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2 In pairs. Think of different contents

for the containers in Ex.1.

1 a can of beer

3 Write a–f in gures. Then choose the correct

alternative for each answer in The Consumer Quiz.

a nought b one point three

c a hundred and one d two million

e fourteen thousand, ve hundred and forty

f a hundred and twenty-ve thousand

4 1.32 In pairs. Compare your answers to the

quiz. Then listen and check.

2

3

9

8

6

10

12 13

VocabularyContainers and quantities

Start thinking

What do your parents usually buy at the supermarket?

What do you do with the boxes, bags and packets?

1 Choose words from the boxes to describe objects1–13 in the photos.

1 a can of fizzy drink

bottle kilo roll

carton can tube

tin box jar

packet tub bag

bar

chocolate tuna water

toothpaste jam crisps

margarine apples juice

zzy drink toilet paper

cheese washing powder

?

7

4

5

11

1Unit aims

Vocabulary ■ Containers and quantities ■ The environment

Grammar ■ much, many and lots of/a lot of ■ Dening relative clauses ■ Comparative and superlative adjectives

Communication ■ Talk about quantity ■ Make comparisons ■

Compare ideas for a present ■ Write an email to a newspaper

3Disposableworld

22

plusEveryday listening& speakingDiscussing how to be

green p.88

Culture & CLILSustainable

development

p.97 + VIDEO

Literature

Robinson Crusoe byDaniel Defoe

pp.106–107

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Grammarmuch, many and lots of / a lot of

5 Study the examples and complete the rules with

countable or uncountable.

How much chocolate do you eat?

How many kilometres do you drive?

They found out the answers to lots of questions.

Rules

much + 1… nouns

many + 2… nouns

a lot of/lots of + uncountable or3… nouns

Grammar Bank, Workbook pp.80–81

6 Complete the sentences with your ideas, using

(not) much, (not) many, and lots of/a lot of .

1 He’s very generous. He…2 This area is dangerous. There…

3 I’m bored of this town. There…

4 She isn’t very sociable, so she…

5 That country is very hot. There…

6 My parents always recycle…

7 Complete the questions with much or many. In

which questions can you use lots of /a lot of ?

1 Do you give people … presents?

2 How … chocolate do you eat?

3 How … cans of cola do you buy every week?

4 Do you drink … coffee?

5 How … TVs are there in your home?

6 How … kilometres do you travel a week?

7 Do you use … electricity?

8 Are there … mirrors in your house?

How to talk about quantity

8 1.33 Listen and study the key phrases.

Then ask and answer the questions in Ex.7.Think of more questions.

Key phrases

Countable Uncountable

a lot/lots a lot/lots

not many not much

a few a bit

one or two none

none

A Do you give people many presents?

B Yes, a few./No, not many. How about you?

Fast finishers

Imagine your parents leave you on your own for the

weekend. Write a shopping list for all the food and

drink you need.

How much chocolate do you eat in your

life? How many kilometres do you

drive? A team in the UK found out theanswers to lots of questions like this.

Guess the answers.

In Europe, an average person in an

average lifetime…

…gets … Christmas presents and

makes … friends. (1,700/628)

…owns … TV sets and … DVD

players. (4.8/9.8)

…uses … bottles of shampoo and …

bars of soap. (656/198)

…consumes … cows, … sheep and

… chickens. (1,201/21/4.5)

…eats … bars of chocolate and …

tins of baked beans, if the person is

British. That’s a lot of chocolate and

beans! (854/10,354)

…uses … litres of petrol in … different cars. (8/120,000)

…walks more than … kilometres

and drives more than … kilometres.

(720,000/24,000)

…uses … tubes of toothpaste and …

rolls of toilet paper. (276/4,239)

…drinks … cups of tea or coffee and

… bottles of wine. Not very healthy!

(1,694/74,802)

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23 Workbook pp.20–23

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3 Read the text again and write questions for

answers 1–8.

1 In New York.

2 Over a thousand.

3 Because he was unhappy about how much

rubbish people create.

4 Some people thought that he was crazy.

5 By bicycle.6 At a market.

7 A glass jar with a lid.

8 It was difcult for them, but they learnt a lot

from it and hope other people will too.

