uranium resources in jordan … securing our fuel supply for the next 100 years
DESCRIPTION
Invited talk by Dr. Ned Xoubi, Nuclear Fuel Commissioner, to The International Conference on Materials in Jordan, March 4-6, 2009. The development of nuclear material resources in Jordan is an important milestone in Jordan’s quest to build its nuclear program. A strategic uranium reserve to secure Jordan's nuclear fuel supply should be planned at this early stage of the nuclear program. The average annual Uranium requirement of nuclear power plants and different reactor technologies is also presentedTRANSCRIPT
ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission
ا����� ا��آ��ر ���ل Ned Xoubi, PhD
Uranium Resources in Jordan:Securing Our Fuel Supply for the Next 100 Years
ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission
The International Conference on Materials in JordanMarch 4-6, 2009 German-Jordanian University Amman - Jordan
Ned Xoubi, PhDCommissioner for Nuclear Fuel Cycle, JAEC
Director General, Jordan Energy Resources Inc.
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Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan: Uranium Resources in Jordan:
Securing Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel SupplySecuring Our Fuel Supplyfor the Next for the Next for the Next for the Next 100100100100 Years Years Years Yearsfor the Next for the Next for the Next for the Next 100100100100 Years Years Years Yearsfor the Next for the Next for the Next for the Next 100100100100 Years Years Years Years
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Invited Talk
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Nuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material ResourcesNuclear Material Resources
� Lack of conventional energy resources, Jordan Imports over 95% of its energy needs
� Development of secure alternative energy supply is a top priority for Jordan
� The development of nuclear material resources in Jordan is � Another bridge that will link Jordan to
the nuclear world
� An important milestone in Jordan’s quest to build its nuclear program
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Jordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy CommissionJordan Atomic Energy Commission
� Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC) was established last year
� Nuclear Energy Law ( Law No. 42 of 2007) and its Amendments of 2008
� JAEC is entrusted with the development and execution of the Jordanian nuclear power program
� JERI is the commercial arm of JAEC
� JERI is a private shareholding company wholly owned by JAEC
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy Uranium Policy
� The exploration, extraction, and mining of all nuclear materials; including Uranium, Thorium, Zirconium and Vanadium is now under the authority of Jordan Atomic Energy Commission
� Uranium is a strategic resource
� Uranium exploitation policy is to maximize sovereignty while creating value from resource
� Avoid Concessions to foreign companies
� Assurance of nuclear fuel supply for Jordan’s Nuclear Power Plants
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
1979/1980 Airborne survey
Gamma intensity of up to 2000 cps
Source: NRASource: NRA
Source: NRA
12 Areas with high radiation intensity were identified
Mostly related to Areas with Phosphate rock formations
Countrywide SurveyCountrywide SurveyCountrywide Survey
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Ruwaished
Wadi Bahiyyah
Central Jordan
Northern Jordan
Haranah
Ruwaished
Haranah
Central Jordan
Ruwaished
Haranah
Wadi Bahiyyah
Wadi Sahb Elabiadh
Potential Areas of UraniumPotential Areas of UraniumPotential Areas of Uranium
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Central Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan AreaCentral Jordan Area
� Data available is preliminary
� Uranium deposits are mostly surfacial
� Overburden thickness is 0.5 - 3 m (NRA)
� Uranium concentration of 200 – 2700 ppm (NRA)
� A total area of approximately 1400 km²
� Estimated total reserves of 64,000 tons (NRA)
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Central Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan ProjectCentral Jordan Project
� ا�PYآ� ا�رد��� ��XMدر ا��� � ا�PYآ� ا�رد��� ��XMدر ا���
Jordanian French Uranium Mining Co
Established December 18, 2008
Startup Capital $80 Million
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
CJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in ProgressCJ Work in Progress
� Detailed exploration program� Environmental and Hydrology
� Geochemical, Geophysical, Geological programs
� Samples measurements at JAEC
� Reserve estimation
� Bankable feasibility study (BFS)
� Uranium production in 2012 (Areva)
� 2000 tons per year (estimated) (Areva)
� French and Jordanian geologists are currently working in the area
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Reconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & ProspectingReconnaissance & Prospecting
� MOU with Rio-Tinto
� Reconnaissance and Prospecting
� Three Areas
� Uranium, Thorium, Zirconium and other nuclear minerals
� Joint Venture
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Northern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan ExplorationNorthern Jordan Exploration
� Includes Housha and Hamra located in Mafraq province
� Under active exploration by Jordanian teams
� Preliminary data� Approximately 150 Km2
� Low grade Approximately 200 ppm
� Overburden Approximately 1.0 m
� Ore thickness Approximately 5-8 m
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Wadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah ExplorationWadi Bahiyyah Exploration
URC
MCM
� Under active exploration by Jordanian teams
� Approximately 1400 Km2
� Preliminary data Low grade Approximately 200 ppm
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Secondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary UraniumSecondary Uranium
� Uranium is present In phosphate
� Approximately 50-100 ppm
� Estimated total uranium in phosphate is 100-140 thousand tons
� Two production plants are foreseen
� Annual production of 78-100 tons of uranium per plant
� 25-30 years plant life
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Energy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy ChallengesEnergy Challenges
� Lack of indigenes resources� Dependence on imports
� High Cost … 24% of GDP
� Growing energy demands� Increasing Population
� Lifestyle changes
� High development aspirations� Dead-Red Canal
� Desalination
� Passenger Train
Jordan’s stability
and economic
prospects depend
heavily on Jordan’s
ability to find
realistic solutions to
Rapid increase in
Energy Demands
&
Scarce water
resources
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Electrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical DemandElectrical Demand
Source 2008 NEPCO, DOE, NX
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040
GW
Jordan Electrical Growth and Demand (1000 MW)
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Energy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy OptionsEnergy Options
� Imported Oil & NG option:
� Unsecured, Expensive
� Renewables option:
� Limited utilization
� Can’t be base load
� Oil Shale option:
� Feasibility is to be proven
� Nuclear option:
� High capitol cost
The most expensive power
option
is the
NO Power Option
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
The Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear OptionThe Nuclear Option
� Safe, Proven, Reliable, Low-cost supplier of electricity
� Available and proven technology
� Economic benefits – jobs & economy
� Each nuclear plant� Adds over $500 million/year to the
economy
� Employs ~ 500 – 1500, with an equivalent number of indirect jobs
� Waste product is controlled, stored, monitored, protected and regulated
Developing
countries are in
dire need of
energy.
