úohdj - wordpress.com · iii 8 fya%ksh úohdj .=reud¾f.damfoayh mgqk msgq wxlh wohlai...

i

8 fYa%Ksh úoHdj .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

úoHdj

8 fY%AKsh

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh^2017 isg ls%hd;aul fõ'&

úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khwww.nie.lk

ii

8 fYa%Ksh úoHdj- .=reud¾f.damfoaYh

úoHdj.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh8 fY%aKsh

2017

©cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN -

úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khwww.nie.lk

uqøKh(

iii


mgqk

msgq wxlh

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh iv

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh vi

úIhud,d lñgqj vii-viii

.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia ix-xiii

úIh ks¾foaYh xiv-xliv

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd Wmfoia 1-39

iv


wOHCI ckrd,a;=ñh f.a mKsúvh

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj úiska ks¾foaYs; cd;sl wOHdmk wruqKq idlaId;a

lr .ekSu iy fmdÿ ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqKq iys; j tjlg meje;s

wka;¾.;h mokï jQ úIhud,dj kùlrKhg Ncdkh fldg j¾I wglska hq;= pl%hlska

iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq jk wÈhr" j¾I 2007 § cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kh úiska YS% ,xldfõ m%d:ñl yd oaú;shsl wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd f,i ,§'

m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jQ lreKq o" wOHdmkh ms<sn| úúO md¾Yj bÈßm;a l<

fhdackd o mokï fldg f.k isÿ lrk úIhud,d ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï ls%hdj,shl

m%;sM,hla f,i úIhud,d pl%fha fojeks wÈhr wOHdmk lafIa;%hg y÷kajd §u 2015

jif¾ isg wdrïN lr we;'

fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ish¨ u úIhj, ksmqK;d mokï uÜgfï isg Wiia

uÜgu olajd l%udkql+, j f.dvkeÕSu i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isria ifudaOdk

l%uh Ndú; lr we;s w;r úúO úIhj, § tl u úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;a ùu

yels;dla wju lsÍu" úIh wka;¾.;h iSud lsÍu iy ls%hd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re

úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ifudaOdk l%uh Ndú; lr we;'

.=re Nj;=kag mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfhys id¾:l j

ksr; ùu" mka;s ldur ñkqï yd we.hSï m%fhdackj;a mßÈ fhdod .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk

ud¾f.damfoaY ,nd §fï wruqKska kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY y÷kajd § we;' mka;s ldurh ;=<

§ jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrhl= f,i lghq;= lsÍug fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY Wmldr jkq we;'

isiqka f.a ksmqK;d j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug

.=rejrekag wjYH ksoyi fuu`.ska ,nd § ;sfí' t fuka u ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a

jk úIh lreKq ms<sn| jeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkd fõ'

tu ksid fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhS ùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

úiska ilid we;s wod< mdG .%ka: iuÕ iu.dó j Ndú; lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'

;d¾lSlrKh lrk úIh ks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd kj mdG .%ka:j,

uQ,sl wruqKq jkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHmk rgdfjka ñ§ isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjlg

yd jvd;a ls%hdldrlï u; mokï jQ wOHdmk rgdjlg t<öu uÕska jev f,dalhg wjYH

jkakd jQ ksmqK;d yd l=i,;dj,ska hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh

lsÍu hs'

kj úIh ks¾foaY iy .=re ud¾f.damfoaY iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk

wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,fha o" wdh;k iNdfõ o" rpkfha § odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka

ish¨ u iïm;aodhlhska yd fjk;a md¾Yj, o buy;a lemùu we.hSug o fuh wjia:djla

lr .kq leue;af;ñ'

wdpd¾h chka;s .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

v


ksfhdacH wOHË ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

w;S;fha isg u wOHdmkh ksrka;rfhka fjkiaùïj,g Ndckh fjñka bÈßhg

.uka lrñka ;sìKs' uE; hq.fha fuu fjkia ùu ±ä f,i YS>% ù we;' bf.kqï l%ufõoj,

fuka u ;dlaIKsl fuj,ï Ndú;h w;ska yd ±kqu W;amdokh iïnkaOfhka o .; jQ oYl

fol ;=< úYd, msì§ula olakg ,eìKs' fï wkqj cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh o 2015g wod<

wOHdmk m%;sixialrK i|yd wm%udo j iqÿiq mshjr .ksñka isà' f.da,Sh j isÿ jk

fjkialï .ek fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr foaYSh wjYH;d wkqj wkqj¾;khg ,la lr YsIH

flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï m%fõYh mdol lr .ksñka kj úIhud,dj ie,iqï lr mdi,a

moaO;sfha kshuqjka f,i fiajh lrk .=re Nj;=ka jk Tn fj; fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

mqo lrkafka b;d i;=áks'

fujeks kj u. fmkaùfï WmfoaYk ix.%yhla Tn fj; ,ndfokafka ta u.ska

Tng jvd;a odhl;ajhla ,ndÈh yels fõ h hk úYajdih ksid h'

fuu WmfoaYk ix.%yh mka;s ldur bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § Tng uy`.=

w;aje,la jkjdg lsis u ielhla ke;' tfia u fuh o Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka ld,Sk

iïm;a øjH Ndú;fhka jvd;a ixj¾Okd;aul m%fõYhla Tiafia mka;s ldurh yiqrejd

.ekSug Tng ksoyi we;'

Tn fj; ,nd fok fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh uekúka wOHhkh lr jvd ks¾udKYS,s

ore mrmqrla ìys lr YS% ,xldj wd¾Ól yd iudÔh w;ska bÈßhg f.k hdug lemùfuka hq;=

j lghq;= lrkq we;ehs uu úYajdi lrñ'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ks¾udKh jQfha fuu úIh lafIa;%hg wod< .=re Nj;=ka

yd iïm;a mqoa.,hka /ilf.a fkdmiqng W;aidyh yd lemùu ksid h'

wOHdmk moaO;sfha ixj¾Okh Wfoid ksu jq fuu ld¾hh ud b;du;a Wiia f,i

w.h lrk w;r fï i|yd lemù ls%hd l< Tn ieug uf.a f.!rjdkaú; ia;=;sh msß kuñ'

tï't*a'tia'mS' chj¾OkksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a^úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh&

vi


WmfoaYkh ( wOHhk lghq;= uKav,h

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"

u.fmkaùu ( tï't*a'tia'mS' chj¾Ok uy;d

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a

úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

wëlaIKh ( wd¾'tia'fÊ'mS' Wvqfmdarej uy;d

wOHlaI

úoHd fomd¾;fïka;=j" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úIh kdhl;ajh ( ù' rdcqfoajka uhd - iyldr lÓldpd¾h"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

wNHka;r iïm;a odhl;ajh (

- wd¾' tia' fÊ'mS' Wvqfmdarej uy;d - fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

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- ví,sõ' ã' whs' Wmud,a uhd - iyldr lÓldpd¾h" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

ndysr iïm;a odhl;ajh (

- tï' mS' úmq,fiak uy;d -SLEAS-I wOHlaI ^úoHd&" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh

- ví,sõ' ta' ã' r;akiQßh uy;d -m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ ^úY%dñl&"


- ví,sõ' ã' úfÊisxy uy;d- m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ ^úY%dñl&"

vii



- tÉ' tia' fla' úch;s,l uy;d -SLEAS-I úY%dñl úÿy,am;s'

- ví,sõ' ã' úð;md, uy;d - ISA, l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" ß§.u'

- ta' tï' à' msf.ard uy;d - SLEAS-III iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI'

- fla' ã' nkaÿ, l=udr uhd" SLEAS-III iyldr wOHdmk flduidßia" wOHdmk

m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j'

- tï' ta' mS' uqKisxy uy;d - m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,OdÍ ^úY%dñl&"


- isrdks Èidkdhl ñh - úoHd .=re" úYdld úoHd,h" fld<U 04

- rkackS fm%aupkaø ñh -úY%dñl úoHd .=re'

- wdpd¾h tia' wd¾' l%sIaKrdÊ - úY%dñl lÓldpd¾h" újD; úYajúoHd,h

- à nd,l=udrka ñh - úY%dñl úoHd .=re

- tia' r;akl=udr uhd - úY%dñl úoHd .=re WmfoaYl

- tia' ,laIañ;ka;ka uhd - úoHd .=re

- tia' rùkaøka uhd - úoHd .=re

- tia' ;=Iska;ka uhd - úoHd .=re

- à' m%;dma uhd - úoHd .=re

mß.Kl ieliqu ( wd¾' wd¾' fla' m;srK

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úúO iydh ( - m;aud ùrj¾Ok ñh

- rkað;a ohdjxY uhd

- ux., je,smsáh uhd

viii


ye|skaùu

YsIHhd úoHd;aul Ôjk rgdjlg fhduq lrñka ta Tiafia uQ,sl jYfhka mqoa.,

ixj¾Okhg;a" oaú;Shsl jYfhka cd;sl ixj¾Okhg;a" u`. mdoñka" t ;=<ska wkkH

jQ;a" wdYap¾hj;a jQ;a" iuDoaêu;a jQ;a" Y%S ,xldjla ìys lsÍu úoHd úIhfha Rcq wNsu;d¾:h

fjhs'

tu Wodr mrud¾:h bgq lr .ekSfï l%udkql+, mokula f,i úoHd úIh i|yd u

iqúfYaIS jQ wruqKq iuqodhla msysgqjd we;' tu wruqKq ch .ekSug kï YsIHhd

wdiajdockl f,i úoHd úIh yeoEßh hq;= fjhs' fï Tn w;g m;a j we;af;a ta i|yd

ilia lrk ,o 8 fY%aKsfha .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh hs'

b;d by< idCIr;d uÜgulg ysñlï lshk" t fuka u f,dalfha wfkl=;a rgj,a yd

woaú;Sh wOHdmk uÜgula mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk YS% ,xldj" iajlSh mdi,a úIhud,dj

jir wgl úIhud,d pl%hla jYfhka" ióCIKhg Ndckh lrñka o" l< hq;= ixfYdaOk"

m%;sixialrK yd ixj¾Ok isÿ lrñka o" hdj;ald,Sk lrkq ,efí'

ta wkqj 2017 § fu fia bÈßm;a flfrkqfha yqfola mj;akd ksmqK;d mdol úoHd

úIhud,dfõ u ixialrKhls' 2007 § mdi,a moaO;shg y÷kajd fokq ,enQ úIhud,dj

iïnkaOfhka cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh fuka u fjk;a mßndysr wOHdmk wdh;k

úiska lrk ,o m¾fhaIKj, m%;sM,;a" mdi,aj, iy úúO fCIa;%j, úoaj;a m%cdj

úiska wkdjrKh lr fmkajk ,o f;dr;=re iy o;a; iuQyh;a" ie,ls,a,g .ksñka

fuu fjkialï isÿ lr we;'

tfiau .=rejrhdg úIh ikaOdrfha iSud uekeúka ksYaph lr .ekSug yd m%Yia;

uÜgñka we.hSï ld¾hh ie,eiqï lr .ekSug msájy,la f,i úIh ks¾foaYh ;=< u

bf.kqï M, o wvx.= lr we;'

;j o" .=rejrhdg bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh jvd;a fyd¢ka ixúOdkh lr .ekSu

i|yd jvd;a jeä ld,hla ,nd foñka o" w;HjYH lreKq we;=<;a lr meje;s úIhud,dfõ

nr wvq lrñka hï hï úIh fldgia bj;a lrñka o" kj úIhud,dj ixialrKh lr

we;' fï wkqj .=rejrhdg iajlSh ks¾udKYS,S l%ufõo wkqj mka;s ldur bf.kqï-

b.ekaùï l%shdj,sfha fh§ug jvd;a jeä ksoyila ,efnk mßÈ fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

ilia lr we;'

ix


cd;sl wruqKq

(i) udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha

ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh"

cd;sl iu`.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu u`.ska cd;sh f.dvke`.Su iy Y%S

