfO{_ sf tTjx¿;lxt ;'b[9 ul/Psf lyP . lghfdtL ;]jfb]lv Gofokflnsf;Ddsf nflu n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f /0fgLlt th'{df ug{ o'Pg8LkLaf6 ePsf] ;xfotfn] sfo{:ynsf] ljljwtf, of}ghGo lx+;f cGTosf nflu ;'b[9 k|0ffnL / kx'Fr of]Uotf a9fpg pGd'v u/fpF5 . n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs

;dfj]zLs/0fsf ljleGg ljifj:t'n] GofofwLzx¿, ;/sf/L jlsn, k|x/L, Gofo ;]jf tyf cbfntsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] 1fg / ;Lk k|j4{g u/]sf 5g\ . cem To;eGbf a9L lzIff dGqfnosf] Joj:yfkg ;"rgf k|0ffnL cGtu{t k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos lzIff/ tflnd gLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg k|lqmofdf tyf n}ª\lus, hft / hftLotf tyf ckfª\utf cflbsf cfwf/df tYofª\s ljZn]if0f ubf{ n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fnfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .

Psn dlxnf ;d]t dlxnfdf, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmdf, n}ª\lus tyf of}lgs cNk;ª\Vosdf tyf j[4j[4fdf c;dfg'kflts k|efj;fy ljkb\n] x/]s dfG5]df a]Unfa]Un} tl/sfn] c;/ ub{5 . To;}n] o'Pg8LkLn] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf hf]lvdsf] d"Nofª\sg tyf cg's"ngnfO{ :yfgLo txsf of]hgfdf ;dflxt ug{ @* hgf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx¿ / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿nfO{ tflnd k|bfg u¥of] . of] ;xof]u n}ª\lus ljZn]if0f ug{ / dlxnf tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d"xsf ljz]if cfjZostfsf] d"Nofª\sg ug{sf ltgLx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ k|bfg ul/Psf] lyof] . hf]lvd / ;ª\s6fkGgtfsf] d"Nofª\sgdf n}ª\lus ljZn]if0f ljlw tyf ;fwg Pjd\ s[lif If]qdf cg's"ng of]hgfn] ;/sf/sf cg's"ng sfo{x¿df n}ª\lus d"nk|jfxLs/0f ug{ Jofks of]ubfg lbg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

dlxnf / hf]lvddf /x]sf dflg;x¿, vf; u/L u|fdL0f If]qsfn] sfg'gL hfgsf/Ldf /fd|f] kx'Fr kfPsf 5g\ . @# lhNnf cbfntdf /x]sf ;"rgf s]Gb|x¿dfkm{t /fd|f] kx'Fraf6 !*,&&) dlxnfn] /fd|f] kmfObf lnPsf 5g\ . Gofokflnsfdf ;LdfGts[t ;d"xx¿sf] ljZjf; a9fpg ;g\ @)!& df u/La tyf hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfox¿sf nflu sfg'gL k|lzIffyL{ tyf 5fqj[lQ pknAw u/fOof] / lg/Gt/tf lbOof] . ;g\ @)!& df !)) eGbf a9L sfg'g Joj;foL tyf ljBfyL{n] k|lzIffyL{sf ¿kdf sfd / 5fqj[lQ kfP . o;eGbf a9L, ;fdflhs sfg'gL ;xfotf s]Gb|x¿n] of}ghGo tyf lnª\udf cfwfl/t lx+;fsf kLl8tx¿;dIf k'Ug] dxŒjk"0f{ d~rsf ¿kdf ;]jf k|bfg ul//x]sf 5g\ . ;g\ @)!& df sl/a !%* d'2f btf{ ePsf 5g\, of] cl3Nnf] jif{eGbf !#=& k|ltztn] a9L xf] .

o'Pg8LkLsf ;a} kl/of]hgfx¿df n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf ljifox¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf x'G5g\ .


lkmr/

gof“ e"ldsf, gof“ lhDd]jf/L

@)!& sf] lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL dlxnfsf] ;xeflutf P]ltxfl;s /x\of]] . :yfgLo txdf $! k|ltzt / k|b]z txdf $# k|ltzt dlxnf pDd]bjf/ ljhoL eP . lg0f{o k|lqmofsf] txdf dlxnfx¿sf] o; k|ltlglwTj pNn]vgLo xf] .

