unit 2 what is happiness? grammar and usage past and future tenses 江阴高中

Unit 2 What is happiness?

Grammar and usage

Past and future tenses 江阴高中江阴高中

Brainstorming

Who can make the story more interesting? The wind ___ hard yesterday. Our English teacher ____ busy. She ___ at seven in the morning because she ___ last week. While she was ____, her daughter___. She ___ by last week…

Past tenses

The simple past tense 一般过去时一般过去时The past continuous

tense过去进行时过去进行时

The past perfect tense 过去完成时过去完成时

The simple past tense

1 ）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有： yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1980 等。Eg. I saw Tom in the street yesterday.

I bought this TV set in Beijing last year.

2 ）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。Eg. When I was a child, I often played

football in the street.

He always went to work by bus.


3 ）用过去时表示现在，表示语气委婉礼貌。( 1.) 动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Eg. Did you want anything else?

I wondered if you could help me.

( 2. ) 情态动词 could, would ，Eg. Could you lend me your bike?


4 ）用在条件句中表示与现在或将来事实不符的虚拟语气。Eg. If I were a bird, I would fly to Beijing.

If he were here now, we could turn to

him for help.


注意下列句型：注意下列句型： ◎ It is time sb. did sth. “ 时间已迟了；早

该……了”，Eg. It is time you went to bed.

◎ would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示“宁愿某人做某事”，Eg. I'd rather you came tomorrow.


1) 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。常与 at that time , the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening 等连用。

Eg. What was he doing this time yesterday?

In 2001 she was studying in a university.

The past continuous tense

The past continuous tense

2. ）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.It was raining when they left the station.

1 ）过去完成时表示过去某一时刻或者某一动作之前完成的动作或状态；句中常用 by, before, until, when 等词引导的时间状语。 By the end of last year we had built five new houses. I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.

The past perfect tense

2 ）过去完成时的动词还可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或者状态持续到过去某个时间或者持续下去。

Eg. Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours. 　 He had been in this college for five years before I came here.


（ 3 ）在 told, said, knew, heard,

thought 等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to

Paris.

（ 4 ）在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 When the police arrived, the thieves had

run away.


（ 5 ）表示意向的动词，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等，用过去完成时表示 " 原本…，未能… "

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.（ 6 ）过去完成时的时间状语 before, by, until , when,

after, once, as soon as 。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to

make a living by himself.


Future tenses

The simple future tense 一般将来时一般将来时The future continuous

tense将来进行时将来进行时

The future in the past 过去将来时过去将来时

The future perfect tense 将来完成时将来完成时

1) shall 用于第一人称，常被 will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见常用于第二人称。Eg. Which paragraph shall I read first ？ Will you be at home at seven this

evening?

The simple future tense

2) be going to + 不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事或打算做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a

storm.


3) be + 不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.

4) be about to + 不定式，意为马上做某事。 He is about to leave for Beijing.注意：注意： be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。


☆be going to / willbe going to / will 的用法之比较：的用法之比较：用于条件句时， be going to 表将来， will表意愿。例：If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.


☆be tobe to 和和 be going to be going to 的用法之比较：的用法之比较： be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。

而 be going to 则表示主观的打算或计划。Eg.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.

( 客观安排 )

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. ( 主观安排 )


1.) 表示在将来某一时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作。如： Eg. This time tomorrow I shall be flying to Guangzhou. What will you be doing at eight tomorrow morning? We'll be watching television all evening.

The future continuous tense


2) 表示将来被客观情况所决定的动作或者按照安排将要发生的动作。

Eg. We'll be having tea after dinner as usual. The leaves will be falling soon. We shall be having a meeting tomorrow

morning. I’ll be taking my holidays soon.

注意：将来进行时不用于表示 " 意志 " ，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her.

（（ 33 ）将来进行时常用的时间状语）将来进行时常用的时间状语 : : soon, tomorrow, this evening ， on Sunday, by this time ， tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 等。 By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach.


基本形式：基本形式： would ／ should ＋动词原形（其中 would 用于各种人称， should 常用于第一人称）。They were sure they would win the final

victory ．He didn't expect that we

should （ would ） all be there ．

The future in the past

过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：过去将来时的一些其它表达形式：

11 ．． waswas ／／ werewere ＋＋ going togoing to ＋＋动词原形动词原形 He said he was going to try ．22 ．． waswas ／／ werewere ＋＋ toto ＋＋动词原形动词原形 They said the railway was to be opened to

traffic on May Day ．


33 ．． waswas ／／ were aboutwere about ＋＋动词原形动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to

rain ．44 ．过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，．过去进行时（一般多为动作概念较强的动词，如如 gogo ，， comecome ，， leaveleave ，， startstart ，，openopen ，， begin begin 等）也可用于表示将来。等）也可用于表示将来。

I didn't know when they were coming again ．


用法注意点：用法注意点： 1 ．在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。 He said he would come to see you when he had time ．2 ．“ would ＋动词原形”可表示过去习惯性的动作。不管什么人称，都可用 would 。 When he was a child, he would get up early ．


将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作。与 before+ 将来时间或 by+ 将来时间连用，也可与 before 或by the time 引导的现在时的从句连用。例： By the end of this week, I shall have finished the book. The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.

