Ứng dụng enzyme trong sản xuất rượu bia
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MnCng ngh enzyme
GVGD: Th.s H Th Ngn H Lp: DH11TP
TRNG I HC AN GIANG Khoa Nng Nghip Ti Nguyn Thin Nhin
B mn: Cng ngh thc phm
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Tng quan v enzyme
Mt s enzyme
Cc yu t nh hng n enzyme
Quy trnh sn xut ru
Quy trnh sn xut bia
Ni dung
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Tng quan v enzyme
Protein Tham gia xc tccc phn ng ha
hc trong v ngoic th
S dng enzyme trongsn xut ru bia
-amylase amylase
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Enzymetrong sn xut ru bia
Amylase (, , )
Protease
Pullulanase
Cellulase
Mt s enzyme
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c im Enzyme amylase l protein c phn t lng thp, thng nm trong khong 50.000 n 60.000Dal. Chui mch acid amin Enzyme amylase u c cu trc bc 3.
Enzyme amylase
Cu trc khng gian ca enzyme -amylase
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Tnhcht
Enzyme amylase
pH ti thch: amylase t nm si l 4.0 4.8
Ngun gc khc nhau bn i vi tcdng ca acid cng khc khc nhau.
Nhit ti thch ca amylase l 50Cv b v hot 70C
Trong dung dch m pH = 4.7, amylaseca Asp.orysee rt nhy vi tc ng ca nhit cao
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Enzyme amylase
L mt Enzymengoi bo (exoenzyme)
Phn gii bt u t u khng kh ca cc nhnhngoi cngc cht
Phn ct lin kt
l,4glucosidenhng khi gp linkt 1,4 glucoside ng k cn lin kt l,6glucoside thngng tc dng
c im
Cu trc khng gian ca Enzyme amylase
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Tnhcht
Tm xc tc ccha nhm SH, nhm X-COOH,vng imidazol
Khng thu phn tinh bt sng, m ch phn ct
tinh bt h ho.
C hot tnh khi khng c Ca2+, v b kim hmbi Cu2+, Hg2+,...
-amylasehot ng thch hp pH=4.2 5.6
Ngun gc t vi khun th bn nhit hn ca thc vt v nm mc
Enzyme amylase
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c im
C nhiu tn gikhc nhau:amyloglucosidase,glucoamylase,...
Thucnhmenzyme ngoi bo exoamylase.
Do vi sinh vt tora.
Khi lng phnt: 27.000 -112.000 Dal.
Tnh cht c to nn t
hai isoEnzyme I v
II.Amyloglucosidas
e I t hp th vthu phn tinh bt trng thi rn.
amyloglucosidaseII khng c chaitnh cht ny.
Hot tnh - pH = 3.5 5.5- Nhit 50C- Bn vi acid hn amylase nhngkm bn hn trongru, acetone vkhng c bo v bi Ca2+.
Enzyme amylase
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c im Xc tc s thy phn lin kt peptit (CO NH)trong phn t protein v cc c cht tng t. C kh nng lin kt este v vn chuyn acid amin.
Enzyme protease
Enzyme protease
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Enzyme protease
Cacboxypeptidase
Aminopeptidase Dipeptidhydrolase
Proteinase
Thy phn lin kt peptit u nit ca mch polypeptit
Thy phn lin kt peptit u cacbon
ca mch polypeptit
Thy phn cclin kt dipepit
Thy phn cc lin
kt peptid ni mch
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Ngungc T
Vi khunAerbacteraerogenes
T
Vi khunKlebsiella
Enzym Pullulanase
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Enzym Pullulanase
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Thu phn lin kt 1,6 glycoside trongtinh bt v glycogen
Thu phn nhng dextrin phn t thp
Di tc ng ca iso amylase haypullulanase to thnh s l glucose
Hot tnh ti u ca chng pH = 6 vnhit ti u 600C.
