Ứng dụng vi mạch số lập trình

8/12/2019 ng dng vi mch s lp trnh

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guye va bie [email protected] LUAN VAN TOT NG!"#$"% TA&!'

()NG *U+NG V! ,A+- O LA# T/0N

L1&! ,12 $A%U

V3i 56 tie8n bo9 :;oa :;oa ;oc :y? t;ua9t@ aBc bie9t la= nga=n; ie9n t6> a? 6ngdung Ca8t n;ieDu tCong co@ gon@ gia t;a=n; Ce>@ o9 la=m vie9c tin ca9y va= coa con ng63=i n;6 may giaBt@ oDng ;oD ie9n t6> ...

n;am giuE c;o 3=i 5o8ng nga=y ca=ng ;ie9n ai va= tie9n l3i ;3n.

$eD ta=i 6ng dung vi mac; 5o8 la9E tCHn; Ca8t E;ong E;u a dang@ co n;ieDu loai ;Hn; :;acn;au d6a va=o coo tie8ng vie9t ;an c;e8@ tCHn; o9co ;an va= :in; ng;ie9m tCong t;6c tieMn co=n non :em@ ne


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#A%N !LS) TUS"T

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-(1NG ! ' G!1! T!"U -A)- -ONG LOG!- -1 A2N! A&, LOG!- VA WAN*X OA- WO/X ZO[NG WNOTX.

Q -o g logic . Goi A la= bie8n 5o8 n;K E;a va=o va= ;a=m 5o8S la= cac ngo> Ca. ,o9tmac; logic dieMn ta> uan ;e9 gi6?a cac ngo> va=o va= ngo> Ca ng;Fa la= t;6c ;ie9n 63c mo9t ;a=mlogic@ do o co bao n;ie


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Q Q Q

Zy ;ie9u toan ;oc cu>a ;a=m 5o8 VA.& ZJ ;ie9u cong VA& WAN*XS f A.

\ -o g logic OAY- WO/X. a=m 5o8 OAY- cu>a ;ai bie8n 5o8 A@ 63c Kn; ng;Fa 3> ba>ng 56 t;a9t 5au'

a>ng 56 t;a9t'

A S Q QQ QQ Q Q

ZJ ;ie9u cong OAY-

Ngo> Ca S la= Q :;i co Jt n;a8t mo9t bie8n 5o8 la= Q@ do o c;j bang 3> tC63=ng ;3E :;i ca> ;ai bie8n5o8 bang . Zy ;ie9u toan ;oc cu>a cong OAY- la=' S f Ak

4 -o g logic ZO[NG WNOTX. a=m VA& va= ;a=m OAY- tac o9ng le


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!! -ONG LOG!- ZO[NG ]VA WNAN*X ZO[NG]OA- WNO/X.Q -o g logic NAN* .

êt tC63=ng ;3E co ;ai bie8n 5o8 A@ ngo> Ca 3> cong VA& S f A. ne Ca 3> cong ZO[NG la=

a>o cu>a S' S f A. VeD ;oat o9ng cu>a cong NAN* t;H t6= cac to ;3E cu>a A@ ta la9E ba>ng tCang t;ai CoDi la8y a>o eco S a>o. Tuy n;ieng 56 t;a9t 5au' a>ng 56 t;a9t '

A S Q Q Q

Q QQ Q ZJ ;ie9u cong NAN*.

-o g NO/. êt tC63=ng ;3E ;ai ngo> va=o la= A@ .Ngo> Ca 3> cong NO/ la= '

S f Ak ne Ca 3> cong a>o 5e? la= '

S f Ak.

a>ng 56 t;a9t '

A S Q Q Q Q Q

ZJ ;ie9u cong NO/.

!!! A&, LOG!- "Ô/ VA "^NO/.Q -o g logic "Ô/.

a=m OAY- 63c goi la= OAY- bao goDm vH no :;oi uye8t 63c ba=i toan co9ng n;K E;a ;ai bie8n 5o8 eDu la= Q t;H S f Q t;ay vH la= . ,aBc du= OAY- n;6 va9y vaMn co y ng;Fa t;6cte8 nei Kn; ng;Fa mo9t cong logic :;ac la= OAY- LOA+! T/(&W"Ô/X cong na=y co y ng;Fa la= loai tC63=ng ;3E :;i A@ oDng t;3=i la= Q t;H S f Zy ;ie9u ' S f A

a>ng 56 t;a9t'

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AY

A

B

& Y

B


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A S Q Q

Q QQ Q ZJ ;ie9u cong "^O/.

