useful information

Science 10 Data Page 1

ActiniumAluminumAmericiumAntimonyArgonArsenicAstatineBariumBerkeliumBerylliumBismuthBohriumBoronBromineCadmiumCalciumCaliforniumCarbonCeriumCesiumChlorineChromiumCobaltCopperCuriumDarmstadtiumDubniumDysprosiumEinsteiniumErbiumEuropiumFermiumFluorineFranciumGadoliniumGalliumGermanium

Element Symbol

AcAlAmSbArAsAtBaBkBeBiBhBBrCdCaCfCCeCsClCrCoCuCmDsDbDyEsErEuFmFFrGdGaGe

AtomicNumber

8913955118338556974

83107

5354820986

58551724272996

11010566996863

1009

87643132

GoldHafniumHassiumHeliumHolmiumHydrogenIndiumIodineIridiumIronKryptonLanthanumLawrenciumLeadLithiumLutetiumMagnesiumMeitneriumManganeseMendeleviumMercuryMolybdenumNeodymiumNeonNeptuniumNickelNiobiumNitrogenNobeliumOsmiumOxygenPalladiumPhosphorusPlatinumPlutoniumPoloniumPotassium

Element Symbol

AuHfHsHeHoHInIIrFeKrLaLrPbLiLuMgMtMnMdHgMoNdNeNpNiNbNNoOsOPdPPtPuPoK

AtomicNumber

7972

1082

671

495377263657

103823

7112

10925

101804260109328417

102768

461578948419

PraseodymiumPromethiumProtactiniumRadiumRadonRheniumRhodiumRoentgeniumRubidiumRutheniumRutherfordiumSamariumScandiumSeaborgiumSeleniumSiliconSilverSodiumStrontiumSulphurTantalumTechnetiumTelluriumTerbiumThalliumThoriumThuliumTinTitaniumTungstenUraniumVanadiumXenonYtterbiumYttriumZincZirconium

Element Symbol

PrPmPaRaRnReRhRgRbRuRfSmScSgSeSiAgNaSrSTaTcTeTbTlThTmSnTiWUVXeYbYZnZr

AtomicNumber

59619188867545

1113744

1046221

1063414471138167343526581906950227492235470393040

RADIOACTIVITY SYMBOLS

ALPHABETICAL LISTING OF THE ELEMENTS

00

01 e

01 ,

42 He

42 ,

10 n

11 p

11 H,

Data Page 2 Science 10

NO

N-M

ETAL

SM

ETAL

S

Ion

char

ge(s)

47.9

Titan

ium

3+Ti

4+22

Atom

ic M

ass

Nam

eSy

mbo

lAt

omic

Num

ber

PER

IODI

C TA

BLE

OF

THE

ELEM

ENTS

Alka

line

Earth

Met

als

Alka

liM

etal

sN

oble

Gas

esH

alog

ens

Base

d on

mas

s of C

-12

at 1

2.00

.

Any

valu

e in

par

enth

ese

sis

the

mas

s of

the

mos

tst

able

or b

est k

nown

isot

ope

for

ele

men

ts w

hich

do

not o

ccur

nat

ural

ly.(26

2)La

wren

cium

Lr3+

103

(259)

Nobe

lium3

+N

o2+

102

(258)

Mend

eleviu

m3+M

d2+

101

(257)

Ferm

iumFm

3+10

0

(252)

Eins

teiniu

mEs

3+99

(251)

Califo

rnium

Cf3+

98

(247)

Berke

lium4

+B

k3+

97

(247)

Curiu

m

Cm3+

96

(243)

Ameri

cium

Am

95

6+5+4+3+

5+3+6+4+

(244)

Pluton

iumPu94

6+4+3+5+

(237)

Neptu

nium

Np

93

5+4+6+

238.

0Ur

anium

U92

231.

0Pr

otacti

nium4+

Pa5+

91

232.

0Th

orium

Th4+

90

175.

0Lu

tetium

Lu3+

71

173.

0Yt

terbiu

m2+

Yb3+

70

168.

9Th

ulium

2+Tm

3+69

167.

3Er

bium

Er3+

68

164.

