unit 2: three worlds meet - new york university · 2010-05-13 · darft_5_15_10 albetac social...

Darft_5_15_10

ALBETAC Social Studies Bilingual Study Notes – Gr. 4

第二单元: 三个世界的交会 Unit 2: Three Worlds Meet

2.1 纽约州主要的探险家

2.2 探险对于社会文化，经济，政治和地理的影

响

2.3 殖民时期的奴隶交易和奴隶制度

2.4 迁移到纽约地方区域和深入纽约州的人群

2.5 人们依赖和改变他们地理环境的方式

2.1 Major explorers of New York State

2.2 Impact of exploration-social/cultural,

economic, political, and geographic.

2.3 The slave trade and slavery in the

colonies

2.4 Groups of people who migrated to our

local region and into our State.

2.5 Ways that people depended on and

modified their physical environment

单元大纲 Unit Overview

在早期 1400 年到 1600 年，许多欧洲国家想要探

索世界。他们想要再找到一条到中国的替代路

线并发掘北美和南美洲的天然资源。这些欧洲探

险家包括亨利哈德逊(Henry Hudson)，乔万尼达韦

拉札诺(Giovanni Da Verrazano)和塞谬尔德尚普兰

(Samuel de Champlain)。因為探险家发现了新的

土地，许多欧洲人便在新发现的土地上定居下

来。他们必须做许多的改变来适应新的环境。他

们的迁移对美洲大陆影响甚巨。同时，欧洲定居

者也将奴隶制度带到了这块新大陆上来。

In the early 1400’s to 1600’s, many

European countries wanted to explore the

world. They wanted to find an alternate

route to travel to China and to find natural

resources in North and South America.

Some of the European explorers were Henry

Hudson, Giovanni da Verrazano, and Samuel

de Champlain. As the explorers discovered

new lands, many Europeans settled in the

newfound land. They had to make many

changes to adjust to the new environment.

Their migration affected America

tremendously. At the same time, European

settlers also introduced slavery to the

newfound land.

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第二单元：三个世界 (欧洲、美洲，非洲) 的交

会

Unit 2: Three Worlds (Europe, The Americas,

Africa) Meet

关键问题：

三种不同的文化如何互动并且相互影响？

Essential Question:

How did three diverse cultures interact and

affect each other?

2.1 主要观念：

纽约州主要的探险家。

2.1 Key Idea:

Major explorers of New York State.

词汇：

1. 探险家 2. 交易 3. 航行者 4. 港口

5. 殖民地

Vocabulary & Phrases: 1. explorers 2. trading 3. voyager 4. harbor

5. colony

摘要：

在早期 1400 年到 1600 年，许多欧洲国家想要

探索世界。他们想要再找到一条到中国的替

代路线并发掘北美和南美洲的天然资源。这些

欧洲探险家包括亨利哈德逊(Henry Hudson)，乔

万尼达韦拉札诺(Giovanni Da Verrazano)和塞谬

尔德尚普兰(Samuel de Champlain)。因为探险

家发现了新的土地，许多欧洲人便在新发现的

土地上定居下来。他们必须做许多的改变来适

应新的环境。他们的迁移对美洲大陆的影响非

常大。同时，欧洲定居者也将奴隶制度带到这

块新大陆上来。

Summary:

In the early 1400’s to 1600’s, many European

countries wanted to explore the world. They

wanted to find an alternate route to travel to

China and to find natural resources in North

and South America. Some of the European

explorers were Henry Hudson, Giovanni da

Verrazano, and Samuel de Champlain. As the

explorers discovered new lands, many

European settled in the newfound land. They

had to make many changes to adjust to the new

environment. Their migration affected

America tremendously. At the same time,

European settlers also introduced slavery to the

newfound land.

內容:

克里斯托弗・哥伦布

1942 年，克里斯托弗・哥伦布开始了他的第一

次航行。他想要发现一条更容易到达东方路线

来做商品交易。他带领了三艘船去航行：尼纳

(Nina)、平达(Pinta)和圣塔玛丽亚 (Santa

Maria)。三艘船上运载了大约 120人、装备，

和必需品。哥伦布从西班牙(Spain)出发，于

1942 年 10月 21日在圣萨尔瓦多海岛(San

Salvador)登陆。之后，哥伦布前后又有三次航

行。每次航行都使他发现不同的国家。这些国

家包括牙买加(Jamaica)、波多黎各(Puerto

Rico）、委内瑞拉（Venezuela）和中美洲海岸

（Central America Coast）。

哥伦布发现新大陆的消息传遍了整个欧洲。但

是没有任何人可以确定他到底发现了什么。西

Content:

Christopher Columbus

In 1492, Christopher Columbus began his first

voyage. He wanted to discover an easier route

to travel to the East for the purpose of trading.

