Unit 4-WeatherUnit 4-Weather13.1 & 13.3 A Closer Look at the Earth and Why we have 13.1 & 13.3 A Closer Look at the Earth and Why we have

SeasonsSeasons

http://youtube.com/watch?v=s76Qn7bpCsQ&feature=related

BLM 13.1ABLM 13.1AQuick Review Question SheetQuick Review Question Sheet

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate (Q3)(Q3)

Weather… What is It?Weather… What is It?– Day to day environmental conditionsDay to day environmental conditions

Examples: Examples: – Rainy / snowyRainy / snowy– cloudy / sunnycloudy / sunny– Windy / calmWindy / calm

ClimateClimate– Environmental condition averaged over many Environmental condition averaged over many

yearsyears Examples:Examples:

– Average rainfallAverage rainfall– Average daily temperatureAverage daily temperature

Weather and ClimateWeather and Climate

Variable used to describe weather and Variable used to describe weather and climate:climate:– TemperatureTemperature– Wind Speed and DirectionWind Speed and Direction– VisibilityVisibility– Cloud coverCloud cover– Atmospheric PressureAtmospheric Pressure– Dew PointDew Point– HumidityHumidity

Formation of Weather and ClimateFormation of Weather and Climate

Now some questions for you to think about… I’ll read the question to you Now some questions for you to think about… I’ll read the question to you and then ask you what the first thing is you think about…and then ask you what the first thing is you think about…

1.1. Now that you know what weather is can you tell me if the weather is the same Now that you know what weather is can you tell me if the weather is the same here as it is in St. John? Why not?here as it is in St. John? Why not?

2.2. Geographically, how is St.John different than Fredericton?Geographically, how is St.John different than Fredericton?3.3. Would any of these geographical features affect the weather in that area? If so Would any of these geographical features affect the weather in that area? If so

which ones and how?which ones and how?

Here are the facts:Here are the facts:Components that influence weather and climate include:Components that influence weather and climate include:

Latitude and LongitudeLatitude and Longitude AtmosphereAtmosphere OceansOceans Land MassesLand Masses

Science 10 – Oct. 4Science 10 – Oct. 4thth

What is something you’ve always wondered What is something you’ve always wondered about weather?about weather?– A sayingA saying– How a weather phenomena works or is formed?How a weather phenomena works or is formed?

Influences on Weather and Climate and Influences on Weather and Climate and

Latitude/LongitudeLatitude/Longitude (Q1)(Q1)

Components that influence Components that influence weather and climate include:weather and climate include:

Latitude and Latitude and LongitudeLongitude

Atmosphere (later)Atmosphere (later) Oceans (later)Oceans (later) Land Masses (later)Land Masses (later)

Lat & LongLat & Long

Longitude (Meridians) Longitude (Meridians) (Q4)(Q4)

Angle of measure east or Angle of measure east or west of the Prime Meridianwest of the Prime Meridian

Imaginary vertical linesImaginary vertical lines

Label on Your MapLabel on Your Map Prime Meridian 0Prime Meridian 0oo

(Greenwich, England)(Greenwich, England) International Dateline 180International Dateline 180oo

Latitude (Parallels) Latitude (Parallels) (Q5,6,7)(Q5,6,7)

Angle of measure north or south of the EquatorAngle of measure north or south of the Equator Imaginary horizontal linesImaginary horizontal lines

Label on Your Map:Label on Your Map:(BLM 13.1A)(BLM 13.1A)

Equator 0Equator 0oo

North Pole 90North Pole 90ooN N South Pole 90South Pole 90ooSS Arctic Circle 67.5Arctic Circle 67.5ooNN Antarctic Circle 67.5Antarctic Circle 67.5ooSS Tropic of Cancer 23.5Tropic of Cancer 23.5ooNN Tropic of Capricorn 23.5Tropic of Capricorn 23.5ooS S

Earth’s Rotation and RevolutionEarth’s Rotation and Revolution Rotation (24 hours)Rotation (24 hours)

– The Earth rotates on its axisThe Earth rotates on its axis– The axis (imaginary line) runs North to South The axis (imaginary line) runs North to South

23.523.5oo angle angle– One Earth rotation takes one dayOne Earth rotation takes one day

Rotate East to WestRotate East to West Revolution (365 Days)Revolution (365 Days)

– The Earth revolves around the SunThe Earth revolves around the Sun The movement of one object traveling The movement of one object traveling

around anotheraround another– It takes the earth one year to revolve (travel) It takes the earth one year to revolve (travel)

around the Sun counter clockwisearound the Sun counter clockwiseAny ideas as to how earth’s tilt towards or away Any ideas as to how earth’s tilt towards or away

from the sun can effect the 4 season’s we from the sun can effect the 4 season’s we experience here in Canada??experience here in Canada??