Talk about it

4 In pairs. Ask and answer the questions.

1 What do you think of the family’s experiment?

2 What do you think they found most difcultabout the experiment?

3 Would you try the experiment? Why?

4 What parts of the experiment are easy or

difcult?

5 Do you and your family have a big impact on

the environment?

Reading

Start thinking

How do humans make an impact on the environment?

How can we reduce that impact?

Study strategy prediction

1 Look at the photos and the title of the text. Then

guess if sentences 1–6 are true or false. Write T

or F.

The ‘No Impact’ Family…

1 lives in a big city.

2 uses a lot of electricity.

3 makes their own soap.

4 is interested in the environment.

5 prefers shopping at big supermarkets.

6 prefers not to use plastic bags or packets.

2 1.34 Listen and read. Check your answers to

Ex.1 and correct the false sentences.

?

The

Family

5

10

15

20

25

In the part of New York where Colin Beavan lives, the average familyuses more than 1,000 plastic containers from takeaway restaurants everyyear. A normal family also uses 572 plastic bags and creates 800 kg ofrubbish every year. These are statistics which shocked Colin. He’s a manwho likes a challenge, so he decided to try to become a real eco-warriorand reduce his family’s impact on the environment. That meant no TV, notaxis, no takeaway meals, and a lot of changes in the family’s routine.

For one year in the Beavans’ apartment there wasn’t a TV or a fridge, andthey only used one electric light to save electricity. In the bathroom thereweren’t any factory-made bottles of shampoo, rolls of toilet paper or bars ofsoap. They didn’t buy those things – they made them or used alternatives.Some people thought that he was crazy, but Colin explained that it is easy

to make things like soap and toothpaste, and there are alternatives to toiletpaper.

The family tried to create less rubbish and to use less electricity and fuel. Todo this, they travelled by bicycle and bought second-hand things for theirapartment. Their food came from a market so they could avoid packetsand boxes. They carried the food home in a basket rather than plastic bagsand they didn’t buy food products which came from more than 400 kmaway.

The Beavans also avoided takeaway food so they didn’t have to throwaway all the containers that it comes in, and Colin always carried a glass jar with a lid. Cafés where he bought takeaway coffee put it in his jarinstead of a disposable cup.

Colin admits that the experiment was tough for his family – he has adaughter that loves TV and shopping for toys! But it was an experiencethat they won’t forget, and when it finished they were fitter, happierand a little bit wiser. They hope that people who hear about it will startthinking about their own impact too.

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GrammarDefining relative clauses

7 Study the examples and complete the rules with

who, which, where and that .

These are statistics which shocked Colin.

He’s a man who likes a challenge.

He has a daughter that loves TV.It was an experience that they won’t forget.

Cafés where he bought coffee put it in his jar.

Rules ■ talking about people 1…/… ■ talking about things 2…/… ■ talking about places 3…

We can often omit which / that or who / that but NOT

when the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative

clause.


8 Complete the text with which, where and who.

Think globally – buy locally!

People 1… shop in supermarkets don’t usually think

about products’ origins. The farms 2… a lot of food is

produced are a long distance away. Food 3… arrives

from the other side of the world makes a big impact

on the environment because it’s put in boxes 4… go by

plane and then by truck. The supermarkets 5… it finally

arrives are often out of town, so people 6… use them

usually drive there. Things 7… come from local farms

don’t take a lot of fuel to transport, so customers 8…

buy local products help the environment.

9 Write ve sentences using words from the boxes.

Then compare your ideas in pairs.

The beach is a place where I have fun.

… is

a drink

a place

something

a persona programme

who

which

where

I admire.

I really like.

makes me happy.

makes me angry.I have fun.

Fast finishers

Write denitions for the words in the box, and ve

more words from this unit. Then test your partner.

customer neighbour takeaway food

toothpaste farmer fridge

Build your vocabulary compound nouns

5 Study the rules and complete the examples.

Rules ■ Some compound nouns are combinations of

noun + noun. ■ The rst noun describes the second noun.

a shopping bag a bag which you use for

shopping

a washing machine 1…

a New York apartment 2…

6 Match words 1–8 to a–h to make eight

compound nouns.