-o g "^NO/. a=m "^NO/ 63c t;6c ;ie9n bang cac; t;eo 5o v3i "^O/. Zy ;ie9u ' S f A a>ng 56 t;a9t'

S Q Q Q Q Q Q

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A

B

Y

A

BY


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!V !"N $O! -A)- A&, `UAN " /A A&, LOG!- NAN* NO/. ,o8i lien gi6?a ba cong AN*@ O/@ NOT :;o gia>m 63c 5o8 l63ng vi mac; caDn t;ie8t. `uatCHn; bie8n oi na=y d6a tCeng 56 t;a9t cu>a cong NO/ 5uy Ca ' A f @ f S f Q va= Af Q@ f Q S f 3 oD min; ;oa '

k -ong AN* u3c t;ay bang cong NAN* va= cong NO/. T63ng t6 n;6 cac tC63=ng ;3E tCeng 56 t;a9t' ] Ngo? Ca cu>a cong AN* Sf Ak co=n cong NAN* S f Ak a>o S f S3 oD min; ;oa'

] Ngo> Ca cu>a cong NO/ S f A. . Ta co S f A . f A k 3 oD min; ;oa '

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A = B Y

A

B

Y

A = B Y


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k -ong O/ u3c t;ay bang cong NAN* va= cong NO/. ieu t;6c cong O/ S f A.@ S f A k f A.3 oD min; ;oa '

- ieu t;6c cong NO/ S f A. S f A. f S

3 oD min; ;oa '

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A

B

Y

Y

A

B

A B Y


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-(1NG !! ,A- LOG!- TO 1+#! $A- $!", -1 A2N -U2A ,A- TO 1+#. TCong mac; 5o8@ mac; to ;3E la= mac; ma= tCK 5o8 on Kn; cu>a tJn ;ie9u Ca 3> t;3=i iem ba8t :y= c;j

E;u t;uo9c va=o to ;3E cac gia tCK tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o 3> t;3=i iem o.TCong mac; to ;3E@ tCang t;aimac; ie9n tC63c t;3=i iem het @ t6c tC63c :;i co tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o@ :;on; ;63>ng e8n tJn ;ie9u aDuCa. $aBc iem ca8u tCuc mac; to ;3E la= 63c ca8u tCuc t6= cac cong logic .

!! #(1NG #A# !"U T VA #AN T- -()- NANG LOG!-.Q #;63 g E;aE bieu t;K c;6c aP g logic.

-ac E;63ng E;aE t;63=ng du=ng e bieu t;K c;6c naPng logic cu>a mac; to ;3E la= ;a=m 5o8 logic @ba>ng 56 t;a9t @ 53 oD logic @ ba>ng ZaCnaug; @ cu?ng co :;i bieu t;K bang oD t;K t;3=i gian dang 5ong .

$o8i v3i vi mac; c3? n;o> W!X t;63=ng bieu t;K bang ;a=m logic. $o8i v3i c3? v6=a t;63=ng bieu t;Kbang ba>ng 56 t;a9t@ ;ay la= ba>ng c;6c naPng. a>ng c;6c naPng du=ng ;Hn; t;6c lie9t :e uan ;e9 logic gi6?a tJn ;ie9u ngo> Ca v3i tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o cu>amac; ie9n ang het. -;j caDn t;ay gia tCK logic c;o tCang t;ai tCong ba>ng c;6c naPng@ t;H ta co ba>ng56 t;a9t t63ng 6ng .

Hn; ]Q ' 3 oD :;o8i mac; to ;3E N;6 ;Hn; ]Q c;o bie8t@ t;63=ng co n;ieDu tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o va= n;ieDu tJn ;ie9u ngo> Ca. ,o9t cac;tong uat@ ;a=m logic cu>a tJn ;ie9u ngo> Ca co t;e vie8t d63i dang ' Q f QW hQ@ h@ p@ hnX f W hQ@ h@ p@ hnX pppppppppppppppp m fmW hQ@ h@ p@ hnX

-u?ng co t;e vie8t d63i dang ai l63ng vect3 n;6 5au'

f qW^X. #;63 g E;aE E;a< tJc; c;6c aP g logic. -ac b63c E;ang 56 t;a9t. Vie8t bieu t;6c' tuaDn t6 t6= ngo> va=o e8n ngo? Ca W;ay cu?ng co t;e ng63c laiX@ vie8t Ca bieu t;6c ;a=m

logic cu>a tJn ;ie9u ngo> Ca. /ut gon' :;i caDn t;ie8t t;H Cut gon e8n to8i t;ieu bieu t;6c 3> tCeng 56 t;a9t' :;i caDn t;ie8t t;H tHm Ca ba>ng 56 t;a9t bang cac; tie8n ;a=n; tJn; toan cac gia tCK;a=m logic tJn ;ie9u ngo> Ca t63ng 6ng v3i to ;3E co t;e cu>a cac gia tCK tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o.

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Mach to h!

"#

"$

.

."n

%#%$.

.

m


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!!! #(1NG #A# T!"T Z" LOG!- ,A- TO 1+#. #;63ng E;aE t;ie8t :e8 logic la= cac b63c c3 ba>n tHm Ca 53 oD mac; ie9n logic t6= yea mac; to ;3E@ tCong o bao goDm 4 b63c c;Jn; 'Q #;a< tJc; ye va=o v3i tCang t;ai ;a=m 5o8 ngo> Ca. $o la= ba>ng :e< yengc;6c naPng. Vie9c na=y co ve> deM va= tC6c uan. Tie8E t;eo@ ta t;ay gia tCK logic c;o tCang t;ai@ t6c la= du=ngcac 5o8 va= Q bieu t;K cac tCang t;ai t63ng 6ng cu>a ngo> va=o va= ngo> Ca. Ze8t ua> ta co ba>ng gia tCKt;6c logic@ goi taIt la= ba>ng 56 t;a9t. $a8y c;Jn; la= ;Hn; t;6c ai 5o8 cu>a yeng c;6c naPng co t;e 63c ba>ng 56 t;a9t :;ac n;au ne8u t;ay gia tCK logic :;ac n;au Wt6c la=uan ;e9 logic gi6?a ngo> Ca v3i ngo> va=o cu?ng E;u t;uo9c vie9c t;ay gia tCK X.