He traveled with three ships: the Nina, the

Pinta and the Santa Maria. The three ships

carried about 120 men, equipment and

supplies. Columbus set sail from Spain and

landed on the island of San Salvador on

October 21, 1942. Columbus had three more

voyages afterward. Each voyage led him to

discover different countries. Some of the

countries are Jamaica, Puerto Rico, Venezuela,

and the Central American coast.

News of Columbus’s discovery quickly spread

across Europe. Yet no one was sure exactly

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班牙(Spain)派出更多的人前往哥伦布抵达的地

点做更深入的探险。法国(France)，英国

(England)，葡萄牙(Portugal)和荷兰

(Netherlands)也都相继遣派船只前往探险。

乔万尼・达・韦拉札诺

法国国王想要知道哥伦布航行的北边是什么地

带。因此于 1524年他派一位意大利探险家，乔

万尼・达・韦拉札诺(Giovanni da Verrazano)

去找寻答案。韦拉札诺抵达大西洋岸，即是现

在的南卡罗莱纳州(South Carolina)。韦拉札

诺继续往北行进。1524年四月，他航行进入纽

约海湾(New York Bay)。然后他带领一些人员

乘坐小船继续往前探险。欧洲人和印第安人的

第一次接触很短暂。大风迫使韦拉札诺的小船

转向回到他的航船并离开纽约海湾。乔万尼达

韦拉札诺(Giovanni da Verrazano)是第一位抵

达纽约的欧洲人。

塞谬尔・德・尚普兰

塞谬尔・德・尚普兰(Samuel de Champlain)是

一位法国探险家。他发现北美洲的东北部和尚

普兰湖 (Lake Champlain 这个湖以他命名)。

1608 年，尚普兰带领由 32 位殖民者组成的队

伍在魁北克 (Quebec)定居，建立了一个毛皮交

易中心。不幸的是，在魁北克(Quebec)的第一

个冬天，只有九位殖民存活下来。接下来的夏

天有更多的定居者来到魁北克。1609 年，尚普

兰和休伦族印地安人(Huron Indian) 交好。他

帮助他们与伊洛郭依族人(Iroquois)交战。尚

普兰负责管理魁北克定居地多年。1629年 7

月，英国攻击魁北克并拿下魁北克要塞

(fort)。1632 年法国和英国建立和平条约以

后，魁北克再次回到法国统治之下。1633年，

尚普兰恢复了他总督的位置。

what he had discovered. Spain sent more

people to explore the land Columbus had

reached. Then France, England, Portugal and

the Netherlands sent their ships.

Giovanni da Verrazano

The king of France wanted to know what lay

north of where Columbus sailed. So in 1524

he sent an Italian explorer named Giovanni da

Verrazano to find out. Verrazano reached the

Atlantic coast of what is now South Carolina.

Then he began to go north. In April 1524,

Verrazano sailed into New York Bay. Then he

and a few of his men went out in a small boat

to explore. The first meeting between

Europeans and Native Americans in New York

was short. The wind caused Verrazano to

return to his ship and sail out of New York

Bay. Giovanni da Verrazano was the first

European to reach New York.

Samuel de Champlain

Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer

who discovered Northeastern North America

and Lake Champlain (named after him). In

1608, Champlain led a team of 32 colonists to

settle in Quebec in order to estabish a fur-

trading center. Unfortunately only nine

colonists survied the first winter in Quebec.

The following summer more settlers came to

Quebec. In 1609, Champlain became friendly

with the Huron Indians. He helped them fight

the Iroquois. Champlain was in charge of the

Quebec settlement for many years. In July

1629, the English attacked Quebec and took

over the fort at Quebec. After a French-British

peace treaty in 1632, Quebec was ruled by the

French again. Champlain resumed his position

as the governor in 1633.