,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

(ii) fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.j,g m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye`.s

odhdo y÷kd .ekSu iy ixrCIKh lsÍu

(iii) udkj whs;sjdislïj,g .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<sn| oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u

ne£ulska hq;= j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk .=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug

bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu; iy m%cd;dka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla

ks¾udKh lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k heug iydh ùu

(iv) mqoa.,hkaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm; iy udkj w.hhkag .re lsÍu u;

mokï jQ ;srir Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu'

(v) iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla i|yd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh" úpdrYS,S

Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=¿ fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu

(vi) mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj .=Kh jeä ÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól

ixj¾Okh i|yd odhl jk M,odhS ld¾hhka i|yd wOHdmkh ;=<ska udkj iïm;a

ixj¾Okh lsÍu'

(vii) YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev .eiSug yd tajd

md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hka iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmaCIs; wjia:dj,g

id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu'

(viii) cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh"

iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh

l sÍ u '

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ jd¾;dj - ^2003&

x


cd;sl fmdÿ ksmqK;dwOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d fmr i|yka cd;sl

wruqKq uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'

(i) ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh

hk wkqldKav y;rla u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'

idlaIr;dj ( idjOdk weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l;d lsÍu" f;areï

.ekSu i|yd lshùu" ksjerÈ j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu'

M,odhS whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu'

ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu ( NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h"

.Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i|yd l%udkql+,

b,lalï Ndú;h

rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu

iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K .<mñka úia;r" Wmfoia

yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu

f;dr;=re ;dCIK m%ùK;ajh ( mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hka

;=< § o fm!oa.,sl ðú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy

ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'

(ii) fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d

- ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh

lsÍu" úpdrYS,S yd ú.%d;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r

in|;d" kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks w.hhka'

- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh

(iii) mßirhg wod< ksmqK;d

fuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl

idudðlhka ùu yd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK

hqla;sh ms<sn| ye`.Su" iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH

yd ffk;sl iïm%odhhka" whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;==lï iy ne£ï'

ffcj mßirh( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .iaje,a" jkdka;r"

uqyqÿ" c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh- Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia

Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d'

xi


fN!;sl mßirh( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfha

we;s iïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj myiqj"

kskao" ksial,xlh" úfõlh" wmøjH iy u,my lsÍu hkdÈh

yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh" ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj' bf.kSu"

jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu i|yd fuj,ï iy ;dlaIKh

m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'

(iv) jev f,dalhg iQodkï ùfï ksmqK;d

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu

;u jD;a;Sh <eÈhd iy wNsfhda.;d y÷kd .ekSu

yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr

Ôjfkdamdhl ksr; ùu hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod<

fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d

(v) wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;d

mqoa.hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdrO¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisÍï

rgdjkag wkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd

w.hhka Wlyd .ekSu yd iaùhlrKh

(vi) l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;d

fi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a

ks¾udKd;aul Ôjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka

udkqIsl w;aoelSï

(vii) zbf.kSug bf.kSuZ ms<sn| ksmqK;d

YS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla

yryd fjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a

iajdëk j bf.k .ekSu;a i|yd mqoa.,hka yg Yla;sh ,nd §u

xii


6 -11 úoHd úIh ud,dfõ wNsu;d¾:

wdiajdockl bf.kqï mßirhla ;=<ska úoHd;aul ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u l%udkql+,

j f.dvk`.d .kshs'

úoHdfõ l%shdj,s yd úoHd;aul l%uh WÑ; whqßka fhdod .ksñka .eg¨ úi£ug

wjYH ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .kshs'

mßir iïm;aj, úNjH;d wjfndaO lr .ksñka tu iïm;a m%{df.dapr j

l<ukdlrKh lsÍug wjYH ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .kshs'

YdÍßl yd udkisl jYfhka fi!LH iïmkak Ôjk rgdjla i|yd úoHd {dkh

fhdod .ekSug wod< ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .kshs'

foaYfha ixj¾Okhg odhl úh yels id¾:l mqrjeishl= f,i iduQysl j Ôj;a ùu

i|yd o" jeäÿr wOHdmkh yd wkd.; /lshd i|yd o" wjYH ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr

.kshs'

iajdNdúl ixisoaê yd úYajh ms<sn| úoHd;aul moku wjfndaO lr .ekSug wjYH

ksmqK;d j¾Okh lr .kshs'

n,h yd Yla;sh Ndú;fha § m,odhs;dj yd ld¾hCIu;dj m%Yia; uÜgulg

j¾Okh lr .ekSu i|yd WÑ; ;dCIKh fhdod .ekSug W;aiql fjhs'

úoHdfõ .;sl iajNdjh iy iSud y÷kd f.k tÈfkod Ôú;fha w;a ú¢k isÿùï

iy úúO udOH Tiafia ,efnk f;dr;=re úoHd;aul ks¾Kdhl wkqj w.ehSfï

l=i,;d j¾Okh lr .kshs'

xiii

8 fY

a%Ksh

úoH

dj .

=reu

d¾f

.dam

foaY

h

úoHdj

8 fY%AKsh

úIh ks¾foaYh

xiv

8 fY

a%Ksh

úoH

dj- .

=reu

d¾f

.dam

foaY

hmdi,ajdrh

wxlh wxlh ksmqK;d uÜgu

1

2

3

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

i

ii

iii

iv

v

vi

vii

viii

i

ii

iii

iv

v

1'1 laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu .fõIKh lrhs'

1'2 i;a;aj ldKavj, ndysr ,laIK mÍlaId lrhs'

1'3 Ydlj, m%Odk lD;H úia;r lrhs'

2'1 mod¾:fha wika;; iajNdjh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

2'2 ffoksl Ôú;fha § mod¾:fha fN!;sl .=K m%fhdackhg .kakd wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'

3'1 èjksh ksIamdokh ms<sn| j ±kqj;a fjhs'

3'2 èjksh ksIamdokh i|yd ir, WmlrK ;kñka wjYH y`v W;amdokh lsÍug jqjukd fjkialï

isÿ lrhs'

3'3 M,odhs f,i pqïnl Ndú; lsÍu ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nhs'

3'4 Odrd úoHq;h iïnkaO uQ,sl rdYs ms<sn| j ±kqj;a fjñka wod< WmlrK Ndú; lr tu rdYs ukshs'

2'3 mßirfha isÿ jk mod¾:fha fjkialïj, m%;sM, .fõIKh lrhs'

1'4 udkj nysiai%dùh moaO;sh .fõIKh lrhs'

1'5 udkj iakdhq moaO;s .fõIKh lrhs'

1'6 ñksidf.a ifuys jHQyuh yd lD;Huh iïnkaO;dj mÍlaId lrhs'

3'5 ir, úoHq;a WjdrKj, M,odhs;dj ffoksl lghq;= i|yd m%fhdackhg .kshs'

3'6 tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úoHq;fha M, ld¾hlaIu f,i Ndú;hg .kshs'

1'7 Ydlj, meje;au yd mßirfha iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre flfrk Ydl l%shdj,s iuyrla úu¾Ykh lrhs'

1'8 Ôúhl=f.a Ôjk pl%h ksÍlaIKh lr wjfndaO lr .kshs'

1'9 wdydr øjHhla ñ, § .ekSfï § wdydr mßrlaIKh yd meiqreu ms<sn| ±kqu Ndú;hg .kS'

4'1 fi!r.%y uKav,h" wNHjldYh yd wNHjldY .fõIK ms<sn| f;dr;=re msßlaihs'

4'2 fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ta wdY%s; jeo.;a ixisoaê iuyrla wdo¾Ykh lsÍfï l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lr

.ks hs'

4'3 iajNdúl wdmod wdY%s; foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij, úoHd;aul moku .fõIKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo

05

06

05

08

08

06

08

06

20

03

03

02

08

08

08

08

06

20

08

38

58

50

1


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhs;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh yd

ffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu .fõIKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 05 hs

bf.kqï m, (

YsIHhkag(

mshú weiska ±lsh fkdyels Ôùka isák nj fmkaùug ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ

lsÍug;a

laIqø Ôùka wdydr u; we;s lrk n,mEï úu¾Ykh lsÍug lKavdhï

l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lsÍug yd isÿ lsÍug;a

laIqø Ôùka úiska hï hï øjHj, .=K fjkia lsÍug Ndck lrk wjia:d

.fõIKh lsÍug;a

laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug yd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a

laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu m%ldY lsÍug;a

we;eï laIqø Ôùka m%fhdackj;a nj iy ;j;a we;eï laIqø Ôùka ydkslr

nj ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (

f;dard.;a wdydr øjH ̂iSks ødjKh$rd& u; laIqø Ôùkaf.a n,mEu fmkakqï

lsÍu i|yd ir, mÍlaIK ie,iqï lr l%shd;aul lrkak'

laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu wdo¾Ykh lr" ta ms<sn| j .fõIKh lsÍug

YsIHhkag iydh jkak' wk;=re j idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

laIqø Ôùka ksid øjHj, fjkialï isÿ jk wjia:d ksÍlaIKh lr jd¾;d

lrkak'

laIqø Ôùka ydkslr jk yd m%fhdackj;a jk wjia:d ,ehsia;= .; lsÍug

YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu hk ud;Dldj hgf;a fmd;a msxpla ms<sfh,

lsÍug YsIHhka fufyhjkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

laIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;alu" wdydr øjH krlaùu" laIqø Ôù l%shdldß;ajh

md,kh" laIqø Ôj ydhkh" laIqø Ôùkaf.a Ndú;" fndajk frda.

2


.=Kd;aul fhojqï

ùäfhda la,sm$lshùï øjH" iSks ødjKh$rd" lsß" wkaùlaIh" lod" jeiqï fm;s" m%;sÔjl"

pH lvodis" wjYH ùÿre nvq" ì%iag,a fndaâ" udl¾ mEka

;lafiarelrKh yd we.hSu i|yd Wmfoia

my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr" f;dard .;a wdydr øjH u; laIqø Ôùkaf.a

n,mEu fmkaùu i|yd isÿ lrk ,o mÍlaIKj, § YsIH ld¾hNdrh ;lafiare

lrkak'

ksis ie,iqïlrKh

WmlrK yeisrùu

úp,H yeisrùu

ksÍlaIK jd¾;dlrKh

my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka zlaIqø Ôùkaf.a jeo.;aluZ kue;s

mqia;sldj ;lafire lrkak'

f;dr;=rej, ksrjoH;dj

f;dr;=rej, wod<;ajh

f;dr;=rej, im%udKsl nj

mqia;sldfõ .=Kd;aul nj

3


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhs;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh yd


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( i;a;aj ldKavj, ndysr ,laIK mÍlaId lrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 06 hs'

bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

wmDIaGjxYS ldKav i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla i|yka lrñka yels wdo¾Y lsysmhla

tl;= lsÍug;a îSf,kagf¾gdjka" wefk,svdjka" fudïaldjka yd

wdf;%dfmdavdjka&

mDIaGjxYS ldKav i|yd ksoiqka lsysmhla i|yka lrñka yels wdo¾Y lsysmhla

tl;= lsÍug;a ^msiaflaia$u;aiHhka" wïmsìhdjka" laISrmdhSka&

ndysr ,laIK Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka fok ,o wmDIaGjxYSka m%Odk ldKavj,g

j¾.SlrKh lsÍug;a

ndysr ,laIK Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka fok ,o mDIaGjxYSka m%Odk ldKavj,g

j¾.SlrKh lsÍug;a

wmDIaGjxYSkaf.a yd mDIaGjxYSkaf.a úúO;ajh w.h lsÍug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

kso¾Yl$mska;+r$rEm igyka$ùäfhda la,sm wdldrfhka bÈßm;a lrk ,o'

i;=kaf.a wkkH ndysr ,laIK .fõIKh lsÍug YsIHhkag iydh jkak'

by; i;=ka wmDIaGjxYSka yd mDIaGjxYSka f,i j¾.SlrKh lrk fia

YsIHhkag mjikak'

wkkH ndysr ,laIK mokï lr .ksñka wmDIaGjxYSka" iSf,daudka;%Orhka"

wfk,svdjka" wdf;%dfmdavdjka yd uDoajxYSka ̂ fudïaldjka& f,i j¾.SlrKh

lsÍug YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

wkkH ndysr ,laIK mokï lr .ksñka mDIaGjxYSka msiaflaia ̂ u;aiHhka&"

wïmsìhdjka ^WNh Ôùka&" Wr.hka" mlaISka ^wdfõia& yd laISrmdhSka f,i

j¾.SlrKh lsÍug YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

mßirh .fõIKh lr" lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd mDIaGjxYSka yd

wmDIaGjxYSka ms<sn| j f;dr;=re /ia lrk fia YsIHhkag mjikak'