æddf g]t[Tj Ifdtf /x]5, Tof] dnfO{ yfxf lyPg, lgjf{rg cfof]u g]kfn / lgjf{rg ;xof]u sfo{qmdåf/f cfof]hgf ul/Psf] cled'vLs/0f ;qaf6 dfq d}n] of] s'/f a'em]F / d]/f] ;DefjgfnfO{ ckgfPF .Æ Ko'7fg gu/kflnsfdf j8f ;b:odf ¿kdf lgjf{lrt ljGb' kl/of/ eGg'x'G5 .

lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{sf nflu gful/ssf] ;xof]u h'6fpg o'Pg8LkLsf] lgjf{rg ;xof]u sfo{qmdsf] ;xof]udf lgjf{rg cfof]u, g]kfnn] hgr]tgf cleofg ;~rfng u¥of] . tLgj6} txsf lgjf{rgsf] qmddf dlxnfsf] ;zlQms/0f / ;xeflutfdf ljz]if Wofg lbOPsf] lyof] . %@,))) eGbf a9L / ljz]if u/L ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfosf dlxnfn] g]t[Tj ljsf; / gful/s ;xeflutf;DaGwL tflnd lnP . o;af6 sl/a $,))) dlxnf :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf pDd]bjf/L lbg ;Ifd eP, ltgLx¿dWo] !,)))

T;fxg ul/Psf] lyof] .

g]kfnsf nflu o'Pg8LkLsf /fli6«o lgb]{zs /]gf] d]o/n] ælbuf] ljsf;sf nIosf] p2]Zo sf]xL klg k5fl8 g5f8f}+ eGg] xf] h;df ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ klg kb{5g\, h;nfO{ dtbfg ug{sf nflu ;xof]u rflxG5 / To;}dfkm{t pgLx¿n] cfˆgf] gful/s st{Jo lgjf{x ug{;S5g\ . o; sfo{sf nflu o'Pg8LkLn] cfjZos ;xof]u u/]sf] lyof] .Æ

;':t >j0f tyf b[li6ljxLg dtbftfx¿n] cfkm"x¿ zf/Ll/s cj:yfsf sf/0f dtbfg ug{ ;Ifd x'g g;Sg] eGg] lrGtf x6fpFb} dtbfgsf] cg'ej ug{ ;s"g\ eg]/ pgLx¿nfO{ ljz]if nlIft u/L o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf lgjf{rg;DaGwL 1fg;lxt gd'gf dtbfgsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] .

lgjf{lrt nIdL kl/of/n] atfpg'eof] . d]8]ksf] ;xfotfn] l;nfOs6fO k;n vf]Ng'ePsL kl/of/n] Joj;fodf ;kmntf xfl;n ug'{eof] / cfˆgf] ;d'bfosf] g]t[Tj ug]{ Ifdtf cfkm"df /x]sf] kfpg'eof] / To;nuTt} sfe]|sf] hgk|ltlglwdf ;d]t lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] .

d]8]ksf w]/} ;xefuLx¿ ljhoL ePsf 5g\, :yfgLo ;/sf/sf PsfOx¿df #*( hgf lgjf{lrtdWo] &% k|ltzt dlxnf / $) k|ltzt ;d'bfosf /x]sf 5g\ . @) hgf dlxnf pkk|d'vdf / #^ hgf j8f cWoIfdf lgjf{lrt ePsf 5g\ .

lgjf{rgx¿ ;dfj]zLs/0fsf k|df0fsf ¿kdf klg /x] . ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿nfO{ dtbfg s]Gb|;Dd kx'Fr ;'lglZrt ul/sf] lyof] / dtbfgsf nflu k|f]

hgf lgjf{lrt eP .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo n}+ª\lus lj1 ;d"xsf] ;xcWoIfsf ¿kdf /x]sf] o'Pg8LkLn] lgjf{rg cfof]u g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjdf :yfgLo zf;g Joj:yfdf dlxnfsf] g]t[Tj / k|ltlglwTj a9fpg /fli6«o ;Dd]ng klg cfof]hg u¥of] h;df %)) dlxnfx¿ ;xefuL eP .

o:tf] cleofgn] ljleGg kbdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTj a9fpg] gofF ;+ljwfg / sfg'gL k|fjwfg tof/ ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] . olt w]/} 7"nf] ;ª\Vofdf dlxnf pDd]bjf/ ag]sf] / ljhoL ePsf] klxnf]kN6 xf] . sfg'gL Joj:yf, clwsf/, lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf/] 1fgsf] cefj / cGo kIfx¿n] /fhgLltdf dlxnf k|ltlglwTjnfO{ nfdf] ;dob]lv cj/f]w u/]sf] lyof] .

o'Pg8LkLsf] n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_ n] dlxnfx¿nfO{ yk pmhf{ k|bfg u¥of] .

æclnslt d]x]gt ubf{ d}n] d]/f] hLjg kl/jt{g ug{ ;S5' eg] d d]/f] ;d'bfodf cfjZostfdf /x]sf dflg;sf] hLjg klg abNg ;S5' eGg]] s'/f d}n] yfxf kfPF .Æsfe|]df hgk|lgltlwsf ¿kdf

o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


gjLg vf]h

a[xt\ tYofª\s cfO{8f6f kl/of]hgf -iData

project_ n] zx/L of]hgfsf/ tyf

;d'bfox¿nfO{ ;lDdl>t tYofª\s

/ Jojxf/ lj1fgn] e"sDkaf6

pTyfgzLn a;f]af; of]hgf /

3/x¿df nufgL ug{ s;/L

k|f]T;flxt ub{5 eGg] b]vfpg] nIo

lnPsf] 5 . of] cfof]hgfn] @)&@

sf] e"sDkaf6 ePsf] Ifltsf]

k|s[ltsf ;fy} dflg;sf] ;fdflhs

;f+:s[lts cfr/0fsf] cGtb[{li6

k|fKt ug{ #! lhNnfsf Ifltu|:t

!) nfv 3/af6 ;ª\slnt ldl>t

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pkof]uL ;|f]t /x]sf] 5 .