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亨利・哈德逊

几乎与塞谬尔・德・尚普兰(Samuel de

Champlain)发现到尚普兰湖的同时，另一位欧

洲探险家也抵达纽约。亨利・哈德逊(Henry

Hudson)是替荷兰交易公司做事的英国籍船长。

他驾驶他的小船，半月号(Half Moon)从荷兰启

航。

1609 年 9月，亨利・哈德逊航行进入纽约海

湾。不同於韦拉札诺(Verrazano)的是，哈德逊

的船航行进入哈德逊河(Hudson River)的深

处。他希望这条河能够是一条可以穿越大陆的

通道。这样一来，他便可以一路航行到亚洲。

当半月号(Half Moon)沿著河往上航行，哈德逊

遇到许多印第安人。哈德逊和他的船员以珠

子，刀，斧头跟印第安人交换食物和毛皮。

半月号(Half Moon)往北航行，远达现今的奥伯

尼市(Albany)。那里，河水太浅，哈德逊被强

迫转向回头。半月号(Half Moon)因此回到欧

洲。

亨利・哈德逊的航行造成的结果是，荷兰宣称

拥有哈德逊河沿岸的所有土地。

Henry Hudson

At almost the same time that Samuel de

Champlain was exploring Lake Champlain,

another European explorer had arrived in New

York. Henry Hudson was an English sea

captain who worked for a Dutch trading

company. He set sail from the Netherlands in

his small ship, the Half Moon.

In September 1609, Henry Hudson sailed into

New York Bay. Unlike Verrazano, Hudson

sailed up the deep Hudson River. He hoped

that this river might be a passage through the

continent. If it was, he could sail all the way to

Asia. As the Half Moon traveled up the river,

Hudson met many Native Americans. Hudson

and his crew traded beads, knives, and hatchets

with them for food and furs.

The Half Moon sailed as far north as present-

day Albany. Here, the river became too

shallow for his ship, and Hudson was forced to

turn back. The Half Moon returned to Europe.

As a result of Henry Hudson’s voyage, the

Dutch claimed all the land along the Hudson

River.

复习：

1. 谁是第一位发现纽约港口的欧洲探险

家？

2. 亨利・哈德逊(Henry Hudson)探险的目

的是什么？

3. 为什麼克里斯托弗・哥伦布

(Christopher Columbus)在 1942年出

航？

4. 塞谬尔・德・尚普兰(Samuel de

Champlian)在哪裡定居下来？他如何帮

助休伦族印地安人(Huron Indian)？

Review:

1. Who was the first European explorer to

discover New York harbor?

2. What was the purpose of Henry Hudson’s

exploration?

3. Why did Christopher Columbus set sail in

1492?

4. Where did Samuel Champlain settle?

How did he help the Huron Indians?

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会


Africa) Meet

关键问题：


Essential Question: How did three diverse cultures interact and

affect each other?

2.2 主要观念：

探险对於社会文化，经济，政治和地理的影响 2.2 Key Idea:

Impact of explorations – social/cultural,

economic, political, and geographic

词汇：

1. 奴隶制 2. 毛皮交易 3. 残忍，不人道

4. 宗教容忍 5. 人口

Vocabulary & Phrases: 1. slavery 2. fur trading 3. inhuman

4. religious toleration 5. population

摘要：

克里斯・托弗哥伦布 (Christopher Columbus)

于 1492为了搜寻一条到中国的新海路而到达美

洲，她为许多其他欧洲探险家开启了一扇大

门。乔万尼・达・韦拉札诺(Giovanni Da

Verrazano)，亨利・哈德逊(Henry Hudson)，

和塞谬尔・德・尚普兰(Samuel de Champlain)

是发掘纽约各个不同地带的一些探险家。他们

的发现对美洲、欧洲和非洲带来绝大的冲

击。

Summary: When Christopher Columbus landed in

America in 1492 while searching for a new sea

route to China, he opened a door for many

other European explorers. Giovanni da

Verrazano, Henry Hudson, and Samuel de

Champlain were some of the explorers who

discovered different areas of New York State.

Their discovery led to a deep impact on the

Americas, Europe, and Africa.

內容:

1492 年克里斯托弗・哥伦布(Christopher

Columbus)在美洲登陆之后，许多其他的欧洲探

险家也想开拓到亚洲的捷径。1524年，乔万尼

・达・韦拉札诺(Giovanni Da Verrazano)是进

入纽约港口的第一位欧洲探险家。1609 年，亨

利・哈德逊(Henry Hudson)成为将船航行进入

哈得逊河(Hudson River)的第一个欧洲人。塞

谬尔・德・尚普兰(Samuel de Champlain) 也

成为了第一个穿越纽约上州的法国探险家。欧

洲的探险对美洲、欧洲和非洲带来强烈的冲

击。许多印第安人死于欧洲带进来疾病。当欧

洲定居者停留在美洲后, 也同时建立起许多欧

洲权力。殖民地的建立被称为“新世界“(New

World)。

為了提供劳工到煤矿场和田地工作，许多由非

洲俘虏而来的人被强迫地带到美洲。欧洲人对

待他们像奴隶一般，将他们送往不同的地方工

作。接下来的 300 年当中，超过 2000万个非

洲人经由奴隶贩子被带入美国。当横渡大西洋

Content:

After Christopher Columbus landed in

America in 1492, many other European

explorers also wanted to find a shorter route to

Asia. In 1524, Giovanni da Verrazano was the

first European explorer to enter New York

harbor. In 1609, Henry Hudson became the

first European to sail up the Hudson River.