VJ du' 3 oD mac; nguyengc;angZaCnaug;

To8i t;ieu;oa

ieu t;6cto8i t;ieu

3 oDlogic

ieu t;6clogic

To8i t;ieu;oa


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Hn; ]\.,ac; ie9n ;ai c;uyen mac; no8i tie8E.

a>ng 56 t;a9tA rQ

Q

Q

Q

Qa>ng 56 t;a9t tCe naPng co t;e cu>a mac; i9n; ;Hn; ]\.

Ne8u t;ay t;e8 gia tCK logic t;eo 4 cac; :;ac n;au t;H t6= cac ba>ng 56 t;a9t a@ b@ c@ d ta 63ccac bieu t;6c logic :;ac n;au. a>ng 56 t;a9t tCong 4 tHn; ;uo8ng t;ay gia tCK :;ac n;au.

A r

Q Q Q Q Q

aX r f A.

A r

Q Q QQ QQ Q

cX r f A.

A r

Q Q QQ Q Q Q

bX r f A k

A r

Q Q Q Q Q

T6= ba>ng 56 t;a9t tCei caPn c6 va=o gia tCK t;ay t;e8 tCang t;ai e hac Kn; y ng;Fa cut;e cu>a va=Q Wt6c la= y ng;Fa cu t;e cu>a ba>ng 56 t;a9tX. Z;i lie9t :e< ba>ng c;6c naPng ;oaBc ba>ng 56 t;a9t@ co t;e :;o va=o na=o :;o tCang t;ai t63ng 6ng ta g;i mo9t da8u c;eo s s@ t;63=ng 56> dung cac tCang t;ai an; da8uc;eo e to8i t;ieu ;oa ;a=m logic.

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d' % = A ( Bd' % = A ( B


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\ Tie8 ;a= ; to8i t;ieu ;oa. Ne8u 5o8 bie8n 5o8 t63ng o8i Jt t;H co t;e du=ng E;63ng E;aE ;Hn; ve?. Ne8u 5o8 bie8n 5o8 t63ng o8in;ieDu@ :;i o :;oa mac; logic la9E tCHn;@ luc ba8y gi3= la= n;a= ua>nly n;6?ng 6ng dung #LA cu>a ignetic5 a? t;6c 56 ;ieu Cang 56> dung #LA la= E;63ng E;aE to8t ;3n et;ie8t :e8 va= t;ay oi ;e9 t;o8ng 5o8. TCong :;i o@ coa #/O, va= a? 6ng dung va=o tCong mo9t 5o8 mac; logic.

-oa no goDm mo9tma>ng AN* la9E tCHn; :e=m v3i ma>ng O/ la9E tCHn;@ c;o E;eE t;6c ;ie9n to ;3E tong cac tJc; 5o8 cu>a ;a=mlogic tiea cac tJc; 5o8 3n gia>n . Zy? 56 o;n ,aCtin iC:neC la= mo9t ng63=i uan taa coa #AL va= oDng y 5a>n hua8t. Vi mac;aDu tiea vi mac; bieu t;K to ;3E ngo> Ca tac o9ng 3> m6c t;a8E@ :y t6 / c;o bie8t co 4@ ;ay t;an; g;i 3> ngo> Ca t63ng 6ng.

au mo9t t;3=i gian :;3>i aDu c;a9m@ cuo8i cu=ng #AL a? 63c t;ie8t :e8 tCong ;e9 t;o8ng t;6c. N;6?ngcoa #AL la= c;o E;eE ;o gia>m 5o8 boaCd caDn t;ie8t

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e t;6c ;ie9n to8t n;6?ng yea ;o q#L co c;6c cac qliEqloE e t;6c ;ie9n cac tCang t;ai cu>a ;a=m tuaDnt6. $oDng t;3=i ignetic5 cu?ng gi3i t;ie9u A,Ar" WAutomated ,aE and raE "uation5X la= c;63ng tCHn;biea ;o. T63ng t6@ n;6?ng coa ;o. -a> coi aDut;a=n; coa #L*@ tuy n;iea ;o.

Tuy t;e8@ :F t;ua9t logic la9E tCHn; tie8E tuc ca>i tie8n va= n;6?ng vi mac; E;at tCien 3> giaioan t;6 ;ai 63c gi3i t;ie9u va=o naPm QR\. -oa n;6?ng cong #L* 3> Qngo> va=o. ,oMi cong #L* co :;a> naPng to ;3E ;oaBc v3i t;an; g;i 3> ngo> Ca ;oaBc mo9t ngo> va=o.