The future perfect tense

注意：注意：使用这种时态时，多会涉及两个动作或状态，一个在前，一个在后；叙述前面的动作或状态，动词要用将来完成时；叙述后面的动作或状态，动词要用一般现在时。We will have completed the work before you come.We will have played ball when you come.（或 when you come, we will have played ball. ）He says that he will have graduated from a university before you return home.


By the end of this month, we surely ____ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have found D. are finding The conference ____ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lastedC. would last D. has lasted


1. — Look! How wonderful my car is! Oh, Jack. What are you thinking about? Don’t you like it? — I’m sorry I ______ any remark about it in time. I certainly think it’s smart.A. wasn’t making B. don’t make C. won’t make D. didn’t make2. To find the street where I lived in my childhood is no easy task because the city ______ so rapidly all these years.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change3. He ______ quite well, but he hasn’t had time to swim since this summer.A. will swim B. have swum C. swam D. swims4. Jimmy said that he would come to pick me up, but he ____by now.A. hasn’t turned up B. doesn’t turn up C. won’t turn up D. hadn’t turned up

5. I’m terribly sorry for being late, but I _____ the wrong bus.

A. catch B. had caught C. caught D. catching

6. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ across the road when

my car hit him.

A. was to walk B. had been walking

C. walked D. was walking

7. I really don’t think Rose will be upset, but I will go and see her in

case she _____.

A. is B. does C. will be D. has been

8. The computers made by our company sell best, but several years

ago no one could have imagined the role in the markets that they

_________.

A. were playing B. were to play

C. had played D. played

9. — Kate is in hospital.

— Oh, really? I _______. ________ visit her.

A. didn’t know; I’ll go and B. don’t know; I’ll go and

C. don’t know; I’m going to D. didn’t know; I’m going to

10. — Where _______ the guidebook? I can’t see it anywhere.

— I _______ it right here, but now it’s gone.

A. did you put; have put B. had you put; have put

C. have you put; put D. were you putting; put

11. — Do you live in this city?

— No, we ______ it for holidays.

A. just visit B. just visited C. are just visiting D. have visited

12. — How is the old man now?

— Sorry, he ______ though they did all they could to save him.

A. was dead B. had died C. has been dead D. died

13.The lake will be further polluted unless some measures ______.

A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken

14. I’m afraid it will be two months ______.

A. when I come back B. when I’ll come back

C. before I come back D. before I’ll come back

15.The workers _____ busily when the boss came to look for

something he ______ in the office.

A. had worked, had left B. were working ; had left

C. working ; had left D. had worked; left

16.The notice ______ “No smoking”.

A. is told B. reads C. tells D. is read

17. The old man _____ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has died 18. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 19. I _____ my son _____ a doctor, but he wasn’t good enough at science. A. hoped; would become B. had hoped; would become C. had hoped; will become D. hope; will become 20. I _____ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 21. Helen _____ her key in the office so she had to wait until her husband _____ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come

22.He stepped into the office, _____ down and began to fill in the

forms.

A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it

23.She said she would telephone but we _____from her so far.

A.haven’t heard B.didn’t hear C.hadn’t heard D.won’t hear

24.When I got to the cinema, the film____for ten minutes.

A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was

25.I’ll go with you as soon as I____my homework.

A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished

26.If it_____tomorrow,I won’t go to the cinema.

A.will rain B.rains C.is raining D.rained

27.She is going to be a nurse when she_____up.

A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew

28.“ 这本书我已经买了三个月了。” which is wrong ？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is three months since I bought this book.29.— Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. — Oh, how nice of you! I _____ you _____ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didn’t think; were going D.had’t thought; were going30.When I was at college I _____ three foreign languages,but I _____ all except for a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten31.The police found that the house _____ and a lot of things ____. A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.had been broken into; stolen

32.The volleyball match will be put off if it____. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining33.Mary _____ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes34.The students _____ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _____ in the office. A. had written; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left35. — Have you moved into the new house? — No yet, the rooms _____, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting36. — We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time. — What do you suppose ____ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened

37. — Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I _____ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming38. — We could have walked to the station.It was so near. — Yes, A taxi _____ at all necessary. A. wasn’t B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be D. won’t be39.If city noises _____ from increasing, people _____ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to40.Tom _____ into the house when no one _____. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; looked C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked

unit 2 what is happiness? grammar and usage past and future tenses 江阴高中

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