1 plastic a exam

2 strawberry b present

3 computer c bag

4 lm d game

5 Maths e light

6 cheese f ice cream

7 Christmas g star

8 electric h sandwich

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1Plastic/Cloth is one of the cheapest andmost common materials on the planet.Unfortunately it is also one of the worstthings for the 2environment/supermarkets

because it isn’t 3biodegradable/reusable and is 4healthy/toxic for animals.Rebecca Hoskins believes that it’s moreimportant to have a healthier world

instead of a cheaper, more5

disposable/alternative world. Today’s programmeexplains how Rebecca’s local beach becamea cleaner, better place after her6international/individual campaign.

Battle of the bags

Is the place where you live environmentallyfriendly? Choose the correct alternative and thenrank your town.

1 The streets are quite clean /very clean/quite dirty .

2 People here often/sometimes/never use recycled paper.

3 People here often use reusable orbiodegradable bags/sometimes use them/onlyuse disposable plastic bags.

4 The water and air here is never/sometimes/often polluted.

5 There are no/one or two/several factories whichproduce toxic emissions.

6 The town is quiet /a bit noisy /very noisy .

7 People here often/sometimes/never usealternative energy like solar or wind power.

8 In general this is an unhealthy /quite ahealthy /a very healthy place to live.

Rank your town:

✰✰✰ Very green

✰✰ Quite green

✰ Not very green

Vocabulary and listeningThe environment

Start thinking

Which things are environmentally unfriendly?

What do you do to help the environment? What else

could you do?

1 Look at the words and phrases in the How green

is your town? questionnaire. Find one pair of

synonyms and four pairs of opposites.

2 Write example sentences using six of the words

from Ex.1.

Cigarettes are very unhealthy.

3 Do the questionnaire in pairs. Then exchange

opinions in groups.

We gave our town three stars.One of the positive points about the town is that…

Also…

One of the negative points is that…

Another thing is that...

?

4 1.35 Guess the correct

alternative to complete the

article on the right aboutRebecca Hoskins’s environmental

campaign. Then listen and check.

5 1.36 Listen to the radio news

article and answer the questions.

1 Why was Rebecca upset?

2 How long can plastic remain in

the environment?

3 How can plastic be dangerous to

animals?

4 Who did Rebecca speak to inModbury?

5 How many shops in Modbury

now give people plastic bags?

How green is your town?

3

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Dictation

10 1.37 Listen and write the ve sentences.

Then discuss them in pairs. Are they true or

false for you?

How to make comparisons

11 1.38 Listen and study the key phrases. Then

discuss 1–4 in groups.

Key phrases

much (better) than…

a bit/a lot more (interesting) than…

not as (interesting) as…

twice/three times as (good) as…

A I think that Barcelona are the best football team.

B Yes, I agree. C I disagree. I think that Manchester United are

much better than Barcelona

1 team (good) 3 school subject (easy)

2 TV channel (interesting) 4 language (useful)

Fast finishers

Write sentences comparing people in your family.

GrammarComparative and superlative adjectives

6 Study the examples and complete the rules.

Plastic is one of the cheapest and most common

materials.

It’s more important to have a healthier world

instead of a cheaper, more disposable world.

Rules

Adjective Comparative Superlative

one-syllable

adjectives

cheap + er the + cheap

+ 1…

adjectives ending

consonant + -y

healthy + 2… the + healthy+ iest

long adjectives 3… +important

the + 4… + important


7 Find the correct sentence and correct the

mistakes in the other sentences.

1 London is noisier than my town.

2 The sea was more clean before.

3 Mexico City is most polluted city in the world.

4 It’s gooder now than it was before.

5 People are friendlier here.

8 Complete the text with the comparative or

superlative form of adjectives from the box.

bad dirty important

responsible clean interested

There are millions of tonnes of plastic in the sea. The

problem is getting 1… every year. One of the 2…,

most polluted beaches was near our town, but thanks

to the efforts of local people it is now 3… than it

was. Education is the 4… thing. People are 5… in the

environment now, and we must learn to be 6….