Samuel de Champlain also became the first

French explorer to travel through upstate New

York. European exploration had a deep impact

on America, Europe and Africa. Many Native

Americans died from the diseases that were

brought by the Europeans. As many European

settlers stayed in America, several European

powers were established. The establishment of

these colonies was called the “New World”.

In order to provide labor to work in mines and

fields, many captives from Africa were

forcefully brought to the America. They were

treated as slaves to work in different fields. For

the next 300 years, over 20 million Africans

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时，许多非洲人因为船上恶劣的环境和不人道

的待遇而死亡。许多人像货物一样被卖到西印

度群岛(West Indies)、北美洲(North

America)和巴西(Brazil)去作苦工。

荷兰人在哈德逊(Hudson)的探险以后建立了他

自己的殖民地,称為“新荷兰“(New

Netherland).他们在欧瑞吉堡(Fort Orange 现

今的阿尔巴尼 Albany)和新阿母斯特丹(New

Amsterdam 现今的曼哈顿 Manhattan) 开发了城

镇和社区。新的定居者来到殖民地，期望展开

新的生活。有些为了耕作而来，有些为了交易

而来。欧瑞吉堡(Fort Orange) 一带是新荷兰

最重要的毛皮交易地带。到了春天，印第安人

会驾着载满鹿，貂和海狸皮的独木舟来到欧瑞

吉堡(Fort Orange)，和荷兰人交换物品，例如

布料，刀器，铁锅，铁斧头，和枪支。

1647 年彼得・史帝文生(Peter Stuyvesant)被

任命为和新阿母斯特丹(New Amsterdam)的总督

。他制定新的法律让生活更安全，而安全和更

好的生活为新阿母斯特丹(New Amsterdam)带来

更多的定居者。到了 1600 年，一万多人在附近

的镇市定居。然而，史帝文生的法令太过严

苛，大部份的殖民者都不喜欢他。

1664 年，史帝文生被强迫向英国投降。英国没

有发一颗子弹便把新荷兰拿下来。

荷兰政府对纽约州有过巨大的影响。荷兰人坚

持以宗教宽容作为他们的投降的条件。英国接

管了新荷兰之后，仍是允许人民奉行他们自己

的宗教。荷兰食物例如凉拌卷心菜

(coleslaw)，甜甜圈(doughnuts)和鸡蛋饼

(waffles)至今仍是非常普遍的。许多荷兰大厦

和地名能也可以在纽约市看见。例如，布鲁

克林(Brooklyn)，哈林(Harlem),和圣诞老人

were brought to America by slave traders.

While crossing the Atlantic Ocean, many

Africans died due to the terrible and inhuman

conditions on the boat. Many of them were

sold like pieces of property to the West Indies,

North America, and Brazil and worked in hard

labor.

The Dutch established their own colony after

Hudson’s exploration which they called “New

Netherlands”. They developed towns and

communities at Fort Orange (now Albany) and

New Amsterdam (now Manhattan). New

settlers came to the colony hoping to start a

new life. Some settlers came to farm, others

came to trade fur. The area around Fort

Orange was the most important area in New

Netherlands for fur trading. In the springtime,

Native Americans would come to Fort Orange

in canoes filled with deer, mink, and beaver

skins. They traded with the Dutch for such

items as cloth, knives, metal pots, metal axes,

and guns.

Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of New

Amsterdam in 1647. He made new laws to

make life safer, and a safe and better life

brought more settlers to New Amsterdam. By

1660, more than ten thousand people had

settled in nearby towns. However,

Stuyvesant’s rules were too stern and most

colonists did not like him.

In 1664, Stuyvesant was forced to surrender to

the British. The British took over New

Netherlands without firing a shot.

The Dutch government had great influence on

the State of New York. The Dutch insisted on

religious toleration as a condition of their

surrender. People were allowed to practice

their own religions after the English took over.

Dutch foods such as coleslaw, doughnuts, and

waffles are still popular today. Many Dutch

buildings still exist today. The Dutch’s legacy

can also be seen in many names around the

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(Santa Claus)。其他通用字，例如培根

(bacon)，老板(boss)，饼干(cookie)，巡航

(cruise)，药(drug)，彩票(lottery)，都是源

自荷兰词。

state, for example, Brooklyn, Harlem, and

Santa Claus. Other common words, such as

bacon, boss, cookie, cruise, drug and lottery all

originated from Dutch words.

