united nations

UNITED NATIONSSubject: PoliticsLecturer: Gary Giss

Group’s members• Đặng Kim Hiếu - 1258020• Trần Quang Khôi - 1258027• Đào Ngọc Lan Đài - 1258007• Nguyễn Trọng Tấn - 1258068• Nguyễn Thị Trà My- 1258034

Outline• Introduction• What they do• UN Failures & Scandals• Conclusion

INTRODUCTION

United Nations Headquarters in New York City

Background and creation of UN• The name "United Nations" coined by United States

President Franklin D. Roosevelt• The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of

Nations (1919 - under the Treaty of Versailles)• The United Nations – 24 October 1945

General Assembly• May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions

to the Security Council (UNSC)• Decides on the admission of new members• Adopts the budget• Elects:

• the non-permanent members of the UNSC• all members of ECOSOC• the UN Secretary General (following his/her proposal by the UNSC)• the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)

• Each country has one vote.

Security Council• Responsible for the

maintenance of international peace and security

• May adopt compulsory resolutions

• Has 15 members:• 5 permanent members with

veto power• 10 elected members

SecretariatSupports the other UN bodies

administratively

Its chairperson – the UN Secretary General – is elected by the General

Assembly for a five-year mandate and is the UN's foremost representative

Ban Ki-moon

Economic and Social Council• Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic

and social matters• Coordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous specialized

agencies• Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve three-

year mandates.

Trusteeship Council• Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions

that were former League of Nations mandates• Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau, the last trust

territory, attained independence

International Court of Justice• Decides disputes between

states that recognize its jurisdiction

• Issues legal opinions• Renders judgement by

relative majority• 15 judges are elected by

the UN General Assembly for nine-year terms

Specialized agencies

WHAT THEY DO

Objectives• Human Rights• Maintain International Peace and Security• Justice and International Law

Human Rights• One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and

encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion", and member states pledge to undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these rights.

Human Rights

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

1948

Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

1979

the General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Rights of the Childs

1989 2006

Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

2011

first resolution recognizing the Rights of LGBT Peoples

1993

The United Commission on Human Rights was formed

Human Rights

Human Rights

High Commissioner for Human

Rights

Human Rights Council

Human Rights Treaty

Bodies

Special Procedures

UNDG-HRM

Special Adviser on

the Prevention of

Genocide

CEDAW• 19th Amendment which granted women the right to vote • Working conditions and wages were better for women • Women had more job opportunities • Women could be in politics • Birth control • Better lives for women

UNICEF

Child protection and social inclusion

Child survivalEduction

Gender quality

UNICEF

UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING

Process and structure

Formation• Cost:

• In 2004 was $2.8 billion.• In 2006, UN peacekeeping costs were about 5.03 billion.• In 2014 was 7.41 billion.

UN Structure

Peacekeeping Participation

Since 1991

Current deployment

Justice and International Law“ Establishing respect for the rule of law is fundamental to achieving a durable peace in the aftermath of conflict, to the effective protection of human rights, and to sustained economic progress and development “

International Criminal Court

UN FAILURES & SCANDALS

FAILURES OF THE UNITED

NATIONS

Rwanda

Darfur

UN SCANDALS

Veto Power

Five permanent nations

• The five permanent members enjoy the luxury of veto power

• The Council resolution cannot be adopted when a permanent member vetoes a vote.

• On July 19th, 2012, The Security Council attempted to evoke chapter VII sanctions from the United Nations Charter

• But China and Russia vetoed

• 60,000 civilians have been killed • Thousands more displaced.

Child Sex Abuse Scandal

• Many nations plead for support from the United Nations

• The blue helmets of UN peacekeepers represent stability and safety.

• In the 1990s, peacekeeping forces saw a rapid rise in child prostitution.

• Senior officials in the United Nations refused to condemn the peacekeepers

Sri Lanka

• The fighting forced 196,000 people to flee, and trapped over 50,000 civilians.

• the United Nations made no attempts to intervene on behalf of the civilian population

• From January to April of 2009, over 6,500 civilians were killed in this so-called “safe-zone”

Nuclear Proliferation

Terrorism

• These terrorist acts continued throughout the remainder of the twentieth century, with no reaction from the UN

The 9/11 terrorist attacks,

• UN finally took action, outlawing terrorism and punishing those responsible for the attacks.

• But it only applied only to Al Qaeda and the Taliban.

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING

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