9 Write six sentences about the cities on the rightusing comparative and superlative adjectives,

some true and some false.

Then, in pairs, listen and guess if your partner’s

sentences are true or false.

A Amsterdam is the biggest city.

B False.

busy friendly crowded

polluted big dangerous

noisy environmentally friendly

Calcutta, India

London, England

Amsterdam, the Netherlands

Pronunciation Unit 3, Workbook pp.95–96

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Green Gifts

2 1.41 Listen and read the dialogue. Whatdoes Ashlee decide to buy for her father? Why?

Greg What are you looking at, Ashlee?

Ashlee I’m looking for a birthday present for my

dad.

Greg Oh, right. What kind of thing does he like?

Ashlee He’s into the environment, so he likes

things which are environmentally friendly.

Greg What about this solar-powered watch?

Ashlee That’s the most expensive thing on the

website! I need something which is a bit

cheaper.

Greg OK... I quite like this wallet made from

recycled belts. What do you think of that?

Ashlee Yes, that’s better, and it’s much more

practical.

Greg Great, that’s sorted, then. I hope he likes it.

Ashlee Yes. Thanks, Greg.

leeA

es

3 1.42 Listen and study the key phrases.Then practise the dialogue in pairs.

Key phrasesWhat kind of thing does (he) like?

I need something which is a bit (cheaper).

What do you think of that?

It’s much more (practical).

That’s sorted, then.

4 In pairs. Order a–d to make a mini-dialogue.

Practise the mini-dialogue. Then substitute the

words with words from the box and practise

the new mini-dialogue.

camping torch practical

smaller solar lamp

a … She’s into art. She likes things which

are colourful.b … What kind of thing does she like?

c … No, I prefer the bracelet. It’s much more

attractive, and it’s a bit cheaper, too.

d … What about this vase?

5 In pairs. Look at the dialogue in Ex.2 again.

Then substitute the words to practise new

dialogues with the people and products in

Ex.1.

6 In pairs. Talk about ideas for presents for yourfriends and family. Cover Ex.2 but use the key

phrases to help you.

A bag made from recycled crisppackets

B eco-clothing

C solar-powered mobilecharger

D solar-powered watch

Items on this page:

G r e a t

v a l u e !

Practical English

How to compare ideas for a present

1 Look at the products from the Green Gifts catalogue

and decide which things are good presents for...

a …a man who likes electronic gadgets.

b …a woman who’s interested in fashion.

E wallet made from recycledbelts

F wind-up radioA

B

C

E

FD

3

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Writing guide email to a newspaper

Task (150–200 words) Write an email to a newspaper about the trafc

problem in a city that you know, attaching a

photo of a trafc jam.

A Think and plan

Make notes about causes and solutions for

these problems. ■ There’s too much trafc. ■ There aren’t enough buses. ■ Not many people use bicycles/

public transport.

B Write

Use the key phrases and your notes.

Paragraph 1 Describe the situation

I’m writing because…

Paragraph 2 Causes and solutions

I think there are one or two reasons for this.

Paragraph 3 Conclusion

We’ve definitely got a problem here.

C Check

■ so and because ■ comparative and superlative adjectives ■ dening relative clauses

2 Study the key phrases. Then put them in the

order in which they appear in the email.

Key phrases First of all,…

I think there are one or two reasons for this.

In addition to that,…

I’m writing because…

This photo shows…

Language point so and because

3 Find examples of so and because from the email.

Then match 1–5 to a–e and join them with so or

because.

1d – I went to the shops because we needed someshampoo.

1 I went to the shops a bicycles are better.

2 Cars pollute the b I didn’t want to

environment, read it.

3 There isn’t much c I haven’t got any

water, money.

4 I can’t buy a d we needed some

present shampoo.

5 I gave Tina the e please don’t drink

magazine too much.6 I didn’t have f there aren’t many

lunch bins.

7 There’s a lot of g I was hungry.

rubbish

Writing

How to write an email to a newspaper

1 Read the email and answer the questions.

1 What is the problem that Aleeza is writing

about?