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Tnhcht
Enzym Pullulanase
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Enzyme cellulase
Thu phn lin kt 1,4--glucoside trong celluloseto rasn phm glucose
c im
Phc hcellulase
Dng 1 l Endo--1,4-glucanase
Dng 2 l Exoglucanase
Dng 3 l -glucosidase
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Cu trc khng gian enzyme cellulase
Enzyme cellulase
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Enzyme cellulase
Thy phn ngu nhin bn trong phn t celluloseto ra cc loi oligosaccharide.
Thy phn u kh v u khng kh ca chui cellulose
Endogluacanase
Xc tc qu trnh ct lin kt -1,4-glucoside trong cellulose.
Sn phm l cc cellulose phnt nh,cellobiose v glucose.
Endocellulase
Ct 2 hoc 4 n v glucose t u khngkh ca chui cellulose.Exocellulase
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Yu t nh hng
Nhit
pH
Cht hot ha
Cht kim hm
Nng enzyme, c cht
Yu t khc
Cc yu t nh hng n enzyme
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Nhit
Ti
thch
Trung tmhot ng
Cao
Thp
Bin tnh
Khng mthot tnh mch b gim.
Mt i cu hnh chun vkhng ph hp vi c cht
Nhit ti thcht 40 60oC
nh hng ca nhit
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nh hng pH
Thay i khng thun nghch phm vi pHcc hp
Hai sn ca ph ti thch ra s phnly nhm prosthetic hay coenzyme
Lm thay i mc ion ha hayphn ly c cht
Thay i i lc lin kt ca enzymevi c cht
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nh hng cht hot ha
L cht lm tng kh nng xc tc chuyn ha c cht thnh sn phm
Thng thng l nhng cation kim loi hay nhng hp cht hu c nh cc vitamin tan trongnc
Cc cation kim loi c th c tnh c hiu, tnh i khng v tcdng cn tu thuc vonng
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nh hng cht kim hm
L cht c tc dng lm gim hot hay lm enzyme khngcn kh nng xc tc bin c cht thnh sn phm.
Phn loi
Thunnghch
Cnh tranh
Phi cnhtranh
Khng thunnghch
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nh hng nng enzyme, c cht
Vn tc t cc i khiton b
enzyme linkt vi c cht
Nng enzyme cngcao th vn
tc phn ng enzymecng l n
Nng enzyme C cht
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nh hng cc yu t khc
Sng siu m: Tcng rt khc nhau i vi tng loi enzyme, c enzymeb mt hot tnh, c enzymeli khngnh hng.
nh sng: Cnh hng khc nhau n tng loi enzyme,cc bc sng khc nhau cnh hng khc nhau, thng nh sng trng c tc ng mnh nht, nh sng c tcng yu nht. nh sng t ngoi cng c th gy nnnhng bt li.
S chiu in: in chiu vi cng cng cao th tcng ph hy cng mnh
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ngui
Trn bnhmen
Ln menChng ct Sn phm
Quy trnh sn xut ru go
Nguynliu Ngmnc Nu chn
ng dng cu enzyme trong sn xut ru
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Nguyn liu
Gii thch quy trnh
Go, np hoc cc loi nng sn c hm lng tinh bt caothng cha khong 14% nc v trn 74% tinhbt.Nguyn liu tt khng su mt, mc, khng ln tp cht khc,
Cho nguyn liu ngm trong nc nhm loi b tp chtbn...
Trong qu trnh ngm nguyn liu ht nc v tr nnmm hn, rt ngn thi gian nu.
Ngm nc
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N uchnVai tr ca amylase : amylase hot ng mnh trong giaion u ca qu trnh ng ha.
Nguyn nhn : C s thay i pH trong thi gan ng ha vgii hn hot ng ca a-amylase ti ng khng vt qu 70 80%.
=> Vai tr enzyme ny l lmdch ha nhanh giai on nu v c giai on u ca qu trnh ng ha, dextrinv tch t ng.