复习：

1.为什么许多欧洲探险家想探索新的土地？

2.欧洲定居者对印第安人有什么样的影响？

3.荷兰人的传统是怎么在纽约市继续的？

4. 为什么新荷兰(New Netherland)对许多印第

安人和荷兰人如此重要？

Review:

1. Why did many European explorers want

to explore the new land?

2. How were the Native American affected

by the European settlers?

3. How was the Dutch legacy carried on in

New York City?

4. Why was “New Netherlands” important to

many Native Americans and the Dutch?

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会


Africa) Meet

关键问题：



affect each other?

2.3 主要观念：

殖民时期的奴隶交易和奴隶制度

2.3 Key Idea:

The slave trade and slavery in the colonies

词汇：

1.劳动 2.物产 3. 经济

4. 华尔街

Vocabulary & Phrases: 1. labor 2. property 3. economy

4. Wall Street

摘要：

在欧洲探险期间，非洲人是由奴隶贩子强迫地

从非洲带出来。第一批奴隶大约是在 1627 年

抵达新阿母斯特丹(New Amsterdam)，现今的

纽约（New York)。他们被强迫加入苦力的工

作，大部份奴隶的生活环境非常恶劣。

Summary: During the European exploration, Africans

were taken by force from Africa by slave

traders. The first slaves arrived in New

Amsterdam (New York) around 1627. They

worked in hard labor and most of their living

environment was horrible.

內容:

在欧洲探险期间，许多欧洲人把从非洲俘虏来

的人带到美洲，并把他们作为奴隶对待。很多

都死于横跨大西洋的旅途期间。有些被卖到西

印度群岛(West Indies)、巴西(Brazil)或北美

洲(North America)的殖民地。大约于 1627

年，第一批奴隶抵达新阿母斯特丹(New

Amsterdam 现今的纽约 New York)。他们像货

物一样地被变卖并被强迫做苦工，例如修路，

修建房屋，和田里的工作.

荷兰和英国商人根据供应贩卖奴隶的船只和出

口经由奴隶生产的产品例如糖、烟草、咖啡、

靛青，和棉花来建立起地方经济。在殖民地时

期，大约百分之 41的家庭拥有奴隶。

大多数的奴隶住在地窖和顶楼里。他们做大部

份的家务事。许多奴隶成为熟练的工匠并且修

造了许多纽约的大厦。例如第一个市政厅(city

hall)、第一个荷兰和英国教会、市立监狱和市

立医院。他们也修建了阿姆斯特丹堡(Fort

Content:

During the European exploration, many

Europeans brought captives from Africa to the

Americas where they were treated as slaves.

Many of them died during crossing Atlantic

Ocean. Some of them were brought to the

West Indies, Brazil or the colonies in North

America. The first slaves arrived in New

Amsterdam (New York) around 1627. They

were sold like property and condemned to do

hard labor such as building roads, constructing

buildings, and working in the fields.

The Dutch and the English merchants built the

local economy based on supplying ships for

the slave trade and exported what slaves

produced such as sugar, tobacco, coffee,

indigo, and cotton. During colonial times,

approximately 41 percent of the households

had slaves.

Most of the time slaves slept in the cellars and

attics of town houses. They took on most of

the household chores. Many slaves became

skilled artisans and performed heavy labor for

the construction of buildings. Many of New

York’s buildings, such as the first city hall, the

Darft_5_15_10


Amsterdam)，华尔街(Wall Street，Wall 意即

城墙，墙壁)自此得名。

first Dutch and English churches, the city

prison and the city hospital, were constructed

by slaves. They also constructed Fort

Amsterdam, and the wall from which Wall

Street gets its name.

复习：

1. 欧洲探险家为什么将奴隶带到纽约？

2. 奴隶是如何被对待的？

3. 奴隶对社会有什么贡献？

4. 描述奴隶的生活情况。

Review:

1. Why did the European explorers bring

slaves to New York?

2. How were slaves treated?

3. What were the slaves’ contributions?

4. Describe the living conditions of slaves.

Darft_5_15_10



会


Africa) Meet

关键问题：



affect each other?

2.4 主要观念：

迁移到纽约地方区域和深入纽约州的人群

2.4 Key Idea:

Groups of people who migrated to our local

region and into our State

词汇：

1.定居者 2. 殖民地 3. 殖民

4. 购买曼哈顿 5. 地主制度

Vocabulary & Phrases: 1. settlers 2. colony 3. colonist

4. Manhattan Purchase 5. Patroon System

摘要：

许多欧洲探险家想开拓一条到亚洲的交易捷

径，却发现了北美洲并带领了许多定居者进入

这块新大陆。

Summary: Many European explorers wanted to discover a

short route to Asia for trading purposes. As a

result, they discovered North America and

brought many settlers into this newfound land.