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hLOPkm P;hLkL_ / u|fdL0f k|ljlw

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kfgL tfGg] kDk -Zero-energy

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n}ª\lus ;dfgtf n}ª\lus e"ldsfaf/] hgr]tgf

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c+u|]hL b}lgs sf7df8f}+ kf]i6;Fusf]

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u/]sf] 5 .

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o'Pg8LkL nufot ljleGg ;fem]bf/x?sf] ;xsfo{df /f]af]l6S; Pzf]l;P;gåf/f cfof]lht oGq /f]af]l6S; k|ltof]lutfsf cj;/df /f]af]6 km'6an k|ltof]lutfdf ;xefuL x'+b} o'jfx? . nIdL k|;fb ªfv';L ÷o'Pg8LkL g]kfn


o'Pg8LkLsf lkmN8 clkm; ;g\ @)!& l8;]Da/;Dd

wgu9L:yfgLo, k|b]z / ;ª\3Lo lgjf{rgx?df dlxnf ;xeflutf a9fpg o'Pg8LkLsf] lgjf{rg ;xfof]u kl/of]hgf -O{P;kL_ sf] g]t[Tjdf / lgjf{rg cfof]usf :yfgLo sfof{nox¿sf] ;+of]hgdf o'Pg8LkLsf] wgu9Ll:yt :yfgLo sfof{non] s}nfnL, 88]Nw'/f / a}t8L lhNnfdf dtbftf lzIff cleofg / dlxnf g]t[Tj tflndsf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . oL sfo{qmddfkm{t em08} *,))) dlxnf ;dIf k'luPsf] lyof] . k|b]z ^ / & df o'Pg8LkLn] ;~rfng u/]sf kl/of]hgfx¿sf] cg'udgsf cltl/Qm o; sfof{non] P]ltxfl;s ?kdf ;LdfGtLs/0fdf kfl/Psf ;fdflhs ;d"xx¿nfO{ ;kmn pBdL agfpg !%% hgfnfO{ ;xof]u klg u¥of] .

g]kfnu~h;g\ @)!& df g]kfnu~h :yfgLo sfof{no d'Vo ¿kdf :yfgLo kl/of]hgfx¿sf] cg'udgdf s]lGb|t /Xof] . ;xhLs/0f u/]/ ;Dej eP;Dd cfof]hgfx¿sf lqmofsnfksf] PsLs/0f / cg'ejsf] cfbfgk|bfgdf ;xhLs/0f ub}{ cfof]hgfx¿sf lardf tfnd]n Nofpg klg o; sfof{non] ;xof]u u¥of] . b'O{j6f k|d'v kl/of]hgfx¿ g]kfn hnjfo' ;xfotf sfo{qmd -Pg;L;LkL_ / n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -PdO{8LO{kL_ sf ^) eGbf a9L :yfgLo sd{rf/L;Fu cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg / n}ª\lus ;dfgtf tyf ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fsf tflnd tyf cled'vLs/0fdf xft]dfnf] ul/Psf] lyof] . o'Pg8LkLsf] ljlwsf] zf;g / dfgj clwsf/ kl/of]hgf klg n}ª\lustf / lnª\udf cfwfl/t lxF;fsf ;DaGwdf n3' pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -PdO{8LO{kL_ sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ tflnd lbg ;+nUg /Xof] .


rf}tf/f;g\ @)!% sf] e"sDkaf6 Hofb} k|efljt lhNnfx¿dWo] Ps l;Gw'kfNrf]ssf] rf}tf/fdf cjl:yt :yfgLo sfof{non] e"sDk k|efljt If]qdf lhNnf:t/Lo k'glg{df{0fsf] ;+of]hg / sfof{Gjogdf :yfgLo ;/sf/ / /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf lhNnf sfof{nox¿nfO{ ;xof]u u¥of] . o; sfof{non] ljleGg kl/of]hgfx¿dfkm{t ;fd'bflos k"jf{wf/ / hLljsf]kfh{g k'g:yf{kgf, ljkb\ hf]lvd Joj:yfkg, n3' pBd ljsf; / pTyfgzLn k'glg{df{0f nufotdf ;/sf/ / k|efljt dflg;nfO{ clt cfjZos k|fljlw / cfly{s ;xfotfsf] k|aGw ug{ ;xhLs/0f u¥of] . ;g\ @)!& df sfof{nosf] 6f]nLn] e"sDkaf6 clt k|efljt gf} j6f lhNnfx¿df sfof{Gjogdf /x]sf o'Pg8LkLsf cfwf bh{g kl/of]hgfx¿nfO{ ;d]6\g] u/L @# j6f cg'udg e|d0f klg u¥of] .