9Ho

lmium

Ho

3+67

162.

5Dy

spro

sium

Dy

3+66

158.

9er

bium

T

4+Tb

3+65

157.

3Ga

dolin

iumG

d3+

64

152.

0Eu

ropiu

m2+

Eu3+

63

150.

4Sa

mariu

m4+

Sm3+

62

(145)

Prom

ethium

Pm3+

61

144.

2Ne

odym

iumN

d3+

60

140.

9Pr

aseo

dymi

um4+Pr

3+59

140.

1Ce

rium

4+Ce

3+58

(266)

Meitn

erium

Mt

109

(265)

Hass

iumH

s10

8

(262)

Bohr

iumB

h10

7

(263)

Sg Seabo

rgium

106

(262)

Dubn

iumD

b10

5

(261)

Ruth

erfo

rdium

Rf

104

(227

)Ac

tiniu

mA

c3+

89

(226)

Radiu

mR

a2+

88

(223)

Fran

cium

Fr+

87

(222)

Rado

nR

n0

86

(210)

Astat

ineA

t

85

(209)

Polon

ium

4+Po

2+84

020

9.Bi

smuth

5+B

i3+

83

207.

2Le

ad

4+Pb

2+82

204.

4Th

allium

3+Tl

1+81

200.

6Me

rcury

1+H

g2+

80

197.

0Go

ld

1+Au

3+79

195.

1Pl

atinu

m

2+Pt

4+78

192.

2Irid

ium

4+Ir

3+77

190.

2Os

mium

4+O

s3+

76

186.

2Rh

enium

7+R

e4+

75

183.

8un

gsten

TW6+

74

180.

9an

talum

TTa5+

73

178.

5Ha

fnium

Hf

4+72

138.

9La

nthan

umLa

3+57

137.

3Ba

rium

Ba

2+56

132.

9Ce

sium

Cs+

55

131.

3Xe

non

Xe0

54

126.

9Iod

ineI

53

127.

6Te

lluriu

mTe

252

121.

8An

timon

y5+

Sb3+

51

118.

7Tin

2+Sn

4+50

114.

8Ind

iumIn3+

49

112.

4Ca

dmium

Cd2+

48

107.

9Sil

ver

Ag

+47

106.

4Pa

lladiu

m4+

Pd2+

46

102.

9Rh

odium

4+R

h3+

45

101.

1Ru

theniu

m4+

Ru

3+44

(98)

Tech

netiu

mTc

7+43

95.9

Molyb

denu

m3+M

o2+

42

92.9

Niob

ium

5+N

b3+

41

91.2

Zirco

nium

Zr4+

40

88.9

Yttriu

mY

3+39

87.6

Stron

tium

Sr2+

38

85.5

Rubid

iumR

b+

37

83.8

Kryp

tonK

r0

36

79.9

Brom

ineB

r

35

79.0

Selen

iumSe

234

74.9

Arse

nicA

s3

33

72.6

Germ

anium

Ge

4+32

69.7

Galliu

mG

a3+

31

65.4

ZincZn

2+30

63.5

Copp

er1+

Cu2+

29

58.7

Nick

el

3+N

i2+

28

58.9

Coba

lt

3+Co

2+27

55.8

Iron

2+Fe

3+26

54.9

Mang

anes

eM

n25

4+3+2+

52.0

Chrom

ium

2+Cr

3+24

50.9

Vana

dium4

+V

5+23

47.9

Titan

ium

3+Ti

4+22

45.0

Scan

dium

Sc3+

21

40.1

Calci

umCa

2+20

39.1

Potas

sium

K+

19

39.9

Argo

nA

r0

18

35.5

Chlor

ineCl

17

32.1

Sulph

urS

216

31.0

Phos

phor

usP

315

28.1

Silico

nSi14

27.0

Alum

inum

Al

3+13

24.3

Magn

esium

Mg

2+12

23.0

Sodiu

mN

a+

11

20.2

NeonNe

010

19.0

Fluor

ineF9

16.0

Oxyg

enO

8

2

14.0

Nitro

gen

N

73

12.0

Carbo

nC6

10.8

Boro

nB5

9.0

Beryl

lium

Be

+4

2

6.9

Lithiu

mLi3

+

4.0

Heliu

mH

e2

0

1.0

Hydr

ogen

H1

1.0

Hydr

ogen

H1+

(294)