4


m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

wmDIaGjxYSka" iSf,daudka;%Orhka ^iSf,kagf¾gdjka&" wfk,svdjka" fud¨ialdjka"

wdf;%dfmdavdjka" mDIaGjxYSka" msiaflaia" wïmsìhdjka ̂ WNh Ôùka&" Wr.hka" wdfõia

^mlaISka&" laISrmdhSka

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

ùäfhda la,sm" lshùï øjH" wdo¾Y" mska;+r" rEm igyka


my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍu ;lafiare

lrkak'

ld, l<ukdlrKh

wod<;ajh

f;dr;=rej, ksrjoHd;j

lKavdhï jev

iqÿiq fuj,ï Ndú;h

5


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhS;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh ydffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( Ydlj, m%Odk lD;H úia;r lrhs'


bf.kqï m, (

YsIHhkag(

Ydlhl m%Odk fldgia .fõIKh lr tajdfha rEm igyka we£ug;a

Ydlhl m%Odk fldgiaj, uQ,sl lD;H úia;r lsÍug;a

Ydlj, úúO;ajhg ;=vq fok wkqj¾;k meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

Ydlj, m%Odk fldgiaj, wkqj¾;k tajdfha iqúfYaI lD;Hj,g iïnkaO

lsÍu wruqKq lr .ksñka mßirh úu¾Ykh lsÍug;a

iqúfYaI wkqj¾;k iys; Ydl m;%j," l|kaj, yd uq,aj, wdo¾Y tl;=

lsÍug yd we£ug;a

Ydl wdo¾Yj, tl;=jla ms<sfh, lssÍug yd wod< f;dr;=re iu. tajd

ixrlaIKh lsÍug;a

Ydlj, úúO fldgiaj, úúO;ajh w.h lsÍug;a

mßir .fõIKfha § mßirhg isÿ úh yels ydksh wju úh hq;= nj

ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


fkdfhla Ydl fldgiaj, ksheÈ$mska;+r mka;shg /f.k tk f,i

YsIHhkag Wmfoia fokak'

Ydlj, m%Odk fldgia jkafka uq," l|" m;%" yd îc nj myod oS tajdfha

uQ,sl lD;H ms<sn| j idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

my; oelafjk lreKq ksÍlaIKh i|yd lafIa;% pdßldjla isÿ lr Ydl

fldgiaj, wkqj¾;k tajdfha lD;Hhkg iïnkaO lsÍu u.fmkajkak'

- m;%j, úúO;ajh

- l|kaj, úúO;ajh

- uq,aj, úúO;ajh

ksheÈ tl;= lrñka" iqúfYaI wkqj¾;k fmkakqï lrk m;%j," l|kaj,"

yd uq,aj, rEm igyka we|Sug YsIHhkag fufyhjkak'

Ydl m;%j, m%Odk ld¾hh m%NdixYaf,aIKh nj;a Bg wu;r j Ydl m;%

W;aiafõokh wvq lsÍug" wdydr ixÑ; lsÍug yd m%pdrKhg WmldÍ jk

nj;a meyeÈ,s lrkak'

6


Ydl lf|ys m%Odk lD;H jkafka u,a yd M, ord isàu;a" wdldr" c,h yd

Lksc mßjykh;a nj úia;r lrkak'

we;eï Ydl l|ka m%NdixYaf,aIKhg" by< ke.Sug" m%pdrKhg yd

ixpdhkhg wkqj¾;kh jQ l|kaj,ska hqla; jk nj ksoiqka weiqßka meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

uq,aj, m%Odk lD;Hh c,h iy LKsv wjfYdaIKh yd Ydlh mig iú

lsÍu nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

ksoiqka foñka wdlka§" lre" lhsre" wdfrdayK" jdhj yd Yajik wdos úúO

uq,a ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lsÍula lrkak'

Ydlj, kso¾Yl tl;=jla rlaIKh lr ;nkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

m%NdixYaf,aIl l|ka" wdfrdayl l|ka" m%pdrK l|ka" N+.; l|ka" wdlka§ l|ka"

lre uq,a" lhsre uq,a" jdhj uq,a" Yajik uq,a

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

lafIa;% igyka fmd;" msysh" kso¾Yl ird" w;a ldph" veys w`vq" l;=re


my; oelafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka kso¾Yl tl;=j w.hkak'

mq¿,a mrdihlska hq;a kso¾Yl tl;=j


ks¾udKYS,S nj

iqÿiq l%u u.ska rlaIKh lsÍu

7


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhS;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh yd


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4 ( udkj nysiai%dùh moaO;sh .fõIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï m, (

YsIHhkag(

nysiai%djh hkq l=ula oehs m%ldY lsÍug;a

udkj nysiai%dùh bkaøsh yd nysiai%dùh M, kï lsÍug;a

udkj uq;% moaO;sfhys m%Odk fldgia we| kï lsÍug;a

jDlalfha msysàu yd jHQyh úia;r lsÍug;a

jl=.vqj,g ydks ùug fya;= yd th j<lajd .ekSug wkq.ukh l< hq;=

ms<sfj;a m%ldY lsÍug;a

ksis mßÈ l%shd;aul jk nysiai%dùh moaO;shla i|yd fi!LH iïmkak Ôjk

rgdjla mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


nysiai%djh iy u,my lsÍu ̂ f¾Lkh& w;r fjki y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhkaa

fhduq lrkak'

udkjhdf.a úúO nysiai%dùh M, .fõIKh lsÍug YsIHhkag iydh jkak'

wdlD;s$pdÜ igyka$rEm igyka wdY%fhka udkj fu!; moaO;sfha msysàu"

fldgia yd jDlalj, jHQyh fmkakqï lrkak'

nysi%dùh moaO;sfha ksis l%shdldß;ajh i|yd fi!LH iïmkak Ôjk rgdjla

mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu .ek lKavdhï idlÉPd ixúOdkh lrkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,amnysiai%djh" nysiai%dùh M," fu!;% moaO;sh" jDlalh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

wdlD;s" pdÜ igyka" nysiai%dùh moaO;sfha rEm igyka" mdg mEka" äuhs fld<


my; § we;s ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka" lKavdhï idlÉPdj, ksr; j isák

w;r;=r YsIH lKavdhï ;lafiare lrkak'

il%sh iyNd.s;ajh


f;dr;=re wod<;ajh

lKavdhï jev

8


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhS;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjhyd ffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'5 ( udkj iakdhq moaO;s .fõIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

iakdhq iudfhdackh hkq ljrla ±hs idlÉPd lsÍug;a

udkj uOH iakdhq moaO;sfha m%Odk fldgia y÷kd .ekSug;a

uOHu iakdhq moaO;sh wdrlaId ù we;s wdldrh m%ldY lsÍug;a

m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sh hkq l=ula ±hs m%ldY lsÍug;a

iakdhq wdfõ.hl iajNdjh wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula

ie,iqï lsÍug;a

tÈfkod lghq;=j, § myiqfjka ydkshg m;a úh yels iakdhq moaO;sfha

wdrlaIdj i|yd wjYH ms<sfj;a wkq.ukh lsÍfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


iakdhq iudfhdackh hkq l=ula ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

iakdhq moaO;sh iukaú; ù we;af;a uOH iakdhq moaO;sfhka yd m¾hka;

iakdhq moaO;sfhka nj YsIHhkag ±k.ekSug i,iajkak'

uOH iakdhq moaO;sh fud<fhka yd iqIqïkdfjka hqla; nj mjikak'

rEm igyka$pdÜ igyka$wdlD;s$ùäfhda la,sm Ndú; lr YsIHhkag iakdhq

moaO;sh iE§ we;s fldgia y÷kajd fokak'

fud<fha m%Odk fldgiaj, lD;H idlÉPd lrkak'

iqIqïkdfõ lD;H idlÉPd lrkak'

uOH iakdhq moaO;sh wdrlaId lr .ekSug wkq.ukh l< hq;= ms<sfj;a .ek

fidhd ne,Su YsIHhka isiqka fhduq lrkak'

m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sh .ek ms<sn| idlÉPd lrk

m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sfha we;=<;aj jkafka ljr oE ±hs isiqkg ±k .ekSug

i,iajkak'

ñksia isref¾ iakdhq wdfõ. .uka .kakd wdldrh fmkaùug ir,

l%shdldrlula isÿ lrkak'

zztÈfkod Ôú;fha § iakdhq moaO;sfha wdrlaIdj Wfoid .kakd ms<sfj;aj,

jeo.;aluZZ hk uefhka l=vd fmd;a msxpla ilia lsÍug YSIHfhda

fufyhjkak'

9


m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

iakdhq moaO;sh" iakdhq iudfhdackh" uOHu iakdhq moaO;sh" m¾hka; iakdhq moaO;sh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

wdlD;s" pdÜ igyka" rEm igyka


my; § we;s ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka fmd;a msxp w.hkak'

lreKqj, ksrjH;dj yd f;dr;=re wod<;ajh

l%udkql+, nj

ksis l,g bÈßm;a lsÍu

10


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhs;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjhyd ffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'6 ( ñksidf.a ifuys jHQyuh yd lD;Huh iïnkaO;dj mÍlaIdlrhs'

ld,Éfþo ixLHdj ( 02hs'

bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

udkj p¾ufha m%Odk lD;H meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

udkj ifuys o< igykla we£ug yd tys m%Odk fldgia kï lsÍug;a

iu u; flfrk hï msßhï yd tajdfha m%;sM, ms<sn| j f;dr;=re /ia

lsÍug;a

kSfrda.S iula mj;ajd .ekSfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

iu wkjYH msßhï lsÍïj,g Ndck lsÍfuka je<lSfï wjYH;dj

ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


p¾uh" isref¾ úYd,;u bkaøsh f,i y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhka fhduq

lrkak'

ñksia ifuys kï fkdlrk ,o rEm igykla$pdÜ igykla$wdlS;shla

bÈßm;a lr tys fldgia y÷kd .kakd fia YsIHhkag mjikak'

ifuys rEm igykla we| tys fldgia kï lsÍug YsIHfhda fufyhjkak'

ifuys m%Odk lD;H wjOdrKh lrñka mka;sldur idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

iu msßisÿ j ;nd .ekSfï jeo.;alu fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï

ks¾uKh lr tajd YsIHfhda ,jd bÈßm;a lrjkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

p¾uh" wmsp¾uh" wOYap¾uh" iafõo .%kaÓ" iafkayi%dù .%kaÓ" frdau l+mh ^frdau

iHQksldj&

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

wdlD;s" pdÜ igyka" rEm igyka


iu ms<sn| j ;r.hla mj;ajd iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl Ndú;hg .ksñka YsIH

ld¾hidOkh ;lafire lrkak'

11


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhS;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh yd


ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'7 ( Ydlj, meje;au yd mßirfha iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre flfrk

Ydl l%shdj,s iuyrla úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

úirKh yd wdi%e;sh wdo¾Ykh lsÍug ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

úirKh yd wdi%e;sh Ydlj, m%Odk mßjyk l%u f,i úia;r lsÍug;a

c,h mßjykh fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

ødjH Lksc yd wdydr øjH Ydlj, mßjyk moaO;s yryd mßjykh úu

i|yd iqÿiq WodyrK m%ldY lsÍug;a

Ydlj, meje;au i|yd øjH mßjykfha jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

