unit 4. reconquista 2016
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
UNIT 4:THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
IN THE MIDDLE AGE
![Page 2: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Reconquest review
STAGES OFTHE RECONQUEST
What:When:Where:Why
![Page 3: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Reconquest review
CAUSES OF THE MUSLIMINVASION
What:
When:Where:
Why? Reason 1
Why? Reson 2
Why? Reason 3
More reasons…
![Page 4: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Reconquest review
STAGES:
POLITICS
CULTURE
ECONOMY
SOCIETY
AL ANDALUSWhat: Muslimkingdoms in Ib.Peninsula.When:8-11th cent.Why: conquest and Muslim hegemony
![Page 5: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Reconquest review
POLITICS SOCIETY
CHRISTIANKINGDOMSWhat: expansionWhen: 11-13thWhere: Iber.Pen. &MediterraneanWhy: More military and political power
CASTILLA:
ARAGON:
EXPANSIONRECONQUEST
ARAGON:
CASTILLA
ECONOMY
![Page 6: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
CASTILLAHow is the crisis?
ARAGONHow is the crisis?
Pol society
Economy
Pol soc
Economy
CRISISWhat: CrisisWhen: 14th-15th c.Where: AllEurope, includingIb.Pen.Why: BlackDeath, fallOf population…
![Page 7: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
THE RECONQUEST• Three stages:
1. VIII- XI century: Muslim hegemony.– Emirate, Caliphate and taifa kingdoms.– Little Christian kingdoms: Asturias, Navarra, Marca
2. XII-XIII century: Christian expansion - Rise of Castilla and Aragon as main powers.
3. XIV-XV century: Late middle age. - Crisis and recovery. - Muslim kingdom of Granada.
- Fall of Granada (1492)
![Page 8: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Muslim expansion
![Page 9: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
THE MUSLIM HEGEMONYVIII-XI centuries.
NAVARRAREINO ASTUR-LEONES
MARCA HISPÁNICA
![Page 10: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The mosquee in Córdoba (VIII-X).Almanzor’s extension.
Double arch
Horseshoe arch
![Page 11: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
THE CALIPHATECordoba reached its peak ofstrenght in the X century. Itbecame the biggest cityIn Europe and its mainTrade center.
Medina Azahara (IX-X century)
![Page 12: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
This is the court of caliphAbdarramán III, what can youdescribe here?
![Page 13: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
This is the court of caliphAbdarramán III, what can youdescribe here? An embassy
of Jewish peopleis visitingthe caliph
Scribes and poets
scientists
musiciens
The caliphIs giving an audience
ViziersAdvisers
![Page 14: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
During the X centuryThe caliphate reachedIts peak of military power
Almanzor captures Santiago’sBells and brings them to Cordoba
![Page 15: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• SOCIETY: It was typically Muslim. However, the conquest created a complex society where minorities like Christians and Jews played an important role.
![Page 17: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The economy
Al Andalus became a great trading centre, working as intermediate between EuropeAnd Africa and Middle East. It was an easy task since all Islam enjoyed the same currency:the golden DINHAR.
![Page 18: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
COVADONGA,THE BEGINNINGOF RECONQUEST:MYTH AND HISTORY
THE CHRISTIAN KINGDOMS
![Page 19: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
RECONQUEST (CHRISTIAN SIDE)• EARLY MIDDLE AGE: Little kingdoms in the North,
Asturias, Navarra and the marca hispánica. They were quite poor compared with the Caliphate.
MIDDLE AGE (XI-XIII)Creation of the crown of Castilla-
León and Aragón
LATE MIDDLE AGE (XIV-XV)Crisis and recovery. End of the
Reconquest.
![Page 20: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
KINGDOM OF ASTURIAS-LEÓN
![Page 21: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
In the North west, aChristian kingdom Emerged: theKingdom of Asturias-León(VIII-X century)
Santa María del Naranco (Oviedo, IX century)Palace of the kings.
![Page 22: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
With Alfonso III (end of IX century)the kingdomwon enough Strengh To dominate The Duerovalley
![Page 23: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
In the east, little counties were founded by frank influenceLater they won their independence.
![Page 24: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THE EXPANSIONOF THE CHRISTIANKINGDOMS
XI – XIII centuries.