-ong e9m ngo? Ca ba tCang t;ai 63c ieDu :;ien b3>i mo9t tJc; 5o8 Cie t;an; g;i eDu 63c Ce5et t6 o9ng tCong ua tCHn; taIt ;ay m3> va= moMi t;an; g;ico :;a> naPng aBt tC63cw@ o la= aBc iem aBc bie9t c;o vie9c :iem tCa 5au na=y. V3i n;6?ng vi mac; m3i@ 63c gi3i t;ie9u t;63=ng huye dung #L* e at ;ie9u ua> cao. ob O5ann a? n;a9n t;a8y 63c 56 caDn t;ie8t cu>a mo9t c;63ng tCHn; bie #L* cu>a n;6?ng co


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6 E;at tCien tCong con #/O, co _ 63=ng ieDu :;ien ngo> va=o c;o E;eE tao Ca \ to ;3E logic va= 63=ng d6? lie9u Catao t;a=n; mo9t ma tCa9n n;3 \h@ vH va9y co tong co9ng _ te8 ba=o n;3. -a8u tCuc cu>a #/O, goDmmo9t ma>ng AN* co8 Kn; t;eo 5au la= ma>ng O/ la9E tCHn;@ 63c min; ;oa 3> ;Hn; \..

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A4

A)A$

A#

A*

+7

+,

+

+4+)

+$

+#

+*


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Hn; \]7 3 oD logic cu>a #/O,

-;u4 t;Jc;' ] *a8u ^ tCong ;Hn; bieu ;ie9n n;6?ng iem la9E tCHn; W63c :e8t no8i t;ong AN* co8 Kn; co Q bie8n 63c c;on va= lieng O/. *oo ba8t :H mo9t lie Wng;Fa la= caDu c;H 3> o bK 6t@ t;H bie8n o 5e? :;o bieut;6c ngo? CaX. -ac ;a=m 3> ngo> Ca t;ay oi tu=y t;uo9c va=o 56 :e8t no8i cu>a cac bie8n 3> ngo? va=o. #/O, t;63=ng 63c 56> dung e gia>i ma? ia c;j va= 6ng dung e l6u tC6? d6? lie9u. Z;i t;ie8t :e8 cac#/O,@ ngu3=i t;ie8t :e8 E;a>i c;u y e8n 56 t;ay oi m6c logic ngo> va=o Wha>y Ca tCong t;3=i gian ngaInX :;i

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/nh ).$ 3 oD logic cu>a #/O,


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Ka c;j ngo? va=o t;ay oi. #;63ng t;6c g;i cu>a #/O, la= :;i co mo9t tJn hung cloc: oDng bo9 t;H mac;ngo? Ca c;uyen 5ang tCang t;ai :;ac. $aBc iem na=y 5e? giuE :;aIc E;uc 63c va8n eD taE n;ieMm 3>#/O,. Z;i :;a>o 5at #/O,@ ng63=i ta t;63=ng uan ta


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Hn; \.\ . 3 oD bieu t;6c ngo> Ca cu>a q#LA

L6u y ma>ng O/ tCong mac; 3> ;Hn;\.4. ,oMi ngo> Ca cong AN* 63c no8i t3i Q ngo> va=ocong O/ t;o 56> cac caDu c;H eDut;o


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3 oD logic cu>a vi mac; #LQ_7 63c co;Hn; \._@ co ;Hn; dang be ngo? Ca co c;6c naPng n;a8t@ n;6?ng t;an; g;i 63cca8u tao bang n;6?ng cong a>o ,W,],_X. -a8u tCuc m3i cu>a #LQ_7 co n;6?ng aBc iemang l6u y la= n;6?ng t;an; g;i c;o E;eE c;o8t n;6?ng tJn ;ie9u 3> ngo? va=o va= n;6?ng tJn ;ie9u

na=y 63c 6a t3i ma>ng AN*. Ngoa=i Ca vi mac; co=n 63c t;ie8t :e8 mo9t ma>ng bo 5ung Wma>ngbu=X. $a va=o cu>a ma>ng AN*@ no c;oE;eE bo 5ung t;e dung e t;ay t;e8 c;o n;6?ngcong n;ieDu ngo? va=o tiea no bao goDm mo9t ma>ng AN* la9E tCHn;@ v3i la9EtCHn; c6c tJn; 3> ngo? Ca. -;j v3i mo9t cong AN* co t;e bie8n oi t;a=n; cong NAN*@ NO/ ;ay

cong O/. ,oMi cong AN* tCong q#GA co t;e bie8n oi t;a=n; cac cong logic :;ac n;au. q#GA cu?ng 63c bo 5ung lin; o9ng ;3n n;6?ng cong tie va=o@ Q ngo? Ca va= co tJn ;ie9u ;oDi tie8E 6a veD ma>ng AN* 63c 56> dung n;6 n;6?ng ngo?va=o. -o t;ei \ 63=ng ieDu :;ien@ cac tJn ;ie9u na=y ieDu :;ienn;6?ng cong e9m ngo> Ca \ tCang t;ai. q#GA t;Jc; ;3E tCong cac t;ie8t :e8 e gia>i ma? Ka c;jva= 63c t;en uyeDn veD ca8u tCuc cu>a coa #AL bao goDm mo9t ma>ng AN* la9E tCHn; t;eo 5au la= mo9t ma>ng O/ co8 Kn;@ ca8u tCuc na=y63c ca>i tie8n t6= n;6?ng :;uye8t iem cu>a ;o q#LA. Hn; \.7 min; ;oa c;o ca8u tCuc 3n gia>ncu>a #AL. *o loai bo> vie9c 56> dung caDu c;H 3> ma>ng O/@ do o 5o8 l63ng tin; t;e ilicon 63c56> dung gia>m@ daMn e8n gia t;a=n; cu>a #AL t;a8E ;3n 5o v3i q#LA. ,aBt :;ac t;3=i gian tCH;oa?n cu>a #AL ngaIn ;3n 5o v3i q#LA do gia>m 63c 56 tCH ;oa?n :;i tCuyeDn ua ma>ng O/. Z;a>o 5at #ALQL co ;Hn; dang c;a ;Hn; \.. Vimac; na=y co to ;3E ngo? Ca@ moMi ngo? Ca 63c a>o v3i 7 tJc; 5o8 cu>a ngo? va=o@ tCong