內容:

1602 年，亨利・哈德逊(Henry Hudson) 被荷兰

东印度公司(Dutch East India Company)雇用去找

寻一条新的路线到印度。然而，哈德逊没有成

功。哈德逊最终却航行进入了一条河，即今天

的哈德逊河(Hudson River)。他继续向前航行，

直到奥伯尼 (Albany)。哈德逊回到欧洲以后，

宣称整个哈德逊河谷 (Hudson River Valley) 为荷

兰雇主所拥有。1621 年，荷兰政府让一群商人

成立了荷兰西印度公司(Dutch West India

Company)。这个公司的目标是送殖民到北美洲

建立一个殖民地。殖民们和印第安人进行交

易。殖民们把交易得来的毛皮卖给荷兰西印度

公司。然后公司在欧洲把这些毛皮卖掉。

1624 年，包括 30 个家庭的第一批殖民往新荷兰

(New Netherland)前进。有些家庭停留在哈德逊

河口。其他的家庭往上游航行约 150 英哩抵达

现在的奥伯尼(Albany)。在那里，他们搭建了欧

瑞吉堡 (Fort Orange)。这是欧洲人在纽约的第

一个永久性定居点。很快的，更多的殖民从荷

兰过来。他们在曼哈顿岛的尖端搭建了堡垒，

称作阿母斯特丹堡垒(Fort Amsterdam).围绕著这

个堡垒，新阿母斯特丹市(New Amsterdam)逐渐

成长起来。

Content:

In 1602, Henry Hudson was hired by the Dutch

East India Company to discover a new route to

India. However, Hudson was unsuccessful.

Hudson eventually sailed into a river, today

called the Hudson River. He continued to sail

until he reached Albany. Hudson then

returned to Europe and claimed the entire

Hudson River Valley for his Dutch employer.

In 1621, the Dutch government allowed a

group of businessmen to set up the Dutch West

India Company. The company’s goal was to

send settlers to North America to set up a

colony. The colonists would trade with the

Native Americans. The colonists would sell

the furs they received to the Dutch West India

Company. The company, in turn, would sell

the furs in Europe.

In 1624, the first colonists, consisting of thirty

families, sailed for New Netherlands. Some of

the families stopped at the mouth of the

Hudson River. Others sailed about 150 miles

upriver to what is now Albany. There they

built Fort Orange. This was the first

permanent European settlement in New York.

Soon more settlers arrived from the

Netherlands. They built a fort at the tip of

Manhattan called Fort Amsterdam. The city of

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购买曼哈顿

1626 年，彼得・米纽伊特(Peter Minuit)总督来

到了曼哈顿 (Manhattan)。他以价值约 24 元的工

具，珠子和衣服，从印第安人酋长，勒尼・勒

纳比(Lenni Lenape)手中买下了曼哈顿岛

(Manhattan Island)。勒尼・勒纳比并不理解纽伊

特试图买下这块土地。印第安人没有拥有土地

的观念。他们相信土地仅是让人类使用的。而

荷兰人所付给他们的只是使用土地上的资源而

已。

地主制度

为了让更多的定居者来新荷兰，荷兰西印度公

司有一个计划。任何人如果能够带 50 个定居者

来殖民地，公司便会给予他一大片土地。地主

(patroon)拥有土地。50 个定居者则必须缴交给

地主他们部份的农作物和牲畜作为一种租赁。

刚开始只有 5 个地主被允许拥有土地。但是，

地主土地上的生活经常太困难。定居者必须开

垦土地，建筑房屋，并保卫自己不被印第安人

攻击。很快的，其中四个地主失败放弃。慢慢

的，律法改变，有更多的人被允许拥有自己的

土地。人民开始在殖民地扩散开来。

长岛地区的主要定居者是英国人。其他的定居

者包括挪威人 (Norwegians)、丹麦人 (Danes)、

犹太人(Jews)、爱尔兰人(Irish)、苏格兰人

(Scottish) 和德国人 (Germans)，也都在各个角落

定居。新定居者的扩张导致殖民者和印第安人

之间的衝突。1630到 1640 年间，在殖民和印

第安人之间有多场战争。荷兰拿下许多印第安

人的土地。

New Amsterdam grew around the fort.

Manhattan Purchase

In 1626, a governor, Peter Minuit, came to

Manhattan. He purchased Manhattan Island

from a Native American chief, Lenni Lenape.