SECOND STAGE
![Page 25: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
FROM THE CID CAMPEADORTo LAS NAVAS DE TOLOSA.Between the second half of XI century toThe end of XIII century, the ChristiansReconquered most of the iberian peninsulaAnd became the hegemonic powers in This territory.
The Cid Campeador was a mercenary., fighting sometimesIn the Muslim side.
![Page 26: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
The Christian Resettlement:Different stages.(private lords take land)
![Page 27: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Castle of Peñafiel
Society was very similar to the Feudal Europe: * Priviledged (nobility and church)* Not priviledged (peasants).Trade and money was in hands of minorities like the jews.
![Page 28: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
THE SOCIETY:The war against the MuslimCreated a spirit of crusade.Religion and warfare had aStrong impact on the population.
![Page 29: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
However, during a longtime, three cultures livedTogether and tolerate Themselves: Jews, MuslimsAnd Christians.
![Page 30: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
POLITICS: The iberian monarchies concentratedgenerally speaking, more powerThan other European Monarchies.
CORTES:Assemblies where the main towns of the kingdom were represented
![Page 32: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
THE MODERN CORTES, elected democratically by all theCitizens.
![Page 33: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
The growth of the castilllianEconomy was based in the Exportation of raw materials,Especially wool, very appreciateIn North Europe for clothes making.
THE ECONOMY Flock of “Merina” Sheeps
![Page 34: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The trade in Castilla was developed in big cities like Seville or northern ports.Cataluña had even a strong impact in the mediterranean sea, with the city ofBarcelona.
THE ECONOMY:TRADE ROUTES
![Page 35: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
THE FINAL STAGE OFRECONQUEST
CRISISAND FINALCAMPAIGN(GUERRADE GRANADA)
![Page 36: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
THE CRISISIN THE XIV CENTURYAnd BLACK DEATH
![Page 37: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
SOCIAL RIOTS:MURDER OF JEWS IN BARCELONA, 1391
SOCIAL UNREST:The economic crisisLed to peasant riots and created an atmosphereHostile to tolerance in towns
![Page 38: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
CIVIL WARS:KING AUTHORITYWEAKENS AND NOBILITYRISES AS POLITICAL AGENT
Recreation of the deathOf Pedro I in hands of His brother Enrique(1369)
![Page 39: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
ISABELDE CASTILLAQueen in 1476
FERNANDOII DE ARAGÓNKing in 1479
Married since1469, and ruling together in both
kingdoms
THE BEGINNING OF A SPANISH MONARCHY
![Page 40: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
THE IBERIAN PENINSULA IN THE 15TH CENTURY
THE GRANADA WAR
1476
1512
1492
![Page 41: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The fall of Granada (1492)
THE END OF RECONQUSTA:The Granada war (1482-1492)And the end of the muslim Kingdom in Spain.
Boabdil, Last king of Granada, gives the keys of the city
The Catholicmonarchs
![Page 42: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The beginning of modern age: 1492
The catholic monarchs planted the seeds of what should be Spain later
![Page 43: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Consequences Evidences
WHAT WERETHECONSEQUENCES OF AN UNITED KINGDOM?
Militarystrenght
Monarchs More powerful
Social stabilty
Economic development
Cultural development
New weapons:Victories: Bigger armies, new conquest
Burocracy. Power over nobility
End of civil wars No more social riots .
More trade to Europe New currency More production
Deeper contact with other cultures (arabs, jews)
![Page 44: Unit 4. reconquista 2016](https://reader035.vdocuments.pub/reader035/viewer/2022062401/58ed44291a28abad688b46fd/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Consequences Evidences
WHAT WERETHECONSEQUENCES OF AN UNITED KINGDOM?
Militarystrenght
Monarchs More powerful
Social stabilty
Economic development
Cultural development
New weapons: gun powder.Victories: Granada Napoles Bigger armies, new conquest
Burocracy and equal rules. Power over nobility(Cáceres)
End of civil wars (Beltraneja) No more social riots . More trade to Europe (wool)
New currency (ducado) More production (agriculture)
Deeper contact with other cultures (jews were expelled, intolerance)
AS A CONCLUSION,WAS IT POSITIVEOR NEGATIVE FOROUR HISTORY?
T
T
T
F
T