ngo? Ca 63c ;oDi tie8E veD ma>ng AN*@ c;o E;eE n;6?ng c;a dung v3i c;6c naPng!O. *o #ALQL co ngo? Ca tac o9ng 3> m6c t;a8E ne


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Hn; \. . 3 oD logic cu>a q#GA #LQ_Q

Trang 22


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!\ ! !Q !

O\ O OQO

Hn; \.7 . 3 oD logic cu>a #AL

Trang 23

Mang 15

Mang A6+


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#ALQL 63c 6ng dung tCong lFn; v6c gia>i ma? Ka c;j@ no t;ua9n tie9n tCong vie9c :e8t ;3Ev3i cac bo9 vi h6> ly va= t;ie8t bK ngoai vi vH cu=ng mo9t m6c tac o9ng. V3i n;6?ng aBc tJn; n;6to8c o9 t63ng o8i cao@ gia t;a=n; t;a8E@ t;3=i gian tCuyeDn tCH ;oa?n :;oa>ng 7@_n5 neo ve9 no9i dung bedung t;e Ca. ,o9t t;e8 ;e9 vi mac; #AL 63c co va=o vi mac; na=y co=n co mo9t 5o8 aBc iem n6?a la= tCong;a=m logic cac t;a=n; E;aDn tJc; 5o8 co t;e t;ay oi t6= e8n Q bie8n. $ieDu na=y 5e? giuE c;o vimac; t;6c ;ie9n n;ieDu E;63ng tCHn; E;6c taE. N;3= va=o ca8u tao 3> ngo> Ca cac cong #L* ne Ca ;oaBc va=o cu>a vi mac; co aBc tJn; giao tie8E c;ieDu@ ieDu na=y la=m taPng :;a> naPngh6> ly cu>a vi mac; va= tao 56 t;ua9n l3i c;o vie9c t;ie8t :e8. *o n;6?ng aBc iem a? 63c ca>i tie8nnea vi mac;. Zy t6 nam gi6?a 5o8 c;j Ca y ng;Fa cac t;uo9c tJn; cu>a ngo> Ca. ,o9t 5o8 ma? :yt6 co y ng;Fa la=' tac o9ng m6c t;a8E.

L tac o9ng m6c cao.# tac o9ng ngo> Ca co t;e la9E tCHn;.- E;aDn bo 5ung cac ngo> Ca.

bo9 tuaDn t6. -ac :y ;ie9u cu>a vi mac; ;o #AL 63c hem la= n;6?ng ;63ng daMn c3 ba>n cu>a vi

mac;. Ngoa=i Ca cac con t;oavi mac; :e=m t;eo e la=m ta=i lie9u t;am :;a>o c;o cac n;a= t;ie8t :e8.

. o vi mac; GAL W Ge eCic ACCay LogicX. GAL la= mo9t n;om cu>a coi co


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Hn; \.R . 3 oD logic cu>a GALQV Vi mac; na=y cu?ng co n;6?ng aBc iem la= co t;e hoa bang ie9n va= la9E tCHn; lai bang cacE;aDn meDm va= coo 5at ca8u tCuc cu>a vi mac; GALQV 63c tCHn; ba=y 3>

;Hn; \.Q@ GALQV co ;Hn; dang c;a


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,oMi mo9t OL,- co ngo> va=o t63ng 63ng v3i tJc; 5o8 tCong mo9t bieu t;6c.Ngoa=i Ca OL,- cu?ng co tJn ;ie9u ;oDi tie8E 6a veD e ieDu :;ien@ tJn ;ie9u hung oDng ;oD@tJn ;ie9u ;oDi tie8E veD ma>ng AN*. -ac vi mac; GAL eDu co ;oM tC3 n;6?ng t;an; g;i#Celoadw@ ieDu na=y co Jc; tCong vie9c :iem tCa vi mac;. ,aBt :;ac mo9t t;e8 ;e9 vi mac;

m3i 63c E;at tCien la= vi mac; la9E tCHn; ;e9 t;o8ng :y ;ie9u la= i5E""L* W!n]5y5tem#CogammableX. Vi mac; aDu tiea no gaDn gio8ng v3i GALQVn;6ng 63c t;ea n;6?ng vi mac; t;eo nguye


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Hn; \.Q . 3 oD logic cu>a #""LQ-V. o vi mac; "#L* W"Ca5able #L*X. -o va=o