2 What does she suggest to improve the situation?3 Find the dening relative clauses in the email.

4 How do you say the words in your language?

Clean our beach

I’m writing because I was at the beach with some

friends last weekend and the amount of rubbish

there was unbelievable. This photo shows the

bottles, cans and other rubbish that we found. This

is definitely the worst beach in the area for litter.

I think there are one or two reasons for this. First of

all, the people who come to the beach obviously

don’t see this as a problem, so perhaps we need

clearer signs or people who patrol the area. In

addition to that, there’s only one bin where you

can put your rubbish, so I think we need more.

We’ve definitely got a problem here. Maybe

some people aren’t worried about this, but I think

we need to do something about this situation now

if we want a beach which is cleaner and more

attractive.

Aleeza Patel

5

10

15

3

Workbook pp.XX, XX 29 Workbook pp.24–27

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Grammar Unit 34 Find the correct sentence and correct the

mistakes in the other sentences.

1 There are much problems in the world because

of pollution.

2 That’s the café who I told you about.

3 Parts of Africa are more dry than in the past.

4 A lot people recycle their rubbish now.

5 Karen is someone which knows a lot about the

environment.

6 I think roses are the beautifulest owers.

7 Zaragoza is a city which I feel at home.

8 Have we got many rice in the cupboard?

9 Josh is the most friendly person I know.

10 Do you eat much chocolate?

11 Global warming is a badder problem than many

people think.

12 I need a few money to buy a present for mybrother.

Grammar Units 1–35 Write the correct form of the verb or choose the

correct alternative to complete the email.

Hello!

Dear Fred,

I 1… (get) your email this morning. Thanks! 2… (be)

you at your cousins’ house now? You 3… (not say).

At the moment we 4… (stay) at my grandmother’s in

Brighton. I 5… (love) it here. I think it’s the 6goodest/

best place to spend a holiday. We 7… (go) to the beach

every day. We 8… (be) there earlier and there 9… (be)

a lot of people! We 10sometimes/hardly ever 11… (take)

a picnic. But today we 12… (eat) in a café 13that/whosells the 14 most fantastic/fantasticest pizzas in England.

But my grandmother tells me to eat 15healthy/healthily ,

so I 16… (not go) there very often. She 17… (give) me

18lots of/much advice!!

I 19never/occasionally 20… (go) to town with the boy21which/who lives next door. Yesterday we 22… (go) toa great shop 23where/that sells the 24coolest/most cool

T-shirts. Anyway, write and tell me your news!

Oscar

Grammar Unit 11 Complete the sentences with the Present simple or

Present continuous form of the verb in brackets.

1 My brother … volleyball every Friday. (play)

2 What … of my new jacket? (you/think)3 We … where Liam is. (not know)

4 My dad sometimes … me shing. (take)

5 … the party? (you/enjoy)

6 He … watching lms on TV. (not like)

7 I hardly ever … shy. (feel)

8 What time …? (the lm/start)

9 We … in the right seats. (not sit)

10 Look – Saskia … because James … her.

(sulk, tease)

2 Rewrite the sentences with the adverb of theword in brackets in the correct position.

1 That woman often stares at strangers. (rude)

2 Maria always speaks in the school debates.

(condent)

3 Are you thinking of buying a new MP3 player?

(serious)

4 He doesn’t always behave. (sensible)

5 Listen. I’ve got something to tell you. (careful)

Grammar Unit 23 Choose the correct alternative.

1 A Where was/were you born?

B I am/was born in Leeds.

2 A What did you watch/were you watching on

TV yesterday?

B I didn’t/don’t watch TV yesterday.

3 A What lm did you see/were you seeing last

night?

B I saw/was seeing the latest Twilight movie.

4 A Where did you go/were you going when Imet/was meeting you yesterday?

B We went/were going to the dentist.

5 A Who was/were your favourite pop group

when you was/were nine?

B I wasn’t having/didn’t have a favourite group

when I was nine.

6 A Where was/were your teacher last week?

B She was/were at a conference.

7 A Who did speak you/were you speaking to?

B My mum. She buys/’s buying me some new

clothes.