Bill Nye: SeasonsBill Nye: Seasons

Handout: Seasons Worksheet (24 min)Handout: Seasons Worksheet (24 min)

https://secure.e-registernow.com/cgi-bin/portal.cgi?state=210

Reason for the SeasonsReason for the Seasons

• The average tilt, 23.5The average tilt, 23.5oo, of the Earth is the reason for the , of the Earth is the reason for the seasonsseasons))

• As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the seasons in the As the Earth revolves around the Sun, the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres are opposite.northern and southern hemispheres are opposite.

http://geovideos.fliggo.com/video/NY5Lxu6q

I. Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons

Earth’s Seasons

North Pole

Earth

When the north pole tilts toward thesun, it gets more radiation – more warmth

during the summer

SUMMER (Northern Hemisphere)

South Pole

WINTER (Southern Hemisphere)

When the north pole tilts toward thesun, the south pole tilts away

So when it’s summer in the north, it’s winter in the south

Equator

I. Tilt of the Earth’s axis towards or away from the sun creates the seasons

Earth’s Seasons

When the north pole tilts away from the sun, it gets less radiation –

So it’s colder during the winter

North Pole

Earth

WINTER (Northern Hemisphere)

South Pole

SUMMER (Southern Hemisphere)

When the north pole tilts away from thesun, the south pole tilts toward it…

When it’s winter in the north, it’s summer in the south

Equator

Reason for the Season Video: Answer Reason for the Season Video: Answer KeyKey

1.1. What does the term axis mean?What does the term axis mean?

A. Axis is an imaginary line that runs through the North and A. Axis is an imaginary line that runs through the North and South poles of the Earth. The earth spins on it at a 23.5South poles of the Earth. The earth spins on it at a 23.5oo angle. angle.

2. What is the angle of tilt for the earth’s axis?2. What is the angle of tilt for the earth’s axis?

A. 23.5A. 23.5oo

3. How long does it take the earth to spin or rotate on its axis?3. How long does it take the earth to spin or rotate on its axis?

A. 24 hoursA. 24 hours

4. How long does it take the earth to orbit or revolve around the sun 4. How long does it take the earth to orbit or revolve around the sun once?once?

A. 365 ¼ daysA. 365 ¼ days

5. What are those seasons?5. What are those seasons?

A. Autumn, spring, winter, summerA. Autumn, spring, winter, summer

6. Why is the angle of rays of sunlight so important in determining the 6. Why is the angle of rays of sunlight so important in determining the amount of energy collected by the earth?amount of energy collected by the earth?

A. Slanted rays spread out over a larger area therefore A. Slanted rays spread out over a larger area therefore the the heat and energy is also spread out.heat and energy is also spread out.

7. What does the term migration mean?7. What does the term migration mean?A. Animals moving from one point of the country or world to A. Animals moving from one point of the country or world to

another during certain seasons.another during certain seasons.

8. Plants are the only organisms capable of making their own food. That 8. Plants are the only organisms capable of making their own food. That food making process is called:food making process is called:

A. PhotosynthesisA. Photosynthesis

9. Plants produce more than food. One gas that plants release into the 9. Plants produce more than food. One gas that plants release into the air is used by animals. It is called:air is used by animals. It is called:

A. OxygenA. Oxygen

10. What is the average distance of the earth from the Sun?10. What is the average distance of the earth from the Sun?A. 93 million milesA. 93 million miles

Reason for the Season: Answer KeyReason for the Season: Answer Key

1. Why is the tilt of the earth the cause for the seasons?1. Why is the tilt of the earth the cause for the seasons?

A. Seasons are not connected to Earth's distance from the Sun - A. Seasons are not connected to Earth's distance from the Sun - our northern winter takes place when the Earth is actually our northern winter takes place when the Earth is actually closest to the Sun - but due to the fact that the Earth's axis is closest to the Sun - but due to the fact that the Earth's axis is tilted away perpendicular to the ecliptic, winter takes place.tilted away perpendicular to the ecliptic, winter takes place.

The greater the angle, the less energy transferred. The greater the angle, the less energy transferred.

Reason for the Season: The Earth’s TiltReason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt

Q2. The North pole and South Pole each have long Q2. The North pole and South Pole each have long periods of complete sunlight and complete darkness. periods of complete sunlight and complete darkness. Why?Why?

A. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, the North A. When the Earth is tilted away from the Sun, the North Pole has no Sun for about 6 months. During the same Pole has no Sun for about 6 months. During the same time, the South Pole is pointed toward the Sun and time, the South Pole is pointed toward the Sun and receives nothing but Sun.receives nothing but Sun.

NEXT… What is wind? And how is it formed…NEXT… What is wind? And how is it formed…

Reason for the Season: The Earth’s TiltReason for the Season: The Earth’s Tilt

Mapping ActivityMapping Activity

Short Worksheet – Short Worksheet – – Part A: students to determine latitude and Part A: students to determine latitude and

longitude of a locationlongitude of a location– Part B: students to determine location based on Part B: students to determine location based on

latitude and longitude.latitude and longitude.