Ngo> va=o

Ngo> va=o

Ngo> va=o

Ngo> va=o

Ngo> va=o

Ngo> va=o

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa

Va=oCa


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T6= :;i :;3>i aDu@ co Ca tac o9ng3> m6c cao ;oaBc t;a8E ;ay cac tJn ;ie9u 63c g;i cu?ng tac o9ng 3> m6c cao ;oaBc t;a8E. $o8i v3itJn ;ie9u ;oDi tie8E veD ma>ng AN* 63c 6a veD t6= t;an; g;i 3> ngo> Ca. -ac cong e9m ngo> Ca63c ieDu :;ien bang cac bie8n Cie


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Hn;\.QQ. 3 oD logic cong la9E tCHn; cu>a "#L* "#\Q

Trang 30

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89a chon6go :a

;a


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Hn; \.Q . 3 oD logic :;o8i ca8u tCuc ieDu :;ien "#L* "#R

Trang 31

1> 08?

-a8u tCuc ieDu :;ienVa=oCa

0locong bo

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R. o vi mac; #,L W #CogCammable ,acCo LogicX. o vi mac; 63c co dung ca8u tCuc m3i goi la= oldbac:w Wga8E veDX.,ac; logic oldbac:w 56> dung mo9t cong NAN* 3n ;ay ma>ng NO/ :e8t ;3E v3i mo9t ca8utCuc lieng NAN* 63c 56> dung vHcong NAN* co to8c o9 tCuyeDn n;an; n;a8t tCong coo mo9t :;o8i c;6c naPng va= co t;e hac Kn; mo9t tJn ;ie9u ngo>va=o@ mo9t cong e9m ngo> Ca ;ay ba8t c6 mo9t ;a=m logic na=o n;6 qq@ mac; e8m ;ay mac; to;3E. -on 56> dung ca8u tCuc AN* { O/ cu>a ;o vi

mac; #AL va= ;Hn; \.Q4 b 56> dung ca8u tCuc NAN* { NAN* v3i c;6c naPng t63ng t6 n;6ngco 6u iem la= :;oa#,L ta9n dung to8i a cac cong logic va= cac :;a> naPng ;oat o9ng cu>a vi mac;.

VJ du n;6 3> ;o #AL va= q#LA :;i caDn t;e ngo> va=o 5e? c;on 63=ng tJn ;ie9ungo> Ca hem n;6 mo9t 63=ng tJn ;ie9u ngo> va=o@ do o 5e? la=m taPng t;3=i gian tCuyeDn va= la?ng E;Jmo9t ngo> Ca. $o8i v3i ;o #,L t;H ta8t ca> cac ngo> va=o cu>a cong NAN* 63c 56> dung n;6 la=ngo> va=o cu>a tJn ;ie9u va= cac ;a=m logic 63c t;6c ;ie9n v3i ca8u tCuc \ ca8E logic. Vi mac; aidie9n c;o ;o #,L la= #L _Q co ca8u tao goDm 7 cong NAN* tCong o co 44 cong NAN*63c du=ng e ;oM tC3 c;o macCo ngo> Ca. Vi mac; co 4 ngo> va=o@ cong e9m ^O/ 3> ngo> Cav3i 4 cong tac o9ng 3> m6c t;a8E @ co 4 cong tac o9ng 3> m6c cao va= co 63=ng d6? lie9u c;ieDu. Vi mac; co _ c;a Ca \ tCang t;ai 63c ieDu :;ien bang t6=ng cong NAN* Cie


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,a>ng NAN* ,hN

Hn; \.Q\ . 3 oD logic la9E tCHn; macCo

aX bX

Hn; \.Q4. ,ac; logic 56> dung ca8u tCuc lodbac:w

Trang 33

6go

va


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Hn; \.Q. 3 oD c;6c naPng #L _Q

Q. o vi mac; "/A!-W"Ca5able #CogCammable AEElicatio Eeciic !-X.o vi mac; "/A!- 63c gi3i t;ie9u b3>i co dung ca8u tCuc ma>ng NO/

Trang 35


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@ vH tCong co va=o va= Q c;a Ca cu>a cong NO/ 63c ca8u taobang cac :;o8i #-" W#olaCity -ontCol "lement X e taPng tJn; ling ;oat. ^L7- co \ bie8n 3> ngo> va=o cong NO/@ ;ai bie8n du=ng e ieDu :;ien mac; la9t va=co \ bie8n du=ng c;o cong la9E tCHn;.

Hn; \.Q7 tCHn; ba=y 53 oD logic cu>a cong la9E tCHn;tCong vi mac; ^L7-.-o bango> va=o cu>a tJn ;ie9u @Z@O 63c 6a va=o cong la9E tCHn;.V3i ;ai bie8n @Z e ieDu :;ien qq Z.T6= cong la9E tCHn; cu?ng co 4 63=ng tJn ;ie9u 63c 6a veD ma>ng NO/. -;aa vi mac; :e8t;3E v3i cac cong la9E tCHn; 63c :e8t no8i v3i ngo> va=o cu>a bo9 a ;3E W!N],U^X va= no8i v3icong e9m ngo> Ca. Ngoa=i Ca co=n co cac 63=ng tJn ;ie9u hung cloc: va= hung hoa :;o Ca ;oat o9ng Q c;ieDu ;ay c;ieDu ;ay 3> tCangt;ai tong tC3> cao. 3 oD cong la9E tCHn; 3> ;Hn; \.Q7 3 oD cong la9E tCHn; tCea vi mac;. T;3=i gian tCuyeDncu>a vi mac; ;o "/A!- la= \_ n5 co9ng v3i t;3=i gian tCuyeDn ua ma>ng NO/ la= n5 do ot;3=i gian tCuyeDn cu>a vi mac; la= __ n5@ do=ng tie


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Hn; \.Q7 . 3 oD :;o8i cong la9E tCHn; "/A!- ^L7-.