1–3 Consolidation

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Vocabulary Units 1–36 Find 13 more adjectives describing character

and personality and 6 verbs describing

communication and attitude. Look , and .

a c o n f i d e n t g s p

f h c d b r a s b o t u l

s e m r e r l o o l p l ue e c e y x a y w e r k n

n r f m a r u v u r a i a

s f n r q n g p e a c m i

i u o n i b h c z n t i v

b l s u s e n s i t i v e

l e y o d m n j h l c k h

e r y t h z i d v y a j e

s e r i o u s l l e l o u

e t e a s e g b e y n k m

s d e t e r m i n e d e p

7 Copy and complete the table with words from

the box.

sitcom bottle biodegradable audience

recycled presenter talent show the news

viewer packet game show reusable

bag chat show participant box

can character

People TVprogrammes

Environmentadjectives

Containers

Collocations

8 Choose the correct collocation. Sometimes more

than one answer is possible.

1 Heath Ledger was a famous lm player/actor/

star .

2 My aunt has a huge collection of jam jars/ bottles/cans.

3 The model is dark-haired/pale-skinned/pale-

haired.

4 We need some washing powder/soap/paste.

5 Shops give out too many plastic shopping bags/

containers/rubbish.

6 It’s good to be open-minded/short-sighted/warm-

hearted.

7 Can you tell me where the tourist ofce/present/

shop is please?

8 My father hates reality shows/programmes/ entertainment .

Cumulative revision Units 1–3

9 Write the words in the correct order to make

questions. Omit one word each time.

1 studying the subjects which this you are

year ?

2 ever tease do your you friends have ?

3 news often game do watch shows you ?

4 cheese eat how do week always much you a ?

5 you talk the in condently can English ?

6 before was chatting you this were to who

lesson ?

7 last happened the episode in what the of

drama series has ?

8 doing at last the what you 10 night o’clock

were ?

9 the world city of is biggest in what the ?

10 friendliest most in who is class the personthe ?

10 In pairs. Ask and answer the questions in

Ex.9.

Translation

11 Translate the review.

Television is usually worse in the summer than inthe winter. There are a lot of old programmes and

not many are really interesting. TV companies don’tput on new shows and drama series while most ofthe audience are sitting on the beach. However,

yesterday was an exception. I was changing channelswith the remote control when I found that Channel 4was showing the Disney film Wall-E. This is a storyabout pollution and the damage we are doing usingdisposable goods, but it’s also a love story betweenthe generous Wall-E and practical Eve.

How to use your English12 Write three dialogues starting with the

sentences or questions below. Write ve more

sentences to complete each dialogue using the

key phrases section (Workbook pp.108–109) to

help you. Then practise your dialogues in pairs.

1 A I got really bad results in my Maths exam!

I don’t know what to do.

B …

2 A In my opinion there are too many reality

shows on TV.

B …

3 A Can you help me choose a present for my

mum?

B …

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switch off walk to school cheapercycling environmentally friendly car sharing

Alice So, why don’t we 1… tomorrow? What

do you think?

Rob I’m not sure. It’s a long way.

Alice But it’s greener than the bus, and it’s2…!

Rob Well, all right, but I reckon 3… is

quicker. Let’s go for that.

Alice OK. My parents are trying to be greener

too. My mum does 4… with a work

colleague, and at home we always 5…

the lights when we leave the room.

Rob Good idea. Hey, how about reusing old

bags when we go shopping? It’s more6… than getting a new plastic bag each

time.

Alice I like the idea of that – and it’s easy!

5 1.45 Listen to the key phrases.

Key phrases

Why don’t we (walk)? I think/I reckon…

How about (reusing bags)? I like the idea of that.

What do you think? Let’s go for that.

I’m not sure.

How to use your English

6 In pairs. You want to be greener. Discuss andcompare the ideas in Ex.1 and decide which

things you will or won’t try to do, and why.

Use Ex.4 and the key phrases to help you.

Discussing how to be green

1 Match the photos (1–6) to the ‘green’ actions inthe box.

recycle rubbish use less packaging

save electricity save water

walk or cycle to school

use local shops and products

2 1.43 Jake and his sister Sarah are thinkingof ways to be greener. Listen. Which actions in

Ex.1 do they mention?

3 1.43 Listen again. True or false? Write Tor F.