Ydlj, W;aiafõokh fmkaùu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lsÍug yd

isÿ lsÍug;a

iqÿiq WodyrK u.ska W;aiafõokh wju lsÍu i|yd Ydlj, we;s wkqj¾;k

úu¾Ykh lsÍug yd jd¾;d lsÍug;a

W;aiafõokfha jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ìkaÿoh yd W;aiafõokh w;r fjki y÷kd .ekSug;a

m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha m%Odk M,h yd w;=re M,h fmkaùu i|yd ir, mÍlaId

isÿ lsÍug;a

m%Ndixiaf,aIKh jpk iólrKhla u.ska ±laùug;a

m%Ndixiaf,aIKfha f.da,Sh jeo.;alu ms<sn| jd¾;djla ix.%y lsÍu;a

ffcj f,dalfha meje;au i|yd m%NdixYaf,aIKfha jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


iQ¾h Yla;sh yuqfõ Ydl wdydr ^msIagh& ksIamdokh lrk nj fmkaùug

iqÿiq mÍlaIK ks¾udKh lsÍug;a isÿ lsÍug;a YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

m%NdixYaf,aIKfha w;=re M,hla f,i Tlaiscka jdhqj msg jk nj fmkaùu

i|yd iqÿiq mÍlaIKhla wegjqï lsÍug YsIHhkag iydh jkak'

jpk iólrKh Ndú;fhka m%NdixYaf,aIK l%shdj,sh myokak'

m%NdixYaf,aIKfha f.da,Sh jeo.;alu ms<sn| j jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lsÍug

YsIHhkag myiqlï i,ikak'

úirKh yd wdi%e;sh wdo¾Ykh flfrk my; ±lafjk mÍlaIK ks¾udKh

lsÍug yd isÿ lsÍug yd isÿ lsÍu YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

12


- úirKh ( fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ c,fha ødjKh ùu

- wdi%e;sh ( ì;a;r isúh yd ¨Kq øjKfha mÍlaIKh

úirKh" wdi%e;sh yd ialkaO m%jdyh Ydlj, m%Odk mßjyk l%u nj myod

fokak'

Ydlj, c,h" Lksc yd wdydr mßjykh fmkakqï lsÍug my; ±lafjk

l%shdldrlï fyda fjkia iqÿiq l%shdldrlï isÿ lrkak'

- c,h ( lmk ,o Ydl l|lska hqI jEiaiSu

- Lksc mßjykh ( c,fha Èh lrk ,o fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ Ydl

l|la yryd .uka lsÍu'

W;aiafõokh fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir, WmlrK wegjqï ilia lsÍug

YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak' W;aiafõok l%shdj,sh wdo¾Ykh lsÍug ir,

l%shdldrlï isÿ lrkak'

W;aiafõok l%shdj,sh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

W;aiafõokh wju lsÍu i|yd Ydl wkqj¾;kh ù we;s wdldrh ksÍlaIKh

lr jd¾;d lsÍug yd ix.%y lsÍug YsIHhka fufyhjkak'

ìkaÿoh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu YsIHhkag u`.fmkajkak' ìkaÿoh yd W;aiafõokh

w;r fjki idlÉPd lrkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

m%NdixYaf,aIKh" mßjykh" wdi%e;sh" úirKh" ialkaO m%jdyh" W;aiafõokh"

ìkaÿoh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ" îlr" ¨Kq" msysh" ì;a;r" fmdaÉÑj, isgqjk ,o Ydl"

mÍlaIK k<" fia,hska ng'


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka W;aiafõokh fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd

ilik ,o ir, WmlrK w.hkak'

WmlrK msßie,iqu

13


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhs;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh ydffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'8 ( Ôúhl=f.a Ôjk pl%h ksÍlaIKh lr wjfndaO lr .kshs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

ieu Ôúhl=g u Ôjk pl%hhlska iïmQ¾K jk Ôú; ld,hla we;s nj

rEmigyka weiqßka fmkajd §ug;a

udkjhdf.a yd iuk,hdf.a Ôjk pl% y÷kajd § ixikaokh lsÍug;a

rEmdka;rKh hk moh úia;r lsÍug;a

rEmdka;rKh iys; Ôjk pl% we;s Ôùka ^ueähd& yd rEmdka;rKh rys;

Ôjk pl% we;s Ôùka ^óhd& i|yd ksoiqka iemhSug;a

iïmQ¾K yd wiïmQ¾K rEmdka;rK fjka lr y÷kd .ekSug;a

iïmQ¾K yd wiïmQ¾K rEmdka;rK i|yd ksoiqka iemhSug;a

rEmigyka weiqßka imqIam Ydlhl Ôjk pl%h bÈßm;a lsÍug;a

Ôjk pl%hl úúO wÈhr i|yd imhd .; yels wdo¾Y tl;= lsÍug yd

tajd WÑ; wdldrfhka m%o¾Ykh lsÍug;a

id¾:l f,i u¾okh lsÍfï wruqKska hq;= j m<sfndaOlhkaf.a Ôjk

pl%j, úúO wÈhr y÷kd .ekSug;a

m<sfndaO id¾:l f,i u¾okh lsÍu i|yd Ôjk pl%j, wÈhr Ndú;hg

.; yels nj ms<s.ekSug;a

ffcj úúO;ajh iq/lSu i|yd Ôjk pl%j, ixfõ§ wÈhr wdrlaId

lsÍfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


ukqIHhdf.a yd iuk<hdf.a Ôjk pl% we|" yeu Ôúhl=g u Ôjk pl%hlska

iïmQ¾K flfrk Ôú; ld,hla we;s nj úia;r lsÍug YsIHhkag

u.fmkajkak'

udkjhdf.a yd iuk<hdf.a Ôjk pl%j, fjkialï fmkakqï lsÍug

idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

Wmf;a § we;eï i;ajhkaf.a cks;hska iqyqUq,dg iudk fia fmfkk nj;a

;j;a iuyr Ôùkaf.a Wmf;a § rEmdldrh iqyqUq,kag fjkia nj;a biau;=

lrñka idlÉPdjla wdrïN lrkak'

14


udkjhdf.a yd iuk<hdf.a Ôjk pl% Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka rEmdka;rKh

úia;r lrkak'

YsIHhka úiska w¢k ,o Ôjk pl% ̂ Wod( óhd" iuk<hd& Ndú; lr iïmQ¾K

yd wiïmQ¾K rEmdka;rK fjka lr olajkak'

rEm igyka u.ska imqIam Ydlhl Ôjk pl%h úoyd ±laùug;a tys Ôjk

pl%fha úúO wjia:dj,g wkqrEm kso¾Yl tl;= lsÍug;a YsIH lKavdhïj,g

mjikak'

m<sfndaOhkaf.a Ôjk pl%j, wjia:d ms<sn| j idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

ñksidg yd Ydlj,g ydks muqKqjk" m<sfndaOhkaf.a úúO Ôjk wjia:d

y÷kd .kakd fia YsIHhkag mjikak'

Ôjk pl%fha úúO wjia:d md,kh lsÍfuka m<sfndaO md,kh l< yels

nj wjOdrKh lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

rEmdka;rKh" iïmQ¾K rEmdka;rKh" wiïmQ¾K rEmdka;rKh" m<sfndaO

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

äuhs lvodis" meiag,a" Ydlj, yd i;=kaf.a Ôjk pl% fmkakqï lrk rEm igyka


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú;hg .ksñka YsIHfhda úiska w¢k ,o Ôjk pl%j,

rEm igyka w.hkak'

ksrjoH;dj

l%uj;a nj

Ôjk pl%j, úúO wjia:d y÷kd .ekSu

15


ksmqK;dj 1¡0 ( ffcùh moaO;sj, M,odhs;dj jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd Ôjh ydffcj l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'9 ( wdydr øjHhla ñ,§ .ekSfï § wdydr mßrlaIKh yd meiqreums<sn| ±kqu Ndú;hg .kS'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

wdydr mßrlaIKh hkq l=ula±hs úia;r lsÍug;a

wdydr mßrlaIKfha wjYH;dj meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

mßrlaIKh lrk ,o yd mßrlaIKh fkdlrk ,o i|yd ksoiqka

iemhSug;a

meiqreï lrk ,o wdydr i|yd ksoiqka iemhSug;a

wdydr mßrlaIKh i|yd Ndú; flfrk úúO idïm%odhsl yd kùk

;dlaIKsl l%u ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug;a

wdydr mßrlaIKhg mokï jk uQ,O¾u meyeÈ,s lsÍu;a

imhk ,o wdydruh whs;u mßrlaIKh lsÍug;a

mßrlaIKh lrk ,o yd msßie,iqï lrk ,o wdydrj, jdis yd wjdis

,ehsia;=.; lsÍug;a

ñ,§ .ekSug fmr" msßie,iqï lrk ,o wdydr weiqreïj, uqøKh lr

we;s f;dr;=re úYaf,aIKh lsÍfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


úúO mßrlaIs; wdydr øjHj, ksieÈ ksÍlaIKh lrjkak'

isiqkg tajdfha f,an, ksÍlaIKh lrk fia mjid my; ±lafjk j.=j

iïmQ¾K lsÍug u.fmkajkak'

by; j.=.; lr we;s meiqreï lrk ,o wdydr øjH kjuq wdydr øjH iu.

iei£ug isiqka fhduq lrkak'

wxlh meiqreï lrk

,o wdydr øjH

mßrlaIKh

lrk ,o l%uh

wdl,k

øjH

ksIamdÈ;

Èkh

l,a bl=;a

jk Èkh

1.

2.

16


idïm%odhsl wdydr mßrlaIK úê ms<sn| j f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug;a iqÿiq

l%uhla Ndú; lr tajd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a isiq lKavdhïj,g mjrkak'

wdydr mßrlaIKh i|yd Ndú; jk úúO kùk ;dlaIKsl l%u .fõIKh

lr ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug YsIHhkag iydh jkak' yels kï wdikak;u wdydr

meiqreï lïy,lg lafIa;% pdßldjla ixúOdkh lrkak'

wdydr krlaùug fya;=ldrl f,i laIqø Ôù úfhdackh yd iaj-úfhdackh

y÷kajd § wdydr mßrlaIKh msgqmi we;s úúO uQ,O¾u .fõIKh lsÍug

YsIHhkag bv fokak'

wdydr meiqrefuys jdis yd wjdis ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug YsIHhkag iydh

jkak'

meiqreï lrk ,o wdydrj, jdis yd wjdis ms<sn| j YsIHhka w;r újdohla

ixúOdkh lrkak' i`.rd" fmd;a" mqj;am;a jeks wod< øjH imhd § YsIHhkg

iydh jkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

wdydr mßrlaIKh" meiqreï l< wdydr" mßrlaIl

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

ì%iag,a fndaâ" udl¾ mEka" meiqreï l< úúO wdydr weiqreïj, f,an,


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú;hg .ksñka isiqka úiska w¢k ,o Ôjk

pl%j, rEmigyka w.hkak'

bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d

WÑ; idlaIH f.kyer ±laùu

idlaIHj, úYajiH;dj

my; § we;s ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj bÈßm;a lsÍï lrk ^l:d" fmdaiag¾

wdÈh u.ska& isiqkaf.a ld¾h idOkh ;lafiare lrkak'

f;dr;=rej, úúO;ajh


;¾ldkql+, bÈßm;a lsÍu

17


ksmqK;dj 2¡0 ( Ôú;fha .=Kd;auh by< kexùu i|yd mod¾:h" mod¾:fha.=K yd tajdfha wka;¾l%shd úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( mod¾:fha wika;; iajNdjh úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