lj/f6gu/;g\ @)!& df lj/f6gu/ :yfgLo sfof{non] k|b]z @ / # sf] t/fO{ If]qdf af9Lkl5sf] /fxt / k'g:yf{kgfsf k|of;x¿sf] ;+of]hgdf k|d'v e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] . o; sfof{non] af9L k|efljt ;d'bfox¿sf tTsfnLg / dWosfnLg cfjZostfx¿sf] klxrfg / k|ltsfo{ ug{ g]kfnsf nlfu o'Pg8LkLsf] /fli6«o sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ / :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿ -lhNnf, ufpF÷gu/kflnsf / j8f tx;d]t_ aLr ;+of]hgsf] sfd u¥of] . :yfgLo sfof{nosf] ;+of]hgdf o'Pg8LkL t/fO{sf] af9L k|efljt ;ft j6f lhNnfsf #!,))) eGbf a9L kl/jf/nfO{ dxŒjk"0f{ k'g:yf{kgf ;xfotf k|bfg ug{ ;Ifd ePsf] lyof] .

o'Pg8LkL s]lGb«o sfof{no

* k|b]zsf s]Gb|x¿df o'Pg8LkLsf] :yfgLo pkl:ylt /xg] u/L o'Pg8LkLsf sfof{nox¿sf] k'gld{nfg ug]{ of]hgf cg'¿k ;g\ @)!& sf] cGTodf of] sfof{no aGb÷:yfgfGt/0f ul/Psf] lyof] .


cg';Gwfg / k|sfzg @)!&

g]kfnsf nflu /fli6«o sfo{qmd -;g\ @)!*–@)@@_ ;g\ @)!*–@)@@ sf] cjlwsf nflu gofF sfof{qmdsf] sfo{9fFrf g]kfn ;/sf/ / cGo /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ljsf; ;fem]bf/ / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] /fi6«JofkL lj:t[t k/fdz{df th'{df ul/Psf] lyof] . g]kfnsf nflu /fli6«o sfo{qmdn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf tLg j6f d'Vo sfo{If]qx¿df o'Pg8LkLsf] of]ubfgsf] ¿k/]vf to u/]sf] 5 . tL tLg j6f sfo{If]qx¿df !_ ;dfj]zL cfly{s j[l4, @_ ljlwsf] zf;g / ;ª\qmd0fsfnLg Gofo nufot zf;g Joj:yfdf ;'b[9Ls/0f / #_ hnjfo' cg's"ng / jftfj/0fLo pTyfgzLntf clej[l4 kb{5g\ .

cbfnt / Goflos sfo{ljlwaf/] a|]n lnlkdf hfgsf/L k'l:tsfcfddflg;nfO{ cbfntL sfo{ljlw / cbfntsf ;]jfu|fxLx¿sf nflu cGo ;DalGwt ultljlwsf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg] clek|fon] ;/n / a'e\mg ;lsg] efiffdf tof/ kfl/Psf] o; k'l:tsfn] g]kfndf cbfntL k|0ffnLsf af/]df af/Daf/ ;f]lwg] k|Zgx¿sf] hjfkm lbg] hdsf]{ u/]sf] 5 . o; k'l:tsfnfO{ o"Pg8LkLsf] g]kfndf ljlwsf] zf;g / dfgj clwsf/ k|j4{g -cf/cf]PnPrcf/_ kl/of]hgf / Goflos cfof]udf kx'Fråf/f a|]n lnlkdf klg pknAw u/fOPsf] 5 .

g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;xfotf sfo{of]hgf -;g\ @)!*–@)@@_g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;xfotf sfo{of]hgf ;g\ @)!*–@)@@ n] g]kfnn] cfly{s, ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ cfufdL kfFr jif{sf nflu to u/]sf ljsf;sf] sfo{;"rLsf to u/] cg'¿k To;df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;fem]bf/L ;xof]usf] :j¿k lgwf{/0f ub{5 . o; g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ;xfotf gofF sfo{of]hgfsf] s]Gb|df lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿, g]kfn ;/sf/sf] rf}wf}F of]hgf / g]kfn kIf/fi6« /x]sf cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf / dfGotfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ .

lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿sf] cj:yf / dfu{lrq -;g\ @)!^ – @)#)_;g\ @)!& sf P]ltxfl;s lgjf{rg;Fu} g]kfnn] gofF ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog yfn]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] of] gofF o'u lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{ ljZj ;d'bfosf] pRr cfsfª\Iff Ps;fy cufl8 a9]sf] 5 . o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xof]udf /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaf6 k|sflzt of] k|ltj]bgn] g]kfnsf] ljsf;sf] cj:yf / ;g\ @)#) sf nflu kl/of]hgfx¿sf] dfu{lrq k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . o;n] lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿ xfl;n ug{sf nflu g]kfnn] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ d'Vo ljifoj:t' / r'gf}tLx¿nfO{ phfu/ u/]sf] 5 .

oxfF pNn]lvt ljj/0fdf k"0f{¿kdf ;a} ;dfj]z ePsf 5}gg\ . yk ljj/0fsf nflu www.np.unpdp.org cGtu{t cg';Gwfg / k|sfzgdf lSns ug'{xf]nf .