1 Sarah and Jake’s family already recycle all theirrubbish.

2 Small shops use less packaging than

supermarkets.

3 Supermarkets are more expensive than local

shops.

4 Jake and Sarah usually switch off the computer

at night.

5 Sarah has a shower every day.

6 A shower uses less water than a bath.

4 1.44 Alice and Rob are chatting. Completethe dialogue with the phrases from the box.

Listen and check. Then practise the dialogue in

pairs.

1

2

5

4

6

3

88 Go back to Unit 3

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Sustainable development

1 What is your carbon footprint? Choose thecorrect denition, a or b.

a The quantity of carbon dioxide emissions

that you produce when you travel by car or

aeroplane.

b The total quantity of carbon dioxide emissions

that all your day-to-day activities produce in

one year.

2 1.46 Read and listen to the text aboutsustainable development, and check your

answers.

3 Read the text again and answer the questions.

1 Who met at the Earth Summit? Why?

2 What is ‘sustainable development’?

3 What is the idea behind Local Agenda 21?

4 Who needs to contribute to make it effective?

5 What can local councils do?

6 What can supermarkets and shoppers do?

Talk about it

4 In pairs. Talk about things at your school whichhave a negative impact on the environment.

What can you do to improve this negativeimpact? Make a list of problems and solutions.

Think about the things in the box.

rubbish and recycling

leaving lights/computers switched on

green areas leaving water taps on

travelling to school using paper

5 Use your answers from Ex.4 to write a text(150–200 words) about the negative impact

your school has on the environment, and whateveryone in the school could do to reduce it.

In 1992, the leaders of more than 100 countries metat the Earth Summit, a United Nations conference in

Rio de Janeiro. They discussed issues which affect the

environment, such as pollution and poverty, and talked

about possible solutions. They adopted a global strategy

for ‘sustainable development’. This means economic

and social development which doesn’t destroy the

environment. One of the most important parts of their

strategy is ‘Local Agenda 21’.

The idea behind Local Agenda 21 (21 refers to the 21st

century) is that if a lot of people do small things locally,

they can have a big impact nationally, and an even bigger

impact globally. For example, if only a few people take

the bus to work rather than drive, it doesn’t make much

difference. However, if millions of people across the world

do it, the difference is huge.

Everything we do has an impact on the environment. Wecan measure this by calculating the carbon dioxide we

generate just by our daily activities. This is our ‘carbon

footprint’. Local Agenda 21 encourages a collective

responsibility towards the environment. For it to be

effective, everyone in a community needs to work together

to reduce their carbon footprint – at home, at school or at

work. Local councils need to provide good facilities such

as recycling and public transport, and people need to use

them. People need to switch off lights, computers and TVs

when they aren’t using them. Supermarkets need to use

less packaging and shoppers need to stop using plastic

bags.

If everyone plays a small part, they can make their local

area cleaner and less polluted, and protect the global

environment. Small actions really can change the world!

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3Culture & CLIL

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Talk about it

4 In pairs. Imagine you are Robinson Crusoe andyou have just arrived on a desert island. What

are the rst things you do?

5 Read what happens next and compare youranswers to Ex.4.

Who visits the island from time to time? Why?

The next day, Robinson

Crusoe swims to the ship

and takes food and

supplies from it, includingknives, sails1 and guns.

Back on land, he makes a

shelter2 and learns how to

kill animals and survive.

After many years, he starts

to see footprints3

occasionally. Then hediscovers that the

footprints belong to ‘wild

men’ who sometimes visit the island and bring

prisoners4. They have ceremonies, kill their prisoners

and then eat them before leaving the island again.At first Robinson Crusoe is frightened, but he is also

very lonely so he thinks of a plan.1sails – strong material which, using the wind, moves a

ship2shelter – a structure which gives protection3footprints – the shape a foot makes in sand4prisoners – people who are captured and are not free

6 4.04 Listen to the next part of the story.What does Robinson Crusoe plan to do? Why?

Listen again and answer the questions.

1 How long does Robinson Crusoe wait before he

sees the boats?