Unun

octiu

mUu

o11

8

(?)Ununs

eptiu

mUu

s11

7

(292)

Unun

hexiu

mUu

h11

6

(288)

Uup

Unun

penti

um

115

(289)

Unun

quad

iumUu

q11

4

(284)

Unun

trium

Uut

113

(285

)Un

unbi

umUu

b11

2

(272)

Roen

tgeniu

mR

g11

1

(281)

Darm

stadti

umD

s11

0

12

34

56

78

910

1112

1314

1516

17

18


1445

4424

4544

30

12

34

Aci

dic

Bas

icN

eutr

al

56

78

910

1112

1314

stom

ach

lem

ongr

ape

sto

mat

oes

bana

nas

milk

wate

regg

sba

king

soda

soa

pa

mm

on

iaov

en

clea

ner [OH

]

blea

ch

Met

hyl O

range

RED

YELLOW

Met

hyl R

edM

ethy

l Red

RED

YELLOW

Brom

thym

ol B

lue

YELLOW

BLUE

Litm

us

RED

BLUE

Phen

olph

thal

ein

COLOURLESS

PINK

Indi

go C

arm

ine

YELLOW

BLUE

[H+]

pH S

CALE

NH

3


Positive Ions

NAMES, FORMULAE AND CHARGES OF SOME POLYATOMIC IONS

Negative Ions

COMMON ISOTOPE PAIRS CHART

Isotope Half-life of Parent(years)

Carbon-14

Uranium-235

Thorium-235

Rubidium-87

Potassium-40

Uranium-238

Parent

Nitrogen-14

Lead-207

Argon-40

Lead-208

Strontium-87

Lead-206

5730

710 million

1.3 billion

14 billion

47 billion

4.5 billion

Daughter

NH4+ Ammonium NO2 Nitrite

ClO4 Perchlorate

MnO4 Permanganate

PO43 Phosphate

PO33 Phosphite

SO42 Sulphate

SO32 Sulphite

HCO3 Hydrogen carbonate, bicarbonate

HSO4 Hydrogen sulphate, bisulphate

HS Hydrogen sulphide, bisulphide

HSO3 Hydrogen sulphite, bisulphite

OH Hydroxide

ClO Hypochlorite

NO3 Nitrate

CH3COO Acetate

CO32 Carbonate

ClO3 Chlorate

ClO2 Chlorite

CrO42 Chromate

CN Cyanide

Cr2O72 Dichromate

EQUATIONS OF MOTIONUNITS AND

ABBREVIATIONS

vav =dt

d = vav t

t = dvav

a =v

t

v = at

t = va

v

v

= vf vi

= vf vi

v= vi +vf

m

s

min

h

a

Symbol

metre

second

minute

hour

year

Unit

distance (d)

time (t)

Quantity

PREFIXES

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

mono

di

tri

tetra

penta

hexa

hepta

octa

nona

deca


THE

CARB

ON

CYCL

E

sea

su

rface

ga

s ex

chan

ge

sun

CELL

ULAR

RES

PIRA

TIO

N

P H O T O S Y N T H E S I S

DEC

OM

POSI

TIO

N

chan

ge in

land

use

(e.g.

a

gric

ultu

re)

DIA

GRA

M N

OT T

O SC

ALE

CO2

atm

osph

eric

CO2

1.5

0.5

9092

100

92

plan

t gro

wth

and

deca

y

6061

1600

ma

rine

life

5040

3

org

anic

mat

ter

in s

oil

terre

stria

lve

geta

tion

540

61

0

circ

ulat

ion

of

inte

rmedi

ate

and

deep

wa

ter

38 0

00

40

000

diss

olve

d org

anic

carb

on

700

foss

il fu

elco

mbu

stio

n

5.5

CO2 in

atm

osph

ere

750

m

arin

e se

dim

ents

and

sed

imen

tary

rock

68 0

00 0

00

100

000

000co

al

3000

oil

and

gas

depo

sit

300

CARB

ON

CYCL

E KE

Y

e.g.