>k" øj yd jdhqj, wxY=uh$wika;; nj fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir,

l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

mod¾:fha wika;; nj ;yjqre flfrk ksoiqka ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug;a

mod¾:fha ;%súO wjia:dfjys wxY=j, ieleiau rEm igyka weiqßka

ksrEmKh lsÍug;a

mod¾:h b;d l=vd wxY=j,ska iE§ we;s nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

yevh yd mßudj" >k" øj yd jdhqj, fN!;sl .=K folla f,i meyeÈ,s

lsÍug;a

>k;ajh yd iïmSvH;dj meyeÈ,s lsÍug yd tajd mod¾:fha ;j;a

fN!;sl .=K folla fia y÷kajd §ug;a

fok ,o fN!;sl .=K wkqnoaO jQ >k" øj yd jdhq ixikaokh lsÍug;a

ffoksl Ôú;hg mod¾:fha wika;; iajNdjfhys jeo.;alu

ms<s.ekSug;a

mod¾:fha iajNdjh wjfndaO lsÍu i|yd úoHd{hka úiska Ndú;

flfrk ;d¾lsl iufmalaIKh w.h lsÍug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


ir, l%shdldrlï u.ska zmod¾:hZ hkqfjka woyia lrkafka l=ula ±hs wjfndaO

lr .ekSug u.fmkajkak'

mod¾:h hkq zialkaOhla iys; bvla .kakd ´kE u fohlaZ f,i w¾:

olajkak'

mod¾:h >k" øj yd jdhq hk ;%súO wjia:dfõ mj;sk nj wjfndaO lr

.ekSug fhduq lrkak'

rg yqkq yd mdg ;Ska; Ndú;fhka >kj, o" fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ yd

c,h Ndú;fhka øjj, o" j¾Kj;a jdhqjla yd jd;h Ndú;fhka jdhqj, o

wikak; nj wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

mod¾:h wikak; nj wjOdrKh lsÍug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

18


>k" øj yd jdhqj, wikak; nj ;yjqre flfrk idlaIH we;=<;a pdÜ

igykla ms<sfh, lsÍug Wmldr lrkak'

yevh" iSudldÍ mDIaG ixLHdj" mßudj" iïmSvH;dj" .,d hEfï .=Kh yd

fjkia jk WIaK;ajh iu. øjHhl mßudj yd >k;ajh úp,kh ùu jeks

ufyalaI .=K wxY=j, yeisÍu weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'

rEmigyka Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka >k" øj yd jdhqj, wxY+ ilia ù we;s

wdldrh ±lafjk wdlD;shla fhdackd lrkak'

mod¾:fha wika;;sl nj úoyd ±lafjk wdlD;s ;ekSug u.fmkajkak'

mod¾:fha iajNdjh wjfndaO lr .ekSug úoHd{hka úiska Ndú; lr we;s

;d¾lsl mßl,amkh w.h lsÍug fmd,Ujkak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

ufyalaI .=K" iïmSvH;dj" wika;; iajNdjh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

rEm igyka" pdÜ igyka" wdlD;s" ùäfhda la,sm


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú;hg .ksñka" mod¾:fha ;%súO wjia:dj,

wxY=uh ixúOdkh úoyd ±laùu i|yd YsIHhka úiska ;kk ,o wdlD;s

;lafiare lrkak'

mßl,ams; iajNdjhg wkq.; ùu

wdlD;sfha l%shdldÍ iajNdjh

lKavdhu ;=< iyfhda.s;dj

flá m%Yak m;%hlska YsIHhka w.hkak'

19


ksmqK;dj 2¡0 ( cSú;fha .=Kd;auh by< kexùu i|yd mod¾:h" mod¾:fha.=K yd tajdfha wka;¾l%shd úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( ffoksl Ôú;fha § mod¾:fha fN!;sl .=K m%fhdackhg.kakd wdldrh úu¾Ykh lrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

§ we;s øjH ixY=oaO yd ixY=oaO fkdjk øjH f,i j¾. lsÍug;a

ksh; ixhq;shla we;s øjH ixY=oaO øjH f,i ye¢kaùug;a

;jÿrg;a fjka lr fkdyels ixY=oaO øjH uQ,øjH f,i ye¢kaùug;a

uQ,øjH 2 la fyda Bg jeä .Kkla wka;¾.; ixY=oaO øjH ixfhda. f,i

ye¢kaùug;a

fN!;sl .=K .fõIKh i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

úúO øjH úúO fN!;sl .=Kj,ska hq;= nj úia;r lsÍug;a

>k;ajh" øjdxlh yd ;dmdxlh ksÍlaIKh lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï

isÿ lsÍug;a

fok ,o øjHj, úoHq;a ikakdhl;dj fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir,

l%shdldrlula ks¾udKh lsÍug;a

ixY=oaO øjHj, >k;ajh" øjdxlh yd ;dmdxlh jeks fN!;sl .=K i|yd

ksh; w.hla mj;sk nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

fN!;sl .=K mokï lr .ksñka fok ,o uQ,øjH f,day yd wf,day f,i

j¾. lsÍug;a

ffoksl Ôú;fha l%shdldrlï i|yd øjHj, fN!;sl .=K m%fhdackj;a

jk nj ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


§ we;s øjH ixY=oaO yd ixY=oaO fkdjk øjH f,i j¾. lsÍug


ksh; ixhq;shla we;s øjH ixY=oaO øjH f,i úia;r lrkak'

;jÿrg;a fjka lr fkdyels ixY=oaO øjH uQ,øjH f,i úia;r lrkak'

uQ,øjH 2la fyda Bg jeä .Kkla wka;¾.; ixY=oaO øjH ixfhda. f,i

úia;r lrkak'

§ we;s øjH uQ,øjH yd ixfhda. f,i fjka lsÍug YsIHhkag u.

fmkajkak'

20


mod¾:fha my; ±lafjk fN!;sl .=K meyeÈ,s lrkak'

Èiakh j¾Kh jhkh

oDV;dj m%;Hdia:;dj .kaOh

Nx.=r nj >k;ajh m%idrK;dj

ikakdhl;dj ^;dm" úoHq;a& wdykH;dj ;kH;dj

/õ fok y`v

øjH lSmhla YsIHhkag § tajdfha iqúfYaI fN!;sl .=K y÷kd .kakd

f,i YsIHhkagmjikak' Tjqkaf.a ksÍlaIK my; j.=fõ we;=<;a

lrjkak'

by; m%;sM, wkqj úúO øjH" úúO fN!;sl .=K whs;s lr we;s nj myod

§ug idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

ir, l%shdldrlï u.ska fN!;sl .=K" ixY=oaO øjH y÷kd .ekSu i|yd

Ndú; l< yels nj myod fokak'

>k;ajh" øjdxlh yd ;dmdx.h hkak ksÍlaIKh i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula

f.dv ke.Sug u.fmkajkak'

§ we;s øjHhl úoHq;a ikakdhl;dj fmkaùug iqÿiq ir, mÍlaIKhla

f.dvke.Sug u.fmkajkak'

hïlsis ixY=oaO øjHhl >k;ajh" ;dmdxlh yd øjdxlh hk fN!;sl .=K

i|yd ksh; w.hla we;s nj úia;r lrkak'

idudkH fN!;sl .=K Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka f,day wf,day y÷kd .ekSug

YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'

fok ,o øjH ksheÈj, f,day wf,day tlsfklska fjka lr y÷kd .ekSug


Èiakh" j¾Kh" jhkh" oDV;dj" m%;Hdia:;dj" .kaOh" Nx.=r nj" >k;ajh"

m%idrK;dj" ikakdhl;dj ^;dm" úoHq;a&" wdykH;dj" ;kH;dj" /õ fok

y`v hk fN!;sl .=K Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka" f,day yd wf,day tlsfklska

fjka lr y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lr YsIHfhda ,jd

ksÍlaIK j.=.; lrkak'

øjHh

j¾K

h

.k

aOh

jhk

h

Nx.

=r n

j

>k

;ajh

úoH

q;a

ik

akdh

l;dj

;dm

ik

akdh

l;dj

wjia:dj

m%idr

K;dj

21


fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

fN!;sl .=K" f,day" wf,day" øjdxlh" ;dmdxlh" ikakdhl;dj" m%idrK;dj"

/õfok y`v" wykH;dj" ;kH;dj" >k;ajh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

idudkHfhka imhd .; yels f,day ^;U" iskala" ue.akSishï" we¨ñkshï"

hlv" Bhï&" wf,day ^ñksrka" .,a w`.=re" f.kao.ï& yd ixfhda. ^c,h"

fidaähï laf,darhsâ" le,aishï ldnfkaÜ" fldm¾ i,af*aÜ&" lïì" úÿ,s

fldaI" úoHq;a úfudapl Èfhdav ^LED&


úoHd.drfha idudkHfhka imhd .; yels uQ,øjH YsIHhkag §" §ma;sh"

;kH;dj" Nx.=r;dj" úoHq;a yd ;dm ikakdhl;dj jeks fN!;sl .=K

Wmfhda.s lr .ksñka tajd f,day yd wf,day f,i j¾. lrjkak'

my; § we;s ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj YsIHhka ;lafiare lrkak'

- iqÿiq l%u Wmfhda.s lr .ekSu

- WmlrK yeisrùfï l=i,;d

- m%;sM, bÈßm;a lsÍu

- ksjerÈ j¾.SlrKh

22


ksmqK;dj 2¡0 ( Ôú;fha .=Kd;auh by< kexùu i|yd mod¾:h" mod¾:fha.=K yd tajdfha wka;¾l%shd úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( mßirfha isÿ jk mod¾:fha fjkialïj, m%;sM, .fõIKhlrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

mod¾:fha fjkialï wdo¾Ykh lsÍug ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

Yla;sh iemhSfuka mod¾:fha fjkialï isÿ l< yels nj m%ldY

lsÍug;a

øjHj, ixhq;sh fjkilg Ndckh ùu fyda fkdùu wkqj fok ,o

úm¾hdi j¾. lsÍug;a

fN!;sl úm¾hdihla hkq øjHhl ixhq;sh fjkilg Ndckh fkdjk

fjkila nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

ridhksl úm¾hdihl § yeu úg u fjkia ixhq;shlska hq;a kj øjH

iE§ula isÿ jk nj;a

wjia:d úm¾hdi wkqnoaO fN!;sl úm¾hdi wdo¾Ykh i|yd ir,

l%shdldrlï ks¾udKh lsÍug yd isÿ lsÍug;a

ir, l%shdldrlï u.ska ridhksl úm¾hdi isÿ jQ njg idlaIH bÈßm;a

lsÍug;a

fok ,o ridhksl úm¾hdihl m%;sl%shl yd M, y÷kd .ekSug;a

ir, l%shdldrlï weiqßka újD; moaO;shla yd ixjD; moaO;shla hkq

l=ula ±hs úia;r lsÍug;a

isÿ lrk ,o l%shdldrlïj, m%;sM, Ndú;fhka ialkaO ixiaÓ;s kshuh

m%ldY lsÍug;a

oykh hkq odyH øjHhla yd oyk fmdaIlhla w;r m%;sl%shdjla f,i

úia;r lsÍug;a

.sks ;%sfldaKh yd .skakla we;s ùug Êj,k WIaK;ajh lrd t<öfï

wjYH;dj úia;r lsÍug;a

oykfha § ldnkavfhdlaihsâ yd c,h ksmofjk nj wdo¾Ykh lsÍu

i|yd mÍlaIK ks¾udKh lsÍug yd isÿ lsÍug;a

iïmQ¾K oykh yd wiïmQ¾K oykh w;r fjki y÷kd .ekSug;a

bámkaoï yd nkaika odyl ±,af,ys l,dm kï lsÍug;a

f,day u,sk ùu yd hlv u, ne£u ridhksl úm¾hdi nj m%ldY

lsÍug;a

23


hlv u, ne£ug n,mdk idOlj, wjYH;dj wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd

ir, mÍlaIK isÿ lsÍug;a

hlv u, ne£u je<elaùu i|yd Ndú; l< yels l%u y÷kajd §ug;a

tÈfkod Ôú;fha Ndú; flfrk hlv NdKavj, u, ne£u ukaokh

lsÍu i|yd wjYH mQ¾fjdamdh fhdod .ekSug;a

wd¾Ól jYfhka w;suy;a w,dNhlg fya;= jk" hlvj, u, ne£u

je<elaùfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

wï," Niauj,ska o" Niau" wï,j,ska o WodiSk jk nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

iqÿiq o¾Ylhla Ndú;fhka WodiSkslrK m%;sl%shd wdo¾Ykh lsÍug;a

tÈfkod Ôú;fha § WodiSkslrK uQ,O¾u fhdod .ekSu i|yd ksoiqka

iemhSug;a

tÈfkod Ôú;fha isÿ jk úm¾hdi" fN!;sl úm¾hdi yd ridhksl

úm¾hdi f,i j¾.SlrKh lsÍug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


ir, mÍlaIK u.ska fN!;sl úm¾hdi yd ridhksl úm¾hdi hkq ljf¾

oehs YsIHhkg fmkajd fokak' ̂ Wod( lvodishla len,sj,g bÍu yd ;j;a

tn÷ lvodis lene,a,la ms<siaiSu&'