2 How many ‘wild men’ come in the boats?

3 What does one of the prisoners do?

4 How many men run after the prisoner?

5 What do Robinson Crusoe and the prisoner do

to the men?

6 Why does Robinson Crusoe call the prisoner

‘Man Friday’?

Writing

7 Imagine you are on a desert island. You can haveve things, including one person. Who or what

would you take, and why? Write 150–200 words.

Robinson Crusoe — Daniel Defoe

Start thinking

1 Read about Daniel Defoe. Think about other stories

you know about people being alone in a strange

place. What is the name of the story and what

happens?

2 Read the Background to the story on p.107. How do

you think Robinson Crusoe ends up on an island

alone?

About the author

Daniel Defoe

Born: 1660 in London, England

Died: 1731

Important works: Robinson Crusoe (1719), Moll Flanders (1722)

Did you know? Daniel Defoe was one of the first authorsto write a modern novel in English, and Robinson Crusoe has

influenced many other stories and generations of writers.The story of Robinson Crusoe is thought to be based on the

true adventures of Scottish sailor Alexander Selkirk, who

spent four years alone on an island in the Pacific. In 1966,

this island, one of the Islas Juan Fernández, was renamed

Robinson Crusoe Island.

1 4.03 Read and listen to the extract. Checkyour answer to Start thinking, question 2.

2 Read the extract again and put the events (a–h)in the correct order (1–8).

a … The ship hits sand.

b … The boat turns over.

c … Robinson Crusoe sleeps in a tree.

d … Robinson Crusoe sees that there are no other

survivors.

e … Robinson Crusoe decides to go to Africa.

f … The sailors abandon the ship in a small boat.

g … There is a terrible storm.

h … The water carries Robinson Crusoe to

the island.

3 Find the words in the extract which mean thefollowing:

1 spaces, openings (L.11) …

2 not calm or at (L.18) …

3 the land beside the sea (L.23) …

4 destroyed (L.30) …

5 not domesticated (L.35) …

?

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Background to the story…

Robinson Crusoe was born in York in England in 1632. From a young

age he wants to become a sailor. On one of his first voyages1 he is

taken by Turkish pirates and he becomes a slave. After two years he

escapes and he is rescued2 by a Portuguese ship on its way to Brazil.

The captain takes Robinson with them.

Robinson Crusoe

I stayed in Brazil and worked hard or some years. By

then I was rich … but also bored. One day some riends

came to me and said, ‘We’re going to Arica to do business.

Why don’t you come with us? We’ll all be rich afer this

journey!’

How stupid I was! I had an easy, comortable lie in Brazil,

but, o course, I agreed. And so, in 1659, I went to sea

again.

At rst, all went well, but then there was a terrible storm3.

For twelve days the wind and the rain didn’t stop. We lost

three men in the sea, and soon the ship had holes in its

sides. ‘We’re all going to die this time,’ I said to mysel.

Ten one morning one o the sailors saw land, but the

next minute our ship hit some sand just under the sea. Te

ship could not move and we were really in danger now.

Te sea was trying to break the ship into pieces, and we

had very little time. Quickly, we put a boat into the sea

and got off the ship. But the sea was very rough and our

little boat could not live or long in that wild water.

Hal an hour later the angry sea turned our boat over and

we were all in the water. I looked round or my riends,

but I could see nobody. I was alone.

Tat day I was lucky, and the sea carried me to the shore.

I could not see the land, only mountains o water all

around me. Ten, suddenly, I elt the ground under my

eet. Another mountain o water came, pushed me up the

beach, and I ell on the wet sand.

At rst I was very thankul to be alive. Slowly, I got to my

eet and went higher up the shore. From there, I looked

out to sea. I could see our ship, but it was wrecked and

there was nobody near it. Tere was nobody in the water.

All my riends were dead. I was alive, but in a strange wild

country, with no ood, no water, and no gun.

It was dark now and I was tired. I was araid to sleep on

the shore. Perhaps there were wild animals there. So I

went up a tree and I stayed there all night.

From Robinson Crusoe, Oxford Bookworms Library.Retold by Diane Mowat.

Glossary1voyage – a long journey by sea2rescued – saved from danger3storm – very bad weather with strong winds and rain

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