10

0 9

2ca

rbon

exc

hang

ein

gig

aton

nes

per y

ear

e.g.

38

000

4

0 00

0ca

rbon

sto

res

in g

igat

onne

s


Perm

anent I

ce

Tundr

a

Tropi

cal R

ain

Fore

st

Tem

pera

te R

ain

Fore

st

Bore

al F

ore

st

Gra

ssla

nd

Des

ert

Tem

pera

te D

ecid

uous

Fore

st

BIO

MES

OF

THE

WO

RLD

N S

EWTrop

ic of

Can

cer 2

3.5

N

Equa

tor 0

Tropi

c of

Cap

ricor

n 2

3.5

S


Burgess shale deposited

Pangea forming

Multicellular life on land

Glaciers retreatGlaciers form at poles

Tropical climate at equator

Pangea breaking apart

Atlantic Ocean forming

Glaciation in Southern Hemisphere

Abundant deposition of organic material, source

of future fossil fuels

Red iron oxide deposits

Climate warmer than presentcausing higher sea level

Glaciation intensifies

Grand Canyon forming

Ice sheets advance thenretreat in Northern Hemisphere

Himalayan Mountains forming

Rocky Mountains forming

Beginning of modern ice ages

Single cell aquatic life

Multicellular aquatic life

Abundant fossils appear in rock record

Jurassic

Triassic

Permian

Carboniferous

Devonian

Silurian

Cambrian

Oligocene

Dates according to Geological Time Scale, 1999. Geological Survey of Canada Open File 3040. It is recognized that there is some variation in the dates given in the literature.

ERA

4600

LITHOSPHERETECTONIC PLATE MAPS

Holocene

Pleistocene

Pliocene

Miocene

Eocene

Paleocene

CENOZOIC

MESOZOIC

PALEOZOIC

PRECAMBRIAN

Quaternary

Tertiary

Cretaceous

55

65

145

200

251

300

355

418

441

490

544

Ordovician

PERIOD EPOCH TIME (Ma)

0.01

1.6

5.3

24

34

Formation of the Earth

GEOLOGICAL TIME

Time Ma

540 Ma

400 Ma

270 Ma

Pangea

150 Ma

40 Ma

Present


DIA

GRA

M N

OT T

O SC

ALE

Diff

ere

nt s

ourc

es w

ill pr

ovid

e va

ryin

g in

form

atio

n.plan

t and

anim

al w

ast

erunoff

and

leac

hing

deco

mpo

sers

min

ing

(phos

phate

ferti

lizers

and

dete

rgen

ts)

phos

phat

ein

soi

l

phos

phat

e ro

ckswe

ath

erin

g

geol

ogic

uplift

diss

olve

d in

wate

rway

s sha

llow

oce

an

sedi

men

ts

plan

t and

anim

al

wast

e

THE

PHO

SPHO

RUS

CYCL

E

PHO

SPHO

RUS

CYCL

E KE

Y

nu

mbe

rs re

pres

ent s

tore

d a

mo

un

ts in

milli

ons

of m

etric

to

ns (1

012g)

4000

nu

mbe

rs re

pres

ent f

low

s in

milli

ons

of m

etric

tons

(10

12g)

per y

ea

r20

0

fish

harv

est

10

100

50

1000

7

.01

2

20 0

00 0

00 0

00

4000

200

10 0

00

60

000

100

000

000

ferti

lize

rs

oce

an

diss

olvin

g

oce

an

se

dim

ents

leac

hing

in

to s

oil

soil

fresh

wa

ter

terre

stria

lo

rgan

isms

min

eabl

eph

osph

ate

Earth

s cr

ust

200

upt

ake

by

terre

stria

l o

rgan

isms

marin

elife

guan

o bi

rdis

land

sindu

stria

lw

ast

e

we

ath

erin

g


DIA

GRA

M N

OT T

O SC

ALE

N I T R O G E N F I X A T I O N

D E N I T R I F I C A T I O N

C O N V E R S I O N T O G A S

S E D I M E N T A T I O N

U P T A K E B Y P L A N T S

NH

4+

NH

4+

NH

3N

O, N

O2

NH

3

Atm

osph

ere:

pr

imar

ily N

2 w

ith tr

ace

s of N

H 3, N

O, N

O2

nitr

ogen

-fixin

gso

il ba

cter

ianitr

ifyin

gba

cter

ia

ash

aci

d pr

ecip

itatio

nH

NO

3

deco

mpo

sers

(bacte

ria a

nd fu

ngi)

diss

olve

d N

H4+

, N

O3

NH

4+, N

O3

N2

N2

NO

3

N2,

NH

3, N

O, N

O2,

NO

3

plan

ts

sew

age

and

ferti

lizers

nitr

ifyin

gba

cter

ia

deni

trify

ing

bact

eria

nitr

ogen

oxi

des

from

transp

orta

tion

and

indu

stry

deca

ying

plan

tand

anim

al w

ast

e

ATM

OSP

HERI

C FI

XATI

ON

(lightn

ing)

ferti

lizer

app

licat

ion

nitr

ogen

-fixin

gba

cter

ia in

root

nodu

les

of le

gum

es

NO

2N

O3

NH

4+, N

O3

NH

4+

NO

3

NIT

RIF

ICAT

ION

NIT

RIF

ICAT

ION

UPTA

KE B

Y PL

ANTS

NIT

ROG

EN F

IXAT

ION

LEAC

HIN

G

AND

RUN

OFF

THE

NIT

ROG

EN C

YCLE


MAP OF THE PACIFIC COAST OF NORTH AMERICA

LEGENDTransform boundary

Divergent boundary

Convergent boundary

Plate movement

Volcanoes

N

SE

W

SAN ANDREAS FAULTDENALI FAULT

STIKINEVOLCANICBELT

ANAHIMVOLCANICBELT

QUEE

NCH

ARLO

TTE

FAUL

T

YUKONN.W

.T.B.C.

ALBE

RTA

ALAS

KA

JUAN

DE FU

CA

RIDGE

JUAN DE FUCAPLATE

Mt. Baker

Mt. St. Helens

Yellowstone

EXPLORER PLATE

EXPLORER RIDGE

GORD

A RIDG

E

GORDAPLATE

WASH.MONTANA

OREGONIDAHO

CALIF.

CASC

ADE

VOLC

ANOE

S

NORTHAMERICAN

PLATE

PACIFICPLATE

WYO

MIIN

G

SASK

.

NEVADAUTAH

ARIZONA

COLO

RADO

ALEUTIAN TR

ENCH


TECT

ONI

C PL

ATE

BOUN

DARI

ES M

AP

Juan

De

Fuca

Plat

e

Pacif

ic Pl

ate

Nazc

a Pl

ate

Coco

s Pl

ate

EastPacificRise

Mid-

Atlantic Ridge

Eura

sian

Plat

e

Afric

anPl

ate

Plat

e

Plat

e m

ovem

ent r

elat

ive

to th

e Af

rican

Pla

te

Anta

rctic

Pla

te

Volc

anoe

s

Mou

ntai

nsCo

nverg

ent b

ound

ary

Div

erge

nt b

ound

ary

N S

WE

Tran

sfor

m b

ound

ary

Indi

an-A

ustra

lian

Nor

th A

mer

ican

Pla

te

Sout

hAm

eric

anPl

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/Description > /Namespace [ (Adobe) (Common) (1.0) ] /OtherNamespaces [ > /FormElements false /GenerateStructure false /IncludeBookmarks false /IncludeHyperlinks false /IncludeInteractive false /IncludeLayers false /IncludeProfiles false /MultimediaHandling /UseObjectSettings /Namespace [ (Adobe) (CreativeSuite) (2.0) ] /PDFXOutputIntentProfileSelector /DocumentCMYK /PreserveEditing true /UntaggedCMYKHandling /LeaveUntagged /UntaggedRGBHandling /UseDocumentProfile /UseDocumentBleed false >> ]>> setdistillerparams> setpagedevice

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