QQ. o vi mac; L-A W Logic -ell ACCayX. o L-A 63c coa coa #L*. -a8u tCuc tCuyeDn t;o8ng cu>a cac ;o vi mac;#AL va= q#LA la= cac ma>ng AN* { O/. -ac cong la9E tCHn; co ca8u tCuc cu>a ;o L-A goi la= ca8utCuc la9E tCHn; c;o ng63=i 56> dung. $aBc bie9t la= tCong ca8u tao cu>a L-A@ ;o du=ng /A, o9ng etao Ca cac c;6c naPng logic t;eo yea cac te8 ba=o /A, o9ngt;63=ng :;o lai tCang t;ai ban aDu :;i ma8t ie9n. $e;oM tC3 c;o va8n eD na=y ;o 56> dung t;ea L-A 63c mo< ta> 3> ;Hn; \.Q@ bao goDm mo9t :;o8i !O bao uan; matCa9n cu>a :;o8i L-.

Trang 37


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Hn; \.Q. -a8u tCuc L-A

Lieng Qcong@ co 74 :;o8i !O cu=ng mo9t ma tCa9n QhQ tao Ca Q :;o8i -L. Vi mac; co cac

63=ng tJn ;ie9u hung cloc:@ tJn ;ie9u Ce5et aBc bie9t va= mac; tao dao o9ng t;ac; an; be dao o9ng bang t;ac; an; be50166>0F A5>A

016GCHI5AF>

81HC0 B810? C1 B810?

+ E

JC6

= J51H5AM 016F5188>+

MI8FCJ8>">5

FK

6go

:a

6go

va


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#;aDn meDm #LAN 63c co v6=a va= n;o>. #LAN la= mo9t ngon@ du=ng e t;6c ;ie9n cac bieu t;6c cu>a ai 5o8oolean va= co :;a> naPng giao tie8E v3i cac co dung giao die9n t63ng t6 n;6 E;aDn meDm #LAN n;6ng cu?ng co n;6?ng iem:;ac bie9t. "L* :;o naPng l6a c;on cac vi mac; la9E tCHn; n;6ng co :;a> naPng :iem tCa loMitong uat. Ngoa=i Ca "L* co=n ye dang tong cac tJc; W O#X.

_. #;aD meDm #L#L W#CogCammable Logic #CogCammi g La guageX. #L#L 63c co Co9ng ;3n

5o v3i E;aDn meDm A,Ar". N;6?ng aBc iem m3i n;6 c;o E;eE Kn; ng;Fa va= 56> dung cac c;aa vimac; c;o mo9t n;om tJn ;ie9u cu?ng n;6 56> dung cac E;63ng tCHn; cu>a ai 5o8 oolean. #L#L cu?ng ;oMtC3 cac E;63ng tCHn; E;6c taE co n;ieDu ca8E logic :;ac n;au. Ngoa=i Ca bo9 biea cactJc; do o c;o E;eE cu E;aE lin; ;oat ;3n.

. #;aD meDm A#""L WA55embleC oC #CogCammable "lectCically "Ca5able LogicX. Va=o naPm QR7@ -oo toa=n ma=n ;Hn; va= 3> ngo> Ca t;eo tiea"*"-. N;6ng :;uye8t iem cu>a bo9 bie


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R. #;aD meDm A"L WAdva ced oolea "hECe55io La guageX. A"L la= E;aDn meDm cu>a co dung ;aDu ;e8t cac loai vi mac; la9E tCHn;:;ac n;au :e ca> "#/O,. $a


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Gia>i t;Jc;'^ ' -;j ;oM tC3 c;o vi mac; do c;Jn; con hua8t.^^ ' oM tC3 c;o n;ieDu loai vi mac; la9E tCHn;.

Trang 42

01M

B

81HC

0 + K E

? 5

A6YGI60FC

161G )

;A5CAB8>

A6YGI60FC

161G )

;A5CAB8>


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!V G!1)! T!"U #AN ,", SNA/!O. #;aDn meDm ynaCio cu>a coo d63i dang 53 oD mac; logic ;oaBc bang ngoa ynaCio hua8t;ie9n n;6 ;Hn; d63i a


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aIt aDu 5oan t;a>o bang cac; c;on 5ouCce ] e n;6 ma=n ;Hn; d63i ao bang 53 oD bang cac; c;on c;ematic ;ay la9E tCHn; ngo


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,a=n ;Hn; 5oan t;a>o ngo


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,a=n ;Hn; 5oan t;a>o 53 oD mac; logic