g]kfnsf] gful/s hnjfo' ah]6 k'l:tsfo; k'l:tsfn] ;g\ @)!#÷!$ otf g]kfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ ljlgof]hg ePsf] ah]6sf] ¿k/]vf / To;sf] k|efjaf/] hfgsf/L pknAw u/fpF5 . ;fy}, of] hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf g]kfnsf] hf]lvdtf tyf o;sf] ;fdgf ug{ g]kfnn] rfn]sf sbdaf/] of] ;|f]t k'l:tsf aGg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .

n}ª\lus cNk;+Vos / :jf:Yog]kfn ;/sf/ / o'Pg8LkLsf] ;xsfo{df sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/df PrcfOeL tyf ;dlnª\uL k'¿if / ;dlnª\uL k'¿ifaLr / t];|f] lnª\uLx¿aLr of}g;Dks{ cflwsf/sf] If]qdf ;+rfng ePsf cfwfl/t sfo{qmdsf] ;dLIff ul/Psf] lyof] . o; ;dLIffn] sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/sf] PrcfO{eL / w]/} hf]lvddf /x]sf dflg;x¿sf] clwsf/af/] ul/Psf sfdsf] d"Nofª\sg u/]sf] 5 .

@)&@ sf] e"sDk ;fdgf ubf{sf kf7 / l;sfOo'Pg8LkLsf] k|fljlws ;xfotfdf u[x dGqfnoaf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] of] k|ltj]bgdf ljkb\sf ljleGg cfofdx¿sf] lj:t[t ljZn]if0f /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f÷Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;du| zf;g Joj:yf, ;+:yfut ;+oGqx¿, ;|f]t kl/rfng, Ifdtf, ;+of]hg, ;xeflutf / k"j{tof/Ldf s;/L ;'wf/ ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] s'/fsf] ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5 .

hnjfo' nufgL zAbfjnLhnjfo' nufgLsf] If]qdf cfd ¿kdf k|rngfdf cfpg] zAb / zAbfjnLdf :ki6tf Nofpg hd{g ;ª\3Lo ;/sf/sf] jftfj/0f, k|s[lt ;+/If0f, ejg / cf0fljs ;'/Iff dGqfnosf] cfly{s ;xof]u / o"Pg8LkL / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo jftfj/0f sfo{qmd -o"PgO{kL_ sf] k|fljws ;xfotfdf cy{ dGqfnon] of] zAbfjnL k|sfzg u/]sf] xf] .

;fdflhs ;b\efjsf kxnx¿;d'bfodf ;fdflhs ;b\efjsf pbfx/0fLo k|oTgx¿nfO{ phfu/ ul/Psf ;fdu|Lsf] ;ª\u|x /x]sf] o; k|sfzgdf o'Pg8LkLsf] ;fdflhs ;b\efj / nf]stflGqs ;xeflutf sfo{qmd -P;;L8LkL_ af6 :yfgLo txsf gful/s ;dfh ;+:yfx¿nfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] n3' cg'bfg ;xfotfaf6 k|fKt cg'ej / l;s]sf kf7 ;dfj]z 5g\ .

lbuf] ljsf; nIo sfof{Gjogdf ;+;b\sf] e"ldsf -g]kfnLdf_e|i6frf/lj¿4 ;f+;b\x¿sf] ljZjJofkL ;+:yf, o'Pg8LkL / O:nflds ljsf; a}+såf/f tof/ kfl/Psf] o; xft] k'l:tsf ;f+;bx¿ / ;+;b\sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] qmddf k|efjsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{ ;xof]uL x'g ;Sg] u/L ;xh ¿kdf pkof]u ug{ ;lsg] ;|f]t k'l:tsfsf ?kdf l8hfOg ul/Psf] 5 . o'Pg8LkL g]kfnn] o; k'l:tsfnfO{ g]kfnLdf cg'jfb u/]sf] xf] .

lbuf] ljsf; nIodf n}ª\lustf / ckfª\utfn}ª\lus ;dfgtf / dlxnf ;zQmLs/0f xfl;n ug]{ sfo{df tLj|tf lbg lbuf] ljsf; nIon] agfPsf pkfox¿ s] s] x'g\< lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿n] ckfª\utf ePsf ;a} dflg;x¿sf] dfgj clwsf/sf] /Iff / k|j4{g s;/L ug]{ nIo /fVb5g\ < oL kf]:6/x¿n] n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ckfª\utf;DaGwL d'2fx¿ jf:tjd} s;/L cGt/;DalGwt 5g\ / x/]s lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿df oL s;/L ;+of]lht 5g\ eGg] s'/f bzf{pF5g\ .

af9Lkl5sf] k'gnf{esf] cfjZostf d"Nofª\sg;g\ @)!& sf] dg;'gL af9Ln] g]kfnsf] t/fO{df ljWj+z dRrfof] . af9Laf6 !* lhNnfx¿df hgwgsf] 7"nf] Iflt k'Uof] . af9Lkl5sf] k'gnf{esf] cfjZostf d"Nofª\sgn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fusf] ;xsfo{df g]kfn ;/sf/n] ug]{ dxŒjfsf+IfL nIo k|flKtsf] dfu{lrq k|:t't ub{5 .