He paid for it with tools, beads, and clothing

worth about 24 dollars. Chief Lenni Lenape,

however, did not understand that Minuit was

trying to buy the land. Native Americans did

not have the same idea about owning land as

the colonists did. They believed that the land

was for people to use and that they were being

paid only for the resources used by the Dutch.

Patroon System

To get more people to settle in New

Netherland, the Dutch West India Company

had a plan. It promised large amounts of land

to anyone who brought 50 settlers to the

colony. The patroon was the person who

would own the land. The 50 settlers had to

give the patroon part of their crops and

livestock as a form of rent. At first, only five

patroons were allowed to own land. However,

life on the patroon’s land was often too hard.

Settlers had to clear the land for crops, build

houses, and defend themselves from attacks by

Native Americans. Soon, four of the patroons

failed. In time, the laws changed, and more

people were allowed to own land. People

began to spread out in the colony.

In the area of Long Island，settlers were

largely English. Other settlers such as

Norwegians, Danes, Jews, Irish, Scottish, and

Germans also lived throughout the island. The

expansion of the new settlers caused conflicts

between the colonists and the Native

Americans. During the 1630s to 1640s, many

battles occurred between the colonists and the

Native Americans. The Dutch took over many

Darft_5_15_10


lands from the Native Americans.

复习：

1.为什么人们要定居到新阿母斯特丹(纽约)？

2. 有那些人在 1600 年间移居到新阿母斯特丹

(New Amsterdam)？

3. 谁受到欧洲扩展的影响？如何被影响？

Review:

1. Why did people settle in New Amsterdam

(New York)?

2. Name some of the groups that settled in

New Amsterdam in the 1600s.

3. Who was affected by the European

expansion? How?

Darft_5_15_10



会


Africa) Meet

关键问题：



affect each other?

2.5 主要观念：

人们依赖和改变他们地理环境的方式

2.5 Key Idea:

Ways that people depended on and modified

their physical environment.

词汇：

1. 环境 2. 基本需求 3. 修改

4. 原木 5. 小木屋

Vocabulary & Phrases: 1. environment 2. basic needs 3. modify

4. log 5. cabin

摘要：

当殖民刚开始定居在新的世界，他们很难生活

在这个新的环境。他们必须调整自己的生活方

式来适应自然环境并达到他们的基本需要。

Summary: When the colonists first settled in the New

World, they had difficulties living in the new

environment. They had to modify and adjust

to the local environment to meet their basic

needs.

內容:

殖民到达了新的定居地之后，他们必须调整修

正他们的生活方式。他们没有带太多的东西过

来。所以，他们必须利用地方资源来达到他们

基本的需要。例如，第一个定居在原野的定居

者使用原木建造木小屋作為他们的家。原木小

屋很快也很容易建造。定居者将森林里倒落下

来的树，劈裂成为木板。此外他们利用黏土填

充原木之间的缝隙以防风雨。最后他们利用树

皮和稻草覆盖於屋顶。

殖民们也利用木头制作家具。他们制造桌子、

椅子、床、叉子和许多其他东西。他们也从印

第安人那里学会了如何种植玉米。他们学会了

如何烘干，击碎，煮沸和使用玉米来交换其他

的物品。

早期殖民移民来到新的世界，必须根据当地的

地理环境做许多的改变。

Content:

Colonists had to adjust and modify their ways

of living after they arrived in the new land.

The colonists didn’t bring too many things

with them. Therefore, they utilized local

resources to meet their basic needs. For

example, the first settlers who settled in the

wilderness used logs to build log cabins as

their home. The log cabins were fast and easy

to build. The settlers also split fallen trees

from the forest and used them as planks.

Furthermore clay was used to fill in the spaces

between the logs to make the log cabin

weather-proof. Finally, tree barks and straw

were used to cover the roof.

The colonists also made furniture from the

wood. They built tables, chairs, beds, forks,

and many other things from wood. They also

learned how to grow corns from the Native

Americans. They learned how to dry, crush,

boil, and used corn to trade for other things.

The early colonists had to make many changes

according to the local environment to live in

the New World.

Darft_5_15_10


复习：

1. 早期殖民如何调整并修正他们的生存环

境？

2. 殖民使用了什麼样的资源？

Review:

1. How did the early colonists adjust to and

modify their living environment?

2. What type of resources did the colonists

use?