Gii thch quy trnh
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Glucoamylasethy phn kin kt 1,4 glucose trong ccpolysacharide.
Ngoi ra enzyme ny cn ckh nng phn ct lin kt 1,6 glucoside.
Phn ln cc glucoamylasehot ng pH khng cao.
Nhit ti u l 55 60C.
Sn phm cui cngca qu trnh thy phn ny l glucose
N uchn
Gii thch quy trnh
Vai tr ca glucoamylase
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N uchn
Gii thch quy trnh
Vai tr ca h enzyme cellulase
Tham gia phn hu cc polysacharide khng phi l glucide
B sung enzyme trn vo trong qu trnh ng ho hmlng ng galactose, arabinose, cylose, glucose tng ln
H enzyme cellulase c coi nh bin php tng cng khnng ng ho v lm tng hiu sut thu cn sau ln men
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N uchn
Gii thch quy trnh
Vai tr ca enzyme protease
Khi x l nguyn liu bng ch phm protease, trongdung dch ng ha tch t nhiu amino acid
Amino acid l thnh phn rt cn thit cho s phttrin ca nm men
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Ln men m
Ln men
L qu trnh to iu kin cho enzym amylaseca nm mc,
vi khun xc tcthy phn tinh bt.
Gii thch quy trnh
Cm trn men c trong 5 10gi mc mc u c khi cm, sau vun thnh ng, ph kn bng vi v gi ni thong mt (nhit 28 32oC) trong 2 3 ngy
Mc ch: To iu kin cho nm mc v vikhun pht trin, tit ra enzymng ha tinh bt
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L qu trnh nm men s dng ng to ra ln men
ru.
Thi gian khong 2 3 ngy.Cm ru trong iu kin kn, nm mc ngng pht trin nhng enzymeto thnh vn tip tc thy phn tinh bt.
Trong giai on ny, nm men pht trin mnh nh lng oxi ha tan trong nc v lng ng to thnh, sau chuyn sang ln menru.
Ln men lng
Ln men
Gii thch quy trnh
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Chng ct Gii thch quy trnh
Nhm tch hn hp ru v nc c nhit si khc nhau.Khi chng ct, ru c tch ra khi nc nh nhit bc hi thp hn nc
Tin hnh bng cch un si hn hp ln men,hi bay ln
c dn qua ng dn v c lm lnh bng cch chong dn i qua bn nc ngng t ru bn trong lngng
Dung dch ru thu c trong sut, c mithm c trng v nng ru s gim dn theo thi gian chng ct
Qu trnh ln men kt thc th tin hnh chng ct thuc ru thnh phm
d bi
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Ln men
ph Lm
trong bia Bo ho
CO2
Chit rtchai
Thanhtrng
Thnhphm
i mch Ngm m
mm Sy Nghin
ngho Lc b
Nu Lc bmalt Lm lnh
Ln menchnh
Quy trnh sn xut bia
ng dng cu enzyme trong sn xut bia
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Cc enzym trong giai on m mm
Enzym sitase
Enzym protease
Enzym amylase
Enzym lipase
Enzymeamylophotphatase
Giithch quy trnh
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Tc ng ca Sitase ( glucanase pentosanase )
Thnhhemicellulose
ng n pentose,hexose v ccs
phm khc
C ch hot ng Enzym sitasebt u hot ng ni nh.u tin u tin l s ha lng mng ca t bo gn k vi ng.Enzym tcng theo trc ca ht.
Kh nng hot ng ca enzym sitasequyt nh kh nng ny mm
Cc yu t nh hng n hot ng ca enzym sitase Nhit Bn cht ca ht i mch
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Hot ng ca protease
Protease c tit ra t phi ht v hot ng ngaykhi bt u m mm.Tc ng trc tin vo cct bo ni nh.
protein Cc acid amin ho tantrong dch thc Chui peptid
Abumo,
pepton
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Hot ng ca enzyme amylase
Cc amylasetn cng vn mn b mt ht tinhbt.
