using multiple criteria decision aid to improve best agricultural...
TRANSCRIPT
www.irstea.fr
Pour mieux
affirmer
ses missions,
le Cemagref
devient Irstea
Francis MACARY UR ETBX, Irstea
Using multiple criteria decision aid to improve best agricultural and environmental management practices
in the area of a big wine company, near Bordeaux
The 31st of March to the 2nd of April, 2016
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1- Introduction : context and objectives
Many ecoystems are degraded with human activities, including intensive agriculture , specially: pesticides. => Consequences on quality of water, for biota and drinking water! => Degradation of soil quality, => Atmospheric pollutions => human health!
This situation is amplified with cultures like vineyards and orchards, because they need a hight level of sanitary protection: fungicides, insecticides, (and some herbicides to control weeds), => With an oceanic climat, in Bordeaux, the vineyard is sensitive.
But sometimes, the use of pesticide could be excessive. => More and more, people ask to reduce pesticides, because of their bad effects on health.
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There are more and more papers about Pesticides & Health.
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This was the era of the best years, for chemical business…
when agrochemicals replaced agronomy!
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But now, people say: that’s enough!
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Public policies have failed to reduce pesticides uses, because
the main system of production is yet intensive
(called in France: conventional).
Now, the French Ministry of agriculture tries to promote the
production principles of agroecology, based on interactions between
agrosystems and ecosystems, to avoid synthetic pesticides and
preserve soils.
Near Bordeaux, a group of 500 winegrowers are gathered in the
« Tutiac cooperative » which represents 4 000 ha of vine and
230 000 hl of wine per year : the biggest cooperative of AOC wines
in France. They decided to adapt their conventional practices
toward agroecology.
To study the effects of best agricultural and environmental
practices, we decided to build a research project with scientists of
Bordeaux University and research centers: Irstea, INRA, CNRS, Ifremer,
gathered into the LabEx COTE.
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This project is called PhytoCOTE and the topic is:
«Using pesticides in agrosystems, transfers, bioaccumulation, and
impacts on ecosystems. Modeling of changes in farming practices».
It is implemented from 2015 to 2019.
The Tutiac cooperative located in Marcillac (Gironde) became
our main professional partner, with the union of Bordeaux-Blaye
wines.
¤ we need contacts with their winemakers to analyse their
agricultural practices and also quality of soil, water and air.
¤ they use our scientific results to improve their agroecological
project.
8 Location of the study
area
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Distillery of winemaking residues
Watershed output
Watershed entry
Wastewater treatment plant
Tutiac cooperative of winemaking
Village of Marcillac
Study area
10 PhytoCOTE projet
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Structuring of the PhytoCOTE projet
Agro-environment
Agro-economics
Environmental Chemistry
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Methodology of MCDA
1. Determination of the study area. 2015
2. Knowledge of agricultural and environmental practices of winemakers, by enquiries on the ground. 2015
3. Understanding of the decision choices about the sanitary protection of vineyard taken by winemakers
2016
4. Implementation MCDA 1 => ELECTRE TRI method, coupled with a GIS, to assess risks of pesticide transfers, from farming parcels, to water (WP1) (sorting in 4-5 categories).
2016
2017 5. Implementation MCDA 2 => ELECTRE III method, to rank results of scenarios, relating practice changes, including results of bioeconomics modelling (WP3). 2018
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Environmental performances of agriculture
/ water quality
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Sorting problem
Segmentation procedure
The agro-environmental task aims to assess risks of pesticide transfers, from farming parcels, to water, in the watershed.
A watershed
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x farming parcels
Very high
High
Medium
Low
Level of risk to contaminate ecosystems
y = 4
categories
7 criteria
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Road network and ways
Hydrographic network
DEM 10 m slopes
Cartographics data
Connectivity
Slopes
Land use
Soils
Inquiries and ground
observations data
(ArcGIS)
General structure
of GIS
Pesticide pressure
7 Criteria (Electre Tri-C)
MCDA 1
Nature of soils
Vulnerability
of water
Agricultural
Pressure
Pesticide pressure
Riparian zones
Wetlands & Grass
along streams
Protections
Agroecological practices
Filter strips
AEPs
Riparian zones
Slopes
Soils
15 Determination of the land use and practices
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Next step 2016 : on the ground, for each farming parcel => Evaluation of performances, and => multi criteria modelling: MCDA 1.
Mapping of results with the GIS (WP1).
WP3 : bioeconomics modelling of scenarios concerning practice changes or system of production, with stakeholders. ex: - decrease number of pesticide treatments using specific models, - optimisation of the implementation of treatments, with very precise sprayers, - Change of production system… => MCDA 2 (2017-2018): ranking of scenarios, studied with stakeholders and consequences for winemakers of Tutiac & others.
And after…
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Conclusion
In this PhytoCOTE projet, the partnership with winegrowers
and specially the Tutiac cooperative is essential to be able to develop all our research. And it is also interesting for their agroecological project, because some scientifical analysis are necessary.
In 2016, we will finish to implement the MCDA 1 method, to assess environmental performances of their practices (sorting parcels about potential risk of pesticide transfers) to be able to discuss these results with winegrowers and their advicers.
In 2017, we will build together scenarios to improve best agricultural & environmental practices; assess with a bioeconomical model of optimisation; and a MCDA 2 method to finish the analyse with a ranking of results of these scenarios.
Next time => first results !
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Vineyard of Bordeaux-Blaye
F. Macary, August 2015
Thank you for your attention