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答案

2.1

1. 第一位发现纽约港口的欧洲探险家是乔万尼

・达・韦拉札诺。

2. 亨利・哈德逊探险的目地是找到一条从欧洲

到亚洲的航道。

3. 克里斯托弗・哥伦布 1942 年的航行是想发现

一条更容易通往东方的交易路线。

4. 塞谬尔・德・尚普兰定居在魁北克(Quebec)。

塞谬尔・德・尚普兰帮助休伦族印地安人与

依洛郭亦族人的战斗。

2.2

1. 很多欧洲探险家想要探索新的土地，因為他

们想找到一个到亚洲的捷径和更多的资源。

2. 很多印第安人死于由欧洲人带进来的疾病，

同时印第安人也丧失许多土地在欧洲人的手

里。

3. 荷兰政府坚持宗教宽容作为他们投降英国政

府的条件。人们可以实践自己的宗教信仰。

荷兰的食物，例如甜甜圈和凉拌卷心菜至今

仍是非常受欢迎。很多楼宇及街道仍以荷兰

字命名。

4. “新荷兰”对很多印第安人和荷兰人十分重

要是因為新荷兰是一个毛皮交易中心。这给

很多印第安人和荷兰人从交易水狸毛皮赚取

利润的机会。

Answer Keys

2.1

1. The first European explorer to discover

New York harbor was Giovanni da

Verrazano.

2. The purpose of Henry Hudson’s

exploration was to find a waterway from

Europe to Asia.

3. Christopher Columbus set sail in 1492 to

discover an easier route to travel to the

East for the purpose of trading.

4. Samuel Champlain settled in Quebec. He

helped the Huron Indians fight the

Iroquois.

2.2

1. Many European explorers wanted to

explore the new land because they

wanted to find a shorter way to travel to

Asia and more resources.

2. Many Native Americans died from the

diseases that were brought by the

European. Also, the Native Americans

lost many lands to the Europeans.

3. The Dutch government insisted on

religious toleration after they surrendered

to the English government. People were

allowed to practice their own religion.

Dutch foods such as doughnuts and

coleslaw are still popular in America

today. Many buildings and streets have

Dutch words.

4. “New Netherlands” was important to

many Native Americans and the Dutch

because New Netherlands became a

center for the fur trade. This gave many

Native Americans and Dutch an

opportunity to make a profit through

beaver fur trading.

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2.3

1. 欧洲探险家带奴隶到纽约并强迫他们做苦

工，例如：修路, 修建大厦，和田野工作。

2. 奴隶被像货物一样的出卖。

3. 很多纽约市的建筑物和教堂都是由奴隶建造

而成。他们也修建了阿姆斯特丹堡垒，华尔

街因此得名。

4. 大多数的奴隶住在地窖和顶楼。他们做大部

份的家务。

2.4

1. 许多人定居到新阿母斯特丹(纽约)是為了宗

教自由和更好的生活。

2. 在 1600s 年定居到新阿姆斯特丹的有英国人,

挪威人，丹麦人，犹太人，爱尔兰人，爱尔

兰人，和德国人等等。

3. 新定居者的扩张导致殖民和印第安人之间的

冲突。1630到 1640 年间，在殖民和印第安

人之间有多场战争。荷兰人拿下许多印第安

人的土地。

2.5

1. 早期的殖民利用很多的天然资源来达到他们

的基本需求。例如用原木搭建木屋，因为可

以容易并快速地搭建。他们用树皮和稻草覆

盖屋顶。他们利用粘土来填补原木之间的

空隙以防风雨。

2. 殖民利用木头制造房屋，家具，和工具。

2.3

1. The European explorers brought slaves to

New York to do hard labor such as

building roads, constructing buildings,

and working in the fields.

2. Slaves were treated like property.

3. Many buildings and churches in New

York City were built by slaves. They

also constructed Fort Amsterdam, and the

wall from which Wall Street got its name.

4. Most slaves slept in the cellars and attics

of town houses. They did most of the

household chores.

2.4

1. People settled in New Amsterdam (New

York) for religious freedom and a better

life.

2. Some of the groups that settled in New

Amsterdam in the 1600s were the

English, Norwegians, Danes, Jews, Irish,

Scottish, and Germans.

3. The European expansion caused many

conflicts between the colonists and the

Native Americans during the 1630s and

1640s. The Dutch took much land from

the Native Americans during this time.

2.5

1. The early colonists used a lot of nature’s

resources to meet their basic needs. For

example, the colonists used logs to build

a cabin because it was a fast and easy

way to build a home. They used tree

bark and straw to cover the roof. They

also used clay to fill in the spaces

between logs to make the cabin weather-

proof.

2. Colonists used most of the wood to build

houses, furniture, and tools.

unit 2: three worlds meet - new york university · 2010-05-13 · darft_5_15_10 albetac social...

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