;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]js sfo{qmd

;ª\Vofdf :jod;]jsx¿ k7fpg] ;+:yf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]js sfo{qmdsf ;fy :jo+;]jfjfbsf] dxŒjk"0f{ / eljio ljifos ;Dd]ngsf] cfof]hgf u/]/o; jif{ sf7df8f}+df cGt/f{li6«o :j;+;]jf lbj; dgfOof] . o'PgeL g]kfn


;/sf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f k|lqmofdf o'jf ;xfotf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] ;+o'Qm sfo{qmd -o'Pg8LkL, o'PgPkmkLP, o'Pg j'dg, o'lg;]km_ sf] lx:;fsf ¿kdf k|fb]lzs zf;g Joj:yf kl/of]hgfdf o'PgeLn] g]kfnsf ;ftj6} k|b]zdf u/]/ !! hgf /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]js dfkm{t ;xfotfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbof] . ltgLx¿n] ;/sf/sf lj:t[t sfd sf/afxLsf] ljB'tLo clen]v /fVg] / ;ª\3Lotfdf ;ª\qmd0fsf] Pp6f lx:;fsf ¿kdf :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿sf ;"rgf k|ljlw k"jf{wf/nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ sfd u/]sf lyP . o; ;xfotfn] ;/sf/sf lgosfx¿nfO{ cem a9L k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|bfg ug{ / ;d'bfodf c¿ lgs6 k'¥ofpg zf;g Joj:yfsf k|lqmofx¿nfO{ ljB'tLo agfpg'kg]{ dfhf]8 lbG5 .

k'glg{df{0fdf :jo+;]jsx¿sf] ;xeflutf o'Pg8LkL / /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fsf] ;xsfo{n] k|fs[lts ljkb\af6 k|efljt lhNnfx¿df k'gnf{edf ;xof]u ug{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jsx¿ egf{ ug{]tkm{ pGd'v u/fof] .

;g\ @)!& h'nfO{df g]kfnsf] t/fO{df cfPsf] af9Laf6 Hofb} k|efljt ;ft lhNnfdf k'gnf{e k|flKtsf] sfddf ;+of]hg ug{ ;ft hgf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jsx¿ v6fOPsf lyP .

e"sDk k|efljt lhNnfx¿df k'glg{df{0fn] tLj|tf kfP;Fu} /fli6«o k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0fn] dfgj ;+zfwg ;'ljwfsf] :yfkgf u¥of], h;sf nflu k'g:yf{kgf / k'glg{df{0fnfO{ ;~rfng ug{

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jf -o'PgeL_ sfo{qmdn] ;g\ !(&$ b]lv g]kfndf :jo+;]jfjfbdfkm{t zflGt / ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . ;g\ @)!& df o'PgeL g]kfnn] o'Pg8LkL, o'PgPkmkLP, o'PgPr;Lcf/, o'Pg j'dg,cfO{cf]Pd, o'PgP8\;\, 8ANo'PkmkL / cfjf;Lo ;+of]hssf] sfof{no -cf/cf];L_ nufotsf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿dfkm{t &) hgfeGbf a9L :jo+;]js kl/rfng u¥of] .

;g\ @)!& df o'PgeLn] o'Pg8LkL;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fdf vf;u/L k'gnf{e / k'glg{df{0f k|lqmofdf o'jf kl/rfngdf cfˆgf] k|oTg s]lGb|t u¥of] . ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jsx¿ o'Pg8LkLsf] k|b]z zf;g Joj:yf ;xfotf, k|zf;gdf ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlwnfO{ ;lDd>0f u/fpg] sfo{df ;xof]uL ePsf 5g\ .

;/f]sf/jfnfx¿aLr k|efjsf/L ;Dks{sf s]lGb|t x'Fb} cf7hgf ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jsx¿n] :yfgLo ;/sf/sf clwsf/Lx¿ / sf7df8f}+sf] s]Gb| ;/sf/nfO{ k|fljlws ;xfotf pknAw u/fP .

;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo :jo+;]jssf] cfjfh M ;'bz{g l3ld/], o'Pg8LkL eUgfjz]if Joj:yfkg kl/of]hgf

æ:jo+;]jfjfbsf] jf:tljs cy{ cfkm";Fu ePsf] lrh dflg;x¿nfO{ lbg' dfq xf]Og, a¿ pgLx¿af6 s]xL s'/f l;Sg' xf], / ef}lts ;fdu|L xf]Og, a¿ cd"No cg'ej, hLjgsf kf7, Voflt / tkfO{Fn] lgs6 eP/ sfd u/]sfx¿af6 :g]x k|fKt ug'{ xf] . d}n] o:tf] 7fpFdf sfd u/]F hxfF x/]s JolQmn] c¿sf] k'ghL{jgdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf 5g\ . d}n] :jo+;]jfjfbsf] cg'ej u/]sf] 5' / b]v]sf] 5' – To;sf] k'/:sf/sf] cg'dfg ug{ sl7g x'G5 t/ pgLx¿nfO{ pk]Iff ug{ ;lsFb}g .