TCe


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! #AN -()NG ()ng dung cu>a vi mac; 5o8 la9E tCHn; ;ie9n nay Ca8t E;o bie8n tCong cac 5a>n E;am con E;am tCong 5in; ;oat gia Hn; n;6' may giaBt@ be8E ie9n t6 o9ng@p do tCHn; o9 co=n ;an

c;e8 ne cu>a vi mac; 5o8 la9E tCHn; la= t;i coa #L*. au a


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Trang 49

K o boL t: linh ien


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Trang 50

3 oD mac; in


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Gi34i t;ie9u vi ma7c; la9E tCHn; cu>a co dung e la9E tCHn; mac; oDng ;oD ;ien t;K 5o8'

Vi mac; i# L! QQ la= vi mac; co ca8u tao t6= cac cong logic la9E tCHn; v3i ma9t o9tJc; ;3E :;oa>ng . cong' T;3=i gian tCH ;oa?n TEd f 7@_ n5 TaDn 5o8 ;oat o9ng mah f Q_, Vi mac; co 44 c;a #L-- Vi mac; co \ ngo? va=oCa do o co t;e 63c du=ng v3i n;ieDu 6ng dung :;ac n;au tCong cu=ngmo9t boaCd.

Trang 51

732#*###$#)#4##,#7

, 4 ) $ # 44 4) 4$ 4#

)2)3

)7),

))4

)))$

)#)*

$2

#3 #2 $* $# $$ $) $4 $ $, $7 $3

IspLSI 1016

PLCC44


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-;64c naPng ca4c c;aa !- i5E L! QQ

o8 t;6 t6 c;ai ma?@ va= ;ien t;K led 7 oan bang E;63ng E;aE uet. ,ac; oDng ;oD ;ie9n 5o8 co 4led' led ;ien t;K gi3= va= led ;ien t;K E;ut.

!-744 co c;6c naPng e9m a>o :e8t ;3E v3i ie9n tC3> /_.. /Q la=m mac; e9m e ;ien t;K.o8n T co c;6c naPng ieDu :;ien uet. ai nut n;a8n Q va= du=ng e ieDu c;jn; gi3= va= E;ut.

(u iem cu>a mac; ie9n na=y la='- -o Jt lin; :ie9n tCong mo9t boaCd do o mac; ie9n 3n gia>n t;ua9n l3i tCong vie9c :iem tCa :;i

co 56 co8 ;6 ;o>ng .- -om ang :e do du=ng E;63ng E;aE uet led.

Z;uye8t iem'

- -;6a ta9n dung ;e8t :;a> naPng ;oat o9ng cu>a vi mac; do c;j 56> dung co Q\ 63=ng va=o Ca.- *o vi mac; la9E tCHn; :;an ;ie8m tCe


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3 oD mac; logic cu>a mac; oDng ;oD ;ie9n 5o8.

Trang 53


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module giai matitle giai mainEut5 a@b@c@d Ein Q@@\@4

outEut5 aa@bb@cc@dd@ee@@gg Ein _@@7@@R@Q@QQi5tyEecomeuation5 aaf d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~

bb f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a

cc f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~

c~b~ dd f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a

ee f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a gg f d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~ d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~a d~c~b~end

Trang 56


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module count 4title dem mode 4con5tant5

c@h@E f . c . @ c. @ . E .

inEut5 ta:t @ uE @dn @C @ QR Ein Q@ @ \@ 4@ _ outEut5

@Q @ @\ Ein @ 7@ @ R i5tyEe Ceg euation5

W . c @ Q . c @ . c @ \ . c X fta:t count uE count don load R Ce5et 'f W W W uE dn X QR X~C Q 'f W W W uE~X Wdn X XQ ~QR X~C

'f W W WuE~~QX Wdn QX X ~QR X~C

\ 'f W W WuE~~Q~X Wdn QX X\ QR X~Cend

Trang 57


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#A%N !!!

Z"T LUAN

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Ze8t lua9`ua tuaDn n;a9n eD ta=i@ maBc du= :ie8n t;6c va= ta=i lie9u co ;an c;e8 n;6ng em a? co8 gaIng ;oa=n

t;a=n; ta9E lua9n vaPn ung t;3=i ;an eD Ca. `ua t;6c te8 :iem ng;ie9m@ "m co n;a9n het veD 6u :;uye8tiem cu>a eD ta=i.

(u iem cu>a mac; la='- ,ac; ie9n 3n gia>n Wc;j v3i \ !- 5o8 tCong mac;X@ deM t;6c ;ie9n@ deM :iem tCa cac lin; :ie9n

:;i gaBE 56 co8.- Vi mac; la9E tCHn; co t;e 6ng dung va=o n;ieDu com ang :e 5o8 l63ng !- tCong mo9t boaCd.- oat o9ng cu>a vi mac; a>m ba>o o9 tin ca9y@ c;Jn; hac.

Z;uye8t iem' *o vi mac; la9E tCHn; tCe


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TA&! L!"U TA, ZA2O] Giao tCHn; vi mac; 5o8 la9E tCHn; cu>a tac gia>' T;aDy TCaDn VaPn TCong.

] -3 53> :F t;ua9t ie9n t6> 5o8 Vu? $6c T;o dKc;.

] TCa c6u vi mac; 5o8 TTL va= -,O.

] Vi mac; 5o8 ta9E Q NguyeMn 6?u #;63ng.

] #CogCammable Logic *e5igneC 5 Guide /ogeC -. AloCd

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