¨Kq ^fidaähï laf,darhsâ& c,fha Èh lr" jdIamSlrKh lrkak'

kema;,Ska fnda,hla ^ld fnda,hla& yekaola u; ;nd r;a lrkak' ;j;a

fnda,hla yekaol ;nd ;j;a yekaolska jid r;a lrkak' ksÍlaIK idlÉPd

lrkak'

fldajlg .;a whäka iaj,amhlg by<ska mqkS,hla hál=re j ;nd iaMál

r;a lrkak'

by; ksoiqka weiqßka fN!;sl úm¾hdihla hkq l=ula ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ r;a lrkak' iEfok M, ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

f,â khsÜf¾Üj, yd fidaähï laf,darhsâj, c,Sh ødjK ñY% lr

ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

iskala lene,a,la c,Sh fldm¾ i,af*aÜ øjKhlg tla lr ksÍlaIKh

lrkak'

by; olajk ,o ksoiqka mokï lr .ksñka ridhksl úm¾hdihla hkq

l=ula ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

fN!;sl yd ridhksl úm¾hdi w;r fjkialï idlÉPd lrkak'

by; isÿ lrk ,o m%;sl%shd yd tÈfkod w;a±lSïj,g iïnkaO úm¾hdi

^Wod( m,;=re b§u" ftkaøSh øjH Èrdm;a ùu" f,day u,sk ùu& wdY%fhka

ridhksl úm¾hdi ms<sn| ixl,amh f.dv k`.kak'

24


oyk M, ^ldnka vfhdlaihsâ yd c,h& y÷kd .ekSu i|yd mÍlaId isÿ

lrñka fndfyda idudkH bkaOkj, ldnka yd yhsv%cka wvx.= nj fmkajd

fokak'

we;eï bkaOkj, ldnka yd yhsârckaj,g wu;r j Tlaiscka o wvx.= nj

i|yka lrkak'

N+ñf;,a ,dïmqjl ±,a, yd nkaika odylhl ±,a, ksÍlaIKh lsÍug i,iajd

iïmQ¾K yd wiïmQ¾K oykh w;r fjkialï fmkajd §ug idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

bámkaoï ±,af,a yd nkaika ±,af,a l,dm y÷kd .ekSug YsIHhka fhduq

lrkak'

Yajikh yd oykh ixikaokh lsÍug nqoaê l,ïnk idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

hlvj, u, ne£u je<elaùug .; yels l%shdud¾. ,ehsia;=.; lrkak'

ridhksl úm¾hdihla f,i WodiSkslrKh y÷kajd fokak'

iqÿiq o¾Ylhla Ndú; lrñka wï, - Niau WodiSkslrKh wdo¾Ykh lrk

l%shdldrlï isÿ lrkak'

tÈfkod Ôú;fha wï, - Niau WodiSkslrKfha Ndú; idlÉPd lrkak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

fN!;sl úm¾hdi" ridhksl úm¾hdi" ú,hkh" øj ùu" jdIamSlrKh"

W!¾èjdmd;kh" >kSNjkh" ysudhkh" oykh" u,sk ùu" úLdokh" u,

ne£u" Yajikh" WodiSkslrKh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

fldm¾ i,af*aÜ" iskala leá;s" fmdgEishï mZuex.fkaÜ" kema;,Ska fnda,"

f,â khsÜf¾Ü" fidaähï laf,darhsä" whãka iaMál" bámkaoï" N+ñf;,a"

le,aishï yhsâfrdlaihsâ" hlv weK" o¾Yl" yhsâfrdlaf,daßla wï,h"

fidaähï yhsâfrdlaihsâ


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lr" l%shdldrlïj, ksr; j isák w;r;=r

§ YsIHhka ;lafiare lrkak'

WÑ; l%u Ndú;h

WmlrK yiqreùfï l=i,;d

m%;sM, bÈßm;a lsÍu

lKavdhï jevj,g il%sh iyNd.s;ajh

25


ksmqK;dj 3¡0 ( ld¾hlaIu;dj yd M,odhl;ajh m%Yia; uÜgul mj;ajd

.ksñka Yla;sfha úúO iajrEm" tajd mod¾:h yd isÿ lrk

wka;¾l%shd iy Yla;s mßKduk Ndú;hg .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( èjksh ksIamdokh ms<sn| j ±kqj;a fjhs'

3'2 ( èjksh ksIamdokh i|yd ir, WmlrK ;kñka wjYH y`v

W;amdokh lsÍug jqjukd fjkialï isÿ lrhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

èjksh ksmojk ir, NdKav jdokfhka f;jeoEreï èjks m%Nj y÷kd

.ekSug;a

;ka;= fyda o`vq" mg, yd jd l|ka lïmkfhka èjksh Wmojk ix.S; NdKav

i|yd ksoiqka iemhSug;a

ish¨ iajNdúl yd lD;%su Yío ;ka;=j, fyda o`vqj," mg,j, yd jd l|kaj,

lïmkfhka W;amdokh jk nj meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

ish¨ lïmk udkjhd úiska Y%jKh l< yels èjks kQmojk nj fmkakqï

lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ lsÍug;a

iriq,aj, ndyqfõ Èf.ys fjkia ùu wkqj we;s jk yf`vys úp,;dj y÷kd

.ekSug;a

èjksh fjkia lsÍu i|yd iSreudre l< yels" tla tla j¾.hg wh;a ̂ ;ka;=

fyda o`vq" mg, iy jd l|ka lïmkh lrk& ir, ix.S; NdKav

;ekSug;a

idïm%odhsl ix.S; NdKavj,ska wdrïN lrñka kQ;k ix.S; NdKav o we;=<;a

jk mßÈ" èjks ksIamdokh wjOdrKh flfrk flá idys;H úu¾Ykhla

ix.%y lsÍug;a

ix.S; kdo yd f>daId w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

Ôjfha .=Kd;auh jeäÈhqKq lsÍu i|yd ix.S;fha Ndú;h w.h lsÍug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


èjksh ksmojk úúOdldr WmlrK Ndú; lr" èjks m%Nj ;=ka j¾.h

y÷kajd §u i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula lrkak'

ix.S; NdKavj, PdhdrEm lsysmhla fmkajkak'

26


úúO ix.S; NdKavj, Ndú; jk èjks m%Nj ;=ka j¾.h wjOdrKh

lrkak'

Wod( ;ka;= - jh,Skh

o`vq - ihs,f*dakh" mshdfkdaj

mg, - fnr" úoHq;a WmlrKj, iamSlr

jd l|ka - ng k<dj" fmd,sia k<dj

mqrd;k" idïm%odhsl yd kùk ix.S; NdKav .ek idlÉPd lrkak'

úúO ix.S; NdKav yd ir, bf,lafg%dksl WjdrK ^ihsrkh" nyq

lïmlh wdos& Ndú; lr èjksh Wmojkak'

YsIHhka lKavdhï lr" iSreudre lr y`v fjkia l< yels ix.S;

NdKav fyda fjk;a èjks m%Nj ksmoùug Tjqka fhduq lrkak'

y`v fjkia lsÍu i|yd wjYH iSreudre lsÍï lrk úg lKavdhï

we.hSug Ndck lrkak'

j¾Okh fjñka mj;sk lafIa;%hla jk ix.S; Ñls;aidj .ek f;dr;=re

/ia lsÍug;a tajd bÈßm;a lsÍug;a YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

;ka;=" o`vq" jd l|ka" mg," ix.S; NdKav

ix.S; NdKavh ms<sn| ixl,amh( th yqfola Yíoh Wmojk WmlrKhla

fkdfõ' bka ksmofjk yf`vka ukfiys ßoauhla cks; l< yels h'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

ix.S; NdKav

ix.S; NdKavj, mska;+r

ir, ix.S; NdKav ;ekSug wjYH øjH

^ysia áka" lïì" khsf,daka ;ka;=" WK nïnq" neÆk wdÈh&


l%shdldrlïj, ksr; j isák YsIHhkaa my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl

mokï lr .ksñka ;lafiare lrkak'

kfjda;amdol ix.S; NdKavhla ;ekSu i|yd ;ukaf.a u ±kqu yd

l=i,;d Ndú;h

WmlrK mfriaifuka yeisrùu

.=re Wmfoia ms<sme§u

27





ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3 ( M,odhs f,i pqïnl Ndú; lsÍu ms<sn| w;a±lSï ,nhs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

pqïnlj,g wdl¾IKh jk yd wdl¾IKh fkdjk øjH y÷kd .ekSu

i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ lsÍug;a

oKav pqïnlhla jgd we;s pqïnl lafIa;%h úúO l%u u.ska wdo¾Ykh

lsÍug;a

pqïnlhla wjg pqïnl n,h n,mj;ajk m%foaYh pqïnl lafIa;%h f,i

úia;r lsÍug;a

pqïnlhl W;a;r yd olaIsK O%ej y÷kd .ekSug;a

N+ pqïnl;ajh hkq l=ula± hs meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

pqïnl lafIa;%j, ÈYdj fidhd .ekSu i|yd Ndú; l< yels WmlrKh

ud,sudj f,i myod §ug;a

fmdf<dfõ pqïnl W;=r y÷kd .ekSu i|yd ksis mßÈ ud,sudj Ndú;hg

.ekSug;a

pqïnl W;=r yd N+f.da,Sh W;=r w;r fjkila mj;sk nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

iam¾Y l%uh yd úoHq;a l%uh Ndú;hg .ksñka iaÓr pqïnl ;ekSfï ir,

l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

pqïnl .=K §¾> ld,hla r|d mj;sk øjHj,ska iaÓr pqïnl ;kk nj

meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

iaÓr pqïnl ;ekSu i|yd jdfka o ;djld,sl pqïnl i|yd uDÿ hlv o

fhda.H nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

ksis mßÈ pqïnl Ndú; lsÍug yd wiqrd ;eîug;a

iaÓr pqïnlj, Ndú; i|yd ksoiqka ±laùug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


pqïnl ms<sn| fmr ±kqu ̂ 6 fY%aKsh& isysm;a lr" pqïnl;ajh øjH .=Khla f,i

mj;skakla nj wjOdrKh lrkak'

28


pqïnl lafIa;%j, rgdj yd pqïnl O%ej y÷kd .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq l%shdldrlï

isÿ lsÍug YsIHhkag u`. fmkajkak'

ksoyia j t,ajd ;nk ,o pqïnl N+ pqïnl;ajh lrKfldg yeu úg u

W;=re - ol=Kq ÈYdj t,af,a ÈYdk; j msysgk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

pqïnl W;=re yd N+f.da,Sh W;=r w;r l=vd fjkila mj;sk nj i|yka

lrkak'

ud,sudj y÷kajd § th Ndú; lr pqïnl W;=re fidhd .ekSug YsIHhka

fhduq lrkak'

ir, l%shdldrlula u.ska iaÓr yd ;djld,sl pqïnl ms<sn| j meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

pqïnl ud,sudjla idod .ekSug YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak' ir, l%shdldrlï