ljz]ifu/L g]kfn h:tf] hnjfo'sf] hf]lvddf /x]sf] b]zdf k|fs[lts ljkb\ cjZo+efjL x'G5 . xfdLn] ljkb\nfO{ /f]Sg g;s] klg xfdL xfd|f xft ljkb\ k|efljt eP/ dfly p7\gsf nflu ;ª\3if{ ul//x]sfsf] xft ;dfTg lbg ;S5f}F . xfd|f] ;fgf] k|of;n] c¿sf] hLjgdf 7"nf] c;/ kfg{ ;S5 . xfdL ldn]/ of] ljZjnfO{ cem /fd|f] agfpg ;S5f}F .Æ


o'Pg8LkL g]kfn / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnL

dlxnfdflysf lx+;flj¿4sf] cGt/f{li6«o lbj; ;g\ @)!& gf]e]Da/ @% sf cj;/df ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3, g]kfnn] n'lDagLl:yt dfofb]jL dlGb/nfO{ k|tLsfTds ¿kdf ;'Gtnf /ªdf k|sfzdo agfof] . nIdLk|;fb ªfv';L


g]kfndf ;a} ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿nfO{ lgb]{lzt ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; ;xfotf sfo{of]hgf -o'Pg8LPPkm ;g\ @)!#–@)!&_ ;dfKt eof] . gofF o'Pg8LPPkm th'{df ug{ ;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLn] b'O{j6f k|fylds If]q -ljlwsf] zf;g tyf Gofo, / pTyfgzLn ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f / hnjfo' kl/jt{g_ sf nflu k|fljlws ;d"xsf] g]t[Tj u¥of] .

o'Pg8LkLsf] xsdf o;sf] kfFrjif]{ g]kfn sfo{qmd klg ;dfKt eof] / gofF sfo{qmd g]kfn ;/sf/ / o'Pg8LkLsf] sfo{sfl/0fL af]8{af6 kfl/t ePsf] 5 . of] ;g\ @)!*–@)@@ g]kfn sfo{qmd /fli6«o k|fyldstf cg'¿k 5 / o;n] k|d'v ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ck]Iff k"/f ub{5 . o; sfo{qmdn] o'Pg8LPPkm ;g\ @)!*–@)@@ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf vf; glthfsf If]qdf of]ubfg k'¥ofpF5 / Ph]G8f @)#) / lbuf] ljsf; nIo cg'¿k ldnfOPsf] 5 .

o'Pg8LkLn] ;g\ @)!& df jif{el/ g} lbuf] ljsf; nIodf ;~rf/ tyf n}ª\lus sfo{ ;d"xdf g]t[Tj ug]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfob]lv dlxnflj¿4sf lx+;f cGTo ug]{ !^ lbg] cleofg / ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 lbj;sf cj;/df sf7df8f}+sf :yfgLo kfs{x¿sf] ;/;kmfO h:tf ljleGg cleofgsf]

o; jif{ o'Pg8LkLn] cfˆgf k"j{ k|zf;s x]n]g Snfs{sf] ljbfO u¥of] / clsd :6]Og/nfO{ gofF g]tfsf ¿kdf :jfut u¥of] . g]t[Tjdf ePsf] of] kl/jt{gn] klg o'Pg8LkLsf] sfo{lbzfdf sl/a gofF kl/jt{g NofPsf] 5 . of] /0fgLltn] ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] lbuf] ljsf;sf] kfv'/Lsf ¿kdf o; Ph]G;LnfO{ ;'b[9 u/]sf] 5 .

;+of]hg ub}{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;an e"ldsf lgjf{x u¥of] .

lbuf] ljsf; nIox¿nfO{ cu|tf lbg ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo cGo lgsfox¿;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ klg cfof]hgf ul/P . sf7df8f}+ Dof/fygdf lbuf] ljsf;sf nIonfO{ d'Vo ljifo agfpg o'Pg8LkLn] ;+of]hg sfo{sf] g]t[Tj u¥of] . o'PgPr;Lcf/ / cfO{Pncf] nufotsf cGo ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo lgsfox¿sf ;fy o; sfo{qmdn] lbuf] ljsf;sf nIodf v]ns'bn] dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ s'/f phfu/ eof] . dlxnf / k'¿if, lszf]/ / lszf]/L tyf ckfª\utf ePsf JolQmx¿ nufot %)) eGbf a9L Dof/fygdf ;xefuL eP . o;df lXjnr]o/ v]nf8Lsf nflu bf}8 k|ltof]lutf klg ;dfj]z lyof] .

o'Pg8LkL / g]kfnsf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo 6f]nLn] sf7dfG8' kf]:6 / sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf lbuf] ljsf; nIoaf/] ;fKtflxs n]v z[ª\vnf k|sflzt u/fP . cleg]qL dlgiff sf]O/fnf / km];g l8hfOg/ k|jn u'?ª nufotsf ljleGg If]qsf JolQmTjx¿af6 n]lvPsf n]vn] ;a} !& j6f nIox¿nfO{ g]kfnL ;Gbe{df k|:6 kf/]sf 5g\ .