Cc t bo gn mm b tn cng mnh hn cncc t bo khc hu nh khng b tn cng.
Maltosec to thnh di dng ho tan v dichuyn n mm.
Giithch quy trnh
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Hot ng ca enzym lipase
Thu phn lipid
Giithch quy trnh
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Hot ng ca enzyme amylophotphatase
Enzyme phytasethu phn cceste photphoric
Giithch quy trnh
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Qu trnh ng ho
Thu phntinh bt Thu phn-glucan
Thu phnprotein
Qu trnh h ho
Qu trnh dch ho
Qu trnh ng ho
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Qu trnh dch ho
Cc gc glucose(amylose vamylopectin)
-amylase -amylase Thu phnhnh thnhmch ngn hn.
Gim nht
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Qu trnh ng ho
Amylose vamylopectin
-amylaseThu phnthnh dextrincha 7 12gc glucose
Dextrin-amylase Phn ct thnh hai gc
maltose u khng kh
Ngoi ra, amylase tham giathu phn polysaccharidet u khng kh tun t tng gc glucose.Ct loeen kt 1,4; 1,6; 1,2 v 1,3 glucozid.Sn phm to thnh lglucose v oligosaccharide.
Giithch quy trnh
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Thu phn -glucan
Giithch quy trnh
Thnh t bo ni nh: cha mt mng li cc protein,cellulose v hemicellulasevng chc, cc cht ny linkt vi
nhau bi glucan
glucan lmtng nht ca dch ng v bia gy
cn tr qu trnh lc
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Thu phn protein
Thu phn protein nh enzym protease.
Protein b phn ct dn thnh cc mch nh hn v to thnh cc acid amin.
Cc hp cht cao phn t to thnh trong qu trnhthy phn protein li tip tc b phn ct cho nn thi gian to thnh chng khng cn ko di, c bit lcc cht keo,to bt b phn hy cngnhit .
Giithch quy trnh
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Lc bTch dch ng hay dch hm vi v v nhng phn ni nh ca ht khng tan. Ngoi ra, loi b nhng cht
khng mong mun nh: kim loi nng, tanin,
Nu vi hoa houblon
n nh thnh phn v to cho bia c mi thm v v ng c trng ca hoa houblon.
Giithch quy trnh
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Loi b cn, cht huyn ph v hoa houblon. To iu kin thun li cho vi sinh vt hot ng
Lc trong
Lm lnh
To nhit thch hp cho vi sinh vt ln men hot ng.
Giithch quy trnh
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Ln men chnh
Chuyn ho cccht ho tan trong dch ng thnh
C2H5OH, CO2 v cc sn phm ph khc (sinh tng hp trong qu trnh hot ng sng ca t bo nm men) to thnh bia theo yucu k thut v cht lng thnh phm.
Giithch quy trnh
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Ln menph
Tip tc ln menphn cht kh cn stli sau lnmen chnh, bo ha CO2 v tng cng mi v chobia, thc hin qu trnh chn ca bia (n nh cht lng bia), lm trong bia;a bia v nhit thp hn ch s xm nhp v ph hy ca visinh vt.
Giithch quy trnh
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Litm
Lm trong bia Tch cn l lng, tch cc t bo nm men sng vxc t bo non
Tng gi tr cm quan, n nh thnh phn c hc,lm tng bn sinh hc, bn keo ca bia
Phngphp
Lc
Lng
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Bo ha CO2
CO2 b sung vophi m bo khng cha O2 vvi sinhvt tp nhim
Cc cngon lm vic nhit cao v psut thp lm hm lng CO2 gim
CO2 c b sung vo bianh cc ng ng dn di kt hp vi ccon ni m ha tan vo bia.
Giithch quy trnh
h h h
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Chit chai v thanh trng Bia sau khi bo ha CO2 phi c chit chai ngay
Khng tn tht bia Rt lng
Khng nh hng cht lng
Yucu
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