Wmfhda.s lr.ksñka pqïnl W;=r yd pqïnl lafIa;%fha ÈYdj wkdjrKh

lr.ekSug YsIHhkag wjia:dj fokak'

pqïnlj, Ndú; wjOdrKh lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

pqïnl .=K ke;s ù hd fkd§ mj;ajd.kq msKsi iaÓr pqïnl mfriaifuka

Ndú; l< hq;= nj YsIHhkag myod fokak' ^ld,h" WIaK;ajh" ydkslr

lafIa;%" jeàu ksid we;s jk laIKsl lïmk&

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

pqïnl yd pqïnl fkdjk øjH" iaÓr pqïnl" pqïnl M,h$pqïnl lafIa;%h"

N+ pqïnl;ajh" ud,sudj

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

iaÓr pqïnl" pqïnl yd pqïnlkh fkdjk øjH" ud,sudj" weK" ;U lïì"

negß


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka" l%shdldrlïj, ksr; j isssáh

§ YsIHhka ;lafiare lrkak'

pqïnl yd pqïnl fkdjk øjH yd ud,sudj iqrlaIs; f,i mßyrKh

lsÍu'

ksÍlaIK jd¾;dlrKh

ks.ukj,g t<öu

.=re Wmfoia ms<sme§u

;kk ,o WmlrKj, ks¾udKd;aul nj ̂ Wo( ud,sudj" úoHq;a l%ufhka

iaÓr pqïnl ;ekSu&

29





ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'4 ( Odrd úoHq;h iïnkaO uQ,sl rdYs ms<sn| j ±kqj;a fjñka

wod< WmlrK Ndú; lr tu rdYs ukshs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

iqÿiq ksoiqka weiqßka úoHq;a úNjh meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

fjda,aàh;dj úNj wka;rhla f,i meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

fjda,aàh;dfõ tall fjda,aÜ ^V& f,i m%ldY lsÍug;a

fjda,aÜógrhla Ndú; lr mßm:hl fok ,o ,laIH folla w;r

fjda,aàh;dj ksjerÈ j uekSug;a

úoHq;a Odrdjla by< úNjhl isg my< úNjhla olajd .,d hk nj úia;r

lsÍug;a

úoHq;a Odrdfõ ÈYdj Okd.%fha isg RKd.%h fj; hkqfjka m%ldY lsÍug;a

úoHq;a Odrdfõ tallh weïmsh¾ ^A& f,i m%ldY lsÍug;a

weógrhla Ndú; lr mßm:hl fok ,o ,laIHhla miq lr .,k Odrdj

ksjerÈ j uekSug;a

m%;sfrdaOh hkq ikakdhlhla yryd .,k Odrdjg th úiska we;s flfrk

ndOdj nj myod §ug;a

m%;sfrdaOfha tallh ´uh ^ & f,i meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

úoHq;h wdY%s; rdYs ksjerÈ j uekSfï jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


úúO wdldrfha negß Ndú; lr zúoHq;a úNjhZ hk moh y÷kajd fokak'

k<hl c,h .kafka flfia ±hs YsIHhkaf.ka úuikak' th jeä mSvkhl

isg wvq mSvkhla fj; .,hs'

úoHq;a Odrdjl .e,Su o c,fha .e,Sug iudk l< yels h' th by<

úNjhl isg my< úNjhla fj; .,d hhs'

ir, Odrd úoHq;a m%Njhl by< úNjhl we;s w.%h Okd.%h ^+& f,i o

my< úNjhl we;s w.%h RKd.%h ̂ -& f,i o y÷kajk nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

30


fjda,aàh;dj hkq Okd.%h yd RKd.%h w;r we;s úNj wka;rh f,i o

fjda,aàh;dj uekSfï tallh fjda,agh ^V& f,i o y÷kajd fokak'

fjda,aàh;dj ueksfï WmlrKh fjda,aÜógrh hs' th w.%j,g iudka;r j

iïnkaO flf¾'

úoHq;a Odrdj uekSfï tallh weïmsh¾ f,i ^A& y÷kajd fokak' Odrdj

uekSfï WmlrKh weógrh jk w;r th fY%aKs.; j mßm:hg iïnkaO

flf¾'

n,anhla" iaúÉÑhla yd negßhla iys; iïmQ¾K úoHq;a mßm:hla ilik

fia YsIHhkag mjikak' negßhg iudka;r j" ksjerÈ O%eùh;dj iys; j

fjda,aÜógrh ikaê lr fjda,aàh;dfjys w.h uekSug u.fmkajkak'

fjda,aÜ ógrh úikaê lr" mßm:hg fY%aKs.; j ksis O%eùh;dj iys; j

weógrhl iïnkaO lr Odrdfõ w.h uekSug YsIHhka fhduq lrkak'

úoHq;a Odrdfõ .,d hEug yeu úg u ixfrdaë f,i l%shd;aul jk"

ikakdhlhl wNHka;r .=Khla f,i m%;sfrdaOh y÷kajd § m%;sfrdaOfha

tallh ´uh ^ & f,i y÷kajd fokak'

zffoksl Ôú;fha § úoHq;h wdY%s; rdYs ksjerÈ j uekSfï jeo.;aluZ hk

f;audj hgf;a ñks;a;= foll l:d ;r.hla mka;sfha mj;ajkak'

m%Odk jpk yd ixl,am

úoHq;h" Odrdj" úNjh" fjda,aàh;dj" m%;sfrdaOh" tall" mßm:h" ikakdhl

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

negßh" n,an" iaúÉÑ" iïnkaOl lïì" weógrh" fjda,aÜógrh" m%;sfrdaOl"

ikakdhl


,sÅ; mÍlaIKhlska ±kqu msßlaikak'

jefvys fh§u" w.hka uekSfï yelshdj yd l%uj;a mokï lr .ksñka

YsIHhk úiska ilia lrk ,o úoHq;a mßm: ;lafiare lrkak'

l;d ;r.fha § bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d w.hkak'

31





ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'5 ( ir, úoHq;a WjdrKj, M,odhs;dj ffoksl lghq;= i|yd

m%fhdackhg .kshs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

fok ,o mßm: igyka Ndú; lr ir, fY%aKs.; yd iudka;r.; mßm:

f.dvke.Sug;a

fY%aKs.; yd iudka;r.; mßm: iïnkaO ksÍlaIK meyeÈ,s lsÍug;a

úÿ,s mkaoul mßm: rEmigyk we£ug;a

mßm:h iïmQ¾K jQ úg muKla n,anhla ±,afjk nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

fok ,o wjia:dj,g .e<fmk mßÈ wdf,dal w,xlrK mßm: ;ekSug;a

mßm: tl,ia lsÍfï wdjqo M,odhs f,i Ndú; lsÍug;a

mßm:hl Odrdj md,kh lrk WmlrK Ndú;hg .ekSug;a

ksji ;=< úoHq;a WjdrK Ndú;hg .ekSfï § wkq.ukh l< hq;= wdrlaIs;

ms<sfj;a ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug;a

ksjfia Ndú;hg .kakd úoHq;a WjdrK ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ia lsÍug yd jvd

M,odhS yd ld¾hlaIu WjdrK f;dard .ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


YsIHhkag mßm: rEmigyka imhd" fok ,o Wmfoiaj,g wkqj fldaI yd

n,an fY%aKs.; j o iudka;r.; j o iïnkaO lrk fia YsIHhkag isiqkg

mjikak'

iQ;%sld n,anhla iys; úÿ,s mkaoula isiqkag § tys wNHka;r mßm:h

ksÍlaIKh lrk fia Tjqkg mjikak' mßm:fha rEmigyka we£ug YsIHhka

fhduq lrkak'

n,anh ±,aùug mßm:fha iïmQ¾K úh hq;= ;;a;aj YsIHhka iu. idlÉPd

lrkak'

mEiaiqï WmlrKh we;=¿ mßm: tl,ia lsÍfï fuj,ï Ndú; lrk wdldrh

idlÉPd lrkak'

32


n,an$wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdavj,ska iukaú; ir, w,xlrK mßm: §

tajd ;ekSug YsIHhkag u.fmkajkak'

Odrd md,k ixrpl o we;=<;a ir, mßm: lsysmhla YsIHhkag imhd"

mßm: iïnkaO lsÍug;a iqÿiq mßÈ Odrd md,k ixrpl l%shd;aul lsÍug;a

u.fmkajkak'

tla tla ixrplfha Odrd md,k l%shdj i|yd fya;= wjOdrKh lrñka

iuia; mka;sh u iyNd.s lr .ksñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

wdrlaIl ms<sfj;a yd f.or mßirfha Ndú; jk fuj,ïj, msßú;r ms<sn|

j f;dr;=re fiùug YsIHhka fufyhjd idlÉPdjla mj;ajkak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

úoHq;h" Odrdj" m%;sfrdaOh" mßm:h" Odrd kshdulh" wdf,dal ixfõ§ m%;sfrdaOlh


,sÅ; mÍlaIKhlska ±kqu mÍlaId lrkak'

w.hka uekSfï yelshdj yd l%uj;a nj mokï lr .ksñka YsIHhka iska

;kk ,o úoHq;a mßm: ;lafiare lrkak'

lÓl ;r.hl § bÈßm;a lsÍfï l=i,;d w.hkak'

33





ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'6 ( tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úoHq;fha M, ld¾hlaIu f,i Ndú;hg

.kshs'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

úoHq;fha ;dmk M,h" m%ldY M,h" pqïnl M,h yd ridhksl M,h

fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlï isÿ lsÍug;a

tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úoHq;fha ;dmk M,fhys Ndú; úu¾Ykh lsÍug;a

wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdavhla Ndú; lr úoHq;fha m%ldY M,h fmkaùu

i|yd ir, WjdrK ;ekSug;a

ir, úoHq;a pqïnlhla ;kd tys m%n,;dj fjkia lsÍfï l%u wdo¾Ykh

lsÍug;a

úoHq;fha pqïnl M,h Ndú;hg .ksñka l%shd;aul jk ir, wdlD;s

;ekSug;a

úoHq;fha ridhksl M,h tÈgkod Ôú;fha § Ndú;hg .kakd wdldrh

wdo¾Ykh lsÍug;a

úoHq;fha M, Ndú;hg .kakd kj ksmehqï ks¾udKh lsÍug;a

úoHq;h úúO Yla;s m%fNao njg mßKdukh lsÍug yels nj meyeÈ,s

lsÍug;a

úoHq;fha M, tÈfkod Ôú;fha § M,odhs whqßka Ndú;hg .; yels nj

ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


úoHq;fha ;dmk M,h wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd ir, l%shdldrlula wdo¾Ykh

lrkak'

idlÉPdjla u.ska" tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úoHq;fha ;dmk M,h m%fhdackj;a

jk wdldrh ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrkak'

úoHq;fha m%ldY M,h wdo¾Ykh lsÍug ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ lrkak'

wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdav ̂LED& Ndú;fhka w,xlrK isÿ lsÍug isiqkag

u.fmkajkak'

34


úoHq;fha pqïnl M,h wdo¾Ykh lsÍu ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ lrkak'

úoHq;a-pqïnlhla ;ekSug YsIHhkag u.fmkajd tys m%n,;dj flfrys

n,mdk idOl úu¾Ykh lrkak'

úÿ,s iSkqjla yd .egqula ^nirhla& ;ekSug YsIHhka fufyhjkak'

úoHq;fha ridhksl M,h wdo¾Ykh lsÍug ir, l%shdldrlula isÿ

lrkak'

úoHq;a f,daydf,amkfha §' ridhk øjH ksIamdokfha § yd f,day

ksiaidrKfha § úoHq;fha ridhksl M,h Wmfhda.S lr.kakd nj meyeÈ,s

lrkak'

idlÉPdjla mj;ajd úoHq;a Yla;sh fjk;a Yla;s nj mßKdukh l<

yels nj myod fokak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

;dmk M,h" pqïnl M,h" úoHq;a-pqïnlh" wdf,dal úfudapl Èfhdavh ̂ LED&

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

úh<s fldaI" mßjD; ;U lïì" ksfl%daï lïì" iïnkaOl lïì" LED


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl Ndú; lrñka YsIHhka ;lafiare lrkak'

idlÉPdjg il%sh f,i iyNd.s ùu

úÿ,s iSkqfõ yd .=uqfõ l%shdldß;ajh

úoHq;a Yla;sfha mßKduk ms<sn| ksoiqka /ia lsÍu'