UNDSS


o'Pg8LkL g]kfnn] ;g\ @)!& df cfkm\gf] sf]if, låkIfLo Pj+ ax'kIfLo ;fem]bf/ tyf cGo lgsfoaf6 k|fKt s'n #) s/f]8 !% nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ vr{ u/L ljleGg kl/of]hgf ;kmn 9ª\un] sfof{Gjog u¥of] . o; jif{ o'Pg8LkLåf/f ;g\ @)!& sf nflu :jLs[t ah]6sf] (% k|ltzteGbf a9L vr{ ePsf] lyof] .

s'n /sdsf]] @$ k|ltzt cfˆgf] d'Vo sf]if tyf afFsL &^ k|ltzt låkIfLo, ax'kIfLo / cGo ;fem]bf/ lgsfoaf6 kl/rfng ul/Psf] lyof] .

k|fKt /sddWo] em08} $@ k|ltzt ;'zf;g / sfg'gL zf;gdf nufgL ul/Psf] lyof] eg] #) k|ltzt ul/aL lgjf/0f / /f]huf/L l;h{gfdf / @* k|ltzt pmhf{, jftfj/0f, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / ljkb\ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f kl/of]hgfsf nflu vr{ ePsf] lyof] . ;g\ @)!& df o'Pg8LkLsf] s'n vr{sf] *) k|ltzteGbf a9Ln] k|ToIf jf s'g} g s'g} ¿kaf6 n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fdf of]ubfg k'¥ofPsf] 5 .

;g\ @)!& df g]kfn ;/sf/n] o'Pg8LkL;Fusf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;~rflnt kl/of]hgfdf cfˆg} ;|f]taf6 !# nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ of]ubfg u/]sf] lyof] .

cfly{s ;xof]u / ;fem]bf/L

;g\ @)!& df vr{bftf cd]l/sL 8n/df k|ltzt

o'Pg8LkL d"n sf]if &,!!#,!@% @$Üc:6«]lnof $,*&),$&! !^ÜlkmgNof08 #,)*#,)%! !)Ügj]{ @,*&(,!$$ !)Üo'/f]k]nL ;ª\3 @,#$#,%!& *Ü;+o'Qm clw/fHo !,(@@,$)^ ^ÜrLg !,^#@,(*) %Ü8]gdfs{ !,$$*,)^@ %Üg]kfn !,@&!,%$^ $ÜhLO{Pkm *%#,@^) #Ül:j6h/Nof08 ^##,#)( @Üo'PgO{kL %@%,$)# @Üo'Pgcf];LPrP $$^,#@# !ÜcGo bftfx¿ @^(,%%& !ÜcfO{Pd;L @$$,*)! !ÜPdkL6LPkm @@%,#$! !Üo'lg;]km @@$,&&# !Üu0ftGq sf]l/of !)#,^%( )Ühfkfg ^#,!#^ )ÜhDdf #),!%#,*^$ !))=))∞


ljifut cfwf/df vr{ k|b]zut vr n}ª\lus ;dfgtf / ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0fdf

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LEGEND

%= n}ª\lus ;dfgtf ^= :jR5 kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO &= :jR5 phf{df ;xh kx'r *= dof{lbt /f]huf/ tyf cfly{s j[l4

!)= c;dfgtf Go"gLs/0f !!= lbuf] zx/ / ;d'bfox¿ !#= hnjfo' kl/jt{gdf tTsfn kxn !$= hnd'lgsf] h}ljs ljljlwtfsf] ;+/If0f

!%= hldgdflysf] h}ljs ljljlwtfsf] ;+/If0f !^= zflGt, Gofo / ;zQm lgsfox¿ !&= nIo k|flKtsf nflu ;fem]bf/L

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LEGEND

PSP

ROLHR

* SKILLS, EDFC, ESP, GCF Readiness, SNPMC and REDD+ are based in Kathmandu

SPSP

MEDEP

CILRP

CDRMP

RERL

NCCSP

CFGORRP

SCDP

LSCR

Debris

BBB

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PHOTO NEEDED

o'Pg8LkLn] g]kfn ;/sf/ / cGo Ph]G;Lx?;+u ;xsfo{ u/L kf]v/fsf] km]jftfndf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ Go"gLs/0fsf] k|of; :j?k ljleGg sfo{x? ub}{ cfPsf] 5 .

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© ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3Lo ljsf; sfo{qmd -o'Pg8LkL_;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 ejg, k'Nrf]s, nlntk'/kf]:6 aS; M !)&, sf7df8f}+, g]kfnkmf]g M -(&&–!_ %%@#@))ˆofS; M -(&&–!_ %%@#((!÷%%@#(*^

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l8hfOg tyf 5kfO k|lqmof M lb :Sjfo/ l8hfOg sDo'lgs];g k|f= ln= Hjfun, s'kG8f]n, nlntk'/, g]kfn kmf]g ±(&& ! %@^) (^#÷%%#! )^# [email protected]

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