The best choice
for a
sustainable,
affordable,
clean, available
form of energy is
nuclearNed xoubi
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Nuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the WorldNuclear Power in the World
� 436 Power Reactors operating in 30 countries
� 44 Reactors are under construction in 12 countries
� 97 Reactors are planned in 17 countries
� Lower production cost than any other fuel source
� USA 13 Fils per kwh
� France 80% of electricity generation
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
JordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordan’’’’’’’’’’’’s NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Programs NP Program
� To introduce nuclear power as part of its energy mix, on a fast track
� Go for major transformation away from fossil fuel
� First nuclear power plant (NPP) 2016-2020
� Electricity export by 2030
� PPP model, privatized but with Government equity
� International nuclear operator with safe record + investment for the plant.
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Reactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor TechnologiesReactor Technologies
� Proven technology, and operational history
� Commercially available reactors
CANDU- EC6750MWAECL
OPR-10001000 MwKorea
AP-10001000 Mw
Westinghouse
VVER-10001000 Mw
Atomstoryexport
APR-14001400 MwKorea
EPR1600 MwAreva
ABWR1400 Mw
General Electric
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Fuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel BurnupFuel Burnup
� PWR & BWR the fuel is enriched to about 4%, and the burnup is around 50,000 MWd/MTU
� CANDU, the fuel is natural uranium, and the burnup is around 7500 MWd/MTU
� Assuming a NPP with a 90% availability and 33% steam cycle efficiency
� 1000 MWe for one year = 20 tons Uranium Fuel
� 750 MWe for one year = 100 tons Uranium Fuel
� To make 20 tons of enriched uranium fuel, one has to usually start with 10 times as much, or 200 tons
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
JordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordan’’’’’’’’’’’’s Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Programs Nuclear Program
Nuclear Share in Electricity Generation
Jordan’s Best Case Scenario
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
2020 2023 2025 2026 2028 2030 2035 2037 2040
Electrical Generation
Nuclear
20%
73%
61%
48%
34%
35%
76%
66%
73%
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
NPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium ConsumptionNPP Uranium Consumption
� The average annual requirement of 1000 MWe plant at 90% availability is
� 130 – 150 tons of uranium for a CANDU
� 160 – 200 tons of uranium for a PWR
� Initial reactor loading is three times as much
� Which means that Jordan would require 700-1000 tons of uranium annually
� 40-60 thousand tons of uranium for the lifetime of these nuclear power plans
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
JordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordanJordan’’’’’’’’’’’’s Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needss Uranium Needs
Jordan's Nuclear Program Annual Requirment of Uranium
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
202
0
202
1
202
2
202
3
202
4
202
5
202
6
202
7
202
8
202
9
203
0
203
1
203
2
203
3
203
4
203
5
203
6
203
7
203
8
204
0
205
0
Ura
niu
m (
ton
)
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply Securing Our Fuel Supply
� 40-60 thousand tons of uranium is required for Jordan’s nuclear power plants
� A strategic uranium reserve to secure Jordan's nuclear fuel supply should be planned at this early stage of the nuclear program
� Depending on the reactor technology chosen� LWR: Assurance of fuel services and supplies with fuel
manufacturers including conversion, enrichment and fabrication
� CANDU: Fuel fabrication plant should be built in Jordan
� International initiatives and agreements
� SNF Management strategy
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies Assurance of Fuel Supplies
� Part of our contract with AREVA for uranium mining in central Jordan, is to guarantee fuel services including conversion, enrichment, fabrication and recycling
� Such guarantee should also be part of all NPP projects and contracts
� Jordan is a founding member of GNEP
� Jordan support the IAEA Fuel Bank imitative
� Should continue to seek multilateral and bilateral agreements for fuel services and SNF management
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication Fuel Fabrication
� Possible with CANDU technology only
� Fuel is natural uranium, and does not need enrichment (sensitive technology)
� Uranium will be produced and fabricated in Jordan
� Total independence
� Fuel fabrication plant is affordable ($30 M)
� Uranium production and refining could be done locally
� Nuclear Fuel Cycle Commission, JAEC
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
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The Nuclear Fuel CycleThe Nuclear Fuel CycleThe Nuclear Fuel Cycle
Jordan Atomic Energy Commission ه��ــ� ا��ـ� ـ� ا��رـ� ا�رد��ــ� xoubi
March 4th 2009
Thank YouThank YouThank You
Moving Jordan into a New Clear Future
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