35


ksmqK;dj 4¡0 ( nqoaêu;a yd ;srir f,i mßfNdackh lrkq msKsi iajNdúl

ixisoaê wjfndaO lr .ksñka fmdf<dfõ iajNdjh" .=K yd

l%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( fi!r.%y uKav,h" wNHjldYh yd wNHjldY .fõIK

ms<sn| f;dr;=re msßlaihs'

4'2 ( fi!r.%y uKav,h yd ta wdY%s; jeo.;a ixisoaê iuyrla

wdo¾Ykh lsÍfï l=i,;d ixj¾Okh lr .kS'


bf.kqï m,

YsIHhkag(

fmdf<dfõ yd pkaøhdf.a N%uKh yd mßN%uKh wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd úúO

wdlD;s ;ekSug;a

R;= úm¾hdi úia;r lsÍu i|yd wdlD;s Ndú; lsÍug;a

rEmigyka u.ska pkaø l,d we;s ùu fmkakqï lsÍug;a

pkaø .%yK yd iQ¾h .%yK wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd wdlD;s Ndú; lsÍug;a

lsrK igyka wdY%fhka iQ¾h .%yK yd pkaø .%yK we;s ùu úia;r lsÍug;a

fi!r.%uy uKaav,h úoyd ±laùug úúO wdlD;s ks¾udKh lsÍug;a

m%Odk ;re rgd y÷kd.ekSug yd we;eï ;re rgdj,g wh;a jeo.;a ;drld

kï lsÍug;a

rd;%S wyi ksÍlaIKh lsÍfuka .%yf,dal yd ;drld y÷kd .ekSug;a

mDÓúfha oDYH .uka ud¾.fha msysá f;drd .kakd ,o ;re mka;s fodf<di

rdYspl%h f,i ye¢kafjk nj m%ldY lsÍug;a

wdl¾IKSh l%u Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka wNHjldY .fõIKh yd lD;%su pkaøsld

ms<sn| f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug;a

ikaksfõok moaO;sj, lD;%su pkaøsldj, jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

ish¨ wNHjldY .fõIK l%shdldrlï udkjhdf.a hymeje;au wruqKq fldg

isÿ úh hq;= nj ms<s.ekSug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


N%uKh yd mßN%uKh w¾: olajkak'

mDÓúfha N%uK wlaIh tys mßN%uK ;,hg ,ïnl fkdjk nj;a th O%ej

;drldj ^fmda,dßia& fj; fhduq j mj;akd nj;a i|yka lrkak'

36


by; lreKq ie,ls,a,g .ksñka" iQ¾hhd" mDÓúh yd pkaøhd iy tajdfha

N%uK yd mßN%uK fmkakqï lsÍug wdlD;s .ekSug YsIHhka fufyhjkak'

br fjkqjg wdf,dal m%Njhla fhdod .ksñka" mDÓúfha wdlD;shla Ndú;

lr R;= úm¾hdi meyeÈ,s lrkak'

R;= úm¾hdi fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd rEmigyka we£ug YsIHhka fhduq

lrkak'

pkaøhd ksÍlaIKh lr udi lsysmhl ld,hla ;=< pkaø l,dj, rEmigyka

we£ug Wmfoia fokak'

ie'hq' mdvu wdrïNfha § fï l%shdldrlu i|yd Wmfoia fokak'

rEm igykla wdOdr lr .ksñka pkaø l,d we;s ùug fya;= meyeÈ,s lrkak'

wdlD;s wdOdr lr .ksñka pkaø l,d we;s ùfï ixisoaêh meyeÈ,s lsÍug

YsIHhkag Wmfoia fokak'

iQ¾h .%yK yd pkaø .%yK fmkakqï lsÍu i|yd l¿jr ldurhla ;=<

m%dfhda.sl l%shdldrlula ie,iqï lrkak'

^iQ¾hhd i|yd wdf,dal m%Njhla o" fmdf<dj yd i| ksrEmKh lsÍug

fnda, folla o fhdod .kak&

ksÍlaIK mokï lr .ksñka" iQ¾h .%yK yd pkaø .%yK we;s ùu úia;r

flfrk lsrK igyka we£ug YsIHhkag u`. fmkajkak'

úoHd.drfha we;s fi!r.%y uKav,fha wdlD;s fmkajkak'

my; ±lafjk lreKq flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrñka yd imhd .; yels

øjH Ndú; lr .ksñka fi!r.%y uKav,fha wdlD;shla ;ekSug YsIHhkag

u.fmkajkak'

.%yf,dal w;r ÿ

.%yf,dalj, idfmalaI ;ru

.%yf,dalj, fmkqu yd j¾Kh

.%yf,dalj, m:h

ir, wdlD;shla ̂kQ,l .eg.ik ,o .,l jD;a; p,s;h& Ndú; lr .%yf,dal

mßN%uKhg fya;=j meyeÈ,s lrkak'

m%Odk ;drld uKav,j, rEmigyka fmkajd tajdg wh;a m%Odk ;re y÷kajd

fokak' ^Wod( rdYs pl%fha ;drld rdYs fodf<di" Trdhka" uy n,a,d" ol=Kq

l=reih" uy j,id" l=vd j,id" y;aÈkak;a fmdl=r&

zrdYs pl%hZ w¾: olajkak'

;re" .%yf,dalj,ska fjka lr y÷kd .kafka flfia ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'

wdldY jia;=j, ;sria yd isria fldaK uekSu i|yd ir, WmlrKhla

;ekSug u.fmkajkak' ^fï i|yd îu ng yd fldaK udk fhdod .kak&

37


rd;%S wyi ksÍlaIKh lsÍug;a" ;drld uKav, yd .%yf,dal y÷kd .ekSug;a"

;kk ,o WmlrKh Ndú; lr tajdfha idfmalaI msyssàï jd¾;d lsÍug;a

YsIHhka fufyhjkak'

ksÍlaIKh idrxY lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

wNHjldY ;rKh ms<sn| ùäfhda o¾Ykhla fmkajkak' ^wka;¾cd,fhka

nd.; lr .;a&

ùäfhda o¾Ykfha ±lafjk isoaê fláfhka meyeÈ,s lkak'

wNHjldY .fõIKhg wod< jeo.;a isÿùï wkqms<sfj<ska ±lafjk pdÜ

igykla ms<sfh, lrk fia YsIHhkag mjrkak'

wNHjldY .fõIK lghq;= ksid ;dlaIKsl wxYfha isÿ ù we;s kùlrK

yd m%.uk y÷kajd fokak ̂ Wod( ÿf¾laIj,ska ,nd .kakd m%;sìïn OQ,s wxY=

ksid wmeyeÈ,s jk neúka ;drld úoHd{fhda msßisÿ mßirhla mj;ajd

.ekSug Wkkaÿ fj;s' fï i|yd ;drld úoHdfõ Ndú; jk l%uYs,am ffjoH

;dlaIKfhys jeo.;a wxYhla jk frday,a yd T!IO ksIamdokh flfrk

úoHd.drj, msßisÿ nj iq/lSu i|yd Ndú;hg .efka'&

iqÿiq wdlD;shla Ndú;hg .ksñka frdlÜgqjla .=jka.; lsÍfï úoHd;aul

uQ,O¾uh idlÉPd lrkak ^Wod( ne¨ula heùu&

lKavdhï jYfhka ;ukaf.a u wNHjldY hdkhla ;ekSug;a th .=jka.;

lsÍfï ieishla meje;aùug;a YsIHhkag mjrkak'

lD;%su pkaøsld hkq mDÓúh jgd mßN%uKh jk" ñksid úiska ;kk ,o

jia;= fyj;a mDÓúh jgd mßN%uKh jk pkaøhd jeks u jQ ;j;a jia;+ka

nj;a m%ldY lrkak'

ikaksfõokh i|yd N+-iaÓ;sl pkaøsld Ndú; l< yels njg wd;r iS

la,dla úiska lrk ,o fm/hSï isysm;a lrkak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

N%uKh" mßN%uKh" R;=" pkaø .%yKh" iQ¾h .%yKh" fi!r.%y uKav,h"

;drld uKav," rdYs pl%h" wNHjldY .fõIK" lD;%su pkaøsld

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

fi!r.%y uKav,fha .%y jia;=j, p,kh fmkaùu i|yd iqÿiq WmlrKhla


iqÿiq ks¾Kdhl Ndú;hg .ksñka my; ±lafjk l%shdldrlïj, ksr;

jk YsIHhka ;lafiare lrkak'

fi!r.%y uKav,fha wdlD;shla ;ekSu'

rd;%S wyi mss<sn| jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lsÍu'

wNHjldY .fõIK ms<sn| wkql%ñl pdÜ igykla ms<sfh, lsÍu'

wNHjldY hdkd wdlD;shla .=jka .; lsÍu'

38


ksmqK;dj 4¡0 ( nqoaêu;a yd ;srir f,i mßfNdackh lrkq msKsi iajNdúlixisoaê wjfndaO lr .ksñka fmdf<dfõ iajNdjh" .=K ydl%shdj,s .fõIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3 ( iajdNdúl wdmod wdY%s; foaY.=Ksl úm¾hdij, úoHd;aulmoku .fõIKh lrhs'


bf.kqï m,YsIHhkag(

ksh`." .xj;=r" kdhhEï yd wl=K hk iajNdúl wdmodj,g fya;= úia;r

lsÍug;a

by; i|yka iajNdúl úm;aj, úoHd;aul moku wdo¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd

úúO wdlD;s Ndú; lsÍug;a

iajNdúl wmdodj,ska isÿ jk ydks wju lsÍu i|yd .kakd mQ¾fjdamdhj,

jeo.;alu ms<s.ekSug;a

iajNdúl wdmodj,ska isÿ jk ydks wju lsÍfï § ikaksfõokfha jeo.;alu

w.h lsÍug;a

ms<sjka úh hq;= h'


iajdNdúl wdmod ±lafjk ùäfhda la,sm$mska;+r mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

iajdNdúl wdmodjla hkak úoHd;aul j úia;r lrkak'

iajdNdúl wdmodj,g fya;= .fõIKh lrkak'

udkj l%shdldrlï

iajNdúl fya;=

wdlD;s" rEm igyka" mqj;am;a ,sms" mska;+r" ùäfhda la,sm wdÈh Ndú;hg

.ksñka my; § we;s iajdNdúl wdmodj, úoHd;aul moku .fõIKh lrkq

msKsi lKavdhï l%shdldrlï isÿ lrkak'

ksh`.

.xj;=r

kdh hEï

wl=Kq

iajdNdúl wdmodj,g wod<

wju lsÍu

iQodku

39


wkqj¾;kh

ms<sn| j YsIHhka ±kqj;a lsÍu i|yd lKavdhï l%shdldrlï yd idlÉPd

fufyhjkak'

fhduq jpk yd ixl,am

ksh`." .xj;=r" kdh hEï" wl=Kq" wju lsÍu" iQodku" wkqj¾;kh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï

ùäfhda la,sm" wdlD;s" mqj;am;a" ,sms" fmdaiag¾


my; ±lafjk ks¾Kdhl mokï lr .ksñka YsIHhka l%shdldrlïj,

ksr; j isák w;r;=r § Tjqkaf.a ld¾hidOkh w.hkak'

l%shdldrlï ie,iqï lsÍu yd l%shd;aul lsÍu'

ksÍlaIK jd¾;d'

lKavdhï ;=< iyfhda.fhka jev lsÍu'

;udf.a yd wka whf.a wdrlaIdj .ek ;elSu'

ld, l<ukdlrKh'

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